yka_Languages_of_the_southern_gateway-_A_phrase_book_of_Chavacano_Sinama_Tausug_Yakan_and_including_English_and_Pilipino_1987.pdf

Languages of the Southern Gateway

A Phrase Book of CHAVACANO SINAMA TAUSUG YAKAN and including ENGLISH and PILIPINO

A Joint Project of the Ministry of Education and Culture and The Summer Institute of Linguietics

Additional copies of this publication are available from

BoDep

Box 2270 Manila 2801

Copyright

1979

by The Summer Institute of Linguistics All rights reserved

ISBN 971-18-0061-6 Printed in the Philippines by SIL P r e s s

PAIJNANG

SAL. I TA

Bahagi ng n t i n g ).anan a112 pagkakaroo~i ng i b a ' t ibang wika a t k u l t u r a s a atj.ng bansa. I b a ' t ibang wika ang s i n a s a l i t a ng i b a ' t i b a n g pangkat na n a n i n i r d i a n s a a r i n g kapuluan. I k i n a r a r a n g a l n a t i n y pangalapaan ang ; ~ g mga p;r.gi:at ,lo ?.to mayamaIkg palanar.2 ri;ligknli.i~anga~, upang palaganapin ang pagkakai.sa a t ang pagmamalaki s a pambanssng pagkakakilanlan. Ang a k l a t n a i t o n a n a s u s u l a t .sa i s a s a mga katutubong wika s a P i l i p i n a s ay naglalayong p a u n l a r i n ang kasanayan s a pagbasa a t pagkaunawa, dagdagan ang kaalanan, p a t i n d i h i n ang pagmamalaki s a unar:; wika, ~t iiianda ang estudyante s a pagtanggap s a pambansang wika. Sa gani tong l a p i t , mawiwil i n g magbasa a n g i s a n g batang bag0 pa lamang n a t u t u t o n g magbasa, a t nagkakaroon s i y a ng t i w a l a s a s a r i l i . Dahil d i t o ' y nasisiyahan siyang magpatuloy ng pag-aaral upang maging bahagi ng pagpapaunlad ng bansa. I k i n a r a r a n g a l ng Kagawaran ng Edukasyon, K u l t u r a at I s p s r t s n a ' i p a k i l a l a ang a k l a t n a i t o bilang p i n a k a h u l i s a isang s e r y e ng mga a k l a t na naglalayong Sa palaganapin ang p a g k a t u t o n g bumasa a t sumulat . pamamagitan ng pagpapalakas s a mga pangkat linggwi s t i k o , p i n a l a l a k a s d i n n a t i ? acg bansa.

1,OURDES R. QUISUWBING Kalihim

CONTENTS

Section I: Language and Culture Cultural and Historical Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Practical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pronunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 .Use of this Phrase Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Section 11: General Information Phrases Greetings and Leave Takings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Compliments and Courtesy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Useful Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Section 111: Personal Information Phrases About a Person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . About Your Place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Medical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Body Parts (list) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Personal Relationships (list) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Direct Address (list) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Section IV: Activity Phrases Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Eating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Foods (list) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Buying Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Section V: Travel Phrases Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Local Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Section VI: Measurement Phrases Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Money and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Introduction to Vocabulary Vocabulary

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

....................................

86

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Suggested Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Pilipino-English Word List

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING Nomadic fishermen have been filling their water jars at Zamboanga for untold centuries. They call the place Sambuangan, which means 'where mooring stakes are driven'. The name captures the city's early history as well as its present reality, for it has become a pleasant 'mooring place' for people fmm diverse homelands and speaking many languages and dialects. The languages featured i n this booklet reflect some of Zamboanga's variety. Pilipino is the National Language of the Philippines, taught in all schools, the first language of rnil'lions in Luzon, and a second language for a rapidly growing number of Filipinos. Chavacano is the language of the Zamboanguefios who comprise much of the Christian population of !he city and surrounding farmlands. It is also the language people learn when they come from other districts to settle here, in accordance with a language habit characteristic of the Philippines. The other three languages presented here are (in alphabetical order): Sinama, Tausug and Yakan, languages spoken by Muslim peoples. Sinama, a language with distinctive regional variations, is spoken by Sarna (or Sama!) people whose homeland extends from the shores of North Borneo through the Sulu Archipelago and up into the Zamboanga Peninsula. Tausug is the language of the Tausug people whose .major population centers are on Jolo Island and Southern Palawan, but whose enterprise takes them everywhere in Sulu, to Sabah, and to the Zamboanga area. Yakan is the language of the Yakan people of Basilan.

Justice cannot be done in this brief publication to the rich variety of custom, art and tradition represented by these four languages of the Philippine Republic's 'southern gateway'. What follows is only a sketch; interested readers should buy and read the more extensive works available. The first section below deals with Chavacano and its unique origins. The second deals with the three Muslim cultures, each of which is unique but shares with the other two the common heritage of Islam.

I. CHAVACANO When two or more very different languages are thrown together by some accident of history, a new language may be spontaneously created in response to the human need to communicate; sometimes this 'pidgin' language takes root as the language of a people. Chavacano is such a language, a creole, a fascinating blend of Spanish, Philippine dialects and English, with a mysterious hint of Portuguese in the background. When the Spanish rebuilt Fort Pilar-you can still see the old fort standing in good condition on the waterfront east of the city center-they garrisoned it with soldiers of diverse origins: Spaniards, Filipinos, Mexicans, Moluccans and the sons of Spanish soldiers and local wives. Zamboanga was a garrison town and the Spanish influence has persisted here as long and pervasively as in any place in the Philippines. There are still vivid reflections of Spain in Zamboangueao faces, in music, customs and folklore; and of course the large contribution of Spanish to the Chavacano language. 11. SINAMA, TAUSUG AND YAKAN

The Muslim people of the Philippines have played an important part, too often overlooked, in the development of the nation, from the time in the 1570's when Rajah Sulayman

died defending Manila against the Spanish until the present. Fiercely independent, they have always resisted occupation of their lands in order to maintain a community where it was possible to worship God and carry out the requirements of His law. Although the way of life of these Muslim peoples, influenced in every aspect by the teachings of the Qur'an, has many distinctive and colorful features, it is nevertheless typically Filipino. The Muslim peoples are second to none in their display of the cardinal Philippine virtues of hospitality to the stranger of goodwill, love for family, pride of name and race, sense of personal dignity, and devotion to God. Islam was established early in the Philippines, probably during the early 14th century on the island of Simunul, Tawitawi, according to local history. By the time the Spanish arrived in these islands in the 16th century there were Muslim communities as far north as. Luzon, although the Faith was most firmly established in Sulu and Western Mindanao. Other Muslim groups than the ones dealt with here are the Maranao, Iranun and Magindanao of mainland Mindanao, the Sangil of Sarangani Island, the Jama Mapun of Cagayan de Tawi-tawi, and Molbog of Balabac Island. In the early 16th century a Tausug state developed in Sulu with the sultan at its head as God's representative on earth. He ruled over a number of regional datus or chiefs, with headmen under them at the village level, and considered all the inhabitants of Sulu to be his subjects or possesions. However, apart from paying some tribute and providing services, the Sama and Yakan peoples were not directly incorporated into the stratified structure of the sultanate. In contrast with Tausug society, Yakan and the whole range of Sama societies remained quite egalitarian, generally without datus and with little organization above the local level.

3

There is considerable variety among Sama groups. The Baangingi' of Northern Sulu once plied their trade of piracy over the entire area between Sumatra and Luzon, defying the various colonial authorities and eventually incurring a series of punitive raids by the Spanish in the mid-19th century. Many communities throughout the archipelago today farm as well as fish. By contrast, the Sama Sibuku of the Zamboanga Peninsula are an inland people, farming in the valleys and forest clearings. Rather different culturally, but still speaking a closely related dialect, are the nomadic and semi-nomadic Badjaw or Sama Pala'u, slow to embrace Islam and avoiding permanent ties to the land. They are the survivors of an ancient Southeast Asian life-style, and some of them can often be seen cooking aboard their small outrigger canoes in the Zamboanga harbor area. Upland farmers and skillful weavers, the Yakan of Basilan speak a language distinct from Sinama but related to it. Their culture and native dress are also unique. A few Yakan communities are found on the Zamboanga Peninsula and offshore islands.

CRAFTS The craftsmanship of each of these three peoples is outstanding. Some Sama build up ocean-going canoes from dugout hulls, using the simplest of tools, and without the help of metal nails or glue. Others build the larger boats known as kumpits, usually diesel-powered these days, from handsawn planks. Fine wood-carving is a specialty of Tawi-tawi Sarna. Each community throughout the area has its unique mat-weaving designs. These mats, usually woven from pandanus leaves, are beautiful in design and finish; the more complex ones may take a woman a month of hard work to complete.

Tausugs are widely known for their blacksmithing skills. They forge fine blades from scrap iron, tempering them to perfection using piston forges of an ancient southeast Asian design. The handles of fighting weapons are a work of art, carved out of rare wood, sometimes bound with braided silver wire or inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Even working knives' are finely designed and perfectly balanced. The choicest Tausug weaving is the pis, a large square of cloth woven in traditional patterns and colors, worn as a headcloth or draped across one shoulder. Yakans have developed the art of backstrap weaving to a high degree, using a difficult technique of inserting threads to form a raised pattern; One of their finest designs is displayed on the cover of this booklet. It is a functional art, of course, as art must be for people whose major concern is with producing sufficient food for each day. In recent years the sale of weaving to outsiders has become an important source of income. For all their variety, these three Muslim peoples have a great deal in common, and in the remainder of this section they will be treated as one. Some information and suggestions are offered which may help the visitor to minimize misunderstandings, make friends quickly, and to enjoy as fully as possible the warmhearted company of these southern Filipinos.

RELIGION Islam is an Arabic word meaning total submission to the will of God, and a Muslim is one who is submitted to God's will, faithfully following the tenets of Islam. His main duties to God are often referred to as 'The Five Pillars' the first of

which is the confession of faith, uttered sincerely: 'I bear witness that there is no god but God, and that Muhammad is the Prophet of God'. The second pillar is the duty to pray to God, facing Mecca, five times daily. Linked closely with it is the third pillar, the responsibility to give the alms-tax. Religion for the Muslim consists of a right attitude to both Cod and man. Thus it is written in the second Sura of the Qur'an (verses 171-173): True piety is this: to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the Prophets, to give of one's substance, however cherished. to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the travellers, the beggars, and to ransom the slave, to perform the prayer, to pay the alms. The fourth pillar is the annual fast during the month of Ramadan, whi!e the fifth is the pilgrimage to Mecca by all who can afford it and arc in good health.

HOLY PLACES AND EVENTS The focal center for Islamic history is Mecca, the birthplace of the Prophet, the scene of his early trials, and the destination of the hajj or pilgrimage. Medina is another important city for Muslims. 111 622 AD Muhammad and his companions undertook the Hijrah. the emigration from Mecca to Medina, an event which provides the starting point for the Muslim calendar. Non-Muslims are not allowed in either of these cities. At the other end of the scale is the local mosque, built facing Mecca, where the men of the community gather daily for

prayer. Not everyone observes the five daily prayer times, but all try to gather at noon on Friday, the Muslim holy day. Prayer is offered in Arabic, but not necessarily in a mosque. It begins with a statement of intention, after which the worshipper washes the various parts of the body in prescribed fashion, using pure water (or sand, if water is not available). Each phase of the prayer is carried out with the appropriate body positions. Visitors are usually welcome in a Philippine mosque, but they should ask permission before entering, and then remove their footwear. Muslims respect Christian places of worship, and appreciate similar respect for their mosques and chapels. The months of the Islamic year are now listed, with an indication of the major events celebrated by Muslims in the Philippines. These events display a blending of custom (adat) and the observances required by Islamic law (shari'a). Since the Islamic calendar is .a lunar one the events listed occur a h u t nine days earlier each year of t h e rWestern calendar, thus making it difficult to give equivalent dates. For each month the first name given is the Arabic one; other names are local alternatives. I st month: Muharram 2nd month: Sappal. In this month Sulu Muslims participate in ritual bathing to cleanse moral and spiritual afflictions. This ceremony is called the tulak bala', the 'driving away of disaster'. 3rd month: Rabiyul Awal (Bulan Mawlud). The birthday of the Prophet is celebrated; the stories of his life recounted. 4th month: Rabiyul Ahil 5th month: Jumadir Awal

6th month: Jumadir Ahil 7th month: Radjab. The ascension of Muhammad into heaven (the Miraj) is celebrated. 8th month:Sa1ban (Bulan Taiti'). Also called Nispu, this is the month for remembrance of the dead, during which the graves are tended, sprinkled with water, and adorned with incense and the flowers of the coconut palm. Families try to be together for this important occasion, some travelling long distances to do so. 9th month: Ramadan (Bulan Puwasa). This is the month of fasting. perhaps the most important season of the year. Observance of the fast is obligatory, though some are granted special modifications because of physical condition or the responsibilities of a job. For twenty-nine or thirty days betweer, sunrise and sunset Muslims must abstain from eating, drinking, smoking, swall~wing their saliva, playing games of chance, and sexual reiations. Between sunset and sunrise there is feasting aqd rnerrvmaking. Devout Muslims find spiritual help from observing the tast, but non-Maslims should remernher that it can be a timt of hard discipline and strain. The fast of Ramadan ends with a period of great rejoicing called Harirayc or Hailoya Puwasa (Arabic 'id a1 Fitr). 10th month: Sawwal 11th month: Julka'idda 12th month:Julhadji (Bulan Hadji'). In this month the pilgrims make their pilgrimage to Mecca. Because of the distance of the Philippines from Saudi Arabia and the different modes of travel, a long

time can elapse between farewelling the pilgrims and welcoming them home.

DIETARY RESTRICTIONS Muslims eat much the same things as other Filipinos, with !he exception of foods which are forbidden (haram), that is pork, blood, things which have died a natural death, and things consecrated in the name of any other than Allah. Also avoided by most Muslims are the flesh of turtles, eels, snakes and the flesh of many birds. Chickens, goats and cattle are killed in accordance with Muslim ritual. You will find a rich variety of dishes if you have the good fortune to attend a Muslim feast; fish fried, boiled or roasted, curried kid, rice cnoked plain or with turmeric (a delicately flavored spice which gives it a golden color?, many kinds of cakes made of various kinds of meal. It is good manners to eat heartily but you don't have to try everything that is offered. Remember to use only your right hand for touching food. (The left hand is kept for handling things which should not come in contact with the mouth). You will always be supplied with a glass of water, which you may use to rinse your fingers before and after eating.

RANK AND TITLE Muslims recognize the equality of all men before God, but acknowledge the fact that some people are given wealth and rank. Some important classes of people in Muslim society are salip, datu' hadji', imam and panglima. A salip (Arabic sharifl counts his descent from the Prophet Muhammad; a dam' is usually descended from a sultan; a hadji' is a person who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca, recognizable by a white turban or cap; an imam is one who leads worship in a

local mosque, and a panglima is a local civil official originally appointed by a representative of the sultan. Until you know someone well it is better to use a title and avoid direct use of his name. For example, you should address a man who is a hadji' as Tuwan Hadji'; an imam as Tuwan Imam; a datu' (if you should happen to meet one) as Datu'. Most of the time, of course, you will not know whether the person has a title or not, so just remember that it is polite to address older people as Bapa' or Pa' (uncle), or Babu' (aunt), and that a man may address a man of his own age as Tuwan. But do not wony too much, nobody is going to be annoyed because you make a innocent mistake.

BEHAVIOR TOWARDS WOMEN The Qur'an proclaimed changes in the treatment and rights of women which were revolutionary in 7th century Arabia. Today in the Philippines women. occupy a high place in Muslim society, honored and treasured. Their virtue is jealously guarded by male relatives. Although young people today are permitted a certain amount of choice in the selection of a wife or husband, a marriage is still negotiated by the elders and confirmed by gifts from the young man's family. Strict rules govern behavior between the sexes, with a complex system of fines governing offenses against marriageable girls in particular. These offenses range from merely brushing a girl with the back of your hand, to more serious viola;ions, so male visitors should carefully avoid even casual physical contact with a Muslim girl, and only engage her in conversation when there are other members of her household present. When in doubt, your own rules of courtesy towards women will serve you well.

GREETINGS AND L'EAvE-TAKINGS There is a section on polite forms further on in this book. You will na!ice that the most common greeting is to ask a person where he is going to or coming from. This is not just idle curiosity; it is a way of acknowledging the existence and worth of another person. You don't need to give a detailed answer to such greetings, but be sure to make some response, even if it is just to point with your lips in the direction you are heading. The important thing, whether you are walking along or visiting someone in his home, is to spy something, in your mother tongue or English if you like. Ask questions, pay compliments, express your appreciation. If you do not speak at all you may give the impression that you are proud or unfriendly. And always, when you leave, tell the other person that you are going home or proceeding on your way. Finally, you may like to learn (even though you may never have occasion to use it) the traditional Arabic greeting and response. It is really appropriate only between fellow Muslims, but as a mark of special courtesy it is often extended to non-Muslims on formal occasipns: Assalamu aleikum. 'Peace be unto you.' Aleikum mussalarn. 'Unto you be peace.'

Gmteful acknowledgement is made of the inwluabk advice given by Mr. Amilusin A. Jumaani. Board Secretary of the Southwestern Mindanao Muslim Religious Board, Inc.. during the preparation of the foregoing material.

SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS I. PRONUNCIATION These notes deal only with the main features of the pronunciation of the five Philippine languages. The best way to supplement them is to practice with the help of a native speaker. You will have no difficulty in finding someone who will enjoy teaching you. A. Things in common 1. Vowels

The five vowels a, e, i, o and u are similar to the Spanish vowels, and are pronounced much the same in all the languages in which they occur. They are not difficult to pronounce correctly, but English speakers must be careful to give the vowels their full value, and speakers of Tagalog or Cebuano should carefully keep the distinction between e and i, and between o and u, in all positions. .Long Vowels Sinama, Tausug and Yakan have a clear distinction between short and long vowels. The long vowels, marked by a bar over the vowel, should be given twice the length of a single vowel. ya he^ are really double vowels, written with a single letter to avoid confusion.) Practise the contrast between these Sinama words: ata, 'slave' and a t i 'far away'; buku 'knot' and b5ku 'my (body) hair'; pagung 'floating vegetation' and pagiing 'to float'. 2. Consonants As you will find when you read the language-by-language description below, there is some variety in the way certain consonants are written. However, they are all pronounced very similarly in the

five languages regardless of the spelling system used. And more to the point, few of the consonants are painfully different from English. One consonant, the glottal stop. may give trouble. Glottal stop For non-Filipinos the hardest thing about the glottal stop is remembering to use it. The problem is aggravated- by the variety of spelling systems used -Pilipin0 for example has three ways of writing it. The sound is easy enough to pronounce - just a brief closure of the muscles of the throat - the sound that Americans make in the middle of the word uh-uh when it means 'no'. Double consonants A characteristic of Sinama, Tausug and Yakan is the occurrence of double consonants. These should be pronounced with double length, but without any breaks between the two consonants. Practise these words, which occur in all three languages: gaddung 'the color .green1; kappal 'ship'; assang 'pigeon'. Then practise abu 'ashes' and abbu 'boastfulness'; kakal 'to hit with a stick' and kakkal 'everlasting'.

B. Individual languages 1. Pili ino The glottal stop in Pilipino is marked in three ways using well-established conventions):

-f

(1) after a consonant: by a hyphen, as in mag-aral 'to study'. (2) after a final vowel: by a grave accent over the vowel, as in bald 'threat'; cf. bala 'bullet'. (3) between two adjacent vowels: by omitting any symbol. This means that whenever you see two vowels together in

Pilipino you should automatically insert a glottal stop. emem ember that this is different from the rules for the other languages, where adjacent vowels are pronounced smoothly.) Note the Pilipino words bao 'coconut shell', pronounced as ba'o; daan 'road', pronounced as da'an. Stress in Pilipino occurs on the next to last syllable unless it is marked by an acute accent on the last syllable Compare dala 'fishing-net' and dald 'a load'; kabig 'to pull towards one' and kablg 'to gallop'. A vowel is sometimes conventionally omitted in Pilipino phrases. This contraction is indicated by an apostrophe. E.g. bawd at becomes bawa't 'each'. 2. Chavacano Chavacano has a very interesting system of spelling which reflects the diverse sources from which the language is built. The five vowels, not surprisingly, are like the five vowels of Spanish. Here are the rules for the consonants:

(1) b,d

(2)

g

(3) f,v '

(4)

h

These letters are pronounced as written except at the end of a word, when (usually) b becomes p and d becomes t. g is pronounced as h before e or i. It is pronounced as g everywhere else except at the end of a word, when it usually becomes k. The sequences gue and gui are pronounced as ge and gi respectively. These letters are retained from Spanish but are pronounced as p and b respectively. h has the usual pronunciation of h except when it is the first letter in a word of Spanish origin,

in which case the h is not pronounced. (5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9) (10) (11) (12)

j

j only occurs in words of Spanish origin and is

pronounced as h. k,qu Both k and qu are pronounced as k. Note that Chavacano qu never has the kw sound of the qu in English quick. c The letter c follows the rules of Spanish: pronounced as s before e and i, and as k everywhere else. 11 Double I1 is pronounced as ly; e.g. llama 'to call' is pronounced as lyama, still a word of two syllables. rr is pronounced as hr, being careful to sound rr the h. ?i is pronounced as ny. ii z is pronounced as s. z glottal stop the glottal stop is written two ways: a) after a final vowel it is indicated by a grave accent over the vowel (like Pilipino), as in tikh 'crooked'; b) everywhere else it is indicated by a hyphen, as in da-an 'old, worn-out'.

