Phonetics and Phonology exercises

UNIVERS UNIVERSIDAD ID AD DE D E C ARABOBO ARABO BO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE EDUCACIÓN ESC UE UELA LA DE EDUC EDUCAC AC IÓN IÓ N DEPART DEP ARTAM AM ENT NTO O DE IDIOM IDIO M AS M O DER DERNO NO S C ÁTE ÁTEDRA: G RAM ATIC ATICA A Y LING LINGÜÍS ÜÍSTICA IC A ING LESA ASIGNATURA: LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA

The te rm phonetics refers to the description of speech sound (how they are ma de , trans transmitted mitted and rec eived ). Whi While le the term phonology refe rs to the wa y tho se sou sound nd s a re o rg a nized nized into the th e ind ividua l languages.

Phonetics

Sounds

Articulatory (It stud ies how ho w sou sound nd s a re p rod uc ed ) Acoustic (It (It stud stud ies ho w sou sound nd s a re p erce ive d ) Segmentals (Co nson nsonaa nts & v ow els) els) Suprasegmentals (Stres (Stresss, rhythm , into na tion…) tion …)

Phoneme: it is the th e sm a llest llest un it

of spe spe ec h whic whic h has me aning. aning. (Consona (Consona nts an d vo wels) wels)

Allophone: It is is the va ria tion o f

a sound ound

honeme honeme .

Consonant phonemes:

BILABIAL STO P

LABIO- DEN TAL ALVEOLAR ALV EOLAR RET RETROFLEX ROFLEX A LVEOLVEO - PALATAL DENTAL PALATAL

 /p/ /b/+  /f/ /v/+

FRICATIVE

 /t/ /d/+  / S/  /Z/+

 / θ /   / /+

AFFRIC AFFRIC A TE LATERAL

VELAR

GLOTTAL

 /k/ /g/+  / ∫ / /  / 3 / +  / t ∫ / /  / d 3 / +

 /h/-

 /l/+

NASAL

  APPROXIMANTS

/m/+

/n/+

/w /*+ *NOTE: labio-velar * Voicing: voic ed (+) and vo iceless iceless (-)

/η / +

/r/+

Phone tic tic c riteria: iteria: 1. Point of articulation : bilabial, dental, labiodental, alveolar,

alveo -pa latal, pa lata l, ve la r, glo ttal, a nd uvular. 2. Manner of articulation : plosive, fricative, affricate, nasal, ap p roxim oxim a nt, laterals a nd retroflex. etroflex.

/j/+

3. Voicing : voice d and vo ic eless. Vowel phonemes:

Phone tic criteria: 1. Height of t ong ue: high, mid, and low . 2. Part of the tongue involved : front, ce ntral, and ba c k. 3. Position of the lips: round ed and unround ed . EXERCISES:

1) Ide ntify the sound that do es not fit into the string. Expla in.

Speech sounds

m

p

b

θ

t

n

s

f 

t∫

∫ ә

d i:

d3 e

u:

2) M a rk the two words that contain a silent consona nt.

brother listen writer cinema music house know

says book 3) Rea d the following groups of words, and tra nscribe them. Then, selec t which word has a different sound.     

look go od b lood foot ____________________________  dead mean bread head ____________________________  fruit suit ju ic e b uilt ____________________________  sons girls drea ms bo oks _____________________________  p en red ten bee _____________________________ 

4) Tra nscribe the following sentenc es, a nd c irc le a ll bilab ial a nd frica tive sounds.    

A c oup le of b rushe s _________________________________  I wish I c ould see a rea l w itch _________________________________  She is at the store _________________________________  Peter likes drinking Pep si _________________________________ 

5) Put a check √ next to the word that have front vowels, and circle the vowel phoneme.   

 ____talk  ____dollar  ____wonder

  

 ____keep  ____dream  ____October

 

 ____already  ____before

6) Describe the following phoneme s.

 / e/ _______________________________   ____________  /η/___________________   / ∫/________________________________   / ә / ________________________________   / i:/________________________________

 / d / ________________________________ 

 / t/ ________________________________   / p / _______________________________   / w / _______________________________   / g/ _______________________________ 

 /u:/________________________________

7) Choose the c orre sponding phoneme for the following c riteria.

Bilabial, stop, voiceless______  High, b a c k, roun d ed ______  Lateral, alveolar______  Nasal, velar, voiced______ 

low, central, unrounded______  Frica tive , a lveo la r, voic ele ss_______  Ap p roxima nts, pa lata l_______  back, mid, rounded_______ 

8) C irc le a nd c orrec t the e rrors in the following tra nsc ribed sentenc es.     

It is a lost c ause __________________________________  It is a ll right __________________________________  I’ve b een in The USA for two yea rs __________________________________  I cooked onio ns fo r lunc h __________________________________  The p rinc e of Persia __________________________________ 

9) Dec ode the following me ssa ge .

Phonemic symbols represent the sounds of the English language.  __________________________________________________________________________  Using them c an b e a va luab le tool  __________________________________________________  to imp roving your stud ent s' pronunc iation.  _________________________________________________________  10) De scribe the following phone me s (c onsona nts & vowe ls).

p k f e ∫

m g s i: n

b r z w m

v u t∫ l θ