Yahoo Case Study
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Yahoo! Learning from the hindsight Introducing the Case
EPGDIB VSAT 2010_GroupII
Business Strategy Case Study
Yahoo (yet another hierarchical officious oracle), a dream turned reality for two Stanford engineering graduates. Created almost by accident, this web directory was drawn by 100,000 people per day and the need for expanding further into cyber space became essential. Further to fund their ambition, they hired KOOGLE as the CEO (a forty‐five‐year‐old engineer with fifteen years of experience in the management of high‐technology firms, including a stint as president of InterMec, a Seattle‐based manufacturer of bar code scanning equipment). Koogle envisaged Yahoo as a global media company whose principal asset would be a major Internet gateway or portal, which would enable anyone to connect. Koogle’s ambition was to transform Yahoo’s simple directory service into a conduit for bringing together buyers and sellers, thereby facilitating commercial transactions over the Web (e‐commerce). This vision would enable Yahoo to generate revenues from the sale of advertising space on its directory pages. Moreover, it would also garner significant revenues from e‐commerce transactions by taking a small slice of each transaction executed over its space. Issue identification In the first nine months of 2001, sales slumped by 34 percent and the company registered a loss of $84 million versus a profit of $169 million in the previous period. The profit decline reflected slumping advertising revenues, which accounted for close to 80 percent of Yahoo’s revenues in 2000. The problem, in the wake of a slowdown in business activity in the United States, had resulted in declining advertising revenues across the board. Moreover, many of the best advertisers on Yahoo had been other dot‐com companies, and a large number of these had gone bankrupt in 2001. 1.
To what extent was the evolution of strategy at Yahoo planned?
To what
extent was it an emergent response to unforeseen events? In light of growing popularity in 1999, yahoo entered into business with a simple rule of selling advertising space to all categories regardless of managing the risk involved with profile selection of the advertisers. Under the leadership of Koogle, yahoo implemented a corporate level strategy with a vision of launching yahoo as a global media company. Subsequently they were keen on choosing business focused on facilitating commercial transactions over the web. This effort would result in returns for yahoo. Finally, they also implemented a business level strategy by being aggressive on branding and providing additional services like personalization of web page to registered users. They also endeavor to get a better visibility by expanding and gaining foot print outside America.
Rahul Sarkar Jayant Sarkar Prashant Yadav
Dinesh Chugh
Yahoo! Learning from the hindsight
EPGDIB VSAT 2010_GroupII
Business Strategy Case Study
Yahoo’s evolution of strategy was not responsive to shield unforeseen events as there was lack of flexibility in terms of an alternative plan. Had their advertisement space been proportionally balanced with well diversified sector across the business stream, yahoo could have sustained its position as a market leader. 2. Could Yahoo have done a better job of anticipating the slowdown in advertising revenue that occurred in 2000 – 2001 and positioning itself for that slowdown? How? What might it have done differently from a strategic planning perspective? Had yahoo positioned itself strategically over the cyber space, it would have enabled the company to prepare for any unforeseen circumstance including the slowdown in advertising that occurred in 2000‐ 2001. During the first three quarters of 2001, yahoo encountered diminishing returns from the advertising space and allied revenues. Rather than avoiding the prevailing uncertainty, they should have switched to a short term strategy to tackle falling revenue in the final quarter. Yahoo should have demonstrated flexibility in the existing key processes rather than continued focus on generating advertising revenues from the dot com companies. Instead, Yahoo continued its interest in dot com sector and overlooked the impact of slow down on IT sector. They should have diversified and explored other sectors beyond dot com which would have given a level playing field in terms of risk distribution. From a strategic planning perspective, following are the points: EXIT strategy: yahoo could have determined its exit while experiencing the persistent downfall in dot com sector and should have laid down a strong exit strategy. Boundary strategy: yahoo never entered into business with a holistic approach. Had yahoo appreciated the existing environment and market dynamics, it would have increased possibilities for yahoo to provision for the balance market contribution and resulted in a sustainable business model. Innovation Strategy: yahoo could have explored other domains like web hosting, enterprise search, home entertainment subscription and online games etc. that could have been simultaneously co‐marketed by yahoo for direct customers and potential market opportunities. Rahul Sarkar Jayant Sarkar Prashant Yadav
Dinesh Chugh
Yahoo! Learning from the hindsight
EPGDIB VSAT 2010_GroupII
Business Strategy Case Study
3. Does Yahoo have a source of potential long-term competitive advantage? Where does this come from? Yes, yahoo certainly has a source of potential long term advantage.It came from the following factors: Rich and classified content‐ yahoo was a pioneer of variety in terms of content which catered to every visitor with the relevant information. Yahoo also exhibited precision towards categorizing content which enabled optimal search. Yahoo is known for it extensive web directory and its content which was classified as listed 200,000 web sites under 20,000 different categories and was being used by 800,000 people daily. Hardware infrastructure‐ the server space available with yahoo was significant. In terms of competitive advantage, it remains a challenge to imitate. With such a vast asset base, it definitely stands as one of the strongest competitive advantage to organisations. Intellectual property‐ yahoo used efficient algorithms and search engine optimization techniques for a better search experience. Yahoo has always roped in best talent and leads as an example in nurturing the best of human resources. 4.
What does Koogle’s resignation in May 2001 tell you about the role of a CEO in a public company?
Koogle’s resignation proves his recognition of failure to handling a technology driven, innovative and demanding business such as Yahoo! Therefore the take away is: 1. As a CEO, the primary role should be framing and ensuring implementation of clear vision. The CEO shall always be mindful of changing times and market dynamics. 2. A CEO should also formulate and drive a strong corporate level strategy which ensures the above average returns for the business. 3. A CEO should be well aware of the market dynamics and must possess skills to maneuver the organization during unanticipated times and chaotic environment. He should also be efficient enough to map an adequate contingency plan to manage market turbulence and inevitable circumstances. ‐‐‐END‐‐‐
Rahul Sarkar Jayant Sarkar Prashant Yadav
Dinesh Chugh
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