Yahoo Final Thesis!

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction

Child Abuse is a universal problem that needs more attention from the government and from the people. In Philippines, Child Maltreatment has been  practiced a long time ago. Before there are no laws protecting the children from various form of abuses. In the times when the Philippines was not yet colonized  by the Spanish, this kind of abuses in the children are practiced by the different tribes, in which later on became their own culture. Such practice like sacrificing their children only to please their Deities and give them a good year. However  this kind of practiced was not only practiced in the Philippines. This practice is actually started during ancient time especially in the Rome and Greek time. It was  just passed by the people that migrate and an d discover the island of the Philippines. During the Ancient time, they were treat their children as their property. The father who is the head of the family has the authority and rights to do whatever he wants to do in his children. He can sell, kill, maims and sacrifice his own children. This children that usually sacrificed by their parents are usually  born deformed, weak, disabled or any reason that can be considered as unfit to live. There was a Roman writer who first recorded a rape case of a seven years old girl witnessed

by a line

of clapping

wome omen

he was Petronius

(http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/history.html). Pagan in Roman Empire went so far as to kill their children as religious sacrifices to their gods. According to Plutarch, the Catharginians, “offered their own children and those who had no children would buy little ones from poor people and cut their throats as if they were so many lambs of young birds; meanwhile the mothers stood by without a tear or moan. However not all religious group during middle ages are fascinated

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in prac practi tici cing ng infa infant ntic icid ide; e; the the Roma Roman n Cath Cathol olic ic oppos opposee this this kind kind of act act and and discourage

their

followers

to

practice

infanticide

(ChristianHistory,http;//www.christiancandre.org/member.contrib/cp.infanticide/h tml).And through colonization child abuse has been brought in the Philippines. During this time physical abuse and child neglect were officially recognized. However, there are no actions that took to prevent this kind of act. Until Etta Wheeler, the first American woman who fought the right of a child who suffer in the hands of her family, “Animals are protected, but children were not”. She is the first first person person who opens opens the eyes eyes of their their govern governmen mentt about about child child abuse abuse case case (http://www.americanhumane.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/etta-wheeleraccount-html). account-html). And from that point the government has moved to create laws that  protect the rights of the children. The society also promoted that parents do not have complete authority in their children (Finkelhor, 1986). And then in the 19th centur century y there there was a first first legal legal imple implemen mentat tation ion regarding the protection of children. It was implemented by the American and put it in their legal system. And through this initiative made by the government of  Amer Americ ica, a, the the othe otherr count countri ries es also also adopt adopted ed and and impl implem emen entt this this act act for for the the  protection of the children. Philippines also adopt this Act and were implement a law in 1974 setting an age requirement of employment. Presidential Decrees no. 603 or The Child and Youth Welfare. And year later for the pursuant of 1987 constitutions they implemented Republic Act 7610 or also known as Special Protectio Protection n of Children Children against Abuse, Exploitation Exploitation and Discrimin Discrimination ation Act in 1992. And then they amend the R.A7610 to R.A 7658 for the age requirement. These laws were created for the protection of the children and for their welfare. It   just basically ensures the future of the children. It gives authority to the local official to promote and support activities for the protection and total development of children, particularly those below seven years old. And adopt measures to

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in prac practi tici cing ng infa infant ntic icid ide; e; the the Roma Roman n Cath Cathol olic ic oppos opposee this this kind kind of act act and and discourage

their

followers

to

practice

infanticide

(ChristianHistory,http;//www.christiancandre.org/member.contrib/cp.infanticide/h tml).And through colonization child abuse has been brought in the Philippines. During this time physical abuse and child neglect were officially recognized. However, there are no actions that took to prevent this kind of act. Until Etta Wheeler, the first American woman who fought the right of a child who suffer in the hands of her family, “Animals are protected, but children were not”. She is the first first person person who opens opens the eyes eyes of their their govern governmen mentt about about child child abuse abuse case case (http://www.americanhumane.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/etta-wheeleraccount-html). account-html). And from that point the government has moved to create laws that  protect the rights of the children. The society also promoted that parents do not have complete authority in their children (Finkelhor, 1986). And then in the 19th centur century y there there was a first first legal legal imple implemen mentat tation ion regarding the protection of children. It was implemented by the American and put it in their legal system. And through this initiative made by the government of  Amer Americ ica, a, the the othe otherr count countri ries es also also adopt adopted ed and and impl implem emen entt this this act act for for the the  protection of the children. Philippines also adopt this Act and were implement a law in 1974 setting an age requirement of employment. Presidential Decrees no. 603 or The Child and Youth Welfare. And year later for the pursuant of 1987 constitutions they implemented Republic Act 7610 or also known as Special Protectio Protection n of Children Children against Abuse, Exploitation Exploitation and Discrimin Discrimination ation Act in 1992. And then they amend the R.A7610 to R.A 7658 for the age requirement. These laws were created for the protection of the children and for their welfare. It   just basically ensures the future of the children. It gives authority to the local official to promote and support activities for the protection and total development of children, particularly those below seven years old. And adopt measures to

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  prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse and juvenile delinquency. Child abuse has been categorized in different forms and they are physical abuse and child neglect in which it was officially recognized in the 1960’s and it took  another decade to recognize the sexual abuse and emotional child abuse. Accordi According ng to Intern Internati ational onal Labour Labour Organi Organizat zation ion in every every develop developing ing country that has 250 million children who are between 5 and 14 years old that works, 120 million of these children were full-time workers. And World Health Organization claimed that approximately 40 million children are subjected to child abuse each year. It was also proven by Casa Alianza, an organization that cares for the youth. They supported what he World Health Organizations claimed. In their their studie studiess approx approxima imatel tely y one milli million on of childr children en around around the world are introduced into commercial sexual exploitation every year. In a developing country like Philippines Child abuse has been spreading and increasing despite the fact that there is a law protecting children. Since the municipalities were economically stable, this country is also in a state of war  against the rebel, in which in these war children and women are usually the victims. However, because of the developing minds of the people children are also used as a weapon in war, it usually happens because of poverty, in which through their fresh minds and principles they are easy to influence. They are also engaged in a dangerous works that risk their health and lives. Regarding in the numbers of the children that involve in hazardous work it is said to be that region IV-A has more rescued child labours. In adding to that effect, the child abuse abu se rates have been increasingly in this year. A lot of child abuse cases that were seen in the televisions are usually come from the municipalities of Cavite (Child Labor,http://www.scribd.com/doc/6856811/CHILD Labor,http://www.scribd.com/doc/6856811/CHILD LABOR).

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Child Child Abus Abusee do not choo choose se its its gende gender, r, it do not not choo choose se a spec specif ific ic individual, nor specific time, place and situation it can be happen to everyone there can be no exception. And it doesn’t mean knowing one rights but applying one right. Everybody are born equal, they were created out of love. Children are reflected reflected of the past, living living in the present and nurturing nurturing the future. future. A home are were the relationship begin and end. Protecting children are the duty of the parents. Even though they are blood related it doesn’t give rights or authority for them to treat their children as a  property. There’s a limitations in caring their children, their job is to protect and lead them in a good path. Like what Rizal said “Ang Kabataan ang Pag-asa ng   bayan”. It is therefore that protecting their future is what the government and   peop people le shoul should d taki taking ng care care of. of. They They need need to help help each each othe otherr to prot protec ectt the the children’s future.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effectivity of the R.A 7610 or Special Protection of Children against Abuse, exploitation and discrimination Act in the two municipalities of Cavite. More specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What What is is Repub Republi licc Act Act 7610? 7610? 2. From 2006 up to present (2010), which Municipality showed the higher 

and the lower record of child abuse cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and Silang? 2.1 Which

kind of sexual abuse and physical abuse showed the highest record

of cases filed in the Municipal Police Station?

