World's Tallest Structures
Short Description
While determining the world's tallest structure has generally been straightforward, the definition of the world'...
Description
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 1 of 19
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from World's tallest structures) While determining the world's tallest structure has generally been straightforward, the definition of the world's tallest building or the world's tallest tower is less clear. The disputes generally centre on what should be counted as a building or a tower, and what is being measured. In terms of absolute height, the tallest structure is currently the Burj Dubai, although it does not currently hold the official title of "Tallest Building in the World" until the building is officially opened. The current official holder of the "Tallest Building in the World" is held by Taipei 101. In addition, there are dozens of radio and television broadcasting towers which measure over 600 metres (about 2,000 feet) in height. There is, however, some debate about:
whether structures under construction should be included in the list whether structures rising out of water should have their belowwater height included.
For towers, there is debate over:
Burj Dubai in Dubai, United Arab Emirates is currently the world's tallest man-made structure. It was topped-out at 818 m (2,684 ft) on 17 January 2009.
whether guy-wire-supported structures should be counted
For buildings, there is debate over:
whether communication towers with observation galleries should be considered habitable buildings. whether only habitable height is considered. whether roof-top antennas should be considered towards height of buildings; with particular interest in whether components that look like spires can be either classified as antennas or architectural detail.
The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, the organization that determines the title of the "World’s Tallest Building," recognizes a building only if at least fifty percent of its height is made up of floor plates containing habitable floor area.[1] Structures that do not meet this criterion, such as the CN Tower, are defined as "towers."
Contents
1 Tallest structures 1.1 Tallest structure by category
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 2 of 19
1.2 Tallest destroyed structures by category, not surpassed by existing structures 1.3 Tallest building by function 2 Tallest buildings 2.1 History of record holders in each CTBUH category 3 World's tallest freestanding structure on land 3.1 History 3.2 World's highest observation deck 3.3 Timeline of guyed structures on land 4 Tallest structures, freestanding structures, and buildings 5 Under construction 6 Proposed 7 See also 8 References 9 External links
Tallest structures The tallest man-made structure is Burj Dubai, a skyscraper under construction in Dubai that reached 818 m (2,684 ft) in height on 17 January 2009.[2] By 7 April 2008 it had been built higher than the KVLY-TV mast in North Dakota, USA, which is still the tallest completed structure at 628.8 m (2,063 ft).[3] In September it officially surpassed Poland's 646.38 m (2,121 ft) Warsaw radio mast, which stood from 1974 to 1991, to become the tallest structure ever built. Guyed lattice towers such as these masts had held the world height record since 1954. The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, standing at 553.3 m (1,815 ft), is the world's tallest completed freestanding structure on land. Opened in 1976, it was surpassed in height by the rising Burj Dubai on September 12, 2007.[4][5][6] It has the world's second highest public observation deck at 446.5 m (1,465 ft).
KVLY-TV mast, the height record holder from 1963–1974 and 1991–2008.
The Petronius Platform stands 610 m (2,001 ft) off the sea floor leading some, including Guinness World Records 2007, to claim it as the tallest freestanding structure in the world. However, it is debated whether underwater height should be discounted in the same manner as height below grade is ignored on buildings. The Troll A platform is 472 m (1,549 ft), without any part of that height being supported by wires. The tension-leg type of oil platform has even greater below-water heights with several examples more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep. However, these platforms are not considered constant structures as the vast majority of their height is made up of the length of the tendons attaching the floating platforms to the sea floor. Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan is currently the world's tallest inhabited building in only one of the four main categories that are commonly measured: at 509.2 m (1,671 ft) as measured to its architectural height (spire). Its roof height 449.2 m (1,474 ft) and highest occupied floor 439.2 m (1,441 ft) have recently been overtaken by the Shanghai World Financial Center (roof height 487 m (1,598 ft); highest occupied floor 474 m (1,555 ft)). The Sears Tower is highest in the final category: the greatest height to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 3 of 19
top of antenna of any building in the world at 527.3 m (1,730 ft). On its completion, projected for late 2009, Burj Dubai will break the height record in all four categories for completed buildings by a wide margin. The Shanghai World Financial Center has the world's highest roof, highest occupied floor, and the world's highest public observation deck at 474.2 m (1,556 ft). It will retain the latter record after the completion of Burj Dubai, as Burj Dubai's observation deck will be at 442 m (1,450 ft).