Stress is not marked in Chavacano, but in some words a difference in stress distinguishes nouns from verbs. A verb in such cases is stressed on the last syllable; a noun is stressed on the next to last syllable. E.g. pregfinta 'to ask a question'; pregun t6 'a question'. Contractions in Chavacano (usually due to loss of a vowel) are indicated by an apostrophe. E.g. este may be written as 'ste 'this'. 3. Sinama Siasi Siama, the dialect used here because of its central location and wide intelligibility, has a sixth vowel in

addition to the five already described. This vowel is a sort neutral vowel like the e in Ilocano deppa 'fathom' or the a in English salute. It occurs only between consonants, and is marked by an apostrophe. Practice the following (and don't forget to give the double consonants their full value): b'ttong 'stomach'; d'nda 'woman'; d'ppa 'fathom'; l'lla 'man'. If you really have trouble pronouncing this vowel you can get along very well pronouncing it the same as the vowel of the following syllable, which is exactly what speakers of northern dialects of Sinama do in most words of this sort. E.g. b'ttong becomes bottong 'stomach'; t'llu becomes tullu 'three'. The glottal stop in Sinama is always written as an apostrophe, as in a'a 'person'; kello' 'crooked'; magka'at 'wrecked, ruined'; ta'u 'to know'; tau' 'to keep'. (YOUmay notice that the apostrophe marks two very different sounds in Sinama, the sixth vowel and the g!ottal stop. In practice there is no confusion because the sixth vowel only comes between two consonants, and the glottal stop only comes next to a vowel.) A number of words in Sinama begin with a double consonant. Just pronounce these by prolonging the first letter a little, almost as if you were humming it, and then pronounce the word in the usual way, e.g, llaw 'day'; mbal 'no'; mma' father'. Stress in Sinama falls on the last syllable only when it has a long vowel; it falls on the next to last syllable in all other words. 4. Tausug Tausug has only the three vowels a, i and u, each'

having short and lengthened forms. The glottal stop is written with an apostrophe, and such contrasts as the following

should be noted: ba'gu 'new' and bagu' 'enlarged spleen'; haun 'to take something off another thing' and ha'unu 'where'; magaddung 'to be a darker shade of green' and mag'addun 'to mix dough'. Stress is not entirely predictable; the best guide is to give even stress to all syllables. In order to show the underlying similarities between Sinama, Tausug and Yakan, some slight changes have been made to the approved Tausug spelling. This approved spelling is used in the dictionary by Hassan and others, listed in the suggested readings at the back of this book. 5. Yakan Yakan has the five basic vowels, each of which has long and short forms. The glottal stop is always written with an apostrophe, and stress is as described for Sinama; i.e. stress falls on the last syllable only when it has a long vowel, and falls on the next to last syllable in all other words.

XI. PRONOUNS The information on this page is intended mainly for people who already know a Philippine language and only need a table of equivalents. However, it will also be useful for those of you who want to expand the possibilities of the phrases you have learned by substituting one pronoun for another. For example, if you have the Sinama sentence: Tabangun aku 'Help me' it may be handy if you can adapt it to another situation by substituting the plural pronoun; e.g. Tabangun kami 'Help us'. You will notice some complications with the pronoun 'we'. Philippine languages distinguish between exclusive and

inclusive uses of this pronoun. Exclusive means that the speaker is excluding the people he is addressing. Inclusive means that the speaker is including his hearers in what he is saying. Sinama, Tausug and Yakan make a further distinction between dual and plural 'we inclusive'. When in doubt use the dual form.

*

they

YOU

(PI.)

we (incl. pl.)

we (incl. dual)

sila

kayb

tayo

sila

camo/ustedes

kewlka'u iy e

kai (kami) kite

kawlikaw siya kami kita

sigaleigam

sila

siye

ka'am

kite bi

kulaku

Yakan

aku

Tausug

kitamhitab1 kitaniyu kamlka'am kamu

kita

kami

came

we(exclusive) kami kita

iya

ele

helshelit

siyd .

kaka'a

I tu/este/bos

T

Sinama

you (singular) ka/ikaw

akb

Chavacano aku

r

Pilipino YO

English

SET I

PRONOUNS

2

English

Pillpins

Chavacano Sinarnra

SET 11 Tausug

Yakan

A. Chavacano The pronouns of Chavacano function very much like those of English. Set I pronouns occur as Subject (Actor in this case) of a verb or adjective. Set I1 pronouns occur as possessor of a noun, and may precede or follow the noun, as in di mio casa, casa di mio 'my house'. Set I11 pronouns occur as the direct or indirect object of a verb; it is the set which occurs with prepositions. Note that the 2nd person pronouns ('you' singular or plural) have two or three forms. The first is a neutral pronoun, the second a respectful form, the third a familiar or condescending form which you are unlikely to use. B. Pilipino, Sinema, Tausug and Yakan Pronouns in these four languages have four main functions: 1. Subject Set I marks the subject of sentence. Subject here is a little different from subject in English grammar; it means the component of the sentence on which the main attention i s focused. Instead of being limited to Actor (as in English active sentences) or Object (as in English passive sentences), attention in these Philippine languages may be focused on such other components as Beneficiary. Instrument and Location. These Sinama examples (with the subject underlined) show the kinds of components on which attention may be focussed. Angali & lowang. Kalihun . lowang. Kalihanku iya lowang.

-IDigama digging hole

a hole.

I am digging a hole

b.

for

-

Ndiya pala pangaliku lowang.

' T

bai pangalihan lowang.

Hand me the shovel to dig a hole with. The ground w.here the hole was dug.

The change in focus of attention corresponds to a change in the way the verb root is affixed. This predictable relationship is the basis for much of what is unique in the grammar of these Philippine languages. It is also a rather complicated subject and beyond the scope of a phrase book. There is one further detail about Set I pronouns. The forms following the slash in the 2nd person pronouns occur as independent or emphasized pronouns. The Yakan examples below show how these uses contrast. Ngosoq kew pamanganan? Ka'u ko' ngoso' pamanganan.

-

Sine ngoso' parnanganan? Ka'u? ,

Are you washing the dishes? You are going to wash the dishes, it is said. Who will wash the dishes? You?

Possession Set I1 marks the possessor of a noun. All the pronouns of this set follow the noun, and in the case of Sinama and Yakan the hyphen indicates that the pronoun is joined to the noun which it follows. e.g Yakan luma' 'house' plus -ne 'his' becomes luma'ne 'his house'. 2.

3. Unfocused Actor Set I1 also marks the Actor of a verb when something other than Actor is the focus of attention. Compare these two Pilipino examples; the first has the focus on the Actor, the second on the Object:

Nagbukb & s nang pintb Binuksbn niy6 ang pinto.

She opened

the door. She opened the door

4. Unfocused components other than Actor Set 111 marks any component (other than Actor) when it is not the subject or focus of attention. This is the set which occurs with prepositions. Note the following Tausug examples which use Set 111 pronouns:

Kayrnu na ini. ~ a n g a k u isab. ' Mabuga' aku kaniya. Magtabang kami kaniyu.

-

This is for you. According to me. I am afraid o j him. We will help you.

-

In Pilipino the Set III pronouns have an additional function. They may occur before a noun as an alternative way of showing possession. When used this way they are modified slightly so that the final letters of the pronoun are always -ng. E.g. aking bahay and bahay ko, both meaning 'my house'.

111. USE OF THIS PHRASE BOOK In the next fifty or more pages a number of useful phrases have been arranged into units according to topic. Although groups of phrases sometimes follow each other logically, the units are not intended to be dialogues. The main concern was to provide as many useful phrases as possible, which is why there are so many questions - the language learner's best tool. Instead of giving exact and unnatural translations of English we have tried to give the most natural expression that particular situation. English 'Good- morning' can translated if you insist, but it is much more natural to 'Where are you going?' Of course, the phrases given are

the for be ask not

the only things people may say in these situations. As in any live language what you say depends a great deal on how you are feeling, whether you are in a hurry, or on how.wel1 you know or like the other person. The several hundred phrases listed are only a start. Many of them are useful basic sentences with interchangeable components which you can select from the vocabulary or elsewhere in the phrase section. For example, one question in the 'Useful Expressions' unit asks (in Sinama) Sai onna? 'What is his name?' You can exchange the pronoun -na 'his' for the pronoun -nu 'your' to get the sentence Sai onnu? 'What is your name?'. Or you can substitute sehe'nu 'your companion' for the 'pronoun, to get the sentence Sai on sehe'nu? 'What is your companion's name?'. With a little ingenuity you can find out the name of everybody in your companion's family-not always useful but a great way to learn a language! Above all, have fun with this phrase book. Be adventurous, take some risks in saying things you are not sure about, and always be ready to smile when people correct what you say.

GREETINGS AND LEAVE TAKINGS ON THE PATH 1. Where are you going? 2. Where are you coming from? 3. I a m going there.-I a m just walking. 4. I a m going to your place. 5. 1'11 go on now. (said when leaving) AT THE HOUSE 1. Hello. (Call when approaching house) 2. Come on up.-Come inside. 3. I'll go ahead. (said when leaving) 4. I'm going home.-Let's go now.

PILIPINO SA

DAAN 1. Saan kayo pupunta?

2. 3. 4. 5.

Saan kayo nanggaling? Diyan 1amang.-Magpapaeiya lamang ako. Pupunta ako sa inyo. Lalakad na ako.

SA BAHAY 1. Tao p6. 2. Tuloy p6 kayo.-Pasok kayo. 3. Mauuna ako sa inyo. 4. Uuwi na ak6.-Tayo na.

CHAVACANO NA CAMINO 1. Onde tu anda? 2. Donde tu 'taba? 3. Anda yo '1la.-Camina camina lang yo. 4. Anda yo na cam contigo. 5. Na, a'rda ya yo. NA CASA 1. Buenas. 2. Entra. (Come in) -Vene, entra. 3. Man una ya yo. 4. Volve ya yo.-Na, anda ya came,

SINAMA MA LABAYAN 1. Pi'ingga ka? 2. Bai ka minningga? 3. Pehe' na aku.-Amasiyal sadja aku. 4. Pi'ilu aku ni luma'nu. 5. Palanjal na sku. MA LUMA' 1. Owa'. 2. Pasakat ka.-Pasbd ka. 3. Daha aku. 4. Amole' na aku.-SIing na kita.

TAUSUG HA LARAYAN 1. Paka'in kaw? 2. Bakas kaw hari'in? 3. Madtu na aku.-Magpasiyal 4. Madtu aku kaymu. 5. Lumanjal na aku.

sadja aku.

~ia BAY 1. 2. 3. 4.

Uwa'. Sakat kaw.-SGd na kaw. Muna na aku. Muwi' na aku.-Sang na kita.

YAKAN 1. Tungannu? 2. Ambannu? tu. -Lumengngan3. Hap 4. Hap pi ku si ka'u. 5. Pi ne ku.

lengngan hadja.

1. Uha, a'a luma'. 2. Mana'ik kew.-Padiyalem kew. 3. Dehellu ne ku. 4. Hap luma' ne ku.-Stmg kite bi.

COMPLIMENTS AND COURTESY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Your child is beautiful. So healthy. Your place is a nice place to live. I like it here; it's a peaceful place. You really know how to cook. That meal was delicioua. 6. She is a good looking girl. 7. You are an expert a t speaking English. 8. Excuse me. 9. I'm just going by. 10. May I take your ~ i c t u r e ? 11. Sorry, it wasn't intentional. 12. Thank you.

PILIPINO 1. Maganda ang iyong anak. Maluhg. 2. Mahusay na lugar ang iyong tirahan. 3. Gust6 ko r i b . It6 ay tahimik na lugar. 4. Talagang marunong kang maglutb. 5. Napakasarap na pagkain iyon. 6. Magandang babae. 7. Sanay kayong magsalitg ng Ingles. 8. Mawalang galang na ng8 p6. 9. Makikiraan n g i p6. 10. ~ a a a r ibang makpnan ka ng larawan? 11. Patawad pB. Hindi ko p6 sinasadyh. 12. Salamat pB.

CHAVACANO 1. Bonito di tuyo anak. Bien gordo. 2. Bonito este di tuyo lugar. 3. Quiere gat yo 'qui. Bien tranquilo. 4. Bien aabe gat t u cusina! 5. Bien sabroso gayot eae comida. 6. Bien b ~ n i t agat ele. 7. Bien sabe gat t u converea Ingles. 8. Dispenaa conmigo. 9. Ta paea lang yo. 10. Puede yo saca di tuyo retrato? 11. Dispensa conmigo, hende 'quel intentional. 12. Gracias.

28

SINAMA 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Alingkat anaknu. Al'mrnok isab. Ahap lahatbi itu paglahatan. Bilahi aku maitu, asannang isab lahat i h . Ata'u to'ongan ka am'lla. Ahap istib ssana kaparnangan ilu. Ahap d'nda iya. Panday ka magbisala Ingglis. Tabiya'. Palabay sadja aku. Makajari aku amatta' ka'a? Arnpunun aku, halarn tinu'ud. Magsukul.

TAUSUG 1. Malingkat in anak mu. Matambuk tu'ud. Marayaw in hula' mu paghula'an. Mabaya' aku dl ha hula' ini. Masannyang. Mapanday kaw tu'ud maglutu'. Malanab tu'ud in pagka'un yadtu. Malingkat siya baba'i. Mapanday kaw tu'ud magbichara English. Tabiya'. Lumabay pa aku. 10. Manjari kaw patta'un ku? 11. Ma'ap dakuman. Wala' isab tiyu'ud. 12. Magsukul.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

YAKAN 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Hap anaknun, lemmek. Hap lahatnu inin. Kahapan ku si lahat inin, sanyang. Ta'u kew te'ed rnagbella. Hap te'ed kinakan miya'an. Hap iye dende. Pandey kew magininglis. Tebiya'. Palabey ku e'? Kajari kew patta'ku? Duma'in pagtu'uranku. Magsukul.

29

SOME USEFUL EXPRESSIONS 1. I don't know. 2. Never mind. 3. It's up to you. 4. 1'11 do it. 5. I'll be going now. 6. Come here. 7. Help me. 8. Is there someone who can help me? 9. Bring me a Coke. 10. Listen to me. 11. Give me a paper bag.

1. ~ i n d iko alhm./Ewan ko. 2. Bayaan muna. 3. Bahala kayo. 4. Ako na. 5. h i s na ako. 6. Pumunta kayo rito. 7. Tulungan mo ako. 8. M a y d n bang makatutulong sa akin? 9. Dalhan mo ako ng Coke. 10. Pakinggan mo ako. 11. Bigyan mo aka ng supot.

CHAVACANO 1. No sabe yo. 2. Dejalo ldng. 3. Tu lang cuidao. 4. Yo lang ese hace. 5. Anda ya yo. 6. Vene tu 'qui. 7. Ayuda conmigo. 8: Tiene ba quien ayuda conmigo? 9. Lleva conmigo Cwa Cola. LO. Oi conmigo. 11. Dale conmigo suput.

SINAMA 1. Sitta'a./Mbal kata'uwanku. 2. Sagarin na. 3. Ka'a na rnagkabaya'an. 4. Aku na iya. 5. PehB' na aku. 6. Dai' ka kono'. 7. Tabangun aku. 8. Aniya' bahg' rnakatabang ma aku? 9. Bowahin aku dakayu' koks. 10. Kalehun sku. 11. Buwanin aku suput.

TAUSUG 1. Inday./Di' ku ka'ingatan. 2. SBri na. 3. Baya'-baya' mu na. 4. Aku na. 5. Madtu na aku. 6. Kari kaw. 7. Tabangi aku. 8. Aun k a makatabang kiiku'? 9. Dahi aku kuks. 10. Tainghug kaw kaku'. 11. Dihili aku suput.

YAKAN 1. Inday./Inday ku. 2. Arnbat ne. 3. Ka'u ne hadja. 4. Aku sa'. 5. Pi ne ku. 6. Dai' kew pitu. 7. Tabanganun ku. 8. Niya' ente a'a nabangan aku? 9. Bo'ohanun ku koks. 10. Pakale kew. 11. Urunganun ku suput.

Continued

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Continued 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Open the door. Close the window. Please wait a moment. Come with me. Who is your companion? Do you know the mayor of t h a t place? I know him by sight. What is his name? I don't remember. I do not understand.

PILIPINO 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Buksan mo ang pint6. Isara mo a n g bintana. sandal1 p6 lamang. Surnama kayo sa akin. Sino ang kasama mo? Kilal$ mo ba ang mayor d&n? Hindi ko siya tantong kilala. Ano a n g kanyang pangalan? ~ i n d ko i natatandadn? ~ i n d ko ; nauunawaan.

CHAVACANO 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Abri el puerta. Cerra el ventana. Favor espera anay, un ratito lang. Sigui conmigo. Quien el di tuyo uban? Conoce tu con el mayor de 'se lugar? Conoce yo con ele de vista lang. Cosa man su nombre? Hende yo t a acorda. ~ e n d yo e t a entende.

SINAMA 12. Ukabun lawang. 13. Tambolun tandawan. 14. Angagad ka kono' dai'-dai' 15. Ameya' ka ma aku. 16. Sai sehe'nu? 17. Kata'uwannu ia mayul ma lahat e'? 18. Takilaku du ia. 19. Sai hnna? 20. Mbal na taentomku. 21. Mbal aku makahati.

TAUSUG 12. Ukaba in lawang. 13. Tambula in tandawan. 14. Tagad kaw hangkarai'. 15. Agad kaw kaku'. 16. Hi siyu in iban mu? 17. Ka'ingatan mu in mayur sin hula' yan? 18. Kakilahan ku siya. 19. Hi siyu in ngan niya? 20. Di' ku katumtuman. 21. Di' aku makahati.

YAKAN 12. Lukahun ko' gawangin. 13. Dindingun tendewanin. 14. Da'a kew dahu'. 15. Nuhut kew aku. 16. Sine sawe'nun? 17. Kata'uhannu mayul si l a h a t iyan? 18. Awe' takilaleku iye. 19. Sine Innen? 20. Ga'i ta'essebku. 21. Ga'i tasabutku.

Continued

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Continued 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

What is this? What is t h a t ? What is t h a t yonder? Whose pencil is t h a t ? When?/ who?/ whose? Where?/ why?lhow? Why not? Please repeat what you said. Would you please accompany me? Do you have small change? I'm in a hurry!

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

An6 iM? An6 iyan? An6 iyon? Kaninong lapis iyan? Kailan?/ sino?/ kanino? Saan?/ bakit?/ paano? Bakit hind;? Pakiulit mo a n g iyong sinabi. ~ a a a r bang ; sumama kayo rn akin? M a y d n ba kay6ng suklf? ~ a ~ d a d a l dali i akd.

PILIPINO

-

CHAVACANO 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Cosa 'ste? Cosa 'se? Cosa 'quel? Di quien eee lapis? Cuando?/ quien?/ di quien? Donde?/ porque?/ quemodo, quechura? Porque no? Favor dao habia ole. Puede man t u sigui conmigo? Tiene ba t u censillo? Apurao g a t yo!

SINAMA 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Ai itu? Ai ilu? Ai h&'? Anu aai pinsil ilu? Sumiyanlaailma sai? Mainggalangaylpainay na? Na, angay mbal? Balikin kono' ia bai yuknu-i'. Sehe'in aku kono'. Aniya' sinnu kanat-kanat? Itiya' aku magdai'-dai'.

TAUSUG 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27, 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Unu ini? Unu yan? Unu yadtu? Kansiyu in pinsil yen? ku'nu (future), ka'nu (past)/hieiyu/kansiyu? hari'inlmayta'hiya' di'in? Mayta' d i . Baliki kunu' in bichara mu hain du'un. Ibani kunu' aku. Aun sin mu kanat-kanat? Mag'b-'as aku.

22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

Ine inin? Ine iyan? Ine miya'an? Pusine pinsil iyan? I Sine dapu' pinsil iyan? Sumiyan?/ Sine?/ Pusine, sine dapu'? Intag, antagl We'ey?l Sa'ingge, inumey? We'ey ga'i? Bissahun ko' balik pine'innu miya'an. Tuhutanun ko' ku. Niya' ke sinsilyunu? Magdail-dai' ku.

YAKAN

ABOUT A PERSON 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Where are you from originally? Where are you staying now? Where did you just come from? What can I do for you? I just came to visit. Have you just recently arrived? Yes, I came just yesterday from Zamboanga. What is your occupation? I a m a n office-worker.

PILIPINO 1. Taga saan p8 kayo? 2. Saan p6 kayo tumitira? 3. Saan kayo nanggaling? 4. An6 ang maipaglilingkod ko sa inyo? 5. Binibisita lamang kita. 6. Bago ka lamang d u m a t h g ? 7. Opo, kahapon lamang ako dumating galing sa Zamboanga. 8. Ano ang iyong hanap-buhay? 9. Nagtatrabaho ako sa opisina.

CHAVACANO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

De donde lugar t u ? Donde tu t a queda? Donde t u estaba? Coea ayuda yo puede dale contigo? Ya vene lang yo visita. Ahora lang ba t u ya Ilega? Si, ayer lang yo llega de Zamboanga. Cosa el tuyo trabajo? Ta trabaja yo na oficina.