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3. What kind of strategies is set by the selected municipalities of Cavite to

have stiffer implementation of republic act 7610? 3.1 3.1 What hat are are the the eff effect ects of stra strattegie egiess impl mplemen ementted by the sel selecte ected d Municipalities?

Assumption

The researchers assume the following: 1.

Republic Act 7610 also known as "Special Protection of Children against against Abuse, Exploitatio Exploitation n

and Discrimina Discrimination tion Act”. It is an act

 providing  providing for stronger deterrence and special special protection protection against child abuse, abuse, exploit exploitati ation on and discri discrimin minati ation, on, provid providing ing penalt penalties ies for its violation, and for other purposes. 2.

Look Lookin ing g at the the cover covered ed muni munici cipal palit itie iess Bacoo Bacoorr and and Sila Silang ng,, the the researchers assumed that the Municipality of Bacoor has the highest record of child abuses filed, for the reason of its geographical location in which the researchers believe that Bacoor is more urbanized than the Municipality of Silang which the researchers believes that Silang is still consider as province.

2.1 Physical

abuse, like slight physical injury is the researchers believed to

 be the highest child abuse case filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, because of the unstoppable news about those children whom experienced child abuse particularly physical abuse and to be specific slight physical injuries. While, in the case of sexual abuse, acts of  lasciviousness is the researchers believed to be the highest child abuse filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang.

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3.

Looking to normally implemented strategies that the government agencies always used are conducting seminars and the basic delivery of services. Conducting seminars are always used by the government, for the reason that having a hand on hand interaction of people within the community and the authority like the Women and Children Protection Desk will be the key for the proper implementation of the said act and for the people, particularly the children and the youth that there are existing laws that protect them from any harm. And delivery of basic services, like ensuring the rehabilitation and protection of  every members of the society.

3.1 The researchers assumed that after the strategies implemented by the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang there would be a change in terms of the crimes committed in violation of republic act 7610, in which people may not be advantageous to others especially youth and children, for being aware that there are existing laws like the said act protecting them. And the justice will prevail, because by being informed by the rights given and  protection, those past victims of the crimes committed in violation of R.A 7610, will have voice for them to acquire justice.

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Conceptual Framework 

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Figure 1.1 It shows the implementation of republic at 7610 in the Municipality of  Bacoor and Silang, Cavite. Through the implementation of Republic act 7610 it can create an ordinance that will protect the children and it will lessen the crimes committed against them and lastly it will create a new future for the abused survivors. Through the implementation of R.A 7610 in selected municipalities in Cavite by the government and the non-governmental organizations the researchers can indicate how effective are the implementation in the selected municipalities are. In the conceptual framework it shows how R.A 7610 is implemented, and what the result of it in the people is. In the entire conceptual framework shows the flow of the studies in relation in R.A 7610.

Significance of the Study

The researchers will be conducting a research focusing on the implementation of Republic Act 7610 in the selected municipalities of Silang and Bacoor, Cavite. This study will prove to be beneficial to the following: National Government. This analysis will help the national government

to be informed and be aware, especially the law-making body if the R.A 7610 they made was implemented effectively to the two municipalities. Future Researchers. This research will prove to be beneficial to future

researchers as it can be used as a background study for other researches related to the topic. Students and Professionals. This research will provide knowledge for 

 better understanding of R.A 7610 and its implementation.

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People of the selected municipalities of Cavite.

In this study people

shall be benefited from the result of this analysis in which they will become enlightened that children must be protected and be free from any kind of abuses. Scope and Delimitations

This research is not totally bound to the study of the effectivity of  Republic Act 7610. The researchers also divulge into deep historical background of the act and its creation from Rome and how Philippines adopted the R.A 7610. This study will focus on the implementation of the said act in the selected municipalities of Cavite, which comprises the municipalities of Bacoor and Silang. In which the researchers will concentrate in the implementation of R.A 7610 in each municipality and the strategies and programs that each municipality adopted for the effective implementation of the said act. This research only covered the sexual abuse and physical abuses, and the implementation of the said act from 2006 up to present. Definition of Terms

There are terminologies that the researchers assumed needed to be interpreted. These are the terms used in the study. Child Abuse. It is the physical or psychological/emotional mistreatment of 

children. Child Labour. It is refers to the employment of children at regular and sustained

labour. Child Welfare. It is used to describe a set of government services designed to

 protect children and encourage family stability.

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Emotional Abuse. It is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or 

exposing another to behaviour that is psychologically harmful. Discrimination. It is a sociological term referring to the treatment taken toward

or against a person of a certain group that is taken in consideration based on class or category. Implementation. It is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan,

idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy. Infanticide. It is the practice of intentionally killing an infant. Governmental Agency. It is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the

machinery of government that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions. Juvenile Delinquency. It refers to children who act against the law. Municipalities. It is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined

territory and its population and commonly denotes a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. A municipality is typically governed by a mayor and a city council or municipal council. Non-governmental organization. It is a term that has become widely accepted as

referring to a legally constituted, non-governmental organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government. Physical abuse. It is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of 

intimidation, pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm. Physical injury. Refers to any body damage due to a due a physical impact or 

accident. The degree of injury may range from mild to life and limb threatening.

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Presidential Decrees. It is a rule of law issued by a head of state. Prostitution. It is the act or practice of engaging in sex acts for hire. Psychological injury. Refers to any mental damage or impact. R.A. 7610. It is the Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act. Sexual abuse. It also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual

 behavior by one person upon another, when that force falls short of being a sexual assault. Youth Welfare. It is the underlying aim of most social welfare services for 

young people.

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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter would focus on related literature and study of the researchers which is R.A 7610 or also known as Special Protection of children against abuse, exploitation and discrimination Act. This will help the readers and the future researchers of the same study to improve and develop or to have a  better understanding of the study. Although, there are some literature and study which will not be specifically covered by the researchers study, they would give at least a light  background and information for the readers. Local Literature

Child abuse refers to physical, psychological injury, cruelty neglect and sexual abuse. Physical and sexual abuse has been given attention since 1970. Hence in 1980 physical abuse has given more attention because it is the beginning of industrialization in the Philippines, this is during the time of former president Marcos. In 1990’s the emergence on sexual abuse has been rapidly increasing that made the Non- Governmental Organization to make a move o prevent it. The Government and Non-Governmental Organization pay more attention to these two forms of child abuse due to a number of factors. First is to increased awareness of the rights of the chid locally and internationally, second is that to recognize the importance of documentation and lastly to increase the funs for  child- centred projects (Child Abuse in the Philippines, pp 16-19). Because of the rape increase of child abuse the government form a law that will protect the rights of the children and it is called Republic Act 7610.

