ZTVE-StB 94 Hinweise Zur Arbeit Mit Dem LFG in Englisch

Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen Earthworks and Foundation Engineering Task Force

Supplementary Technical Terms and Conditions of Contract and Guidelines for Earthworks in oad Construction

!TVE-St" #$

Issue 1994 as amended in 1997

1

%$&'&( %$&'&( )ndire )ndirect ct testin testing g method methods s Where it is difficult diff icult or excessively time-consuming to perform compaction measurements and standard Proctor tests pursuant to Sections 14.2.2 and  14.2.3, e.g. ecause of the material properties, or such measurements and  tests cannot e conducted to the re!uired extent ecause of the specified  laying performance, the follo"ing test methods "hich indirectly characterise the compaction status may e adopted# $1% Static Static plate pressure pressure test test to &'( 1)134* 1)134* $2% &ynamic &ynamic plate plate pressur pressure e test to to +P- +P- Part  ).3 $3% Susidenc Susidence e test using using enelman/ enelman/s s eam to +P- +P- Part 0* $4% Penetration Penetration resistan resistance ce tests using using ramming ramming or pressure pressure penetration penetration to &'( 404, "hile special viratory sounding rods too may e employed  for services trenches* $% +esting +esting y settlement settlement measureme measurements nts follo"ing follo"ing the individual individual compacting  compacting   passes for rocfills and soils "ith stones in excess of 2 mm or those containing a maor percentage of gravel gr avel and stones* $% &ynamic &ynamic measurem measurement ent of the acceleration acceleration performa performance nce of the "or roller  roller  used for compacting, or of a special gauge roller. +he test methods to e adopted in the particular case shall e indicated in the specification. 5sually, test methods $2% and $4% can e !uicly employed. +herefore, "hen these methods are used, the minimum scope of testing can e increased  "hen compared to test methods pursuant to Sections 14.2.2 or 14.2.3, thus adding to the statistical meaningfulness and reliaility of the test results. +he scope shall e indicated in the specification. On commencement of testing, calibration tests shall be conducted to determine the relationship between the outcome of the test method chosen and the reuired !alue indicated in the specification" #here this is not reuired or impractical, the owner and the contractor ma$ agree and resort to indicati!e figures based on own e%perience or accepted e%perience of  others, for the test method chosen, as a reference for the tests"

+he follo"ing tests are recommended r ecommended for testing in service trenches and in confined "orplaces# $1% +he dynamic dynamic plate plate pressure pressure test test to +P- Part Part  ).3 for placemen placementt in layers of acfill materials of all ind, or for shallo" service trenches* $2% Penetration Penetration resistance resistance testing testing for preferaly preferaly non-cohesiv non-cohesive e acfill  materials, using special service-trench sounding rods, for placement in layers or for shallo" service trenches $.6 $ .6 metres deep%* $3% Penetration Penetration resistan resistance ce testing y means means of ramming ramming penetrat penetration ion to &'( 404, for preferaly non-cohesive acfill materials and deep service trenches.

2

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Testing the modulus of resilience on the formation To test the bearing and deformation performance of the formation as a supporting medium for the pa!ement, compliance with the reuirements applicable to the modulus of resilience E ν& pursuant to 'ection ("4"7"& shall be demonstrated" To this end, the methods ) 1, ) & or ) ( as per 'ection 14"1 shall be adopted b$ analog$" Testing shall be conducted b$ emplo$ing the static plat e pressure test to *I+ 11(4 or, alternati!el$, b$ means of the following test methods.1/ *$namic plate pressure test to T02F 0art 2 "( .&/ 'ubsidence test using 2enkelman3s beam to T02F 0art 9 .(/ *$namic measurement of the acceleration performance of the work roller  used for compacting, or of a special gauge roller" The d$namic moduli or subsidence deri!ed from the alternati!e test methods call for prior calibration using the modulus of resilience E ν&, or reference to e%isting and accepted empirical !alues" 5pplication of these test methods shall be sub6ect to prior agreement between the owner and the contractor" 7eference to alternative test methods called for or to e ruled out shall e included in the specification. +esting the modulus of resilience on the formation shall not e re!uired  "here $1% the foundation or the sustructure is consolidated y means of inders, or  $2% it is ensured on the grounds of local experience or through compaction tests that the re!uired moduli of resilience are achieved.