SINAMA 1. Maingga lahatnu porol? . 2. Maingga na ka pat'nna' buwattina'an? 3. Bai ka minningga? 4. Ai tahinangku ma ka'a? 5. Amisita sadja aku. 6. Baha'u kat'kkanu? 7. Aho', iyampa aku at'kka di'ilaw min Sambuangan. 8. Ai pagusahanu? 9. Maghinang aku ma upis.

TAUSUG 1. Dain di'in in awwal mu? 2. Ha'unu kaw naghuhula' biha'un? 3. Bakas kaw hari'in? 4. Unu in kalagillan mu kaku'? 5. Nagbisita hadja aku. 6. Iyan pa kaw dimatung? 7. Hu'un. Dimatung aku kahapun dain ha Zamboanga. 8. Unu in usaha mu? 9. Naghihinang aku ha upis.

YAKAN 1. Amban lahatnu tagna'in? 2. Intag (antag) patenna'annun kuwe'itu? 3. Ambannu? 4. Niya' ke akanu? 5. Pitu ku hadja magbisita. 6. Ba'ahu du tekkanun? 7. Awe', di'ilew du tekkakun amban Sembuwangan. 8. Ine tarabahunun? 9. Maghinang ku si opisina.

1. Is your father still living? 2. Yes, but my mother died last year. 3. How many brothers and sistere do you have? 4. There are eight children in our family. 5. Are you the eldest? 6. No, I am the youngest. 7. How old are you? 8. Do you have a wife? 9. Do you have children? 10. Yes, I have five children. 11. Two are girls and three a r e boys.

PILIPINO 1. Buhay pa ba ang tatay mo? 2. OH,nguni't namatay ang nanay ko n d n g isang taon. 3. Ilan kayong magkakapatid? 4. Walb kam;ng magkakapatid. 5. Kayqba ang pinakamatands? 6. Hindi, ako ang pinakabati 7. Ilan tabn na kayo? 8. May asawa ba kayo? 9. Mayr&n ba kayong mga anak? 10. OH,may limang anak ako. 11. Dalawa ang babae a t tat16 ang lalaki.

CHAVACANO 1. Vivo pa t u tata? 2. Si, pero mi nana ya muri del otro an& 3. Cuanto camo na familia? 4. Ocho came man hermano. 5. Tu ba el mayor? 6. Hende, yo el menor de todo. 7. Cuanbo an6 t u tiene? 8. Tiene t u mujer? 9. Tiene tu maga anak? 10. Si, tiene yo cinco anak. 11. Doe beta mujer, tres bata hombre.

SINAMA 1. Masi allum mma'nu? 2. Aho', sagwa' ina'ku bai amatay ma tahun palabay inan. 3. Pila kam magdanakan? 4. Walu' kami magdanakan. 5. Ka'a siyaka? 6. Ngga'i ka, kasiyalian aku. 7. Pilantahun na umulnu? 8. Aniya' na h'ndanu' 9. Aniya' na anaknu? 10. Aho', lima na anakku. 11. Duwangan d'nda, t'llungan l'lla.

TAUSUG 1. Buhi' pa in ama' mu? 2. Hu'un, sa' miyatay na in ina' ku sin tahun limabay ya'un. 3. Pila kamu magtaymanghud? 4. Walu kami magtaymanghud. 5. Ikaw in magulang? 6. Bukun, aku in kamanghuran. 7. Pila in umul mu? 8. Aun aaawa mu? 9. Aun anak mu? 10. Hu'un, lima in anak ku. 11. Duwa baba'i, to usug.

YAKAN 1. Ellum samanun? 2. Awe', aeguwa' sa'ikun ubus ne matey tahun miya'an. 3. Piyangan ka'am magpungtina'ihin? 4. Walu' kai magpungtina'ihin. 5. Ka'u ke aekahin? 6. Duma'in, aku salihin. 7. Piyen tahun ne umulnun? 8. Niya' andanu? 9. Niya' anaknu? 10. Awe' lime anakkun. 11. Duwe dende duk tellu lella.

ABOUT YOUR PLACE 1. What place are you from?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

I live in Malaybalay, in Bukidnon.

What kinds of fruits and vegetables grow there? Do you have a garden there? Yes, we plant many kinds of vegetables. How did you come here? Do you still want to return to Bukidnon? Yes, I want to return a few months from now. Do you like this place? 10. Yes, it is a good place to live. 11. Which do you like better, Luzon or Mindanao?

PILIPINO 1. Taga man kayo?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Nakatira ak6 sa Malaybalay, Bukidnon. Anong klaaeng prutas a t gulayin mayrwn d&n? May-n ba kayong hardin? Op& marami k a m h g tanim na gulayh. Paano kay6 nakarating dito? Gust6 mo bang bumalik sa Bukidnon? Opb, gust6 kong bumalik pagkaraan ng ilang buw8n. Gust6 ba ninyrj ang lugar na it6? Opb, talagang maganda! ~ l i nang gust6 ninyo, L u d n o Mindanaw?

CHAVACANO 1. De donde lugar tu?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

De Malaybalay, na Bikidnon. Cosa claw de frutas y gulay tiene alla? Tiene tu jardin 'Ila? Si, ta w ~ n b r a came mucho clam de gulay. Quemodo tu ya vene? Quiere pa tu bira na Bukidnon? Si, quiere yo bira despues de cuanto mews. Quiere tu 'qui? 10. Si. bien bonito aqui. 11. Donde t u quiere, na Luzon o na Mindanao?

SINAMA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Maingga lahatnu? Iya lahatku ma Malaybalay, Bukidnon. Tanoman ai na pa'in patomo' mahe'? Aniya' humanu mahe'? Aho'. Aheka ginisan sayul tanomkami mahe'-i. Ai bai pameya'annu pi'tiu? Bilahi gi' k a pabing ni Bukidnon? Aho', bilahi a k u pabing saga dua-t'llumbulan min buwattina'an. Kabaya'annu d u l a h a t i t u ? 10. Aho', ahgp paglahat. 11. Ingga kabaya'annu paglahatan. Luzon a t a w a Mindanao?

TAUSUG Dain di'in kaw? In hula' k u h a Malaybalay. Bukidnon. Unu in ginisan sin bungang kahuy iban sayul didtu? Aun tiyanum mu didtu? 5. Hu'un. Nagtanum kami ginisan sayul didtu. 6. Unu in siyakatan mu mari? 7. Mabaya' pa kaw muwi' pa Bukidnon? 8. Hu'un. Mabaya' a k u muwi' pa Bukidnon h a laum pilay bulan ini. 9. Kiyarayawan kaw sin hula' ini? 10. Hu'un. Marayaw paghula'an. 11. Bang ikaw, ha'unu in marayaw, Luzon atawa Mindanao? 1. 2. 3. 4.

YAKAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Antag (Intag) l a h a t n u n ? Lahatkun la'i si Malaybalay si Bukidnon. Sayul ine duk buwa' kayu ine metomo' mela'i si lahatbin? Niya' galdennu? Awe'. Ekka bayu'an sayul tanemku. Ine panuhutannu papitunun? Mabaya' pe kew h a p pi balik h a p Bukidnon? Awe', mabaya' ku h a r a p pi balik, inday bang p i y e n ~bulan binna'an. Kahapan kew si lahat inin? Awe' hap te'ed l a h a t inin. Inggehin kahapannun Luzon a t a w a Mindanao?

MEDICAL 1. I don't feel well. 2. I a m sick. 3. Go to the doctor. 4. Where can I find a doctor? 5. Tell me how you feel. 6. I have a headache. 7. I vomited last night. 8. I feel dizzy and have a fever. 9. 1 think I have malaria. 10. 1 will give you a shot. 11. Take this medicine every day a t noon.

PILIPINO 1. Masamt a n g aking pakiramdam. 2. May karamdaman ako. 3. Tumawag kayo ng doktor. 4. Saan ako tatawag ng doktor? 5. An6 a n g iyong pakiramdam? 6. ~ a s a k i ta n g aking , ulo. 7. Sumuka ako kagabi. 8. Nahihilo ako a t may lagnat. 9. Tila ako ay may malaria. 10. Iiniksiyonan kita. 11. Inurnin ninyb a n g gambt na it6 araw-araw tuwing tanghali.

CHAVACANO Hende yo t a sinti bueno. Enfermo yo. Anda t u na doctor. Donde ba el doctor aqui? 5. Habla conmigo cosa t u ta sinti. 6. Ta duele mi cabeza. 7. Ya vomita yo anoche. 8. Ta man buyung yo y tiene yo calentura. 9. Tiene 'caja yo malaria. 10. Ay pone yo contigo ineccion. 11. Toma este medicina todo'l media dia. 1. 2. 3. 4.

SINAMA 1. Ala'at palasahanku. 2. Asaki aku. 3. Subay ka ni doktol.

4. 5. 6. 7.

Pi'ingga aku bo' s k u makabak doktol? Haka'in aku bang ai nanamnu. Ap'ddi' kbkku. Bai aku angutta' dibuhi'. 8. Sali' aku ulingan mata maka pinasu'. 9. Tinandog aku, bang ma aku isab. 10. Tugsukta ka. 11. Subay ka anginum tambal itu kahaba' ugtu Ilaw.

TAUSUG 1. Mangi' in parasahan. ku. 2. Nasasakit aku. 3. Kadtu kaw pa duktul. 4. Ha'unu aku makabak duktul? 5. Bayta'i aku bang unu in nanamun mu. 6. Masakit in D ku. 7. Nagsuka aku kabi'i. 8. Biyungan aku mata iban hinglaw aku. 9. Marai' tiyandug aku. 10. Tugsukun ta kaw. 11. Inuma in ubat ini sakahaba' ugtu.

YAKAN 1. Ga'i h8p lessaku. 2. Sakj ku. 3. Subey kew hap doktol. 4. Intag (antag) pagdoktolanin? 5. Sa'ingge lessanun? 6. Peddi' k6kku. 7. Nguta' ku dibuhi'. 8. Uling mataku duk ilemmun ku. 9. Hatu tinangkig ku. 10. Tugsukte kew. 11. Inumun tambs: inin kahaba' lettu ellew.

BODY PARTS ENGLISH

ear elbow

feet forehead hair (head)

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

SINAMA

empon

TAUSUG

YAKAN

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS ENGLISH

PILIPINO

wife

mas matandl

nephewlniece

relatives

CHAVACANO

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAKAN

ina'

embuwa' l a h a t

DIRECT ADDRESS TERMS ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

Mother Father Older Sister Older Brother

Inay Tatay Ate Kuya

Mania Papa Manang Manong

Aunt Uncle Grandparent Grandmother Grandfather

Tiya Tiyo -

Tia Tio

Lola Lolo

Loli Lolo

SINAMA

TAUSUG

-

YAKAN

t

Ina' Mrna' Arung Oto'

Ina' Ama' Kaka' Kaka'

Ina' Amma' Kakka' Kakka'

Babu' Bapa' Mbo' Mbo' Mbo'

Babu' Bapa' Apu' Apu' Apu'

Abu'IBabu' Apa'IPappa' Apu' Apu' Apu'

Republic of the Philippines *

SPEAKING 1. Do you know how to speak Pilipino?

I understand a little but I don't know how to speak it. I speak i t a little. How do you say . . . in your language? Do you understand what I a m saying? I don't understand. Please repeat that. Speak more nlowly. You speak English well. 10. My speech is not grammatical. 11. I a m still learning how to speak Tausug.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

PILIPINO 1. Marunong p6 kayong magsalitl ng Pilipino? Nauunawaan ko p6 nang kaunti,-nguni't hind; aki, makapagsalitl.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Nakakapagsalitl ako nang kaunti. Ano a n g . . . sa inyong wika? Nauunawaan ba ninyo a n g aking sinasabi? ~ i n d iko p6 nauunawaan. Pakiulit n g i . Magsaliti kayo nang marahan. Mahusay kayo magsaliU ng Ingles. 10. Hindi maayos a n g aking pageasalita. 11. Nag-aaral akong magsaliU ng Tausog.

CHAVACANO 1. Sabe ba t u conversa Pilipino?

2. T a entende yo poco pero n o sabe yo conversa. 3. Puede yo habla poco. 4. El palabra . . ., cosa na t u lenguaje? 5. Ta entende t u cosa yo t a habla? 6. Hende yo ta entende. 7. Puede t u habla ole? 8. Habla. hinay-hinay. 9. Ta conversa t u Ingles buenamente. 10. Hende yo t a puede habla enbuenamente. 11. Ta aprende pa yo conversa Tausug.

SINAMA 1. Ata'u ka magbisala Pilipino? 2. Makahati isab a k u diki'-diki' sagwa' mbal sadja makabisala. 3. Makabisala a k u diki'-diki'. 4. Ai . . . . bang ma bisalabi? 5. Makahati ka bang ai iya parnungku itu? 6. Mbal a k u makahati. 7. Balikin kono'. 8. Pahangpatun kono' bisalanu. 9. Ata'u to'ongan ka arnisala Ingglis. 10. Mbal gi' abontol bisalaku. 11. Masi a k u anganad m a bisala SQk.

TAUSUG 1. Ma'ingat kaw magbichara Pilipino? 2. Makahati a k u tiyu'tiyu' sa' di' a k u makabichara tu'ud. 3. Makahaw da isab. 4. Bang ha bichara niyu unu in . . . .? 5. Makahati kaw sin bichara k u ? 6. Di' a k u rnakahati. 7. Baliki kunu' in bichara mu hain du'un. 8. Palallaya in bichara mu. 9. Matu'lid kaw rnagbichara English 10. Bukun mabuntul in bichara ku. 11. Nag'a'anad pa a k u rnagbichara Ta'usug.

YAKAN 1. Ta'u kew magpilipino (magsambowanggenyolmagsinama/magsinclk/ maginyakan) ? 2. Tasabutku ku'ahat seguwa' ga'i k u ta'u m i s s h e . 3. Ta'u ku isab ku'ahat. 4. Bang biss8 . . . . ine iyan si ka'am? 5. Tasabutnu binissiikun? 6. Ga'i tasabutku. 7. Balikun ko' iyan. 8. Palomboy-lornboyun. 9. Ta'u kew te'ed rnagininglis. 10. Ga'i du bentel bissitkun. 11. Ngaya pe ku rnagsinuk.

WRITING 1 . May I borrow your pen for a nionlent? I w i l l send it letter to nly mother I need pitper. .*tariip.s. and an envelope. Sign >our nzclile here. Take thi* letter to thtl poht office. Sell lile t w o 15 centirvt, htalnph and one 60 centavo stamp. Where can we w n d d teleyrani?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

PILIPINO 1. Pahiranlin n g i ang ball pen n i n y i sandal;? 2. Xlagpapadalii a k i ng sulat sa nanay. 3. Kailangan ko ang puptl. selyo, a t sobre. 4. L u n ~ a g d ik a y i rito. 5 . ~ a l h ~n inn y i itcjng aulat sa post opis. 6. Pagbilhin riio a k i ~ng d a l a w i n g selybng tig-kinse at isiing selyong tig-sesintii. 7. Saiin karili nlakak;cteIegrania?

CHAVACANO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Puede yo presta t u bolpen un rato? Ay nianda yo carta con el di nlio nana. Neceaita tanien yo papel. cello. y sohre. Pirnia 'qui t u nonibre. Lleva este carta na pust office. Vende connligo dos cello de quince centavos y uno de sesenta. Donde came puede nlan telegrams?

SINAMA Makajari aku angindani bolpennu dai'-dai'? Aniabeya' aku sulat ni ina'ku. Kagunahanku isab katas, estam niaka enibelop. Sulatun 6nnu niaitu. Bowahun sulat itu ni Post Office. Aniab'lli ka keno' duwa estam nihalga' sangpu' niaka linla sin. nlaka dakayu' nnompu' sin. 7. Minningga pamabeya'ankami taligrama? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

TAUSUG Makajari aku mamus sin bulpin mu hangkarai'? Parahan ku sulat hi ina'. Magkalagihan aku katas, istam, iban imbilup. Sulatan in ngan mu di. 5. Daha in sulat ini pa Post Office. 6. Pabiha aku duwa istam, halga' hangpu' taglima sin iban hambu'uk istam, halga' ka'numan sin. 7. Ha'unu kami makapara tiligram?

1. 2. 3. 4.

YAKAN Indamanun ku ko' bolpen. Pabo'ohanku sulat sa'ikun. Subey niya' katasku, subri duk istamp. Sulatun ennun tu'u. 5. Pabo'ohanku sulat inin h a p opisina. 6. Melli ku duwe istamp sempuk lime sin duk istamp ennempn'sin. 7. Intag (antag) kai mebo'o tiglama? 1. 2. 3. 4.

EATING 1. I a m hungry and thirsty. 2. Let's e a t now. 3. Sit down. (subject 'you, plural') 4. Here is the rice. 5. E a t well; don't be shy. 6. What is the name of this fish? 7. That's tuna. 8. It's delicious and a little peppery. 9. Give me a drink of water, please. 10. Take some more. 11. I can't. I a m full.

PILIPINO 1. Nagugutom a t nauuhaw ako. 2. Kumain na tayo. 3. Maup6 kayo. 4. Heto ang kanin. 5. Kurnain kayo nang mabuti. Parang sarili. 6. Anong isdi ito? 7. It6 ay tulingan. 8. Masarip a t may kaunt;ng halang ito. 9. Makikiinom na p6. 10. Kurnuha pa kayo. 11. Buaog na ako.

CHAVACANO 1. Con hambre yo y con sequia. 2. Come ya kita. 3. Senta ustedes. 4. Taqui el canon. 5. Come enbuenamente; no tene huya. 6. Cosa el nombre de este pescao? 7. Tuna 'ae. 8. Bien ,sabroso, pica pica pa. 9. Dale dao conmigo agua. 10. Sigui. come pa. 11. No puede mas. Busuk g a t yo.

SINAMA 1. Lingantu aku maka atoho' k'llongku. 2. Amangan na kitabi. 3. Aningk6' kam. 4. Atiya' na buwas. 5. Amangan to'ongan ka. Da'a ka aloman. 6. Daing ai itu? 7. Panit ko' ilu. 8. Ahap isab ssana itu, maka alara-lara. 9. Painumun aku kono' bohe'. 10. Anga' ka gi'. 11. Mbal na aku. Asso na.

TAUSUG 1. Hiyapdi' aku iban iyuhaw. 2. Magka'un na kitaniyu. 3. Lingkud na kamu. 4. Yari na in ka'unun. 5. Ka'un kamu marayaw, ayaw kamu masipug. 6. Ista' unu ini? 7. Panit sa yan. 8. Malanab iban malara-!ara. 9. Dihili kite tubig inumun. 10. Kawa' pa kaw. 11. Di' na. Kiyansuban na aku.

YAKAN 1. Inusan ku duk IikekkanAekkakan. 2. Mangan ne kite bi. 3. Ningk6' ka'am. 4. Tiya' buwasin. 5. Mangan kew hadja, da'a kew iya'. 6. Ine en kenna inin. 7. Mangku'. 8. Hiip te'ed pegge' lala-lala. 9. Urunganun ku ko' bohe' 10. Narnba ka'am. 11. Ga'i ku. Esso ne ku.

FOODS ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

51GA G C L A Y ;inip;~la.vi sil.~cl ~ntrnggo rrpolyo ha~~~uting-hnhoy

1

t.gyplan t garlic ginger

,

nlustard onion

squanh-wh~t~a i squaah-yellow sweet p u t a t o tomato turnieric

j

guava i hal;trn,~nsi jackfruit

I

mango nlangohtren orange papaya

rrii01t.s

mongo rrpt)llo kan~antiny

t;tiong 11iiw~in~ lu>a 111 uhtaha hil1uha3

talung ajua isnibre luustaha ~ehullun

llt,th;l.v ailing pulii u pi) kalallnha kari~ott. kaniatih tliliiw

E ) ~ hCa y katun~hal calahasa hlanco calaba:,;~ colorao camotr toniateh

h,lGA I'RI ;TAS atis .~l~okacio saging niyog hukb

MAGA FRUTAS

- --

1

GLJIAY anitirgoao

!)ilyilt);ls k,~l;tniun~ling ~'1ngk2 1i1 rlaontih niangp;i n~:t!lggu.-l~!l

56

ates avo~ictlo suguing (.0(.0 btrt~lng

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAKAN

I - - FY ! -

'

havul I ~ a t u n g nlonggo kahj p : ~ n g g ~k' a y u

----.

/

1 !

:z:i:r,ratung rnunggu kabij panggi' krlhuy

uaraholea nlonggo ripolyo k e n ~ u n t i ' kayu

nlustasa sitluyas

talung bawang sina' le'iye mustasa sibolyas

.

I

i

I I

j I 4

: prtsay : lara latbu kabasi' a panggi' 1)ah;ln karnalik dulaw

pichay lara labu kahas~' panggi' hagun kamatis dulaw

: )

1

i

1 1

saging lahing trotong tl~yabas kalamonden nangka' 1)uwah;in ni~mpallani

R U W A ' KAYL7 atis al~okado uvat

B U N G A N C KAHUY atis ahukadu saing lahing butung

1 abukado

'

I

1

hiyabas kalarnunciin nangka' buwahan

niang~is suwa' rnarnis kapaya pisnng suwa' g a d j a .

---- - --

/ I

- --.