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Laws that Protect the Children The first law that protects the children rights has been implemented during

the administration of former President Marcos. He implemented President Decrees 603 or otherwise known as The Child and Youth Welfare. This is to   protect Children from slavery. In which during his regime the industry of the country has been develop

so he create such law to set age requirements of 

employment. The other law that protects the children rights was created during the regime of former President Fidel V. Ramos and it s called Republic Act 7610. The said law was created in the pursuant of 1987 Constitution. Child Prostitution has   been defined base on Article III Section 5 of this law. Republic Act 7610 is known as an Act Providing Deterrence and Protection against Child Abuse exploitation and Discrimination. (Master Plan of Operation against Child Prostitution and other form of Sexual Abuse) Republic Act 7610 is a law that contains the Rules and Regulation on the Reporting and Investigation of Child Abuse Cases (RRRICA). It also cites the special programs that require Department of Justice and Department of Social Welfare and Development to coordinate a program to protect Children against child prostitution and other sexual abuse, child trafficking, other acts of abuse and circumstances which threatens or endanger for survival and normal development of children (Metropolitan Police Service, London. “Republic Act 7610 as it relates to sexual and physical Abuse of Children) Other Laws and Programs that Protect Children Rights 

The Family Code (Executive Order 209 as amended to Executive Order  227)

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

Executive Order 56- Mandating the DSWD to Take Protective Custody of  Child



Republic Act 7658 known as an Act Prohibiting the Employment of  Children below 15 years of Age in Public and Private Undertaking.



Government Programs for Children at risk include the following: 

Provision of centres for treatment and rehabilitative services for  child victims of sexual abuse and exploitation



Establishment of the Bantay Bata Hotline and the Centre for the  protection of Children



Creation of Special Committee for the Protection of Children Against Sexual Abuse and Exploitation through Executive Order  275



Creation of the Task Force on Child Protection by the Department of Justice

The Non-Governmental Organization conducts advocacy and public Awareness raising, research and documentation. They also provide services for  the victims of Child Abuse such as legal support, rehabilitation and prevention. Both Government and Non-Governmental Organization give their efforts to implement the Master Plan of Operation. Local Studies

Children experience abuse suffered an after effect on them. Most of the abused Children identified with the self-oriented role and played the sub-roles of    blocker and avoider. The design of integrated social services for the children

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suffered abuses must therefore be responsive, adequate, readily available, complementary and cost-effective. (Bonifacio, Manuel. 1991. Understanding the Phenomenon of Street Children. pp 123-125). In the forum entitled Philippine Youth welfare Council for the Welfare of Children Proceedings of the AbusedBattered Child Symposium Manila, Philippines 22 May 1979, they discusses about the physiological effects of abuse and its management, and early emergency therapeutic program for those children who are victims of exploitation. They also tackled the sociological and cultural causes of child abuse, emphasizing that the violence inflicted on children is a reflection of violence in social structures. Children Self- Esteem Test

In the study of Buzon, Hernani, Lumapas and Moderno.1997. A Study of  the self-esteem of the Physical and Sexually Abused Children of Children’s help and Assistance Foundation, Inc. and an Analysis of their Roles in the Group. They investigates the differences in self-esteem among physically and sexually abused children have and non-abused children. They found out that the abused children have a lower self-esteem than the non-abused children. Abused children that have lower self-esteem is also manifested in their difficulty in relating to their  environment. In order to cope up, they isolate themselves as a mean of defence mechanism. In the same study they conduct a pre and post test treatment involved in administering the self-inventory in Pilipino (SEIP). The treatment has two phases, the first phase is that conducting a theatre arts workshop and the second phase is that the subjects live at the institutions and go through their usual activities. And the results indicate that the workshop participants had more meaningful experience than non-participants. They develop self-awareness and self-

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discovery, enjoyed physical and emotional artistic release and they honed their  communication skills.

Issues, Concerns and the Roles of Non-Governmental Organization and Government

In the forum of National Planning Workshop Concerning Women and Young Workers in Manila, June-August 1986, they identified some issues and concerns that the Government and Non-Governmental Organization need to review. The workshop aims to regulate Child Labour rather than its outright abolition. And the following are the issues and concern that needs to be settled and they are: 

Data on the number of working children in the Philippines are incomplete



Child Workers, especially street children, usually come from big, deprived and marginal, urban families. Their families are mostly jobless or seasonal worker.



The exploitation Children is invisible since they usually work under the guardianship of their parents.



Child Prostitution can be traced to poverty aggravated by socio psychological factors such as broken homes



Street Children face hunger extortion and physical injury from police, whipping from parents, prohibited drug use and maltreatment from adult when they are jailed for petty crimes.



Comprehensive child labour is lacking

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

At work, child workers are discriminated against, receive lower wages and are exposed to worse working conditions than adults.



Migrant child workers are alienated and their own communities lose their  source of dynamic labor supply

The Government and Non-Governmental Organization have joined forces to fight child abuse. They also shared same goals and aims to eliminate child exploitation (Philippine Delegation. July 11-13, 1994. Country Statement Prepared for the European Commission Seminar on the Plight of Street Children in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia. Pattaya, Thailand.) . Their projects and  programs are the following: 

To provide street children access to basic and special services



To adopt measures that will facilitate the reunion of street children with their families



To extend to street children educational and work opportunities to help them realizes their full potential



To enable Government and Non-Governmental Organization, Church groups and local communities to assume collective responsibility for  the protection of children



To document and share among program implementers and field workers effective approaches in working with street children o

Advocacy and social mobilization

o

Family and community empowerment

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o

Project coordination, monitoring and evaluation

Powerlessness and co-dependency underlay the dynamics of the family relationship. Dependency relations in marginalized families that live below the   poverty lines do not form any unitary concept. It is because they are interdependent in one another for the reason of economic survival. That will give impact or effect to children under this kind of circumstances to cope in denial (Tuazon, Ma. Teresa. (1-2) January-June 1995:20, 27-9 .The Stresses and Ways of Coping of Children of Alcoholic Fathers. Philippine Social Science Information 23) Children are not force by their parents to works, it is often that the parents are also a victims of Child Abuse when they were young (Toress Amaryllis T. (1-2), January-June 1995:17-20.Rethinking Dependency in the Filipino Family. Philippine Social Science Information 23).

