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Editing Test Brief 

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In this test, you will find extracts from research manuscripts.The test has been designed to gauge editorial sensibilities, language and grammar, mechanics and style, subject-matter expertise, referencing skills, logic and comprehension, and attention to detail. The passages contain errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling, and most of the sentences are not written in native English. You need to edit the passage (you will be told which one) by correcting these errors. Note that we do not share detailed test results/feedback in order to keep the test reusable.

Instructions      

Use Track Changes to edit the content (press Ctrl + Shift + E or select Track Changes from the Review tab). Make inline changes and do not strike off complete sentences and rewrite them separately. Use comments to communicate with the author. Comments can be inserted by selecting the relevant text and pressing Alt + I + M or New Comment from the Review tab. Use either American or British English, but not both. You may use a dictionary and/or thesaurus. Make a note of the time taken to complete editing each passage. Rename the file by adding your full name before the filename (e.g., “John Doe_Editing Test”).

Here are a few tips 1. Attention to detail: The edited passages should be free of all typographical errors. Authors tend to take a very serious note of these. 2. Language and grammar: Your edit should ensure that the passages are in flawless native English—adhering to the norms of good sentence structure, accurate word choice, and correct grammar and punctuation. Avoid informal words and expressions. 3. Content and meaning: When editing, be careful not to change the author’s content or the original meaning of a sentence or phrase. If you wish to make such a change because you think it is essential, bring this to the author’s attention through a comment. 4. Comments for the author: Communication with the author is important. Write comments to the author when you are not sure what a particular phrase means, when you are making a rather heavy edit, when you are unsure if your edit matches the original intent of the sentence, etc. 5. Consistency: Ensure consistency in edits and format: use abbreviations (if any) consistently, ensure that casing of terms and headings is consistent, etc.

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e EditSampl

Below is a sample edit to help you understand the kinds of edits you are expected to make. Motion complexity of a task depends not on the task itself but on how a human demonstrator shows demonstratesions of a the task, not depending a task itself. All There can be different successful demonstrations will be different even for of a single task, such as the a pouring task, depending on how much a the skill of the human demonstrator is skillful for in performing the demonstration motions and/or how

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Test Passages Biomedical Part 1 Whether the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is related to the decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has not been completely clarified yet. We have assessed TAC of blood serum in a group of 163 males with CHD aged between 34.8–77.0 years and in 163 age-matched peer individuals without CHD. Two spectrophotometries were applied to assess TAC; ferric reducing ability of serum (TAC-FRAS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyle (TAC-DPPH) tests. In CHD group, multivariate analysis reveal that uric acid (UA), triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure contributed independently to the TAC-FRAS variance. TAC-DPPH was favorably predicted by UA concentration, but negatively so by current smoking and glucose levels. In males without CHD, UA was the only independent determinant of both TAC-FRAS and TAC-DPPH. Presence of CHD was not independent predictor of TAC—observed between-group differences (higher TAC in CHD patients) disappeared after adjustment for other confounders. We conclude that UA is the main determinant of TAC of blood serum in males. TAC is also not directly influenced by age or CHD but is related to several indices of overweight/obesity and lab measures of metabolic syndrome, especially in CHD patients. Part 2 Metformin is one of the most widely prescribed antidiabetics for the type 2 diabetes. The critical role of metformin against tumorigenesis has recently been implicated, although several studies also reported the lack of anticancer property of the antidiabetics. Given the controversies regarding the potential role of metformin against tumour progression, the effect of metformin against breast, cervical and ovarian tumour cell lines was examined followed by in vivo assessment of metformin on tumour growth using xenograft breast cancer models. Significant inhibitory impact of metformin was found on MCF-7, HeLa, and SKOV-3 cells, suggesting an antiproliferative property of metformin against breast, cervical and ovarian tumour cells, respectively, with the breast tumour cells, MCF-7, being the most responsiveness. in vivo assessment was carried out subsequently, where mice with breast tumours were treated with metformin (20 mg/kg bo. wt.) or sterile PBS solution for 15 consecutive days. No inhibition of breast tumour progression was detected in these rats. However, tumour necrosis was significantly increased in the metformin-treated group, accompanied by decreased capillary formation within the tumours. Thus, despite the lack of short-term benefit of metformin against tumour progression, a preventive role of metformin against breast cancer was implicated in this study, which is at partially attributable to the attenuation of tumour angiogenesis.