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Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen- und Verkehrswesen ocal 8oad onstruction #orking ommittee

Supplementary Technical Terms and Conditions of Contract and Guidelines for E+ca,ations and igging-up in Traffic .reas

!TV.-St" #/

Issue 1997

4

%&/&'

Testing the compaction in earthworks

%&/&'&% Test methods The test method to be emplo$ed to !erif$ the compaction shall be coordinated 6ointl$ with the contracting bod$ and the rele!ant transport department or authorit$"

%&/&'&%&* ynamic plate pressure test as an indirect test method Instead of performing a static plate pressure test, an in!estigation ma$ be conducted using the d$namic plate pressure test to T0 2F't2 0art 2 "(" +he setup is particularly suited for service-trench construction as the test  can e !uicly performed y an operator. +he scope of testing can e increased as necessary* also, tests of the individual layers placed  $thicness not greater than 3 cm% can e readily performed.  5ssessment of the E!d !alue measured is a function of the backfill material" orrelation !alues relating to the static plate pressure test for the soil pre!ailing or intended to be backfilled shall be determined b$ wa$ of  attempt" +o this end, one may resort to correlation values regionally availale "ith road construction offices, civil engineering offices, pulic utility  undertaings, or earth"ors testing institutes. or non-cohesive acfill materials, correlation values can e readily  determined $8nnex 14%. or cohesive soils, checing the moisture content is an additional  re!uirement. %&/&'&%&$ 0enetration resistance tests as an indirect test method  8ssessment of trench acfilling is also possile y penetration resistance tests using ramming or pressure penetration to &'( 404 or other  e!uipment developed for this purpose. The minimum reuired number of impacts shall be determined for the reuired degree of compaction for the t$pes of soils in!ol!ed" +o this end, empirical values availale "ith the relevant transport  department or pulic utility undertaing may e used as a asis. When the light"eight sounding rod is driven displacement of soil causes the top 9one to loosen. +herefore, the numers of impacts "ithin the upper  cm are not suited for comparison. 't is recommended to load the ottom plate y means of an appropriate e!uivalent load $concrete rings or the lie% so that comparale figures are achieved at from the top edge of trench acfill.

5

.nne+ %$ etermination of correlation ,alues using the 1ightweight rop2eight Tester 3to T0 "F-St" 0art " 4&*5 1" The d$namic plate pressure test using the ightweight *rop#eight Tester is a rapid test method emplo$ed to determine the d$namic modulus of resilience E νd" This approach is ad!antageous o!er the static plate pressure test in that a load abutment is not reuired for performing the test" The test is conducted within minutes b$ a single person, e!en under confined site conditions if necessar$" ompared to the static plate pressure test, performing the d$namic test is !er$ economic" The ightweight *rop#eight Tester consists of the following components and assemblies oad plate  'ettlement measuring instrument ph$sicall$ arranged in the centre of the load plate and normal to the loaded surface  oading mechanism consisting of drop weight, spring element, guide tube or  guide rod with release mechanism"

.1/ oad plate .&/ :andles .(/ 'ettlement measuring instrument .4/ *rop weight .;/ 'pring element .

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Section

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1

Test seuence w& )oisturecontent determination

'$mbols-

ightweight dropweight tester

*imensions in cm  

0 late pressure tester 

$lindrical core specimen collector  2alloon instrument

9

!TV-St" 1.S ST #7 1and of Sa+ony-.nhalt *&%&*&*

0a,ement Su6-6ases

Sheet %( 8*9#7

Testing 'ection &"("("< CTDT shall be amended as follows+he plate pressure testers employed shall e calirated y authorised caliration oards at  least once a year. +he :ontractor shall furnish the Principal "ith evidence of the caliration  performed. 0ursuant to the reuirements laid down in *I+ 1 1(4, the singlegauge method shall be adopted" 'ection &"("4 CTDT shall be amended as followsThe static modulus of resilience E & shall be demonstrated as reuired, at least for e!er$ started >> m @ of subbase"  ν

To determine the bearing resistance the dynamic plate pressure test using the Lightweight Drop-Weight Tester to TP BF-StB Part B 8. may be agreed upon as an alternati!e to the static plate pressure test. The d$namic modulus of resilience E νd shall be demonstrated as reuired, at least for e!er$ started > m@ of subbase" The following pro!ision shall appl$ to widening ? sectionwise constructionPre"erably# the dynamic plate pressure test shall be employed to determine the bearing resistance.