Foreign Literature

Philippines are known as an archipelagic country and investors are here to invest. However Philippines have a prominent feature of sexually and physically abused children. Prostitution and Child Labour affects not only the children but also their communities and families. Some of families force or encourage their  children to engage in Child exploitation to contribute in their family finances, in the other side some parents do not require their children to do so (Ireland Kevin. “Sexual Exploitation of Children and international Travel and Tourism.” Child Abuse Review 2 (1993):263-70) Child Labour

According to the book of Marcus, Rachel and Caroline Harper entitled “Small Hands: Children in the Working World.” Child work is work performed

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for the child’s family it is a part of socialization process that light works the children’s school attendance. On the other hand Child Labour is a work   performed for an employer outside the family, in which it may cause conflicts in schooling of the child involve. It also involve hazardous task, long hours of  working and low pay. There are reasons for Child Labour and they are poverty and inequality, the structure of labour markets, household vulnerability, social attitudes toward childhood and work, and lastly education and child work. With these above mention reasons the government can find ways in eliminating Child Labour. In the same book it recognizes the vital role of the socio-cultural and economic variables involving child Labour. It also defines what is acceptable and unacceptable work and working conditions. And it is committed in eliminating those that may endanger the children’s future. However Children must also have the responsibility to participate in any policies or programs that may affect them. Sexually Abuse

In the book of O’Grady, Ron entitled The Child and Tourist Bangkok: The Campaign to End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, 1992 it discuss about the existing Child Prostitution in Philippines and Thailand. The two countries share unacceptable levels of prostitution in Asia. In the same book Child prostitution exists because there are pedophiles. And these pedophiles are predator and motivated by an obsessive desire to have sexual relations with children and not by any genuine concern for the child. And tourism makes children more expose in exploitation. In the Philippines, the sex tourism industry received a great boost when the military bases in the country.

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According to O’Grady countries around the world should pay attention so he enumerates some international level of attention. And these attentions should  be given to the psychology and motivations of pedophiles, tourist education, educational and sober treatment of the issue by the media, international efforts to make child prostitution a crime against humanity and lastly more stringent laws against child pornography. Because of this effort to fight child abuse it will  prevent the growing number of child exploiation. Foreign Studies

According to the study of Narvesen, Ove. 1998. The sexual Exploitation of Children in Developing Countries. Redd Barna Norwegian Save the Children, that child prostitution is a recent phenomenon in the developing countries like Philippines. Also countries that are exporting partner of the U.S are known as world most populous region and owing to its large number of Labour-intensive export industries. In the same studies Philippines were chosen as one of the study site  because of two reasons; the first reason is that there are number of indications that the problem is an especially extensive one in this country. The second reason is that the organization has potential working partner in the Philippines. They also investigate the casual factors that affect Child Abuse and they are urbanization, machismo, colonial legacy, commercialization, tourism, presence of military  bases and lastly religious and cultural factors. In the report presented by U.S department of Labour, Bureau of  International Labour Affairs entitled “By the Sweat and Toil of Children: The Use of Child Labour in American Imports” they said that in the Philippines where at least 5 million children work in industrial and commercial sectors, bonded labour  has also been discovered in garment and embroider industries. Many children

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drop-out of school because their parent can no longer afford the cost of education. Parents themselves belief that when children are engaged in work at early age it will help them prepare to support themselves in the future. In the presentation made by Hiew, Chok entitled “Child Prostitution in the Philippines, 1993, he blamed international tourism as a main factor for Child Abuse in the Philippines. Adding to his presentation other factors that cause Child Abuse are poverty and lack of Political Will to suppress he said problem. In the same presentation he introduces a strategy to prevent Child Exploitation and that is altering the socio-economic-cultural environment, helping victims adjust to the environment and lastly altering the immediate environment. His presentation did not end in that because two years after Hiew, Chok present another paper entitled “Child Prostitution: Stopping the Exploiters, Rehabilitating the Victims” at the 53rd Annual International Council Psychologist Convention, Taipei, Taiwan. 1995. In his presentation he elaborated a method that will end child prostitution in Asia. In his system he highly discourages the foreign tourist and pedophiles from engaging sex with children. His systematic multi-preventive interventions include legislation and law enforcement of Asian Government., Economic and psycho-social solutions that will distribute wealth more equitably and strengthen the communities and families so that they care for the safeguard of  their children. Hiew, Chok prevention was inclined in the programs made by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in their studies entitled Attacking Child Labour in the Philippines: Indicative Frameworks for Philippines-ILO Actions, Geneva:ILO1994. In the studies made by the International Labour Organization they present short-to-medium term programs of actions. They also include

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  protection, preventions and rehabilitation for those children that has been exploited. The child to child approach is one of the outreach approaches for the   preventive objectives as well as empowerment to help children regain their  confidence and to go forward on their own. The approach allows the children to  be more sensitive to their peers and to realize their own value and to change the way they perceive themselves.

Relevance to the Study

The local Literature was mainly focus on the evolution of the laws that  protects the children’s rights and a partial explanation of the Republic Act 7610. It also emphasizes other laws that help to protect the rights of the children. In terms of Foreign Literature it mainly focuses on some issues of Physical and Sexually Abuse Children and how they give preventive actions with this kind of problems. In terms of Local Studies, the main focus is on the after effect in the child who was abuse by the adults. It looks for the effects in the children and how will they cope up and regain their confidence and live just like a normal life. And also it discusses some issues, recommendations and the roles of the Government and   Non-Governmental organization regarding Child Abuse. On the other hand Foreign Studies tackle some issues and programs of the international organization regarding to the matters of Child Abuse in Asia.

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Child Abuse has become rampant problem not only in the Philippines but also in the whole world. In all the studies and literature whether it is foreign or  local all have the same goals and that is to prevent this kind of problem. International and local communities aim to eliminate Child Abuse in the system of the society because it is a serious illness that spread around the world. The action to free the children from various forms of child abuse lies in the shoulder  of the pillars of the society and that is the smallest and basic unit called family.

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows the research method utilized by the researchers. Incorporated herein is the method of research, subject of the study, and research instruments. Method of Research

This research paper focuses on the implementation of R.A 7610 otherwise known as “Special protection of Children against Child abuse, exploitation and discrimination Act” in the selected municipalities of Cavite.

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In this study, the researchers shall use a follow up descriptive studies and documentary analysis method. Descriptive research aims to describe data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied and a method use to evaluate the success of particular programs like guidance program, instructional program, administrative program and other. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what , where, when and how. In the book “Methods of  Research and Thesis Writing” by Calderon (1993), follow-up studies are employed to investigate the subsequent development of participants after  specified treatment or condition. Documentary analysis involves gathering of  information by examining records and for documents. Subject of the study

This study focuses on the rights of the children against child abuse. The researchers gave emphasis on the efforts of the national government and the nongovernmental organizations on effective implementation of the R.A. 7620 and for  a stiffer child protection and their rights.

Research Instruments

In order to meet the objectives of this research, the researchers employed the following research instruments. Interview –  The interview is administered to obtain first-hand and real-time

information from the important figure of the concerned organization. In order to establish a fluid interview process, the researchers constructed an interview guide composed of questions regarding the respondent’s educational background, their  organizational objectives, and the effective implementation of R.A.7610 in the

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Philippines, and the results and impacts of R.A. 7610 on the lives on the people in selected municipalities in Cavite. Documents –  As part of the data gathering process, the researchers utilized

numerous foreign and local books, journal articles, and reliable web articles in order to acquire pertinent information for this study. Observation –  Aside from the interview and the use of various documents, the

researchers utilized their keen observation skills in observing the current situations in Mindanao and the possible relevance of the concepts of Rizal’s Alternative Society in the contemporary scene.

CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter presents the data gathered to answer the specific question posted in the statement of the problem. 4. What is Republic Act 7610?

