Zolai Grammar ( Zomi Nam)

LUNGDAM KOHNA LEH THUMNA Hih laibu hong piankhiat theih nadingin, hong gualzawhpih ih Topa Pasian tung ah lungdam na ka ko masa hi. Liabu a at masa Sia Cin Sian Pau tung leh a lawm te tung ah zong ka lungdam mahmah hi. A diakdiak in, Computer hong zang sak Sia U Phy Win leh Tg Kiim Mang tungah zong lungdam na ka ko hi. Hih Paunam khenna leh kampau luanzia laibu pen Sia Cin Sian Pau at sa ka lak kik hi a, khialhna a omleh tua khempeuh kong thum hi. hih laibu pen sumbawl na dinga ki khen kik hi lo-in, hoih ka sak mahmah man-in ka sim ding leh kep ding a ka lak kik hi. A sim kha mi mal kim in zong deih ding in hong lam en ing. Zomi leh Zolai a it,

Lia Cingsen

ASUNGA OMTE (ZON OLNA) No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Athu Sinna I Sinna II Sinna III Sinna IV Sinna V Sinna VI Sinna VII Sinna VIII Sinna IX Sinna X Sinna XI Sinna XII Sinna XIII Sinna XIV Sinna XV Sinna XVI Sinna XVII Sinna XVIII Sinna XIX Sinna XX Sinna XXI Sinna XXII Sinna XXIII Sinna XXIV Sinna XXV Sinna XXVI Sinna XXVII Sinna XXVIII Sinna XXIX Sinna XXX

Laimai 1-5 6-7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16-17 18-19 20 21-22 23 24-25 26 28-30 31-35 36-41 42-46 47-48 49-52 53-60 61-64 65-69 70-75 76-81 82-87 88-99

31. 32. 33. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.

Sinna XXXI Sinna XXXII Sinna XXXIII Laimal kibang, khiatna tampi Lai-aw nih awngin khat Zomite pianna thu Gambup ni thu Zominamni a hong pian khiatna tangthu Khuadopawi thu Zongeina leh biakna Innteekt Tavuan Mokhak sahawmna Sakuang khen Khanken kawsah hawmna laangkhakna ‘Adaak’ Naukuun Hihneih Gal-aih sa-Gaihna Sial ngetna leh naucing goihna Sa kigawhna Zuhawm dan Zupan Nuhkaa ni, lawm hawmna Sa kigawh zuhawmna Zo nambatte A lam a simna Zawma nambatte Kha minte Nipikal minte Hun khenna Asau tehna Area Tehna Agik Tehna Sum simna A sau Tehna

100-105 106-114 115-118 119-120 121 122-123 124 125-126 127-130 131-136 137-138 139 140 141-143 144 145 146 146 147 147 147 148 148 148 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 152 153

63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80.

A Gik Tehna Ni khat tunkhenna Kimawlna nam tuamtuam te Naupangla, nau oihla, Daakla leh phit la aw sagih aw tawh a kisa naupangla Nau oihla Daakla Phiitla Zomite khangkua kizopna min ki leh bulhte Paunak leh A khiatna Lakamleha cihnop Min lawhna Khat lawhna Kam ki leh bulh Tehpih kammal ‘bang’ A pawl cing sak Kammalte Kammal zatte

SSSSSSSSSS

153 153 154 155 156 156 158 159 159 161-164 165-167 168 169 170-171 172-173 174-175 176-181 182-184

SINNA - I

KIHOPIHNALA

LAIMAL BULPITE (ALPHABETS)

/d

Zolai sungah Laimal namnih om a, laimal gol leh laimal neu a hi hi. LAIMAL GOLTE (CAPITAL LETTERS) ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ LAIMAL NEUTE (SMALL LETTERS)

/m

:r

/d

A

B

C

/d

;d

H

ABC LA :l,

:-

Hallo, Dammaw, /d’

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

.d

.d’

/m.m:-

/s

Hallo

Hallo

Hallo

Dammaw

Dammaw

/m .m :-

/d .d :-

Dammaw :-

/s .s

/d’ .d’ :-

Hallo

Hallo

Hallo

Hallo

Dammaw

Dammaw

Dammaw

Dammaw

.s /m :d

/m .m :s

.s /m :d

glad to meet you,we areglad to

meet you.

/m

.m

:s

/d

:d

/d

We are

D

E

F

G

Ih kimuh lungdam

/t,

:l,

/s,

:s,

/s,

I

J

K

L

M

N

/r

:r

/r

:t,

/r

:r

/r

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

/s,

:s,

/l,

:t,

/d

:-

/-

X

Y

Z

:-

:-

.s:-

un, Ih

kituah

lungdamun.

:-

r V

:W

1

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

2

LAIMUNGTE (CONSONANTS) LEHAWSUAKSAKTHEILAIMALTE (VOWELS)

mahmah hong piang thei leuleu hi. Tu-in tuate khempeuh abanban in ih sinta ding hi.

Laimungte: B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th. Aw suaksak thei laimalte (Vowels): a, e, i, o, u, aw a e i o u aw ah eh ih oh uh awh ai ei ii oi ui awi ak ek ik ok uk awk al el i1 o1 ul awl am em im om um awm an en in on un awn ap ep ip op up awp at et it ot ut awt au eu iu ou uu awu ang eng ing ong ung awng aih eih iih oih uih awih alh e1h ilh olh ulh awlh auh euh iuh ouh uuh awuh ia ua iah uah iai uai iak uak ial ual iam uam ian uan iap uap iat uat iau uau iang uang

Atomin: Laimungte kici, khat beka Awsuakthei lote ahi, B C D F G H J KLMNPQRSTV W X Y Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th-te leh a tunga Awsuaksak teng khempeuh ih gawm ciangin Zolai, Zopau namkim kingah pah ding hi. Laimungte lakah ei Zolai leh Zopau a, kizang khollo laimungte in : F J Q R X Y te ahi hi. Hihte leh Awsuaksak te pen a kisam banga, akisap hunhun a, gawmtawm a zat theih ding ahi hi. A tunga Awsuaksakte in, aw suaksak thei a, Laimungte tawh ih gawm ciangin, khiatna nei kammal hong piang theipan hi. Hih a tunga teng ii aw suahdan ngahkhin peuh leng, Laimungte tawh i gawm ciangin zong bang mah haksatna om tuanlo ding hi. A tunga Awsuaksakte aw bulphuhin, Laimungte aw tawh gawmleng Zopau, Zolai, kammal hoih mahmah hong piang ding ahi hi. Ih Zolai ih Zopau kammalte pen a tunga Awsuaksak teng leh Laimung teng gawm khin thei peuh leng kammal kisam dang om nawn loin, a kim pahlian dinga, kibawl ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS

Hih a tunga teng pen, Awsuaksak thei laimalte hi a, a mai ah Laimungte kici, khat bek a awsuak thei lo laimalte bulh lehang, kammal hoih mahmah hong piangpah hi. Tua banah, hih aw suaksak thei laimalte mai-ah, Laimungte ahi khat beka aw suak thei lo laimalte lakpan, ‘Ng’ ahi zongin, ‘Kh’ ahi zongin, ‘Ph’ ahi zongin, ‘Th’ahi zongin, ih behlap ciangin kammal hoih 3

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

4

PHAWK DING: Sinna II pan XVII kikal pen Zolai Laimungte leh Awsuaksak theite gawm a, kammal bawlna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin hih sunga om laigualte pen ih simkhit na ciangciang a huam dinga kibawl ahi hi. Gentehna-in Sinna 11 na-ah Laimungte leh Awsuaksak theite ahi: a,e,i,o,u, aw te gawma a kingah kammalte tawh laigual kibawl ahi hi. Ih sin nai loh, ah, eh, ih, oh, A awh te tawh kibawl kammalte kizang thei nai lo hi. 1. Ka pa’ ta ka hi hi. (√) 2. Ka pa tawh ka om hi. (x) Banghanghiam cih leh nambat nihna-a “tawh” thu kisin nai lo ahih man hi. Tua mah bangin adangte zong, ih sinna ciangciang a huam dinga laigual kibawl ahih lam phawk ciat ni.

5

Paunam Khenna Leh

SINNA II Kammal apian theihna dingin, Awsuaksak thei laimalte leh khatkia a aw suak thei lo laimalte ih gawm tading hi. a Ba Ca Da Ga Ha Ka La Ma Na Pa Sa Ta 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

e i Be Bi Ce Ci De Di Ge Gi He Hi Ke Ki Le Li Me Mi Ne Ni Pe Pi Se Si Te Ti Alu a to hi. Bi a po zo hi. Be a su hi. Ci va la ve. Dopi kha ni a sa hi. Ga a la hi. Gutate a bu hi. Ka ta a migi hi. Ka mo a gi hi. Haza va la hi. Ni a sa hi. Tho a na hi. Mawtaw ka mu hi. Lono po zo lo hi.

Kampau Luanzia

o Bo Co Do Go Ho Ko Lo Mo No Po So a:

u Bu Cu Du Gu Hu Ku Lu Mu Nu Pu Su

aw Baw Caw Daw Gaw Haw Kaw Law Maw Naw Paw Saw

6

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Kapu’tupa ka hi hi . Vasabu ka mu hi. A u’aw a za hi. Sazaw a ta hi. Zomi ka hi hi. Zi a pi zo hi. Mubu ka mu hi. Mo ka pi zo hi. Ngasa a ne hi. Kha a de hi. A khe a na hi.

SINNA III ah

A

ih

oh

uh

awh

Bah Cah Dah Gah Hah Kah

Beh Ceh Deh Geh Heh Keh

Bih Cih Dih Gih Hih Kih

Boh Coh Doh Goh Hoh Koh

Buh

Bawh Cawh Dawh Gawh, Hawh Kawh

Cuh Duh Guh Huh Kuh

Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Ph, Kh, Th dongbawl in. A tunga laimalte laigual a zatna: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

SSSSSSSSSS

Lo ah buhtuh a huh hi. Zato ah zaa a nuh hi. Gah leh teh kane hi. Ih meh ci na sawh ve. A u buh tuh a huh hi. Mi cimawhte a hehpih hi. Hih lawh na dawh ve. Ala! Ka cihmah ahi veh leh. A behpa a huh hi. Saseh a la hi. A pi a dah mahmah hi. Tano a zahla hi. Lo ahuh a, a zawh pih hi. Sameh a ne hi. Be a kheh hi.

SSSSSSSSSS

7

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

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SINNA IV

SINNA V

ai ei ii oi ui awi Bai Bei Bii Boi Bui Bawi Cai Cei Cii Coi Cui Cawi Dai Dei Dii Doi Dui Dawi Gai Gei Gii Goi Gui Gawi Hai Hei Hii Hoi Hui Hawi Kai Kei Kii Koi Kui Kawi Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Zola a awi hi. Sa a ai hi. Mei a tawh hi. Pawi-ah a pai hi. Daitui a kai hi. Lawi nawi a ne hi. Neino a nui hi. Buh a gawi hi. Tawikhaina tawh a teh hi. Mai a gah hi. Mui a kipei hi. Kapa in ngawi a dawh hi. SSSSSSSSSS

ak Bak Cak Dak Gak Hak Kak

ek Bek Cek Dek Gek Hek Kek

ik Bik Cik Dik Gik Hik Kik

ok Bok Cok Dok Gok Hok Kok

uk Buk Cuk Duk Guk Huk Kuk

awk Bawk Cawk Dawk Gawk Hawk Kawk

Hih bangin L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Akbubah ah ak a tui hi. Sakuh a total hi. Toknai ah vasa a awk hi. Vuk lakah pak po zolo hi. Kapi’ nik kikek zota hi. Unok a pakta hi. Lo-ah buk a lam hi. Sektawh siik kiseek hi. Cik lakah aisa a sawk hi. Mihaipa a mawkvak hi. Nungakte a kikawi uh hi. Saihapak a ngo mahmah hi. Bull lakah ga a khan hi. Phihtu a pakta hi. Thuhkikna in Topa’a ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS

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Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

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SINNA VI al Bal Cal Dal Gal Hal

el Bel Cel Del Gel Hel

il Bil Cil Dil Gil Hil

ol Bol Col Dol Gol Hol

SINNA VII ul Bul Cul Dul Gul Hul

awl Bawl Cawl Dawl Gawl Hawl

Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in, A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Bel tawh tui a tawi hi. 2. Kelldai a kai hi. 3. Gal a do hi. 4. Kawlkai a to hi. 5. Pawlpi a huh hi. 6. Dainawlah ak a ta hi. 7. Gul a mu hi. 8. Lo a hal hi. 9. Sa a sol hi. 10. A zawlpa a hawh hi. 11. Sihlu a lal hi. 12. Mainul a lei hi. 13. Mehlei a bawl hi. 14. Pilna sumtawh kilei zolo hi. 15. Thupha na bawl in. 16. Sakol a khih hi. 17. Kawl tuikhuk a thuk mahmah hi.

am Bam Cam Dam Gam Ham

em Bem Cem Dem Gem Hem

im Bim Cim Dim Gim Him

om Bom Com Dom Gom Hom

um Bum Cum Dum Gum Hum

awm Bawm Cawm Dawm Gawm Hawm

Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. Zam a tum hi. 2. Humpi a hawk hi. 3. Dum a to hi. . Samsih nih ka nei hi. 5. Saipi a gol mahmah hi. 6. A sam a nimvom hi. 7. Vaimimlum a bawl hi. 8. Kawlgamah tui a tam hi. 9. Lawmbawm na nei maw? 10. Tawhbom a kem hi. 11. Mipilte kamtam lo hi. 12. Momno, aino tam mahmah hi. 13. Tai sawm tai kidem hi. 14. Vamim a ham hi. 15. Nipipak a ngum ta hi. 16. Uipi leh saguh bawk, ki ci hi. 17. Lo za kho a an a khom hi. SSSSSSSSSS

SSSSSSSSSS 11

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

12

SINNA VIII

SINNA IX

an en in on un awn Ban Ben Bin Bon Bun Bawn Can Cen Cin Con Cun Cawn Dan Den Din Don Dun Dawn Gan Gen Gin Gon Gun Gawn Han Hen Hin Hon Hun Hawn Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th d ong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. Mawhna thaman sihna ahi hi. 2. Tano in a nu a en hi. 3. Bum a leh hi. 4. Tho in kha nih a nei hi. 5. Theigah a minta hi. 6. Lokhopa in khai ci a vawh hi. 7. Ngen tawh ngasa a khuh hi. 8. Ngal hapaksa tumkik lo hi. 9. Ka nu-in khi a ok hi. 10. Phalbi lai-in vuk a khal hi. 11. Ka pi-in khi a khil hi. 12. Kanteh a kan hi. 13. Dainawl ah nin a pai hi. 14. Sengam ah mi a tam hi. 15. Van ah aksi a om hi. 16. Zun a tha hi. 17. Kham leh Ngun a manpha mahmah hi. 18. Lui gei-a sing po a awn hi. 19. Innka dawnah a tu hi. 20. Laibu a lem/phen hi. 13

ap ep ip op up awp Bap Bep Bip Bop Bup Bawp Cap Cep Cip Cop Cup Cawp Dap Dep Dip Dop Dup Dawp Gap Gep Gip Gop Gup Gawp Hap Hep Hip Hop Hup Hawp Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. Akpi a op hi. 2. A nu’ nasep a huh hi. 3. Hap in a bii hi. 4. Nasa in a kap hi. 5. Upmawh thu gen kei-in. 6. Cippi in si a dawn hi. 7. Tui lakah a pap hi. 8. Phil ngahmun ah a ngap hi. 9. A pu si a, a kap hi. 10. Zateep leh zudawn kideek ni. 11. Sik-hup in sik bek a hup thei hi. 12. Lupna bawl a, a lum hi. 13. A inn keh a, a phop hi. SSSSSSSSSS

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

14

SINNA X

SINNA XI

at et it ot ut awt Bat Bet Bit Bot But Bawt Cut Cawt Cat Cet Cit Cot Dat Det Dit Dot Dut Dawt Gat Get Git Got Gut Gawt Hat Het Hit Hot Hut Hawt Hih bangin K, L, M, N, P, S, T, V, Z, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bnawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna1. Tem tawh moh a at hi. 2. A u ot a za hi. 3. A nu in tano a it hi. 4. A sarn a met hi. 5. Be a bot hi. 6. Datmei a de hi. 7. Nasemte na gawtbawl kei in. 8. Itna in hehpihna tawh kidim hi. 9. Ka pu-in pat a kap hi. 10. Ka pi-in patkol tawh pat a hek hi. 11. Hellgam in gawt mun ahi hi. 12. Migitna in pilna ahi hi. 13. Kitotna in haina ahi hi. 14. Nget in vaimirn a ne hi. 15. Khetphim na kheen ve. 16. Phiit a muut hi. 17. Tu ni-in kigi kiphut hi. 18. Ka pi-in ga abut hi. SSSSSSSSSS 15

Paunam Khenna Leh

au eu iu ou Bau Beu Biu Bou Cau Ceu Ciu Cou Dau Deu Diu Dou Gau Geu Giu Gou Hau Heu Hiu Hou Kau Keu Kiu Kou Lau Leu Liu Lou Mau Meu Miu Mou Nau Neu Niu Nou Pau Peu Piu Pou Sau Seu Siu Sou Tau Teu Tiu Tou Vau Veu Viu Vou Zau Zeu Ziu Zou Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dongin bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna:1. Vau a pakta hi. 2. Seu tawh an a teh hi. 3. Midikte a daupai hi. 4. Vaimimgau a hau hi. 5. Galkapte a pai deudeu hi. 6. Ka nau a neu lai hi. 7. Innkiu ah kawlgit a bu hi. 8. Lozau ah mai a gah hi. 9. Ka pu teipi a sau hi. 10. Haigah a heu hi. 11. Zalui tuizeu in meiset kipeisak hi. 12. Galkapte in than a tawi hi. 13. Ngau mei a sau hi. Kampau Luanzia

uu(awu) Buu Cuu Duu Guu Huu Kuu Luu Muu Nuu Puu Suu Tuu Vuu Zuu

16

14. 15.

Zawhngeu in zusa a man hi. Naungek a cina a, a nu a lawh hi.

SINNA XII

SSSSSSSSSS

ang Bang Cang Dang Gang Hang Kang Lang Mang Nang Pang Sang Tang Vang Zang

eng Beng Ceng Deng Geng Heng Keng Leng Meng Neng Peng Seng Teng Veng Zeng

ing Bing Cing Ding Ging Hing King Ling Ming Ning Ping Sing Ting Ving Zing

ong Bong Cong Dong Gong Hong Kong Long Mong Nong Pong Song Tong Vong Zong

ung Bung Cung Dung Gung Hung Kung Lung Mung Nung Pung Sung Tung Vung Zung

awng Bawng Cawng Dawng Gawng Hawng Kawng Lawng Mawng Nawng Pawng Sawng Tawng Vawng Zawng

Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna; 1. Siapa in sangnaupang note a it hi. 2. Sangah Mikangpau ka sin hi. 3. Lungdambawl hun hong tungta hi. 4. Pingpong ka kimawl hi. 5. Zingsang tungin lai ka sim hi. 6. Leitungin Ni kimvelin a pai hi. 7. Leitung sangin tuipi a zaizaw hi. 8. Lingkung pan lenggah kilo lo hi. 9. Sawng bengten sahang a man uh hi. 10. Sahang vunin sum tampi a man hi. 11. Naupangte in tukpeng sui-in a kimawl uh hi. 12. Dawhdan tungah a tu hi. 17

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

18

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Pilna in ngun leh kham sangin manpha zaw hi. Leitung kimvelin kha a pai hi. A pa singphuk a huh hi. Phuitong pak a etlawm hi. Sim lamah lo a hong/hung hi. Tak lakah vok a gamta hi. Guah zu a nasepna nawngkai mahmah hi. Tuikhuk sung pan tui kingah hi. A ha’heng a a phop hi. Ankhing na sasak ve. Phungsung thu a kikum uh hi. Saipi a ngeng/gol mahmah hi. SSSSSSSSSS

19

Paunam Khenna Leh

SINNA XIII aih eih iih oih uih awih Baih Beih Biih Boih Buih Bawih Caih Ceih Ciih Coih Cuih Cawih Daih Deih Diih Doih Duih Dawih Gaih Geih Giih Goih Guih Gawih Haih Heih Hiih Hoih Huih Hawih Kaih Keih Kiih Koih Kuih Kawih Laih Leih Liih Loih Luih Lawih Maih Meih Miih Moih Muih Mawih Naih Neih Niih Noih Nuih Nawih Paih Peih Piih Poih Puih Pawih Saih Seih Siih Soih Suih Sawih Taih Teih Tiih Toih Tuih Tawih Vaih Veih Viih Voih Vuih Vawih Zaih Zeih Ziih Zoih Zuih Zawih Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Lolai-ah tang a haih hi. 2. Huihpi nunga, sing a mutpai hi. 3. Hih naungek nawigoih hi. 4. Taihinn a to mahmah hi. 5. A inn tawh maan a kizaih hi. 6. Akpi in ankam a tumuih hi. 7. Mehteh mehgah nekna in, cidamna tawh kikaih hi. 8. Zopau a baih kei hi. 9. Zuihding thukham a khung hi. 10. Vuttui a khaih hi. 11. Khamtheih guihtheih natang un. 12. Khin tungah saphek a koih hi. 13. Ih pu ih pate in dawi a thoih hi. Kampau Luanzia

20

SINNA XIV alh, elh ilh ilh ulh Balh Belh Bilh Bolh Bulh Calh Celh Cilh Colh Culh Dalh Delh Dilh Dolh Dulh Galh Gelh Gilh Golh Gulh Halh Helh Hilh Holh Hulh Kalh Kelh Kilh Kolh Kulh Talh Lelh Lilh Lolh Lulh Malh Melh Milh Molh Mulh Nalh Nelh Nilh Nolh Nulh Palh Pelh Pilh Polh Pulh Salh Selh Silh Solh Sulh Talh Telh Tilh Tolh Tulh Valh Velh Vilh Volh Vulh Zalh Zelh Zilh Zolh Zulh Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Ga a bilh hi. 2. Tembul a kip nangin giptawh kibulh hi. 3. Unok paak a palh hi. 4. Manta meh a alh hi. 5. Zawhngeu in zusa a delh hi. 6. Zulhzau gamtat kei-in. 7. Golhguk la kei-in. 8. Zatang a nomvalh hi. 9. Awngvang-ah ki-awnghawlh hi. 10. Sungtholh za a ne hi. 11. Gamkang a phelh hi. 12. A vun a dulh hi. 13. Sangoi a thalh hi. 21

awlh Bawlh Cawlh Dawlh Gawlh Hawlh Kawlh Lawlh Mawlh Nawlh Pawlh Sawlh Tawlh Vawlh Zawlh

Paunam Khenna Leh

14. 15. 16.

Lai a hilh hi. Meikang a phelh hi. Vok a gualgulh hi. SSSSSSSSSS

Kampau Luanzia

22

SINNA XV auh, Bauh Cauh Dauh Gauh Hauh Kauh Lauh Mauh Nauh Pauh Sauh Tauh Vauh Zauh

euh, Beuh Ceuh Deuh Geuh Heuh Keuh Leuh Meuh Neuh Peuh Seuh Teuh Veuh Zeuh

iuh, Biuh Ciuh Diuh Giuh Hiuh Kiuh Liuh Miuh Niuh Piuh Siuh Tiuh Viuh Ziuh

SINNA XVI ouh Bouh Couh Douh Gouh Houh Kouh Louh Mouh Nouh Pouh Souh Touh Vouh Zouh

uuh(awuh) Buuh Cuuh Duch Guuh Huuh Kuuh Luuh Muuh Nuuh Puuh Suuh Tuuh Vuuh Zuuh

Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Pilna in hauhna sangin hoihzaw hi. Lolai-ah sing a heuh hi. Akno a keuh hi. Sakhi kii apo viuhveuh hi. Teipimuk a zum ziuhzeuh hi. Taang a po siuhseuh hi. Nauno a dawng miuhmeuh hi. A mel a hoih biuhbeuh hi. A tawbo kising leuhleuh hi. Tangteuh a zol mahmah hi. SSSSSSSSSS

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Paunam Khenna Leh

ia, ua, Bia Bua Cia Cua Dia Dua Gia Gua Hia Hua Kia Kua Lia Lua MiaMua Nia Nua Pia Pua Sia Sua Tia Tua Via Vua Zia Zua

iah, Biah Ciah Diah Giah Hiah Kiah Liah Miah Niah Piah Siah Tiah Viah Ziah

uah, Buah Cuah Duah Guah Huah Kuah Luah Muah Nuah Puah Suah Tuah Vuah Zuah

iak, Biak Ciak Diak Giak Hiak Kiak Liak Miak Niak Piak Siak Tiak Viak Ziak

uak, Buak Cuak Duak Guak Huak Kuak Luak Muak Nuak Puak Suak Tuak Vuak Zuak

ial, Bial Cial Dial Gial Hial Kial Lial Mial Nial Pial Sial Tial Vial Zial

ual, iam, Bual Biam Cual Ciam Dual Diam Gual Giam Hual Hiam Kual Kiam Lual Liam Mual Miam Nual Niam Pual Piam Sual Siam Tual Tiam Vual Viam Zual Ziam

uam, ian, uan, Buam Bian Buan Cuam Cian Cuan Duam Dian Duan Guam Gian Guan Huam Hian Huan Kuam Kian Kuan Luam Lian Luan MuamMian Muan Nuam Nian Nuan Puam Pian Puan Suam Sian Suan Tuam Tian Tuan Vuam Vian Vuan Zuam Zian Zuan

Hih bangin Ng, Kh, Ph, Th dong bawl in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Ih pute ih pate in dawi a bia uh hi. 2. Eite in Pasian ih bia hi. 3. Gullu mualin eimau gamah a om hi. 4. Zogam a bual lian pen Rihli ahi hi. 5. Kapa in dolcial adawh hi. 6. Dial tawh a kinul hi. 7. Kamciam apelh kei hi. 8. Kawlgam ah inn lam nadingin gua kizang hi. 9. Sabawlpa in sasi buakhia hi. 10. Ngimnasang neite guaksuak ngeilo hi. 11. Ngia, a ngiansiam mahmah hi. 12. Thadahpa a ziakai hi. Kampau Luanzia

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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Phaipi khua a gamla mahmah hi. Puanluisa puanthak tawh phop kei-in. A innkuan un, a thobaih uh hi. Zatep in, cidamna tawh kituak hetlo hi. Pasian in, leivui pan mihing a bawl hi. Biphuah a mal hi. Ka nu-in, puan a sawp hi. Gupna ih ngah nadingin, Pasian tungah ki-ap ni. Munphiah a lei hi. Puanbu in, thup a nei hi. Kawlte in, naidial a khim uh hi. Kikhal kidek na-in, Pasian deihna ahi hi. Laito ah lai kikhia hi. SSSSSSSSSS

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Paunam Khenna Leh

SINNA XVII iap, Biap Ciap Diap Giap Hiap Kiap Liap

uap, Buap Cuap Duap Guap Huap Kuap Luap

iat, Biat Ciat Diat Giat Hiat Kiat Liat

uat, Buat Cuat Duat Guat Huat Kuat Luat

iau, Biau Ciau Diau Giau Hiau Kiau Liau

uau, Buau Cuau Duau Guau Huau Kuau Luau

iang, Biang Ciang Diang Giang Hiang Kiang Liang

uang, Buang Cuang Duang Guang Huang Kuang Luang

iai, uai, Biai Buai Ciai Cuai Diai Duai Giai Guai Hiai Huai Kiai Kuai Liai Luai

Hih bangin M, N, P, S, T, V, Ng, Kh, Ph, Th te zong bawl suak in. A tunga laimalte laiguala zatna: 1. Siam gatna ah, duap kizang hi. 2. Migilote a huahtuai hi. 3. Ciau in, India tawh gamgi ahi hi. 4. Zuauthu na gen kei-in. 5. Mikihisakte uangpau hi. 6. Hiangsing a suan hi. 7. Huang sungah an a cing hi. 8. Kuang tawh an a lui hi. 9. Zatep leng, tuap keu thei hi. 10. Luanglua, munphiah in kizang hi. 11. Liangzawl tungah innsun kinga hi. 12. Gunpiau ah sehnel a om hi. 13. Luai-ah nau a sial hi. 14. Theitek tungah zawngkhuh teek khat tu phiaiphuai hi. 15. Sual tungah cilsia thepthup buang kei ve. 16. Inntual songpi phungah ka pupi a tu phiuphiau hi. 17. Singkuang, tawh a kalh hi. 18. Pilna in ngun lehkham sangin deihhuai zaw hi. Kampau Luanzia

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19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

Pasian in lei leh van a piangsak hi. Kala-oh in sehnel tembaw ahi hi. Tulsawm ciangin, thenkhat ahi hi. Munphiah tawh inn a phiat hi. Khuaizu a khum mahmah hi. Thuak zawhna-in, zawhna ahi hi. Lauthawng loin, Pasian muang gige hi. Sing limliap ah a tawlnga hi. SSSSSSSSSS

SINNA XVIII I. LAIGUAL (SENTENCE) THU Laigual (Sentence) ihcih in, kammal honkhat khiatna a nei dingin, gawmkhopna pan a, hong piangkhia laigual ahi hi. Kammal honkhat hong kigawmkhop ciangin, khiatna cingtak a neih leh, laigual (sentence) kici hi. 1. Moh tuah in a hi va-ak. 2. Ka kah sang ah kei, hi. 3. Nu ka ka hi it. A tung a laigualte in, khiatna cingtaak a nei hiam? Amaute in khiatna cingtaak neilo uhhi. Tu-in, a naui a laigualte simkik dihin. 1. Va-ak in moh a tuah hi. 2. Kei, sangah kakah hi. 3. Ka nu ka it hi. Telgenna: A tunga laigualte in, khiatna cingtaak, nei ahih manin, tua bang kammal kigawm khawmnate laigual (sentence) kici hi.

II. A SEMPA (SUBJECT) LEH A THU (PREDICATE) eg.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Aung San in Kawlgam adingin a si hi. Inn a hoih mahmah hi. Huih a nung hi. Sakol in, leng a kai hi.

Laigual khatna sungah, Aung San thu I gen hi. Laigual nihna ah, Inn thu I gen hi. Laigual thumna ah, Huih thu I gen hi. 27

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Laigual lina ah , Sakol thu I gen hi. Mihing (ahihkeh) na khatpeuh thu I gen ciangin a mihing (ahihkeh) na-in, a sempa (subject) ahi hi. Tua ahih main a tunga laigualte sungah Aung San, Inn, Huih leh Sakol te in, a semkhiate (Subject) ahi uh hi.

THEIHSAA NGAIHSUT (AHIHKEH) NUSIAT ASEMPA Gtn. 1. 2.

A thu (Predicate) Laigual khatna ah, “Aung San”, in Kawlgam a dinga, a sihna thu I gen hi. Laigual nihna ah, “Inn” I hoihna thu I gen hi. Laigual thumna ah, “Huih” nunna thu leh Laigual lina ah, “Sakol” leng kaihna thu I gen hi. A tunga laigualte ah, a sem khiat ahi, Aung San, Inn, Huih, leh Sakol-te thu I gen hi. I gen Subject ii a thu, a hihna tek pen a thu (Predicate) ki ci hi.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Hong tum ve; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, hong tum ve: ahi hi. Pusuak o; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang va pusuak in; ahi hi. Tu ou; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, natu in; ahi hi. Ding vo; a cih nopna taktak in, Note, ding un; ahi hi. Tai ou; a cih nopna taktak in; Nang, na tai-in (ou); ahi hi. Kawlsin aw; a cih nopna taktak in, Nang, na khawl in, ahi hi.

Telgenna: Tua ahih manin, “Nang, hong tum ve,” “Note ding un,” ih cih nop ciangin, “Nang” “Note” cinawn se loin theihsa a ngaihsut (ahk) nusiat a sempa ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS

A thu (Predicate) te: 1. ……………………..in Kawlgam a dingin, a si hi. 2. ……………………..a hoih mahmah hi. 3. ……………………..a nung hi. 4. ……………………..in leng a kai hi. Tua ahih manin, laigual khat sungah khenpi nih pha hamtang ding a, tuate in A semkhia (subject) leh a thu (predicate) ahi uh hi.

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SINNA XIX MINTE (NOUN) Telgenna: Mihing, ganhing, mun leh nate khempeuh kilawhna pen, Min (Noun) kici hi. (Naming works are called Noun) Gtn 1. Pum Za Mang in Zogam uk pipa ahi hi. 2. Sai in ganhing lianpen ahi hi. 3. Tedim in, mangte omna khua ahi hi. 4. Tu tawh lo ka kho hi. Laigual khatna ah, Pum Za Mang in, mihing min ahi hi. Laigual nihna ah, Sai-in, ganhing min ahi hi. Laigual thumna ah, Tedim in, mun min ahi hi. Laigual lina ah, Tu in, na’min ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Pum Za Mang, Sai, Tedim, Tu-te in, Nate min (Noun) ahi hi. Gtn. Sing, Suang, Inn, Sial, Bawng, Thongip, Tutphah, Lungtan, adt. MIN TUAMTUAMTE (KINDS OF NOUN) Min (noun) namli-in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in: 1. Nehkhawm minte (Common nouns) 2. Neihtuam minte (Proper nouns) 3. Muhtheih, lawntheih loh nate minte (Abstract nouns) 4. Honlawh/Lomlawhna minte (Collective nouns)

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Paunam Khenna Leh

1. Neihkhawm minte (Common nouns) Telgenna: Mikhat, mun khat, na khat bek ii neih tangtuam min a hi lo, Mite, Munte, Nate, neihkhop min pen Neihkhawm minte (common nouns) kici hi. Gtn. 1.

