Zomi tangthu_Burmese Version.pdf

at'D(1900)rwdkifrD twdkcsHK; &mZ0ifqef;ppfcsuf bDpD(2000) ,if;tcsdefwGif bdk;bGm;rsm;onf wdAufw-kd bm;rm;rsm;ESifh w½kwjf ynfajrmufyikd ;f uefp;kd ckr?f vefcsKd NrKd UteD;? wmtdak csmif;ab;0ef;usiw f iG f aexdik cf o hJ nf[k ,lq&onf/ á bDpD 1027- 256 w½kwjf ynf Zdk (Jo) OD;aqmifcchJ sed f bDp-D 221-207 w½kwjf ynfü acgif;aqmif (csi;f tifyg,m)csed f bDp(D 4) ucsiEf iS fh Zdrk ;D wdYk aygufzmG ;&mbd;k bGm;rsm;udk [efcse;f (cs-D tefwpfuikd ;f )ESifh w½kwjf ynf? qDZifcse;f 0ef;usiüf aexdik cf MhJ uonf/ á bDpD-1 rJacgifESifh ZefoJacsmif;zsm;a'oüaexdkifonf/ ysLrsm;u jrefrmjynfodkY SriKsetra NrdKU wnfaxmif/ ZdkrD;wdkYonf bk&m;BuD;&Gm wnfaxmifonf/ á at'D-4 csed üf Zdrk ;D rsm;onf ydu k q f (H wum)oH;k pGNJ y;D jzpfrnf[k ,lqonf/ á at'D-6csed w f iG f csi;f wGi;f ajrjyefaY 'ow0du k w f iG f aexdik cf MhJ uonf/ á at'D-108 yk*H(Pugam) ykyÜg;(Pupa)awmifw0dkufwGif aexdkifNyD; (Dahpa, Penglam)wdkY acwfpm;csed f jzpfygonf/ á at'D-600 csdef ysLwdkYonf jrefrmvlrsdK;jzpf? uefYZm;rsm; &efZm;rsm; zmcdkif;vlrsdK;jzpfNyD; oufvrl sKd ;rsm;onf csi;f (Zdrk ;D ) cH,o l nf/ á at'D-750 Zdrk ;D wdo Yk nf rif;bl;? o&uf? atmifvH (Myede) á 1044 csed f Zdrk ;D rsm; uabmfcsKid 0hf rS ;f a'oa&muf/ crf;ywf&mG wnfaxmif(crf;ywfonf Zdrk ;D rsKd ;EG,pf k wnfaxmifaom&Gmjzpfrnf) crf;ywf&Gmonf ajrjyefYa'oESifh awmifay:a'o qufpyfaom awmifay:a'o pwif&mae&mjzpfojzihf crf;ywf[k orkwjf cif;jzpfEidk o f nf/ awmifay:a'otac: crf;ywf qo kd nfrmS Zdrk ;D rsm;uom ac:qdo k nf/ ,if;a'ow0du k w f iG f tcsed Mf umjrifph mG aexdik Mf uonf/ á 1084 taemf&xmrS Sukte udk tEdkif,lNyD; tpdk;&tmPm&Sdjzpfvm/ 1200-50 usefppfom; ZeD;jzpfol Thambulaonfvnf; Zdrk ;D rsKd ;EG,jf zpfonf/ á 1254 ckEpS w f ek ;f u uReaf wmfwYkd bd;k bGm;rsm;odYk crf;ywf&mG wGif anmifyif wpfyifpu kd yf sK;d xm;&S&d m ,cktcsed x f d crf;ywf&mG wGif &Syd gonf/ á 1250-1300 em&oD[ywd\ZeD; rdz&k m;aqm (Zdrk ;D )EG,jf zpfonf/ á 1355 csif;awmifa&muf usdrfEGJ&Gm wnfaxmif/ ,if;tcsdef acgif;aqmifrsm;rSm aqmifxdk;? aqmifZm;? aqmifuyd w f jYkd zpfonf/

Zolai pan Kawl kam aa let (Kamphen): Pu Khai Kham (Chin State Government, Hakha), Laigual&Endik: John Thang Za Khual (Chin State Government, Hakha), Tangthu Endik: Pu Kim En Mang (AD-Retd,GAD,MOHA): Computer Laigual: Kimmang, Suasing, John Zomi)