"AN ACT PROVIDING FOR STRONGER DETERRENCE AND SPECIAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD ABUSE, EXPLOITATION AND DISCRIMINATION, PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR ITS VIOLATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES"

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Also known as: Special Protection of Children against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act It is the policy of the State to provide special protection to children from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation and discrimination, and other conditions prejudicial to their development; provide sanctions for their  commission and carry out a program for prevention and deterrence of and crisis intervention in situation of child abuse, exploitation and discrimination. Following the spirit of the 1987 Constitution, national and local legislation have given priority to the protection of children from abuse and exploitation. The 1992 child protection law, Republic Act No. 7610 (Special Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act) is a landmark legislation that  provides protection for children against abuse, commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, and employment in illicit activities. Republic Act No. 7658 (Amending RA 7610) reaffirmed the minimum age of employment to 15 years, and 18 years and above for hazardous work. Republic Act 7160 (Aquilino, Pimentel. The Local Government Code of 1991) includes provisions for the   proper development and welfare of children at the basic political level, the Barangay. It enjoins local officials to promote and support activities for the  protection and total development of children, particularly those below seven years of age, and adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse, and  juvenile delinquency. In September 1995, then President Fidel V. Ramos signed Executive Order No. 275 creating a special oversight committee for the special  protection of children from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation, discrimination and other conditions prejudicial to their development. To implement existing laws on the protection of children, the Department of Labor and Employment has also issued various administrative issuances. For  instance, it issued Department Order No. 4 (Hazardous Work and Activities of 

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 persons below 18 years of age, Series of 1999) that reiterates the prohibitions and exceptions to employment of children below 15 years of age and 18 years in hazardous or deleterious work. It defines work and activities that are hazardous to  persons below 18 years and classifies them into five categories: (1) Work that exposes children to physical, psychological or sexual abuse. (2) Work underground, underwater, at dangerous heights or at unguarded heights of two meters and above, or in confined places. (3) Work with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools, or which involves manual handling or transport of heavy load. (4) Work in an unhealthy environment that may expose children to hazardous  processes, to temperatures, noise levels or vibrations damaging to their health, to toxic, corrosive, poisonous, noxious, explosive, flammable and combustible substances or composites, to harmful biological agents, or to other dangerous chemicals including pharmaceuticals. (5) Work under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or  during the night, or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises of the employer. Based on reports made by Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (OMCTP), the Republic of Philippines was categorized in the 2nd Tier  Watch List. Philippines was considered as one of the origins or sources of human trafficking for sexual exploitations and forced labour. Approximately 300,000 to 400,000 women in the Philippines are trafficked annually for sexual exploitations and the most significant issue of all is child trafficking. Most reasons for child trafficking or sexual exploitations are poverty, mainly due to the lack of respect towards children rights, high unemployment rates, corruption, and sex tourism to

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name some, however, there has been no one leading factor that causes these trafficking. Case example, A.E. and A.P. were recruited from province to Manila to work as domestic workers but was later coerced into prostitution due to   poverty. Other factors include coercion, opportunity, greed, and family  breakdown that significantly affect the exploitations. Case example, M.C. was raised in a broken family. Her stepfather raped her when she was only 11, and her   biological mother failed to defend her. M.C. left home and was caught in the hands of a trafficker. M.C. was trafficked to Germany and was sexually abused. After the incident, M.C. resorted to prostitution.

The Republic of the Philippines has ratified its core international treaties on human rights and has put sufficient efforts to comply with their obligations by enacting laws, which prohibits such malpractices. In 1992, the Philippines enacted the R.A. 7610 (Special Protection of Children against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination ACT) for protecting children against sexual exploitations, human trafficking, and employment in illicit activities. In 2003, the Philippines amended the R.A. 7610 imposing heavier penalties for those who violate the act and   providing children with access to education, physiological, and legal services. Though such legislations have been made, the country’s government is still struggling to implement the laws that combat trafficking and exploitations. In  particular, victims face undue delays in prosecuting the offenders. Corruption, weak judicial system, court congestion, and shortage of prosecutors are some of  the main challenges.

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2. From 2006 up to present (2010), which Municipality showed the highest and the lowest record of child abuse cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and Silang?

Figure 1.1 shows the number of sexual and physical child abuses in Silang and Bacoor, Cavite during the years 2006 to 2010.

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SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers from the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and the Municipal Police Station of Silang through the Department Head of Women and Children Protection Desk, from the year 2006 to 2010 there has been 99 cases of child abuse in the Municipal Police Station, in which the 41 filed cases is physical abuse of sexual abuse and 58 filed cases is sexual abuse in the Municipality of Bacoor. While there have been 93 cases of  child abuse, in which 27 filed cases is physical abuse and 66 filed cases is sexual abuse in the Municipality of Silang. Criminal Case No. SC-3261-00 On the 25th day of March, 2000, at Brgy. Sabutan, Municipality of  Silang, Province of Cavite, and within the jurisdiction of the Honorable Court, the Canares, with lewd designs by means of force, violence and intimidation and

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taking advantage of his superior strength over the person of the victim who was sixteen (16) years old, did, then and there, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously attempt to have carnal knowledge of one AAA, against her will and consent, the above-named accused, having thus commenced the commission of the crime of  Rape directly by overt acts but which nevertheless did not produce it by reason of  causes other than accused own spontaneous desistance, that is, by reason of the timely arrival of BBB who hit the head of herein accused with a base (sic) thereby   preventing him from further consummating the crime, to the damage and  prejudice of said AAA. May 31, 2006 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR-H.C. No. 01263 finding Rolly Canares y Almanares guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of statutory rape. In addition to the awards of civil indemnity and moral damages, he is further ordered to pay P25,000 as exemplary damages to AAA.

2.1 Which kind of sexual abuse and physical abuse showed the highest record of cases filed in the Municipal Police Station?

Figure 2.1 shows the highest number of cases related to physical abuse in Bacoor, Cavite since 2006 to 2010.

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Highest Physical Abuse cases in Bacoor (2006-2010) 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Slight Physical Injuries

Serious Physical Injuries

Fatal Wounds

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station of Bacoor, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from year 2006 to 2010, the highest physical abuse cases filed is slight physical injury, next is serious physical injury and last one is fatal wound. These three cases, according to SPO2 Camayo, is the usual cases filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor.

Figure 2.2 shows the highest number of Sexual abuse cases in Bacoor, Cavite.

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Highest Sexual abuse cases in Bacoor (2006-2010) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Acts of  Laciviousness

Seduction

Rape in rel. to R.A. 7610

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station of Bacoor, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from year 2006 to 2010, the highest sexual abuse cases filed is rape in relation to Republic Act 7610, next is acts of Lasciviousness and last oneis seduction. These three cases, according to SPO2 Camayo, is the usual cases filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor.

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Figure 2.3

shows the highest number of physical abuse cases in Silang,

Cavite.

Highest Physical Abuse cases in Silang (2006-2010) 20 15 10 5 0 Slight Physical injury

Serious Physical injury

Fatal Wound

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station of Silang, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police Station of Silang from year 2006 to 2010, the highest physical abuse cases filed is slight physical injury, next is serious physical injury and last one is fatal wound. These three cases, like in the Munipality of Bacoor , according to SPO2 Cabasi, is the usual cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang.

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Figure 2.4

shows the highest number of sexual abuse cases in Silang.