Time taken to edit (in minutes): __ Part 1 Source: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Total Serum Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Men and in Men with Coronary Heart Disease by A. Gawron-Skarbek, J. Chrzczanowicz, J. Kostka, et al., used under CC-BY Part 2 Source: Attenuating Tumour Angiogenesis: A Preventive Role of Metformin against Breast Cancer by S. Gao, J. Jiang, P. Li, et al., used under CC-BY

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Neuroscience Introduction . Compound Muscle Action Potential (CMAP) scan is a non-invasive, promissing promissory technique for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. pathologies diagnosis. It allows a quick analysis of the muscle action potentials in response to motor nerve stimulation, by electrical stimulation applied on the surface of the motor nerve and response evaluation by surface Electromyography (sEMG) at muscle level. Each motor unit (MU) of muscles has a different stimulus intensity (SI) at which it is activated,. This means meaning that each MUs have has a different thresholds level. Varying the intensity of the stimuli applied, gradually, increasing from subthreshold to supramaximal values, will sequentially activate all MUs in the muscle. In this way, This way, it is possible to obtain a graphical representation of the amplitude of the evoked action potentials amplitude in the muscle versus the stimulation intensity. This record will show a sigmoidal tendency which is called the CMAP scan. To be used as a clinical tool, the stimulation parameters must be standardized and quantified in order to enable uniform collection and comparison of data. Several studies have been performed made recently to verify the potentiality potentials of this technique, that investigates investigating the influence of different parameters in the quality of the CMAP scan. In this work, new CMAP scan protocols were implemented to study the influence of electrical pulse waveforms on the peripheral nerve excitability. Methods . A total of 13 healthy subjects were tested. The Sstimulation was performed with an increasing intensities intensity range ranging from 4 to 30 mA. The procedure was repeated 4 times per subject with a different single pulse stimulation waveform: monophasic square and triangular and quadratic and biphasic square monophasic square, biphasic square, triangular, and quadratic. Results. Different waveforms elicit different intensity-response amplitude curves. The square pulse needs less current to generate the same amplitude response amplitude - regarding in comparison to the other waves waveforms,. This and this effect is gradually decreasing for the triangular, quadratic, and biphasic square pulse, respectively. Conclusion. The stimulation waveform has a direct influences effect on the stimulus-response slope and consequence on the motor neurons excitability. This technique can be used as a new tool for the prognostic diagnosis parameter for of neurodegenerative disorders.

Time taken to edit (in minutes): __ Source: Evaluation of Motor Neuron Excitability by CMAP Scanning with Electric Modulated Current by T. Araújo, R. Candeias, N. Nunes, et al., used under CC-BY

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Plant and animal sciences The argan forests (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) extend over 8700 square kilometers [1]. For centuries, the argan tree forests has have shaped the socioeconomic life of the southwestern Morocco, becoming a flagship species for the region and for the country [2]. This space has been declared by UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme as a biosphere reserve in 1998. The argan tree is the major tree species of Macaronesian formations, in a climate characterized by very large occult very little precipitation [3]. The Aargan tree is a thermophilic and xerophytic tree species, evolving that grows in warm, temperate and arid bioclimate (along the coast and in the plains) and as well as in warm, temperate and semiarid bioclimate (High Atlas and Anti-Atlas), with annual rainfall ranging from 400 mm in the north (Safi), 250 mm in the Souss Valley, and 150 mm in the Anti-Atlas to less than 100  mm in the southern areas of the desert nature [4]. This tree, which can live up to 250 years [5], provides multiple uses for the local population: its very hard wood and the shell of the fruit are used for heating, the leaves and the pulp of its fruit and the oil cake are a valuable fodder for the flock, its thorny branches are used as fence for agricultural plots, edible oil and cosmetics are derived from its seed, and finally the rich soil of the forest area is a very favorable area for intercropping. During In the recent years, the argan tree forests faceds many constraints problems that resulted in the weakening and degradation of the natural forest ecosystems. The argan forests face-experienced, in the recent decades, the changes in climate and many anthropozoogenic disturbances that resulted in a a reduction in the forest area and and its density. and This has inexorably lead to the weakening and deterioration of the natural forest ecosystems. As a part of the global forest resources assessment [6], the official figures provided by Morocco and relating related to the degradation of the argan tree forests showed a decrease of 111 km2 of the total forest area, of the argan tree between 1990 and 2005, which corresponds to a decrease of 7.4 km2/year. On the other hand, the argan forests are in almost total lack of lack a significant natural regeneration to overcome the climatic and anthropozoogenic disturbances[7].

Time taken to edit (in minutes): __ Source: Effects of Tree Shelters on the Survival and Growth of Argania spinosa Seedlings in Mediterranean Arid Environment by C. Defaa, S. Elantry, S. L. El Alami, et al., used under CC-BY