-

pethay sili la1)u kal,as;t' keniunt~' kil~natis dulew

-

k ; i l ; ~ n i a n -'It...-vni ~ nanyk;~ I)uw:iha7

1

FOODS

Cont~nued

ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

MEAT

KARNE

CARNE

beef chicken crab dried fish fish

karning baka manok alimasag bislad isdi

carne baca manok cangrejo pescao seco pescao

lobster pork shallow-water food shell fish

banagan, ulang karning baboy sikad sikad

banagan carne puerco

shrimp squid turtle

hipon. sugpB panus pawikan

camaron choca turtuga

MlSCELLANEOUS coffee tea milk salt sugar

SARI SARI kapk tsi gatas asin asukal

MACA OTROS cape cha leche sal asucar

marisco

sapi' rnanuk kagong peyadlpundang daing

sapi' manuk kagang tahay ista'

keo t bawi'ha' t'bbahan panagatun

ka'ulang babuy panagatun panagatun

sapi' nlanuk kaka' sempina' kenna p~

kelolang bawi tinebba sew' -

ka'ulang kanu'us tohongan

ullang kanu'us payukan

ulang &bola pennu

kahawa ti gatas asin sokal

kahawa ti gataa

kahawa ti gatas asin mkal

sukal

BUYING FISH 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Where a r e you going? To t h e market. I a m going to buy fish. W h a t kind of fish will you b u y ? Any kind of fish. Well. I'll proceed.-Yes. go ahead. hla'm, do you want to buy some fish? How m u c h ? This good kind is kulapu, one peso for two cuts. 9. T h a t is expensive. Is t h e r e no b a r g a i n ? 10. One peso only. It's very inexpensive a s i t is. 11. I will buy it.

PILIPINO 1. S a a n pb kayo p u p u n t a ?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

S a palengke. ~ i b i l ia k o ng i s d k Anbng klase ng i s d i a n g bibilhin mo? K a h i t a n i ~ n g klase ng isd5. Tutu16y na akb.-Opo, u m u n a na kayo. Mam. gusto ba ninybng burnil; ng i s d i ? Magkano? 8. Itong mabuting klase ay kulapu, piso l a m a n g a n g d a l a w i n g giljt. 9. Mahal n a m i n . ~ a a a r ib a n g t u m a w a d ? 10. Piso lamang. N a p a k a m u r a n a m a n . 11. ~ i b i l iak6.

CHAVACANO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. R.

9. 10. 11.

Donde nlan t u a n d a ? Na tiangue. Ay compra yo pescao. Cosa clase pescao? Masquin cosa y a lang. Bueno. Anda ya yo.-Si, sigui ya. ~ o r a ,quiere uste compra pescao? Cuanto nlan ese? Buen clase este lapulapu. dos posta por un peso lang. Bien caro ya 'se. Puede pa r e b a j a ? Un peso lang. B a r a t o ya g a n e ese. Saca yo 'se.

60

SINAMA 1.Pi'ingga ka ilu? 2. Ni tabu' a k u . Ani'lli a k u daing. 3. Daing ; ~ i b'llinu? 4. Dainy ai.ai na. 5. Na, palanjal na aku.-Aho'. d a h u na ka. 6. 0 Mani, bilahi k a am'lli d a i n g ? 7. Pila ilu? 8. I y a na itu daing a h a p kulapu' itu. Dakayu' pilak d u w a n g k e h e t na itu. 9. A h u n i t pahap. Halani aniya' k u l a n g n a ? 10. Ia na hi.' tobtobna d a k a y u ' pilak du. Aluhay na ko' itu. 11. B'lliku na.

TAUSUG 1. Paka'in kaw? 2. P a tabu'. Manii a k u ista' 3. Ista' u n u in bihun m u ? 4 . Ista' unu'unu na. 5 . Na, nladtu n a aku.-Hu'un. K a d t u na kaw. 6. Babu', nlabaya' kaw m a m i ista'? 7. Pila s i n ? 8. Aniu in kulapu ini, in niarayaw, h a n ~ b u ' u k ~ i l a kin d u w a k a u t u d 9. Mahalga' s a y a n . Way kir'? 10. H a n ~ b u ' u k pilak da. Maluhay sa yvn. 11. Bihun k u na.

YAKAN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

T u n g a n kew? H a p tiyanggi ku. Tiya'ku melli kenna. K e n n a ine binellinun? Ine-ine ne hadja. Na, ne k u e'?-Awe'. 6. MBm. rnelli k e n n a kew? 7. Piye sin iyan? 8. K e n n a h a p inin. kenna kuhapo'. Dembuwa' pilak duweng kehet 9. H u n i t be iyan! C a n a ' kulangne? 10. Dernbuwa' pilak hadja. M u r a n e inin! 11. Belliku ne.

TRAVEL 1. 2. 3. 4.

Sir. I will carry. O.K. Never mind, someone is doing it already. Leave t h a t one; I will carry it. How much will you charge for all this? 5. That's too much. I will give four pesos only. 6. 0.K. Are you going to Ayala? 7. Yes, what do I take to get there? 8. You take t h a t bus. 9. Follow me. 10. Where do I get the jeep to S a n t a Maria? 11. Over there, b u t it's better to t a k e a tricycle.

PILIPINO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Sir, ako na p6 ang magdadala? Hindi na! May magdadala na. Iwan mo iyan. Ako na a n g magdadala. Magkano lahat? Mahal naman! Apat na piso na lamang. Sigue na, pupunta ba kayo s a Ayala? 00, an6 a n g aking sasakyan? Sa bus kayo sumakay. S u m u n d kayo sa akin. Saan ang parada ng dyip para sa Santa Maria? Sa dako r o b , mabuti pa a y surnakay kayo sa trysikel.

CHAVACANO 1. Nor, carga yo. Si, puede. 2. Dejalo lang, tiene ya quien el carga. 3. Deja 'se, yo lang carga. 4. Cuanto 'se todo a y cobra t u ? 5. Bien caro ya 'se. Dale lang yo contigo cuatro pesos. 6 . Si. Anda ba t u na Ayala? 7. Si. Quemodo yo anda? 8. Munta lang t u bus. 9. Sigui conmigo. 10. Donde yo saca jeep para S a n t a Maria? 11. Alli lang o, pero mas bueno si saca t u tricycle.

SINAMA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Sel, a k u na amowa? Makajari. Sagarin na, aniya' du amowa. Bbahin na ilu, a k u na amawa. Pila pamayadku i t u kamemon? Makalandu' ko' ilu. Subay m p a t pilak sadja. Makajari. Ni Ayala k a ? Aho', a i pameya'anku pehe'? Ameya' ka min buslaen ina'an-i. Paturul ka m a aku. Maingga kono' pagparadahan jip ni S a n t a Maria? He' mahe', sa' a h a p gi' k a ameya' min taraysikul.

TAUSUG Sil, a k u na in magda? Makajari. Sari na, a u n na m a k a d klku'. Binan na yan. a k u na in duma. Pila in katain y a n ? Mahalga' tu'ud isab. U p a t pilak sadja. 6. Makajari. P a Ayala kaw? 7. Hu'un. Unu in s a k a t a n k u madtu? 8. Agad kaw ha t a r a k ya'un. 9. Urul kaw kaku'. 10. Ha'unu in paradahan jip pa S a n t a Maria? 11. Yadtu didtu, sa' marayaw pa kaw s u m a k a t taraysikul.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

YAKAN 1. Sel, a k u mo'o karganun. Awe' 2. Da'a ne, niya' ne mo'one seddi. 3. Da'a ne bo'ohun iyan. Aku ne mo'one. 4. Piye sin kemon inin? 5. Iyu' hunit! Bayerante kew a m p a t pilak hadja. 6. Awe'. Hap Ayala kew? 7. Awe'. Ine panuhutanku h a p pihin? 8. Subey kew nuhut buslain miya'an. 9. Nuhut kew aku. LO. Intag (antag) pararahan jip h a p S a n t a Mariyahin? 11. 0,la'i, seguwa' p e d n g h&p bang kew nuhut teraisikol. '

Continued

TRAVEL Continued 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

How long is the trip to Jolo? Eight hours. more or less. Should we take something to e a t on the way? Where will you get off? Are you coming, uncle? Get on. I will put your cargo on top of the jeep. How much is t h e fare' for myself and the cargo? I'll get off a t t h e market. Let nle see your I.D. Where do I get a pass?

PILIPINO 12. Gaano katagiil a n g biyahe para sa Holo? 13. Walong oras humigit-kumulang. 1 4 . ~ i n d iha tayo nlagdadala ng makakain? 15. S a i n kayi, hababi? 16. Sihakay ba kayo. tiyo? 17. S u m a k i y na kayo. Ilalagay ko a n g inyong karga sa itaas ng dyip. 18. Magkano a n g aking plete iyong kargci? 19. Bababi ako sa palengke. 20. M a i a r i bang nlakita ko a n g iyong ID? 21. Saan ba maaaring kumuha ng pases?

CHAVACANO 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Cuanto hora para llega na Jolo? Poco mas o menos, cerca ocho horas. Necesita came lleva comida? Donde tu a b a j a ? Nor, sigui ba t u ? Subi ya. Ay pone yo el ti tuyo carga arriba del jeep. Cuanto el di mio pasaje pati el carga? Ay abaja yo na tiangue. Dale conmigo mira el di tuyo I.D. Donde yo saca el permiso?

SINAMA 12. 13. 14. 15, 16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21.

S a g a pilitnjanl n ~ ~ n n i ttuu d j u ni T ~ y a n g g iS u k ? Kularig l a l ~ i w ; t l u n j a r ~ ~ . Ari~owa kita Iutu' l)aha'? hlainyga pareu'annu? K a ' a - i anleya'. Bepa'? P a r i y a t a ' na ka. Pat'nna'ku d u w a ' a n n u n i a r i y i ~ t a ' j i p Pila panukay k~ilranku m a k a duwe';tnku? Pareo' a k u Ina t a l ~ u ' . Nda'ta sairulanu. hlinningga pangir'anku s u l a t k a t a d d a n g a n ?

TAUSUG 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Pila kajiinl tlair~ tli pic Sug? K u l a n g labi walung k a j a ~ n . hIugda pa kita l u t u ' ? Ha'unu kaw n ~ a n a ' u g ? hlagad kaw. Ijapa'? S a k a t kaw. Ililu'an k u in luluwanan n ~ upa ta'a3 >in jip. Pila a ~ nin hukay k a t a n itritn sin luluwanan? Mana'ug a k u ha tabu'. Kita'un k u in I.D. mu. Ha'unu a k u m a k a k a w a ' k l t a s k a t a r a n g a n ?

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

Sa'ingge tiggelnen bang h a r a p SOk? K u l a n g lahi walu' ora. Mo'o kite lutu' k a k a n t r si I a n ? A n t a g kew duwa'i? Ka'u apa'. n u h u t kew? P e d i y a l e n ~ kew hadja. p a p i k u k a r g a n u n d i y a t ; ~ ' sapew jip. Piye sukeykun d u k k a r g a k u n ? Duwa'i k u h i tiyanggi. P a k i t e h a n u n hedolanun. A n t a g k u ngeddo' kulat d u k k u l u n ~ i t h e v ~

YAKAN

DIRECTIONS Go straight ahead. Turn right a t the corner. Turn left after the bridge. Are you going inland? 5. No. I a m going toward the sea. 6. She is upstairs but her mother is downstairs. 7. The house behind the mosque is my uncle's 8. Climb up. Come down.. 9. Stop a t the corner. 10 I will get off here. 11. The canoe left in a westerly direction.

1. 2. 3. 4.

PILIPINO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Lumakad na kayo nang tuloy-tuloy. Kumanan kayo sa kanto. Kumaliwl kayo pagkalampas ng tulay. Papasok ba kayo sa loob? Hindi, pupunta ako sa dagat. Siya ay nasa itaas, a n g nanay niya ay nasa babi. 7. Ang bahay na nasa likbd ng moski a y sa aking tiyo. 8. Umakyat kayo. B u m a b l kayo. 9. HumintB sa kanto. 10. Bababi ako rito. 11. Pupunta sa kanluran ang bangkii.

CHAVACANO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Anda derecho. Ese birada, na lao derecha alli bira. Acabar el puente, bira na isquierda. Ay anda ba tu na monte? Hende, a y anda yo para na mar. Talla l e na arriba'y casa, per0 s u nana taqui abajo. Di mi tio 'quel casa detras del mosque. 8. Subi arriba. Abaja. 9. P a r a alli na birada. 10. Aqui lang yo. 11. El vinta ya sale para na oeste.

SINAMA 1. Anuwi sadja ka ni dehuwannu. 2. Pagabut dugu inan pabeklo' k a ni kowan. 3. Puwas taytayan ilu, pabeklo' ka ni gibang. 4. Patukad k a kaleya? 5. Ngga'i ka. palud aku. 6. Wa'i iya rnariyata', bo' ina'na wa'i rnareo'. 7. Iya lurna' ma liyu masjid i n i n luma' si'itku. 8. P a s a k a t ka. Pareo' ka. 9. Pahogga'un ma dugu ilu. 10. Minnitu a k u pareo'. 11. Atulak pelang tudju ni s'ddopan.

TAUSUG 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Huntul hadja kaw. Pag'abut pa suligpang biklu' kaw pa tu'u. Paglabay mu dain h a taytayan biklu' kaw pa lawa. Tumukad kaw pa girnba? Di', harap k u pa dagat. Yadtu siya h a ta'au bay sa' in ina' niya ya'un h a baba'. In hay yadtu h a taykud sin masjid, ha arna'un ku. S a k a t kaw. Na'ug kaw. Hundung kaw h a suligpang. Dain d'l a k u rnana'ug. Tirnulak in sakayan h a r a p pa sadlupan.

YAKAN 1. Mentel kew hadja. 2. Pablra kew tudju kanawan. 3. Pabira kew tudju bibangan si dembiya' powente. 4. Padiyata' kew? 5. Durna'in. padiya'ut ku. 6. La'i iye diyata' lurna', sa'inen tu'u diyawa'. 7. Lurna' si dembiya' langgalin, lurna' si'itku. 8. Mana'ik n e kew. Duwa'i kew pitu. 9. Pareheng kew lu'u si pidja iyan. 10. Duwa'i k u tu'u. 11. P a t u l a k beyutuhin tudju seddepan.

WEATHER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.

It's good t h a t it's no lor~ger raining. I t is very hot because it's dry season. It is cold. It i z very windy because there's a typhoon in Luzon. The road is muddy because it's rainy season. I t rained very hard yesterday. The thunder woke me up last night. The sea is rough today. The tide is low now; we will go when it is high. The sea is calm; it's good to travel today.

PILIPINO 1. Mabuti, hind; na tag-ulan. 2. Napakainit dahil sa tag-araw.

3. Malamig! 4. Napakahangin sapagkart may bagyo sa L u s h . 5. Maputik a n g daan s a p a g k a ' t tag-ulan. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Malakas a n g ulan kahapon. Gurnising a n g kul6g sa akin kagabi. Maalon a n g dagat ngayon. Kati ngaybn. paglak1 ng tubig, lalakad tayo. Kalrna a n g dagat. Mabuti a n g maglakbay ngayon.

CHAVACANO 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 5. 9. 10.

Bueno cay hende na t a man ulan. Bien caliente gayot cay soleu. Bien rrio gayot. Fuerte el viento ahora cay tiene tipon pa Luzon. Bien rnalodo g a t el camino cay tienlpo'y ulan. Bier, recio g a t el ulan ayer. Anoche ya hace g a t conmigo desperta el trueno. Fuertt- g a t el marijada este dia. Ara hunas el aplaya; ay anda kita si grande ya el agua. Calma ya ahora el mar; bueno para man viaje..

SINAMA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

A h a p pagka h a l a m na ulan. Apasu' na sal)ah timpu pang'llaw na. P a n g h a g g u t na. Alandos baliyu habat) aniya' badju m a Luzon. Alettak n a I l n s a b a b pangulan na. Alandos ulan di'ilaw. T a b a t i ' a k u he' I'ggon dihuhi'. Agoyak llaw ilu. T'bba na. Subay na alalom ho' k i t a a t u l a k . T'ddo' n a , a h a p n a pagk'tta llaw itu.

TAUSUG 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

M a r a y a w way na ulan. Mapasu' tu'ud s a b a h w a k t u panuga biha'un. Mahaggut. Mahangin tu'ud s a b a b a u n h a d j u h a Luzon. Mapisak in d a n s a b a b w a k t u pangulan biha'un. Matigda' tu'ud in ulan k a h a p u n . Nakabati' a k u kiihi'i sin k u s u g sin dawgdug. Ma'alun in d a g a t adlaw ini. H u n a s n a hiha'un. Subay na ta'uh a m p a kita tumulak Malinaw in d a g a t . Marayaw t u m u l a k adlaw ini.

YAKAN 1. H a p ne pegge' g a ' ne ulan. 2. P a n a s m a n a m a l pegge' u t t a l a ' ne. 3. Haggut! 4. Pales beliyu pegge' h a d j u si Luzon. 5. Pisak m a n a m a l kalsarahin pegge' beytu pengulan. 6. Landes ulanin di'ilew. 7. Takeddut k u we' l u g u n g dibuhi'in. 8. H a d j e goyakin ellew inin. 9. Tehba kuwe'itu. H a p k i t e hang solon. 10. Teddo' tahikin. h a p n r p a t u l a k a n ellrw inin.

LOCAL INFORMATION 1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Where can I buy shells? Where can I get a watch repaired? Where is a dentist? Where is t h e airplane ticket office? Show me t h e way to t h e market. Where is a good restaurant? Is it much further to Sibutu? What days do boats go to Isabela?

PILIPINO 1. S a i n akb maaaring makabili ng kabibi? 2. Saan naroon a n g marunong mag-ayou ng relb.?

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. R.

S a i n naroon a n g dentista? S a a n ang tanggapan ng eroplano? lturo mo sa akin a n g d a a n patungo sa palengke. S a a n ang mabuting restaurant? Malayo pa ba sa Sibutu? Anong araw may biyahe a n g bapor sa Isabela?

CHAVACANO 1. Donde yo puede compra marisco para adorno? 2. Donde puede cornpone mi relo? 3. Donde el dentista? 4. Donde t a compra ticket para aeroplano? 5. Ensefia conmigo el camino para na tiangue. 6. Donde el restaurant bueno? 7. Lejos pa para na Sibutu? 8. Cosa dia el barco ta a n d a na Isabela?

SINAMA 1. Maingga 2. Maingga 3. Maingga 4. Maingga 5. Pandu'in 6. Maingga 7. Ata lagi' 8. Sumiyan

pam'llihanku kulit panagatun? a k u amahap lilus? pagdarutan empon? panga'anku teket ariplano? a k u kono' Ian tudju ni tabu'?. kaddayan a h a p ? kita min Sibutu'? aniya' kappal peh8' ni Isabela?

TAUSUG 1. Ha'unu a k u makabi pa'is panagatun? 2. Ha'unu a k u makaparayaw sin lilus k u ? 3. Ha'unu in dintis? 4. Ha'unu in upis pagbihan tikit h a plane? 5. Ha'unu in d a n pa tabu'? 6. Ha'unu in marayaw pagka'unan? 7. Malayu' pa pa Sibutu'? 8. Ku'nu in kappal tumulak madtu pa Isabela?

YAKAN Antag ku melli kuwit seso'? Antag pagpahatulan delosin? Antag dentisin (pagdoktolan impenin)? Antag opisina pagpabellihan tikket ariplanuhin? Pana'anun ku ko' lah h a p tiyanggihin. Antag kaddayan mahapin? Tala pe Sibutu'in? 8. Ellew ine niya' lansa h a p Pasangen?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

TIME TELLING

THE TIME

1. What time does this bus leave.? 2. Nine in t h e morning. 1:00 in the afternoon a t 2:30 PM a t 414.5 P M 3. What is the time? 4. How much longer before we leave? 5. You're late: the ship h a s gone.

PILIPINO PAGSASABI NG ORAS 1. Anbng oras aalis a n g bus na ito? 2. Alas nuebe nang urnaga. Ala-una nang hapon. Alas-dos medya nang hapon. Alas kuwatro kuwarenta'y singko nang hapon. 3. Anbng oras na? 4. Hanggang k a i l i n pa tayo a a l / s ? 5. ~ u l ina kayi)! Urnalis na a n g bafir!

CHAVACANO QUECHURA HABLA E L HORA 1. Cosa hora ay sale este bus? 2. A las nueve del dia A la una del tarde A las dos y media del tarde A las cuatro cuarenta'y cinco del tarde 3. Que hora ya? 4. Hasta que hora pa, despues sale? 5. Atrasao ya t u ; y a sale el barco.

ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

DAYS OF THE WEEK

MGA ARAW SA SANLINGGO Linggo Lunes Martes Miyerkules Huwehes Biyernes Sabado

DIAS DEL SEMANA

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

72

Domingo Lunes Martes Miercoles Hueves Viernes Sabado

SINAMA 1. Lisag pila atulak buslaen itu? 2. Lisag siyam subu. Lisag duwa maka tonga' kohap. Lisag mpat maka m p a t p t maka lima minit kohap. 3. Lisag pila n a ? 4. At'ggol gi' ampa kita a t u l a k ? 5. Atarasaw kam. Wa'i na kappal.

TAUSUG 1. Lisag pila mig in t a r a k ini? 2. Lisag siyam sin mahina'at. Lisag hambu'uk mahapun. Lisag duwa iban tunga' sin mahapun. Lisag upat iban ka'patan taglima minit sin mahapun. 3. Lisng pila n a ? 4. Malugay na ampa kita tumulak? 5. Natarasaw kaw. Timulak na in kappal.

