[Zoo301] Muscles Oia
Short Description
Origin-Insertion-Action of Muscles (Cat)...
Description
Abdominal Muscles
Muscle External Oblique This is the large muscle constituting the outermost layer of the abdominal wall. Internal Oblique It is a short muscle lying beneath the more dorsal portion of the external oblique. Its fibers are directed obliquely downward and forward, and are continued by a very broad aponeurosis. Transverse Abdominis Its fibers are directed ventrally and slightly posteriorly. Rectus Abdominis
Chest Muscles
This is a long slender muscle on each side of the linea alba, extending from the pubic symphysis to the anterior part of the thorax. It is found inside of and between the aponeuroses of the preceding muscles. Pectoantibrachialis Anterior and most superficial of the chest muscles. Pectoralis Major Posterior to the pectoantibrachialis and extending anteriorly dorsal to the pectoantibrachialis, which should be cut across. Pectoralis Minor Posterior to the pectoralis major and covered in large part by the pectoralis major. Xiphihumeralis
Muscles of the Neck and Throat
A thin, flat, long muscle, passing from the xiphoid process of the sternum, its anterior part passing dorsal to the posterior part of the pectoralis minor. Sternomastoid This is the superficial muscle of the ventral side of the neck. A large vein, the external jugular vein, crosses its surface at an angle to the direction of its fibers. Sternohyoid The anterior ends of these muscles are visible between the two sternomastoids, as the cleidomastoid diverge from the median raphe. They extend in the median ventral line from the first costal cartilage to the body of the hyoid bone, the two being closely united in the median line. Cleidomastoid Long muscle passing from the head to the upper arm lateral to the sternomastoid. Extends from the clavicle, which will be found as a slender bone on the internal surface of the long muscle just mentioned at the level of the shoulder, to the mastoid process. Clavotrapezius and clavobrachial The long muscle on the side of the neck and passing over the ventral surface of the shoulder to the forearm is sometimes considered as one muscle, the cephalobrachial, or as two. In the latter case, it is known as the clavotrapezius and extends from the skull to the clavicle. The lower part from the clavicle to the forearm is the calvobrachialis. Masseter The great thick muscle covering the angle of the jaws situated in front of the submaxillary and parotid glands. A very tough shining fascia covers it. Temporal A great mass of muscle covered by a strong shining fascia occupying the temporal fossa of the skull, dorsal to the ear. Digastric The muscle lying along the medial surface of each
Origin Lumbodorsal fascia and posterior ribs by separate slips
Insertion Extensive neurosis which passes to the linea alba and also in the pubis Linea alba by the extensive aponeurosis
Action Constrictor of the abdomen
Second sheet of the lumbodorsal fascia and border of the pelvic girdle Anterior end of pubic symphysis
Linea alba by the extensive aponeurosis
Compressor of the abdomen
Sternum and costal cartilages
Retracts ribs and sternum and compresses abdomen
Manumbrium
Flat tendon on the fascia of the forearm
Draws the arm toward the chest
Sternum and median ventral raphe
Humerus
Draws the arm toward the chest
Sternum
Humerus
Draws the arm toward the chest
Xiphoid process of the sternum
Humerus
Draws the arm toward the chest
Median raphe and the manubrium of the sternum
On the skull from the lambdoidal ridge onto the mastoid process
Singly turn the head, together depresses head on neck
Second sheet of the lumbodorsal fascia and border of the pelvic girdle
Compressor of the abdomen
Draw the hyoid posteriorly
Clavicle
Sternomastoid
Pulls clavicle craniad or turns head, acting singly, or lowers head on neck
Clavicle and fibers of the clavotrapezius
Ulna
Flexor of the forearm
Zygomatic Arch
Posterior half of the lateral surface of the mandible
Elevator of the lower jaw
Side of the skull from the superior nuchal line to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone, and from part of the zygomatic arch Jugular and mastoid processes of the skull
Coronoid process of the mandible
Elevator of the jaw
Mandible
Depressor of the lower jaw
half of the mandible. It extends posteriorly internal to the submaxillary gland. Mylohyoid
Mandible