Ka gang a honghawh hi. Hih laigual I et ciangin “gang” cih neihkhawm min I mu hi. Gang pen Ni a kici peuhmah pasal hi a, aituam min hilo hi. Hih cibang minte pen, Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi. Gtn. 2. Utong a zempha mahmah hi. Hih laigual I et ciangin, vasa nam khat hi a, ahih hangin, Utong khat ii min neihtuam hi loin, Utong khempeuh neihkhop min ahih manin Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi. Gtn. 3. Zato ah zatui kila hi. Hih laigual ah “Zato” ahi mun min leh, “Zatui” ahi natemin I mu hi. Zato cih pen, Tedim Zato, Falam Zato cih bangin a tuamtuam min nei ahih manin, Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi. Tua ahih manin “Zatui” zong Ampicilin, Burmeton a kipan, a nam tuamtuam tampitak om hi. Ahih hangin “zatui” cihin a vekpi-a a kilawh khopna uh ahih manin Neihkhawm min (common nouns) kici hi.

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NEIHKHOP MINTE Mihing min Pano, Papi Pu, Pi Gang, Ni Sia, Sianu Kumpipa Siavuanpa Naupang Siampipa Puankhuipa Galkappa

Telgenna:

Ganhing min Mun min Nate min Sakol Lo Khua Sahang Pakhuan Phim Humpi Ganhing Khawina Khedap Bilpi Lampi Meileng Vompi Tuikulh Sum Vakhu Phaitam Lupna Tunpi Tualpi Ha Ngasa Innka Kawllukhu Kawlgit Bual Sikkeu Ak Mual Vanleng

2. Neihtuam minte (Proper nouns) gtn. 1. Cingsen la a siam hi. 2. Tedim khua-ah ka teng hi. 3. Zogam sungah I teng hi. 4. Meitei gunin, Zogam’ gun lianpi ahi hi. “Cingsen” I cih pen, la siamnu ahi, mi khat bek ii min ahi hi. Numei dangte tawh a neihkhop min hi lo hi. Tua ahih manin, Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi. Tua mah bangin “Tedim” khua zong, khua dangte tawh a neihkhop min hi lo hi. “Tedim” khua cih zong khua dang omlo a, khat vek om a hih manin Tedim pen Neihtuam min (Proer nuons) ahi hi. Leitung bupah: “Zogam” min pua gamdang omlo ahih manin Neihtuam min (Proper nouns)kici a, tua mah bangin “Meitei gun” cih zong gun tampi a om hangin “Meitei” minpua gun dang omlo ahih manin, “Meitei gun” in, Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi. 33

Paunam Khenna Leh

Mi khat, na khat, mun khat ii neih tuam min in, neih khoppih neilo ahih manin, Neihtuam min (Proper nouns) kici hi. Neihtuam min i gelh simin a kipatna pen, laimal gol (Capital letter) tawh kigelh den hi.

3. Lawnmawh minte (Abstract Nouns) Telgenna: Mittawh kimu thei lo, ngaihsutna tawh a kithei thei ahi, mi khat peuh, na khat peuh ii ahihna, a sepna ahk. a thuakna tawh kisaiin, a kivawh min pen, Lawnmawh minte (Abstract nouns) kici hi. gtn. cidamna, cinatna, hanta, hauhna, lungdamna, cihtakna, zawhna, hanna, lampi’na, thumanna, dikna, hiamgamna, teina, hansanna, kiphatsakna, ciimna, hoihna, citna, siamnate a kipan ahi hi. 1. Ka pu in, natna a nei hi. 2. Ka nu dikna in, genzawh lohin lian hi. 3. Cidamna in, a thupi pen ahi hi. 4. Mi khempeuh in, hansanna kisam hi. Laigual khatna-ah “natna” in, muhtheih loh, i thuaktheih bek min ahih manin Lawnmawh minte (Abstract nouns) kici hi. Laigual nihna leh lina a “dikna” leh “hansanna” in a kinei thei sep theihna Na hi a, i ngaihsut theih bek, mit a muhtheih loh na ahi hi. Laigual thumna a “cidamna” in, a hihna (pianzia) taangin, a ding ahi hi. Hih in muhtheih loh a hih keh, lawnkhak theihloh na ahi hi. A kingaihsun thei bek na ahi hi. Tua ahih manin Lawnmawh minte (Abstract nouns) kici hi.

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4. Honlawhna min (Collective nouns) gtn. 1. Lampi ah mi honkhat pai muaimuai hi. 2. Tuu honkhat mual tungah a taa hi. 3. Galkap honkhat in thau a lam hi. 4. Tawhtang honkhat kamu hi. 5. Nahtang kaikhat ka sat hi. 6. Nahtang khilkhat ciatin ka hawm uh hi. 7. Leenggah bomkhat. 8. Vaimim bawkkhat. 9. Tang vuikhat. 10. Keu bawmkhat. 11. Khi guikhat. 12. Sing khawkkhat. 13. Ga buhkhat. 14. Khuai kaikhat. 15. Pak kualkhat. Laigual masa sungah “lampi ah mi pai muaimuai hi,” cih i mu hi. Mi honkhat cinapi-in, pai muaimuai ci leuleu hi. Hih laigual i et ciangin, mi honkhat sungah mitampi kihel hi, cih i mu thei hi. Tua banga mimal tampite a kigawmkhawmte lawh nadinga, a kizang kammal khat pen Honlawhna min (Collective nouns) kici hi. Telgenna: A tampi ahi “Mite, Nate,” gawmkhawm a khat bang a i lawhkhopna kammal pen Honlawhna min (Collective nouns) te ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS

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SINNA XX GAMTATNA (ahk.) SEPNA (VERB) Telgenna : Bang khat peuhpeuh a genkhia kammal in, Gamtatna (ahk.) Sepna (Verb) ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, a gen khia kammal khempeuh pen, Sepna (verb) te ahi uh hi. (Doing words are called verb). gtn., pai, vak, tu, ding, ihmu, khanglo, adt... GAMTATNA (ahk.) SEPNA (VERB) TUAMTUAMTE Sepna (Verb) namthumin kikhen thei hi. Tuate in, 1. A thuak kisam sepna (Transitive verb) 2. A thuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb) 3. A cingtak lo/a huh sepna (Incomplete verb or Helping verb). 1. A thuak kisam sepna (Transitive verb) Telgenna: Laigual khat ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, Objective khat ahi, a thuakpa (object) a kisam hamtang sepna khat peuhpeuh pen, A thuak kisam gamtatna (ahk.) sepna (Transitive verb) ahi hi. gtn: A. 1. Bawng in, lopa a ne hi. 2. Lianpi in, kong a khak hi. 3. Puankhuipa in, puan a khui hi. 4. Mangpu in, Khampi a tuum hi. B. 1. Bawng in a ne hi. 2. Lianpi in a khak hi. 3. Puankhuipa in a khui hi. 4. Mangpu in a tuum hi. Kampau Luanzia

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B. sunga i laigualte enleng, a khiatna kidawk zolo hi. A khiatna a kidawk theih nadingin, Bawng in bang ne a, Lianpi in, bang khak a, Puankhuipa in, bang khui a, Mangpu in, kua tuum hiam cih, i theih kul hi. Tuate i theih matengin, laigual ii a khiatna, kidawk zo lo, kithei tel zolo hi. A sunga laigualte enleng, bawng in, bang ne a, Lianpi in, bang khak a, Puankhuipa in, bang khui a, Mangpu in, kua tuum hiam cihte hong telgen hi. Thudang khat in genni cileng, laigual in, khiatna cingtak hong neihtheih nadingin, sepnate ahi, “ne, khak, khui, tuum,” cihte tungah, kammal phawlkhat kibehlap hi. Tua a kibehlap kammalte pen, A thuakpa (object) kici hi. Bawng in, bang ne ahi hiam? Lopa. Hih kammal “Lopa” pen sepna ahi “ne” a picin theih nadingin, A thuakna (object) ahi hi. Lianpi in, bang khak ahi hiam? Kong. Hih kammal “kong” pen sepna ahi “khak” ii a deihna a picin theih na dingin, A thuakpa (object) ahi hi. Puankhuipa in, bang khui ahi hiam? Puan. Hih kammal “Puan” pen sepna (verb) ahi “khui” ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, A thuakpa (object) ahi hi. mangpu in, kua tuum hiam? Khampi. Hih kammal “Khampi” in sepna (verb) ahi “tuum” ii a khiatna a picin theih nadingin, A thuakpa (object) ahi hi. 2. A thuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb) Telgenna: Laigual khat ii a khiatna a picin theih nading, a thuak a kisam tuanlo, a mahmah in, khiatna picing a nei thei sepna pen, A thuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb ) kci hi. gtn. 1. Thangpu a tai hi. 37

Paunam Khenna Leh

2. Dimno a laam hi. 3. Mei a kuang hi. 4. Vasate aleeng hi. 5. Mangno a kap hi. 6. Ui a haam hi. 7. Ni a taang hi. Laigual khatna ah, “tai” kammal in Thangpu thu a genna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin, a dang laigualte ah zong, “laam” in Dimno thu, “kuang” in mei thu, “leeng” in vasa thu, “kap” in Mangno thu, “haam” in ui thu, “taang” in ni thu a genciat ahi uh hi. Ahi zongin, hih laigualte sunga om, sepnate in khiatna picing a neih na dingin a thuak kisam tuanlo hi. Amaute in, amau mahmah in khiatna picing neihkhin uh hi. Hih cibang sepna-te pen, Athuak kullo sepna (Intransitive verb) kici hi. 3. A cingtaklo/ ahuh sepna (Incomplete verb) Telgenna: A thu (Predicate) cingtak i bawl nadinga, a kisam kammal pen sepna a dinga Ki-cinsakna (Com;lement) ahi hi. gtn. nuamhuai, dahhuai, ithuai, belhhuai, muhdahhuai, uthuai, duhhuai, theihhuai, sathuai, belhtaak, septaak, kawmtaak, ettaak, huhtaak, deihtham, ngaihtham, huhtham, piaktham, minsiatham, adt............ 1. Puttekpa a ta Siapa a hehsuak hi. 4. Naupangte cidam hi. Naupangte cidammel uh hi. Laigual khatna a “Puteekpa a tawl hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna kitel khinta hi. Ahi zongin “Puteekpa a tawltuak hi,” cihtoh leuleu ciangin, tawlmaw tawllo cih theilo pi-in, upmawh thu gen ihi hi. Hih laigual nihte gel i et ciangin, a nih in khiatna cingtak neituak uh hi. Laigual nihna sung panin kammal, “tawl” lakhia hileng, “Puteekpa Kampau Luanzia

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a ... tuak hi,” hong hi a, khiatna neithei vetlo hi. “Tuak” kammal pen,” “sangtuak,” “singkung tungpan tuak,” “tui sungah tuak,” cih te nam hi loin, upmawh thu genna ahi hi. “Hih tuak” “tua cihtuak mah e” cihte genna ahi hi. Hih kammal “tuak” a picin theih nadingin, “tawl” cih kammal a kibehlap ciangin, “tawltuak” hong hi a, khiatna hong picing ta hi. Tua banga a mah kia a, a picing theilo kammal pen A cinglo sepna (Incomplete verb) kici hi. Kammal dang khat tawh i gawmna hangin, khiatna cingtak a suaksak kammal pen, Kicinsakna (Complement) ki ci hi. Laigual nihna ah, “Cingsan a lungdam hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna ki cingkhin ahih hangin, “Cingsan a ....tuak hi,” i cih ciangin khiatna hong nei zolo hi. Tua bangmahin laigual thumna leh lina ah zong, “Siapa a ...suak hi.,” leh “Naupangte .....mel hi,” i cih ciangin a khiatna kidawk zolo hi. A khiatna a kidawk zawh nadingin, “lungdam, heh, cidam,” cih kammalte i gawmbeh dimdiam ciang bekin, khiatna cingtak hong nei zo pan bek hi. Tua ahih manin sepnate in, khiatna cingtak a neih nading a i gawm kammalte a hi, “tuak, suak, mel” te in, sepna adingin, Kicin’sakna (Complement) ahi hi. Phawkding: Hih lai munah Mikangte Complement tawh kibang kimlo hi. Mikangte-a in “am, si , are, was, were,”ahi verb to be or helping verbte taang ding kammal i tuam neih kei hi. Genbehna (Further explanation) A 1. Bawng in, lopa (gampa) a ne hi. 2. Lianpi in, kong a khak hi. 3. Mei a kuang hi. 4. Mangpu in, Khampi a tuum hi.

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B

1. 2. 3. 4.

Thangpu a taai hi. Dimno a laam hi. Mei a kuang hi. Vasate a leeng uh hi.

C

1. 2. 3. 4.

Mangno in, naupang khat ahi hi. Hih laibu in, kei a ahi hi. Manno in, ka tanu ahi hi. Khamtung gamin, Zomite tenna ahi hi.

A. Sunga liagual masa pen Mikanglai in gelh ni cileng, “The cow eats grass,” ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lianin khiani cileng, “Bawng in lopa ne,? cih ziau ding ahi hi. A hi zongin tua bang tawh ei pau in, a khiatna ki cingtak zolo ahih manin, “Bawng in, lopa a ne hi”, ci-in sepna ahi “ne” mai-ah “a” behlap in, a nungah “hi” i behlap hi. B. Sung a laigual masa pen, Mikanglai in gelh leng, “Thangpu runs”, ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lianin ei pau in khia ni cileng, “Thangpu taai” cih ziau ding ahi hi. Ahi zongin, tua bang ziau tawh eipau in, a khiatna kicing zolo ahih manin, “Thangpu a taai hi”, ci-in sepna ahi “taai” mai-ah “a” leh a nungah “hi” i behlap hi. C. Sunga laigual masa pen Mikangpau in gelh leng, “Manno is a child”, ahi hi. A Mikanglai bang lian in, eipau in khialeng, “Manno in naupang khat”, cih ziau ding hi a, a khiatna kicing zolo hi. Tua ahih manin, “Manno in, naupangkhat ahi hi.” ci-in Neihkhop min (Common noun) ahi “naupang” nungah “ahi hi” cih kammal thum i behlap hi. A tung a laigualte i et ciangin, “a....hi, ahi hi”, cih kammalte pen, laigual khat i bawl simin, a kisapna bangin behlap loh a phamawh kammalte ahi uh hi. A zatdan ding tawh kisai-in, hong pailai ding sinnate ah, a telzaw in i kikum ding hi.

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GAMTATNA (VERB) GELHZIA A. Gamtat hun a lak kammalte a nuai a bangin kigelh ding hi. 1. Gamtatna: Gamtatna lak kammalte tangdin ding hi. gtn. ciah ding, et saw, pai ning, adt.. 2. Gamtatna: Gamtat laitak (Gamtattatna) alak kammalte kimat den ding hi. gtn. paupau, nuinui, mawlmawl, taitai, nene, dawndawn, adt. 3. Gamtatsa: Gamtatsa lak kammalte tangdin ding hi. gtn. lum khin, man zo, pai ta, adt. 4. Gamtatsa zemthuah: Gamtatsa zemthuah kammalte leh, gamtatsa lak kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn. lum khinzo, lum khinta, lum khinzota, adt. B. Gamtatna huh kammalte adangte tawh kihal ding hi. gtn. Kei hong pai ning. Na ci dam ta hen. C. Gamtatna khat pen, a khiatna kicing zaw dinga, kammal dang khat tawh a kibehlap ciangin, tua kammal tegel kimat ding hi. gtn. gamtatna + gamtatzem: balkek, kahto, phelkhap, tawisang, adt. SSSSSSSSSS

SINNA XXI PIANZIA KAMMALTE (KINDS OF ADJECTIVES) Telgenna: Bang khat peuhpeuh ii, “Pianzia” a kilang telsak kammalte in, Pianzia kammalte (Adjectives) ahi hi. gtn. hoih, san, sau, gol, khempeuh, telge, ciacia, zahzah, peuhmah, dikdek, hi zahzah, bangbang, vekpi, adt. gtn. 1. A mah in, inn hoih khat a nei hi. 2. Mi sangpa en dih ve. 3. A mah in, bawng thau khat a nei hi. Laigual khatna sunga, “hoih” a cih kammal in, bang ci inn hiam cih hong telgen hi. Hoih kammal omta keileh zong, “Amah in inn khat a nei hi”, ciziau lelleng, khiatna cingtak nei khinzo hi. Ahi zongin tua inn pen hoih maw, hoihlo, luimaw, thak cihte a hong telgen ciangin, tua hoih kammal pen Pianzia (Adjectives) kici hi. Tua mah bangin laigual nihna leh thumna sunga “sang” leh “thau” in zong, Mipa leh Bawng ii, pianzia hong kilang telsak hi. Tua “sang” leh “thau” kammal hangin, mipa in “Mi sangpa”, bawng in, “Bawng thau” a pianzia hong kilang ciansak ahih manin, “sang leh thau” te in, Pianzia kammalte (Adjectives) kici hi. Pianzia Namte Hihna kilangsak i cih nam guk a om hi. Tuate in: 1. Phacia lak pianzia (Quality) 2. Phazah lak pianzia (Quality) 3. Amalzah lak pianzia (Number) 4. Lahkhiatna lak pianzia (Demonstrative) 5. Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative)

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6. Neihna lak pianzia

(Possessive)

1. Phacia lak pianzia (Adjective of quality) Telgenna: Hih phacia lak pianzia in, “A bangci bang” ahk. “A bangci nam” dotnate dawng hi. gtn. 1. Pauno in, a dik pasalno khat ahi hi. 2. Amah in, a hau mipa ahi hi. 3. Bawng in, a ki zangthei ganhing ahi hi. Laigual khatna ah, “dik” acih kammal in, Pauno pen, a bangci pasalno khat hiam cih, hong kilangsak hi. Tua mah bangin, “hau” cih kammal in, mipa bangci mi hiam cih, hong kilangsak a, laigual thumna sunga “ki zangthei” cih kammal in, bawng pen, a bangci ganhing cih, hong kilangsak hi. gtn. hoih, hang, manlah, hat, lauhuai, hai, hau, khum, al, thuk, lui, thak, lum, vot, sau, tom, gol, neu, gawng, thau, adt. 2. Phazah lak pianzia (Adjective of quantity) Telgenna; Hih apahzah lak pianzia in “Bangzah” (amalzah lian a ki tello)aphazah cih dotna dawng hi. gtn. 1. Amaute lak-ah pawlkhat in an a ne hi. 2. Lia (She) in, sum tampi a nei hi. 3. Tuibel sungah, tui tawmkha a om hi. 4. Taang (He) in, an tawmkha beek nelo hi. 5. Taang in, a kicing laibu nei hi. A tung a kammalte “pawlkhat” tampi, tawmkha, beek, leh a kicing te-in, “bangzah” cih hong gen ahih manin, Aphazah lak pianzia (Adjective of quantity) te ahi uh hi.

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3. Amalzah lak pianzia (Adjectives of number) Telgenna: Hih amalzah lak pianzia in, “Bang zah” (aphzah a kitel linliante) cih dotnate dawng hi. gtn. 1. Tang in, khutme nga a nei hi. 2. Ciinno in, pak tampi a nei hi. 3. Mi tawmkha in, pawi en uh hi. 4. Lia in, kum sawmnih a pha hi. 5. Maimom in khe giat a nei hi. A tunga kammal, “nga, tampi, tawmkha, sawmnih, giat” te-in bangzah cih hong gen a, aphazah lian gen keimah le zong, a kisim thei malzah nei ahih manin, a malzah lak pianzia (Adjective of number) te ahi uh hi. 4. Lahkhiatna lak pianzia (Demonstrative adjective) Telgenna: Hih lahkhiatna lak pianzia in, “A kawkkhia hihnate” hi a, “Koi” cih dotna dawng hi. gtn. 1. Hih tangvalpa in, a thahat hi. 2. Hua lia in, a melhoih hi. 3. Hih haaite khum hi. 4. Tua bang nate ka mudah hi. A tunga kammal “hua, huate, hih, hihte, tua, tuate” in, “Koi” cih dotna dawng uh a, “a koipen, a koinu, a koihaai, a koinate”, kawk dimdiam uh ahih manin, Lahkhiatna lak pianzia (Demonstrative adjective) kici hi. 5. Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative adjective) gtn. 1. Mangno in, a bangci mi ahi hiam? 2. Nang inn koi pen hiam? 3. Hih laikung kua a ahi hiam? Kampau Luanzia

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Telgenna: Hih a tunga laigualte sunga pianzia lak te ahi” a bangci, koipen, kua a”, cihte in, dotna vive ahi uh hi. Tua bang kammalte pen, Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative adjective) kici hi. gtn. 1. Koi pen, nang singkuang a hia? 2. Kua in, suanglai kitamsak a hia? 3. Bang laibu teng sim khinta na hia? 4. Koi lampi pen, Laito paina a hia? 5. Nasam bangmel a hia? 6. Neihna Lak pianzia (Possessive adjectives) gtn. 1. Hih in, ka laibu ahi hi. 2. Hua in, i sanginn ahi hi. 3. Hua in, na sakol ahi hi. 4. Amah (Taang) laibu in, singkuang sungah om hi. 5. Lia’ laibu in, singkuang sungah om hi. 6. Amau’ laikung te amaukhut sungah om hi. Telgenna: A tunga laigualte ah, neihsa genna ahi, “ka, i, na, ama, taang’, lia’, amau’”, cih kammalte pen, Minte (noun) maitaah kizang hi. Tua bang neihsa genna kammalte pen, Neihna lak pianzia (Possessive adjective) kici hi. Tua bang laigual sunga, asemkhia (subject) a omkhit nak leh neihsa lak hihna (possesive adjective) bawlna dingin “a” leh “a....uh” zatna tawh zong kibawl thei lai hi. gtn. 1. Lia in, a sumbawm mansuah hi.

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2. Numeino in, a bumbua/bumgua/tengtate limtakin kem hi. 3. Pasal note’n, a tukpeng uh mansuah uh hi. 4. Naupang note in, a khedapte uh mansuah uh hi. PIANZIA (ADJECTIVE) GELHZIA (a) Nakhat peuhpeuh pianzia alak kammal in, awmal khat aneih leh, tangdin dinga, awmal nih aneih leh kimat ding hi. gtn. Vasa vom khat ka mu hi. Thu lamdang a om hiam? Tumul puan khat hong leisak in. (b) Pianzia a zemthuah kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn. bem - bem velval, pak - pak siset vom - vom bekbak, zum - zum ziuhzeuh gial - gial bialbual, sia - sia nepnap (c) Pianzia tehpih kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn. baih - baihzaw - baihpen - baihpenpen hau - hauzaw - haupen - haupenpen hoih - hoihzaw - hoihpen - hoihpenpen Theihding: ‘zawlai’ pen khiatna dang nei a ih zat leh, tangdin ding hi. gtn. A gitloh bang loin, meidawi zawlai e. SSSSSSSSSS

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SINNA XXII TEL GEH/ TELKHEH KAMMALTE (ARTICLES) (khat, Tua ................................................ pen, Tuain) gtn. 1. Apple in singgah ahi hi. ..................................... (khial) Apple in singgah khat ahi hi. .............................. (man) 2. Kawllukhu in kimanna nei na ahi hi.................... (khial) Kawllukhu in kimanna nei na khat ahi hi. ........... (man) 3. Pa Thang in vanzuakpa ahi hi. ............................... (khial) Pa Thang in vanzuakpa khat ahi hi. ..................... (man) Laigual masa sungah “Apple in singgah ahi hi”, cih ciangin (Gram mar) Paunam khenna, paizia phatak in ngaihsun kei leng adik, aman kisa kha thei hi. Aman taktak cini cileng, “Apple in, singgah khat ahi hi”, cih ding ahi hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, Apple i cih in, singgah nam tampite lakah nam khat in a kihel hi bek a, Apple bek in singgah hi lo ahih manin, “Khat” cih kammal i hel hamtang ding a kul hi. Tua mah bangin, Kawllukhu in zong, kimanna, a nei na tampite lak ah khat hi a, a mah bek a om hi lo hi. Tua ahih manin, “khat” cih kammal ih hel hamtang kul hi. Pa Thang in zong vanzuak mi tampite lakah, khat ahih manin, “Pa Thang in, vanzuak khat ahi hi”, cih hamtang ding ahi hi. gtn. Mawtaw car khat Siksakol khat Pekkhat lai dalkhat Ganhing khat Lengmaw pumkhat Aktui tangkhat Laitui bungkhat Mi citak khat Mikang mikhat Sikkeu khat ....adt. “Khat” i cih in, kawklian nei-lo a, tampi laka, khat peuh a gen ahih main, Telkheh nei-lo kammal (Indefinite Article) kici hi.

Ahi zongin “tua .... pen leh, tua in” cih kammal te i zat ciangin, Mipa ahk. Na khatpeuh thu a gen i hi a, a dangle a gen i hi kei hi. “Tua ………… pen leh, tua…….in” te in, kawklian nei ahih manin Telkheh nei kammal (Definite article) kici hi. gtn. Kumpipa in, sakol khat tawh khual a zin hi. Tua sakol pen, a kaang ahi hi. Tua sakol in kumpipa a ahi hi. Tua sakol in kumpipa a thei hi.Hih a tunga laigualte i kantel ciangin, laigual masa sungah “sakol khat” ciin kigelh hi. Hih pen, gen kholhsa ahk. theih kholhsa sakol khat thu a gen hilo ahih manin, “sakol khat” ci-in a kigelh ahi hi. Laigual nihna ah, “Tua sakol pen” ci a, a kigelhna in, laigual khatna sunga, a gensa sakol khat thu a gen ahih manin, “sakol khat” cihkik kulnawn loin, “tua sakol pen” kici to hi. Tuamah bangin, laigual thumnaah, “tua sakol in” na ci leuleu hi. Hih in, laigual khatna a, “Sakol khat” a cih, a kawkkik ahih manin, “Tua sakol in”, cih kaltang a kul ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, hih banga gen khitsa a kawkkik ahk. kawktuam ahk- tel khitsa thu khat peuh a kigen ciangin, Telkheh nei kammalte (Definite article) ahi, “Tua .... pen, Tua in”, cih kammalte kizang hi. Mikangte in Indefinite article “a, an,” nih nanei uh a, difinite article “the” khat na nei uh hi. Ei Zomiten ahih leh, Indefinite article khat bek i nei a, tua in “Khat” hi-in, Definite articles pen nih i nei a, tua in, “Tua .... pen, leh, Tua…….in” cih te a hi uh hi.’ Tua ahih manin, Zolai sungah article mal thum om a, tua te in “Khat, Tua .... pen, leh Tua .... in” ahi uh hi. Ciapteh ding: Neihtuam min (Proper Noun) te ahi, “Paupu, Tedim, Cingno adt.”, te i gen simin, Article-te ahi, “Khat, Tua ............... pen, leh Tua .... in”, cihte zat ding ahi kei hi. Banghang hiam cih leh tuate pen neihtuam minte hi a, kuamah dangtawh neihkhop hilo ahi manin, Article-te zattuam kul nawn lo hi. SSSSSSSSSS

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SINNA XXIII SEPZIA KAMMAL (ADVERBS) Telgenna: Sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) i cih in, sepna khat peuhpeuh, bang cibang ahk. bang hun ahk. koi mun ah kisem” cih a thukzaw a, a gensawn kammal ahi hi. SEPZIA NAMTE (KINDS OF ADVERBS) 1.Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs of Manner) 2.Sepzia hun lak kammal (Adverbs of Time) 3.Sepzia mun lak kammal (Adverbs of Place) 4.Sepzia tehna kammalte ahi uh hi. (Adverbs of Degree) 1. Sepzia lak kammal gtn. 1. Putek khat, damtakinn a pai hi. 2. Lia in, ngaih/ngeih takin la a sa hi. 3. Sakol, manlang takin a tai hi. 4. Naupangte lungdam takin kimawl uh hi. Atunga laigualte i et ciangin Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs) te in bang cibangin sepna kinei cih, hong lak uh hi. Putek khat, bang cibangin pai hiam? Dam takin. Lia in, bang cibangin la sa hiam? Ngaih takin Sakol, bang cibangin tai hiam? Manlang takin Naupangte, bang cibangin, kimawl uh hiam? Lungdam takin Telgenna: Sepna khat peuhpeuh a sepzia a hong lak kammal pen Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs of Manner) kici hi. Note: Sepzia a lak kammal te in, “bang ci bangin” cih dotnate dawng hi. gtn. thithe, themthum, kikkik, denden, pahpah, samsam, duaiduai, peuhpeuh, lumsuk, kahto, paiphei, khaukhau, tautau, peuhmah, dektak, ngitnget, adt. 49

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2. Sepzia hun lak kammalte gtn. 1. Mungno, zanin hong pai hi. 2. Taang, hong paibaih ding hi. 3. Lia hong ciahhak hi. 4. Zing ciangin, Lia kiangah, laikhak khat ka gelh ding hi. Atunga laigualte sunga Sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) to i et ciangin, sepna bang hunin kibawl hiam cih, hong lak hi. zan - Bang hunin, Mungno hong pai hiam? - Bang hun ciangin, Taang hong pai ding hiam? baih hak - Bang hun in, Lia hong ciah hiam? - Bang hun ciangin, Lia kiangah laikhak ding hiam? zingciang Telgenna: Sepna khat peuhpeuh a kisep hun hong lakkhia kammal pen, Sepzia hun kammal te (Adverbs of time) kici hi. Note: Sephun a lak kammalte in, “bang hunin ahk. bang hun ciangin (cik ciang)” dotna dawng hi. 3. Sepzia mun alak kammal te gtn. 1. Eite in, i ento hi. 2. Laibu in, sabuai tungah a om hi. 3. Taang, hih lai-ah teeng hi. 4. Ka nu, inndei tungnungah kahto hi. Atunga laigualte sunga, sepzia lak kammal (Adverb) te i et ciangin, sepna koi lai-ah kibawl cih, hong lak hi. Eite in, koi lam i en hiam? Laibu in, koi laitakah a om hiam? Taang, koi ah teeng a hi hiam? Ka nu, koi ah pai ahi hiam? Kampau Luanzia

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Telgenna: “to, tung, hihlai, leh dei tungnung,” kammalte in, sepnate (verbs) ahi, “en, om, teeng, pai:” cihte khiatna a thukzawk nadingin, behlap hi. Hih kammalte in, sepna tawh kisai-in, koilai-ah kisem hiam, cih a mun, hong lak hi. Hih bang kammalte pen, Sepzia mun alak kammalte (Ad-verbs of Place) kici hi. Note: Sepzia mun alak kammalte in, koi laitak, koi-ah, cih dotnate dawng hi. 4. Sepzia tehna lak kammalte gtn. 1. Hih pak, a hoih mahmah hi. 2. Hih lengmawte, min dektak hi. 3. Lia in, damtakin, pau hiathiat hi. 4. Topa in, a silapa manmanin, bawlsia geihgeih hi. “Mahma” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective)ahi, “hoih” tawh kizang khawmin, pak in bang zahta a hoih a hihna a nasiat zia, hong gen ahi hi. “Dektak” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective) ahi, “min” tawh kizang khawmin, lengmawte bang ciangdong min cih hong gen hi. “Hiathiat” kammal pen pianzia lak kammal (Adjective)ahi, “dam takin” tawh kizang khawmin, bangci bangin, Lia in, thugen cih, hong gen hi. “Geihgeih” kammal pen, Sepzia lak kammal (Adverbs) ahi, “manman” tawh kizang khawmin, topa in, silapa manmanin bangci bawl hiam cih hong gen hi.

SEPZIA (ADVERB) GELHZIA Gamtatna khat peuhpeuh pianzia laka, athu azem pen, sepzia lak, gamtatnazem kici hi. Sepzia kammal awmal nih, awmal thum aphak leh, kimat ding hi. (a) Gamtathunzem gelhzia: gtn. Na thawh ma (madiak) in hong kikan hi. An hong thuk lai (lailai) ve. Hong tung baih (baihdeuh) in. (b) Gamtatziazem gelhzia: gtn Taangtel sikkha-in diang sia hi. Guahzu zuahzuah hi. Amah nuamin nui kauhkauh hi. Gamtatnazem gelhzia pawlkhat Pahpah hiathiat beubau Suasua gige seusau Zualzual diaiduai ngeungau Khiankhian miaimuai teutau

hiaihuai heihai piangpuang pheiphai

SSSSSSSSSS

Telgenna: Tua ahih manin, “mahmah, dektak, hiathiat”, …adt. Te in, bangzah cianga, a nasiatna a lak, kammal a hih manin Spezia tehna lak kammal (Adverbs of Degree) kici hi. 51

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SINNA XXIV MINTAANG (PRONOUN)

Mintaang namte (kinds of Pronouns) Mintaang nam nga a om hi. Tua te in: 1. Mimal Mintaang (Personal Pronoun) 2. Lahkhiatna Mintaang (Demnostratvie Pronoun) 3. Tungtukik Mintaang (Reflexive Pronoun) 4. Dottelna Mintaang (Interrogative Pronoun) 5. Neihna Mintaang (Possessive Pronoun)

Telgenna: Atunga laigualte I et ciangin, “Langboih” tangin, “Amal, ahk. Taang” I zang hi. “Niangno” tangin, “Amah ahk. Lia” I zang hi Neihtuam min ahi” Langboih leh Niangno” tangin, “Taang”, Lia” ahk “Amah” kizang hi. Tua ahih manin, hih cibang kammalte Mimal minting (Personal Pronoun) kici hi. Mikanglai sungah, “He ahk. She” cih kammal I muh ciangin, “He” in pasal khat tang, “She” in numei khat tang ahih lam lunghian om loin, i tel sinsen hi. Zopau ah, numei leh pasal khenna kammal zatlian nei lo I hih manin, “He ahk. She” tang dingin, “Amah” cih kammal i zang hi. Ih pu I pate in numei, pasal khenna kammal na nei gige uh hinapi-in, Zolai (Literature) kician takin, i neih ngeiloh manin, numei leh pasal khenna a nei lo peuh, i suak hi. “He ahk. She” tangin, telmunmel om lo “Amah” cih peuh i zatden sangin, “He” munah “Taang” (Tg) leh “She” munah “Lia” i zang hi. Hih pen tuhun khangthak te’n I muhtawm I phuahtawm hilo a, i pu i pate hun lai peka, la a, a na saksak uh ahi hi.