YAKAN 1. Sumiyan palalga buslain inin? 2. Lisag siyam salung. Lisag dembuwa' kohap. Lisag duwe duk tenga' kohap. Kulang sempuk lime minutu lisag lime. 3. Lisag piye? 4. Sa'ingge tiggelnen maki palalga? 5. Tarasaw kew. Patulak ne kappalin.

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAK AN

Ahad Isnin Salasa Alba'a Hammis Juma'at Sabtu'

Ahad Isnin Salasa Alba'a Hamis Juma'at Sabtu'

Ahad Isnin Salasa Alaba'a Hammis Juma'at Sabtu'

'

continued

TIME

Continued

IIAP AND NIGHT

TIME OF DAY OR NIGHT

day:night todayitonight yesterdayllast night ton~orrowitornormw night clay before yesterday 1 1 1 ~ hl tw l o r ~.vcsteriliiy y eaterday afternoon

twilight late a t night midnight dawn n1o1~1 i ny nvon afternoon sunset

PILIPINO ARAW AT GABI

ORAS SA ARAW AT

arawigabj n g a y h ' n g a y b n gab; k a hapon/kagabi t,ukirs/bukas nang gab; k~~~~i;iki~Iirw;i kamakalawa nang gabi kahapun nang hapon

takip-silim gabi hatinggab; madaljng-araw umaga tanghal; hapon paglubog ng araw

GAB^

CHAVACANO DIA Y NOCHE

HORA DEL DIA 0 DEL NOCHE

dialnoche este diaAuego de noche ayerlanoche nlaiianalmaiiana de noche a n t e ayer a n t e anoche ayer tarde

t a cerra el tarde bien de noche ya gayot media noche mad rug ada aga media dia tarde sumida del sol

SINAMA Ilawlsangom llaw itulsangom itu di'ilawldibuhi' salunglsalung sangom bahangi di'ilaw bahangi dibuhi' di'ilaw kohap

abay kohap lalom bahangi tonga' bahangi dai' llaw subu ugtu llaw kohap pas'ddop llaw

TAUSUG adlaw/dum adlaw inildum ini kahapunkabi'i kunsum/kunsirm d i m ta'kisa kahapun dam kahapun mahapun

kup na malauni dun1 tunga' durn lapit adlaw niahina'at ugtu suga mahapun sadlup suga

YAKAN ellewlsangem kuwe'itu. ma'inlnina' di'ilewldibuhi' sumulsumu sangem dibehengine ley dibehengi-sengemne ley di'ilew kohap

magalib lalenl ne hahangi tenga' bahangi subu-subu salung lettu kohap seddep ellew

Continued

TIME

Continued

PERIOD O F TIME one 24 hour period one week one month one year day time night time

WITHIN A DAY earlier this morning IIOW

later this afternoon in a short time

PILIPINO PANAHON NG ORAS s a lo6b ng i d n g a r a w

SA LOOB NG ISANG ARAW kan~na kaninang umaga ngayon din mamayiing hapon sandal;

isang linggo isang buwan isang taon araw gabi

CHAVACANO PERIODA D E TIEMPO dia un semana u n mes un aiio didia d e noche

DENTRO DE UN DIA mas temprano este manana, enantes aga ahora un poco tarde un ratito

ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

OTHER EXPRESSIONS O F TIME someday everyday last year this year next year this afternoon

PANANALITA

OTRO MAGA EXPRESSIONES DEL TIEMPO algun dia todo'l dia del a60 pasao este aiio el a a o que viene este tarde

PANAHON balang a r a w araw-araw n w n g isang taon sa taong it0 sa isang taon ngayon hapon

MUSLIM DAILY TIMES OF PRAYER The observance of five daily times of prayer is one of t h e five pillars of Islam. For Sulu Muslims these times also serve a s a way of dividing UP t h e day, and in Sinama dialects from Siasi southwards t h e word for t h e dawn Prayer has come mean

76

the whole period from dawn until noon. D~~~ (5:00-6:00 a.m.) N . 1.00 ~ ~p.m) Early afternmn ( id afternoon (about 3:00 p.m.) sunset (after 6.00 p.m.) Evening (after 7.00 p.m.)

SINAMA dang'llaw darnbahangi dapitu' darnbulan dantahun w a k t u llaw w a k t u sangom

insini' su1,u s l buwattina'an g a n a . g a n a kohap pas6ng-song

TAUSUG hangka hangka hangka hangka adlaw durn

ka'ina mahina'at yan biha'un g a n a - g a n a niahapun hangkarai'

durn h a n g k a adlaw pitu bulan tahun

YAKAN ensini' ensini' siilung kuwe'itu k c h a p n l ~ y a ' a n ,g a n a - g a n a kohap ga'i d u tiggel

d a m bahangi d e sirnana dern bulan den t a h u n ellew sangern

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAKAN

d a k a y u ' llaw Ilaw-llaw t a h u n palabay t a h u n itu t a h u n pasong kohap inan

a u n d a adlaw/adlaw duga'ing adlaw adlaw t a h u n lirnabay ya'un t a h u n ini t a h u n d u m a t u n g ini rnahapun ini

ellew seddi k a h a b a ' ellew, ellew-ellew t a h u n miya'an t a h u n inin t a h u n dernbuwa' kohap inin

Subu Luhul Asa l MagribIMagalih Aisa

Subu Luhur Asar MagribIMagalib Aysa

Subu Luhul Asal Magrib Eisa

COUNTING ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

CARDINAL NUMBERS PAMILANG NA PATAKARAN

MAGA NUMEROS

12-

isi dalawi tatlb spat linii

uno dos tres cuatro cinco

anim pitb walb siyirn sampC

seis siete ocho nueve dies

la bjng.isi labindalawa labintatlo labhg-apat labinlirna

once doce trece catorce quince

labing-anin, labinlpito 1abh-q- walb labisiyam dalawampQ

dies y seis dies y siete dies y ocho dies y nueve veinte

dalawarnpu't isa dalawampu't d a l a w i tatlumpO apatnapC IimampG

veinte uno veinte dos treinta cuarenta cincuenta

animnapt piturnpQ walurnpb siyamnapC isang d a a n

sesenta setenta ochenta noventa ciento

34-

5-

6-

-I

8-

910-

1112131415-

SINAMA

TAUSUG

issaldakay u' duwa t'llu mpat lima

'

nnom pitu' walu' siyarn sangpu' sangpu' sangpb' sangpa' sangpu' sangpu'

niaka rnaka maka niaka maka

sangpii' m a k a sangpu' m a k a sangpir' m a k a sangpu' m a k a duwanipu'

YAKAN

isa duwa tu upat linia

issa'ide~iil)uwa' duwe tellu anlpat linie

ununi pitu walu siyani hangpu'

enneni pitu' walu' siyani senipu'

ssa duwa t'llu ri~pat linia

hangpu' hangpu' hangpu' hangpu' hangpu'

nnoni pitu' walu' siyani

hangpu' t a g ' u n u n ~ hangpu' t a g p i t u h a n g p a ' tagwalu hangpu' tagsiyam kawha'an

tag'isa tagduwa tagtu tag'upat taglinia

duwanipu' m a k a ssa d u w a m p u ' m a k a duwa t'llumpu' mpatpu' limampu'

kawha'an tag'isa kawha'an t a g d u w a katluwan ka'patan kai'nian

nnompu' pitumpu' walunipu' siyanlpu' dahatus

ka'nunian kapituwan kawaluwan kasiyanian hanggatus

senipuk senipuk senipuk sempuk senipuk

den~ljuwa' duwe tellu an~pat lime

senipuk enneni henipuk pitu' selnpuk walu' s e n ~ p u k siyani duwenipu'

.

duwenipuk denihuwa' d u w e n ~ p u k duwe tellumpu' ampatpu' limenipu' ennempu' pitun~pu' walnn~pu' siyanipu' da hatus

COUNTING

Continued

PILIPINO ising daan a t lima isang d a i n a t lirnampfi isang daan a t pituinpu't l i m i dalawang d a i n isiing lib0

CHAVACANO ciento y cincu ciento cincuenta cierito setenta'y cinco do. clentos nlil

ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

ORDINAL NUMBERS

PAMILANG NA PANUNURAN

NUMEROS ORDINALES

first second third fourth

una ikalawa ikatlo ikaapat

primero segundo tercero cuarto

FREQUENCY

KADALASAN

CUANTO VECES

once twice often seldom always sometimes

minsan makalawa malimit bihira palagi kung minsan

una vez dos veces muchas veces ralo lang siempre tiene vez

FRACTIONS

HATING-RILANG

MAGA PARTICION

one one one one

kalahati katlo kapat kalima

media tercer parte cuatro parte quinta parte

half third fourth fifth

SINAMA dahatus maka lima dahatus maka l i n ~ a m p u ' dahatus maka pitumpo' maka lima duwa hatus dangibu

TAUSUG hanggatus ihar? lima hanggatus kai'man hanggatus kapituwan taglima duwanggatus hangibu

YAKAN da hatus duk lime da h a t u s duk limempa' da hatus duk pitumpuk lime duwe hatus de n g ~ b u

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAKAN

kaissa karuwa kat'llu kampat

naka'una hikaruwa hikatu hika'upat

ke'issa' keduwe ketellu ka'arnpat

min t'dda min duwa min hekalmaumu lahang sakahaba' waktu bang pasan

makaminsan makaruwa makamata'ud mahang daran masuhul.

mintedde minduwe daran ga'i daran luwal bang petekka

santonga' bahagi' t'llu bahagi' mpat bahagi' lima

hangtunga' hangka bahagi' sin t o hangka bahagi' sin upat hangka bahagi' sin lima

tenga' bahagi' tellu bahagi' a m p a t bahagi' lime

81

MONEY AND MEASURES ENGLISH

PILIPINO

CHAVACANO

P1.20

one gram

EL LARGOR k i n g pulyada,'dali

isang sentimetro

one arnl length two lathoms

SINAMA

TAUSUG

YAKAN

sangpu' sin duwanipu' sin danibila' pilak d a k a y u ' pilak

hangp"' sin kawha'an sin hambu'uk lupiya harnbu'uk oilak

sernpu' sin peseta dembila' deni1)uwa' pilak

d a k a y u ' niaka duwanipu' d a k a y u ' niaka danibila' linia pilak

~ a n i b u ' u kkawha'an .u lupiyalhanibu'uk hansipak inia pilak

?nnern peseta iceduwe denibila' iinie pilak

d a g u h i t tinibangan dakilu

h a n g k a grani h a n g k a kilu

d e kilu

dalitru dagalon

h a n g k a litir hangka g a l u n

d e litru da galun

dainsis dasukuran datape' dayarda dar~ieto

hangka hangka hangka hangka hangka

d e pulgara

dabatu dah'kka danibila' d a k a n duwand'ppa

hambu'uk b a t u hangdangaw tunga' dupa duwang dupa

insi' aintimitir siki yard niituru

-

-

d e piyes d e yalda de metro d e kilometro dan dangew den1 bus lengngen duwen deppe

INTRODUCTION TO VOCABULARY One of the guidelines followed in compiling this vocabulary was to keep it simple, choosing single word equivalents wherever possible. As a result. since the words of two languages rarely match exactly in meaning, the words given are only close approximations of the English, and fine distinctions have been ignored. The vocabulary is inadequate in size, too, and some word you really want to know is probably not listed, but you will have fun discovering such words for yourself from a native speaker. IIere now is a key to the abbreviations used, and an explanation of the way the vocabulary is set out: C. Chavacano n. noun P. Pilipino S. Sinama T. Tausug v. verb Y. Yakan The languages are listed in the same order as in the phrase section; i.e. English; Pilipino; Chavacano; Sinama; Tausug; Yakan. Entries of different languages are separated by a semi-colon. Within a language two words are sometimes listed, separated by a slash. These two words have similar meanings, or, as in the case of the Pilipino entries. a simple and a compound form of the same word. The Sinama entry is sometimes more complex. Siasi Sinama (a central dialect) is the basis for the vocabulary. with words from other districts added where there are important differences. and separated from other entries by a comma. The Siasi word is listed first, with a word from other districts listed second. Where three words are listed the first is Siasi

Sinama, the second Bangingi (northern), the third Sibutu (southern), as in the following example: hungry.. . . ; S. lingantu, haddon, ngilantu; . . . . . . . . Verbs and adjectives in Philippine languages (Chavacano is an exception) are made up of a root word plus affixes attached to either end. The Pilipino entries in the vocabulary have some affixes already attached, but the Sinama, Tausug and Yakan entries are mostly simple roots. One Tausug example will help to show why only root forms have been entered, and convince you that this book is no place to bring up the whole complicated subject of roots and affixes. The Tausug root for 'buy' is bi (an accidental similarity). It occurs in various combinations in the following sentences (the root or what is still visible of it is underlined): Unu in Ghun mu? 'What are you going to buy?' M a m i aku ista'. 'I am buying some fish.' PaGha aku sukal. 'Sell me (let me buy) some sugar.' Way sin ku hipam; 'I have no money to buy with.'

One rule that you can learn and make use of is that ma- is added to adjectives in Tausug, a- to adjectives in Siasi Sinama. When you want to use a verb from the vocabulary ask someone to give you the correct combination of root and affix.

VOCABULARY A

abduct P. a g a w i n : C. r a p t a : S. dakop. sagop: T. g u v u d ; Y. ~lahihan about P. tunykl,l s i . C. pot- c a u s a ; S. pahal. T. pasal; Y. :,abab natitaktrt; C. tiene afraid P. miedo; S. t a w . T. buga'. Y. tinaicw a f t e r P. payhatapo?. C dr.spueb d e , S. puwas. T. puwaslubus; Y. puwas afternoon r' hapon; C. t a r d e ; S. kohap. k o n ~ o h a p . T. n ~ a h a p u n ; Y. kohap airplane P. rroplano: C. aeroplano; 5. r p n . T a r i p l a n u ; Y. iir1pI;inu airport P. paliparan. C. landing; S. landing. T landing; Y. palandingan all P. lahdt: C. todo. S. kamemon. kahemon; T. k a t a n ; Y. kemon almost P. halos: C. cerca ya: S. a r a i ' / a r a k / a p i t ; T. a p i t ; Y. a r a k alone P . n a g - i i i : C. solo; S. d a n g a n - d a n g a n ; T. isa-isa; Y. dendangan also P. pati/din: C. t a n ~ e n ;S. isab; T. iaab; Y. isab a l w a y s P. palag/; C. siernpre/pirmi; S. sakahaba'lsaumul-urnul, T. s a d j a . Y. luwal ammunition P. hala: C. arnunicion; S.p u n ~ l u 'T. . punglu': Y.punglu': a n d P . a t . C. y/pati; S. m a k a ; T. iban; Y. duk. bu angry P. galit; C. rabiao. S. astol; s'ngngot. dole': T. a s t u l l a m a ; Y. astel

animal P. ha>(!)). ('. a n i m a l . S. h a v o p / ' s a t t ~ ~ w a .T. hay up. Y. ha yep a n t P. g u y a n ) . C. nubay; 5. h'lllrl~ut; T. hananl. Y. sananl appearance P. lilukhi. C. forma. hichura. S. luwa. Iowa; T. dagbus. Y. 1)antuk ask (question) P. ~ t a n v n g : C. pregunta. S. tilaw. T. a s u b u : Y. tilew a s k for P. h ~ n g i : C. pidi; S. amu'.paku. T. pa ngayu'. Y. paku authority P. kapi~nyyarihan. C autoridad: S . k a p a t u t i k a w a s a . T. k a p a t u t a n ; Y. k a p a t u t a x e P. palakvl. C. a c h a ; S k a p s . T. k a p a ; Y. kapa

B bad p, nlasanli; C, S, la.at; T. m a n g ~ ;y, la.at ~ ~ p, d R a di y a w : ~ C. ~ ~ ~ ~ S, ~ p~a l a o u l/ Sanla J e n y e n g ; T. Badjaw1

sanla

L ~ ~ y, ~L * ~~ ~ ~ ; b a m b o o P . k a w a y a n : C catia; S. p.ttung, b".. T. palung; Y. batakan bandit P . tulisin. C. tulihanl ,,,,,,,duhin; n l u n d u ; T. nlundu~l,l,nK~a~i,nRpan; Y. mundu bargain v. P. tunlawad; C. rebaja; balOh/jawall; T , baus; Y. ,

s,

nlales

~

bark v . P . tahbl: C. ladra: S. tanghul. 'ngunla: T. tanghul; Y. ngunla basin P. palanggana; C. palangana; S. undam. banggan: T. pastan; Y. palanggana bathe P. n ~ a l i g b ;C. baRa: S. pandi; T. paygu'; Y. n ~ a n d i beautiful P. n ~ a g a n d i ;C. bonito: S. l i n g k a t l n i a n i s , j a n t i ' : T. n ~ a l i n g k a t :Y. hhp' because P. sapagka't: C. cay: S. sabab; T. sabah; Y. pegge' become P. n ~ a g i n g ; C. queda; S. n ~ a n j a r i ,n ~ i n j a r i ;T. nianjari; Y. n~anjari C. bedroom P. ailid-tulugan; cuarto; S. bilik, patulihaz; T. bilik; Y. bilik believe P. n ~ a n i w a l i ; C. Cree; S. halaplkahagad, mahagad; T. kahagadlparachaya; Y. kahagad betel nut P. 1)unga; C. bonga; S. pola, mama'; T. bunga; Y. lugus between P. sa pagitan; C. entremedio; S. ma Ilot, ma sillangan; T. ha a t ; Y. ellet big P. nlalak;; C. grande; S. heya. mehe; T. dakula'; Y. hadje C. pajaro; bird P. ibon; S. m a n u k - n i a n u k ; T. m a n u k - n ~ a n u k ; Y. m a n u k - n ~ a n u k bite P . k a g i t ; C. niorde; S. keket; T. k u t k u t ; Y. kekkeb bitter P. nlapajt; C. mapait; S. pa'it; T. pa'it; Y. pa'it black P. itim; C. negro; S. ettom; T. itum; Y. ittem blade P. t a l i n ~ ;C. pilo; S. solab; T. sulah; Y. n ~ a t a bessi

blanket P. kumot; C. m a n t a ; S. hus/nlanta/'siyagibetfo~~: T. habul. Y. manta blind P . b u l i g ; C. 11ulag; S. buta. T. buta; Y. peasek blood P. dugo: C. sangre: S. laha': T. dugu'; Y. laha' blow P. hihip. C. bupla: S. tiyup: T. huyup; Y. tihup blue P. bughiw: C. asul; S. bilu; T. hilu; Y. bilu b o a t P . b a n g k i ; C. baroto; S. bangkalpelang. be'anan. lepa; T. bangka' Y. bangka'ibeyutu boil n. P , pigsti: C. pustenla; S. kalibubut/bautut. baha'; T. bawtut; Y. keybubut borrow P. hirani; C. presta; S. i n d a n ~ ;T. bus; Y. ngindam bottle P. botelya; C. botella. S. kassa'. T. kacha'; 'i. kilssa' box P . kahGn: C. cajon; S. tu'ung; T. tu'ung; Y. kahun branch P . s a n g i : C. ranla; S. sanga. penga; T. sanga. Y. pange bracelet P. pulseras; C. pulcera; S. gallang; T. gallang; Y. pallang brass P. t a n d ; C. cobre: S. tumbaga; T. t u n ~ b a g a : Y. tumbaga brave P. niatapang; C. valiente; S. e s o g h a h a n i ; T. ihug; Y. hahani b r e a d P . tinapay. C. pan; S. tinapay; T. tinapay; Y. pan break in two P. hatiin; C. hace dos pedaso; S. punp. h'kka'. hopo'; T. bali'; Y. polong breath P. hiningi. C. resuello; S. napas; T. napas; Y. napas breathe P. hun~ingii; C. resulla; S.