Median raphe
Raises floor of the mouth and brings hyoid forward
Mandible near the symphysis
Body of the hyoid
Draws the hyoid forward
A pair of long, slender muscles lying in the median line. Sternothyroid
Sternum
Thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Pulls the larynx posteriorly
Located on each side of the trachea, dorsal to the sternohyoids. Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
Posterior horn of the hyoid
Raises the larynx
From the neural spines of the last thoracic and most of the lumbar vertebrae and from the lumbodorsal fascia Spines of the thoracic vertebrae and passes forward obliquely forward Neural spines of the cervical and first thoracic vertebrae
Tendon on the medial surface of the humerus
Pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
Fascia of the scapula
Draws the scapula dorsad and caudad
Metacromion process and spine of the scapula and fascia of the preceding muscle Clavicle
Draws the scapula dorsad and holds the two scapula together
Metacromion process and neighboring fascia
Draws the scapula craniad
Neural spines of the vertebrae and adjacent ligaments
Ventral border of the scapula
Draws scapula dorsad
Superior nuchal line
Scapula
Draws the scapula craniad and rotates it
Middorsal line and fascia
Superior nuchal line
Raises or turns the head
Whole surface of the supraspinatus fossa
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Extends the humerus
Acromion process
Surface of other muscles of the shoulder
Raise and rotate the humerus
Spine of the scapula
Ridge (Deltoid ridge) of the humerus
Raise and rotate he humerus
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Rotates the humerus
Axillary border of the scapula and fascia of neighboring muscles
Common with latissimus dorsi on the medial surface of the humerus
Rotates the humerus and lowers it
Axillary border of the scapula
Greater tuberosity
Assists the infraspinatus
Subscapular fossa
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Pulls the humerus medially
Slips from the first nine or ten ribs and the
Scapula near the vertebral border
Draws the scapula craniad, ventrad, and
Thin transverse sheet passing across between the two digastrics from one half of the mandible to the other. Geniohyoid
Muscles of the Upper Back and Shoulder and Back of the Neck
Short, narrow muscle on each side of the thyroid cartilage Latissimus Dorsi The large flat muscle extending obliquely forward from the middle of the back to the upper arm. Spinotrapezius Posterior trapezius Acromiotrapezius Middle trapezius Clavotrapezius Anterior trapezius Levator Scapulae Ventralis Flat, bandlike muscle which passes anteriorly, diverging from the acromiotrapezius and passing internal to the clavotrapezius Rhomboideus Thick muscle beneath the spinotrapezius and acromiotrapezius extending from the vertebral border of the scapula to the middorsal line Rhomboideus Capitis Extends as a slender band forward Splenius Large sheet of muscle covering the back of the neck in front of the rhomboideus, internal to the trapezii and crossed by the rhomboideus capitis Supraspinatus stout muscle occupying the supraspinous fossa of the scapula Acromiodeltoid Short, thick muscle passing ventrally from the acromion process Spinodeltoid Muscle which passes to the upper arm, across the upper ends of the muscles of the upper arm Infraspinatus Two large muscles that are posterior to the scapula Teres Major The stout muscle immediately behind the Infraspinatus, its fibers running in the same direction. Teres Minor On the posterior border of the infraspinatus and somewhat covered by it Subscapularis Occupies the subscapular fossa and covers the inner or medial surface of the surface Serratus Ventralis
Superior nuchal line and median dorsal line of neck Transverse process of the atlas and occipital bone
Draws the clavicle dorsad and craniad
A large, fan-shaped muscle extending from the ventral border of the scapula to the sides of the thorax and neck. Serratus Dorsalis
Upper Arm Muscles
against the thoracic wall
Last ribs
Draw the ribs forward
Draws the ribs forward and bend the neck
Draw the ribs back again
The anterior part of this muscle arises by a number of fleshy slips from the ribs near the angles. The posterior part of this muscle consists of a few slips lying under the latissimus dorsi. Scalenes
Ribs