1. Mimal Mintaang (Personal Pronoun) Gtn. 1. Langboih in, zu a dawn ngeikei hi. Amah in, zu duhlo hi. 2. Niangno in, nungak hoih khat ahi hi. Amah in, lai a pil hi.

A 1. 2. 3. 4.

Telgenna: Minte taanga kizang kammal khat peuhpeuh pen, “Mintaang” (Pronoun) kici hi. gtn. Thangpu, Cingno, ama, amah, amahmah, nangma, keimah, amau mahmah, adt.

Kei in nisim sang kakah hi. Lunno in, laikung khat kei hong pia hi. Eite in, laitan/a khan kibang i hi hi. Siapa in, eite hong pakta hi.

B 1. Nang, mipil khat na hi hi. 2. Nang, nong zekai loh nading kong gen zo uh hi. 3. Zanin, note koi-ah om na hi vua? C 1. Taang in, a hang pasal no khat ahi hi. 2. Amah, hua takah a pailoh nang’ gen in. 53

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Lia in, lasak a siam hi. La khat a sak nadingin, lia tungah gen in. Amaute in, a dik pasal note ahi uh hi. Nasep a hahkat nadingun, amau tungah gen uh hi. Hih lai-ah laibu khat a om hi. Tua sungah, lim tampi kisuai hi. Atunga laigualte sungah, “Mintaang” (Pronouns) te in, mihingte ahk. nate taangin, ding uh ahih manin, tua bang kammalte pen, “Mimal mintaang” (Personal Pronouns) kici hi. Mimal mintaang namte (Kinds of Personal Pronouns) Mimal mintaang namte Personal Pronoun te pen khen thum in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in: 1. Mi masa (First Person) 2. Mi nihna (Second Person) 3. Mi thumna (Third Person) ahi uh hi. MIMAL MINTAANG (PERSONAL PRONOUNS) MI Mi khatna (Fisrt Person)

ZOLAI Kei Eite, Ko (Kote)

MIKANGLAI I, Me, We, Us

Mi nihna (Second Person)

Nang No (Note)

You, Thou, Thee

Mi thumna (Third Person)

Tang, Lia, Amaute,Amah Tuanu, Tuapa

He, She Him, Her They, Them, It.

A tunga khawk sungate (Column) i et ciangin, Zolai leh Mikanglai kibat lohna i mu ding hi. Mikanglai ah, a sempa (Subject) ahi, “I, We, You, They, He, She, It”-te in thuakna mun (Object) ah hong om 55

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ciangin, “me, us, you, them, him, her, it,” cih bangin, hong kilaih hi. A hi zongin, Zolai sungah, a sempa (Subject) leh a thuakpa (Object) pen a kibangin nei-in, a dang kammal i neituam tuan kei hi. Zatdan tungtawnin, a deihna ki telthei veve hi. Note: Mintaang (Pronouns) te tawh kisai-in, i telsiam ding a thupi mahmah pawlkhat a om hi. Mikangte in pasal a gennop ciangin “He” numei a gennop ciangin “She” ci-in kitel linlian hi. Zomite in ahih leh tuni ciang dong, lai (Literature) kician takin nei zonai loin, Paunam Khenna kiciantakin, bawlngei nailo i hih manin, “He” leh “She” munah “Amah” cih vive in kigen hi. A taktak in, cini cileng, “He” taang dingin, “Taang” hi a, “She” taang dingin “Lia” ahi hi. “Amah” ci a, a kitelcian lopi khat zat ding hi loin, “Lia leh Taang”, a munmun ah zat ding ahi hi. Mi thumna (Third Person) sunga, Mikangte in, “It” a cih uh pen tuni ciang dongin, laitei pawlkhatte in “Tua” ci-in zang tawntung uh hi. A taktak in, “Tua” cih pen, “Lah khiatna” (Demonstration) hi a, “It” cih mun a, zatding ahi kei hi. “It” mun ah, ei Zopau a dingin, Zolai sungah, “Amah” ci a zat ding ahih lam phawk gige ni. 2. Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative Pronoun) gtn. 1. Hih in, laibu khat ahi hi. 2. Hihte in, laibute ahi uh hi. 3. Hua in, mutpuak khat ahi hi. 4. Huate in, khedapte ahi uh hi. Telgenna: Atunga laigualte i et ciangin, A thuakpa (Object) ahk. A thuakte (Objects) ahi laibu, laibute, mutpuak, khedapte pen, hihte, huate in kawkin, lak ahih manin, Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative Pro-noun) kici hi.

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Phawk ding: Lahkhiatna mintaang (Demonstrative Pronoun) leh Lahkhiatna pianzia (Demonstrative Adj ective)-te 1. Hih in, laibu khat ahi hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hih laibu, hoih mahmah hi. (Dem. Adj.) 2. Hua in, laikung khat ahi hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hua laikungin, a vom. hi. (Dem. AdJ -) 3. Hihte in, milimte ahi uh hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hih milimte in, mel tuamtuam a nei uh hi. (Dem. Adj.) 4. Hua te in, khedapte ahi uh hi. (Dem. Pro.) Hua khedapte in, a lui ahi uh hi. (Dem. Adj.) 3. Tungtukik mintaang (Reflexive Pronoun) gtn. 1. Kei in, kei mahmah ka kiliamsuah hi. 2. Nang in, nang mahmah na kiliamsuah hi. 3. Taang in, (taang) a mah leh amah a kiliamsuah hi. 4. Lia in, (lia) a mahmah a kiliamsuah hi. 5. Sakol in, a mahmah a kiliamsuah hi. 6. Eite in, eimau mahmah i kiliamsuah uh hi. 7. Note in, nomau mahmah na kiliamsuah uh hi. 8. Amaute in amau mahmah kiliamsuah uh hi. Hih a tunga laigualte i et ciangin, a nuaia bangin kimu thei hi. kei mahmah 1. Kei in, kua liamsuah ka hi hiam? 2. Nang in, kua liamsuah nahi hiam? nang mahmah (taang) a mahmah 3. Taang in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? 4. Lia in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? (lia) a mahmah a mahmah 5. Sakol in, kua liamsuah ahi hiam? 6. Eite in, kua liamsuah i hi hiam? Eimau mah 7. Note in, kua liamsuah na hi uh hiam? nomau mah

hi. Hih cibang kammalte pen, “tungtukik mintaang” (Reflexive Pronouns) kici hi. 4. Dotna mintaang (Interrogative Pronouns) gtn. 1. Hua lai-ah kua om a hia? 2. Nang kua na hia? 3. Nang’ kua pakta pen na hia? 4. Nang’ kua deih na hia? 5. Nang’ ma inn koi a hia? 6. Hih laibu kua a a hia? 7. Nang bang deih na hia? Telgenna: A tunga laigualte sungah, “kua, koi, bang” cih kammalte pen, “Thu ahk. mi” dotna in kizang ahih manin Dotna mintaang (Interrogative pronouns) kici hi. Dotna lak mintaang (Interrogative Pronouns)

Dotna lak pianzia (Interrogative Adjectives)

Nangma laibu koi a hia? Nang bang deih na hia?

Koi laibu nanga a hia? Bang kimawlnate uuk na hia?

Telgenna: A tunga laigualte khat khat in enleng, a semkhiapa in, a thuak khapa mah na hi a, A thuakpa (Object) ahi, “mi ahk, na” mah kawkkik 57

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5.Neihna mintaang (Possessive Pronouns) NEIHNA LAK PIANZIA POSSESIVEAMC77VES

NEIHNALAK MINTAANG POS=PRONOUAS

1.Hih in, ka laibu ahihi. Hih laibu in, kei a ahi hi. 2.Hua in, na ui ahi hi. Hua ui in, nanga ahi hi. 3.Hua in, tw\aang’ (a) sik sakol ahi hi. Hua sik sakol in, taang’a ahi hi. 4.Hua in, lia’ sumbawm ahi hi. Hua sumbawm in, lia’a ahi hi. 5.Hih in, i sanginn ahi hi. Hih sanginn in, ei a ahi hi. 6.Hua in, amau inn ahi hi. Hua inn in, amau a ahi hi.

Telgenna: A tunga kammal “kei a, nang a, taang’a, lai’a, ei a, amau a, “ cihte in, “ka, na , taang, lia, I, amau”, cihte bangin Noun ahi “Laibu, ui, sik sakol, sumbawm, sang leh inn” cihte (neih tuamna) kilangsak lo hi. Amaute in, neihna lak a, Noun te taanga ding kammalte ahi uh hi. Tua ahih manin, “kei a, nang a, lia a, ei a, amau a”, cihte khempeuh pen Neihna lak mintaang (Possesive Pronoun) kici hi. Mikanglai in “his” possessive pronoun hi a, Zolai ah “a” (His father-apa) neihna lahna ahi hi. Tua hi a “ka, na, a, I, amaute taangin,” keima, nangma, taang’, lia’, eima” ci-in kizangthei hi. Gtn. Ka ahk. Kei ahk. Kei ma …… I ahk. Ei-a ahk. Eimau ……. Na ahk. Nanga ahk. Nangma ….. Gtn

Hua sanginn in, ei a ahi hi. Hua in, eimau sanginn ahi hi. 3. Hua in, na laibu ahi hi. Hua laibu in, nanga ahi hi. Hua in, nangma laibu ahi hi. MINTAANG (PRONOUN) GELHZIA A.. Mi’ mintaanga kizang kammalte gelhzia. Kei keimah Nang nangmah A amah Ko, kote komau Ei, eite eimau No, note nomau Amau, amaute, amau B. Neihnalak mintaang gelhzia. Gtn Hih kalaibu sim dihve. Tua laikung kei aa hi. Na sum limtak kem in. Ama khedapte gol thei mahmah. Ko innah hong hawh lo ding maw? Ih puante na pho in. Gamdangah ei pau kizang lo hi. No lamah bang thuthu om hiam? Amau deihna na zui phot in.

1. Hih in, ka laibu ahi hi. Hih laibu in, kei-a ahi hi. Hih in, keima laibu ahi hi. 2. Hua in, I sanginn ah hi. 59

keimah mah nangmah mah amah mah komau mah eimau mah nomau mah amau mah

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SINNAXXV MUNLAHNA (THE PREPOSITION) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Tua laibu in, singkuang sungah a om hi. Tua laibu in, singkuang tungah a om hi. Tua laibu in, singkuang nuai-ah a om hi. Tua laibu in, singkuang gei-ah a om hi. Tua laibu in, singkuang pangah a om hi. Tua laibu in, singkuang mai-ah a om hi. A tunga kammalte “sung, tung, nuai, gei, pang, mai,” te in laibu omna mun hong gen hi. Hih cibang kammalte pen, Munlahna (Preposition) kici hi: Munlahna (Preposition) pawlkhatte pen a nuai a bangin Mintaang te (Pronouns) tawh zong kizangkhawrn thei hi. gtn. 1. Vantung in, eite tunglamah a om hi. 2.Taang in, ka kiangah a tu hi. 3.Kei-in, nang tawh kong paikhawm ding hi. 4.Tua ui-in taang’ nungah a zui hi. 5.Ka pangah Lia a tu hi. Telgenna: Munlahna (Preposition) i cih in, mi khat peuhpeuh ahk- na khat peuhpeuh a omna mun a kawk kammal ahi hi. Munlahna (Preposition) in, Min (noun) ahk. Mintaang (Pronoun) khat peuh nungah, hong pai tawntung hi. Mikangte in Munlahna (Preposition) a cih uh, to, at, under, in, on, above, below’ cihte khempeuh ei’pau-in: (a) ‘ah’vive tawh kizom hi a, Rev. Cope in,’ah’khempeuh a kimatin na gelh ahih manin, tua mah zuih dingin hoih hi. gtn., kiangah, tungah, nuai-ah, khua-ah, sungah, adt... (b) ahi, ailing, nailing, tailing, mateng, adt.... 61

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(c) ‘in’= hangin, ciangin, manin, dongin, panin, laitakin, ma-in, sungin zui-in, pai-in, dingin, takin, adt.... Ei pau ah’in’a kizatna tam mahmah hi. Munlahna (Preposition) a a kizatna munte: (a) hangin, ciangin, manin, dingin, dongin, cihte ah, a kimatin ih gelh ding hi a, a, e, i, o, u, h, 1, p te tawh a kizom ciangin a kisim khialh loh nadingin’thekna! (hyphen) tawh dal ding ahi hi. Ahih hangin, (b) Amah’in’i cih leh, a kimat lo ding ahi hi. (c) Sawlnate zong a kihal ding ahi hi. gtn., Tu in, Sem in, Pai in, i cih leh ‘sawlna hi a, a kihal ding hi. Tu-in pai-in sem in, ih cih leh tumal-in vapai a sem dinga sawlna hi a, tu-in malkhat pai-in malkhat a gelh ding ahi hi. i leh i kizom ahih manin. (-) tawh ih sawl hi. Na kong khak in, hong nang in. -khak dinga sawlna; Na kongkhak in, hong nang in. Na kong khak-in (inla) hong nang in. -kongkhak tawh nang dinga sawlna; (d) “tawh” pen a tuamin kiding sak hi. nang tawh, amah tawh, kei tawh, Hei tawh a sui hi. (e) Awmal khat a nei munlak kammalte tangdin ding hi. Inn sung na phiat in. Amah in Pasian kiang a zuan hi. (f) Awmal nih a nei munlak kammalte kimat ding hi. gtn., kiangah, sungah, geinai, saklam, kikal, khungdawn, sunglam, pualam,

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THUZOPNA (THE CONJUNCTION) Telgenna: Kammal khat leh khat ahk. laigual khat leh khat zopna dinga, a kizang kammal khat in, Thuzopna (Conjuotion) kici hi. gtn. 1. Thangpu leh Khampite in, lawmta ahi uh hi. 2. Thangpu in, hanciamin sem napi-in Khampi a thadah hi. 3. Suanpi laisiamin, nasep zong a hahkat hi. 4. Khampi-in, pilna a deih ahih hangin, hanciam nuam lo hi. 5. Pauta zawng ding hi, banghanghiam cih leh, nasem nuamlo hi. A tung a laigualte ih et ciangin, kammal khat leh khat a zom ahk. laigual khat leh khat a zom, kammalte ahi, “leh, napi-in, zong, ahih hangin, banghanghiam cih leh,” cihte i mu hi. Hih cibang kammalte khempeuh in,Thuzopna (Conjunction) kici hi. Hih thuzopna ahk. kamzopna (Conjunction) pen, ei’pau in “a, leh, ahi, hinapi, hinapi-in, zongin, hangin, ahih kei leh, Mun, bangin, phetin, manin, khitin, simloh, a kipan, longal/ lobuang, keingal/keibuang leh, taleh, hita leh, ahinak leh, lecin, le-uh, leucin, inla, unla, henla, cih atuamtuamte pen, kamvui nih ahi a, kammal nih ahi zongin ih peh ciangin ih zang hi. Vasa leeng hi. Ngasa in tui peek hi. Vasa leeng a, ngasa in tui peek hi. Nang leh kei; Ama paina leh kei paina: and; Ka pa a pai ciangin ka ui un a zui hi. when; Lai ih pil leh nasep ngah baih hi. if; A thawh baih manin nasep zo baih pah hi. because; Pai inla vagen in. and; Nasep a zawh baih nadingin tho baih hi. for; Zekaai napi-in nasep zo mahmah hi. Kong tun dong na om ou.

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Na hahkat leh lai ong niteh. Vasate bangci kiho cih thei keng. Koi pan hong pai cih thei keng. A hehna a hang thei keng. A lau manin taaipah vingveng. Na kisik keingal leh vantung tung kei niteh. Nong gen a kipan kikheel pah keei ka hi ve. Na pai ma-in sem pak ve. Kong pai ding lam na genkhol ou. Ni asat laitakin pho pak ve. A san longal a meel dang om lo hi. Amah simloh kikim keei to e. Tho leh thosi ka mu hi. A u dah loin a hen hi. Amah a nuama kei ka dah hi. Amah pil napi laisim thadah hi. “in” leh “a” pen thuzopna a a kizat ciangin, a kizompih kammalte tawh kimat ding hi. A kisap leh thekna tawh kidei ding hi. Kammal a kibang veve Munlahna leh Thuzopna aa kizang khawm pawl khat om thei hi. Hihte pen a kicingin kigen zo nai lo hi. LAMDANG SAKNA (INTERJECTION) Telgenna: Hih lamdang sakna (Interjection) i cihte pen, larnethetloh a hong piang thukhat hangin ahk. thuakna ahk. lungnopnate alakkhia kammalte ahi hi. gtn., Oh! Hallo!Ah!Alas!. Alaihsaih! Ka laihsaih! Nuvaw! Pavaw! Nu-ei! Pa-ei! Awih! Eh! Khai! cihte ahi hi. Hih lamdang sakna kammalte nungah, lamdang sakna a lak, ciaptehna (!) in, zuiden ding hi. Ahi zongin, a maute in, laigual khat bawl simin, kisap harntang luatna omlo hi. Kampau Luanzia

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SINNA XXVI NEIHNA LAK MINTS (NOUN POSSESIVE) gtn., 1. Tua pasalno ii laibu in, sabuai tungah om hi. 2. Nemno ii ui pen, ngawngpak kici hi. 3. Tua kumpipa ii sakol pen, a kaang hi. 4. Tua naungek ii khete gawng hi. Atunga laigualte enleng, “etlawm loin, a sim zong nuamlo hi. Tuate tangin, a nuai-abangin, i genthei hi. 1. Tua pasalno’ laibu in, sabuai tungah om hi. 2. Nemno’ ui pen, ngawngpak kici hi. 3. Tua kumpipa! sakol pen, kang hi. 4. Tua naungek’khete pen, gawng hi. Telgenna: Hih cibangin i gen ciangin, neihna hong lak ahih manin, hih bang kammalte pen, Neihna lak (Possessive Case) kici hi. “Tua pasalno’laibu” a cih ciangin, tua laibu pen, tua pasalno’neihsa hi, a cih nopna ahi hi. “Nemno’ ui” acih ciangin, tua ui pen, Nemno’ neihsa a cih nopna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin, “Tua kumpipa! sakol leh, tua naungek’khe acih ciangin zong, a tunga mah bangin tua kumpipa! sakol leh tua naungek’ khe pen, a mau neihsa a hihna a gentuak ahi hi. Neihsa genna apian theihna dingin, Min (noun) nungah Neihsalak “Apostrophe ( ‘ )” gelhna tawh i bawl hi. A tam ahi zongin, khat kia ahi zongin tua bang mahin kibawl hi. gtn., 1. Sannu’labu. 2. Numeite’ nikte. 3. Vasa’ bu 4. Sakolte’ meite. 5. Gutapa’ khutte. 6. Naupangte’ puante. 65

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Mintaang Pronoun I You We They He She It

Neihna lak pianzia Neihsa lak mintaang Mimalmintaang Possesive Adj. Possesive Pro. Personal Pro.

Kei Nang Note Eite Kote Amaute Twang Lia Amah

my ka your na’ no’ our ih ko’ their amau’ his taang’ her lia’ its ama’

mine yours no ours theirs his hers its

kei a nang a a ei a ko a amau a taang a lia a ama a

me you us them him her it

kei’, ka nang’ no’ ei’ ko’ amau’ taang! lia’ ama’

I, my, mine, me 1. I have a book. 2. This is my book. 3. This book is mine. 4. This book belongs to me.

Kei, ka, kei a, kei’ Kei-in laibu khat nei-ing. Hihin ka laibu ahi hi. Hih laibu in kei a hi. Hih laibu kei’ neihsa hi.

You, your, yours, you 1. You have a book. 2. This is your book. 3. This book is yours. 4. This book belongs to you.

Nang, na, nang a, nang’ Nang laibu khat nei teh. Hih in na laibu hi._ Hih laibu in nang a hi. Hih laibu nang’ neihsa hi.

We, our, ours, us 1. We have a house. 2. This is our house. 3. This house is ours. 4. This house belongs to us.

Eite, ih, ei a, ei’ Eite in, inn khat nei hang. Hih in, ih inn hi. Hih inn in, ei a hi. Hih inn, ei’ neihsa hi.

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They, their, theirs, them 1. They have a car. 2. This is their car. 3. This car is theirs. 4. This car belongs to them.

Amaute, amau, amau a, amau’ Amaute in mawtaw khat nei uh hi. Hih in, amau mawtaw hi. Hih mawtaw in, amau a hi. Hih mawtaw, amau’ neihsa hi.

He, his, his, him Taang, taang’, taang a, taang’ 1. He has a pen. Taang in laikung khat nei hi. 2. This is his pen. Hih in, taang’ laikung hi. 3. This pen is his. Hih laikung in, taang a ahi hi. 4. This pen belongs to him. Hh laikung, taang’ neihsa hi.

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She, her, hers, her 1. She has a pen. 2. This is her pen. 3. This pen is hers. 4. This pen belongs to her.

Lia, lia’, lia a, lia’ Lia in, laikung khat nei hi. Hih in, lia’ liakung hi. Hih laikung in, lia ahi. Hih laikung, lia’ neihsa hi.

It, its, its, it 1. It has a tail. 2. This is its tail. 3. This tail is its. 4. This tail belongs to it.

Amah, ama’, ama a, ama’ Amah in, meii khat nei hi. Hih in, ama’meii ahi hi. Hih meii-in, ama a hi. Hih meii, ama’neihsa hi.

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SAIKAK/TEHKAKKAMMALTE (COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES) Gtn. 1. Mangpu in, a thahat mikhat ahi hi. 2. Mangpu sangin Thangpu hatzaw hi. 3. Tua mite thum lakah Mungno a hat pen ahi hi. “Mangpu in, a thahat mi khat ahi hi.” I cih ciangin, a thahatna pen, midangte thahatna tawh I saikak kei hi. Hih cibanga Pianzia lakte (Adjective) pen, Pianzia lak dinmun (Positive Degree) kici hi. Hih Pianzia lak dinmun (Positive Degree) in, na khat peuh ahk. Mikhat peuh sungah (quality) hih theihna a omlam a genlel ahi hi. Saikhakna a omloh ciangin, a kizang kammal ahi hi. Telgenna: “Mangpu sangin Thangpu a hatzaw hi”, I cih ciangin, mi nihte “Mangpu leh Thangpu,” a saikak ihi hi.. Amaute gel lakah khat in, a hatzawkna a gen ihi hi. Hihcibang Pianzia lak ahi (Adjective) “Hatzaw” pen Tehkakna dinmun (Comparison Degree) kici hi. Bang hang hiam cih leh, Positive sangin, Degree a sang zaw sep theihna (quality) nei, a hih man hi. Mite nih ahk. Nate nih saikakna ah kizang hi. “Mungno in, tua minthum lakah, a hatpen ahi hi,” I cih ciangin Mangpu leh Thangpu leh Mungno-te a saikak I hi a, tua mite thum akah Mungno, in a hatpen ahihna, a gen ihi hi. Hihcibang hat pen cih Pianzia kammal pen (Adjective), Dinmun Sangpen (Superlative Degree) kici hi. Banghanghiam cih leh, a sangpen Degree ahi, quality aneihna thu gen hi.Amah pen, nih sanga a tamzaw mite ahk. Nate saikakna-ah kizang hi. Tehkakna dinmun (Comparative Degree) leh Dinmun Sang pen (Superlative Degree) I bawl nadingin, Positive nungah “zaw” leh “pen” behlapna tawh kibawl dimdiam thei hi.

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AHIHNA POSITIVE (ADAN) Hang Zai Lungdam Gik Hoih Pil Ngaihbaang Hat Siam

TEHKAKNADINMUN DINMUNSANGPEN COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE (ZAW) (PEN) hangzaw hangpen zaizaw zaipen lungdamzaw lungdampen gikzaw gikpen hoihzaw hoihpen pilzaw pilpen ngaihbaangzaw ngaihbaangpen hatzaw hatpen siamzaw siampen

Saikakna bawl nadingin, Mikangpau ah thu guikhun a tuamtuam om ahih hangin, ei Zomite adingin, “zaw leh pen” behlapna tawh kicing khin pahlel ahih manin, Zomite I hamphatna khat ahi hi. SSSSSSSSSS

SINNA XXVII HUN LAHKHIATNA (THE TENSE) Telgenna: Hun lahkhiatna (Tense) i cih pen, sepna ahk. a kisephun lahkhiatna dinga sepna (verb) a kikhelna pen Hun lahkhiatna (Tense) kici hi. Hun lahkhiatna (Tenses) i cih pen nampi thum om hi. Tua-te in: 1. The Present Tense (Tu hun) 2. The Past Tense (A beisa hun) 3. The Future Tense ( Mailam hun) A. Tu Hun (Present Tense) 1. Tua lai-ah ni simin, ka pai hi. 2.Hih lai-ah tu ni-in, kapa a om hi. 3. Ni-in siangtakin, a taang hi. B. A Beisa Hun (Past Tense) 1. Tua lai-ah ni simin, ka paikhin hi. 2. Hih lai-ah zanin, kapa omkhin hi. 3. Ni-in siangtakin, a taangkhin hi. C. Mailam Hun (Future Tense) 1. Tua lai-ah ni simin, ka paiding hi. 2. Hih lai-ah zing ciangin, kapa omding hi. 3. Ni-in siangtakin, a taangding hi. Section A. sunga sepna (verb) te ahi “pai,om, taang,” te in tu hun mahmah a kisem gamtat nate hong lak ahih manin hih sepna (verb) te pen Tuhun (Present Tense) kici hi. Tense i cih pen a tomin ci leng, “Hun” cih nopna ahi hi.

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Section B. sunga sepna (verb) ahi “pailchin, omkhin, tangkhin,” te in, a beisa hun a nasepna hong lak ahih manin, tua sepna (verb) te pen, A Beisa Hun (Past Tense) kici hi. Section C. na sunga sepna (verb) te ahi “paiding, omding, taangding,” cihte in, mailam hun ahongpiang ding lametna ahk. genkholhna honglak ahih manin, hih bang gamtatnate (verb) pen, Mailam hun (Future Tense) kici hi. Mailam Hun (Future Tense) bawlna dingin, Tu Hun (Present Tense) nungah “ding” kammal ki behlap hi.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

TUHUN (PRESENT TENSE) Tu Hun (Present Tense) i cih pen nam li pha hi. Tuate in, 1. Tu Hunpi (Simple Present Tense) 2. Tu Hun Laitak (Present Continuous Tense) 3. Tu Hun Khitphet/lim (Present Perfect Tense) 4. Tu Hun Khitphet/ lim Laitak (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

3.Tu Hun Khitphet/lim (Persent Perfect Tense) 1. Englang ah, Taang kum sawmnga sung na teeng khinzo hi. 2. Taang in, laibu khempeuh na sim khinzo hi. 3. Kei-in, ka laibu innah ka na nusia khinzo hi. 4. Nang in, hih exercise hoih takin na na sem khinzo hi. 5. Kei-in, ka nasep ka na sem khinzo hi. 6. Tua laibu thu, ka na pai khinzo hi. 7. New York ah, kei ka na pai khinzo hi. 8. Kei-in, motor hawlding ka na sin khinzo hi. 9. Kei-in, na tampi ka na sem khinzo hi. 10. Kei-in, ka motor kum khat sung ka na nei khinzo hi.

1. Tu Hunpi (Simple Present Tense) 1. Ken’ Zopau ka pau hi. En’ Zopau i pau hi. 2. Nang’ Zopau na pau hi. Note in, Zopau na pau uh hi. 3. Taang ahk. Lia in Zopau a pau hi. 4. Amaute in, Zopau a pau uh hi. 5. Kimnu in, ngaih/ngeih talon la a sa hi. 6. Tua ui sual tungah a lum hi. 7. Huih anung hi. 8. Huih lakah vasate a leeng uh hi. 2. Tu Hun Laitak.(Present Continuous Tense) 1. Taang in tui a dawn laitak ahi hi. 2. Lia in, an a nek laitak ahi hi. 71

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Amaute in, Hotel sungah a taam laitak ahi uh hi. Ui in, a ihmut laitak ahi hi. Vasate in, a len laitak uh ahi hi. Naupangte in, a kimawl laitak uh ahi hi. Ken’ an ka nek laitak ahi hi. Nang’ an na nek laitak ahi hi. Note in, an na nek laitak uh ahi hi. eite in, an i nek laitak ahi hi. Taang ahk. Lia ahk. Amah in, an a nek laitak ahi hi.

4.Tu Hun Khiphet/lim laitak (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) 1. Kimnu in a nungak tuunga kipan, la na sasa khinzo hi. 2. Tua ui zan nitaka kipan, sual tungah na lumlum khinzo hi. 3. Nung Nipi a kipan, huih na nungnung khinzo hi. 4. Lia in den a kipanin, an a na nene khinzo ahi hi. 5. Naupangte in zingtunga kipan, na kimawlmawl khinzo uh hi. 6. Ka neu tunga kipanin, Mikangpau ka na paupau khinzo hi.

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A BEISA HUN (PAST TENSE) A Beisa hun (Past Tense) in nam li-in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in: 1. A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense) 2. A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense) 3. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tense) 4. A Beisa Hun Khit Laitak (Past Perfect Continuous Tense) 1.A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense) gtn. 1. Palikpa in, gutapa a man khin hi. 2. Amaute in, sum a pia khin uh hi. 3. Taang in, Cingno a thei khin hi. 4. Lia in, zatui kei hong pia hin hi. 5. Eite in, bawling I sui khin hi.

MAILAMHUN (FUTURE TENSE) Mailam Hun (Future Tense) namli in kikhen thei hi. Tuate in: 1. Mailam Hunpi (Simple Future Tense) 2. Mailam Hun Laitak (Future Continuous Tense) 3. Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim (Future Perfect Tense) 4. Mailam Hun Khit Laitak (Future Perfect Continuous Tense)

2. A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tesnse) gtn. 1. Palikpa in, gutapa a matkhit laitak ahi hi. 2. Amaute in, sum a piakkhit laitak ahi hi. 3. Taang in, Cingno a theihkhit laitak ahi hi. 4. Lia in, zatui kei hong piakkhit laitak hi. 5. Eite in, bawling I suihkhit laitak ahi hi. 3. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tense) gtn. 1. Palikpa in, gutap a na man khinzota hi. 2. Amaute in, sum a na thei khinzota uh hi. 3. Taangin, Cingno a na thei khinzota hi. 4. Lia in, zatui kei hong na pia khinzota hi. 5. Eite in, bawling I na sui khinzota hi.

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4. A Beisa Hun Khit Laitak (Past Perfect Continuous Tense) gtn. 1. Palikpa in, gutapa a na manman khinzota hi. 2. A maute in, sum a na piapia khinzota uh hi. 3. Taang in, Cingno a na theithei khinzota hi. 4. Lia in, zatui kei hong na piapia khinzota hi. 5. Eite in, bawling i na suisui khinzota hi.

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1. Mailam Hunpi (Simple Future Tesne) gtn. 1. Kei in, inn ah ka ciah ding hi. 2. Nang in, na tai ding uh hi. 3. Kote in, ka pai ding uh hi. 4. Taang in, tui a peek/zam ding hi. 5. Lia in, la a sa ding hi. 2. Mailam Hun Laitak (Future Continuous Tense) gtn. 1. Kei in, inn ah ka ciah ding laitak hi. 2. Nang in, na tai ding laitak hi. 3. Kote in, ka pai ding laitak uh hi. 4. Taang in, tui a peek ding laitak hi. 5. Lia in, la a sak ding laitak hi. Kampau Luanzia

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3. Mailam Hun Khitphet/ lim (Future Perfect Tense) gtn. 1. Kei in, inn ah ka na ciah khinzo tading hi. 2. Nang in, na na tai khinzo tading hi. 3. Kote in, ka na pai khinzo tading uh hi. 4. Taang in, tui a na peek khinzo tading hi. 5. Lia in, la a na sa khinzo tading hi. 4. Mailam Hun Khit Laitak (Future Perfect Continuous Tense) gtn. 1. Kei in, inn ah ka na ciahciah khinzo tading hi. 2. Nang in, na na taitai khinzo tading hi. 3. Kote in, ka na paipai khinzo tading uh hi. 4. Taang in, tui a na peekpeek khinzo tading hi. 5. Lia in, la a na sasa khinzo tading hi. Hun Tense

Hunpi Simple

Present Past Future

tai tai khin tai ding

Hun laitak Hun khitphet/lim Continous Perfect tai laitak taikhin laitak tai ding laitak

Hunkhitlaitak Perfect Cont.

na tai khinzo nataitaikhinzo na tai khinzota na taitai khinzota na tai khinzo tading na taitai khinzo tading

SSSSSSSSSS

SINNA XXVIII HUN LAH KHIATNABAWLDAN (FORMATION OF TENSE) Hun lah khiatna (Tense) ih cih pen, ih theihsa mah bangin, nampi thum om a, Tuhun (Present Tense), A beisa hun (Past Tense), Mailam hun (Future Tense) te ahi uh hi. Hun khat sim in (Tense) khenli ciat nei uh a, a vekpi-in khensawm leh khennih pha hi. Tense bawldan ih telbaih theih nadingin, Hunpite (Simple Tense), Hun laitakte (Continuous Tense), Hun khitphet/ lim (Perfect Tense) leh Hun khit laitak (Perfect Continuous Tense) cih bangin, hih khenli-te tungtawnin ih bawl ding hi. 1. Hunpite (Simple Tense) A. Tu Hunpi (Simple Present Tense) .... Thangpu a tai hi. B. A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense) ... Thangpu a tai khin hi. C. Mailam Hunpi (Simple Future Tense) ... Thangpu a tai ding hi. A. Tu hunpi (Simple Present Tense) i cih in, tu huna piang thu genna pakbek hi a, a piang khinsa leh a piang nailote genna hilo hi. Tua banah zongsatna khatpeuh, a hunhun a sepna khatpeuh genna ah kizang hi. gtn. nisim, naisim, kalsim, khasim, kumsim... adt. Tu hunpi (Simple Present Tense) bawl nadingin, a dang kammal gawmbeh kul loin,tai’cih kammal tawh kicingpah hi. B. A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense) i cihin, nunglamhun a, a piangsa thu genna pak hilel in, tuhun leh mailamhun ahk. nunglamhun a, apiangpiang ngeisa thute genna ahi kei hi. A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense) bawl nadingin, sepna (verb) ahi,’tai’nungah a beisa hun hong lak ahi’khin’ kammal gawmbeh ding ahi hi.