n;lpas; T. nlitgnapaa; Y. magnapas broad P. nlalawak. C. anchu. S. luh:~/l;in~l)u.luhah; T. l a k b a n g ; T . luha burn P. hunugin. C. querna; S. t u n u ' : T. hunup; Y. e g g a s bury P , ilibing. C. e n t e r r a ; S. k u b u l ; T. n ~ n g k u h u l : Y. kubul but P nguni't; ('. pero; S. s a g w a ' ; T si~gwa'lsa'. Y. ~ e g u w a ' l s u b c y i ' I211

button P. hutonrs; C. hoton; S. t a m b u k u ; T t a m b u k u Y. tipey buy F'. huniili; C. conlpra: S . h'lli; T , bl: Y. helli by P, sa tat);; C. por: S. e'. ele': T. h a da'ig: Y. we'

c a k e P keyk; C. manlon: S. n l a m u n ; T. nlamun; Y. m a m u n call P. tawag; C. Ilanla; S. l i n g a n l ingan; T. t a w a g ; Y. lingan c a n P. l a t a ; C. l a t a : S. m i t a l ; T. m i t a l - m i t a l ; Y. nlital c a n d y P. kendi; C. candyldulce; S. kende; T. kindi; Y. kendi capsize P. taoh; C. baliscat; S. p a k k o m h u h a w ; T. lu'nud Y. buhew capture P. dakjp; C. coje; S. saggaw, sagop; T. s a g g a w ; Y. siggew carabao P. k a l a b i w ; C. carabao; S. kalbaw; T. kahaw, Y. k a b e w c a r e for P. a l a g a a n ; C. cuida; S. ipatlayad; T. i p a t ; Y. i p a t carry P. dala/dalhin; C. c a r g a ; S. bowa: T. d a ; Y. ho'o

carry in hand P. bitbit; C. hit b i t ; S, benten: T. t a y a k : Y. birnbit kahung karton; C. carton P. c a r t o n , S. lahl)an; T. labban; Y. kahun cat P. p u s i ; C. g a t o ; S. kuting, nieong T. k u t i n g ; Y. nieyong catch P. h u l i h ~ n : . c u j i ; S. saggawlsakkop; T. tabukl s a n ~ h u t . Y. puwa' cause P. dahilPn: C. c a u s a ; S. s a b a b a n . T. salmb; Y. jan certain P. t i y i k ; C. a s e g u r a . S. t a n t u ; T. t a n t u : Y. b u g t u ' chair P. silya: C. silla; S. slya! paningko'an. T. siya; T. siya charcoal P. uling. C. carbon; S. Jtuling, along; T. buling: Y. alengikalbun cheap P. niura; C. harato; S. luhay: T. luhay; Y. niura chest (box) P. b a ~ i l ; C. b a - u l ; S. ba'ul; T. ba'ul Y. ba'ul c h e w betel P. ngumanga: C. masca. S. n l a n ~ a ' ;T. m a m a ' : Y. upa' chicken P. rnanok; C. manok: S. m a n u k ; T. m a n u k ; Y. m a n u k bata; C. bata; S. c h i l d P. onde'lanak; T. bata'-bata'; Y.nakanak Chinese P. ~ n t s i k ; C. Chino; S. L a n n a n g ; T. L a n n a n g ; Y. Sina' choose P. pili; C. escoje; S . pene'; T. pi; Y. pene' church P. simbahan; C. iglesia; S. simbahanllanggal; T. l a n g g a l l sirnbahan; Y. langgallsimbahan cigarette P. sigarilyo; C. cigarillo; S. sigalsigopan; T. siga; Y. sigupan

city P. l u n g d ; C. ciudad: S. lungsudfda'ira. da'ila;' T. da'ira; Y. puweblo clear P. maliwanag; C. claro; S. sawait'llak; T. masawa; Y. sahaya close v P. saralsarhan; C. cerra; S . tambol; T. tambul; Y. tabu' cloth P. damit; C. tela; S. kakana'l s'mmek; T. kakana'; Y. tela cloud P. ulap; C. escurana; S . gabunftai' baliyu; T. gabun; Y. inalaklgabun cockroach P. ipis, C. cucuracha; S. kamahung; T. ku'uk; Y. tayabas coconut husk P. bunot; C. bonotel buang; S. bunut, banut; T. bunut; Y. bunut coconut milk P. gata; C. gata; S. gata'; T. gata'; Y. gata' coconut palm P. puno ng niyog; C. coco; S. niyug, soka'; T. niyug; Y. lahing coconut shell P. bao; C. paya; S. peya'; T. ugab; Y. ubag coconut (ripe) P. niyog; C. laya; S. lahing; T. lahing; Y. lahing laya' buko; C. coconut (young) P. butung; S. botong. .soka'; . T. butung; Y. beteng coffee P. kap6; C. cape; S. kahawa; T. kahawa; Y. kahawa cold P. rnalamig; C. frio; S. haggutfdinginlt'nne; T. haggut; Y. haggut comb P. suklay; C. peine; S . aurqy, nudlay; T. sudlay; Y. sugley come out P. l u n ~ a b a s ;C. sale; S. paluwa'; T. ~ u w a ' ; Y. guwa' mandal command P. utos; C.

ordena; S. soho'; T. da'ak; Y. da'ak continue P. tuloy; C. continua; S. lanjal; T. lanjal; Y. palanjall pala'us cook P. magluto; C. cusi; S . b'lla; T. lutu'; Y. bellalusik cookie P. biskuwit; C. biscuit; S . bang-bang; T. bang-bang; Y. bang-bang correct P.t a m a ; C. amo; S . bontoll taluwa'ltauwa'; T. a m u ; Y. tu'un cotton P. bulak; C. algodon; S. gapas, kapas; T. gapas; Y. gapas cough P. ubo: C. tone; S. kohol; T. ubu; Y. hiket count P. bilang; C. conta; S., itung; T. itung; Y. itung cow P. baka; C. vaca: S. sap;'; T. sapi'; Y. sapi' crocodile P. buaya; C. cayum::n. S. buwaya; T. bu'aya: Y. buwaye crooked P. baluktot; C. tiku; S . bengkok: T. hingkuk; Y. bingkok cry P. iyak; C. Ilora; S . tangis; T. tangis; Y. taring c u p P. tasa; C. tasa; S. sawan; T. sawan; Y. tikung custom P. ugali; C. costumbre, S. addat; T. addat: Y. addat cut v. P. putulin; C. corta; S. kehetlhik; T. utud; Y. kehet

dark P. madiljm; C. oscuro; S. l'ddomflendom; T. tigidlum; Y. lindem

deaf P. bingi; C. bungul; S. bisu; suluglpakay; T. n~agbadju'; Y. T. bisu; Y. bisu asek sernrnek debt P . utang; C. d e k ; S. utang; drip P. patak; C. tulu; S. p'ttak; T. T. utang; Y. utang tu'; Y. nlettak deceive P. dayain; C. engafia; S. drop P. hulog; C. cay; S. hugi akkal; T. akkal; Y. ngakkal pakpak, labu'; T. hulug; Y. deep P. rnalalinl; C. hondo: S. duddag ialom, lam; T. Iaum; Y. lalern drown P. nlalunod; C. lumus; S. defecate P. d u m u n ~ ~ l r n a n a b i h a n ; lernbo; T. lu'mus; Y. lanlbo ('. caga; S. sungi'; T. intau'; Y. drunk P. lasing; C. borracho; S. sungi' lango; T. hi!u; Y. lango descend P. buniabi; C. a b a j a ; S. dry P. tuyb; C. seco; S. toho'; T. pareyo'; T. na'ug; Y. durul tahay; Y. toho' despise P. hamakin; C. desprecia: durable P. matibay; C. durable; S. S. udju'; T. udju'; Y. udji' pagon; T. karndus; Y. pagen die P. niamatay: C. muri; S. dust P. alikabbk; C. polvos de matay; T. matay; Y. matey tierra; S. bagunbun: T. different P. iba; C. diferente; S. bagunbun; Y. begumbun saddihidda'; T. duga'ing; Y. seddi difficult P. niahirap: C. dificil; S. hunit; T. hunit; Y. hunit each P, bawa't isa; C. cada; dish (bowl) P. niangkbk; C. tason; S. kaniya-kaniya; S. pinggan; T. pinggan; Y. T. kaniya-kaniya; pinggan Y. dangan-dangan divorceP. nlaghiwalay; C. earring P. aretes; C. aretes; S. divorcio; S. timan; T. bugit; Y. a r e t e ~ h a n g l s u r n b a n ~T. ; bang; timan Y. durnelo dog P. aso. C. perro; S. ero'; T. east P. silangan; C. este; S. iru'; Y. asu sobanganlmata Ilaw; T. don't P . huwag; C. no; S. da'a; T. subangan; Y. silangan ayaw; Y. da'a easy P. madel;; C. facil; S. luhay; doorway P. pintuan; C. entrada; S. T. luhay; Y. nlura bowa' lawang; T. lawang: Y. edge P. kumain tab;; C. canto; S. gawang bihing; T. higad: Y. higad dream P. pangarap: C. suefio; S. egg P . itlbg; C. huevos, S. nt'llo; uppi; T. taga-inup; y. teginep iklug; T. iklug, Y. pugad dress n. P. darnit; C. carnisa; S. Egyptian P Egyptian; C. Egipcio; bistirulpakayan; T. bistida; Y. S. a'a Misil. T. ta'u Misir; Y. bistiru a ' a Misil dress v. P . bihisan; C. visti; S.

elope P. magtanan: C. sigui hui; S. lahildakop, magpole'; T. dakup; Y. maglahi endure P. makatagal'; C. sufril a g u a n t a ; S. sandalltatas; T. t a t a s ; Y. sandal engine P. makina; C. maquina: S. malkina: T. niakina; Y. niakina na; C. enough P. husto1tan;a bastantehueto; S. sarane: T. sarang; Y. warang entirely P. l a h a t ; C. enteramente; S. lullunltiggan; T. k a t a n ; Y. lunglun enter P. puniaaok; C. entra; S. pareoni/pas6d; T. sud; Y. pa'asek even, even if P. kahit n a ; C. niasquin; S. n ~ i n s a n ;T. minsan; Y. bisan except P. miliban: C. pr:ro hende: S. saddi minlluwal: T. luwal Y. bukut excuse me P. niakikiraan ng& p6: C. dispensa; S. tabiya': T. tabiya';Y. tebiya' expert P. dalubhasa; C. bien sabe; S. panday; T. ingatlpanday; Y. pandey expensive P. niahalagi; C. bien caro; S. hunit: T. halga'; Y. hunit

fall P. mahu!og; C. cayltuniba; S. hug, labu'; T. hulug; Y. labo' far P. nialayo; C. lejos: S. lawakl t a ; T. layu'; Y. tala fare P. pletelhayad; C. pasaje; S. sukay; T. sukay: Y. sukey

fast v P. hulasiybn; C. ayuna; S. puwasa: T. biakay; Y. puwase gordo; S. fat P. m a t a b t ; C. I'nimok: T. tanibuk; Y. lemmek feeling P. damdaniin: C. sentido: S. palasahan; T. kanananian; Y. lessa fell v. p. patumbahin; C. corta: S. puwad: T. pila': Y. tebbeng fence P. bakod; C. corral; S. ad/ sasak; T. ad; Y. birang few P. i l a n k a u n t i ; C. poco: S. kulang; T. kulang; Y. kulang find P. makita; C. encontra; S. puwa',t'nlniu; T. bak; Y. kesuwa' finished P. tapbs: C. y ; ~acaba: S. katislubus; T. ubus; Y. ubus fire P. apby: C. fuego: S. api: T. kayu; Y. ebhut fish P. isdt: C. pescao: S. daing: T. ista'; Y. kenna fishhook P. kawil; C. bingit; S. p'ssi; T. bingit: Y. pessi flat P. patag; C. tanipat; S. d a t a g l pantay. lapad: T. patag; Y. datag floor P. sahig; C. sajik; S. lantay; T. lantay; Y. kapan flour P. harina; C. harina; S. tirigultapung; T. tirigu; Y. tirigu flower P. bulaklak; C. flores: S. sumping; T. sumping; Y. sumping fly n P. langaw; C. nioscas; S. langaw, pekot; T. pikut; Y. langew fly v P . lumipad; C. bula; S. leyang; T. lupad; Y. palayang fold P. tiklupin; C. dubla; S. lupi'. I'ppi'; T. lupi': Y. leppi'

follow P. s u n ~ u n o d ; C. >igui: S. turul; T. urul; Y. turul forbid P. hawal; C. prohibi; S. lanp. tagga; T. ISng; Y. pages/ nlages f a i m t P. guhal; C. monte; S. talun: T. g l ~ l n i ~ g a nY. aulangan forge! P. na!imutan; C. olvida; S. takalipat. T. lupa; Y. takeypat fork P. tinidbr; C. tenedor; S. tinedol, tugsuk; T. tugsuk: Y. tenerol fragrant P. mabang6; C. oloroso; S. hamut, b ' n g n g ~ . T. h a m u t : Y. bengngi friend P. kaibigan; C. amigo; S. bagaylsehe'; T. bagay; Y. bagay from P. galing sa: C. de: S. mini T. dain; Y. amban fry P. prito: C. fri; S. landang-landang; T. landang-landang; Y. buwang , frying pan P. kawali; C. carajay; S. kaha'; T. kaha'; Y. kaha' fruit P, prutas; C. fruta; S. buwa' kayu, buwa'-buwa'; T. bungang kahuy; Y. buwa' full P. punb; C. lleno; S. p'nno'; T. hipu'; Y. penno'

gather P. tipunin; C. recoje; S. timukltipun; T. tipun; Y. tipun get reody P. hands; C. prepara; S. sakap; T. sakap: Y. rnemes get P. k u h a k u n i n ; C. saca; S. nga'i k'llo', ng'ddo'; T. knwa'; Y. eddo' give P. bigayhigyan; C. dale; S. buwan; T. dihil; Y. urung go across P. tumawid; C. travesa; S. lintas; T. untas: Y. abuta as

around F. l u n ~ i b o t ; C. Inan libut; S. libut; T. libut. Y. palibut go out P. lurnablis. C. anda apuera; S. pcluwasipaluwa', T. guwa'; Y. paluwas goat P. kambing; C. carnbing; S. karnl~ing; T. kambing; Y. kambing God P. D i y k ; C. Dios. S. T u h a n ; T. Tuhan; Y. Tuhan gold P. gintb; C. oro; S. bulawan; T. buiawan; Y. bulawan good P. niabuti; C. bueno; S. hap; T. dayaw; Y. h&p grass P. dam6; C. zacate; S. parang; T. parang; Y. belili grate v. P. kayod; G rala; S. li'isl jangat; T. li'is; Y. li'is grave P. Iihingan; C. supultura; S. kubul; T. kubul; Y. hubul green P. luntian; C. verde; S. gaddung; T. gaddung; Y. gaddung grill v P. ihaw; C. asa; S. tapa; T. tapa; Y. tape grind P. gilingin; C. mole; S. giling; T. giling; Y. giling gun P. baril; C. pusil; S. sinapang; T. sinapang; Y. sinapang go

hair cut P. pagup/t; C. corta pelo; S. gunting; T. gunting; Y . kulti C. bend!e P. hawakan/puluhan; mango. S. puhan. a; T. puhan Y. u, pangantanan hang P. ibitin; C. halaylculga; S. gantung; T. gantung; Y. bowet happy P. ~ n a s a y i l r n a l i g a y a ; C. '

alegre; S . kinogan. sigak; T. kug; Y. sinna hard P. matigas; C. duro; S . tuwas, k'llas; T. tugas; Y. tuwas C. hardship P. kahirapan; S. tiksa'; T. tormento; kasigpitankatiksa'an; Y. tiksa' hard-working P. masipag; C. trabajador; S . tebotltuyu'; T. rnatuyu' maghinang; Y. pages harvest P. ani; C. cosecha; S. a n i l k'ttu'; T. ani; Y. pagani hat P. somhrero; C. sombrero; S. saruk; T. saruk; Y. saruk hate P. galit; C. odia; S. b'nsi, bunsi. s'ngngil; T. bunsi; Y. bunsi. head P. ulo; C. cabeza; S. kok; T. u; Y. kak hear P. makinig; C. oi; S. kale: T. dungug: Y. kale heaven P. langit; C. cielo; S . sulga'; T. sulga'; Y. sulga' heavy P. mabigat; C. pesao; S. buhat; T. bu'gat; Y. bohat hell P. impiyerno; C. infiernu; s. nalka'; T. narka'; Y. narka' help P. tulong; C1 ayuda; S. tabang; T. tabang; Y. tabang here P. dito; C. aqui; S. maitu. mitu; T. di; Y. tu'u hide P. tagb; C. esconde; S. tapuk; T. tapuk; Y. tapuk hit the mark p, .tinamk,nasalpbk; C. tupa; S. taluwa'ltauwa'; T. kugdan; Y. teyuwa' hold P. hawakan; C. agarrs; S. n t a n l balut; T. kurnpit; Y. antan hole P. butas C. agujero; S . lowangkehe, psllong; T, lungag; Y. lowang

horse P. kabayo; C. caballo; S kura'; T. kura'; Y. kura' hot P. mainit; C. caliente; S. pasu'. panas; T. pasu'; Y. panas house P. bahay; C. casa; S . luma': T. bay; Y. luma' hungry P. gutom; C. con hambre; S. lingantu, haddon, ngilantu; T. hapdi'; Y. inusan

I if P. kung; C. si; S. bang; T. bang; Y. bang P, pag-;kip: C. inteligencia; S. akkalipamikil;

T. akkal; Y. akkal immediately P. enseguidas;

S.

C.

dayunl sa'uti

saru'un-du'unltuwi; T. n ~ a g t u y ; Y. magtawuu inject ?. iniksiyon; C. pose ineccion; S. tugsuk; T. t u g s ~ k ; Y. tugsuk instruct P. turuan; C. an.%i\:,; S. pandue; T.hindu,; v, tb, invite p. anyaya; C. invita; S. pstapll; T.ta,abbit; Y,batik iron P. palantsa; C , ?lsncha; S, pilir~sahen; T. pi!insahan; Y. palansa iron (steel) P. baka!; C. hicrro; S. bas'', b'ssl; T. bitsi'; Y. basi' Isabela P. Issbela; C. Isabel*; S. Pasangan; T. Isabela; Y. Pasangen island P. pulB C. isla, S . pidnusa;

T'

Y. ~ ' j '

itch P. kati; C. msquina; S . IratoI; T. katul; Y. katel

-

japaneee P. Hapbn; C. Hapon; S. Jipun; T. Jipun; Y. Hapon joke v. P. biro; C. broma; S. l a t a ; T. langug; Y. lola' Jolo P. Holo; C. Jolo; S. Suk; T. s a g ; Y. s u k Jolo City P. Lungs6d ng Holo; C. Jolo City; S. Tiyanggi Suk; T. Tiyanggi; Y. Suk joy P. tuwii; C. alegrialgoso; S. kdgllami; T. kag; Y. keg judge v. P. huwes/hukom; C. jusga; S. hukum; T. huwis; Y. hukum

keep P. tago; C. guarda; S. tau', tagu'; T. tau'; Y. enna' key P. susi; C. llave; S. kunsi'; T. kunsi'; Y. kunsi' kick P. sipa; C. patia; S. sipa'; T. sipa'; Y. sipa' kill p. patayin; C. mata; S. bono'; T. bunu'; Y. m a p a t e y h n o ' kind of P. klase; C. clase; S. ginis; T. ginis; Y. bayu' kitchen P. kusina; C. cusina; S. kusina; T. kusina; Y. kusina kampit; C. knife (emall) P. cuchillo; S. pisawllaring; T. laring; Y. om' knife P. gulok; C. bolo; S. bari'; T. utak; Y. bessi

lamp P. ilaw; C. lampara; palita'an; T. palita'an: peyita'an

S.

Y.

laugh P. tawa; C. re; S. tittowa; T. katawa; Y. saye launder P. laballabhan; C. lava; S. dakdak, popo'; T. dakdak; Y. dekdak law P. batas; C. ley; S. sara'; T. sara'; Y. sara' leaf P. dahon; C. ojas; S. daun; T. dahun; Y. dawen leak v. P. t u b ; C. tulu; S. mman; T. tas; Y. lessu' learn P. matuto; C. aprende; S. anad; T. anad: Y. aya leave behind P. naiwan: C. deja; S. bba. I'bba; T. bin; Y. inambanan1 ta'amban left hand P. kaliwa; C. mano izquierda; S. gibang; T. lawa; Y. bibang left over P. tira; C. sobra; S, kapin; T. kapin; Y. lebbi lend P. pahiram; C. dale presta: S. T. h i b a s ; Y. paindam; me'indamlmagpa'indam lid P. takip; C. tapadera; S. turunglsa'ob; T. sa'ub; Y. lekkeb bulaan; C. lie (deceive) P. embustera; S. puting, dusta'; T. puting; Y. dusta' lie down P. h u m i g l ; C. acusta; S. lege; T. kulang; Y. pabak C. light (weight) P. magaan; libiano; S. lampung; T. maga'an; Y. lampung !ight (bright) P. maliwanag; C. luz; S. sawa, t'llak; T. masawa; Y. danta' lightning P. kidlat; C. kirlat; S. lat, kilat, T. kilet; Y. lalat like P. katulad; C. quiero; S. buwatlsali'. bete'; T. biya'. Y. kuwe'

little P. malijtkaunti; C. diutay; S. diki'-diki; T: anak-anak; Y. diki' little piece P. kapiraso; C. diutay pedaso; S. dangkuri'; T. hangka' tiyu'; Y. ku'ahat living room P. salas; C. salas; S. salas; T. salas; Y. data' luma' load v. P. ikarga; C. pone carga; S. duwa'; T. luwan; Y. duwa' lock n. P. kandado; C. candao; S. kandaru; T. kandaru; Y. bagat lonely P. mapanglaw; C. triste; S. lingas-lingas, susa-susa; T. lammalmagtumtum; Y. gindew long P. mahaba; C. largo; S. taha'; T. haba'; Y. taha' long ago P. malaon; C. de antes pa; S. awal jaman; T. timpu naka'una; Y. metu'uhin look for P. hanap; C. busca; S. piha; T. lawag;, Y. piha look at P. turningin; C. mira; S. nda'; T. atud; Y. payam loose P. maluwag; C. halugti; S. loka; T. haluy; Y. lokahadje lose something P. mawall; C. perde; S. lungayflopas; T. 1awa.i Y. lepas louse P. kuto; C. kutu; S. kutu; T. kutu; Y. kutu love P. pag-ibiglpagmarnahal; C. ama; S. lam; T. lasa; Y. lass luck P. kapalaran; C. suerte; S. sukud; T. sukud; Y. hap sukud