Tallest structure by category Due to the disagreements over how to measure height and classify structures, engineers have created various definitions for categories of buildings and other structures. One measure includes the absolute height of a building, another includes only spires and other permanent architectural features, but not antennas. The tradition of including the spire on top of a building and not including the antenna dates back to the rivalry between the Chrysler Building and 40 Wall Street. A modern-day example is that the antenna on top of the Sears tower are not considered part of its architectural height, while the spires on top of the Petronas towers are counted.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario was the world's tallest freestanding structure on land from 1975 until Burj Dubai surpassed it in 2007, rising 553.33 m (1,815 ft). It is currently the world's tallest completed freestanding structure on land.
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
insulated against ground
VLF transmitter Lualualei
Twin towers
Lualualei, Hawaii
458.11 1,503
Petronas Twin Malaysia Towers
Kuala Lumpur
452
1,482
Chimney
GRES-2 Kazakhstan Power Station
Ekibastusz
419.7
1,377
Radar
Dimona Israel Radar Facility
Dimona
400
1,312
Guyed tubular steel mast
Belmont transmitting station
United Kingdom
Donington on 387.7 Bain
1,272
Lattice tower
Kiev TV Tower
Ukraine
Kiev
385
1,263
Partially guyed tower
Gerbrandy Tower
Netherlands
IJsselstein
366.8
1,203
Electricity pylon
Yangtze River Crossing, China Jiangyin
Jiangyin
346.5
1,137
Bridge pillar
Millau Viaduct
Millau
342
1,122
Iron tower
Tokyo Tower Japan
Tokyo
333
1,092
Five-sided building
JPMorgan United States Houston Chase Tower
305
1,002
Dam
Nurek Dam
300
984[7]
Concrete dam
Grande Switzerland Dixence Dam
Val d'Hérens 285
935[8]
Nanjing
257
843
United States
France
Tajikistan
Electricity Yangtze River China pylon built of Crossing, Nanjing concrete
Nurek
Clock tower
NTT Docomo Yoyogi Japan Building
Tokyo
240
790
Electricity pylon of HVDCpowerline
Yangtze River Crossing, China Wuhu
Wuhu
229
751
Minaret
Hassan II Mosque
Casablanca
210
689
Laasow, 205 Brandenburg
673
Morocco
Fuhrländer Wind turbine Wind Turbine Germany Laasow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
Page 4 of 19
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cooling tower
Niederaussem Germany Power Station
Niederaussem 200
656
Monument
Gateway Arch United States
St. Louis, Missouri
192
630
90° twisted building
Turning Torso Sweden
Malmö
190
623
Masonry tower
Anaconda Anaconda, United States Smelter Stack Montana
178.3
585
Inclined structure, Stadium
Le Stade Olympique
Canada
Montreal
175
574
Obelisk
San Jacinto Monument
United States
La Porte, Texas
173.7
570
Church building
Chicago Temple Building
United States Chicago
173
568
Masonry building
Mole Antonelliana
Italy
167
548
Masonry building
Philadelphia City Hall
United States Philadelphia
167
548
Ferris wheel
Singapore Flyer
Singapore
Singapore
165
541.3
Church tower Ulm Minster
Germany
Ulm
162
530
Vehicle Industrial hall Assembly Building
United States
Kennedy 160 Space Center
525
Spain
El Escorial
500
United States
Jackson, New 138.98 456 Jersey
Egypt
Giza, Cairo
Memorial cross
Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos
Roller coaster Kingda Ka
Torino
152.4
Tomb
Great Pyramid of Giza
Dome
Vatican City, St Peter's 136.57 448.06 Vatican City Rome Basilica dome
Suvarnabhumi Air traffic Airport Thailand control tower control tower Flagpole, Ashgabat free-standing Flagpole Equilateral
Bangkok
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
138.8
Page 5 of 19
455.2
132.2
433.7
133
436.4 [9]
Baltimore
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pentagon