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gtn., pai khin, pek khin, dawn khin, lei khin, kap khin, tai khin... adt. C. Mailam Hunpi (Simple Future Tense) i cih in, maihun a hong pianglai ding thu genpakna hi a, tuhun hita leh nunglamhun hita leh, hong paipai lai ding hunte hita leh, telgenna hilo hi. Mailam Hunpi (Simple Fu-ture Tense) bawl nadingin, sepna (verb) ahi, ‘tai’ nungah a piang ding thu a lak kammal ahi’ding’ kigawmbeh hi. gtn. pai ding, pet ding, dawn ding, lei ding, kap ding... adt. 2. Hun Laitakte (Continuous Tense) A. Tuhun Laitak (Present Continuous Tense) Thangpu a tai laitak ahi hi. B. A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense) Thangpu a tai khit laitak ahi hi. C. Mailam Hun Laitak (Future Continuous Tense) Thangpu a tai ding laitak ahi hi. A. Tuhun laitak (Present Continuous Tense) i cih in, tu hun laitak a, a piang a piangsan, a piang laitak thu a gen ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Tuhun laitak (Present Continuous Tense) bawl nadingin sepna (verb) ahi,’tai’ nungah laitak’ behlapna tawh i bawl hi. Tua ahih manin verb khat peuhpeuh nungah ‘laitak’ behlapna tawh Tuhun Laitak (Present Continuous Tense) kibawl hi. gtn. pai laitak, peh laitak, dawn laitak, lei laitak, kah laitak.. adt. adt. B. A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense) i cih in, a beisa ahk. nunglamhuna a sep khit hinapi-in, a sep laitak thu genna ahi hi. Tua hi-in, Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense) bawl nadingin sepna (verb) ahi,’tai’ nungah ‘khit laitak’ cih kammal gawmbehna tawh i bawl hi. Tua ahih manin, verb khat peuhpeuh nungah ‘khit laitak behlapna tawh A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense) kibawl hi. 77

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gtn. pai khit laitak, peh khit laitak, dawn khit laitak, lei khit laitak, kah khit laitak, ..... adt. (Sep kipan khinin kisem zomzom lel laitak cihnopna hi.) Zomite in,’tai khit laitak’ cih bang kammal pen, a menmen in zang mengmeng lo i hih manin, khial a sa zong om kha thei ding hi. ‘Laitak’ i cih in, na khat peuhpeuh a piansaan laitak, a kisepsaan laitak genna hi a, ‘khin’ ahk. khit’ in, nunghun, a beisa hun genna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, a beisa huna, a kisepsaan laitak thu gen nuam leng, khit laitak’ cih longal, kammal dang zat ding, Zopau om lo hi. ‘Khin ahk. khit’ cih kammal pen, Tuhun Khitphet/lim (Present Perfect Tense), Tuhun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Present Perfect Continuous Tense), A Beisa Hunpi (Simple Past Tense), A Beisa Hun Laitak (Past Continuous Tense), A Beisa hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tens:), A Beisa Hunkhitphet/lim Laitak (Past Perfect Continuous Tense), Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim (Future Perfect Tense) leh Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Future Perfect Continuous Tense) te ah kizang hi. Hih ‘khin ahk. khit’ pen, A Beisa Hun (Past Tense) sung khempeuh ah, hong kihel hamtang ding hi. Tua banah Tuhun banah Tuhun (Present Tense) leh Mailam Hun (Future Tense) sungah “Picing” lahna ahi Khitphet/lim (Perfect Tense) kammal a omna Tense sung peuhpeuh ah kizang hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, a kisepsaan, na khat pen, a picin ding genkholhna leh a kisem ding na khat pen, a picin ding genkholhna ahih manin, khin ahk. khit’i zat a kul ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Zopau a siam mi peuhmah in, hih Tense-te pen mantak a zat pelmawh ding ahi hi. A kitel thei bek dingin, kampau ding hi loin, a luanzia mantak leh, Tense mantak a pau ding leh gelh ding ahi hi. C. Mailam Hun Laitak (Future Continuous Tense) i cih in, a piang nailo, a piang ding thute a piang laitak banga, genna ahi hi. Mailam Hun Laitak (Future Continuous Tense) bawl nadingin, sepna (verb) ahi,’tai’ nungah’ding laitak’ kammal behlapna tawh kibawl hi. Kampau Luanzia

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gtn. pai ding laitak, peh ding laitak, dawn ding laitak, lei ding laitak, kah ding laitak ...adt.

gtn. pai khinzota ding, pet khinzotading, lei khinzota ding, dawn khinzota ding, kap khinzota ding, .... adt.

3. Hun Khitphet/lim te (Perfect Tense) A. Tuhun Khitphet/lim (Present Perfect Tense) Thangpu a na tai khin zo hi. B. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tense) Thangpu a na tai khinzota hi. C. Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim (Future Perfect Tense) Thangpu a na tai khinzota ding hi.

4. Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Perfect Continuous Tense) A. Tuhun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Present Perfect Cont. Tense) Thangpu a na taitai khinzo hi. B. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Past Perfect Cont. Tense) Thangpu a na taitai khinzota hi. C. Mai Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Future Perfect Cont. Tense) Thangpu a na taitai khinzota ding hi.

A. Tuhun Khitphet/lim (Present Perfect Tense) i cih in tuhun Laitak a, a piang thu ahk. nakhat a picinna, hong gen hi. Tua ahih manin Tuhun (Present Tense) a zat, sepna (verb)’tai’nungah picinna kammal a lak, ‘khinzo! behlapna tawh, Tuhun Khitphe/lim (Present Perfect Tense) kibawl hi. gtn. pai khinzo, pet khinzo, lei khinzo, dawn khinzo, kap khinzo, adt.

A. Tuhun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Present Perfect Continuous Tense) i cih in, tu hunkhat lai a kipan, sepna khatpeuh ahk. zongsatna khat peuh a kizom toto, tu hun donga kizom to lai thute tu-in picing khinta ahihna thu, genna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, sepna (verb) ahi, tai’ nungah, a kizop laina genna in, ‘tai’mal khat leh, picing khin ahihna genna in, ‘khinzo’gawmbeh ding ahi hi. gtn. Paipai khinzo, petpet khinzo, dawndawn khinzo, leilei khinzo, kapkap khinzo, pekpeek khinzo, adt.

B. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tense) i cih in, a beisa hun a thu piang picing zota a hihna, hong gen hi. Tua ahih manin, sepna (verb) ahi, ‘tai’ nungah picing khinzo ahihna kammal lah nadingin “khinzota” gawm behna tawh A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim (Past Perfect Tense) kibawl hi. gtn- pai khinzota, pet khinzota, lei khinzota, dawn khinzota, kap khinzota, adt. C. Mailam Hun Khitphet//Iim (Future Perfect Tense) i cih in, a hong piang nailo, a piang ding thute a pianhun cianga, a picing khinsa banga, genna ahi hi.. Tua ahih manin, sepna (verb) ahi, lai’nungah picinna lahna, khinzota! leh madam hun kawkna ahi,ding behlapna tawh, Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim (Future Perfect Tense) kibawl hi. 79

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B. A Beisa Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Past Perfect Continuous Tense) i cih in a beisa hun khat lai a kipan sepna a kizom toto, a beisa hun khat ah a picinna genna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, sepna (verb) ahi,’tai” nungah kizop lama genna in “tai’ mal khatleh, picing khinzo ahihna genna-in, khinzota’gawmbeh ding ahi hi. gtn. paipai khinzota, petpet khinzota, dawndawn khinzota, leilei khinzota, kapkap khinzota, adt. C. Mailam Hun Khitphet/lim Laitak (Future Perfect Continuous Tense) in, mailam hun, hun khat pana, kipan, a kizom toto a, a picin hun khat ding dong, gen kholhna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Kampau Luanzia

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sepna (verb) ahi,tai’ nungah, kizom toto ahihna lahna in, “tai’ kammal khat leh picing khin banga ngaihsutna lahna in, khinzota! Leh, hong tung ding ahihna mailam hun lahna in, ‘ding’ to ki behlap hi. gtn. paipai khinzota ding, petpet-khinzota ding, leilei khizota ding, dawndawn khinzota ding, kapkap khinzota ding, .... adt. SSSSSSSSSS

SINNA XXIX LAIGUAL TUAMTUAMTE THU (KINDS OF SENTENCES) Sinna XXI na sungah laigual (Sentence) thu pawl khat ih sinkhin zo hi. Tu in laigual (Sentence) tuamtuamte thu ih sinta ding hi. Laigual Sentence nam thum om a, tuate in; 1. Ahi laigual (Positive Sentence) 2. Ahi Lo laigual (Negative Sentence) 3. Dottelna laigual (Interrogative Sentence) ahi hi. 1. AHI LAIGUAL (POSITIVE SENTENCE) Ahi laigual (Positive Sentence) ih cih in, laigual (sentence) khat sunga, ‘lo, kei, keng’ cih a om lote ahi hi. Ahi genna laigual ahi hi. 2. AHILOLAIGUAL (NEGATIVE SENTENCE) Ahi Lo laigual (Negative Sentence)ih cih in, laigual (Sentence) khat sunga, ‘lo, kei, keng’ cih kammalte a kihel laigualte ahi hi. Ahi lo genna laigualte ahi hi. 3. DOTNA LAIGUAL (INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE) Dotna laigual (Interrogative Sentence) I cih in, laigual (sentence) kaht sunga, dotna kammalte ahi, “na, hia, hiam, maw, vua,” a kihel laigual (sentence) te hi. Positive Sentence 1. Kei in, nasep ka hanciam hi. Interrogative Sentence 2. Kei in, nasep ka hanciam hia?/ na?/ maw?/ hiam? Negative Sentence 3. Kei in, nasep ka hanciam kei hi. Interrogative Sentence 4. Kei in, nasep ka hanciam kei hia/hiam/ na/maw?

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Positive Sentence 1. Kei in, sang ka kah nuam hi. Interrogative Sentence 2. Kei in, sang ka kah nuam hiam?/hia?/ maw?/na? Negative Sentence 3. Kei in, sang ka kah nuam kei hi. (Kei sang kah nuam keng/lo) Negative Sentence 4. Kei sang ka kah nuam kei hiam?/hia?/ maw?/ na? (Kei sang kah naumlo ka hiam?/hia?/maw?) Theihding: Pau khat peuhpeuh ah, laipau leh kampau ci-in, namnih kinei ciat hi. Grammar asin ih hih manin, laipau vive kizang zaw hi. Tua a hih manin, hih laibu sung khempeuh ah, ‘kei in, nang-in, note in, cih te leh,’ ahi hi. Ahi tam’ cih te kizang hi. Kampau na-ah ahih leh, theihsa (understood) in kingaihsun ahih manin, “kei-in, note in, nangin,” cihte kizang nawn loin, theihsa in kingaihsun ahih manin, kinusia cip lel hi. A tunga laigual (Sentence) te gentehna in lapak leng, ‘kei in,’ a cih kammal peuhmah kinusia dinga, ‘hiam’ cih zong kizang lo ding hi. Kampau: 1. Sang ka kah nuam hi. 2. Sang ka kah nuam hia?/maw?/na? 3. Sang ka kah nuam kei hi. (Sang kah nuam keng) (Sang kah nuam lo) 4. Sang ka kah nuam kei hia?/maw?/na?

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GENBANGA GENNA LEH GENSAWNNATE (DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH) Mi khat thugen pen, eite in namnih in ih gen khiahkik thei hi. A genpa’ genbang lianlian a, gen kikna pen, Genbanga Genna (Direct Speech) kici hi. A dang khat pen, a genpa genbang lianlian in genkik sangsik in a genpa kammal pulak sakin ih gen thei hi. Hih pen Gensawnnate (Indirect Speech) kici hi. ntn. Thangpi-in, “Kei-in khual kazin ding hi,” a ci hi. Hih in Genbanga Genna (Direct Speech) hi a, agenpa Thangpi’ genbang lianlian a, genna ahi hi. Ahi zongin, “Thangpi-in, amah khual a zin ding, a gen hi,” ih cih ciangin, Thangpi’kampau lian banga agen kik hi loin, Thangpi-in khualzin a sawmna thu, midang khat in, a gensawnsak ahi hi. Hih cibangte pen, Gensawnna (Indirect Speech) kici hi. Genbanga Genna (Direct Speech) Gelhzia Genbanga Genna (Direct Speech) ih gelh ciangin, laigual (Sentence) gelhzia ngeina mah bangin laigual patna pen, laimalgol (Capital Letter) tawh pan ding hi. Agen thu teng ih gelh ciangin, tua a gen thu teng pen, kamhonna, kamkhakna (Quotation Mark or Inverted Comma - “….”) sungah koih ding hi. Tua banah, hih kamhonna, kamkhakna (Quotation mark) a kipatna leh a tawpna ah, husanna (Comma - , ) koih ding hi.

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Genbanga Genna (Direct Speech)Gensawnna(Indirect Speech) 1. Lia in, “Kei New York ka. pai

-Lia in, amah New York ah nuam hi,” a ci hi. a

pai noplam a gen hi. 2. Jesu in, “Kei in, lampi, thuman -Jesu in, amah pen lampi, thutak leh, nuntakna kahi hi, a ci thuman thuak leh nuntakna hi. ahih lam agen hi. 3. Philip in, “Topa aw, kote’ Pa - Philip in, Topa in amaute hong lakin,” a ci hi. Pa alah nading a ngen hi. 4. Jesu in, “Kei nong it uh leh, ka. -Jesu in; Amaute in amah a thupiakte nazui ding uh hi,” it uh leh, a thupiakte a zuih a ci hi. ding uh a hihlam gen hi.

ASEPNA THUPISAKNA LEH ASEP THUPISAKNA (ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE) Laigual thu i sinna sungah, laigual khat in khennih nei hi, ci-in ih sin zo hi. Tuate in, Asempa (Subject) leh athu, a sempa thu ahk. a sep thu (Predicate) ahi hi, cih ih thei zo hi. Tua ahih manin, Subject in sepna, abawl ciangin, tua bang laigual (Sentence) sungah sepna (verb) pen, Asepna Thupisak (Active Voice) kici hi. Asempa thupi sakna laigual (Sen-tence) ih ci hi. Tua mah bangin, asem pa (Subject) in, a thuakpa ahk. a ngah khapa ahih leh, tua laigual (Sentence) sunga sepna (Verb) pen, Asep thupisakna (Passive Voice) kici hi. Sepna a bawlpa sangin, a sepna ih lunglut zawka, ih thupisak zawk leh, Passive kizang ahi hi. gtn. Thangno in, la khat a sa hi, ih cih ciangin, lasapa ahi, Thangno bulphuh zaw, thupisak zaw a, thu gen ih hi gige hi. Ahi zongin, la khat pen, Thangno in, a sa hi, ih cih ciangin, a khiatna a kibang veve ahih 85

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hangin, Thangno sangin, a sak la, a thupisak zaw, a bulphuh zaw ihi hi. Thangno in, la khat a sa hi. (Active Voice) La khat pen, Thangno in a sa hi. (PassiveVoice) A Sepna Thupisak(Active Voice)ASep Thupisak (Passive Voice) Tuhun (Present Tense)

1. Cingno in, lengladei sung a phiat hi. 2. Taang in, ticket te a khawmhi. 3. Lia in, la khat a sa hi. 4. Sumbukpa in, aktuite a zuak hi.

Lengladei sung pen, Cingno in a phiat hi. Ticket te pen, Taang in a, khawm hi. La khat pen, Lia in a sa hi. Aktuite pen, sumbukpa’n a zuak hi.

A Beisa. Hun (Past Tense) 1.Cingno in lengladei sung a phiat khin hi. 2.Taang in, ticket te khawm khin hi. 3.Lia in, la khat sa khin hi. 4.Sumbukpa in aktuite zuak khin hi.

Lengladei sung pen Cingno in a phiat khin hi. Ticket te pen, Taang in khawm khin hi. La khat pen, Lia in sa khin hi Aktuite pen, sumbukpa in zuak khin hi.

Madam Hun (Future Tense) 1.Cingno in, lengladei sung hah ding hi. 2.Taang in, ticket te khawm ding hi. 3.Lia in, la khat sa ding hi. 4.Sumbukpa in, aktuite zuak ding hi.

Lengladei sung pen, Cingno in hah ding hi. Ticket te pen, Taang in khawm ding hi. La khat pen, Lia in sa ding hi Aktuite pen, sumbukpa in zuak ding hi.

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A tunga laigualte en leng, Active Voice panin, Passive Voice bawl nadingin, athuakpa ahk. athuakna hong masak khit ciangin, ‘pen’ cih kammal behlapna tawh a kibawllam i mu hi. Ahi zongin, kampaunaah ahihleh, ‘pen’ cih kammal behlap tektekse takeileng, piang thei hi. gtn. Lengladei sung, Cingno in hah hi. (Kampau) Lengladei sung, Cingno in hah khin hi. (Kampau) Lengladei sung, Cingno in hah ding hi. (Kampau) Mikangte in Active Voice panin, Passive Voice abawl uh ciangin, a verbte kikhel diamdiam hi. gtnPresent:

Lia sings a song. (Active Voice) A song is sung by Lia. (Passive Voice) Past: Lia sang a song. (A. V.) A song was sung by Lia. (P.V) Future: Lia will sing a song. (A. V.) A song will be sung by Lia. (P. V.) Ei Zolai-in ahihleh, sepna (verb)te ahi “sa, sakhin, sa ding,” cihte Active Voice hita leh Passive Voice hita leh, kikhelna nei tuan loin, a thuakna ahi ‘lakhat’ nungah, ‘pen’ gawmna ziau lel tawh Passive Voice kibawl thei hi. Mikanglai ah a kibuai mahmah hangin, ei Zolai ah buai luat nading om lo hi. Ahi zongin, laigual (sentence) khat peuhpeuh ih bawl ciangin ih phawkkhak loh hangin, ei Zolai in zong Active Voice leh Passive Voice ih hihlam ih theih gige dingin phawk ciat ni. SSSSSSSSSS

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SINNA XXX LAILEPNA LEH LAIMALPITE (PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS) Lai lepna ih cih in, laigual (sentence) te leh, gamtatna om lo lammal lomte (phrase) genna ah, amun khenna leh ciaptehnate ahi hi. Tuate in a naui a bang ahi hi. 1. Husanna………………………….. ,comma 2. Ngaklang………………………… ,semi-colon 3. Ngakna…………………………… ,colon 4. Tawpna…………………………… .fullstop, period 5. Dotna…………………………….. ?question mark 6. Phawnna………………………….. !exclamation mark 7. Kam honna, kam khakna………….. “__”quotation mark 8. Neihsa la, tanglak………………… ‘apostrophe 9. Thekna…………………………… -hyphen 10. Git-phei………………………….. _dash 11. Git-awn…………………………... /slash 12. Kual, umtuam…………………….. ( ) bracket LAILEPNA (PUNCTUATION) 1. Husanna (Comma): Kamvui ahi zongin, ataang taangin ahi zongin, na minte ahi zongin, gamtatnate ahi zongin, ih thugen bei nai loin kamvui khat sungah a tuamtuamte ih gawm ciangin, hosanna (comma) kikoih hi. gtn. Ni tum a, kha tang a, aksite hong kilang hi. Lai a sim ciang, thu a ngaihsut ciang, a om mawk ciang nangawnin daai mahmah hi. Kampau Luanzia

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(a)Nambat (Ganan) mal gelhna-ah (taklam pan sim) mal thum ciangin hosanna khat ta ki koih hi. gtn. 1,000;1,000,000. (b) mikhat pauna bang tek a ih suah sak nop ciangin, kam honna koih madeuhin hosanna kikoih masa hi. A pauna a bei ciangin, kam khakna ma-ah, hosanna kikoih leuleu hi. gtn. Siavuanpa in, cinapa kiangah, “Na dam ding hi,” a ci hi. ctd. Dotna leh phawnnate ah husanna kikoih ngei lo hi. (c)

A kisam, mipa telgennaleh kilatsakna-ah husanna kizang hi. gtn. Ciinno, an huan nai lo maw? Thangmual, Zogam a mual sang pen nihna leh Television Reflec-tor Tower a omna in, Tedim gam sungah a om hi. (d)

A banban a kigelh minte deina-in huianna kizang hi. gtn. Khuppi, Cingsan, Mangpu, Liankang leh Lambuahte unau ahi uh hi. Lo lai-ah vaimim, taang, bal leh be pokhawrn hi. (e)

Nimit gelhna-ah kizang hi. gtn. January 6,1995. 6th January, 1995

(f) A kitomlak kammalte deina-in kizang hi. gtn. M. A., M. R. E., D. D. (g)’leh! kammal nungah kizang lo ding hi. gtn. Note khat leh khat na ki-it un. ctd. Lai ih khet ciangin, husanna nungah laimal khatcia mun awngsak ding hi. gtn. An na huan inla, -puankawt teng zong napho in. 89

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(h) Hosanna pen zangkhial leng, a khiatna, kilehbulhsak thei hi. gtn.Kill him, not let him go. That in, suaktasak ken. Kill him not, let him go. That ken, suaktasak in. Buy not, too high. Lei ken, mansang lua. Buy, not too high. Lei-inmansang lua kei. I tell you the truth, today you will be with me in paradise. Ken aman takpi kong cih in, tu ni’n nang tawh Paradise ah ih ornkhawm ding hi. I tell you the truth today, you will be with me in Paradise. Tu ni’n ken a man takpi kong cih in, nang tawh Paradise ah ih omkhawm ding hi. 2. Ngaklang (semi-colon): Ngaklang (semi-colon) ciaptehna a om ciangin, husanna, sangin sauvei khawl zaw deuh hi. Laigual picing khat leh laigual picing adang khat zopna dingin, kammal zopna (conjunction) ahi, “Teh, in, a,….adt. “zang loin zopsuak theih lai nadingin kizang hi. gtn. Na hehnepnakammalte hangin, ka lawmpa a lungdam hi; a lungsim nuamsak hi; a dahna zong beisak hi. Hoih takina semin; tua hileh thaman kong pia ding hi. 3. Ngakna (colon): Ngakna in Ngaklang sangin sauvei kikhawl zawdeuh hi. Hih in, ih kamvui pen beisiang nai loin, ih gennop thu tampi hi a, a thu teng a nuai-ah hong kigen lai ding cih lahna ahi hi. gtn., Kong gennop a thu in: “Lam na kaan ciangin kidawm in. Lai na sim ciangin a hunhun in, tawlnga zelzel in. Nitakin lumbaih inla zingsangin tho baih in.” Tangko un: “Man ngen lo akhawnkhong hong hon hi.” (lh taangko ding pen a thu hong pai lai ding hi, cihna ahi hi.)

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(a) Lai Siangtho mun gelhna-ah a lian (chapter) ciapteh nadingin ngakna kikoih phot a, tua khit ciangin a neu nambat kigelh hi. gtn. Matthew 5:3-10; Mark 2:12,13; Luke a lian 1 pan a lian 3 a neu 6 ciang ih cih nop leh Luke 1-3:6; ci-in kigelh hi. (b) Nai gelhna-ah kizang hi.Huntehna pen sun laitak leh zan laitakin kikhen a, zan 12 pan sun 12 ciang pen Latinte a zui-in (ante meridiem) AM kici a., sun 12 pan zan 12 dong pen (post meridiem) PM kici hi. 7:30 AM 6:15 PM (c) Laigual nihte lakah a mass laigual khiatna a kitelzawk semsem nadingin, a nihna laigualin a kilatsak nading khenna in kizang hi. gtn. Taang in, mi muanhuai mahmah khat ahi hi: a sepna khempeuh ah citakin, bel mahmah hi. (d) Thu tuamtuamte sazian (list) khat sungah hel nadingin kizang hi. gtn. Nuntakna sungah a thupi penpen nate in: tui, huih, an, inn leh lo, nikten puansilh to ahi hi. 4. Tawpna (fullstop, period): Laigual khat vuicing khin a, a khawlsak ahi hi. Dotnate leh lamdang sakna a gen laigualte lobuang, a dang laigualte khempeuh a tawptaktak ciangin, tawpna (full stop, period) kizang hi. gtn. Ih laigelhnzia kibang sak ni. Mikanglai ka thei nuam hi. Lai, ka hahkat mahmah ding hi. (a) Kammla tom lakna (Abbreviation)ah kizang hi. Gtn. B.A.,M.A.,U.S.A., U.K, Jan. Aug. Mon. Tang=Tg. Gentehna = gtn. Street=St. Ciapteh ding=ctd. Reverend=Rev.Mister=Mr. United Nations Organization=U.N.O. Doctor=Dr. 91

Paunam Khenna Leh

(b) Ni leh kha gelhna-ah kizang hi. Gtn. 6.11.1920 (c) Aseh genna-ah kizang lo ding hi. Gtn. 2.5, 90.75% (d) Anuai a munte ah kizang lo ding hi. i. Lai thulu gelhna gtn. Zolai Gelhzia Minmai a kikoih kammal cingsate Gtn. Siapi Gin Khaw Thang (Siapi. Hilo ding hi.) Major That Tung Nung. (Major. Hilo ding hi.) Tang Thang Lian Do (Tang. Hilo ding hi.) ctd. Lai ih khet ciangin, tawpna nungah laimal khatciat mun awng ding hi. gtn. Thu khat hong gen ning.-Limtak nangai-in. 5. Dotna (Question Mark): Hih dotna (question mark) pen dotna a bawl laigual tawpna ah kizang hi. gtn. Lawm, nang bang semsem na hia? Dia? Hia? Diam? Hiam? Sim? Cihte hidiak hi. Tua lo mun khatkhat ah kikoih leh dotna mah hi veve hi. gtn. Amah hong pai tam? Nang na pai dia?Hong ciah ding maw? Nong zui dia? Ut lo cih sim? Hong zui ding maw, zui lo ding? Paupu in hong zui ding, nang e leh? An ne zo maw? Ne nai lo? 6. Phawnna (Exclamation Mark): Hih phawnna pen, kilat a, lamdang sakna genna laigual (ahk) Kammal nungah kizang hi. Kampau Luanzia

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gtn. Kalai! O!, E!, Oih! , Eh!, Maw!, Ai ve!, Haw!, Hi ding maw!, Hoih e leh!, Eh, himaw!, Hong zekai si cia!, Lamdang si!, Eh, Hong suikha ing ei!, Na heh kei ou, maw!, Tam lua!, Ekmawk!, Thei ou leh!, Zen hoh!, Lawmlawm!, Cih zawzen!, Tazen!, Zenzen!, Phial mawk!, Zen sam!, Heih!, Aw hoih!, Zumhuai si!, Nuamhuai si!, Nuam zen sing!. 7. Kam honna, kam khakna ( Quotation mark or Inverted Comma ) : Hih kam honna leh kam khakna pen, mikhat kampau a genpa kammal bang tek tek a, ih gen kik ciangin, tua mipa pau lian teng kam honna leh kam khakna tawh kituam ciapteh hi Tua banga ih gelh ciangin a kammal tek kipat madeuh in, hosanna ( comma ) kikoih masa a, tua khit ciangin kam honna kikoih a, kamvui thak pat mah bangin, laimal gol tawh kipan hi. A pauna teng ih gen khit ciangin hosanna kikoih kik a, tua khit ciangin kam khakna kikoih pan hi. gtn. A pa in a ta kiangah, “Thu mango u,” a ci hi. A hih hangin a cih kikna teng bek gelh kik napi-in,’ci hi’ a cih tuan loh ciangin husanna koih loin ngaklang ( colon ) kikoih a, kam honna leh kam khakna a ngeina bangin kikoih hi. Paupu: “ Nang nong ngaihia?” Niangno: “Hong ngai lua.” Pkd. Kam honna ih koih ding ciangin, ngaklang (ahk) husanna kikoih masa phot a, tua khit ih gelhnop teng aman ciangin kam khakna ih koih ma-in, husanna, tawpna, phawnna,dotna, cih a tuamtuamte koih masa teek ding a, tua khit ciangin, kam khakna a kikoih pan ding ahi hi. gtn. Siapa in, sang naupangte kiangah, “Na lai uh hanciam un; hanciamna in, zawhna hi,” a ci hi. Peter in, “Siavuanpa pen a hai hi, “a ci hi. “Siavuanpa pen, “ Pete in, “a hai hi,” a ci hi/ “Peter pen,” Siavuanpa in, “ a hai hi, “a ci hi. 93

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Siavuanpa in, “Peter pen, a hai hi, “a ci hi. Hih a tunga laigualte ih et ciangin, kam honna leh kam khakna ii a thupina hong phawksak hi. Kam honna, kam khakna koih khial leng, a khiatna kilebulh lian hi, cih ki mu thei hi. Peter in, “ Siavuanpa in, a hai hi, “ a ci hi. “ Siavuanpa in, “ Peter in, “ a hai hi, “ a ci hi. Hih laigual nihte akhiatna a kibang liana hi hi. Peter genna ah, Siavuanpa pen, a hai hi, ci hi ci a, a genna ahi hi. A genpa Peter hi a, a thuakpa pen Siavuanpa ahi hi. Tua mah bangin, Siavuanpa in, “ Peter in, a hai hi, “ a ci hi. ( leh ) “Peter in, “ Siavuanpa in, “ a hai hi,” a ci hi. Hih laigual nihte I et ciangin, a khiatna a kibang lian mah ahi hi. Kam honna leh kam khakna koihna tungtawnin, a khiatna kilaih hi. Tua ahih manin, kam honna, kam khakna pen, limtak ngaihsun a, zat ding ahi hi. 8. Neihsa lak, tanglak ( Apostrophe ): Apostrophe ih cih pen, neihsa genna –ah kizang ahih manin, neihsa lak, tanglak ki ci hi. gtn. Kei-in Ken’n Nangin Nan’g Nadingin Na’ngin Amahin Amah’n Ka pa ii sum Ka pa’sum Kei ii laibu Kei’laibu Nang ii inn Nang’inn No ii khua No’khua Taang ii khedap Taang’khedap Lia ii nik Lia’nik

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(a) Laimal tangin kizang hi. gtn. Ka nu’n hong it hi. (‘I’ tanga kizang) Kei tang’Jesu si hi. (‘in’tanga kizang) (b) Awsang lahna-ah kizang lo ding hi. gtn. Lianpu taisim a, a nu in tai’gawp hi. (x) (c)‘g’tawh a tawp kammalte nung thuap ‘na’ tawh a kithuah ciangin ‘g’ tangin zat huai lo hi. gtn. Siangtho-sian’thona, minthang-minthan’na, adt……….. (d) Kammal maimang tangin kizang hi. gtn. Lakam bangah a kammal ciangtan om ahih manin kisam phadiak hi. Hihte a kitel a a kigelh loh ciangin a la khiatna tuampi khat suak hi. gtn. La ing e = la’ng e, lah ing e = lah’ng e, sa ing e = sa’ng e, bia ing e = bia’ng e, ci ing e = ci’ng e, hi ing e = hi’ng e, kha ing e = kha’ng e, khia ing e = khia!ng e, khih ing e = khi’ng e, luah ing e = luah’ng e, mawh ing e = maw’ng e, nawh ing e = naw’ng e, nua-in e = nua’n e, pih ing e = pi’ng e, sia ing e = sia’ng e, thuah ing e = thua’ng e, zaw hiam aw = zaw’m aw, zaw ing e = zaw’ng e, adt... (e) Kammal pawl khat pen kitel khial khol lo ding ahih manin koih kut lo hi. gtn. ahi hiam = ahiam, ahia, ding hia =dia?, ding hiam = diam? dinga dia, kei ing = keng, ko hong = kong, koi-ah = kawh, lehang = leeng, no hong = nong, tua-ah = tuah, n’a dingin = nangin adt.... 95

Paunam Khenna Leh

9. Thekna (Hyphen): Aw khat tuak kilo ding kammal khat sungah, awsuaksak (vowel) nih a kizom ciangin, aw dang tuak ahih nadingin, thekna (hyphen) kizang hi. gtn. ci-in, nakpi-in, tua lai-ah, lai-in, ci-al, gi-ah, hi-in, ba-ah, buah, pi-ah, kii-ah, ki-am, ki-at, ki-akgualkhen, ki-em, ki-it, ki-uap, ki-uitui, ma-in, lo-ah, pi-in, sa-ah, si-ah, si-in, tua-ah, to-in, tuiliah, adt.... (a) Kammal kimat pawlkhat a kisim khialh loh nadingin, aw khenna in kizang hi. gtn. ak-ek, an-awk, bil-ah, ek-awng, ik-ah, ak-awm, tal-ek, luangel, vang-aw, adt... (b) Kammal sau khat laigual mongah a tat loh ciangin, khenna in kizang hi. Tua bang ciangin a kammal lawhzia zui-in, amal khen ding ahi hi. Ih khen siam kei leh, a cih nopna kipelh thei hi. gtn. Nong pai teh ka nu zong hong tonpih inla, van leng hong zui un. Nong pai teh ka nu zong hong tonpih inla, vanleng hong zui un. (Hih bangin gelh lo ding) Na kithuahpih dingin, Thang no mah muanhuai pen inteh. Na kithuahpih dingin, Thangngno mah muanhuai pen inteh. (Hih bangin gelh lo ding). (c) Hun kikal, mun kikal lahna in, kizang hi. gtn. 1994-95 sung Yangon ah sang ka kah hi. January 1-3, 1995 sung kikhoppi om ding hi. Zing teh, Yangon - Kawlpi, vanleng a om ding hiam?