Highest Sexual abuse cases in Silang (2006-2010) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Acts of  Lasciviousness

Seduction

Rape in rel. to R.A 7610

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipality Police Station of Silang, Cavite. According to the data that the researchers have gathered, the highest number  of physical abuse cases filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang was slight  physical injury. In which from 2006 to 2010, 26 cases of slight physical injury has   been filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and 17 cases of slight  physical injury in the Municipal Police Station of Silang. While, the highest number of sexual abuse cases filed in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang was rape in relation to Republic Act 7610. In which from 2006 to 2010, 29 cases of rape has been filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor and 30 cases of rape in the Municipal Police Station of  Silang.

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Figure 3.1

shows the number and kind of physical abuse cases filed in

the Municipality of Bacoor, Cavite.

Physical abuse cases in Bacoor 7% 29% 20

24%

20 20 20 20 20%

20%

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection Desk of Municipal Police Station of  Bacoor, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers, it shows that 2006 was the year in which most of the physical abuse cases was committed and filed to the Municipal Police station of Bacoor, Cavite. Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the physical abuse cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 29% or 12 out of 41 cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from the year of 2006. While, the color RED and Green represent the year 2007 and 2008, with the same percentage of 20% or 8 out of 41 cases. Next, is the color Violet represent the year of 2009 with the percentage of 24% or 10 out of 41 filed cases. And lastly, the color Light

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Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 7% or 3 out of 41 cases of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor, Cavite. Figure 3.2

shows the number and kind of sexual abuse cases filed in the

Municipality of Bacoor, Cavite.

Sexual Abuse Cases in Bacoor 14%

19% 20 20 20

26%

20 25%

20

16%

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of  Bacoor, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers, 2007 and 2009 is the year in which most of the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor, Cavite. Based on the circle graph, the colour Blue represents the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 19% or 11 out of 58 cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor from the year of 2006. While, the

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colour RED represent the year of 2007, with the percentage of 29% or 14 out of  58 cases filed. Next, is the colour Green represent the year of 2008 with the  percentage of 18% or 9 out of 58 filed cases. And the Violet, represent the year of  2009 with the percentage of 29% or 15 out of 58 cases filed. Lastly, the colour  Light Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 2% or 8 out of 58 cases of sexual abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station of Bacoor, Cavite. Figure 3.3 shows the number and kind of physical abuse cases filed in the Municipality of Silang, Cavite.

Physical AbuseCases in Silang 4% 15% 33%

20 20 20 20

22%

20

26%

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of  Silang, Cavite.

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According to the data gathered by the researchers, it shows that 2006 was the year in which most of the physical abuse cases was committed and filed to the Municipal Police station of Silang, Cavite. Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the physical abuse cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 33% or 9 out of 27 cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang from the year of 2006. While, the color RED represent the year of 2007 with the percentage of 26% or 7 out of 27 cases filed. And the color Green represents the year of 2008 with the percentage of 22% or 6 out of 27 cases filed. Next, the color violet represents the year of  2009 with the percentage of 15% or 4 out of 27 cases filed. Lastly, the color Light Blue represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 4% or 1 out of 27 cases of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station of Silang, Cavite.

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Figure 3.4 shows the number and kind of sexual abuse cases filed in the Municipality of Silang, Cavite.

Sexual Abuse Cases in Silang 9%

35%

18%

20 20 20 20 20

15% 23%

SOURCE: Women and Children Protection DESK of Municipal Police Station of  Silang, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers, 2006 is the year in which most of the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang, Cavite. Based on the circle graph, the color Blue represents the sexual abuse cases was committed and filed with the percentage of 35% or 23 out of 66 cases filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang from the year of 2006. While, the color  RED represent the year of 2007, with the percentage of 23% or 15 out of 66 cases filed. Next, is the color Green represent the year of 2008 with the percentage of  15% or 10 out of 66 filed cases. And the Violet, represent the year of 2009 with the percentage of 18% or 7 out of 66 cases filed. Lastly, the color Light Blue

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represent, the first quarter of 2010 with the percentage of 9% or 6 out of 66 cases of sexual abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police station of  Silang, Cavite. Figure 4.1 shows the number the number of physical abuse cases in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.

Comparison of number of  Physical AbuseCases in Bacoor andSilang 25

  i   T   s   i   x   A

20 15 10 5 0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Silang

23

15

10

12

6

Bacoor

11

15

10

15

8

SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite from the year of 2006 to 2010, it shows that from 2006 up to the present year the number of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor is higher than the physical abuse cases record in Silang, Cavite.

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Figure 4.2 shows the number the number of sexual abuse cases in the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite.

Comparison of number of Sexual Abusecases in Bacoor and Silang 40

  f   o   r   e   b   m   u   N

30 20 10 0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

SILANG

23

15

10

12

6

BACOOR

11

15

10

15

8

SOURCE: Municipal Police Station of Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite. According to the data gathered by the researchers in the Municipal Police Station of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite from the year of 2006 to 2010, it shows that from 2006 up to the present year the number of physical abuse cases committed and filed in the Municipal Police Station of Silang is higher than the physical abuse cases record in Bacoor, Cavite. 3.

What kinds of strategies are set by the Municipality of Bacoor and Silang, Cavite to have stiffer implementation of republic act 7610?

The researchers gathered the following information in the Bacoor Municipal Police Station and Silang Municipal Police Station through the Department Head of Women and Children Protection Desk, Police Officer 2 Baby Jane Camayo of  Bacoor and Police Officer 2 Annaliza Faulmino Cabasi of Silang.

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According to them, WCPD and DSWD are collaborated in making strategies for the stiffer implementation of Republic Act 7610, through conducting school visitation, seminars to different barangay, rehabilitation programs, community  based service for street children, and delinquent youth. School Visitation

•

•

Conducting Barangay Seminars

•

Rehabilitation Programs

•

Community based services for street children;

•

Delinquent Youth

This kind of strategy is the same as the program implemented by the European Commission Seminar, parts of their program are family and community orientation, Advocacy and social mobilization (European commission Seminar. 2007). With this the implementation conducted by the two municipalities and with the programs of international community to prevent physical and sexual abuse to the children. Based on the information that was given by the local official of Silang Cavite, they are usually responsible for the implementation of such programs and  plans. Like what the local official said that the authority has the power vested to them to enforce laws and to secure the protection of children and youth. On the other hand, DSWD is the agency designed to protect and rehabilitate that segment of population particularly for the children and youth, which are covered by the republic act 7610. In a certain problems needs a certain solution or appropriate treatment for  a certain trauma of a child who experience child abuse. With the programs implemented by the local government of the two municipalities, they ensure that