Long muscles seen in the chest wall ventral to the origin of the serratus ventralis and in front of the anterior boundary of the external oblique External Intercostals
Ribs
Transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae, uniting anteriorly into one band Ribs
Their fibers run obliquely backward and downward. Internal Intercostals
Ribs
Ribs
The fibers run obliquely forward and downward. Longissimus dorsi
Serratus Ventralis
Median part Iliocostalis
Transverse processes of the vertebrae
Ribs
Prominent tendons
Distal end of the humerus
Lateral surface of the ulna
Strengthens the elbow joint
Latissimus dorsi
Olecranon
Tending to rotate the ulna
Glenoid fossa
Radius
Flexor of the forearm
Lateral surface of the humerus
Ulna
Flexor of the forearm
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and semilunar notch of the ulna Lateral surface of humerus above the lateral epicondyle
Proximal end of fifth metacarpal Tendon passes internal to wrist ligaments
Extends fifth digit and ulnar side of wrist Extends three or four digits
Lateral surface of humerus above the lateral epicondyle Middle of humerus
Tendon passes internal to wrist ligaments
Extends three or four digits
Lower end of radius and adjacent ligaments
Rotates hand to supine position
Humerus near other extensors
Second and third metacarpals
Extends hand
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Radius
Rotates radius to prone position
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Second and third metacarpals
Flexes these metacarpals
Medial epicondyle of humerus
Flexor of digits
Ulna and humerus
Flat tendon passes through wrist ligaments and divides into four or five tendons Basal phalanges
Olecranon process of the ulna
Pisiform bone of the wrist
Flexes ulnar side of wrist
Ventral part Triceps brachii (aconeus) In the cat, there is also a small fourth part of the triceps, a small triangular muscle at the elbow joint, covered by the distal end of the lateral head. Epitrochlearis (Extensor antibrachii) A thin sheet located on the medial side of the long head Biceps brachii Visible only after cutting the insertions of the pectoral muscles. Brachialis
Forearm Muscles
anterior part (sometimes called levator scapulae) from the tranverse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae Aponeurosis from the median dorsal line
Lateral to the biceps, in contact with the lateral head of the triceps. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris The first muscle preaxial to the ulna Extensor Digitorum Lateralis Next to the extensor carpi ulnaris, going toward the preaxial side Extensor Digitorum Communis Next to the extensor digitorum lateralis Brachioradialis (Supinator Longus) Next to the extensor digitorum communis on the preaxial border of the forearm, but loose and standing away from the underlying extensor Extensor Carpi Radialis Underlies the brachioradialis and extends onto the inner or medial surface of the arm. Pronator Teres Next to the extensor carpi radialis longus and somewhat under it Flexor Carpi Radialis Lies next to, and mostly under pronator teres Palmaris Longus Flat muscle forming outer surface of forearm next to flexor carpi radialis Flexor Profundus Digitorum This is the complex muscle which lies under the palmaris longus and projects to he radial side of it. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Bring the ribs forward
General flexor of the fingers
Thigh Muscles
This consists of two nearly separate muscles which form the ulnar border of the forearm from the medial view. Tensor Fasciae Latae
Ilium and neighboring fascia
Fascia Lata
Tightens the fascia lata
Tuberosity of the ischium
Patella and tibia by a tendon, and the fascia of the shank
Abductor of the thigh and flexor of the shank
Transverse processes of the second and third caudal vertebrae
Muscle passes ventrally, concealed by the anterior margin of the biceps femoris
Abductor of the thigh, extensor of the shank
Fascia and transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
Fascia lata and to a slight extent on the greater trochanter
Abductor of the thigh
Adjacent fascia, crest of the ilium, and lateral surface of the ilium, and transverse processes of the last sacral and first caudal vertebrae Crest and ventral border of the ilium
Strong tendon on the greater trochanter of the femur
Abductor of the thigh
Greater trochanter and surface of the femur
