Lecture 5-Stress in Complex Words (2)

Mohamed Kheider University of Biskra__Section of English__Second Year LMD__Phonetics

Lectures 7 :

STRESS PLACEMENT IN COMPLEX WORDS Stress-Carrying Suffixes & Stress-Shifting Suffixes

1. Stress-carrying suffixes: the suffixes which attract the primary stress placement to the final syllable, they are also called stress-attracting suffixes, the most common ones are:

Rule-1: English words ending in -ade, -aire, -ain, ee, eer, ese, ette, esque, ique, oo, oon; the stress will be on the last/final syllable –ULT STRESS- so the stress falls on the suffix. Suffixes -ade -aire -ain -ee -eer -ese -ette -esque -ique -oo -oon

Examples for Transcription Persuade /pəˈsweɪd/, Dissuade/dɪˈsweɪd/, Questionnaire /ˌkwestʃəˈneə/, Millionaire /mɪljəˈneə/, Japanese /ˌʤæpəˈniːz/, Journalese /ˌdʒɜːnəˈliːz/ Coffee /ˈkɒfi/, Committee /kəˈmɪti/ (council), /ˌkɒmɪˈtiː/, Absentee , Referee, Engineer/ˌenʤɪˈnɪə/, Volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ Vietnamese /ˌvɪetnəˈmiːz/ , Portuguese /ˌpɔːtjʊˈgiːz, -tʃʊ-/ Silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/, Marionette /ˌmarɪəˈnet/, Launderette /lɔːnˈdret/ Romanesque/ˌrəʊməˈnesk/, Picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/,Arabesque /ˌærəˈbesk/ Critique /krɪˈtiːk/, Technique /tekˈniːk/, Unique /juːˈniːk/ Kangaroo /ˌkæŋgəˈruː/, Shampoo /ʃæmˈpuː/ , Waterloo /ˌwɔːtətˈluː/ Typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ , Balloon /bəˈluːn/,

Exceptions: Igloo /ˈɪgluː/, Cuckoo /ˈkʊkuː/, Decade /ˈdekeɪd/, Comrade /ˈkɒmreɪd/.

2. Stress-shifting suffixes: the affixation of the suffix causes a change of the primary stress from one syllable of the stem to another one, but the stress remains in the stem, it often moves immediately to the syllable before the suffix. So the stress falls on one of the stem syllables before the suffix added to the stem. 2.1. Stress-shifting suffixes causing PENULT STRESS:

Rule-2: English words ending in –ic, –sion, and –tion; the stress will be on the second syllable from the end –PENULT STRESS– so on the syllable just before the suffix. Suffix-ending

Examples for Transcription

–ic

Athletic /æθˈletɪk/, Economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ , Graphic/ˈgræfɪk/, Geographic /ˌʤiəˈgæfɪk/, Philosophic/ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪk/, Psychologic /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒʤɪk/, Specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/, Scientific /saɪənˈtɪfɪk/, Syntactic /sɪnˈtæktɪk/, Semiotics /ˌsemiˈɒtɪks/ , Theoretic /θɪəˈretɪk/, Linguistics /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks/, Semantics /sɪˈmæntɪks/, Phonetics /fəˈnetɪks/,

–sion

Television / telɪˈvɪʒn/, Revision /rɪˈvɪʒn/, Elision /ɪˈlɪʒn/, Erosion / ɪˈrəʊʒn/

–tion

Relation /rɪˈleɪʃən/, Association /əˌsəʊsɪˈeɪʃn/, participation /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/

Most common exceptions: Arabic/ˈærəbɪk/, Arithmetic/əˈrɪθmətɪk/, Arsenic/ˈɑːsənɪk/, Heretic /ˈherɪtɪk/, Catholic /ˈkæθəlɪk/, Lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/, Politic/ˈpɒlɪtɪk/, Rhetoric /ˈretərɪk/. 1

Time for practice: Exercise 1: Transcribe the following words (stress-carrying suffixes) and marks the stress

Examples Limonade Canonnade Millionnaire Refugee Detainee Devotee Velveteen Careen Mountaineer Journalese Grotesque Tattoo Cigarette Antique Cartoon

Transcription …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… …………………… ……………………

Examples Barricade Cascade Questionnaire Trainee Employee Interviewee Seventeen Halloween Pioneer Japanese Evacuee Taboo Cassette Boutique Ascertain

Transcription ……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………….. ……………………….. ………………………. ………………………. ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ……………………… ………………………

Exercise 2: Transcribe the following words (stress-shifting suffixes) and marks the stress

Examples

Transcription

Examples

Transcription

Problematic

…………………….

Poetic

………….…………….

Gigantic

…………………….

Magnetic

…………….………….

Electric

…………………….

Basic

……………….……….

Occasion

……………….……

Illusion

……………………….

Communication

……………….……

Publication

……………………….

Fiction

……………….……

Civilisation

…………….…….……

Further practice Performance Exercise:

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