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such programs are fit for a certain problems (Buzon, Hernani, Lumapas and Moderno. 1997. Pp 56-59) SCHOOL VISITATION: According to PO2 Annaliza Faulmino of Silang Police station and Baby Jane Camayo of Bacoor Police Station that school visitation are one of the effective strategies to implement Republic Act 76 10. In school visitation program, they teach the rights of the children and how to avoid in becoming a victim of it. According to them Bacoor and Silang Women and Children Police Desk are the one who usually conduct such visitation with the help of Non Governmental Organization. The said programs happen every quarter of the year. It is better to teach their rights while they are still young so that they will beco me aware of their  surroundings. The targets here in school visitation are those children who attend schools and have given a privilege to accept proper education. In O’Grady book  he elaborate that educating children is a great help to avoid becoming a victims of  child labor. Tourist education should be taught in school, like what the local officials done with the collaboration of non-governmental organization. With the force that they’ve done, it will help lessen the problems in the national government about the issue in Child Abuse (O’Grady, Ron. 1992. Pp 57-89, 103128). CONDUCTING BARANGAY SEMINARS Is a good way to help children and women in teaching their rights  just like the school visitation. The only difference is that conducting seminar is for  those who are in the community so it is outside of the school. The seminar was conducted at least twice a year. Those out-of-school youth and women are the one that will benefit the seminars. In the seminar that conducted in 1979 it discussed that forums and seminars can be a great help in the children that experience abuse,

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 because they can learn something new (Philippine Youth Welfare Council. 1979. Pp 2-7). REHABILITATION PROGRAMS This is for the children that experience child abuse whether it is mental or physical abuse. Rehabilitation programs help children to cope up, to continue to live and prepare them to face outside world with full of confidence. In this program the rehabilitation try to induce the pain, forget the bad experience that happen to a child and try to change a sad memories into a happy one. According to the psychologist bad memories may result to a so called ‘trauma’. With this kind of experience the child may become afraid to face people due of  embarrassments; the child can become a loner and have lack of confidence. So this is why rehabilitation program established to cure the trauma that a child experience. It was presented by Hiew Chok it talks about a short-to- medium term  programs that will help to uplift the problems related in child abuse. It is called systematic multi-preventive interventions that can be apply by the Local Government Unit. In this program it will distribute wealth more equitably and strengthen the communities and families so that they care for the safeguard of  their children, through the certain laws (Hiew, Chok. 1995. Pp15-19). Community based Service for Street Children and Delinquent Children: Street children and delinquent youth are the usual victims of Child Prostitutions and Child labor. Because they don’t know what are the rights that  protect them from evil elements. They are usually the one that engaged in this field of work because of poverty, misconception of life and there is no one that will guide them and teach them what is right and wrong. So these programs are created just for them, so that these children will prevent or avoid in doing such work. And just to provide them awareness that this kind of law are existing just

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for them. In the Philippines where at least 5 million children work in industrial and commercial sectors, bonded labour has also been discovered in garment and embroider industries (U.S Department of International Labour Affairs. 2003. Pp 12-13). Because of lack of education that children are the easiest to use in committing a crimes and victims of fraud. Children are exempted from criminal liability; however they will be subject in the intervention program as provided in Section 20 of the same code (Revised Penal Code of The Philippines Book One. 2008. Article 12 Paragraph 2 and 3 pp. 214-228). 3.1 What are the effects resulted by the strategies implemented by the selected municipalities?

Their strategy may be different but the effects from their implementation of their strategy may almost be the same. The results of their strategy are based on the interview that the researchers obtain in the two municipalities. This is based on the answer by the person that the researcher interview. According to PO2 Annaliza Faulmino of Silang Police station, the effect of such strategy Are the following: •

The number of complaints increased due to having information of their  rights.

•

Decreased the records of case filed every time strategies are set or done.

•

They become more curious about what are the other rights that protect them.

The number of complaints increased in the sense that having the information that they gathered they knew that such act is violating their rights.

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The information that they’ve obtain may helped them realized that such rights exist just to protect them. They will know how to defend themselves using the rights provided by our government. Before they actually don’t know that what they experience is actually a form of child abuse, so once they were enlightened or obtain information they will file a case just to give justice in what they’ve just experience. Decreased the records of cased filed every time the strategies are set or  done. That, they will become careful in their acts. They will follow such strategy so that they can avoid being a victim of child abuse. And of course they are aware that such rights exist just for them. And lastly they become more curious about what are the other rights that  protect them. Once they become aware that such right exist just to protect them, it also triggered the curiosity of one child to know more about other rights that the children may use or may become defend for them. Curiosity is a desire to know more, and it is natural for the people to obtain and gathered more information just to satisfy their curiosity. This effect that was listed is the same as the effect in Bacoor, Cavite as stated by PO2 Baby Jane Camayo. According to her the only difference is that the number of complaints increases every time they implement the strategy. In the sense that once they obtain such information they filed complaints because they already knew that such act is a commission or violates their rights. The two municipalities’ strategy to fight Child Abused is evidence that the local government is eager to fight one of the rampant problems of the country which is Child abuse. However the strategy of the two municipalities may different in the way they implement it but still the goal are the same. The result of 

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their fight against child abuse may take years to bloom however it is better that the government should cut the roots.

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Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter includes a summary of findings, the conclusion arrived at and the recommendations and suggestions drawn from the conduct of the study. The purpose of the research study was to investigate the effectiveness of  the R.A. 7610 implemented in the Municipality of Bacoor and Municipality of  Silang. Furthermore, the results in the data gathered shows how each municipality create mean on ensuring the proper implementation of R.A. 7610 for the  protection and welfare of children in their municipalities. However, the research study reveals that between the years 2006 to 2010 there were 192 cases filed in violation of R.A. 7610. Based on the data gathered, in the Municipality of Bacoor  alone 99 cases were filed in violation of the said act while in the Municipality of  Silang 93 cases were filed. Findings:

After conducting a throughout research regarding the implementation of  R.A 7610 Otherwise Known as Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse and Exploitation and Discrimination Act in the Municipalities of Silang and Bacoor, Cavite the researcher s arrived at the following findings: 1. Through the data that the researcher obtains it shows that in the year 2006 is the highest numbers of cases to be recorded in the Police Station of Silang Cavite. It shows that out of 93 cases to be recorded in the latter 22 of it was committed during 2006. Unlike in the Police Station of Bacoor Cavite, the highest number of cases to be recorded was during the year of 2006. In the data gathered by the researcher it shows that out of 99 cases that was recorded 23 of it was committed during the said years. Wherefore the

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researcher find that 2006 is the year was R.A 7610 is mostly violated and the researcher find that Silang have the highest number of cases to be recorded compare in Bacoor. 2. According to the data that the researcher gathered it shows that the municipality of Bacoor Cavite have the highest number of cases to be recorded from the year 2006 up to the present compare to the municipality of Silang. Bacoor Cavite has 99 cases to be recorded unlike in Silang that has only 93. 3. It shows that Physical Abuse is the usual Child Abuse to be committed in Bacoor Cavite unlike in Silang that the usual cases of Child Abuse is Sexual Abuse. The two Municipalities show contradictory tabulation of cases violating R.A 7610. In Silang Cavite Physical abuse has only 27 recorded cases and Sexual Abuse which is higher than the latter with a number of 66 cases. On the other hand Bacoor Cavite has 58 recorded cases under  Physical Abuse and has 41 recorded cases in Sexual Abuse. Conclusion:

After conducting a throughout investigation of the study the researchers arrived at the following conclusion: 1. The implementation of R.A 7610 in the municipality of Silang does not obtain its main purpose unlike in the municipality of Bacoor which is slightly obtain its main purpose for the reason that will mentioned in the  preceding number. 2.