Proximal end of the tibia and the patella and the fascia and ligaments between Patella and adjacent ligaments
Adductor and rotator of the thigh and extensor of the shank Extensor of the shank
Ilium near the acetabulum
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Extensor of the shank
Femur
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Extensor of the shank
Surface of the femur
Patella and adjacent ligaments
Extensor of the shank
Ichial and pubic symphysis
Aponeurosis which passes to the tibia
Adductor of the leg
Pubis
Femur
Adductor of the thigh
It consists of three muscles passing from the median ventral line to the femur. Adductor Femoris
Pubis
Femur
Adductor of the thigh
Middle muscular mass Semimembranosus
Ischium
Extensor of the thigh
The large posterior part of mass, covered by the gracilis. Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
Medial Epicondyle of the femur and proximal end of the tibia Tibia
Thick triangular muscle located in dorsal part of tough fascia. Biceps Femoris This is the large muscle on the lateral surface of the thigh posterior to the fascia lata and covering more than half of the surface of the thigh. Caudofemoralis A narrow flat muscle passing from the side of the root of the tail toward the dorsal end of the biceps femoris Gluteus Maximus A thin, flat muscle immediately anterior to the caudofemoralis that is imbedded in the fascia and is continuous with the tensor fasciae latae anteriorly Gluteus Medius The very large, triangular muscle immediately in front of the gluteus maximus and partly covered by it Sartorius This muscle forms the anterior margin from the lateral view of the thigh. Vastus Lateralis The large stout muscle which was covered by the fascia lata Rectus Femoris Stout muscle lying on its medial side and covered externally by the sartorius Vastus Medialis On the medial side of the thigh posterior to the rectus femoris Vastus Intermedius A muscle seen deep down, next to the shaft of the femur Gracilis This is the large, flat muscle forming the posterior half of the medial surface of the thigh. Adductor Longus
The most posterior muscle of the thigh, posterior to the semimembranosus. Tenuissimus A narrow, long muscle beneath the biceps femoris Shank Muscles
Tibialis Anterior
Transverse processes of the second caudal vertebrae Proximal parts of tibia and fibula
Most ventral muscle, whose ventral border is in contact with the tibia
Extensor Digitorum Longus This is the muscle next dorsal to the tibialis anterior
Lateral epicondyle of the femur
On the same fascia as the insertion of the biceps (fascia of the shank) Strong tendon, which should be traced into the foot, where it will be found to pass obliquely to the medial side of the foot to be inserted on the first metatarsal Stout tendon, which if followed into the foot is found to diverge into
Flexor of the shank
Flexor of the foot
Extensors and flexors of the foot
on the lateral surface of the shank. Peroneus These are next dorsal to the extensor digitorum longus. Gastrocnemius This is the large muscle forming the posterior or caudal surface of the shank. It has two large portions, one on the medial surface, and the other on the lateral surface of the shank. The lateral head is divisible into four heads. Soleus A flat muscle in contact with the peroneus muscles ventrally. It tapers abruptly to a tendon, which joins the gastrocnemius. Plantaris
Fibula
Immediately dorsal to the bone which consists of two parts, somewhat separated. Tibialis Posterior It is the long tendon between the two parts of the flexor digitorum longus.
Extensors and flexors of the foot
Surface fascia, the femur and the tendon and fascia of the plantaris muscle
Strong tendon, which passes to the heel bone (calcaneus)
Extensor of the foot
Fibula
Calcaneus
Extensor of the foot
Patella and femur
Thick tendon which passes in the middle of a sort of tube formed by the tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus onto the ventral surface of the calcaneus Digits
Flexor of the digits
Scaphoid and medial cuneiform of the ankle
Extensor of the foot
Large muscle lying between the two heads of the gastrocnemius, which practically enclose it.
Flexor Digitorum Longus
four tendons, one of which is inserted on each digit Metatarsals and digits
Tibia, fibula, and adjacent fascia Fibula, tibia, and fascia
Flexor of the digits
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