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10. Gitphei (Dash): Hih pen, thekna, (hyphen) sangin sau zaw deuh a, kam honna leh kam khakna koih loin, tua tangin gitphei (dash) kizang hi. gtn. Amah hing lai hi leh - nuam zen sin teh Na mite’n hong dawnna - zahpihna ling lukhu Betlen khuapi sungah - mi ading zumhuai thu 11. Git-awn (Slash): Hih git-awn pen, a kihuang na Ham nih deina in, kizang hi. (a) “Ahih kei leh’ cihna tangin, kizang hi. (b) Zumlai nambat piakna ah kizang hi. gtn. MBCF/ 2000/ 15

LAIMALPITE (CAPITAL LETTERS) 1. Thulu gelh ciangin laimalpi nam thum bangin kizang hi. (a) Thulupi gelhna ah, laimal khempeuh laimalpi tawh kigelh hi. gtn. KHAMTUNG GAM THU (b) Thululai gelhna-ah, kammal khat ciat laimalpi tawh kipan thei hi. gtn. Tedim Sangpi Kingahna Thu (c) Thuluneu gelhna ah, laigual kipatna bekah, laimalpi kizang hi. (d) gtn. Ka mangngilh theihloh ka siapipa

12. Kual, Umtuam (Bracket): Kammal khat a deihna a kicing zaw, kician zaw a, ih genbeh nop ciangin kizang hi. gtn. Cingno (Thang Kap tanu) in, pasal nei hi. Sum Ks. 10,000 (Kyat tulsawm) kong khak hi. (a)Zolai kammal khat minam dangte kammal khat tawh ih lah nop ciangin, kizang hi. gtn. Laigelhzia (orthography) a kician ih neih kul ding hi. Ka tanu in zato siamah (nurse) sem hi.

2.

Aituam min ih gelh ciangin, laimal masa pen laimalpi tawh kigelh hi. gtn. Kam Hau, Pau Cin Hau, Jerusalem, Kansauzang, adt...

3.

Behmin, minam minte laimalpi tawh kipan hi. gtn. Gualnam, Ngaihte, Kawlte, Sente, adt...

4.

Nipi-kal nite laimalpi tawh kipan hi. gtn. Nipini, Nilaini, Kiginni.

(b) Nambat gelh ciangin, a kisam lopi-in, kual, umtuam zang lo ding hi. gtn. Pawlmi 15,000 ka pha uh hi. (Kual kisam lo hi.) 1995 kum in, tansawm ka ong hi. (Kual kisam lo hi.)

5.

Khaminte zong laimalpi tawh kipan hi. gtn. January, March, December, Tun kha, Phal kha, adt...

6.

Laigual patcilna leh, laigual thakkhat a kipat sialsial in, laimalpi tawh kipan den hi. gtn. Na damdam uh hiam? Ko ka innkuan un damkim ung.

7.

Thutom gelh ciangin, laimalpi kizang hi. gtn. UNDP, MRTV, SDA, USA, USSR, B.A., M.A., adt...

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8.

9.

Kam honna, kam khakna sungah (quotation mark or inverted comma) a om kammal kipatna peuhpeuh ah, laimalpite zang hamtang ding hi. gtn. Lia in, “Hih lesson kei adingin, haksa lua hi,” a ci hi. A Huai a kammalte ah zong, laimalpite zang ding hi. gtn. Oh! Pasian, U leh nau.

SINNA XXXI KAMMAL KIMAT LEH KIHAL GELHZIA 1. A Khiatna Neihzia Bulphuhna (a) Khiatna, kicing anei amah guaka, ding thei kammalte khat leh khat kihal ding hi. gtn. Hong pai in. Inn khat ka lam nuam hi.

SSSSSSSSSS

(b) Kammal nih leh thum aphak hangin, tua teng a kilawh khop ciang bek a, khiatna kicing khat anei pan ahih leh, tua, kammal nih leh thumte kimat ding hi. gtn. A nungta, Pasian ka, bia hi. Nasep hahkat mahmah in. Kawllukhu khat leh puantungsilh khat hong punak in. Kammal thum val pha, a, saulua, ih sak leh, khen nih suah in, thekna, tawh kipeh thei hi. gtn. sakhi-tuihup, pheituam-sungten, khuasia-meide, vasingdangtu (c) Khiatna kicing khinsa kammal nih a kizat khop ciangin, thekna tawh peh ding hi. annek-tuidawn khualu-khuataw cimawh-genthei nungak-tangval gilkial-dangtak pitek-putek huansak-huankhang singkung-lopa innma-loma, sungta-putu innmun-logam zusa-vasa, 2. Mathuap leh Nungthuap Thuahzia Bulphuhna (a) Mathuap a kithuah kammalte kimat ding hi. ki : kideihta, ki-en, kiho, kilukhuh, kimawl, ki-um. 99

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pi : pibawl, picing, pi-et, pimuh, pingaihsut, pisuah. ki’tawh a kimat manin, a khiatna a kitelkhial thei dingte khenin, thekna tawh kipeh ding hi. gtn. ki-um, ki-it, ki-at, ki-am, ki-em, adt... (b) Nungthuap a kithuah kammalte kimat ding hi. A khiatna a kitel khial thei dingte khenin, thekna tawh kipeh ding hi. -bawl : cilbawl, khembawl, ngekbawl, paw1bawl -dan : bawldan, itdan, muhdan, omdan, zatdan -huai : dahhuai, haihuai, ithuai, pahtak-huai -kha :genkha, khialkha, lawngkha, nekha, sukha -khia :genkhia, honkhia, lakhia, mukhia, lawnkhia -khial :enkhial, mukhial, paukhial, telkhial, theikhial -lam :deihlam, gollam, hauhlam, khanlam, teklam -pi :bulpi, huihpi, innpi, lianpi, lopi, papi, tampi -pih :hopih, lungdampih, paipih, sihpih, tonpih. -sa :baihsa, bawngsa, hoihsa, sepsa, tuisa (-sa in khiatna tuamtuam aneih hangin, kimat veve hi). -sak :damsak, deihsak, maisak, siasak -tan :kuaitan, nawktan, paltan, pektan -vai :cilvai, haivai, khantohvai, naupangvai (c) Mathuap lehnungthuap tawh a kithuah khawm kammalte kimat ding hi. ki—bawl : kihaibawl, kikhembawl, kisimmawhbawl ki—dan : kideihsakdan, ki-itdan, kikepdan ‘ ki—kha, : kipalkha, kiphukha, kisatkha, kisukha ki—khia : kihawlkhia, kikhahkhia, kilawnkhia ki—khial : kitelkhial, kitheikhial, kizangkhial ki—pih : kiciampih, kinuampih, kithuahpih, kisihpih ki—sak : kideihsak, kimaisak, kingeksak, kiphasak 101

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3. Mikang lai paizia bulphuhna English Grammar a, Parts of Speech to bulphuhin, kammal kimat ding leh, kihal ding, a nuai a bang hiding hi. (a) Mi’minte a nuaia bangin kigelh ding hi. (i) Minpi : Minmalte kihal ding hi. gtn. Hau Cin Khup, Thang Ho (ii) Minno : Minmalte!kimat ding hi. gtn. Thangno, Paukuak, Cingsan, Paupu Ahih hangin, minpi pan a, minno kilate kihal ding hi. gtn. Khen Thang, Suan Niang (iii) Minsel : Minsel gelhzia ding anuai a bang hi. gtn. Lianpu pa, Lam Vung nu (b) Nasepza minte kimat den ding hi. gtn. Hausapa, siavuanpa, ngabengpa, sasehsatpa, lokhot, anhuante, mawtaw-hawlte (c) Khuamin leh veng minte kimat den ding hi. gtn. Tedim, Tungzang, Kansauzang, Lawibual, Sakolla, Leisan, Sezang, Tuimui (d) Ganhing minte kimat den ding hi. A min sau luate thekna tawh kidei thei hi. gtn. Zawhngeu, sahang, musane, vacikdawt, humpi-nelkai, va-singdangtu, mu-vanlai (e) Nate minte kimat den ding hi. gtn. Mehthuk, tutphah, puanlaisan, siktawlai, pheituamtual, mangmeitei (f)Beh minte kimat den ding hi. Kampau Luanzia

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gtn. Hatlang, Ngaihst, Hautual, Gualam, Naulak,…. (g)

A hon genna minte a nuaia bangin kigelh ding hi. gtn. Mihon, mi honpi, mihau pawl, khangno pawl, anhuan pawl,…

. (h)

gtn.

gtn.

Lawnmawh minte kimat den ding hi. gtn. Deihna, pilna, tupna, hauhna, cidamna, dammawhna, hehpihna, nopsakna (i) Khawmin, gammin, behminte kimat den ding hi. A kisap leh, thekna tawh kidei thei hi. gtn. Tedimte, Kansauzangt, Mandalayte, Kawlte, Sente, Indiate, Singapore-te, Gualnamte, hautualte, Hatlangte, Ngaihte-te,.. (j) Min khat pen, a khiatna kicing zaw dinga, kammal dang khat tawh a kibehlap ciangin, tua kammal tegel kimat ding hi. Min + min : gam-ak, leilu, lai-ip, meikhuam, khamkhi Min + tatna : nitang, guahzu, lokho, sangkah, tuitawi Min + pianzia : mihau, mangpha, nisa, singdawn, thaupi

2. Laimal tawh gelhzia (a) Awmal nih a phate gelhzia Sawmnih, sawmsagih, zanga (b) Awmal nih a valte gelhzia Sawm-leh-khat, sawmnih-nga, sawmsagih-sagih. Zanga-sawmthum, tulkhat-zakua-sawmkua-kua, tulnih-leh-

nih (c) Dinmun gelhzia gtn. A khatna, a sawm-leh-thumna, a sawmsagihna, a zanihna, a masa, a tawpna

gtn.

(d) Zahvei gelhzia Khatveina, thumveina, sawmsagih-veina

gtn.

(e) A huam a gelhzia Tampi, themno, pawlkhat, tawmkhat

(c) Dinmun lak nambatte a naui a bangin kigelh ding hi. Gtn. 1na, 9na, 20na

AWSUAH Lai a kigelh ciangin a ‘thu’ kigelh a, a ‘aw’ kigelh lo hi. Tua ahih manin, lai a kisim teh, a ‘thu’ ngaihsun kawm lehang, a awsuah manpan ding hi. A aw suah kibat lohna zui-in, laimal gawmzia a tuamtuam zat ding hithei lo hi. Gentehna in, ‘tang’ cih kammal in, awsuah namguk nei a, a kigelh ciangin laimal gawmzia kibang khin hi. Ahih hangin, a ‘thu’ tawh ngaihsun peuh lehang, a awsuah maan kithei veve ahih lam, a nuai a laigualte ah kimu thei hi. 1. Zan ciangin khapi ‘tang’ hi. (Awsau, awlai) 2. ‘Tang’ loin tu khinkhian in. (Awsau, aw-un) 3. Eite ‘tang’ in Jesu si hi. (Awsau, aw-eu) 4. Naupangte in, ‘tang’ natna vei uh hi. (Awtom, aw-un) 5. Amau an ‘tang’in, thungen uh hi. (Awtom, awlai)

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PHAZAH GELHZIA 1. Nambat tawh gelhzia (a) Nambat mal thum aval leh, a telnop dingin a nunglam pan mal thum halt a-in, husanna kikoih ding hi. gtn. 1,000 12,000 123,000 1,234,000 (b) Telephone nambat, kum, laimai, cihte ah husanna kikoih lo ding hi. Gtn. Telephone No.21999, 1997 kum, laimai 1854

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6. Vantung gamin, ankam ‘tang’ tawh kibang hi. (Awtom, aw-eu) Awsuah a kibat loh hangin, laimal gawmzia kibang khin ding, ih ci ahi ta zongin, a kitelkhial thei ding thu ahih leh a nuai a bangin, laimal kigawm ding hi. Cin :awtom, aw-un gtn. Cin Thang Ciin :awsau, aw-eu gtn. CiinNiang Ciinh :awsau, aw-un gtn. Ciinh Lian Niang :awsau, awlai gtn. Niangno Niiang :awsau, aw-eu. gtn. Niiang Hau ci :awsau, aw-un gtn. ci al lua cii :awsau, aw-eu gtn. ankam cii Vung :awtom, awlai gtn. Lam Vung Vungh :awtom, aw-un gtn. Khan Vungh mei :awtom, aw-eu gtn. mei kuang sak kei in meii :awtom, awlai gtn. meii in ni aliah hi. meimai :awsau, awlai gtn- tawng meimai meeimaai :awsau, aw-eu gtn. than meeimaai Suan awsau, :aw-un gtn. Thang Suan Suann awsau, :aw-eu gtn. Mang Suann phin :awtom, aw-eu. gtn. Mi’ heh nadingin phin kei in. phiin :awsau, aw-un gtn. Guah phiin hi. Khen awsau, :aw-un gtn. Thang Khen Khenn : awtom, :aw-un gtn. Thang Khenn cing :awtom, awlai gtn. Ka deih teng cing khinta cingh awtom :aw-un gtn. Naupangte gilvah leh cingh hi. lei :awtom, aw-eu gtn. Sa va lei in leii :awtom, awlai gtn. Leii leh ha zong kipet thei hi. gam :awtom, awlai gtn. gampalak gamh awtom, : aw-un gtn. gamh luah SSSSSSSSSS 105

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SINNA XXXII LAIKHAK GELHZIA (LETTER WRITING) Laikhak gelhzia namnih om a, Nu leh pa leh u leh nau tung leh lawm leh gual tunga khakna leh, Zumlai khakna ci-in kikhen hi. 1.Nu LEH PA LEH U LEH NAU, LAWM LEH GUALTE TUNGA KHAK DAN:

Na laikhak taklam kiu, a tung lamah namin lobuang, nalai-ip tungthuh teng gelh masa in. Nimin na gelh ciangin, ani na gelh masak leh, th, nd, rd-te gelh inla, tua khit ciangin kha min gelh in husanna (comma) tawh nadei khit ciangin, a kum gelh in. gtn. 12th December, 1998, 1s’ March, 1998, 3rd June, ’98. Tua khit ciangin, na laigual patna ah, Kong it pa/nu/nau/lawm, ci-in pan in. Nagelh nop teng na zawh ciangin, anuai-ah, Hong phawk den, Hong it/ Hong it den, cih bangin kammal hoih khat peuhpeuh tawh khumin, na min gelh in. Nimin gelhzia tawh kisai-in, ani gelh masa lo-a, a kha min na gelh masak nop leh, kha min gelh inla, tua khit ciangin, a ni gelh in, hosanna (comma) tawh nadei khit ciangin a kum gelh in. gtn. April 10, 1998. ci-in gelh in.th, nd, rd-te zat kullo hi. A ni phazah leh a kum kikalah, a kha kigelh thei hi. gtn. 25 December 2001. 2.

ZUM LAIKHAK GELHZIA:

Zum laikhak ih gelh ciangin, a tunga ih gensamah bangin na laidal taklam kiu, a tung lamah namin lobuang, na lai-ip tungthuh teng leh nimit gelh in. Nimin gelhzia zong a tunga bang mah hipah lel hi. Tua khit ciangin, na laidal veilam kiu, a tung lamah, na laikhak napa/nu ii a za min leh a zum lai-ip tungthuh teng gelh in. A khua min zong gelh in. Tua khit ciangin, zahtakna lahna in, Sia aw, cih kammal tawh na laigual panin. Na gelhnop, na gennop teng na zawh ciangin, a nuainung penpen ah, Na sangnaupang, A citak na sangnaupang, Zahtakna lianpi tawh, cih Kampau Luanzia

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kammalte zangin khum in. Namin gelh inla, na laitan zah zong gelh in. Sang vai hi lo a, zum vai ahih leh, namin bek at inla minthuhna zong kihel leh hoih sem hi. Hih bang danin laikhak gelh leng kilawm pen leh, leitung bupin zong, a thukimpih laikhak gelhzia ahi hi. Anuai ate bang ding ahi hi. A hoih zaw leh a kilawmzaw dingin na puah theih leh, hun tawh kizuiin, a kilawm zaw zong om kha thei ding hi. A tunga kammalte in malnih malthum tawh a kibat uh hangin, malkhat vive ahi uh hi. A zenzen in, “ciin, nakpitakinn, tualaitah, laiin,” hici bangin gelh leng, khiatna a tuam dangpi ahih namun om thei hi. Tua ahih manin hih cibang kammalte thekna (Hyphen (-)) tawh ih khen hamtang kul. hi. A zenzen in ih tomlak nop leh, ci’n, nakpi’n,” tualaih lai’n,’ cih bangin ih gelh thei hi. Pawl khatte in, “Khua-ah, ka pa-in,” cihte thekna (Hyphen) (-) tawh khen mawkmawk uh hi. Hih bang kammalte ah, vowel nih a kizom hangin thekna (hyphen) (-) tawh khen ding kisam tuan lo hi. Banghang hiam cih leh, “khua” pen khua min hi a,’ah’pen mun kawkna hi-in, kammal khat hilo a hih hang hi.

LAIKHAK GELHZIA (LETTER WRITING) (a) tapa in a pa tunga a khak. Government High School, Kalemyo 12th, December, 1998 Kong it pa, Ka sang kahna nuam ka sak mahmah nathu thei nuam dingin, kong um hi. Kei ka dam hi. Ka siate nuam thei mahmah uh hi. Ka lawmte zong kei tungah migi thei mahmah uh hi. Ka sang uhah tukpeng kimawlna tualpi khat om hi. Tua lai-ah tukpeng sui-in, ka kimawl zel uh hi. Ka sang uhah pilna hoih tampi ka sin uh hi. Gam tangthu, Lim suaihzia, Science pilna, Nambatsehna (Arithmatic) leh Mikanglaite ka sin uh hi. Ka nu leh innkuanpih teng zong ka phawk mahmah hi. Hong phawk den na tapa, lianpi (b) Numeino khatin a lawmnu kikhopna ah a sapna. Aung San Street Yangon 1st, March, 1998 Kongit Cingno, Ei, numei note in, mai Nipi nitak ciangin kikhop khat i nei ding hi. Tua lai-ah kimawlna tuamtuam ih nei dinga, nektheih a lim nono zong ih. ne ding hi. Lamna leh lasakna a tuamtuam zong ih nei ding hi. Tua ahih manin, tua kikhopna ah nong kihel hamtang nadingin itna lianpi tawh kong zawn hi. Na lawm it, Ningno

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(c) A lawmnu sapna-ah a pai theih nang thuhkikna 18, Bogyoke Street, Yangon 3nd, March, 1998 Kong it Ningno, Nong sapna lai ka ngaha, ka lung a dam mahmah hi. Kei zong tua kikhopna ah kong pai ding hi. Ka Recorder zong kong keng dinga, lasak dingte ih khum ding hi. La ngaih nono zong ih ngai thei ding hi. Tua ni ciangin nop mahmah ding ahih manin, ka ngaklah mahmah hi. Hong it na lawm, Cingno

(d) Pasalno khat in a lawmpa a hawh nadinga, a sapna House No.55 Tedim April 10, 1998 Kong it Mangpu, Ka pa in, hong phalna bangin, sangkhak sung, ka innah nong hawh nangin, kong sam hi. Hong paithei dingin kong lamen hi. Ka inn mai-ah Pakhuan khat ka nei uh a, tua huan sunga pakte zong, tuin pak khinta. hi. Nong pai ciangin, tua pak tuamtuamte nopci nasa mahmah ding hi. Sakol zong nih ka nei uh hi. Tua sakolte tungah ih tuang ding hi. Picnic zong ih kuankhawm ding hi. Nong pai ciangin ka laibu khop tampite zong kong lak ding hi. Nong paitheih ding leh nong paitheih loh ding, hong theisak kik pah in. Hong it na lawm,

(e)

A lawmpa thuhkikna Bogyoke Road, H. No. 101 Kalemyo April 30,1998

Kong it Tuangpu, Itna tawh nong sapna hangin, ka lungdam mahmah hi. Lawptakin kei kong hawh ding hi. Hih lai panin, Zotang Bus tawh zingsang nai 7:00 a.m hunin kong pai dinga, nitak lam nai 5:00 p.m. pawlin kong tung ding hi. Mawtaw khawlna ah hong dawn in. Nong gensa mah bangin, sakolte tungah ih tuang khawm dinga, picnic zong ih kuankhawm ding hi. Nuam ih sa mahmah ding hi. Hong phawk den, Mangpu (f)Pasalno khatin a pano kiangah lungdam a kohna House No. 122, Falam 5th, May, 1998 Kong it Pano, Nong limbu khak ka ngahna ka lungdam mahmah hi. Tua limbu pen hoih kasa mahmah hi. Tua laibu sunga, kumpipa leh kumpinu limte, galhang galkapte leh, gam it uliante lim ka et ciangin, muhnop kasa mahmah hi. Ka lungdamna lianpi kong kokik hi. Hong it den, Khaipu (g) Sang Siapipa tungah khuan ngetna House No. 154 Kam Hau Road, Tedim 15th, July, 1998

Tuangpu 109

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To,

ZOLAIMAL AKIKHEL PAWLKHATTE

Sang Siapipa No. 1. Basic Education High School Sia aw, Zan nitak a kipanin, khuasik, cisa leh lutang nat ka nei hi. Tua ahih manin, tuni leh, zingciang, sang kong kah zo kei ding hi. Nong hehpihna lianpi tawh ninih sung akhuan nongpiak nangin, zahtakna lianpi tawh kong thum hi. Na sangnaupang, Cinno Tan V. (B) (h) Sangsap map nading ngetna 16, Park Road Yangon 2nd, August, 1998 To, Sang Siapipa St. John’s School Yangon Sia aw, Zahtakna lianpi tawh sangsap nong map nangin, kong thum hi. Ka pa pen, zawng mahmah ahih manin, Sang sum a kicingin hong pia zolo hi. Amah in khasim in Ks. 1000/- bek sang a, innkuan tam ka hih manun kicing zolo hi. Sangsap mapna tawh nong huhna hangin, nakpi takin ka lungdam hi. A citak na sangnaupang, Pauno Tan III 111

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Angtang Bang Beng Bucing Ciamteh Cingh Ciing Dawng Ding Eng Gualnuam Gualle Hau Hangsan Hampha Honkhia Haksa Hamsa Kizem Khangto Khia Kampha Kap Khial Kicing Kiphasak La Lo Lee Lii Maa

Angtanna Angtanhuai Banna Banhuai Betna Bethuai Bucinna Bucinhuai Ciaptehna Ciaptehhuai Citna Cithuai Cinna Cinnhuai Dawnna Dawnhuai Dinna Dinhuai Enna Enhuai Gualnopna Gualnophuai Guallelhna Guallelhhuai Hauhna Hauhhuai Hansana Hansanhuai Hamphatna Hamphathuai Hotkhiatna Hotkhiathuai haksatna Haksathuai Hamsatna Hamsathuai Kizepna Kizephuai Khantohna Khantohhuai Khiatna Khiathuai Kamphatna Kamphathuai Kahna Kahhuai Khialhna Khialhhuai Kicinna Kicinhuai Kiphatsakna Kiphatsakhuai Lakna Lakhuai Lawhna Lawhhuai Letna Lethuai Liitna Liithuai Maakna Maakhuai

Kampau Luanzia

Angtantuak Bantuak Bettuak Bucintuak Ciaptehtuak Cittuak Cinntuak Dawntuak Dintuak Entuak Gualnoptuak Guallelhtuak Hauhtuak Hansantuak Hamphattuak Hotkhiattuak Haksattuak Hamsattuak Kizeptuak Khantohtuak Khiattuak Kamphattuak Kahtuak Khialhtuak Kicintuak Kiphatsakhuai Laktuak Lawhtuak Lettuak Liituak Maaktuak

Angtansuah Bansuah Betsuah Bucinsuah Ciaptehsuan Citsuah Ciinsuah Dawnsuah Dinsuah Ensuah Gualnopsuah Guallelhsuah Hauhsuah Hansansuah Hamphatsuah Hotkhiatsuah Haksatsuah Hamsatsuah Kizepsuah Khantohsuah Khiastsuah Kamphatsuah Kahsuah Khialhsuah Kicinsuah Kiphatsaksuah Laksuah Lawhsuah Letsuah Liitsuah Maaksuah 112

Muang Minthang Migi Nuam Nai Ne Nui Nungta Ngaihsun Pha Pia Picing Siangtho Suakta Sia Sui Sang To Thei Thanuam Thangpai Tho Tang That Thupi Vanglian Vangtang Za Zia Zo Zui 113

Muanna Muanhuai Minthanna Minthanhuai Migitna Migithuai Nopna Nophuai Naina Naihuai Nekna Nekhuai Nuihna Nuihhuai Nuntakna Nuntakhuai Ngaihsutna Ngaihsuthuai Phakna Phakhuai Piakna Piakhuai Picinna Picinhuai Sianthona Sianthohuai Suahtakna Suahtakhuai Siatna Siathuai Suihna Suihhuai Sanna Sanhuai Tawhna Tawhhuai Theihna Theihhuai Thannopna thanophuai Thangpaihna Thangpaihhuai Thawhna Thawhhuai Tanna Tanhuai Thahna Thahhuai Thupitna Thupithuai Vangletna Vanglethuai Vangtanna Vangtanhuai Zakna Zakhuai ziatna Ziathuai Zawhna Zawhhuai Zuina Zuihhuai

Muantuak Minthantuak Migittuak Noptuak Naituak Nektuak Nuihtuak Nuntaktuak Ngaihsuttuak Phaktuak Piaktuak Picintuak Sianthotuak Suahtaktuak Siattuak Suihtuak Santuak Tawhtuak Theihtuak Thanoptuak Thanpaihtuak Thawhtuak Tantuak Thahtuak Thupittuak Vanglettuak Vangtantuak Zaktuak Ziattuak Zawhtuak Zuihtuak

Muansuah Minthansuah Migitsuah Nopsuah Naisuah Neksuah Nuihsuah Nuntaksuah Ngaihsutsuah Phaksuah Piaksuah Picinsuah Sianthosuah suahtaksuah siatsuah Suihsuah Sansuah Tawhsuah Theihsuah Thanopsuah Thangpaihsuah Thawhsuah Tansuah Thahsuah Thupitsuah Vangletsuah Vangtansuah Zaksuah Ziatsuah Zawhsuah Zuihsuah

Paunam Khenna Leh

Hih a tunga bangin Zolai kammal kikhel tampitak om hi. Hihte khempeuh ih gelhkhin zo kei ding hi. Theihpak dinga kong guan ahi hi.(hi dong) SSSSSSSSSS

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SINNA XXXIII ZOLAI GELHZIA Zolai ih gelh ciangin, Laimal gol ding, laimal neu ding, laimal kinai ding, laimal kihal ding, kam honna, kam khakna, comma, fullstop te zatzia ih thusim hetkei hi. Hihte tawh kisai-in lai lepna (Punctuation) sungah honkhat ih gen khin hi. Ih gen nailoh, laimal kinai ding leh kihal ding thu ih kikum lai ding hi. Laimal kinaiding leh kigamla ding thu Zolai ih gelh ciangin, amah kia a, khiatna neipah thei karnmalte pen, Laimal khat in kigelh hi. Tua mah bangin Laimal nih malthum a kigawm ciangin khiatna, khat a nei thei pante zong, malkhat suahin kigelh hi. gtn To pa ................... Topa Pa sian ............... Pasian Lei lung ............... Leitung Ciang tan ............ Ciangtan Lai Siang tho ... .... Lai Siangtho Kawl lai ............. Kawllai Van gam ............... Vangam Mit taw .............. Mittaw Vai mim gau... ...... Vaimimgau Siam sin ............. Siamsin Vasabu ................. Vasabu Kawng gak.......... Kawnggak Van leng ............... Vanleng Mei leng ............ Meileng

khat hong nei leuleu ahih manin hih bang laimalte ih gelh ciangin, a khiatna ngaihsun kawm gige a, ih gelh ding ahi hi. Kammal gawm leh khen a thupitna encian lai lehang: gtn. Gen thei mahmah ding hi napi a gen theih na kilang sak lo hi. 1. Gen thei mahmah ding hi napi a gen theihna kilangsak lo hi. Thu gensiam hi napi a thu gensiam lam kitheisak lo cihna ahi hi. 2. Genthei mahmah ding hi napi a gentheihna kilangsak lo hi. Hingim mahmah napi a hingim lam kilangsak lo cihna ahi hi. gtn. Ka ta nu, mei gei neh vet ken. 1. Ka tanu, mei gei neh vet ke’n. Ka tanu aw mei gei- neh kei-in cihna hi. 2. Ka tanumei, gei neh vet ke’n. Ka tanu ii amei gei neh ke’n cihna hong suakmawk hi. 3. Ka ta, numei, gei neh vet ke’n. Ka ta aw, numeite neh kei in cihna ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, Zolai ih gelh ciangin, amah kia a khiatna nei pahte kitang gelh a, (kituam at) malnih malthum kigawrn ciangin, khiatna khat a nei thei pante zong, kammal khatin kigelh hi, ci-in a tomin ih ciamteh ding

Gencianna ‘Kawng gak’ ci-in kihalsak leng, mikhat in a kawng gak cihna hi a, “kawnggak’ ci-in kinai sak leng, kawng gakna a kizang “kawnggak’ khan” cih nopna ahi hi. gtn. Kawnggak tawh ka kawng gak ing. Tuamah bangin, Mei leng’ ci-in, ki gamlasak leng, mei khat leng hi cihna hi a, kinaisak leng, khualzinna a tuanna’meileng’cihna ahi hi. gtn. Meileng tawh kazin laitak in ka tungah mei leng hi. Laimal kihalsak leng,mei’bekin zong khiatna neikhin a,’leng’ bekin zong khiatna neikhin hi. ih gawm ciangin, zong khiatna dang

Aw suah Ih Zolai pen, a baih mahmah a ih ngaihsut khak hangin, aman taktak a ih pau theih nading, ih gelh theih nading leh, ih sim theih nading a haksa mahmah khat ahi hi. Kammal khat in aw tampi nei a, a aw a kilamdan simin, a khiatna zong kilamdang hi. Tuni ciang dong Zomite in, Zolai ih gelh ciangin, awlai, awsau, aw eu, aw un, cihte khen loin ih gelh hi. Ih simkhiat ciangin, Zopau, a Siam mahmah te nangawnin, kisim khial thei lai hi. Tua hi-in Zopau a thei nai vet lote nangawnin a sim ciangin a khiatna a nei thei dingin ih gelh theih ding kisam. hi. Tua ahih manin ih laimalte a aw suah ding bang lianlian in ih at theih nadingin Zo aw suah bulpi pawl khat kong pulak khia hi.

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Ih Zolai pen Leitung bup ah a thupi, a ithuai mahmah khat ahi hi. Sin kawikawi lehang, Zopau sungah aw nam sagih (7) bang a nei kammal om hi. Aw tam nei penpen pawlkhat in, aw namguk dong nei a, pawlkhat in namnga, nam li, nam thum, namnih, cih bangin a tuamtuamin aw neiciat uh hi. Hih teng khempeuh lak ah, aw li leh aw thum mah tampen hi. Anuai a teng enpak leng. Aw lai Aw sau Aw eu Aw un Sang Saang Sang’ Sangh Cing Ciing Cing’ Cingh Khai Khaai khai’ Khaih Nang Naang Nang’ Nangh Tang Taang Tang’ Tangh gtn. Cingno in Cing’ a ciing hi. Cingno a cingh mahmah hi. Laimal khat in aw tampi a neih hangin, a awsuah dan ki-at kim zolo hi. A tampen a ih gelh theihin aw li ciang ahi hi. A dang pen a kizatna tawh kizui-in, sim ding ahi hi. Hih aw tawh kizui-in ei Zolai, Zopau bek hi loin, leitung pau nam khempeuh in, nawngkaina (Exception) nei ciat uh hi. Kawlte bangin, Ih sim ciang a aw, ih gelh ciang a maan”na, ci hiang uh hi. Tuamah bangin mikangte a zongah, laimal khat bek aw nih nei, khiatna tampi nei leh laimal khat bek hi napi-in, aw khat nei a khiatna tampi a nei laimal hau mahmah uh hi. Cih nopna ah a laimal kibang napi a zatna zui a, a aw kikhel leh a khiatna kikhel tampi om hi. gtn. bow (bau) v. lukun, n. tembaw lulam, gunkuang lulam bow (bou) n. thal, naikhau. minute (mainju:t) adj. neu mahmah, a neu penpen minute (minit) n. minit 60 nai khat, 47.50' (47 degree 50 minit) tawmvei, thu ciaptehna. as (az) khiatna, sawmbang nei hi.