!TV-St" 1.S ST #7 1and of Sa+ony-.nhalt *&%&*&*

0a,ement Su6-6ases

Sheet %( 8*9#7

Testing 'ection &"("("< CTDT shall be amended as follows+he plate pressure testers employed shall e calirated y authorised caliration oards at  least once a year. +he :ontractor shall furnish the Principal "ith evidence of the caliration  performed. 0ursuant to the reuirements laid down in *I+ 1 1(4, the singlegauge method shall be adopted" 'ection &"("4 CTDT shall be amended as followsThe static modulus of resilience E & shall be demonstrated as reuired, at least for e!er$ started >> m @ of subbase"  ν

To determine the bearing resistance the dynamic plate pressure test using the Lightweight Drop-Weight Tester to TP BF-StB Part B 8. may be agreed upon as an alternati!e to the static plate pressure test. The d$namic modulus of resilience E νd shall be demonstrated as reuired, at least for e!er$ started > m@ of subbase" The following pro!ision shall appl$ to widening ? sectionwise constructionPre"erably# the dynamic plate pressure test shall be employed to determine the bearing resistance. Irrespecti!e of the t$pe of plate pressure test chosen, a test shall be conducted as reuired, at least for e!er$ started &>> meters length of construction" The "ollowing e$ui!alent "igures shall apply% & '  in ()*m+

& d  in  ()*m+ 

1> 1;> 1&> 1>> > 4; &>

> 7> ;> 4> (> &; 1;

 ν

 ν

+he e!uivalence et"een the static modulus of resilience ;  ν2  and the dynamic modulus of  resilience ;  νd  is a function of the type of soil, the moisture content, and the degree of  compaction achieved. 'n case of ade!uate compaction $;  ν2  < ;  ν1 ≤ 2.% the calculated ;  νd  values are expected to conform to the e!uivalent ;  ν2  values. 'n the event of inade!uate compaction $;  ν2  < ;  ν1 ≥ 2.% the ;  νd  values "hich "ould e e!uivalent to the ;  ν2  value are not reached. Where the re!uired ratio of ;  ν2  < ;  ν1 or the re!uired ;  νd  value is not reached, re-compacting  is essential. 't is only in the latter case that the afore-mentioned e!uivalence values should e included  in the contract arrangement.

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:ESS).; 1.; "> mm dia" weighing 1> kg weighing ; kg up springs

 'ettlement measuring instrument .elastic settlement/

8elease mechanism =uide rod

*rop weight

*amping s$stem oad plate

Figure %D

'ketch of ightweight *rop#eight tester 

15

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?easuring principle

This test method measures elastic deformation resulting from a specified d$namic load application .α A >"1 +?mm@/"  5 drop weight is used to appl$ through the damping s$stem an impact load of the range to be tested" The elastic deformation so produced .settlement amplitude s of  the load plate/ is recorded b$ means of the settlement measuring instrument, and related to the recorded load" The d$namic modulus of resilience E νd in +?mm@ .A )+?m@/ is indicati!e of the e%isting bearing resistance" The depth of action is about 1"; times the diameter of the load plate .appro%" 4>>;>> mm/" (

euirements to 6e met 6y test euipment

The d$namic modulus of resilience is determined at a stress α A >"1 +?mm@ under  the load plate" This stress is roughl$ eui!alent to load e%erted b$ running trains at the formation top" In order to guarantee this !alue each tester is supplied b$ the manufacturer is a calibrated condition" alibration ma$ onl$ be performed b$ authoriBed inspection boards" Thus, a height of drop results which is specific of the particular tester and is indicated on the euipment" The tester ma$ onl$ be used with manufacturer3s genuine parts which were emplo$ed for the calibration" The test euipment is reuired to be recalibrated at inter!als of two $ears if the results are intended to be used as a basis for acceptance of railwa$ structures" The test euipment is reuired to be inspected annuall$ at the manufacturer3s such inspections also include calibrating" #hene!er !ariations compared to pre!ious settings are noted recalibration becomes necessar$" 7