M man P. lalaki; C. hombre; S. I'lla; T. usug; Y. lella sangkatauhan; C. mankind P. S. m a n u s i y a ' ; T. gente; mzinusiya'; Y. rnanusiya'

many P. m a r a n ~ i ; C. mucho; S. heka; T. ta'ud; Y. ekka market P. palengke; C. tiangue; S. tabu'; T. tabu'; Y. tiyanggi met P. banig; C. petate; S. tepo; T. baluy; Y. tap0 matches P. posporo; C . posporo; S. bagid; T. bagid; Y. bagid maybe P. marahil; C. siguro; S. kalu-kalulmarai'; T. marai'; Y. hatu measure P. sukat; C. midi; S. sukudlganta'; T. sukud; Y. sukud medicine P. gamot; C. medicina; S. tambal; T. ubat; Y. tambal meet P. salubong; C. encuentro; S. bziklsampang; T. bzik; Y. sampang middle P. g i t n l ; C. medio; S. tsngngav; T. gi*tungan; y . tengnga* milk p. C. lethe; S. gatas T. gatas; Y. gatas mistake n. P. malj; C. equiboca/ kamali; S. sB'; T. sa'; Y. sala' mix P. haluin; C. mescla; S. lamud; T . lamugay; Y.saget monkey P. matsing; C. chongo; S. kuyyae; T. y. kuya* moon P. buwan; C. luna; S. bulan; T. bulan; Y. bulan more P. higitflalb; C. mas; S. labi; T. g a n a p ~ a b i ; y. peang/labi mortar (rice) P. l u ~ n g C. ; piLon; S, linsungan; T. lusung; Y. lindungan mosque P. moski; C. mosque; S. rnasjidllanggal; T. m a s j i d l langgal; Y. langgal moequito P. lam6k; C. namuk; S. hama'; T. hilam; Y. kernmut

95

mountain P. bundbk; C. monte; S. bud. bullud; T. bud; Y. punu mud P. putik: C. lodo; S. pisak; T. pisak; Y. pisak mute P. pip,; C. apii; S. umaw; T. umaw; Y. umew must P. kailangan; C. tiene que; S. subayiwajib; T. subaylwajib: Y. subey

narrow P. rnakipot; C. diutay; S. kiput; T. sigpit; Y. kiput nation P. bansa; C. nacion; S. bangsa; T. bangsa; Y. bangsa nauseated P. nalulula; C. t a m a n hilap; S. lango; T. hilu; Y. lango necklace P. kuwintas; C. cadenita; S. gantung li'ug, engkot k'llong; T. gantung li'ug; Y. g a n t u n g li'ug needle P. karayom; C. aguja; S. jalurn; T. jaurn; Y. dalum new P. bago; C. nuevo; S. baha'u; T. ba'gu; Y. ba'ahu noisy P. rnaingay; C. alboroto; S. sagawlhibuk; T. hibuk; Y. hidjul no, not P. hind;; C. hende; S. mbal, ngga'i; T. di'; Y. ga'i none P . wala; C. nuay; S. h a l a m l nsa', rnbal niya'; T. way; Y. ga'niya' not s o P. hind; gaano; C. hende tanto; S. ngga'i kaldurna'in, sikeiya; T. bukun; Y. durna'in now P. ngayon: C. aralahora; S. buwattina'an, bete' na'an; T. biha'un; Y. kuwe'itu

oil (cooking) P. langjs; C. aceite: S. ns'llan lahing; T. lana; Y. isellan old (people) P. rnatandi; C. viejo; S. to'a; T. rna'as; Y. bahi' old (things) P. luma; C. da-an: S. ndang; T. da'an; Y. andang or P. o: C. o; S. atawa; T. a t a w a ; Y. atawa orange colour P. dalandan; C. salmon; S. kulit; T. kulit; Y. kunit other P. iba; C. otro; S. dakayu'; T. hambu'uk1duga:ing; Y. seddi owner P. may-ari; C. duefio; S. tagdapu; T. tagdapu; Y. dapu'

paddle n. P. sagwan; C. saguan; S. busay; T. bugsay; Y. busey painful P. masakjt; C. duele; S. p'ddi'; T. sakit; Y. peddi' paper P. papel; C. papel; S. k a t a s l papel; T. katas; Y. k a t a s paper sack P. supot; C. suput; S. suput; T. suput; Y. suput pass by P. dumaan; C. pasa; S. labay; T. lumabay; Y. labey path P. d a a n ; C. pasada: S. Ian; T. dan; Y. Ian pay P. upa; C. paga; S. bayad; T. bayad; Y. bayed p e a n u t a p . man;; C. man;; S. batung; T. batung; Y. rnani peel v P. balatan; C. casca; L. kupas; T. pa'isan; Y. kupad pepper (red) P. sili; C. caturnbal; S. lara; T. lara; Y. sili pen P. pen; C. bolpenlplurna; S. bolpen; T. bulpin; Y. bolpen

pencil P. lapis; C. lapis; S. pinail; T. pinsil; Y. pinsil C. permitted P . paliintulutan; permitido; S. patugut: T. dulan; Y. kuhi person P. tao; C. gentelpersona; S. a'a; T. ta'u; Y. a'a pestle P. halo; C. halo; S. hallu; T. ha'lu; Y. hellu picture P. larawan; C. retrato; S. patta'; T. patta'; Y. patta' pig P. baboy; C. puerco; S. bawil bB', kusa'; T. babuy; Y. bawi pile n. P. bunton; C. turnpuk; S. tumpuk; T. turnpuk; Y. tumpuk pillow P. unan; C. almojada; S. u'an; T. u'an; Y. u'an pity P. habag; C. lastirna; S. ase'; T. lu'uy; Y. ase' place n. P. lugar; C. lugar; S. l a h a t ; T. hula'; Y. l a h a t plan v. P. rnagbalak; C. plania; S. isun; T. isun; Y. isun plank P. tabla; C. tabla; S. papan, timbaw; T. digpi'; Y. papan plant v. P. itanirn; C. sembra; S. tanorn; T. tanum; Y. tanem plant n. P. tanirn; C. siembra; S. tinanomljarnbangan; T. jarnbangan; Y. jambangan plastic bag P. bag na silopin; C. suput d e plastic; S. tilag-tilagl T. tilag-tilag; Y. salopen; selopen plate P. pinggan; C. plato; S. lai', lalay; T. lay: Y. laley play P. lar6 C. juga; S. oilgka'; T. panayarn; Y. dagey plough P. araro; C. a r a ; S. araru; T. a r a r u h a d j a ' ; Y. badja' poor P. mahirap; C. pobre; S. miskin; T. miskin; Y. miskin

possible P. rnatiari; C. puede; S. maknjari; T. rnakajari; Y. rnakajari post P. haligi; C. poste; S. hag, tunggul; T. haglusuk; Y. olorn. pot P. palayok; C. caldero; S. kalderoll'ppo'; T. anglit; Y. kaldero pound v. P. bayuhin; C. pila; S. t'ppa; T. bayu; Y. bayu praise v. P. purihin; C. alaba; S. s a n g l i t h a n t u g ; T. sanglit; Y. sanglitlpudji pregnant P. buntis; C. prifiada; S. b'ttong; T. burus; Y. betteng pressure lantern P . h a s a g ; C. petromax; S. kulaet; T. kulait; Y. kulait profit P. pakinabang; C. ganancia; S. untung; T. untung; Y. untung provieions P. baon; C. necesidad; S. palutu', balun; T. lutu'l balanja'; Y. lutu' pull P. hilahin; C. h i l a h a l a ; S. hella', harnbsw; T. utunghilla'; Y. onot purple P. lila; C. granate; S. taluk; T. taluk; Y. taluk push P. itulak; C. ritnpuja; S. tud/ t d a k , duddul; T. tudltulak; Y. luntudls6ngad put P. ilagay, C. pone; S. pat'nna'; T. butang; Y. bettrtd put in P. ipasok; C. pone adentro; S. isi; T. lu'un; Y. isi

q u a r r e l P . away; C. pelea; S. payodflugat, sasa'; T. kalu; Y.

quick P. n ~ a d a l \ l n ~ a b i l i C. s ; pronto1 lijero; S. I'kkaslsamot; T. s a p a t ; Y. lakkes

R race (people) P. lahi; C. raza; S. bangsa: T. bangsa; Y. bangsa rain P. uliin; C. ulan; S. ulan; T. ulan; Y. ulan rainbow p. balangiw; C. srco; S. salindugu', andalaho', g a n t a l ; T. bangaw; Y. birarali rat P. d a g i ; C. raton; S. ambaw, babaw; T, ambaw; y. mellek rattan p. u w i y ; C. ratan; S. buway; T, y, buwey reach p, C, alcansa; S, abut; T. abut; Y. umabut read P. basahin; C. lee; S. bassa; T. bacha; Y. batsa really P. t a l a g i ; C. deveras; S. b'nnallpah8p; T. tu'ud; Y. tered receive P. t a n g g i p ; C. recibi; S. tainla'; T. tayma'; Y. teyimaV/ sangka red P. pula; C. colorao; S. keyat, peyat; T. pula; Y. peyat redeem P. tub6s; C. rescata; S. I'kkat; T. lukat; Y. lekkat regret P. nagsisisi; C. arripinti; S. susun; T. susun; Y. susun religion P. relihiyon; C. religion; S. agama; T. agama; Y. agama remember P. alaala; C. acorda; S. entom; T. turnturn; Y i d a n / esseb remove P. alisin; C. quita; S. lavan; T. ig; Y. anan repair P. kumpunj; C. cornpone; S. pahap; T. dayaw; Y. maghatul repeat P. ulirin; C. ripiti; S. balik; T. baliklisab; Y. balik

98

p,

palitan; S, ganti';

C,

T, gantie; Y,

ganti' reply P. sagot; C. contesta; S. sanibung; T. sarnbung; Y. "ambung rescue P. sagipin; C. salva; S. tabang; T. tabang; Y. timbul rest v. P. rnagpahinga; C. descansa; S. hali; T. hali; Y. hali result P. kinalabasan; C. resuita; S. kanlaujuran; T. baynat; Y. ujud return v. P.bumalik; C. bira; S. balik/ b h ; T.b h ; Y. balik return something P. isaulit; C. devolve; S. nde'/papole'/ttiran; T. hatud; Y. tad P. gumanti; C. 'Jenga; S. balos; T. baus; Y. bales rice (cooked) P. kanin; C. canon; S. buwas kinakan; T. ka'unun; Y. buwas rice (husked) P. bigas; C. arros; S. buwas; T. bugas; Y. buwas rice (unhusked) P. palay; C. palay; S . pay; T. pay; Y. paley rice field P. palayan; C. sementera; S. kapayan, huma palay; T. basakan; Y. basakan rice plant P. palay; C. pono del palay; S. pay; T. pay; Y. paley rich P. mayaman; C. rico; S. dayahan; T. d a y a h a n ; Y. dayahan right hand P. kanan; C, mano derecha; S. kowan. k a n a n ; T. tu'u; Y. kanawan ring (finger) P . s i n g s ~ n g ;C, anillo; S. singsing; T. singsing; Y. ~insim

ripe P. hinog; C. maduro; S. t a h a k ; T. hinug; Y. laya' river P. ilog; C. rio; S. sapa'. sowang; T. sapa'; Y. bohe' rock P. bato; C. piedrn; S. batubunsu'; T. batu; Y. batu roof P. bubbng; C. techo: S. atop/ sapaw; T. atup; Y. sapew roo1 P. ugat: C. reib; S. gamut. ulagat; T. g a m u t ; Y. ganiut rotate P. uniikot: C. bira bira; S. bulibud; T. ligut; Y. buwibud r o t t e n P . bulok; C. buluk; S. buhuk; T. halu'; Y. buhuk rough P. magaspang; C. macasap; S. kasap; T. kasap; Y. kasap round P. bilog; C. redondo; S. tibulung, tibu'uk; T. tibulung; Y. likung run P. takbo; C. corre; S. d a g a n l lahi-lahi. lillahi; T. dagan; Y. ubas

sack P. sako; C. saku; S. k a r u t ; T. karut; Y. k a r u t sad P. malungkot; C. triste; S. susa; T. 4usa; Y. suse salary P. suweldo; C. sueldo; S. gadji; T. gadji; Y. suweldolgadji salt P. a s h ; C. sal; S. aain, timus; T. asin; Y. asin Samal P. Samal; C. Samal; S. S a m a ; T. ta'u Samal; Y. Sarna same P. magkatulad: C. igual; S. sali'; T. sali'lsibu'; Y. sali' sand P. buhangin; C. a r e n a ; .S. gusung, ungus; T. buhangin; Y. umus sandals P. sandalyas; C. sandalln; S. sinelas; T. sinilas; Y. sinelas

satisfied P. bus6g; C. satisfecho; S. asso. I'sso; T. kansuban; Y. keduhulan s a w (tool) P. lagari. C. sierra; S. gatgat. gaugari'; T. k a t k a t ; Y. kekehet s a y P. sabihin; C. habla; S. yuk. mong; paba'; T. agilla'ungliyan; Y. pa'in school P. paaralan: C. escuela; S. iskul; T. iskul; Y. iskulan scissors P. gunting; C. tijeras; S. gunting; T. gunting; Y. gunting scold P. kagalitan; C. regafia; S. pabukag, pandole'; T. a m a ; Y. am8 scratch P. kamutin; C. rasca; S. kakkot, kakkayo; T. kamas; Y. kukut sea P. d a g a t ; C. mar; S. t a h i k l dilaut; T. d a g a t ; Y. tahik see P. makita; C. mira; S. nda'; T. kita'; Y. kite seed P. buto; C. sirnilla; S. biai; T. bigi; Y. bigi sell P. magbili; C. vende; S. pab'!lil dagang; T. dagang; Y. pebellil dagang send P. magpadala; C. manda; S. pabeya'; T. par&; Y. pasan eoparate P. hiwalay; C. separa; S. pasaddi; T. kandi; Y.s a p ' s e w P. tahiin: C. cusi; S , la'itltahi'. osso'; T. tahi'; Y. la'it shadow P. anino; C. w m b r a ; S. lambung, hang; T. lambung; Y. lingew shame P. h i y l ; C. h!iya/verguenza; S. iyn'; T. sipug; Y. iya' s h a r e P . bahsgi; C. parti; S. bahagi'; T. bahagi'; Y. bahagi'

. ,

.

sharpen P. i h a s i ; C. arnula; S. asa', T. hasa'lha'it: Y. asa' shells P. sigaykabibi. C. rnarisco; S. kullt panagatun. kulit T. pa'is t'hba-t'bbahan; panagatun. Y. kuwit seso' ship P. bapbr; C. barco; S. kappal. T. 'nappal; T. kappal shirt P. karnlsadentro; C. camiuadentroiinterior. S. badju'; T. badju'; Y badju' shoes P. sapatos; C. sapatos; S. taurnpa'. T. taumpa'; Y. tehompa' shoot v. P. barilin; C. tira; S. timhak; T. timbak; Y. timbak short (person) P. rnaikl;; C. pandak; S. pandak; T. pandak; Y. pandak short (thing) P. rnaikli; C. corto; S. pu'ut. pondok; T. hawpu'; Y. pandak shout P. sigaw; C. grita; S. olang; T. ulak; Y. lingan silver P. plata; C. plata; S. pilak; T. pilak; Y. pilak sin P. kasalanan; C. pecado; S. dusa; T. dusa; Y. duse side P. tabi; C. lao; S. bihing; T. kid; Y. seddi C. desde; S. since P. m u l l ; sa'angay. somo; T. pagka; Y. kernuwe sing P. awit; C. c a n t a ; S. kalang; T. kalang; Y. kanta skin P. balat; C. pellejo; S. kulit; T. pa'is; Y. kuwit skirt P. palda; C. falda; S. exkertl saya; T. iskirtlsaya, Y. palda skirt (native) P. tap;. C. tapis; S. hbslsiyag. T. tadjung/habul; Y. 0s

slaughter P. pataytn; C. m a t a : S surnbali': T. surnbai'. Y. sunibali' sleep P. matulug. C. durmi; S. tull; T. tGg; P. tuli slippery P. madulas: C. malanduk; S. lu'ud. T. landug: Y. lareg slow P. niarshan; C. n1ahin:ay; S. lallay. larnhat; T. lallayilurning; Y. lonlboy small P. rnaliit; C. diutay; S. diki'l nahut; T. .asibi'; Y. nahut!diki' small piece P. kapiraso; C. diutay pedaso; S. dangkuri'; T ,hangka tiyu'; Y. ku'ahat smash P. durugin; C. machaca; S. p'ssa'; T. pusat: Y. pessa' smell bed P. rnahaho; C. hiedelnial olor; S. hauwan; T. hahu'; Y. beyuwan smile ngiti; C. sonri; S. kiyurn. kinum-kinum; T. uyum; Y. iyern smoke n. P. usbk; C. hurno; S. humbu; T. a s u ; Y. untbu smooth P. kinis; C. liso; 8. lanu'; T. lanu'; Y. lanu' snake P. ahas; C. culebra; S. sowa; T. has; Y. sawe s o that P. upang; C. para; S. supaya, bo'; T. supaya; Y. supayalduk soap P. sab0n; C. jabon; S. sabun: T. ~ a b u n ;Y. sabun socks P. medyas; C. calsitin; S. kalsitin, rnidjas; T. rnidjas; Y. kalsitin soft P. malarnhbt; C. blando; S. lunuk. Iarnrna'; T. lunuk; Y. lunuk soil P. lupa; C. tierra; S. tana'; T. lupa'; Y. bulak

some P. ilan; C. pocolcuanto bilog; S. kasehe'an; T. ka'ibanan: Y. sinduwe s o u l P . kaluluwi; C. alma; S. nyawa; T. nyawa; Y. niyawa sound P. tunog; C. sonido; S. lling; T. tingug; Y. helling soup P. sabaw; C. caldo; S. loho'; T. sabaw; Y. loho' sour P. maasim; C. agrio; S.l'ssom1 assom, kesom; T. aslum; Y. lessem source P. pinagmulan; C. donde t a sale; S. po'on; T. pu'un; Y. po'on my sauce P. toyo; C. tauyu; S. ta'uyu; T. tawyu; Y. tahuyu speak P. magsaliti; C. habla; S. llinglmi~nglbisala; T. bichara; Y. bissa spider P. gagamba; C. law& S. kabombongllawa'; T. lawa'; Y. koko' spill P. ibubb; C. derrama; S. bu'us. bobos; T. asag; Y. bu'us spit P. l u r i ; C. escupi; S. ludja'; T. lura'; Y. lura' spoon P. kutsara; C. cuchara; S. suru';. T. SUTU';Y. suru' squeeze P. pig&; C. puga; S. p'ssil p'gga', p'ssit; T. puga'; Y. pessel stairs P. hagdanan; C. escalera; S. haron; T. hagdan; Y, haren stand v. P. tumay8; C. para; S. t'ngge, pantaw; T. tindug; Y. tengge star P. b i t u h ; C. estrellas; S. bitu'unlmamahi; T. bitu'un; Y. pote'an startled P. magulat; C. espantaol asustao; S. kuddat/kobla'; T. kubla'; Y. keddut

steal P. magnakaw; C. roba; S. tangkaw; T. takaw; Y. tangkew stomach P. tiyan; C. barriga; S. b'ttong; T. tiyan; Y. betteng stop P. hint8; C. para; S. halil hondongharok; T. hundung; Y. deheng store P. tindahan: C. tienda; S. tinda; T. tinda; Y. tinda storm P. bagyo; C. ma1 tien~po;S. b a d j u h u n u s . libut; T. badju; Y. pales beliu stove P. kalanlpugon; C. pogon; S. lapohan; T. dapulan; Y. lepohan straight P. matuwid; C. derecho; S. bontol; T. buntul; Y. bentel stl-etch P. unatin; C. hitad; S. hinit; T. hinit; Y. higtal string P. C. amarro: S. lubid: T. lubid; Y. lubid. strong P. malakas; C. mafuerza: S. kosoghasag, kesog; T. kusug; Y : basag stupid P. tanga; C. stupido; S. dupang; T. dupang; Y. dupang suck (sip) P. sipsipin; C. chupa; S. s'ssop; T. supsup; Y. sessep sugar P. asukal; C. asucar; S. sokal; T . sukal; Y. sokal suitcase P, maleta; C. maleta; S. maleta; T. malita; Y. maleta s u n P. araw; C. sol; S. llaw; T. suga; Y. ellew swallow v. P. Iunukin; C. traga; S. t'llon; T. tiin; Y. loroy sweat n. P. pawis; C. sudor; S. hulas, hongot; T. hulas; Y. songot C. barre; S. sapu; sweep P. T. sapu; Y. pahid sweet P. matamis; C. dulce; S.