Tua ahih manin awsuah kibang veve ah, khiatna kilamdang kammal tampi a om manin, Mikang te’n zong Dictionary (Kammal Saal) a na nei ahi hi. Ei Zomite zong ih pau ih laimal khatin, khiatna tampi nei ahih manin, tuate ih theihkim zawh nangin, leh ih ciapteh zawh nangin Kammal Saal ahi Chin Dictionary ih bawl zawh ding a thupi pen ahi hi. Hih bang dan kammal khat, khiatna tampi nei leh awsuah kibang lo kammal pen, Mikanglai sung hitaleh Kawllai sung hitaleh, tam mahmah hi. Ih theihpih loh hangin, Minam dangte a zongah, hih bang kammal tampi om ding hi. Hih in Chin Dictionary ih kisap lam hong phawksak hi. Ih Zolai pen kammal kicing mahmah a ih ngaihsut, Mikanglai tawh ih tehkak ciangin, a kicin zawkna mun tampi ah kimu thei hi. gtn. Mikang kamin, “wear” ahih kei leh idiom in “put on” cih bek ahi hi. Zopau in, puan, puantungsilh silh Nik, puanten, dialkaih, mawngkhak teng Kawnggak gak Namsau, sakhau, thungip kuah Ih liangko tungah ih ban leh bilah bat Akgia sawnkai, vamul, tukpak-te tot. Lutungah dial khim Lutungah lukhu khu Mitlimlang, nai, khutzungbuh bulb, bun Kham ha, ngun ha, saguh ha suan Galkap za, bawkte, sante suang Hih a tunga bangin, ih kammal kiciatna ih lakkhia thei hi. Hih zah a kammal kicing pen, ei Zomite in hoihtak ih kep ding leh, ih puahtoh ding, ih mawhpuak (ih tavuan) ahi hi. Ih tel zawk nadingin laimal kibang khiatna tampi a nei pawl khat en lai ni.

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LAIMAL KIBANG, KHIATNA TAMPI 1. Cing Khup in tui kicing salo ahih manin lui luanglai cing’a,tua sungah ciingduai tampi a diah hi. Tua laitak in bawngcing naupang ten vamu a, Cing Khup omdan a va ciing uh hi. Cing Khup in, “Kei hong ciing kei unla, hat kisa na hih uh leh lo ciingnih ciingthum bang kho-in, khaici tuamtuam ciing zaw un: keilah ta nih nei sam ka hih manin miciing hi zenzen lo hing”, ci hi. “A hih leh na tate acingh uh hiam?” ci-in adot uh leh, “Ka tatebel kaplo ahih uh teh, a cingh mah hinteh; ka pasal zong mi.cingh mahmah khat hiven,” a ci hi. 2. Gin Khan Dongh leh Dongh Ngaih Cin pawlpi sum dong dingin, Tedim pan Vongmual dong, a naungek dawng thinthen khat a puakkawm un, a pai uh hi. “Vongmual koilam hiam?”, ci-in mite a dong kawikawi uh hi. Kua mah, a dawng thei a om kei hi. Donghtuak kisa mahmah uh hi. 3. A haina, thei zolo mihai khat, an haii mahmah a, haai zan selo in an a ne haiihaii hi. Zu zong haii ahih manin haisawm ciangciang dawnkhat suah lela, haikung nuai khawngah naang tawh kiphan haaipi khat sungah tu-in, a puan kawtte mei ah a haai keu kawmin, zu haaipi khat a dawn hi. 4. Vakaangsa, sathau tawh kang inla, a tui kangsak in. Ahih hangin kaangsak tuan ken. A min ciangin sabeel pen, kaangtakin koih khian in. 5. Khamh leh ngum pen vankliaarn ahih hangin, khamhthelh guihtheihte banglo a, a khaamte nangawn in zong, iplah uh hi. Pau Khan Kham in zukham lua a hih manin, a khekhuan tawlam ah kikham phei a, “Hong dom zo a om leh, dangka zakhat pe ning”, ci-in a khaam hi. 6. Pum Za Lam in apute inn lam dingin Lamnuai lam tawn a, laamthum bang a sau ciangtawn pawkawm sain, a laam, Lam Mung amuh ciangin, akhut lamto a, neih leh lamh bangmah ka neihloh hangin, hih mun pen ka lamh kiatna ahih manin ci-in a laampih hi. Inn lam ding a, pai ahih lam kimangngilh liang hi. 119

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7. Lei tungah gunleii leinuam mi Heileite bek om hi, ci-in leiina, liangin a kiko mikhat a om hi. 8. Lingminbaak ding a, linglak kapal leh akno a lingh thilthel, khuadarn sa a, liing, keuhkeuh kawrn a, pai liingliing khat ka mu hi. 9. Anlim mahmah na nek khit limh in, limbu khat leh khauliim khat tawh muiliimpa inn ah liimlangh ah va ki-en in. Tua khit ciangin singlim ah limtakin tu khian in. 10. Vung Ngaih Maan leh Dim*Sian Maan in, buhman tawh a huan dingun, a ak uh man uh a, a manh ding zah theilo, ahih manun, thumaan gen ding a, a upmawh uh mi khat kiangah, “Hih ak manh ding zah nong gen man diam?,” a cih uh leh tua mipa in, “Ka mangin, note geel maan inn sungah om bangin hong manh ing,” na ci mawk hi. 11. Naupaii numei khat Pasian paai ding a, tempaai khat kuahsa in a pai leh, lamnal in kipaii aa, a tempaai a paaikhia hi. 12. Pilna saang sindingin saanginn ah a pai te’n a sanggamte tonpih thei lo dinguh a, veihsang om theilo ding uh hi, a cih uh leh, ansangh kaikhawm numei khat in, “Hih bang thu kisaang kei leh, hoih saang”, a ci hi. 13. Thang Lian Suum in ni a suum ciangin a sum teng sumh pahpah hi. Tua ahih manin a khausumh teng pehin, a sumtawng ah sum tungah a tu hi. 14. Ka sunghpa’n beel sungah tui a sungsuk hi. 15. Antang pua dinga lampi tang mahmah khat ka tot leh nahtang liimah taangteuh khat in tangteel nih nane hi. Tu a kipan satang taning ka cih leh, leiseek tang sagih pua a, tangh natna a vei mi, Tangpizawl te khat ka mittang tawh Tuitangzang ah ka mu hi. Tua laitakin a kamciam a taangtung saklote taangpi taangta in, nitaang musak lo dingin kawhawm sungah tanghciak sak uh hen, lia leh taang te aw, ci a a taangko mipa in, khamtang nik sungah taang tawh kibawl tangho phelthum tuun a, kei zong taangngamlo zawzen in, ka etet leh a taanggai neilo akpi khat in tua mipa maitangh na phuaisak hi. Taanglai hunhi leh taangthu suak pah mah ding hi ven, ka ci bek hi. Kampau Luanzia

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16. Khat vei sia Tompu singtom ding a, a paileh, uitawm khat mu a, tawmpah hi. Sing tawmno khat tawh a ciah leh, a inn uah a pa na kitom vuavua a, a kineih tawm hi’n teh ci-in, a tawm’ phei ciau hi. Hih a tunga te in ih kammal, laimal kibang khat in zong khiatna, cihnopna tuamtuam leh zatna tampi tak nei hi, cih honglak hi a, ih pau leh ih lai hoih zia hong kilangsak phasaan hi.

2.

LAI-AW NIH AWGIN KHAT (DIPHTHONG) Lai awsuaksak (vowel) nih hinapi, awgin khat guak a gingkhia tam mahmah hi. Ahih hangin pawlkhatte a kikhel ciangin a aw bek kikhel loin, laimal zong kikhel hi. gtn. “ia” pan “e” ah 1.. bia ..............be Pasian a bia uh hi. Pasian be dingin a pai uh hi. 2. kia.............ke Inntung panin a kia hi. Ke kha niteh, kidawm in. 3. khia............khe Sing hiang vakhia in a cih leh, khe zo kei ning, a ci hi. 4. pia...........pe Lai va pia in. Va pe mah ning ei. 5. sia..........se Na mawtaw uh kisia maw? Ki se kei e. 6. zia............ze Nazia na tong uh thei keng. Zekai lua teh. “ua” pan “aw” ah 1. bua..........bow Na tui bua in. Tui bawsak kei ve

5.

Ei Zomite in Mongolia mite tawh ihguh ihtaang, ihci ihsa, ihtat ihhek, ihtui-um ih belsuan kibang hi. Tua ahih manin Mongolia minam, Mongolia gam a piangte ih hi hi. Ih pu ih pate Sengam, Mongolia pan, a paikhiat lai-in leihawm sung bekah teng uh a, tua munte “KHUL” kici hi. Nidang lai-in Sengam buppi a uk kumpi lian nih a om hi. Khat minin “Zo” hi a, a khat pen minin, “Chin” ahi hi. Zo kumpi gam tangthu pen BC 1027 panin BC 265 dong hi a, kumpi Chin tangthu pen BC 221 panin BC 207 dong ahi hi. Ih pu ih pate in Mongolia panin gamhoih munnuam zongin Sengam pualam ah lalkhia uh hi. “Zo” kumpi

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3. 4.

6. 7. 8.

gua..........gaw Sing om lohna ah, gua kizang hi. Gawtuai meh in, kibawl thei hi. hua..........haw Nong hua hia? Hong haw het keng. kua............kaw Zusa a kua ah lut hi. Koi kaw vangah lut a hia? Kua dawn ding? Kaw pai ding? lua.............law Zu kham lua ahih manin lua hi. Zu kham lawliang a, law zawzen hiveh aw. pua............paw Bang pua na hia? Bangmah paw khang e. vua............vaw Kua!n hong vua ahia? Kua main hong vaw kei e. khua..........khaw Tedim khua ah ka teeng hi. Tedim khawpi ah ka teeng hi. Khua leh tui, khawsak zia. ZOMITE PIANNA THU

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gam hun sunga a lal pawlin “Zo” min pua uh hi. Tua mah bangin Chin kumpi hun a, a lal pawlin zong “Chin” min mah pua uh hi. Tu hun a, Zogam mualtung teng leh, Kawlgam zanglei mun tuamtuam a, tengte “Zo” minpuate ahi uh hi. Chin minpuate ahih uh leh, Kawlgam zangleiah teng masa uh a, tu hun ciangin Kawlmi suakta uh hi. Ih pu ih pate Sengam panin, Tibetgam nawkin, a pai kawikawi khit uh ciangin, Kawlgam sungah lut uh ahih manin, Tibeto Burman zong kici hi. Chin min pua pawlte leh Kachin te Kawlgam sungah lutkhawm uh a, Kachin te in, tu hun a, Kachin gamah a teeng suak ahi uh hi. Chin minpuate paisuak lai uh a, Kawlgam laizang tengah teng uh hi. Zo min pua pawl Tuikang gundung nitumna lam zuanin, Gunkhawm leh Mawlaih gam tengah teeng uh hi. Tua panin Kawlpi gam, Kabaw kuam tengah teeng uh hi. Tua mun ah gamuk mangle ukna thuak zolo in, sak leh khangah kikhenthang uh hi. Zogam mualtung lam zuan teng, khen thum kisuah uh hi. Pawlkhatte Kawlpi zang panin Meitei gundung zui-in Locom lam zuanin pai uh a, Lailun khulah teeng uh hi.Tua pan in gamhoihna zuanin kikhen leuleu uh a, tu hun a, Falam gam, Khalkha gam, Matupi gam leh, Thantlang gam sunga, teng pawl ahi hi. Pawl khatte in Kawlpi zang panin, Tuikang dung zuito uhhi. Tuingo lui aphak uh ciangin, Tuingo dung zuito uh hi. Thuamvum akicihna munah Thangmual kantan uha,Vaihmual ah tuaksuk Zangpitam ah tung uh hi. Zangpitam panin Ngatan dung zui-in galkah uh a, Ciimnuai khulah a tung uh hi. Pawlkhatte Thuamvum panin nitumna lamah tuaksuk in Sialt nglui dung zui-in galkah uh a, Ciimnuai khulah a tung uh hi. Ciimnuai khulah mi a tam semsem ciangin Zogam saklam Tedim gam, Tonzang gam, Manipur gam leh Mizo gam dongah a teeng uh hi. Adang pawlkhatte in, zang leh kham kicin zaisuk uh a, tu hun a, Yaw gam tengah a teeng uh hi. Tua.pan, mualtung laama a paito kik pawlte in, tuhun a, Kanpelet gam, Mindat gam leh Paletwa gam sunga, teengte ahi uh hi. A dang pawlkhat paisuk lai uh a, Minbu gam, Prome gam leh Henzada dongah teeng uh hi. 123

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Kawlgam leh Zogamgi a, teengte “Yaw” kici uh hi. Thayet gam donga, teengte “Asho” kici a, Mindat gam, Kanpelet gam, teengte “Cho” kici hi. Matupi gam, Khalkha gam, Falam gam, Tedim gam leh a saklam ateengte “Zo” kici hi. A kilawhna uh a tuamtuam ahi zongin Zo kumpi gam hun sunga, lalkhia tengin Zomin pua uh hi. Ih kilawhna a tuamtuam ahih hangin minam khat sanggam khat ih hi hi.

GAMBUP NI THU Leitung gam khempeuh in, amau gam ading nalian khat a sep khiat ni phawkna ni, neitek uh hi. Kawlgam in zong, Gambup suahtak na, Gam sihpihte ni, Lokhote ni, Gambup ni, Nasemte ni leh a dangdangte ih nei hi. Tua ni thupite lakah Gambup ni thu ih sin ding hi. Kawlgam bup, Mikang kurnpite uk cipna pan suahtakna ngah theih nadingin, Kawlmi, Zomi, Kachinmi, Shanmi leh Karenmi a kipan gambup minamte thukimna kisam masa hi. Tua ahih ciangin galkap mangpipa, Bogoke Aung San pai kawikawi-in, thu kikupna neihpih hi. Tua minarnte in thukirnna aneih khit uh ciangin thukimna, laipi bawl dingin Shangam Penglong (Pinlong) khua ah minamte tangmi ki paisak ciat hi. Kawlgam minam khempeuh kithukhatin, Gambup suahtakna lak ding thukimna laipi kibawl hi. Tua laipi sungah minam tangmite in, thukimna minkip gelh ciat uh hi. Ei Zomite tangmi a kipaisak Pu Thawng Za Khup, Pu Hrul Hmung, Pu Kio Mang to in thukimna laipi sungah minkip va gelh uh hi. Tua ni, February 12, 1947 ni hi a, kum simin, tua ni phawkna kibawl hi. Kawlgam minam tuamtuamte kithukhat a, suahtakna lak ding thukimna a om ciang bekin, Gambup suahtakna kingah pan ahi hi. Tua ahih manin, “Gam Kigawm Kawlgam Kumpi” kici hi. Kampau Luanzia

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Kawlgam sunga teng, ih pu ih pate kithukhatin gam ading a lutang uh pia ngamin, na a sem uh hi. Tua ahih ciangin ih gam in suahtakna ngahin gamnuam a suak hi. Ih pu ih pate ban zomin, ih gam khantoh nading ihgam ihlei hut ciat ding, ei mah khat ciat mawhpuak ahi hi. ZO MINAM NI A HONG PIANKHIATNA TANGTHU Zo minam ni pen, Thunkha, (February) 20 ni-in kiciamteh hi. Hih ni pen Zomite adingin, suahtakna, ki-it kilemna, minam vai leh tangthu mungpi khat ahi hi. Zo minam ni a hong piankhiatna a thu in a nuai a bang ahi hi. Mikang kumpi-in nisuahna lam gamte hong keek a, India ciang hong tungta hi. India panin Kawlgam khanglam teng 1824 kumin hong la hi. 1852 kum tak ciangin Kawlgam phellang hong laksak khinta uh hi. 1885 kum ciangin Kawlgam buppi hong nuaisiah ta uh hi. Zogam in India leh Kawlgam kikal ah om ih hih bang mahin, ei leh ei ki-uk gam ihhi hi. Kumpi nei lo-in, mi khempeuh kumpi leh nautaang kici hi. Ki-ukna thukhunpi zong kineilo hi. Hih thute gamkeek, Mikangte in hong muh uh ciangin, Zogam hong sim uh a, kum tampi hong sim khit 1896 ciangin Zogam hong la zo uh hi. 1907 kum ciangin gam ki-uk nading hong bawlsak uh a, Zomi leh Zogam uk ding, Ukpi (Feudal Chief) hong guan ziau uh hi. Tua banga hong ukna uh Zomite in kithuak nuam tuan lo ahih manin, gamkeekte, ukcip vaihawmna khutnuai pan ih suahtak theih nadingin, Zomi kipawlkhopna 1928 kum February 20 ni-in, Mindat gam Matungnung khua-ah kiphuankhaia hi. 1939 kum ciangin, Zomi kipawlkhopnapanmun lente in, gamkeek Mikang kumpi tungah a nuai a bangin deihna nam kua na ngen uh hi. 1. 125

2.

Zogam ki-ukna pen Zomite deihna tawh kizui a thukhunpi bawl nang. 3. Pilna lam, cidamna lam leh, sumlei sumzuaknate a khantoh nang puahphat nang. 4. Zogam pilna sanglam amanlanga puahphat nang. 5. Suakta taka Biakna zuih theih nang 6. Zogam lampi kizopna amanlanga hong bawlsak nang. 7. Zogam leh Zanggam suakta takin kizop, kikawm theih nang. 8. Zomite minam dangte tawh liangko kikima, kizop theih nang. 9. Kawlgam in suahtakna a ngah ciangin, Zogam in zong a kibang a ngahpah nang. Hih a tunga ngetna nam kuate Mikang kumpi-in a piak ding sangsikin, kipawlna nangawn a bei nang hanciam zawsop hi. Mipiin a hih leh, Mikangte vaihawmna a deih lohna uh nakpi takin lakkhia uh ahih manin Kanpelet pan Mikangte taikkhia uh hi. Kawlgam in suahtakna ih ngahciil 1949 kum a, kigelh Gambup Thukhunpi tawh kizui-in Paliman (parliament) a dawl tung nung leh a nuai nung ci-in deinih om hi. Paliman palai ding telna kikhoppi a khatveina Zomi Nambup Khawmpi (Zomi National Conference) Falam khua ah 1948 kum Tuunkha (February) kha 19 ni pan.22 ni dong kinei hi. Hih khawmpi ah, ukpite leh khawkukte hong ukcipna, a man lopi a siah donna, kuli vanpuate thaman piak lohna, thuman lopi a thalawhsa laksakna, thuneihnate uangzat luatnate azung abal a longkhia a, ei leh ei suakta taka mipi deih Democracy ngeina tawh kiuk nang cih ahi hi. Hih thu tawh kizui-in.-thukimpihna mipi vote tawh a khensat uh ciangin mipi 5000 sung pan vote 4993 in, thakhatthu in lungkimpih ahih manin kikipsak pan hi. Tua pan kipanin kum tampi a kithuak ki-uk cipna, kigawtna leh ukpite siahkaihna khutnuai pan kisuakta to hi.

Zogam in Zanggam tawh a kibanga ki-ukna lamah phattuamna a ngah nading. Paunam Khenna Leh

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Tua banah, a nuai a thu te ki kipsak hi. 1. Zomite’khang tangthu sungah kithutuak diamdiam a, Zo minam Ni bawl theih denna. 2. Mipi a tamzaw deihna tawh ki-ukna ahi Democracy ngeina zatna. 3. Suahtakna a ngah cil Kawlgam sunga om minam tuamtuamte tawh liangko kikim a, ki pumkhatna ngahin, ih gam a kipden na’ng leh, Zomite minam vailam pan deihtak a kipanpihna zong ahi hi. Gamkeekte’ hong guat gamh hoihIo Ukpi ngeina tawhkiuknaa beina ni ciapteh nang, Theinosih kha (February) 20 ni pen Zo minam Ni in ki ciamteh hi. Hih in Zo Minarn Ni hong piankhiatna thu ahi hi. KHUADO PAWI THU Khuado pawi pen Zomite kum khat sung ih pawi neih a lian pen ahi hi. Ih Zopau ah “khua!’cih kammal in khiatna tampi nei thei a, “khuaza, kua khua, khuazing, khuavak” cih bangin khiatna nei thei kawikawi hi. Tua mahbangin “do” cih kammal. zong, “zindo, lenglado, galdo” cih bangin khiatna nei thei kawikawi hi. Hih munah “khuado” ih cih pen ih muh theih khua (village or vil-lager) dona (entertainment) hizaw loin ih muh theih loh khuazing, khuavak ih cih dawi leh kaute dona (Devil fighting feast) leh a sisa ih pu ih pi, ih nu ih pate leh ih sanggam ih u ih naute tawh ankuang ankeu umkhop zindona zong ahi hi. Ei Zomite leh Sente in ih pu ih pi, ih nu ih pa, a paisa, a sisate nangawn thudongte ihi hi. Tua a hih manin, ih paunak ah “Pangmai (laangmai) a, tunsa zong thu dong lai buang” na kici hi. Tua banah kum khat sung tawntung ihsep ih bawl, ih khawh ih tuk, ih khawi ih gulhna pana, ih ngahte ih kaihkhop khit ciangin ih bawl pawi hi,’kumkhen pawi, kumthak” zong ahi hi. 127

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Meilah Satni (Meivak ni): Khuado ding nikhat in a sap ciangin. Tua ni pen meilah satni meivak ni kici a, tua ni-in, singlam, tuilam lolam kisial in, tuinak kihah a, kha kisam hi. “A sisa kha, a hingte kha na om uh leh, hong ciah un, zu leh sa ne ding hihang,” ci-in lobuk aa, suangthu teng kisawnpai hi. Tua ni mah in nungak tangvalte in, khuado sunga vak ding, meilah a sat uh hi. Sawm (lawm, khaam) papi tengin zong khuado pawi sung gamtat zia ding kikum uh a zubeel khat lupin sawm (lawman) ah a om uh hi. Nitak ciangin sawm tangvalte in khuado cianga, lak dinga a hawi kholhsa uh khuai vala a, sawm nungakte inkhuamualah zukhaihsa (zutaak) tawh na dawn uh hi. Khuamual panin khuaikhau lenkawm, meilah desa in, a kikim diamdiamin sawm zuanin pai deudeu uh hi. Khuang, zam, daktal tumin, phit mutin, lamsa-in a ciah uh hi. Sawm phualah nupi papite in zukhaihsa (zutaak) mah tawh na dawn uh hi. Sawm a tun uh ciangin lamgui-in a cim dong uh lamlam uh hi. A khuai lak uh tunsa-in a aihni ding ngakin suang uh hi. Kauhawl (Kaudeeng) Meilah satni, nitak annek khit ciangin, Tualteekpa inn pan kipan a, a mau inn tek ah, dawi leh kau hawlkhia uh hi. Tualteekpa in kau a bawl ciangin meildang pan kipanin inn sung khempeuh umkhawm belkhawm, bemkawm cizong, a sat kawikawi khit ciangin kong biang dongin hawlkhia hi. Tua kau betna ah meilah de a, tugabawk, heigabawk peuh, singkhuah-am peuh tawi-in “Dawihang ciah ou! Kauhang ciah ou! Inndawi sia ciah ou! Gamdawi sia ciah ou! Namhang ciah ou! Na ni cing ei! Na kha cing ei! Na zun namsia ei! Na ek namsia ei! Na zi ang zuan ou! Nata ang zuan ou! Na khua natui zuan ou! ci-in awng kawmin kongbiang dongah bengkhia in, tugabawk, heigabawk tawh deeng hi. Thau lawnin ‘khuang leh zam a kipan tumtheih khempeuh kitum hi. Hih bangin innlusi-in kau kihawl hi. Tua in dawi leh kau dona ahi hi. Kampau Luanzia

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Pansikni (Apini) Khuado hun nithum sung hi a, a pini, a kheklehni leh khuai-aihni ahi hi. Khuado a pini zingsang tungin Sawmte (Lawmte) kongbiangah dawi leh kau dalna-in zu, kaubelta khat leihsa leh pengbulhsa in kilup hi. A kiangah zasan halbangsa leh meihol kikoih hi. Zingsang vaihamsan ciangin sawm papite in, gan go uh hi. Nupite in, a inn ciat uah taksih nganhuan uh hi. Khangnote in khuang lehdak tumin, a sisate phawkna in mual a hahsiang uh hi. Sunlam ciangin nupite in, zu leh sa leh an kengin, dai (han) ahawh uh hi. A sisa a innkuanpihte luguh teng sathau zutin, a anpuakte uh a valui uh hi. Hih in asisa ih pu ih pi, ih nu ih pate zindona ahi hi. Daihawhte hong tunkik masiah pawi-an kine lo hi. Thang Ho zong khuado hunin a sisa a nau Lian Do’hanah vahawh in, a kahtapna in lakhat na phuak hi. (a) Dona lingling, dona lingling e, gualin kum khua dona lingling e. (b) Gualin kum khua dona lingling e Do’hanah nau bang vakap tang e, (c) Nau bang kap khaubang vaciah tang e, Saitui cianlai tanna silsial e, Hih la pen khuado laitak a Thang Ho in a nau a phawkna, kahtap la ahi hi. Ih khuado gualnop late pen a nuai ate ahi hi. 1. (a) Kum kikhen e, solkha dang e, zinin vangkhua zong hen aw. (b) Zin in vangkhua zong hen aw lawm, siangsung tuibang siang hen aw. 2. (a) Tukawl tawi kum khua ih khenna, ningzu khum leh aisa aw e. (b) Ningzu khum leh aisa aw e, khan kumsawt ciam laileng aw e. Hih a tunga late banah Dahpa la, Lohon la, Heisa la, Tuibung la a kipan la a tuamtuam kisa thei hi.

Khekleh Ni Khekleh ni ciangin, salu kheuhin, a pini a, sakoih laite kinekhawm kik hi. A pini bang mah in nungak tangvalte lam ziahziah in ki gualnuam thei mahmah hi. A kitawng a kisel om loin kinekhawm kidawnkhawm diamdiam hi. 129

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Khuai Aih Ni A khek leh ni zing ciangin khuai ki-ai hi. Khuai aihna dingin ak, vok, keel kizang thei hi. Ih pu ih pate in khuai a aih uh ciangin, ngimna lianpi khat nei uh hi. Na a sepna peuhmah uh ah, sih cianga ding, geelna vive ahi hi. Khuai aihna zong a sih ciangin thovai hung dinga, a deihna ahi hi. Tua manin, a ki ai khuai pen kine loin, halloh in hingkhawi a,kelengmangsak lel hi. Suahtakna pia hi. Hih suahtakna-in, sih ciangin, misiluang bawk, thote hong honsak nang a, cialna ahi hi. Tua mah bangin khuai aite a sih ciangin khuaite in, kongbiangah tho pangin, misi bawksak hetlo takpi hi.Tua ahih manin khuai-aihna in mihingte leh khuaite kihung ding cih kiciamna khat nahi gige hi. A ki ai lo khuaibu dangte pen khuai-aih ni mah in kihal a, kum’sia ding leh kumpha ding ciinna in kizang hi. Khuaibu sukham in a note kivel hi. Mailam ciangin an kihau ding hiam, kizawng ding hiam? Ki cidam ding hiam? Cih te khuaino panin kithei hi. Khuaino a thahat kim leh, kicidam hi. Khuaino a si a om leh, a si zahzah kisi hi. Khuaibu ah bemsin a tam leh, an kihau hi. Kici hi. Khuaino et la zong kinei hi. (a) Ka lo nawla, khuai aw e, sim ngalthen, zo ngalthen, nang in kumkhua na thei a, kong dong e. (b) Nang in kumkhua na thei a, kong dong e, ningzu a ken dong, aisa-a ken’n dong, ci-in kisa hi. A kilathei khuaite pen, Tuunpi, Ngaltuun, Ngalthen, Khuaithuum leh Khuaimu tea hi hi. Ih pu ih pate in na khat peuhpeuh a sep uh ciangin ngimna leh tupna lian nei-in sem uh hi. Khangthakte in, tua a ngimna thukte thei lo a, a puatham nopsakna bek tawh ih Zo ngeina ih manthansak khak ding lauhuai mahmah hi.

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Tua ahih manin khuado ih cih in: (1) A sisa ih pu ih pi, ih nu ih pate “khasam” ih hih manin, tuate zindona. A hihkeh lengla dona. (2) Hong bawlsia thei dawihang, kauhang nawhkhia a, dona leh (3) Hongsiam Pasian tungah lungdam kohna a, kumkhen pawi bawlna ahi hi. ZO NGEINA LEH BIAKNA Minam khempeuh in, ngeina leh biaknakip na neiciat uh hi. Ngeina nei o, biakna nei lote minam nei-in kisim lo hi. Tua ahih manin minam khat a, ih om theih nadingin ih ngeina leh, ih biakna ih kepsiam ding kisam mahmah hi. Ngeina: Ngeina ih cihin, mihaute ading a lah zattheih, mizawng daipam te’n lah azat zawh ding, mikim zatkim theih, zuihding thu pen ngeina kici hi. Hauh teh, hauhna tawh kizua a lianzat, zawn teh zawnna tawh kizui a, zawntat cih pen ngeina kicithei lo hi. Zomite zong, ngeina leh bikan neite ih hi hi. Ngeina ih cih pen mun khempeuh ah kisam hi. Ngeina om loin bangmah kisem thei lo hi. Biakna sungah zong Biakna ngeina mah na om pah hi. Tua ahih manin Biakna leh Ngeina in a kikhen thei lo thu ahi hi. I Zo Ngeina: Zomite in ngeina tampi, zia lehtong tampi mah ih nei hi. Tuate lak ah, Innsung panmun len (Phamawh) tawh kisai, ih ngeina hoihdan tawm khat ih gen ding hi. Innsung khat a, pasal ih om tak ciangin, ih inn sungahnopna, dahna hun a, ki-uap nadingin panmun kinei cingteng hi. Tua panmunte namkhat leh namkhat, khuakhat leh khuakhat kibang lo thei kha ding hi. Tu a ih gen ngeina tawh a kibang lote in no a, hong simmawh sak hilo a, Zomite lakpan minam khat, bekkhat phungkhat 131

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leh khua pawlkhat in a zat innsung phamawh panmun ngeina a gen ih hizaw hi. Hih innsung phamawh panmun ih neih manin, sum leh paai tawh cial kullo, zu leh sa tawh cial kul loin, panmun tek theisiamna leh, itna tak tawh ki-uap diamdiam a, a mau tavuan ciat a sep uh ciangin, nopna, dahna hun khempeuh ah vaihawm nuam mahmah hi. Hih in Zomite ngeina hoih leh kihuh kipanpihna hoih mahmah khat ahih manin, ih telkim ciat ding deih na lianpi ahi hi. Tua ngeina hoih in a nau a bang ahi hi. Innsung Phamawh (Panmun) Hawmna 1. Thalloh (Baangkuapi) - Pasal lam pan. 2. Sunghpi - Numei lampan. 3. Zinkhak (Beh bulnihna) - Pasal lam pan. 4. Pu - Numei lam pan 5. Tanupi (Tuitaak/Haitawi) - Pasal lam pan. 6. Tanu nauzaw (Sawlla) - Pasal lam pan. 7. Behsabawl - Pasal lam pan 8. Sungsabawl - Numei lam pan. 9. Beh thusa - Pasal lam pan. 10. Veng thusa - Veng kithutuahpih. 11. Nuphal - Pasal leh numei neikhawm. 12. Zawl (2 leh 3 kinei thei) - Pasal leh numei lampan khat tuak. Hih phamawh, panmunte hong piankhiatna in, a diakdiakin sihhun ciang leh, Biakna ngeina ihzat hun, pusa pasa thoihna ahi, Baangkhuapi thoih cianga, zatdinga, kibulphuh pen ahi hi. A maute in a panmun uh tawh kizui-in tavuan leh thu neihna neiciat uh hi. 1. Thalloh (Bang kuapi) Hih in, inn sung panmun lente lakah tavuan lian pen nei hi. Sihna, nopna, thusia, thupha ah tavuan khanpi ahi hi. Tua ahih manin hih panmun len dingin ih upipen kiseh a, upi a kineih kei leh, sanggam dang sungpan, muan pen kiseh hi. Sanggam sung pan a om Kampau Luanzia

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het kei lehzong khangual muan mahmah khat zong kiseh thei hi. Sakhi behzon kici hi. “Mittang khat taang mittang khat, hakhat taang hakhat” acih mah bangin, Zomite pen phu kila namte ih hi hi. Tua ahih manin Baangkua pipa ding pen, phu hong laksak ngam ding pa kiseh hi. Hih Baangkhuapipa in, leiba thaangba nei a, a loh zawh kei leh, zi lehta a lei zawh kei leh, a innsia a losia a puah zawh kei leh, vaihawmsak hi. Thusia thupha ah, tavuan neipi pen ahi hi. Khat vei lai-in sangam u leh nau neilo Zomite khat in, thal tawh mikhat kaplumkha hi. A liausum ding nei peuhmah loin midang khat in liausak hi. Tuapa pen, a inn ah Baangkuapi-in manpha a, thallohpa kici hi. Thalloh a khiatna in tua ahi hi. Tuni ciang dongin kizang suak hi.

4. Pu

2. Sunghpi Sunghpi ih cihin, ih zi hong paikhiatna, ih tate pute pen, Sunghpi kici hi. Baangkhuapipa (Thallohpa) tawh kibang a, numei lam pana tavuan khnapi ahi hi. Nopna, dahna ah Thalloh pa tawh vaihawm khawm uh hi.

6. Tanu nauzaw (Sawlla) Tanu mokhakte sung pan mah in kiseh hi. Tuitaak ahk. Haitawite mah tawh a tavian uh kibang hi. Bawghapi kitholh ciangin, vok golh nading singmam (sialsawl mam) sat ahih man leh, kongbiang a Nuhdo tunga suan ding sawl, la ahih manin, sawlla kici hi. Theihding: Hih tanupi geelin, inn sunga nasep khempeuh amau tavuan hi a, haksa mahmah hi. Tanu zubelpi khat a lak uh kula, a nasep a silbawl ding teng nusia in gilkial dangtak pimahin gamtang niloh hi. Sihna bangah tulai a, Zato lama, Zato a si cih bang om loin, lupna tungah a kum a kha in kikhoi uh hi. A zun a ek siaksak in, a innma a loma don man lo liangin pute innah giahdeen hi. A tavuan lian mahmah hi. Itna om kei leh kisem zolo hi.Hih tanupi geelin tanukhak dangte’ sepding, bawlding, vaihawmsak inmakaihhi.