The researchers conclude that though the Municipality of Bacoor is vulnerable to violations of the said act compared to the Municipality of  Silang. Reasons affecting proper implementation of R.A. 7610:

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2.1 Larger population; having a large quantity of inhabitants in the municipality makes it difficult to ensure the implementation of  the act. 2.2 Territory; having a more urbanized municipality there would  be more areas that are secluded in such ways that it would be difficult to reach to the inhabitant to ensure its implementation. 2.3 Lack of general knowledge regarding R.A. 7610; during the data gathering most of the people involved in the cases filed only learned about the act during the time they filed their case. 2.4 Lack of action or policies to ensure the implementation by the authorities; authorities such as the municipal police officers, social welfare officers, and non-governmental agents much have the sufficient interest in ensuring the implementation of  the act in order to prevent violations. 3. With the reason mentioned above the researcher also conclude that being urbanized areas has advantages than the rural areas. In the sense that some  people who sojourn in a urbanized area tend to think openly and fight for  their rights unlike in the rural area that some people stick to norm that they  become to think rigidly and stiffly to the point that they forgot to fight for  their own stands.

Recommendation:

After the intensive study, research and data gathering; the following recommendation has been reached: 1. To Government

The state intervention is one of the major key for the people to attain its   primary goal. Since the government are the one that create, implement and execute laws, programs and plans that will help and protect the lives of the people

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who sojourn in its territory. Active involvement of the state in the pursuance and advocacy of R.A 7610 will be a great help. It is the most effective division of  government in implementing programs and plans for sustainable development. Since Local Government are the nearest to the people. It encouraged the latter to   participate in their programs and to become actively involve in some issue inclined in their rights. Local Government of two municipalities should have a strict implementation to attain the goal of R.A 7610. And also the latter should  plan a strategy that will ensure that certain programs about the implementation of  the protection of the rights of the children are well implemented even in the remote areas of Silang Cavite. 2. To Political Leaders

The leaders should promote the common good not for their own sake. Leader should prioritize the rights of the children since the latter will be the future generations of this nation. Leader should be the one that advocate the rights of  children and impose or create a law that will ensure the development of the latter. Leaders should be a role model and mould the children to become a better  statesman. We recommend that Leaders in this nation should prioritize, protect and cherish the youth and children of this nation. Leaders should start to strategize in how they will protect children without prejudicing them. They should be the  protector not the abuser of children. 2.1 The researcher recommend to the Political Leaders to implement a law

that will control or limit the growing population of this country. However  the researcher does not promote abortion, especially for those cases of  Sexual abuse. the researcher want the government to strategize and have a  big step against the growing population of this nation. 2.2 The researcher recommend that a leader in every municipalities, cities,

 provinces and Barangay should at least supervise and monitor heir own

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territory once a month. Especially those area that is far, secluded and cannot be reach by any vehicle, which the only means of communicating from its proper town is to walk. 2.3 The researchers also recommend that the policies regarding this law

should be monitor well, so that it will extremely imposed and implemented. And the people will become total aware of this existing law. 2.4 The researchers also recommend the active participation of the leader in

each political subdivision, to become aware and have active participation means solution to the unaware people of their area. And also people or  agent of the social welfare, the Non-Governmental Organization so that  people will become aware that R.A 7610 exist. 3. To the Resident of the two Municipalities

The researcher recommends the active participation of every resident who sojourn within the territory of the two municipalities. Active participation of  the people led a country into a better one. Resident of the two municipalities should be active; people should know their rights because this is for their own good. Residents play a vital role in protecting children rights, after all this is for their own children sake. They should consult or attend a meeting or   programs of the government do that they will know that such law exist just to  protect them or prohibit such act. They are also free to recommend and to suggest as long as it is address in the right authority Additional Recommendation 

For Women in the two Municipalities

In the Philippines women are actively participate in economic, socio-cultural and political development of the country. In Agenda 21 the government are encouraged to develop strategies that will eliminate obstacles to women’s full participation in sustainable development and  public life.

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

For the Children and Youth of the Two Municipalities

Children and youth are the future generations that is destined to inherit the world; after all the latter are the hopes and the future leader of  this world. Youth must be allowed to participate in the decision making   process for they have unique perspectives. They also possess a moral drives that can potentially alter many societies inequities. They must also have access to education, training and livelihood opportunities to enable them to lead better live. References

Books:

Bonifacio, Manuel P. (1992) Understanding the phenomenon of street children. Buzon, P., E. Hernani, T. Lumapas, and I. Morderno. (1997). A study of the selfesteem of the physically and sexually abused children of children’s help and assistance foundation, Inc.(CHAFI) and An analysis of their roles in the group. Hiew, Chok C. (1993). Child prostitution in the Philippines. Hiew, Chok C. (1995). Child Prostitution: Stopping the exploiters rehabilitating  the victims.

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Tolentino, Reyes P. (1993). Master plan of Operation Against Child Prostitution and Other Forms of Sexual Abuse. Metropolitan Police Service, London. Republic Act 7610 (special child projection law) as it relates to sexual and physical abuse of children.   Narvesen, Ove. (1988). The sexual exploitation of children in developing  countries. Redd Barna Norwegian Save the Children. Manila Bureau of Women and Minors, Ministry of Labour and Employment. (1986).   National Planning Workshop Concerning Women and Young  Workers, Manila Protacio-Marcelino, Elizabeth. De La Cruz, Ma. Teresa. Balanon, Faye. Camacho, Agnes Zenaida. (2000). Child abuses in the Philippines an integrated literature review and annotated bibliography. Published by the University of the Philippines Centre for Integrative and Development Studies Basement, Bahay ng Alumni UP Diliman, Quezon City.

Torres, Amaryllis T. (1995).   Rethinking dependency in the filipino family. Philippine Social Science Information

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Tuazon, Ma. Teresa. (1995). The stresses and ways of coping of children of  alcoholic fathers. Philippine Social Science Information US Department of Labour, Bureau of International Labour. (1994). Affairs by the  sweat and toil of children: The use of child labour in American Imports. A Report to the US Congress, Commitee on Appropriations. UN Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF). (1993). Child trafficking in East and  Southeast Asia: Reversing the Trend Calderon. Manila: National Book Store: Methods of Research and Thesis Writing  Helicon, (1999) Hatchinson Encyclopedia Demause,Llyod, (1998). The History of Child Abuse: The Journal of   Psychohistory

Jornals:

Franklin Drilon. (2000). Need for more laws to protect children Manila Bulletin

Ernesto Herrera. (2008). Six million abused kids in RP Manila tonite

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M.A madrigal, Child Rights agenda in the 21st century (2000), Manila Bulletin Department of labour and employment,   DOLE: number of working  children declining 

United Nation Children’s fund. UN: RP has one of the worst child trafficking  records

Employer Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP). 1 of 6 Filipino children a labourer 

 National Coalition against Child Labour. 4 Million Pinoy Kids Engaged in Child   Labour-study Ruth M. Ambojia. (1998). Perception on child abuse by selected level four high  school students of Immaculate Conception Stefanie Victoria. (1984). A case analysis. Web Articles:

http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/history.html

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