rnarnis. longngot; T. lirnu ; Y. thought n. P. isip; C. p n s a m i e n t o ; rnarnis S. pikilan; T. pikllan; Y. pikilan swim P. Iurnarigby; C. nada; F. thread P. sinulid; C. hilo; S. tnnud! langi: T. languy. Y. lanai salban; T. tanud. v. tunglut/ hilu swol!en P. pagi. C. hinchao; S. p'ngkong, ny'tting; T. huhag: Y throw P. ihag!!j; C. tira: S. laruk. baha' hiyak; T. ti!u'; Y. tihag throw away P. itcapon; C. buta; S. timan: T. bugit; Y . l ~ k a s thunder P. kulbg; C. trueno; S. table P. mesa. C. mesa; S. !'~gc'n, guntul; T. daugdug; *i. lamisahan: T. lamisahan: T. iugung lernisnhari tail p. buntbt; C. rabo; S. togci, tie V. P. gapusin; C. a m a r r a ; S. engkot; T. hukui; Y. pekkes! tegol; T. ikug; Y. engko ingket IAII P. matangkid; C. alto; S. tight P. mahigpit; C. apretao; S. lanjang; T. larrjang; Y. langkew sigpit; T. hugut; Y. sigpit Tausug P. Tausog; C. T a u s u c S. sob.;T. T ~ Y, a,a~ ~ tired~ P. p ~a g d ; ~C. cansuo; ; S. binale'. lumu; T. la'ul; Y. tea P. tsa; C. cha; S. ti: T. ti; Y. t i pekkengkinaru' teacher P. gurb; C. nlaestra; S. rnastal, guru; T. rnastal; Y. to P. sa; C. na; S. ni, T. pa; Y. si toilet P. kasilyas; C. escusao; S. mastaliguru pagjamhanan; T. kasilyas; Y. tell P. sabihin; C. a v i s a h a b l a ; S. kasilyas haka. ha'; T. bayta'; Y. a k a P. m a r a p i : C. cayiturnha; S. thank you P. salamat; C. gracias; ~OPDIC h'bba'; T. lubu; Y. hebba' S. rnagsukul; T. magsukul; Y. n~agsukul towel P. tuwalya; C. toalla; S. therefore P. samakatuwid; C. tuwaliya/.iimpaw; T jimpaw; Y. tuwali~a poreso; S. angkan; T. hangkan; tray P. bandeha; C. bandehao; S. Y. hangkan hep thick P. rnakapil; C. grueso; S. talam/lanaguway. tallam; T. talarn; Y. talam kapal; T. dakmul: Y. subuk thin (pereon) P. payit: C. flaco; S. transfer P. lurnipat; C. cambia; S. kayogkagkag. ussuk; T. k a y u g ; ~ i n d a ; T. p i n d a l s a l i n ~ a i n ; Y I i nda Y. kagkag thin (object) P. manipis; C. pino; S. tree P. kahoy: C. p o n o ' ~ ~ a l o ;S. kayu; T. kahuy; Y. kayu nipis; T. nipis; Y. nipis thirsty P. nauuhaw: C. con siquia; tribe P. 1 6 ; C. tribo; S. bangsa, S. toho' k'llong. lariggar.:~; T. T . ~ i h a k :Y. bang= t r ~ u g e r sP. pantalon; C. pantalon, uhaw; Y. lekkakanllikekkan

S. pantalun'sawwal; T. pantalun; Y. sawal true P. totoo; C. d w e r a s ; S. b'nnal; T. bunnal; Y. bennal trust v P. tiwala: C. confia; S. andol; T. pangandul; Y. andel try P. subukin; C. pruba; S. d a y ; T. sulay; Y. suley turn around P. pihit; C. bira; S. pabing; T. magbing; Y. bira turtle P. pawikan; C. turtuga; S. tohonganlp'nnu; T. ~ a ~ u k a Y. n; pennu

u umbrella P. payong; C. payung; S. payung; T. payung; Y. payung unripe p. hilaw; C. hilao; S. rnata'; T. hilaw; Y. rnata' p. hanggang; C. basta; S. sarnpay;T.sarnpay;Y.sarnpay/ taman uproot P. bunutin; C. aranca; S. bubut; T, hublut; Y, beddut p, umihi; C, S. mange*; T. rnangihi*; y. use p, garnitin; C. usa; S. lagi; T. lagilguna; Y. guns

v

walk P. lurnakad; C. camina; S. I'ngngan, lurnan; T. panaw; Y. lengngar, wall P. dingding; C. dindin; S. dinding; T,dingding: y. dinding want P. gust": C. quiere; 8. bilahil bays', rnehelo; T. baya0: Y. baya' warn p. balain; C. amenasa; S. banda', haka: T. banda'; Y. sabit wash (hands etc.) P. hugasan; C. lava; S. kose'; T. hugas; Y. koso' wash clothes P. IabaAabhan: C. lava ropa; S. dakak. p o p ' ; T. dakdak; Y. dekdak (sea) P. C. mamarijada; S. goyak. balumbang; T. alun; Y. goyak water P. tubig; C. agua; S. bohe': T. tubig; Y . b o h e ' weak P. rnahina; C. rnaluya; S. lamma; T. lamma; Y. lamma wealth P. kayarnan; C. riqueza; S. alta'; T. alta'; Y. alata' weave cloth P, humabi; C. teje; S. t'nnun; T. hablun; Y. tennun weave mat P. rnaglala; C. teje: S. anorn; T. anyam; Y. meghinang tapo wed v. .P.kasal; C. casa; S. kawin; T. tiya.un; Y, kawin weeds p, damb; C. zacate; S.

value P. halaga; C. valor; S. h a k a ' ; T. o g h a l g a ' ; Y. h a l e ' vegetable P. gulay; C. gulay; S. sagmot; T. sagbut; Y. sabet sayul; T. sayul; Y. sayul weigh P. timbang; C. pesa; S. viand P. ulam; C. ularn; S. lauk: T. tirnbang; T, bu.gat; Y. tirnbang larnay; Y. la'uk well n. P. balon; C. poso; S. bohe' kali. bohe'; T. kuppung; Y. W kupung wake up P. gising; C. disperta; S. west P. kanluran; C. oeste; S. bati'; T. bati'; Y. ngape s'ddopan; T. sadlupan; Y. seddepan

103

wet P. b a s i ; C. muhao; d. base'; T. 11assa'; Y. hasse' wharf F. pantalriil; C. pantalan: S. j a m h a t a n ; T. j a m b a t a n ; Y. pantalzrl what? P ant>; C cosa: S. ai, aiyan: 1' ' Linu. >- i n r :vhc.r~? r k a ! l i n . I ' cuando. S . s u n ~ i v a n . ' s t i r n i ! a ~ , T, ku'nil Iful!>rz~/ha'~;r! (past]; Y. .su~uiyhn ~ t ~ o r eP.? s a i n ; C. donde; 5. moin:,ga, rnainggnhan; T. ha'in; I' antag:intagiingge while P. s a m a n t a l a ; C. mientras; S. hinahu: T. haba; Y. s a s a n g C hlanco; S. pote'; white F. T, puti': Y. pote' w h o P. sinc~; C. quien; S. sai. >iyan: T. hi siyu; Y. s i n e wide T'. rnalapad; ('. ancho; S. luha. luhas; T. lu'ag; Y. l a d j a b w i d o w P. halo; C. viuda; S. balu; T. haju; Y. halu w i n P. panalo; C. g a n a ; S. anganda'ug. ngahala'; T. da'ug; Y. nganda'ag w i n d n. P. hangin; C. viento; S. baliyu; T. hangin Y. beliu w i n d o w P. b i n t a n i ; C. v e n t a n a ; S. t a n d a w a n ; T. t a n d a w a n ; Y. tendewan wipe P. punas: C. limpia; S. s a p u i pu'us; T. pahid; Y. punas w i t h e r P . l a n t i : C. layung; S. Ianos/k'llos; T. luyluy; Y. lanes w o m a n P. bahae; C. m u j e r ; S. d'nda; T. haba'i; T. dendrwood ?, kahoy; C. tahia/paio: S. k a y u ; T. k a h u y ; Y. k a y u

w o r k P. g a w i ; C. trabajo; S. hinang: T. h i q a n g ; Y. h i n a n g world P. daigdig; C. rnundo: S. dunya: T. d u n y a ; Y. d u n y a w o r m P. u d : C. bulati; S. kalog; T. kalug: Y. lriwati w r a p P. balutin; C . envuelto; S. putus; T putus: Y. p u t u s write P wmi!lat: C. escribi: S. sulat. T. s u l a t ; Y. s u l a t wound 11. P. s u g a t ; C. hirida; S . hakat/;?ali'. T. pali'; Y. b a k s t

Yakan F. Y a k a n ; C. Yakan; S. Samehakan; T. Y a k a n : Y. Yakan yellow P. dilaw: C. amarillo; S. biyaning. baning; T. biyaning; Y. hinaning young P. hati: C. inven; S. :rhata'/ ur~dr' haha'u. anak baha'u: T. bata*: ?'. ba!a'

-

Zamboanga; C. Z a m b o a n g a P. Zamboanga; S. S a m b u w a n g a n ; T. Sambuwangan; Y. Sembuwangan

BUIS !a~~enb Pue lalns BOP 11"s 11106

Peq Ilams asnoq amqs

211!uea Kep 'uns q8nold W.l al!nu! ileyfi MOp8qS l'ahleq (eas 3q3 JO) ~ A B M a,%Ral 'a.\uruai lsnp 1OJ

puaasap

Lode e6s6ue ous

3183

Jaqwaural ayeus 1anpqe Lla7w!parnru! qneal

I7

.sal4u1 e s l!R!q ouldi[!d 4 u nl~lrrsRntuBuaq~.Cvyny XRIU RUOR) R ~ I U411 U'(?B'$IIHSRIB1 R ~ U 4~ I ~ I w R , ? ~ ~RI ?U$O ~ S R~MU UB R U O , ? ~ ~ P I I I Rundn vprraq:u! i r ? sal41rl ou!d![!d R u a ? ! l ~ sn4m 'ifu 011 Y u n q n l R r r y ' ~ s ! ~ Y u ~01) J ~ J O I Uou!d!l!d IoJluon nqM s ~ a y e a d s L ~ ~ l n q n Bu!pasa.td so~ La41 u ~ q h'l!s~a l I qs![Ffu3-0u!d![!d s ! q ~ a y l JO aqn a q l ~ I R ~ ! [ ! ~ R07J p a p u a ~ uc.!~ ~ S I PJOM

fragrant nlat nation coconut sht.11 provision ship g u n , shoot read wet child. young law stone chest forbid each onc pay nlent. fare pound rice, husked heavy

bulaklak bulok bundok bunga bunot bunot buntis bunton buntot busog butas buti botelya but0 butones buwan

flower rotten mountain betel n u t uproot coconut husk pregnant pile n. tail satisfied hole good bottle seed hutton nloon. month

hihis

givr (lrvsh v .

path. pass by

bilang hili bilis hilog hingi bintana biro biskuwit bitbit Sitin bituin buaya bubB bubong bughaw buhangin buko bula bulag bulak

count buy, sell quick round dear window joke cookie carry Ihy h a n d ) han~ star crocodile spill roof blue sand coconut, younl: I l t . (deceit1 blind cotton

daan dagat dahan dahilan dahon daigdig dakip dala dalandin dali dalubhasi damdamin darnit damo dapi daya dilaw dilim din dingding dito

bango banig bansi bao baon bapor baril basa basi bata batas bat6 baul bawal bawa't isa bayad bay0 bigas bigal

bigay

cause

lraf world capture carry orange color short time, easy expert feeling dress n. grass, weeds topple deceive vellow dark also wall here

Diyos dug6 dulas dumumi durog

God blood slippery defecate smash

eroplano

airplane

gaan gagamba galing se gelit gamit gamot ganda

light in weight spider from angry, h a t e use medicine beautiful revenge tie v. rough coconut milk milk grind gold wake up middle startled vegetables knife (bolo) scissors haircut teacher want hungry ant

gapes gaspang gati gatas giling gin16 gising gitnii gulat gulay gulok gunting guph guro gusto

habi habag

long pity

habi hagdanan hagis halaga haligi halo ha10 halos hamak hanip handii hanggang hangin hapon Hapon harina hasa hasag hati hawak hawaktin hayop hig6 higit hiRpit hihip hila hilaw hina hind: hinga hingi hinog hintay hint6 hiriim hirap hiwalay hiyii Holo hugas

weave cloth stairs throw value. expensive post n. pestle mix despise look for get ready until wind afternoon Japanese flour sharpen pressure lantern split. break in two hold hand!r aninial lie down more tight blow v. pull unripe . weak no. not breath, breathe ask for ripe wait borrow, lend difficult, poor separate, divorce shame Jolo wash

hukom hulasivon huli hulog husto huwag huwes

judge f;ist v., g o without food catch toppit,, dl.t)p, fall enough don't jutlge n

ibi ibig ibon ihaw ihi ikot ilan ilaw ilog irnpiyerno iniksiyon init ingay Tntsik ipis isa (mag) isdi isip itim itlog iwan ivak

different, other love I~ird grill v . urinate rotate sorne. few light. lanip rivt.r hell injrct hot nolsy Ch~nesr cockroach alone fish thought n.. black egg leave s.t. hehind

kaban kabavo kabibi kagalitan kagit

chest home shellscold l)~te

kahirapan kahit kahon kahoy kaibigan kailan kailangan kain kalahaw kalan kaliwa kaluluwa kambing kamisadentro kamot karnpit kanan kandado kanin kanlurun kapd kapalaran kspangyarihan kape kapiraso

hartlbhlp even box w t ~ o ~trctb l. friend when ? nlu~t eat carallao stove left ( h a n d ) haul goat shirt scratch knife ~snialll right Ihandl lock n [.ice. cookctl ,i..

we-t

t.hich luck authority rof'frr piece +~~~:~il/little piece karayorn needle karga load v. kartong kahon carton kasal wadding kasalanan sin kasilyas toilet kati itch katulad s a iike kaunti few. a little kawali frying pan kawil fish-hook kayamanan wealth kayawan -banihoo kayod grate \. kendi candy

keyk kidlat kinalabasan kinis kinis kipot kiia klase kuha kumot kung kusina kuto kutsara kuwintas

cake lighting result hear snlooth narrow see kind of get blanket if kitchen louse spoon necklace

laba labas lagar; lahit lagay lah; lakad lakL laki laia lalaki lalim lalo lambot lamig lamok langaw langis langit langoy lanta lapad lapis

launder, wash clothes go out. come o u t saw (tool) all, entifely put. load race (of people) walk strong big weave m a t s nian ' deep more sort cold mosquito fly n. oil (cooking) heaven wither wide pencil

larswan lar6 lasing lata lawak lay6 libing libingan libot ligaya ligo ~iit likod lila limot lipid lipat lipi liwanag lugar lula luma lunod lunok lungkot lungsod Lungsod ng Holo luntian lupa lurl lusong lut0 luwag

picture play drunk can n. broad far bury grave go around happy bathe small. little back violet. purple forget fly v. transfer tribe clear. b r i g h t place nausei~ted old cthingh) drown swallow \. . sad city

maaari maging mahil makikiraan n g l p6

possible becorrie IOV-. expensive

Jolo City green soil spit niortar cuok v. loose

excuse m e

malaon maleta ma]; maliban mikina rnamatay mangkok manabihan n~ani manok marahil marami matsing may-ari medyas mesa moski mukhii mura

suitcase mistake except engine die dish, bowl defecate peanuts chicken n~aybe many niunkey own socks table mosque appearance since, source cheap

nakaw nalimutan natatakot ngayon ngiti ngumanga nguni't nguyl nipis niyog

steal forget afraid now, today smile chew betel but chew thin coconut

nallll

Q

paaralan padala

school send

pagi pagharap pag-iisip pagkatapos pagupit pahinga pahintulot pail pakinabang palagi palako1 palanggana palay palayan palayok palda palengke paliparan palis palit panalo pangarap panglaw pantalan pantalon papel pasok Patag patak patgy pati pawis payong. Pen pigl pigsa pihit pimi

swollen appearance intellect after tired haircut rest v. permission bitter profit always axe basin rice, unhusked rice field pot skirt market airport sweep replace win dream lonely wharf Pa Per enter, put in flat drip kill, slaughter, die also sweat thin umbrella Pen squeeze boil n. turn round source

pinggan pintuan pi pi piraso pisi plantsa plata plete posporo prito prutas pugon pula pul6 pulseras puluhan punas

putik putol

plate, bowl doorway mute piece string iron clothes silver fare matches fry fruit stove red island bracelet handle (knife) wipe full praise cat white mud cut v

relihiyon Rio Hondo

religion Rio Hondo

s a pagitan s a tab1 saan sabiw sabon sagjp sagot

between by where? soup soap rescue reply paddle floor

puri pusa

sakit sako sala salamat salas salitC salpok salubong sama samakatuwid Samal samantala sandalyas sanga sangkatauhan sapagka't sapatos sari sarili saya sigarilyo sigaw sigay silangan sili sili&ulug&n silya simbahan singsing sino sinulid sipa sipag sipsip sisi sombrero subok sugat sukat suklay ' sulat

painful sack sin thank you living room speak hit meet bad therefore Samal while sandals branch mankind because shoes close v. self happy cigarette shout shells east pepper bedroom chair church rinu (for finaer) who? thread kick hard-working suck regret hat try wound measure comb write

sunod sunog suppt susi suweldu

lab5 lab; tagal tago tahi tah61 takbi, lakip takat t"!3KiA

talirn faina

tanan tandi tanga tanggap tangkad taairn tallsir taob tapang tap; tapon tasa tatag Tausog larva tawad tawag

burn p a p r hag

key salary

fat edge, side long time, e n d u r e hrde, keep sew !)ark v run !id s rr;l id really bladr correct. hit the

elope old 'people) stupit1 receive tall plant ask brass capslze brave

skirt ( n a t i v e ) throw away finished cup r'ni

T;Iu~u~ laugh bargair. call u.

tawid tayB tibay tigas tiklop tirnbang tinapag tindahan tingin tinedur tipon lira tiwala tiyik !iyan toton toyi, lubig tubcis tulah tulisan tulb tulcas

tulong t5110y tungko! s a tunog turo tuto tuw5 tuwalya tuwid tuyn

ub6 ugali ugat uhaw

grt across stand durahlc* hard (surf:~ce) fold

weigh

\]read store Icmk a t fork gather left over t r u s t , believe certain tru*! sauce water rrdeem push t>ai:d!t ;(I:.

!t.dh

4eep he!p cnntlnucabout sound n. teach, inz;tricct learn J'JV

towel stra~ght dry

cough

thirst viand

ulan ulap uling ulit ulo unan unet uod

ueok utang utos uway

rain cloud charcoal repeat, return head pillow stretch worm Pay so that smoke debt command rattan

none. lose 8.t.

Yakan rich, wealth

Z Zamboanga

Zamboanga

SUGGESTED READING BRUNO. Juanito A. 1973. T h e Social World of the Tausug. Centro Escolar University. Research and Development Center. Capitol Publishing House. Inc. Manila. HASSAN, Irene. Nurhaden Halud. Seymour and Lois Ashley. 1975. Tausug-English Dictionary. Coordinated Investigation of Sulu Culture arrd the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Manila. MAJUL, Cesar Adib. 1973. Muslims in the Philippines. Published for the Asian Center by the University of the Philippines Press. Quezon City. OROSA. Sixto Y. 1923. The Sulu Archipelago and its People. World Book Company. Yonkers-on-Hudson, New York. Republished 1970 in the Philippines. SALEEBY. Najeeb M. 1908. The history of Sulu. Bureau of Science. Division of Ethnology Publications, vol. IV, part I. Manila. Bureau of Public Printing. Reprinted 1963, Manila.

INDEX .hrr!quc:nc:y .

of

t3xprt:ssions Fruits (list). riaggag?~t>o).s (1 -5) . . 6:! f30,1t tr;lvc:l In-10) . . . (in !jock p ; ~ ~ t(11.it). s . . . 33

. 62 Bus o r I I ' ( ~ ~tr;~\,f:l.. , Buyin!; fish. . . . . . . . . . 60

Ci~iciini~ln u m b e r s . . . . 7tI Carry in:: of t);tpg;tgc~ (7 -5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f 2 (:ommantis (6.7.10.11) . C;c~mplirnctnts. . . . . . . 28 (:c,tlnting . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 Courteous t?xpressions . . . . . . . . 28 Cultural a n d historical . . . . . . . . . . I Days of t h e w e e k . . . 72 Direct address tcrms 38 Dirc:ctions . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Rating

. . . . . . . . . . . .

Farnil!, information . . F;imil>. terms . . . . . . Fish huying . . . . . . . . I. ootls (list). . . . . . . . . Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . -7

54

38 46 60 51; 80

t,r:i:,

. . . . . . .

........

I10 56

C:rrlc:tings a n & rrisponses.. . . . . . . . . 76 I-1istoric:al : ~ n d cultural . . . . . . . . . . . I

Jtrcp o r bus travt:l. . . 64

Kinship tclrms

.....

46

Leave taking . . . . . . . . 26 Length m e a s u r e s . . . . . I(;! Loca! information. . . . 1 0 Meal-time expressions . . . . . . . . Measurements . . . . . . . Meats (list). . . . . . . . . . Medical inform,ltinn . Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muslim prayr,r timc,s

53 I12

58 42 tl2 -6

Numbers . . . . . . . . - 7 8 Occupation (8.9) . . . . . 36 Ordinal numbers. . . . . 80 Overland travel. . . . . . 64

Personal information . 36 Personal relationships 46 Picture . request to take (10) . . . . . . . 28 Pilipino-English equivalents . . . . . . . .105 Place information . . . . 40 Porters (1-5). . . . . . . . . 62 Prayer times for Muslims . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . 17-24 Pronunciation information . . . . . . . . 12 Question words (22-27) . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Reading List . . . . . . . . .114 Relatives (Kinship). . . 46 Requests (14.29.30). . . 32 Residence . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Responses to greetings . . . . . . . . . . 26 Sea travel (8-10) . . . . Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . Sickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speaking . . . . . . . . . . . .

68 60 42 56

Telling time . . . . . . . . . 72 Time words . . . . . . . . . 74 Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Useful expressions . . . 30

Vegetables (list) . . . . Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . Volumtc measurement Water travel (8-10) . . Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . Weight measurement "Whert:" sentt?nc:t:s (1-4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Writing expressions . .