Test procedure

mm from the load plate from a depth of  about 1;> mm/ of the soil to obtain meaningful data for classification of the soil be tested and determine its moisture content" The moisture content and the soil identification in compliance with *I+ 1 19< must be indicated in the test report along with the E νd !alue" 'oil specimens collected from the immediate !icinit$ for  densit$ determinations ma$ also be used to determine the moisture content" #here a test lot is belie!ed to ha!e an in!ariable moisture content the scope of specimen collection should be reduced" /

E,aluation

The d$namic modulus of resilience E νd is calculated b$ the following formula1"; ⋅ r ⋅ σ E νd A s wherer σ

s 1";

A 8adius of the load plate, in mm A 'tress under the load plate, in +?mm@ A *eformation amplitude, in mm .mean !alue/ A Factor including a multitude of laws which must be taken into account when loading the soil b$ a circular plate

The local computer printout pro!ides e!idence that the bearingresistance test has been conducted" It must reflect the following information 'tation I*  *ate  E νd !alues  T$pe of structure  0h$sical location  :eight  'oil group as per specification or screening characteristic"

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#hen assessing the test results the following must be taken into account 5n$ !ariation of the moisture content from the optimal !alue  For cohesi!e soils with Ic !alues ≥ 1, the E νd !alues are onl$ acceptable in con6unction with densit$ records .dr$ branch of the 0roctor cur!e/"  )easurements performed immediatel$ upon completion of compacting work that produces pore water pressure ma$ $ield data which are too low, and ma$ ha!e to be complemented b$ followup measurements" hanges to the reuirements of the minimum figures gi!en in Table 1 are sub6ect to prior appro!al of the e%pert ser!ice" To this end, comparati!e tests would ha!e to be conducted for reference" 4

"earing resistance reuirements in uality testing

Nualit$ testing within the meaning of this =uideline calls for application of the reuirements detailed in Table 1 .according to *' (>

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Track Formation *ependencies E ν& K+?mm@L

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1>>

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 M 1;

 M 1;

Formation *0r 

E ν& K+?mm@L

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 5ll other soil groups =E,=I,=#,= 'I?'#

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 M 1;

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! M 1 kmph E%isting railwa$ routes

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*ependencies

E νd K+?mm@ L

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5ll other soil groups =E,=I,=#,= 'I?'#  5ll other soil groups =E,=I,=#,= 'I?'#

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2earingresistance reuirements

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Formation protection la$ers prepared continuousl$ with material   1; must satisf$ the !alues for 0''  M 1;" #hen broken grain M (>H is added to natural mineral materials of cubic grain siBe, different !alues ha!e to be specified b$ geotechnical e%perts as a function of the material and the percentage added" It ma$ be necessar$ to conduct comparati!e test bed in!estigations prior to commencement of construction" This euall$ applies when 0'' .F''/ materials with la$er thicknesses  >"( meters are used" The following bearingresistance reuirements appl$ to formation treated with h$drated lime or uicklimeFor t$pe of route refer to 1" &" (" 4" ;" Table 1 E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L 'oil ≤ 4 h after  stabiliBed 4> (; (> (> &; compacting with lime M 4 h after  compacting 4; 4> (; (; (> ohesi!e soil impro!ed with uicklime

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Formation protection la$ers prepared continuousl$ with material   1; must satisf$ the !alues for 0''  M 1;" #hen broken grain M (>H is added to natural mineral materials of cubic grain siBe, different !alues ha!e to be specified b$ geotechnical e%perts as a function of the material and the percentage added" It ma$ be necessar$ to conduct comparati!e test bed in!estigations prior to commencement of construction" This euall$ applies when 0'' .F''/ materials with la$er thicknesses  >"( meters are used" The following bearingresistance reuirements appl$ to formation treated with h$drated lime or uicklimeFor t$pe of route refer to 1" &" (" 4" ;" Table 1 E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L E νd K+?mm@L 'oil ≤ 4 h after  stabiliBed 4> (; (> (> &; compacting with lime M 4 h after  compacting 4; 4> (; (; (> ohesi!e soil impro!ed with uicklime

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