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á 1364 Leng Tong Hoih tif;0 rif;uawmfjzpf/ Zdrk sKd ;EG,f tudik ;f ozG,f Maring rsKd ;EG,pf rk sm; rPdy&l e,fa&muf&rdS nf[k cefrY eS ;f um? Aef;wJ(h tpyxr ckrEf )JG pwifrnf[k cefrY eS ;f &onf/ á 1370- at'D csi;f wGi;f jrpfurf; csKH E, G af 'oü Zdrk ;D EG,pf rk sm; &Sr;f rsKd ;EG,rf sm;ESihf twlwuG aexdik u f m ppfuikd ;f ? rH&k mG ? 'Dy, J if;? ,if;rmyif? rif;wdik yf if? ykv?J *efaY *g? ayguf? xD;vif;? iyJa'orsm;ü aexdik Nf y;D ? pDbmeD&mG ü Zd½k ;k d &mewfwikd (f 15)ay&Snf ,aeYxd jrifawGUEdik /f 1400csed f aumufcif;? uav;(&mZN*Kd v-f &JqmZdk)a'oa&muf&Sd/ 1450-700csdefwGif ZdkrD;EG,fpkwcsdKUonf oD&yl&e,fa&mufESifh aernf[k cefrY eS ;f onf/ ([mvrf;? [&efaumuf? 'g&favmifuikd ;f yJepf ojzif)h vl½idI ;f vifwefEiS hf wD,Mdk um;a'oü aexdkif? 1400-1500 Thang Ho & Lian Do, Cing Khup & Ngam Bawm, Gal Ngam & Hang Sai wdo Yk nf usrd Ef ?JG *Jvw f ;DG üaexdik cf MhJ uygonf/ á 1500? 1250-1900 ud, k v hf rl sKd ;uk, d ahf cgif;aqmif? &GmwnfoEl iS fh apmfbmG ;rsm; acgif;aqmifNy;D tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m pmayr&Sad o;ojzihf &mZ0ifrw S w f rf;rSw&f m r&SEd ikd yf g/ á 1570 csed f Zosuan ''Anal'' rsm; rPdyül a&muf&rdS nf[k ,lq&/ 1600 csed cf efY a*G;wJ yla*G;refrS wD;'drNf rKd U pwifwnf/ 1700csed f vl½idI ;f (Lushei) ESihf Paite vlrsKd ;rsm;u wDtadk csmif; jzwfoef;oGm;cJ/h á 1720-1730 tavmif;bk&m;rif;rS csi;f wyfpak qmif;um qD;&D;,m;(Syrian)Edik if u H sL;ausmcf o hJ nf/ á 1750-1850 xm'd-k ulu;D ESihf rPdy&l e,f a&mufEiS ahf eonf/ Biate vlrsKd ;EG,pf o k nf Chachar a'oa&muf&adS eonf[k cefrY eS ;f ,lq&onf/ á 1775csdef vdkifrsdK;EG,fpkonf rDZdka'oe,f a&muf&SdNyD;jzpfrnf[k ,lq/ 1777 Lushei rsKd ;EG,pf w k o Ykd nf rsKd ;EG,pf t k yd af qmif(Zawlbuk Sawm) pwifNy;D jzpf/ 1800csed f csi;f aqmifrsKd ;EG,pf rk S ppfwaumif; usL;ausmw f u kd cf u kd /f á 1813 Zma[muf? acGgifvD;wdkYESifh yl;aygif;NyD; xm'dke,f udkurf;a[mufrS odrf;ydkuftkyfpdk;? wdik q f eG ;f (zvrf;)EG,rf S vd;k azodr;f ydu k ?f wdik q f eG ;f rS acgqyf qufwu kd ?f Zma[mufEiS hf acGgifv;D EG,w f Ykd ppfjzpf? wdik q f eG ;f wdrYk S rGgvfErG ;f ppfwu kd /f [GmvfiEkd iS hf pkwo f J(sukte) ppfjzpf/ á 1820csdef odu©mawmf& Adoniram Judson ,k'oef jrefrmjynfa&muf/ olYrS yxrqHk; jrefrmjynf\ {0Ha*vdq&mjzpfonf/ á 1830-850csed f [wfvefY ylref*ifh (Mangkua) wD;'drüf tajcjyK/ wD;'dref ,f&dS tm;oef&mG olBu;D ESihf emrnfBu;D &ol(9)OD;rS wD;'drf ref*if(h [wfvef-Y Aef;wJ)h ykr*f -kd (a*G;wJ'rd yf ;D ) tJvx f rG ;f (Naulak qdik ;f Zef)? 0kefYAsJvf;([wfa,m? umvvfZef)? qkef[ef(xefa'G;)? refqGrf;(axmrf;oJ? acgqyf)? rwfawGmif (galphual - xkwv f ikd )f ? qGi;f xkw(f qkr;f anmif;-vdrcf ikd )f ? edwaf wGmif? 1856 csed f wD;'drNf rKd U jyefwnf/ rGmvfbrJ ;f rS wD;'dro f Ykd urf;a[mufonf rGvb f rJ ;f rS wD;'dro f Ykd jyefa&muf/ &GmolBu;D ylurf;a[muf? ppfa&; ylref*if?h twGi;f a&;rSL;? ylacGvrfw h rYkd S Meitei(rPdy&l )f ppfyt JG Edik , f cl o hJ nf/ Zolai pan Kawl kam aa let (Kamphen): Pu Khai Kham (Chin State Government, Hakha), Laigual&Endik: John Thang Za Khual (Chin State Government, Hakha), Tangthu Endik: Pu Kim En Mang (AD-Retd,GAD,MOHA): Computer Laigual: Kimmang, Suasing, John Zomi)

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á 1856-1859 urf;a[mufEiS hf Za[muf vufwu JG mrPdyl tkycf sKycf /hJ 1857 ta&SUESihf taemuf usL;ausmf ppfqifcsed jf zpf/ á 1862(rD;Zdka'orS) wD;'D wkdufcdkuf&eftwGuf Meitei ppfwyf (1500)csDwufapNyD; MeiteirS ppf½;HI / Zdrk ;D ESifh Meitei yxrqH;k wdu k yf jJG zpfonf/ G af cgif;yg;)csed f yxrqk;H cHpm;&onf/ á 1871 Mautam (iwfrw f eG /f á 1872 a*G;wJ apmfbmG ;*dak cgxeftm; MeiteitzGUJ rSzrf;f qD;/ 1872csed f zdik yf ;D tcsKycf ef;üuG,v á 1876(yxrtBurd f Vaikhan) (t*Fvyd pf pfwyfLushei e,foYkd yxrqH;k 0ifa&mufp;D eif;) a*G;wJ apmfbGm;ylqGrf;urf;ESifh Meitei Lengmangpa wdkYNidrf;csrf;a&;jyKvkyf? a*G;wJrsdK;EG,f (2000)cefY tifzm;a'oa&muf&cdS o hJ nf/ á 1886Mu,fa