3. Zinkhak (Behbul nihna) Thallohpa zom a, a beh bulpi ahi hi. Hih pen ih upi zom kiseh hi. Tua bang sanggam a kineih kei leh zong khangual muan mahmah khat peuh sakhi beh zonin kiman thei hi. Zomite zindo leenglado a hahkat mahmahte ih hi hi. Sihna nopna kiphate ih hi a, hual leh tual kikawmte ih hi hi. Nopna dahna ah zin hong dosak ih sanggamte pen zinkhak kici hi. Khatvei lai-in, Zomite khat in zin leh leng hau mahmah a zindo zolo hi. A sanggamte sung pan, a nei pen pa-in zinna dopih a, tuapa Baangkua nihna in na manin, Zinkhakpa ci-in min navawh hi. Tua a kipan in Behbul nihnapa pen “Zinkhak” kici hi.

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Pu ih cih pen, ih nu hong paikhiatna mun ahi hi. Numei lam pan sungpi zom ahi hi. Nopna dahna hitaleh, thusia thupha a om peuhpeuh, Thallohpa, Zinkhak pa leh Sungpipa tawh vaihawm khawm uh hi. 5. Tanupi (Tuitaak ahk. Haitawi) Innsung tanu ding pen, ih mokhakte sung pan upa belte mah kiseh hi. A diakdiak in Baangkhuapi kithoih ciangin, innteek te zulup, Tulpipa (Siampipa) zuphih dingin taaksak ahih manin, Tuitaak kici hi. Tua banah Tulpipa zuphih koihna, ukeu kawi kinkian tawisak ahih manin, Haitawi zong kici hi.

7. Beh sabawl Beh leh phung sung panin muan zawk deuhte mah kiseh hi. Innsung a sa kago ding peuhmah, khualhawh a zonding ahi zongin, gam sunga om, hawlding ahi zongin, a mau tavuan hi. Kampau Luanzia

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8. Sungh sabawl Sungh sabawl pen ih zi’panote ahih kei leh, a sanggam te uh pan kiseh hi. Ih zi ding, ih leini, mokhak ni mahin, sunghlamte thukim khat, hoih a sak khat uh hong sehsak pah uh hi. Beh sabawl tawh kop a, nasem khawm ding ahi hi. Theihding: Inn sunga sa kigo khempeuh nopsa dahsa, a mau geel tavuan hi a, Baangkuapipa (Thalloh leh innteekpa seh bangin sa-at in zekkhia hawmkhia uh hi. A mau in sa a sem theih kei leh zong, sasem cial uh hi. Sa-at a siam kei a, a neu a gol deuh, a guh baang deuh, a van lam deuh cite bang a om leh, Satan’ saang dingte phunthei ahih manin, sabawlte a siam mahmah ding kul hi.

9. Zawl Zawl pen, ih khangual, ih kithutuahpih, ih neu lawmte hiphadiak hi. Numei lam hita leh pasal lam hita leh nih leh thum kinei thei hi. Zawlta ki-itna pen, a nuntakna paai a, a kisihpih ngamte ahi uh hi. Nuphalte tawh lawmta bangin mapang khawm uh hi. A tavuan uh zong kibang hi.

11. Nuphal Nuphal ih cih pen, zi ki unaute ahk. zite’ pa’ ki unaute sungpan kiman hi. Tuate lakah ih kithutuahpih zawdeuhte ki-itpih deuhte kizong zawdeuh hi. “Sial nuphalta, sihkuangah kiliak’a cih mah bangin, nuphal pen, a diakdiakin sihhun ciangin sigui laitak a, innteekte a tutpih, lunglen khuangaih a kho dinga kizong, hipha diak hi.

KHANG KILAIHNA Innsungah khang kilaihna a om hun, nubel leh pabel a sihkhit ciangin, Pupite pen ama thuthu in bei a, Pute munah Sunghpi kikoih in, Sunghpi munah, khangthakte sunghte hong kibulh topah hi. Tua mah bangin, Sungh sabawl zong kilaih pah hi. Khangdiakte liten lai-in, sabaak tawh kizongte kahto pah hi. Tuamah bangin nuphal leh zawl zong khanglui tenga bei-in, khangthakte a hong kahto pah diamdiam uh hi. Tuitak (Haitawi) leh Sawlla zong, a laihpah a om bangmah in, khanglui a te mah azangsuak zongorn veve hi. Tua lotebel kilaih mengmeng khollo hi. Tua ahih manin, innsung panmun a kiseh ciangin, a ki-awhmawh zo hamtang thei ding, a kinaipih zawdeuh tengmah kiseh hi. Panmun len ding a, hong kiseh nak leh utkeng cih peuhmah om thei lo hi. Tavuan ih neih bang ciat zawh dingin kihanciam hi. Mihingte pen kaamsiat kaamphat ding, zawn leh ngau ding, tagah lubawk ding kigenkhol theilo ahih manin, hih ih Zo ngeina in, inn sung vai haksa khempeuh kipawlkhopna tawh, hong zawhpih thei hi. Hih bang ngeina in leitungah a hoihpen pawl hi-in, ka um hi. Innsung panmun leen a thupi penin hih nam 12 teng hi a, pasal innsuang khat ihih nakleh, hih panmunte om loin, inn kisuang zolo hi. Israel mite tawh ki-etteh leng, Israel mi beh sawm leh beh nih tawh nakituak lian hi. Pasian thu tawh en leuleu leng, Nungzui sawm leh nih, Topa Jesu in a nabulh mah tawh hong kibang leuleu hi. Tua ahih manin, Zomite pen, Pasian lamlahna tawh ngeina kip neite taktak ih hihlam hong kilang hi.

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9. Beh thusa Beh sung, u nau sung panin Beh thusa ding kiseh hi. Innsung vaihawmpi hi a, innsung panmun neite kua teng, sihna nopna ah mi paizah lengla sazian khempeuh ama khut sungah ki-ap hi. Zu kizat laiin zubeel gualin, zu leih hi. Niangtui kizat na-ah Niangtui awmin, a hawm zong tavuan lapah hi. A mau a hawm nop kei leh, a hawm ding cialsawn hi. 10. Veeng Thusa Ih veeng ih pam lakpan ih kithutuahpih pente tawh veeng thusa in kizonthuk thei hi. Amau innah ei, ei innah amau, veeng thusa in kipanthuk thei hi. Beh thusa tawh lawmta khat banga mapang khawm, tavuan kibang a nei khawm uh ahi hi.

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INNTEEKT TAVUAN Inn sung panmun leente in, itnatak tawh thasial hetlo a, a sep theih nadingin, innteekpa in panmun neite a lungkimsak ding kisam pha mahmah hi. Amau tavuan pen sihna leh kithoihna thute ah hizaw deuh ahih mah bangin, leitawi hang mahin zu a lup a, sa a gawh lohin phamawh hi. Amau panmun tawh kizui-in satan’ ngahtek uh ahih manin kilungkim tek hi. Amau satan’sangin a golzaw pekha phial leng zong, a lungkim tuan ding hi peuhmah lo hi. Ih tanu ih tapate in akum akha in, a hong gimpih uh hangin, a satan’ uh tawh lungkim pah uh hi. Amau innsungah zong, tua mah banga phamawh mah neihkul ahih manin, utkeng ngapkeng A bang mawk om theilo hi. Tua ahih manin innteekte in zong tanu tapate lungkim nadingin, a neih bangbang siit loin, penuam hi. “Ki-itna lobuang bangmah leii na kibaasak kei un,” a cih Lai Siangtho tawh ih Zo ngeina kituak mahmah hi. II. Zo Biakna Zomite in ngeina hoihmahmah hi neih mah bangin, biakna zong a kip mahmah a neite ih hi hi. Zomite pawlkhat in, biakna nei lo, Pasian be lo, Dawi bia peuh ih kisakkhakhang, taanglai a kipan in, ih pu ih pate in, cikmah in Dawi nabia ngeilo uh hi. A man Pasian, a nungta Pasian a thei lo bek hi a, Pasian mah a bia uh ahi hi. Athen khua mite in, “A Kithei Lo Pasian” a biak mah a bang ih hi hi.(Sawl. 17:23). Pusa Pasa Biakna Zomite. in a sisa ih pu ih pate kha, a bia ih hi hi-,Kha nuntakna umlua kisa in, a hih khempeuh uh, kha ading bekbek, a ngaihsutna uh ahi hi. Ei hong piangsak Pasian maanlian a theihloh uh hangin, ih pianna ih pu ih pate kha, nungta lai hi, cih um ahih manin pusa pasa abia uh hi. Pusa pasa biakna in, kum simin vokpi kunngak tawh Baangkuapi nathoih uh hi. Tua in, Topa Jesuh Calvary mualah khatvei biakna hong piakna. Tawh hong tat nading etsakna nahi gige hi. Tua ahih manin Zomite pen, taanglai peka kipan, a nungta Pasian makaihna tawh a 137

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kalsuan minamte ih hitakpi hi. Pusa pasa in, hong siamthei, hong suunthei, hong nethei hi, ci-in upna nei uh hi. Misite Khua (Sikhs Khua) Ih pu ih pate in, mikhat a sih ciangin, a nungta lai khakhat om hi cih, um uh hi. Tua khate in munkhatah khiia-,at in teeng uh hi, ci-in um uh hi. Tua khua pen, sikha khua (misite khua) hi a, a si masa peuhpeuh tua khua, tung pahpah hi, cih upna nei uh hi. Tua khua-ah, hih leitung’ ih nuntak lai a, ih om ziabangtmah in, hausa upa, makai, mihau, rnihai, mizawng mingau, cih kikhenna mah om veve dingin um uh hi. Tua ahih manin, tua sikha khua-ah mihau mi lian ih suahnop leh tu, ih nuntak laitak in, gawh leh luup, thah leh mat neihkul hi, cih upna nei uh hi. Gal-aih Sa-aih na Tua manin ih pu ih pate in gawh leh luup, thah leh mat kidemin, gal ai-in, sa ai-in, tual nangawn nathat uh hi. Hihte khempeuh sihkhit cianga, kha ading ngaihsutna vive ahi hi. Gal-ai, sa-ai zote sikha khuaah mi nuai-ah om loin a makai lam, hausa upa lamin om uh hi, cih upna nei hi. Tua dingin in gal-ai, sa-ai ahi hi. Khanken/Hanken Kawsah Tua banah sih ciangin, khanken kawsah ci-in, gan nago uh hi. Sial, Bawng, Keel, Vok, a kipan Sakol nangawn anei zote’n kikengsak hi. Khanken, kawsah dinga a kikengsak, a kigawh ganhing khempeuh, sikha khua-ah a khawi ding, agulh/avulh dingin a kha in, tonpih hi, cih upna nei uh hi. Tua manin neilo pipi mahin, ki inntuannaci-in han/ khanken, kawsah ki hahgen mahmah hi. Khuai-aihna Ih pu ih pate in khuai a aih uh ciangin ngimna lianpi khat anei ahi hi. Na a sepna peuhmah uh ah, sih cianga ding, geelna vive ahi hi. Khuaiaihna zong, a sih ciangin, siluang tho-in a boploh nadingin, thovai hong Kampau Luanzia

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dinga, a deih ahi hi. Tua manin, khuai-aih ciangin a khuai pen, hal loin, nelo uh a, hingkhawi-in leengmangsak lel hi. Suahtakna pia cih ding ahi hi. Hih thute khempeuh ih et ciangin, Zomite in tangtawnga kipan, biakna hita leh ngeina hita leh, a nungta Pasian tawh a kizom Biakna hoih leh ngeina hoih neite ih hi hi, cih kimuthei hi. Israel minamte ih hih lian loh hangin a mau ngeina leh biakna tawh kibang ngeina leh biakna neite hihang; Pasian ii teltuam kholhsa minamte hihang cih ih genngam hi. Tua ahih manin, hihzah a hoih leh nuntakna hong tu’n thei ih Zo ngeina leh Biaknate giabang zunin, naubang kemciat ni, Tung Sianmang in, pakbang hong tawi ding hi. MOKHAKSAHAWMNA Mo a kikhak ciangin, Mokha innteek te in, a nau abangin, sa kihawm hi. 1. Thalloh (Baangkuapi)tan: Atel leh a sungkua namkim sang hi. 2. Sunghpi tan: Atel sungnu’n leh sungkua namkim sang hi. 3. Tanupi (Tuitaak/Hai tawi)tan: A-iik leh sungkua namkim sang hi. 4. Tanu nauzaw (Sawlla) tan: Aphuuk leh sungkua namkim sang hi. 5. Zinkhak (Behbul nihna) tan: Azungzuui leh sungkua namkim kipia hi. 6. Tua mah bangin, Pu, Beh sabawl, Sungh sabawl, Beh thusa, Veng thusa, Nuphal leh Zawl dongin, Zinkhak pangah bangmah, zungzuui leh sungkua namkim ngah ciat uh hi. Vok a hih leh bel, sungkua namkim kipia lo-in, angoi tumkhat bek kipia hi. 139

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SAKUANGKHEN Hih Sakuang khen ihcih pen, Mokha innteek te in, Molei akuan lamte, a puaksak dinga, akhenkhiat uh sanam teng ahi hi. Tua Mokensak sanam tengin anuai a bang ahi hi. 1. A phei meibaang 2. A-iik tawn 3. A liang geel, 4. Khanuai phalkhat 5. A zungzuui langkhat 6. A dekguh phalkhat 7. A gilpi phalkhat 8. A bil langkhat 9. A ngoi kawnkhat 10. A sin sehthum suah sehkhat,, kikhen hi. MONEITE SAHAWMNA Inntekk’tan: A liangbit khat leh, sungkua namkim ngah hi. Tua lobuang adang teng, Mokha innteek te hawm bangin, kihawm hi. Hawmval a om leh, innteek kikhiat hi. Khangual sagawh na-ah, aliangkhat pia lo-in, tua loteng kibang hi. hih in ih Zongeina, Mokhak, Moleii Sahawm zia ahi hi.

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KHANKEN KAWSAH HAWMNA LAANGKHAKNA ‘ADAAK’ Tanupi (ahk.) Tuitaak san: Aphei, sial go ta aneel, anaak tang khat, (vakhu peu) a siala angah hiteng. Aminsa in: anaak tangnih baang, apheisa baak khat, angawng sa baak khat, ahuai baak khat, asin, aliangsa, a gilpi, a gilkha, atuap, a ekthup, a ikleh, leh, innlakte guina, aphuukkaa a kopsam salaakte sasempa’n hoih asak cia pialai hi. Tanu nauzaw (ahk.) Sawlla san: Aliang sangin adangte Tanupi a tawh kibang hi. Tanugeel hawmkikna: Apheisa baaknih suah a, tanu uzaw leh thallohte hawmsak hi. Apheisa nihsuah, anaakbul nihsuah, ahuai baakkhat tuak, asamal sa’n aliang nih lisuah a, a keng banna hei, aphukka tumnih suah a, anawi baang lam leh, asamal san liang khat tanu nauzawte pia, a om laite khatta in phamawh hawmsak hi. Thalloh leh Sunpi’ san: Anaak nih, apheisa, aliangsa, angawng, ahuai, asin, angoi, atuap, agilpi, a ekthup, a ikleh, a gilkha sang hi. Mi’guina a pheimal a hoih pen teelsak. Tuhun ciangin a pheisa taangin thallohte apheimal pia hi. Sungpite a liangsa taangin, aliangmal pia hi.

Zinkhak leh Pu’san: Anaak nih baang, apheisa, aliangsa, a ngawngsa, ahuai, asin, angoi, atuap, agilpi, ekthup, ikleh, agilkha saang hi. Tuhun ciangin a sialin savo baakkhat tuak pia hi. Zinkhak leh Pu’hawmkikna: Anakkbul nih suahin, tanupi leh thalloh hawmsak hi. Apheisa thum suahin, tanu nauzaw, sungpi, zinkhak hawmsak hi. Sabawlgeel san: Asialin a iik naak giat, naak li suaha, azum lam (a iiklam) a tanute pia hi. amau ading, apheisa baak khat leh, anaak liomlai hi. Aminsa in, anaakbul nih, aliang, angawng, ahuai, asungkua namkim saang hi. Hawmkikna: Anaakbul nih suahin, tanu nauzaw leh thalloh hawmsak hi. Mi’ guina a omleh a pheimal khattuak tanglai hi. Thusageel san: Anaakbul nih (vun baang lo) aliang, angawng, aphei, ahuai, asungkua namkim saang hi. Hawmkikna: Anaak nihsuahin, tanupi leh thalloh hawmsak hi. Apheisa thum suahin, tanu nauzaw, sungpi leh zinkhak hawmsak hi.

Thalloh leh Sungpi hawmkikna: Apheisa baak thum suah a, tanu nauzaw, sungpi leh zinkhak hawmsak hi. Anaakbul, tanupi leh thalloh hawmsak hi. Tuhun ciangin apheimal pia, sungpite a liang sumkul pia hi.

Zawl leh Nuphal’san: Anaakbul khatta, asungkua omlai bangbang kipia hi. Khankuang bawlte angawng phelkhatta hawmsak hi. Nautang, angoi tumkhat leh agilpi pia hi.

141

Kampau Luanzia

Paunam Khenna Leh

142

Sungtaa san: Aphuuk, angoi, agilpi, miguina aom leh vokno malkhat saang hi. Aphuuk, Puantawi leh ankhol adingin eusak hi. Simaisa: Aphuuk, asungkua nammkim pia hi. Khuangtumsa: Daak tumte tawh a hawm dingin naak khat, asungkua lakah asin lo buang, apheisa kipia hi. Laangkhetsa: Apheisavo khat khuangtumpa kipia hi. Salaak: Thallohta’ ateltawn, zungzui kaikha, aliang khat, apheimal, ahuai, nidangin aliang sumkul kila hi; tuhun ciangin kila nawnlo hi. Atel leh azungzui, innteekte in ngaha, adangteng hawm hi. Ahuai tuitawite pia hi. Innlakdang guina: Aliangbit khat, apheimal, atel sungnun, ahuai, tanugeela innteek te’n tang hi. Innteek nauzaw (tangval’guina) guina tanu sabawl li, innteek tanu uzaw in, asialin aliang, anauzaw in aphei, thallohte’n atel, sungpite’n telsungnun, sungkhua namkim tuak, tanu zom uzawgeelin a iiknak nga, akhanuai phalkhat tuak, a upen in aliangpak tang hi. Anaakbul leh asungkua namkim, nauzaw geelin, aphuk leh abil tang hi.

143

Paunam Khenna Leh

Khandal ni: Innteekte adingin Lukhungsa; alung phallang, amok, acing bakkhat, azel tum khat, atuap, agilkha, asin, ekthup, akalgeel, alei tum khat hi. Phamawh tengin, abil giatsuah a, sabawl ciang khattek tang uh hi. Aleii, acing, alung, agilpi, atuap, baak khattek tang uh hi. Thusate’n abil tangin, akamphuan tang hi. Adangte akibang hi. Nautaang aom bangin baak khattek kipia hi. Situamte’ guina hawmna: A thalloh pa’n zupatsa atel anihin ngah hi. Sungpipa’n atel sungnun mah saang hi. Zinkhakte’n azungzui anakbul hoih teng sang hi. Sabawl leh thusa in, anaakbul (azungzui) khatta ngah hi. Tanute’n angah ngei bangmah ngah hi. Sungpite’ guina hawmna: Innteek a sungsabawlte’n zupatsa, atel, angomai ngah hi. Adang hawmdangte tawh kibang hi. Sung sabawlte’n a gui leh a innteek te’n zupatsa ngah hi. NAUKUUN Tanugeel san: Nidang lai-in tanu uzawte’n aphei leh aneel, tanu nauzawte’n aliang sumkul ngah hi. Tuhun ciangin abitin kipia hi. Aminsa in, asungkua namkim leh aphukka ngahtuak lai hi. Thallohte’ san: Nidangin, atel ngah hi. Tuhun ciangin, meipum ahih leh apheimal ngah hi. Vok ahih leh atel mah ngah hi. Asungkua kibangin ngah hi. Kampau Luanzia

144

Sungpite’ san: Nidangin, atel sungnun ngah hi. Tuhun ciangin, aliang sumkuul leh sungkua namkim ngah hi. Zinkhak san: Zinkhakte leh phamawhte in, apheisa, aliangsa, angawngsa, ahuai ngah tuan lo hi. Zinkhakte’n adaak a ngah bangin, ngah hi. A tunga te lobuang ngah hi. HIHNEIH GAL-AIH SA-AIHNA HIHNEIHNA Tanute san: Nauzaw te’n aphuk, apheisa, angawngsa, ahuai, aphukka, asungkua namkim, aliangsa, sa-aihna-ah nagh lo, gal-aihna bekah ngah hi. A uzawte’n a iik ngah hi. aphuuk lobuang adang kibang hi. Thalloh’san: Sihni abangin sang hi. Zinkhak’san: Nidangin anaakbul ngah hi. Tuhun ciangin, atel, anaakbul leh sa namdangte adang mah tawh kibang hi. Sungpi’san: Asial ngah lo hi. Aminsa-in anaakbul akipan adangte tawh kibang hi.

kibang hi. Thusageel san: A uzawte’n a iik, anaakbul akipan adangte kibang hi. Nauzawte’n aphuuk, anaakbul, adangte kibang hi. Zawl leh Nuphal san: Anaakbuh leh asungkua namkim sang hi. Innteek koihsak: Akawng, (ameigui) phalkhat, aliang khat ki koihsak hi. Galaihna leh Sa-aihna vaaksa lobuang kibang hi. VAAKSA Sa-aihna-ah aliangbit (hawmsak) gal-aihna-ah aliangpak eu(atonghlam) hawmsak. Vaakte’ ciah ciangin kitaihna dingin, asin leh angoi (sasempabaak). SIAL NGETNA LEH NAUCING GOIHNA Nidangin a gote’ thalloh pa’n apheimal ngahkik hi. Ago pa’n aliang sumkul ngah hi. Tuhun ciangin, thalloh pa’n apheimal ngah nawnlo a, a go pa’n ngah hi. A gote’ tanute leh a gawhte’ tanute’n aphuk leh a iik, ngeina bangin ngah tuak uh hi.

Pu’san: Asialin atel sungnun, aminsa in: adang mah tawh kibang hi.

SA KIGAWHNA

Sabawl’san: Asial ngah lo hi. Aminsa-in anaakbul akipan adangte tawh

Sa kigawh a tuamtuam om hi. Sanggam sa kigawh, khangual sa kigawh, zin sagawh adt...., cih bangin a tuamtuam om hi. Bangbang sa kigawh ahi zongin, alang apuaksak leh Molei sagawh bangin

145

Kampau Luanzia

Paunam Khenna Leh

146

kihawm dinga, aliang galkahsak lo ding hi. Mokhakna bekah aliang ki galkahsak hi. Sa kigawh ahih hangin alang a kipuaksak keileh Sial ngetna leh naucing goihna bangmahin kihawm ding hi. ZUHAWMDAN SIHNA LAWMHAWMNA Innteekpa leh tanu uzaw (Tuitaak) kilawm hi. Thalloh leh Sungpi kilawm hi. Zinkhak leh Pu kilawm hi. Sabawlgeel kilawm hi. Beh thusa leh Tuitakpa tanu uzaw kilawm hi. Veng thusa leh Tanu nauzaw kilawm hi. Zawl leh Nuphal kilawm hi. Atung ate tanu uzawtek kilawm hi. Nautang dang, tanukhak leh sanggam val, sung valte kilawmsak hi. Sihni, khandalni ciangin Nuhkaa ni abangin, lawm kihawm hi. Innteek in lawm neilo hi. ZUPAN Thallohte zu, innteek pa’n pan (sasem hawh). Tanugeel a, athalloh tuakin pan. Sungpita’ innteek sungsabawlin pan hi. Sungsabawlta’ innteek sungpipa’ zinkhak in pan hi. Adangte amau zinkhak tekin pan hi. NUHKAA NI, LAWMHAWHNA Tulpi leh innteek kilawm hi. Thalloh leh Sungpi kilawm hi. Tanu uzaw leh Thusa uzaw kilawm hi. Tanu nauzaw leh Thusa nauzaw kilawm hi. 147

Paunam Khenna Leh

Zinkhak leh Pu kilawm hi. Sabawlgeel kilawm hi. SA KIGAWH ZUHAWMNA Innteek leh akuante a, a kibangin, a thalloh leh a tuitak tuakin, bawla, inn teekte’n akuante suah, akuante’n innteekte suah, thalloh in pasal suah, tuitak in numei suah hi. Tua, khit ciangin alawmtuak suah uh a, tuate zawh ciangin, innteek omlai teng vaak hi: Adangte a vaihawmte’n inn mi-in, tanu nauzaw tawh zinkhak, sabawl tawhin pana, alawmtek asuah khitteh, vaihawmte’n innmi pia hi. (Sanggam val leh tanukhak kithuah sak hi). ZO NAMBATTE (NUMBERS) bem ................ khat ................ nih .................. thum ................ Ii ..................... nga. ................. guk ................. sagih ............... giat .................. kua .................

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

khat ............................. sawm ........................... za ................................. tul ................................ tulsawm ....................... tulza ............................. thenkhat ....................... Kampau Luanzia

sawmkhat .................... sawmnih ...................... sawmnga ..................... zakhat.......................... zanga, .......................... tulkhat ......................... thenkhat....................... sangkhat ...................... awnkhat....................... makkhat ......................

10 20 50 100 500 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

A LOM A SIMNA 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1000,000 148

thensawm...................... thenza. ......................... sangkhat ...................... sangsawm ...................... sangza ............................ awnkhat ......................... awnsawm ....................... awnza ............................ makkhat .........................

10,000,000 100,000,000 1000,000,000 10,000,000,000 100,000,000,000 1000,000,00 - 0,000 10,000,000,000,000 100,000,000,000,000 1000,000,000,000,000

KRAMINTE Mangkha min

ZAWMA NAMBATTE (ROMAN NUMBERS) I

= 1

XX

=

20

II III IV V

= 2

XXX

=

30

= 3 = 4 = 5

XL L

= =

40 50

VI VII VIII IX X XI

= = = = = =

LX LXX LXXX XC C CC CCC

= =

60 70

=

80

= = = =

90 100 200 300

XII

= 12

CCCC (or)CD D DC DCC DCCC

= = = = =

400 500

CM

=

900

M MM

= 1000 = 2000

6 7 8 9 10 11

XIII

= 13

XIV XV

= 14 = 15

XVI XVII

= 16 = 17

XVIII = 18 M

149

= 19

600 700

800

Paunam Khenna Leh

Zokha min

Judahkhamin

Kawl kha min

January February March April

Theinosihkha Tunkha Dota Dopi

Shhebat Adar Nisan(or)Abib Ivar (or) Zif

Tabohdwe Tapaung Takhu Kasong

May

Zingkha

Sivan

Nazong

June

Gamkha

Tammuz

Waso

July

Tangsihkha

Ab

Wakhaung

August

Tangkha

Elul

Tawtalin

September

Phalkha

Tishni

Tadingyut

October

Khuadokha

Heshvan(or)Bul Tasaungmon

November

Nokha

Kislev

Nadaw

December

Kaukha

Tebeth

Pyatho

NIPIKAL MINTE MIKANG

MEITEI

ZOMI

KAWL

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Nipi Thangsa Lakmai Ningtho (kah) Leipak Zumsakeih Sakawm(siam)

Nipi Pizang Pithai Nilai Laizing Laithai Nino

Taninganwe Taninla Enga Bohdahhu Kyatapatey Tauhkya Saney

Kampau Luanzia

LAISIANGTHO

Ni masani Ni nihni Ni thumni Ni lini Ni ngani Ni gukni Nisagih ni

150

HUN KHENNA Setkan (Second) Minit..................... Nai ....................... Ni ......................... Nipi ...................... Kha ...................... Ni ......................... Nipi ......................

60 ................ 60 ................ 24 ................. 7 ................... 4 ................... 12 ................. 365 ................ 52 ..................

AREA TEHNA Minit (Minute)...... 1 Nai ........................ 1 Ni .......................... 1 Nipi ....................... 1 Kha ....................... 1 kum ....................... 1 kum ....................... 1 kum ........................ 1

151

12 ................. 3 ................... 22 .................. 10 .................. 8 .................... 36 .................. 792 ................ 66 .................. 7920 .............. 660 ................ 220 ................ 63360 ............ 5280 .............. 1760 .............. 80 ..................

144 ................. 9 ..................... 484 ................. 100 ................. 64 ...................

Pi ............................ 1 Yat (Yard) ............... 1 Sikkhau .................. 1 Falong .................... 1 Tai .......................... 1 Yat .......................... 1 Sikkhau .................. 1 Sikkhau .................. 1 Falong .................... 1 Falong .................... 1 Falong .................... 1 Tai .......................... 1 Tai .......................... 1 Tai .......................... 1 Tai .......................... 1

Paunam Khenna Leh

Pi khawk ................ 1 Yat khawk .............. 1 Sikkhau khawk ...... 1 Falong khawk ........ 1 Tai khawk .............. 1

AGIK TEHNA Tikal (Tical) ............. 25 ................... Tikal ......................... 50 ................... Tikal ......................... 100 .................

ASAUTEHNA Khutpi (Letmat).. Pi ........................ Yat ...................... Sikkhau .............. Falong ................ Khutpi ................ Khutpi ................ Pi ........................ Khutpi ................ Pi ........................ Yat ...................... Khutpi ................ Pi ........................ Yat ...................... Sikkhau ..............

Khutpi khawk .......... Pi khawk .................. Yat khawk ................ Sikkhau khawk ........ Falong khawk ..........

Tawilang’lang Tawilang Tawi khat

SUM SIMNA Dangkasan

Kampau Luanzia

pai ................... pe 2 ................. mu 2 ................ mat 2 ............... hamu 2 ............ pia (Pyas)25 .... Pia 50 .............. Mat nih ................ Hamu nih ............ Pia 100 ................. Pia 1000 ...............

pe 1 mu 1 mat 1 hamu 1 pek khat Matkhat Hamu Hamu Pek khat Pek khat Pek sawm

152

A SAU TEHNA (MEASUREMENT) 10 mm ................ 10 cm ................. 10 deci ............... 10 m ................... loom ................... 1000 m ...............

lcm 1 deci 1 m ............. 1.094 yard 1 deca 1 hecto 1 km ... 0.6214 mile

KIMAWLNA NAM TUAMTUAMTE 1. Bawlung Tualpi

2.205 0.984 ton (long)

153

8. Vai ciahhun 15. Daipam luphun 9. Nitum 16. Luphun 10. Ak gilkah 17. Zankim 11. Sanggam melmak18. Ak khuan 12. Khawmial. 19. Ak masa khuan 13. Sawm ciahhun 20. Singkhe tan 14. Zawllen hun 21. Phalvak

Paunam Khenna Leh

Avai ................... Kung (Goal) .....

50 pan 100 yrds A zaina 8 yrds A sanna 8fts, (pi)

Bawlungbetna. tual (Volleyball court) A sauna ............. 60 ft.(pi) A zaina .............. 30 ft. Len (Net) sanna 7.10 ft Len (Net) zaina 3 ft.

3.

Akkha satna tual (Badminton Court) sauna .................. 44 ft (pi) zaina ................... 22 ft. Len (Net) sanna 5 ft. Len (Net) zaina 2 ft.

4.

Pingpong sabuai (Pingpong table) A sauna

NI KHAT HUNKHENNA 1.Khuavak 2.Nisuah 3.Vaihun 4.Vai hamsan 5.Sun kim 6.Nikai 7.Sial hawlhun

100 pan 130 yrds

2. A GIK TEHNA (WEIGH MEASUREMENT) 10 decigram................... 1 gram log ................................. .. decagram 100 g ............................. .. 1 hectogram 100 g ............................ ... lkg ............... 1 ton (Matric ton) .......... 1000 kg ............

A dung .............

A sauna ............. A zaina .............. A sanna ............. Len (Net) sauna Len (Net) a sanna

Kampau Luanzia

9 ft. (pi) 5 ft. 21/2 ft. 6 ft 63/4 inches (khutpi)

154

NAUPANG LA, NAU OIH LA, DAAKLA LEH PHIIT LA Tanglai (Khanglui lai, Nidang lai) in ih pu ih pate in, la a tuamtuam nanei uh hi. Nopla, dahla, lunglen khuangaih la a kipan ngeina la, biakna la nanei uh hi. Bangbang la hita leh, la a sak uh ciangin “aw thum (okH;aygufoH) tawh nasa uh hi. Tua aw thum te zong namnih in kikhen. a, “d r m” aw leh “d m s” aw zatna ahi hi. Hun hong kikhel toto in aw thum pan aw nga ah hong kahto hi. Tua hun ciangin. “d r m f s” aw tawh nasa uh hi. Tu hun ciangin, hun tawh ki zui-in, leitung bup ii zat aw sagih “d r m f s 1 t” tawh ih sathei ta. hi. Aw thum “d r m” aw tawh kisa khanglui Naupang la pawlkhat en dih ni. 1.

2.

155

/r .m :r /d .m :r /d .d :m /m :r .m Ni suum e, kha suum e, hausa, si vak, mang si :m .m /d :d /m .d :m /m .m :d /d :m Nu ei hausa ih hi na? Pa ei hausa ih hi :d .r /m .d :r .m /d :m .r /m .r Hausa ni teh,mang niteh sengtawng bawm tawng :m .m /d :d .d :m .r /d .m :m /- :pua niteh, kel ip ciang kang khun va ziau.(ni ciai) /r .m :r /r :m .m /d .d :m .m /d .d Maimu teemteem, pi si sawh sa, pu sisawh /m .m /r :m .m /r neknek na, taak taak na :d .m /m .d :d /d .m :m .d /d Heh oh! a sawh loh, heh oh! a sawh sa, :r .m /m .m :r .m /m :d .r /r :Kuangtaw zut oh! thamvalh oh! Ok lenglang.

/m vak. .d /m na?

AW SAGIH AW TAWH A KISA NAUPANG LA (a)

:s, .s, /d .d Pi aw na nik .m /m :d .d e, delh aw

:d .d /d tui-in taii, /r :m .r pi, delh

(b)

:s, .s, /d .d :d .d /d :s, A lii-ah lawm suk diaidia, buhtei .m /m :d .d /r :m .r /d kai aw pi, kawi

Paunam Khenna Leh

.s, /m kawi :aw pi

.m :m in kai aw pi

NAU OIHLA Nau awih la tawh kisai-in aw thum om a, a nuai a bang ahi hi. :d .d /r :r /d .d :m .m /r :r /d .d :d .d /d .d :d .d /r

sa

:s, .s, /m .m :m delh keng keng awpi aw /d:aw pi

:r :r :d .d

/d .d /d .d /r

:r :r :d

/d /d /d

.r /d::d .r /d:.r :d /-:-

Hih aw thum te lakah khat pepeuh tawh pan thei, khat pepeuh tawh zom in, khat pepeuh tawh ki tawp thei hi. Nau awi te in, a nau ihmut baih, thei nangin, a khimna ahih mah bangin a deihdeih in pan thei, zom thei tawpsak thei hi. Nau awih la pen, aw kikim, kammal kikim dim diam tak a, kiphawk ahi hi. Nau awih la pawl khat en dih ni. 1. :d .d /r :r /d .d :r /d .d :r /d :d .r /d:Ka nau a a kape ka khemna ding ka theilo, /m .m :r /r :d .d /r :d .d /r :d /d .r /d :Na khemna ding na thei keh tunga kawlva in khem aw, :d .d :d .d /d .d :r /d .d :r /d :d .r /d :A tung kawlva leng zo e, nau aw nakah na tawp aw. Kampau Luanzia

156

2. Ka nau aw, khang mengmeng aw, daisak singdawng vakuai aw, Daisak singdawng kuaih zawh ciang, nangin ih nu’thakhek aw Nangin ih nu thakhek aw, kei in ih pa thakhek ning. Nutha lah khek zo keng e, patha lah khek zo keng e.

9. Nu aw hong ciah mengmeng aw, ka nau in nawipi duh e.

3. Ka nau aw khang mengmengaw, huan a maidawng hong bang aw Huan a maidawng batzawh ciang, nute pate thakhek aw. Nute pate thakhek nan, daipam singdawng vakuai aw. Daipam singdawng kuaihzawh ciang, utna peuh ah dahna peuh ah ih hawh ding.

10.Ih nu mual ah hong ciah e, a nikpi hong veii dial dial.

4. Ka nau aw ihmumu aw, naknaknak aw ka tuai aw. Na ihmut suah kahpih ken’, na naknat suah senpih ken’n. Ihmut suak kua in kap diam? naknat suak kua ih sen diam. 5. Gungal ah guah hong bawm e, mo aw ih taang na luak aw. Ih taang lah luak zo ing e, ih tui lah tawi zo ing e. Gungal guahbawm nahi e, thangvan meiikai nahi e. 6. Ih khua mualpi sang zawm aw, khuangsuan mualpi sang zawn aw. A lai-ah khau bang cian’g e, khuangsuan mualpi sang zaw e. 7. Ih nu nawipi khum zawm aw, pute huantu khum zawm aw. Ih nu nawipi thaang deldal pute huanntu khum zaw e. 8. Ih nu mualah hong suak e, thei leh tangmai hong puak e. A thei a khum ta zawm aw, amai a khum ta zawm aw. Theitang khuaipi zu bang e, maitang siktui tam bang e.

Nawi duh nawi na pia vevua, an duh an na pia vevua.

Ih pa phai ah hong ciah e, a kawltei hong lek zialzial. Nu tunkal di ngaklang e, pa tunkal di ngaklang e. Nu tun ciangin, nawi ne aw, pa tun ciangin an ne aw. 11. Nu aw hong ciah mengmeng aw, ka nau mi’n hong matsak e. Bang ma’n a mi a man am, taipai ih bat ma’n hi e. Taipai bangzah ih ba am, bokthok khum dim baa hang e. Bokthok khum dim batma’n a miluang saluang vaman ta. DAAK LA Ih pu ih pate in Daak a tum uh ciangin “aw thum” mah na zang uh hi. “d r m” aw hi a, “d” aw pen “a un’ci-in, “r” aw pen, “a laii” ci hi. “m” aw pen, “a eu” na ci hi. Daak thum ompah a, , tuate kidawng sak diamdiam hi. Daak la zong a tuamtuam om a, daak la aw tawh ki zui-in Icitum hi. Daak la pawl khat endih ni. /m :r /m .r /m :r /d :m /m :r /r :m 1. Dol deeng, dol deeng, dol deeng deeng dol, dol deeng deeng dol 2. Pum va, pum va, pum va va pum, pum va va pum. /d:/d :/d :/d :/d :/:d /r

Paunam Khenna Leh

/m

:-

deeng deeng dol. va va pum. /-

157

:d

:d

Kampau Luanzia

/-

:-

158

PHIITLA Ih Zo ngeina tumtheih mumtheih te lakah phiitmut pen, a aw a tam pawl ahi hi. Aw lai om a, a hual om in, a teelek om hi. Hih te a ki dawngin kimut diamdiam hi. Phiit la pawlkhat endih ni. 1.

2.

/d :Phi /m :-

::-

/r :Phu /s :-

::-

/d :d /r :r /r :d Phiphi phuphu phuphi /m :m /s :s /- :m

/d :- :Phi /m :- :-

/r :Phu /- :-

::-

/m :- :Phi /s :- :-

4. Ih pute’tate pen, ih tate’pute hi a, ih pa ahi hi. Pute’tate = Tate’pute = Pa 5. Ih pute’ tute pen, ih tute’ pute hi a, ei i hihi. Pute’tute = Tute’ pute = Ei Ih pate’tate pen ih tate pate hi a, ei ih hi hi. Pate’ tate = Tate’ pate = Ei 6. Ih pate’tute pen, ih tute’ pate hi a, ih ta ahi hi. Pate’tute = Tute’pate = Ta

/r :phu /s :-

7. Ih tate’tate pen, ih tu ahi hi. Tate’ tate = Tu

/d :r /d :r /r :d /r :- /m :Phi phu phi phu phu phi phu phi /m :s /m :s /s :m /- :- /s :Tua banah ih pu ih pate in, tumthei muttheih a dang atuamtuam nanei lai uh hi. Tua te in, khuang, zaam, sialki, daktal, gawsem, khausai a kipan a ngaih nono, a zaknop nono nei lai uh hi. Hih te a kitum, a kimut ciangin Dawi biakna hi zenzen loa, Zongeina, Pasian hong piak ngeina kip te hizaw hi. Na khempeuh zatsiam leng, manneikim hi. ZOMITE KHANGKUA KIZOPNA MIN KILEHBULHTE 1. Ih pute’pute pen, ih pu sawnsawn ahi hi. Pute’ pute = Pu sawnsawn.

8. Ih tate’ tute pen, ih tute’ tate hi a, ih tu sawn ahi hi. Tate’ tute = Tute’tate = Tu sawn 9. Ih tute’tute pen, ih tu sawnsawn ahi hi. Tute’tute = Tu sawnsawn Theihding:

Lim sungah, hih lutang a nei pen, ei ih hi a, a lutang bek a vom nei pen, ih gennop mipa ahi hi. Nambat khat pan, pan inla, thaltang kawkna lamlam ah enin, ngaihsun lecin, natel thei pah ding hi. Hih in Zomite ih pu sawnsawn pan ih tu sawnsawn dong khangkua sung kizopna Min kilehbulh to ahi hi.

2. Ih pute’ pate pen, ih pate’ pute hi a, ih pu sawn ahi hi. Pute’ pate = Pate’pute = Pu sawn 3. Ih pate’ pate pen, ih pu ahi hi. Pate’pate = Pu 159

Paunam Khenna Leh

Kampau Luanzia

160

PAUNAK LEH A KHIATNA 1.A si masa puantuam tang. * A masa peuh hampha zaw. 2.Akta mangkuan kitutu. * Kilemna om kei leh, kiamsukna, manthanna piang. 3.Akta duhgawl kilawhkhuh. * Huaiham lua leng gimna kingah thei. 4.Aktui sungah a vom ding leh a kang ding kithei lo. * Mailam thu piang ding kigen khol thei lo. 5.Buipi leikei in zong khua ngai. * Kidawmin gamta ding. 6.Bui a phakkuan a tawp. * Maban tun dektak napi, a tutkuan a tawp. 7.Ciimnuai a sa kibah, Geltui ah kithuk. * Lungdamna mangngilh ngei lo, khat vei teitei thukkik hamtang. 8.Dek lam tuktum zong gal suak. * Ih muan pen zong gal suak thei. 9.Gallu kihta gallu tuak. * A haksa khat peuh ut lo a, ih pelh hangin tuak veve. 10.Galphawnkuan leh matutkim. * Nasepna khat peuhpeuh ah, ih zawhkuan ciangin, hanciam semsem ding. 11.Gip zong leh khuai zong kituak. * Deih tuak kikhek. 12.Hakai pahtak lung heng. * A hoih dinga ih upmawh khat, a hoih lote. 13.Hausa sialmei let. * Nasepna-ah a kimangsakte. 14.Hausa ziakin kuangzawn ban. * A hau a lian khat peuh vangin a kiim a pam-aten noptuamna ngah. 15.Hawmsem nungta nebum puksi (si baih). 161

Paunam Khenna Leh

* Cingh in hawm dimdiam leng, nuntak nuam. Huaihamin angsung bek gen leng, puksi thei. 16.Inngua hah lo gamgua hah. * A u a nau, a khua a tui push lo a, midang a puahte. 17.Kamsiam siallei sang, kamsia sial liau. * Kamsiam leng thusia pen zong mai thei, kamsia zang leng thu gina lo khat zong kiliau thei. 18.Khaikha a gui-ah gah. * Mi hoih lote Idguizuih. 19.Kawl zong tuidamin kiho. * Zin do lengla do siam. 20.Kom Kim zong tapasal sagih neisa nawkik. * Numeite tanu tapa a kimin a neih hangin, kisaktheih ngam huai lo. 21.Khuapiguah zu satang hal. * Thu khat peuh a than vengvang hang, a dai baihte. 22.Leiba leh sakha nuainung. * Leiba neite kisimmawh. 23.Lam nai tawn nuam behiang kum kua-a tung lo. * Angeina bang tawn loin, a baihbawl manin haksatna a piang thei thute. 24.Langbawm/Mangbawm a ek ah awk. * Ih kidop kei leh eima gamtatna pan gimna kingah kik thei. 25.Leii leh ha zong kipet. * Ih it ih ngaih pente tawh zong kitawng kha thei. 25.Lusum zong bingtawng a zom. * Thu siasa a hoih dinga lempha. 27.Meima lo-ah tho, tu lo. * A omsa thu khat om loin kigen lo. 28.Meigong lung leh sazan ta. * Thu khual lo, hehbaih, lungtom, ngongtat 29.Mihing leh papo. * Mihing nuntak huntom. Kampau Luanzia

162

30.Mualmong meikhu zong nuamtuam. * Dahna lungkhamna, haksatna i tuah laitakin i gei-a mi ommawk khat zong nuamtuam sa-in kingai hi. 31.Mui zang lua kipei sat. * A kipilsak lua te’n tuakkhial baih.

* A neu nate zo masa loin na lianpi a tumte. 44.Sial tat nunga sialdai kai. * A sia ding teng a siat khitteh, ih puahkik hang phatuam nawn lo. 45.Sial nuphal zong sihkuangah kiliak. * Ih lawm ih gual luite kimangngilh ngei lo ahih manin ih kimuh kik ciangin nuam kisa. 46.Sial vom leh sial vom kiingai. * Eimah tawh a kibang mite kingai. 47.Simbeng zong kim citciat tangzang kiguang. * Pilna siamna kikim ta leh makai ding khat kiguang tuam.

32.Nadak kangin Kawl lawh, Daizang kangin Sulgua peh. * Mun khat a thu piang khat in mun khempeuh lawh thei. 33.Ngaltang hapaksa tumkik ngei lo. * Pasal thu gensa dokkik ngei lo. 34.A nunung galban sat. * A lawmte zahin a hat loh hangin lungkia loin sem teitei ahih manin hamphatna ngah veve. 35.Nu leh pa thumang a nah lawh pek. * Nu leh pa thumangte in thupha ngah, kampha. 36.Nupa kilungtuak khua khat in zo lo, khua khat kilungtuak khua kua in zo lo. * Ki lungtuak a ih kithubup leh kua mahin hong susia zo lo. 37.Numei-in ama nawt, sumkuang in a lii khuat. *Eima mailam nuntak nading, eimah ciatin ih hanciam kul. 38.Nahkia kawi-in nahkia mam suang. * Mi gina lo sung pan mi gina khat peuh piang thei. 39.Pa that tokhom guan. * Thu khualin hehna thukkik pah lo. 40.Pute leh lamsak kineh zo lo. * Ih pute ih simmawh nop hangin kizo ngei lo. 41.Sakhi a pi san a no san. * Ih nu ih pa mah kisun ciat. 42.Sakhi-in a tat nading kuam kua khual. * Mailam gamtat nading kiguangkhuak, kiginkholhna nei. 4.3. Sakhi that lo ngal tang tum.

48.Suangpi suangneu in thek. * Amah kia a, a lian a hau thei om lo. 49.Tang a si kawlin kah. * A beisa huna, nopna dahna a hong phawk kiksak na. (mehmuh). 50.Tu nai lo khe khuang, man nai lo tul sui. * A hih ding teng, zo masa phot lopi a, a man khinsa bang a omte. 51.Thupha in kongbiang kan lo, thusia in mual kua khum. * Thuhoih thupha kizel hak, thusia kizel baih. 52.Va-ak cingkam sakhau taw-ah kikuah lo.’ * A tawntunga kikem, kigalging gigete tungah thusia lung ngei lo hi.’ 53.Vai nunung guahsia in lap. * Sepna bawlna-ah a thadah a, a tuantualte haksatna khat peuh in lap. 54.Vaphual tangsa, va-ak tang. * A ginasa mi khat ama kikep zawh loh mana, a gina lo a suak kikte. 55.Zawlthu kalah sial thawl. * Zawlthu ah thu neuno khat peuh thu lian suak baih deuh. 56.Zawng nek ngau in thalpu. * Mi khat gamtat hoih lohna mi dang khat in thuak lawh. 57.Zawng in a ma kheng/khawn mu loin, a lawmte kheng ko. * Ama hoih lohna kimu loin a lawmte hoih lohna bekbek a koko te. 58. Zuau in a khap lawn. *Zuau thu ih gen leh kisul zuihin kithei kik veve.

163

Kampau Luanzia

Paunam Khenna Leh

164

LAKAM LEH A CIHNOP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 165

Anglai Angkawi, Kawinem Besam Banzal Baw-al Beng Ciin Cialdawh Ciandal Ciau Duang Duangkuai Honem Kiang Kankil Kankong Kawlciang Kulsin Khuangbangkho lakmai Luankhi Laizom Lia Lunmang Laikhun Lumsuang Lel Liangvai

- Ang - Zi (pasal in a zi a cihna) - Sam - Khut - Ak - Bil -U - Dolcial - Dak - Gun - Pumpi - Ngai a gim - Ngaihno - Pasal (zite in a pasalte a china) - sangkil - Kong - Thau - Hankhuk, khul - Kho, khawlsak - Maitang - Khitui - Sanggam - Numei, nungak - Hausa - Lupna - Suang - Gen - Genthei Paunam Khenna Leh

29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

Lawkta Maimit Maimit suan Maimit sing Momno Nunkhum Namza Neen Niang lun, nibang sa, Omlai Pheiphung Puvon Pisei Pahtang Pheiphung suan Pham, Khakia Phialva Phualva, phualngo Sawn Sianmang Saumang Sumtual Se-al Sunglawh Sen vangngaih Seinogual Siamsil Sang Sawmsial Sakamkei

Kampau Luanzia

- Tawlawk - Mit - En - Ihmu - Khango - Nawi - Zatep - Kiangah - Thupi nibang tang - Natna - Khe - Pu - Pi - Innka - Lampai - Si - Vasa - Vaphual - Tuu - Pasian - Inn - Inntual - Aksi - An - Neu tunga vangngaih - Khangual - Na - Sa peuhmah - Sial - Sahang 166

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

167

Simzawng Tun Tuai Tang Tuanglam Thelnah Tongdam Tangbang dam Tumbang vuai (guai) Von Vaimang Vui (Hui) Zua zinleng Zamluang Zaila Zaila sut

- Zawng - Nu - Nau -Pasal, tangval - Lampi - Laikhak - Kampau - Cidam - Teek - Ta - Kumpi - Sai - Pa - Dawi - Zam - La - La sut, la gen, lasa

Paunam Khenna Leh

MINLAWHNA 1. Ak a pate = A nute = 2. Ak apikim a tui nai lote = 3. Aktui a keuh thei lote = 4. Ankung tuh loh a = potawm mawkte 5. Bawng, sial a tal golte = 6. Bawng, sial, sakol a kipan = ganpi tanei nailo anute 7. Ganhing anu tanei thei lote = 8. Kapa’pa leh kanu’pa = 9. Kapanu leh kanu’nu = 10. ka zite innkuan = 11. Ka sanggam numei pasalte = 12. Ka zi sanggam numei = pasalte 13. Ka pa’ sanggam numeite = 14. Ka pa’ sanggamnu pasal = 15. Ka tate ta = 16. Lo pawi nadinga guahzu = masa pen 17. Numei ta nei thei lote = 18. Nitak a aksi gol pen = 19. Sai, zangsial, ngal a gol = a tangtatte 20. Ui a guahnote = 21. Vok nu ta nei nai lote = 22. Zawng apa a golte = Kampau Luanzia

A lui; (gam ak a pate kici) Api (anu) Akla Adah Alii A kul Ala A ciing Pu Pi Sungte Maak Gang Ni Gang Tuu Khuapi guah Tasel Nitaksol A khaat A mungdeng Vokkhial Akuh 168

23. Zusa a pa gol a tangtente 24. Zing tunga aksi gol pen

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

169

Aisa li Bi tel thum bi phuk nih Dak thum Kam La Lo Mawza nih Khedap nih Innsun nih Sing at nih Lengkai gan nih Vokno khat Suangthu thum Thu Thau Pat hual khat Vok gual guk Tangho tun khat Zabel khat

= =

Atol Zingsol

KAMEILEHBULH

KHATLAWHNA _ Kop khat _ Phuk khat _ Puak khat _ Bu khat _ Mal khat _ Dawng khat _ Cing khat _ Bu khat _ Bu khat _ Tuah khat _ Kap khat _ Kap khat _ Gual khat _ Thuk khat _ Gui khat _ Lawng khat _ Tot khat _ Tuk thum khat _ Phel khat _ Tang khat

Paunam Khenna Leh

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

Aitam Angvan Cingh Cinghkam Citak Ciingdawt Cimtak Ciamteh Ciin Duai Dim Dim Deihsak Dikzul Dangdal Genpal Gualheu Gualhuai Gamlum Giautau Gik Hau Hat Hiam Hing Hong Ham Haksa Hawmsem Hanciam

Kampau Luanzia

= Cilgil 62. Maingal 63. Mainawt = Pampaih 64. Manlang = Ciil 65. Mitciim = Khuaval 66. Mawh = Zulhzau 67. Nuam = Tukalh 68. Nui = Lawp, uuk 69. Neu = Mangngilh 70. No = Theu 71. Nawi = Ngot 72. Ngat = Hawm 73. Ngentel = Bua 74. Nuamsa = Haza 75. Nehno = Phengphi 76. Namtui = Buliah 77. Ngalhat = Nehno 78. Pil = Guallel 79. Pal = Tangtat 80. Paai = Gamdai = Niiang, tai 81.Pulak = Zang 82.Patau = Zawng 83.Pahtawi = Zawm 84.Pakta = Mawl 85.Phat = Si 86.Phalvak = Khak 85.Phat = Neel 86.Phalvak = Baih, Ol 87.Sak = Nebum 88.Sah = Zawnta/dualdap 89. Sau

=Maizum =Nungkin =Ziakai =Mitmawk =Dik =Dah =Kap =Lian = Gol = Hul =Thuang =Polhteh =Genthei =Genpal =Namsia =Zawngkhal =Hai =Gei =Tawm/tung =Lim =Ngaihmuang =Daisak =Mitdong =Gensia = =Gensia =Sanggammelmak = Nip = Pa =Tom 170

31. Kai = 32. Khauh = 33. Kawt = 34. Khang = 35. Khiim = 36. Khup = 37. Khawm 38. Khangma 39. Khawnkhong 40. Kunta 41. Kilang 42. Kilem 43. Kiliansak 44. Kikelki 45. Ki-uitui 46. Kihhuai 47. Ki-it 48. Ki-el 49. Kigak 50. Kivang 51. Lungdam 52. Lungduai 53. Lemtuah 54. Lomthaw 55. Liau 56. Lut 57. La 58. Leitawi 59. Mial 60. Meidawi 61. Maitai

Sawn Nem Keu Kiam Phawng Thal =Thehthang = Lol =Man nei =Lukhat

90.Sang 91.Sun 92.Siangtho 93.Suakta 94.Suahngal 95.Taang 96.Thak 97.Thau 98.Thuk 99.Tam 100.Tawldam =Kiliah 101.Thanuam =Kihua =Kiniamikhiat 102.Thuman 103.Thupha pia =Kithuhual =Uitui buaksuah 104.Tuahpha 105.Tangzang =Limci 106. Tanzau =Kimuhdah 107.Vah =Kilawmta 108.Vot =Kikol 109.Vang =Kizing 110.Vang =Heh 111.Vakthap =Lungtom 112.Zingsang =Helhhawt 113.Zo =Kicing 114.Zol =Nem 115.Zaang. =Pusuak 116.Zuak =Pia =Dinkik 117. Zual =Vak 118. Zai =Hangsan 119. Zap =Maigum 120. Zum 121. Ziat/tak

171

=Niam =Zan =Nin =Awk =Zahkai =Liap =Lui =Gawng =Dai =Tawm =Tawl, Gim =Thadah =Thuzuau =Hamsiat =Tuahsia =Tuantual =Kawcik =Kial =Sa =Ziing = Bing =Kibilhcip =Nitak =Lel =Tawng =Kham, ken =Lei =Lee = Geek =Ciip =Lan =Vei

Paunam Khenna Leh

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16. 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . 29 . 30 .

TEHPIH KAMMAL “BANG’ Ai mitdeh bang. Aisa longek a zol bang. Ak geh zawngkhal bang. Ak gul mu bang. Ak ihmu bang. Ak kiho bang. Ak ngeiden bang. Ak tangtawm bang. Ak taw phun bang. Akno tuikia bang. Akpi khuang bang. Baibek zingtho bang. Bak tawh kibang. Bak vat bang. Balteh tungah tui vung bang. Bui leikei bang. Buipi suangzawl tuak bang. Gitta bu khum bang . Holsa-a tui sun bang. Kawlgit suluk bang. Kel than sing bang. Khawphelep bang. Khe khat khai bang. Khuainun sial bawl bang. Khuttung lumleh bang Lamka lai-a ding bang. Mit a nin lak bang. Ngalkhuai lal bang. Pasan sialnek bang. Peng Lam cisel bang.

Kampau Luanzia

172

31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 . 54 .

173

Phim leh khan bang. Saisa bang. Sakhuai bang. Si leh hing kimu bang. Sialpi vaikuan bang. Singtung vatuang bang. Tangtel sihtan bang. Tangtu khu bang. Thang Ho pi bang. Thankik za-ekbah bang. The betkhiat bang. Theinah nuai bang. Tui leh nga bang. Tuisik sat bang. Ui ekpu bang. Ui leh kel bang. Ui meikang bang. Um-a bel-a buak bang. Umgui maigui zam bang. Vaphual mola bang. Vasi daingo kham bang. Vompi ha lungvei bang. Vompi tang kham bang. Vot sidawn bang.

A PAWL CINGSAK, A CIHNOPNA KITHEISAK, A BUNSAK

DIAK KAMMALTE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 27 . 28 . Paunam Khenna Leh

A phuhin/gin in. Belto leh khuaisawk. Ciahkuan bal-em. Ciamnuih galsuak. Dah Pa taptung kalh. Deihtel a val. Duh omna leh ngaih omna. Ek nusiat. Gitta tuktun. Gulhik cilgeh. Hosum sih. Kawkmun baang. Kellu phum kidawk. Khanin gual nei. Khuaikhau khun. Khutliim sung. Khuttung kituh. A Kidaksak. Kigulluk. Kikausiphum. Kisakhibeh. Kituisabuah. Kivaluk-thalko. Kop leh kai thuah. Mangkawm bang. Meikuang paisuak. Minzang a sial kai. Naupang melmawl.

Kampau Luanzia

174

29 . 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 . 35 . 36 . 37 . 38 . 39 . 40 . 41 . 42 . 43 . 44 . 45 . 46 . 47 . 48 . 49 . 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 . 54 . 55 .

175

Naupang muksi. Nautual kaihna. Nawi lunghan. Nek loh buanlawh. Nupi gal gen. Nupi nik cingdawt. Patau kangmei. Sahang pu neih. Sakhi tui nekin pan leng. Samkhau phel liangin. Sa-ngak butom. Sanggam melmak. Sialdop si. Simtulung. Tagah nawi muh. Tapkual han. Thang Ho leh Lian Do in mimtang-taangtang phelhawm. Thucin thutang. Thumei zom. Thutangpek. Uipi leh saguh bawk. Vanpam khualna. Vansam gui bang?, mong nei lo. Zawhngeu ekphum. Zawhngeu taneih. Zawng lohon. Zawng meima neih.

Paunam Khenna Leh

KAMMALTE

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. l 1. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

Aam. Aituam. Angtang. Ai-awm. Awmtawm. Awnghawh. Awi-am. Aihakaih. Aminpu. Awk. A zawng a mang. Ankhing tuibuk. Atel aziak. Atel akhawk. Baibawm. Bawmta. Bengseek. Belcing. Belto. Belbawm. Buanthak. Bumbua/ gua Bongsong: Bilh. Buluh. Buluah. Bungbu nawmsawm. Bilkha. Beh leh phung.

Kampau Luanzia

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

Cimphawng. Cimthawi. Cimci. Cimtak. Ciangtan. Cimsel. Daupai. Daang. Daipam. Duhgawl. Duhhop. Donghu. Diathah. Duh-am. Dongtuak. Dualdap. Deep. Din. Diktansakna. Daimawksuak. Eeng. Engpau. El. Ensan. Gingta. Gawlvak Guitam. Guangkhuak. Gimneih. 176

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 177

Ginnei. Gongkhup. Gumgawtang. Gaigong. Gilgap. Giah. Golhguk. Gualgulh. Go. Gogam. Gatang kai. Genhak. Galguk. Gamluah. Gawh leh lup. Huai. Handal. Hansaktan. Hawmsuak. Holhthawh. Huihut. Hil. Huzap. Huaiham. Henta kolpu. Hiamgam. Huathuai. Hong. Hau. Hawhna ciahna.

89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118.

Huihsia guahsia. Haihut. Innlusi. Innbul. Li Iplah. Ihsip. Inn leh lo. Innvai lo vai. Kol-awk. Khahual. Khawk. Kuhkal. Khawzing. Khawvak. Kumsiik. Kam-nam. Khua-nawng. Kaubeltung. Khak-nam. Khangmawlong. Kuantawh. Kaisuah. Kho. Khekleh. Kikmei. Kaingawi. Khatem. Khokham. Khinkhai. Paunam Khenna Leh

119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148.

Khakham. Kimhel. Kulluh. Koltang. Kumzawn. Kiak. Kiallap. Khamkhai. Kaikhit. Kihumzut. Kikhuangkhoh. Kikhahuat. Kimuipei. Kipingpavei. Kileeitawi. Kitukalh. Kimeilet. Kikhawpha. Kitalsik. Kibelbut. Kizangdawh. Kizanglak. Kisiansuah. Kikingkalh. Kigulluk. Kidaksak. Kihuau. Kiciam. Kisek. Kidin.

Kampau Luanzia

149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175.

Kisikim. Khangkhan. Khual leh tual. Khua leh tui. Khualzin gamvak. Kuang leh keu. Lamen. Lengla. Lawhcing. Lunggulh Lawi. Linglawng. Leek. Lipkhap. Leihbelh. Lalthang. Laklawh. Linhah. Leikiat. Lawk. Lemlawh. Lel. Lok. Lapkai. Lehhek. Mengme. Maktangzang.

176. Mangtaluang. 177. Muak. 178. Mitkai. 178

179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 179

Maivil. Mazang. Matzet. Mualsuah. Meigong. Melmuh. Muangmawh. Mawhlawhtawi. Minsial. Milip. Mimzang. Mual. Mau. Ngaihngil. Naupang muksi. Naihuai. Naainiak. Nelhsiah. Ngik. Ngoltol. Ngillah. Nunvom. Ngawhngat. Ngongtat. Nawkik. Nikten puansilh. Otkhai. Ok. Po-nawn. Phonglo.

209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238.

Pansi. Pantah. Palai. Pazang. Phula. Phunciak. Paulap. Paupeng. Pengnawng. Pawngnawng. Pal-am. Pikim. Phawhlawh. Pheklek. Phincil. Phuhin. Phut. Pampaih. Pangpa. Phual. Phin. Peng. Pi leh pu. Songsawlawi. Songbong. Suainawng Siansuah Siattut Siatvat, siatveh Siamzol Paunam Khenna Leh

239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. 267. 268.

Sutuah Suun Sitbang Simtham Siik Sik Sanghsia Sangsik Siksan Sialdopsi Selphut Sel Sagum Saphek Sa-ik Sawhkhol Suul Sung leh pu Sum leh pai Tagah Thoknawn Tasel Taseel Taktai Taksang Tanggawl Thanghuai Thamai Thu cilgil Thu kawnghek

Kampau Luanzia

269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299.

Thuhual Thoth Tetop Tutkho Tualbial Tuailuai Tokai Teitang Tangciak Tangkhat Teem Tengta Tomlo Tamlo Tolten Tolh Tawkawdok Tuktum Tokhom Tual Tavai Thel-eu Tutna khawlna Theinuai hainuai Uisan Uun Uang Uap Uaikai U sung nau sung Uk 180

300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 181

Upa hausa Um leh bel Vialvak Vangsa Vumkhawl Veet/khawval Vuul/Guul Vul/hul Vom Vingvial/vialving Vaitham Veng Vam Zualzang Zawhthawh Zungkawk Zahpih Zahhuai Zenei Zulhzau Zongsang Zatzang Zabo Zukhamsul Ziak Zeek Zahla Zangleu Zek’ Zu leh sa Zuul Zaam

332. 333. 334. 335. 336.

Zau Zap Ziik Zunglut Zakta/ maizum

Paunam Khenna Leh

KAMMAL ZATTE Hih laibu sunga kizang kammal pawlkhatte a kitel zawk nadingin Mikanglai tawh lakkhawmin, anuai ah ih gual hi. Paunam khenna ................. grammar Kampau luanzia ................. composition A sempa ................. subject A thu ................. predicate A min ................. noun Mintaang ................. pronoun Neihkhawm min ................. common name Neihtuam min, aituam min ................. proper noun Lawnmawh min ................. abstract noun Honlawhna min ................. collective noun Awmal ................. syllabus Awsuah ................. pronunciation Kam guicing ................. sentence Kammal ................. word Laigelhzia ................. orthography Laimal ................. letter Laimal gawmzia ................. spelling Laimalgol ................. capital Mikanglai ................. english Gamtatna (sepna) ................. verb Gamtatnazem sepzia ................. adverb Gamtatna huh ................. helping verb A thuak om sepna ................. transitive verb A thuak omlo sepna ................. intransitive verb A cinglo sepna ................. incomplete verb Sepzia lak ................. adverbs of manner Sepzia hun ................. adverbs of time Sepzia mun ................. adverbs of place Sepzia tehna ................. adverbs of degree Kampau Luanzia

182

Pianzia Phacia lak pianzia Phazah lak pianzia Malzah lak pianzia Lahkhiatna lak pianzia Dotna lak pianzia Neihna lak pianzia Telkheh kammalte Telkheh neilo kammal Telkheh nei kammal Mimal Telgenna Kicinsakna Genbehna Phacia Phazah Malzah Lahkhiatna Dotna Neihna Tungtukik Munlahna Kammal zopna Lamdang sakna Tehkak Mathuap Nungthuap Gamtatma Gamtatsa Hun lahkhiatna Tang Lia Lailepna 183

................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

adjective adjective of quality adjective of quantity adjective of number demonstrative adjective interrogative adjective possession adjective articles indefinite article definite article personal definition complement farther explanation quality quantity number demonstrative interrogative possessive reflexive preposition conjunction interjection comparison prefix suffix future past the tense he she punctuation Paunam Khenna Leh

Husanna Ngaklang Ngakna Tawpna Dotna Phawnna Kual, umtuam Kamhonna, kamkhakna Neihsa lak, tanglak Thekna Git-phei Git-awn A dangte (adt.) Gentehna (gtn.) Tua in (tn.) Tang Tangte Ciaptehding Ahihkeh

Kampau Luanzia

................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. ................. .................

, comma ; semi-colon : colon . fullstop, period ? question mark ! exclamation mark ( ) bracket, parentheses “.......” quotation mark ‘ apostrophe - hyphen _ dash / slash etc. e.g. (exempli gratia) i.e. id est. that is t. verse tt. verses ctd. note ahk. or

184