World Trade Center
United States Baltimore
123.5
405
Statue (including pedestal)
Ushiku Daibutsu Bronze Buddha Statue
Japan
Ushiku
120
394
Storage silo
Henninger Turm
Germany
Frankfurt
120
394
Sculpture
Spire of Dublin
Ireland
Dublin
120
393
Germany
Leverkusen
118
387
Gliwice Radio Poland Tower
Gliwice
118
387
Pillar of third Aerial section of tramway Austria Gletscherbahn support tower Kaprun
Kaprun
113.6
373
Electricity pylon of powerline for single phase AC
BremenIndustriehafen Weser Germany Powerline Crossing
Bremen
111
364
Lighthouse
Yokohama Japan Marine Tower
Yokohama
106
324
Sphere
Stockholm Globe Arena
Stockholm
85
279
Pre-modern Chinese pagoda
Liaodi Pagoda China
Ding County, 84 Hebei
275
Lantern Tower
Boston Stump
Boston, Lincolnshire
83.05
272
Statue (not including pedestal)
The Mamayev Russia Monument
Volgograd
82
269
Brick lighthouse
Torre della Lanterna
Italy
Genoa
77
253
India
Delhi
72.5
237.8
Littau
59.5
195
Light Bayer Cross advertisement Leverkusen Wooden structure
Brick minaret Qutub Minar Electricity pylon (concrete, prefabricated)
Sweden
United Kingdom
Pylon 310 of powerline Switzerland InnertkirchenLittau-Mettlen
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
Page 6 of 19
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Monolithic obelisk
Tuthmosis II Obelisk
Italy
San Giovanni 36 in Laterano
Page 7 of 19
118.1
Tallest destroyed structures by category, not surpassed by existing structures There are some destroyed architectural structures which were taller than the tallest existing structure of their type. Category Guyed mast
Country
Structure
Warsaw Radio Poland Mast
Shushi-Wan Guyed tubular Omega steel mast Transmitter Structure for destructive scientific experiment
Smoky Shot Tower
Japan
United States
City
Height Height (m) (ft)
Remarks
Gąbin
646.38 2,121
completed in 1974, collapsed on August 8, 1991
ShushiWan
389
1,276
completed in 1973, dismantled in 1998
700
Guyed mast, which carried 44 kt yield nuclear bomb "Smoky" ( part of operation Plumbbob) on top until its explosion on August 31st, 1957
Nevada Test Site
213
Wooden structure
Mühlacker Wood Radio Tower
Germany
Mühlacker 190
623
completed in 1934, destroyed on April 6, 1945, by the Germans to prevent usage by the Allies.
Masonry building
Mole Antonelliana
Italy
Torino
167.5
549.5
spire destroyed by a tornado in 1953.
United Kingdom
Lincoln
160
524
completed in 1311, spire blown off in 1549
Pre-Industrial Lincoln Era building Cathedral
Tallest building by function
Category
Structure
Country
City
Architectural top m
ft
Mixed-Use*
Burj Dubai**
United Arab Emirates
Dubai
818
2,684
Office
Taipei 101
Taiwan
Taipei
509
1,671
Mixed-Use* (completed only)
John Hancock Center
United States
Chicago
344
1,127
Hotel
Rose Tower***
United Arab Emirates
Dubai
333
1,093
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Residential
Q1
Australia
Gold Coast, Queensland
Hotel (in use only)
Burj Al Arab
United Arab Emirates
Educational
Moscow State University
Russia
Hospital
Guy's Hospital
Library
Shanghai Library
Page 8 of 19
322.5
1,059
Dubai
321
1,053
Moscow
240
787
United Kingdom London
143
468
China
106
348
Shanghai
* Mixed-Use is defined as having three of more RE uses (such as retail, office, hotel, etc.) that are physically and functionally integrated in a single property and are mutually supporting.[10] ** As Burj Dubai is still under construction and not yet inhabitable, it currently does not serve a specific function. Upon completion, it will serve as a mixed use building. *** Although the Rose Tower is complete, it is not currently inhabited. Once the building's hotel opens (target date of April 2008 was not met), the tower will become the world's tallest building used exclusively as a hotel.
Tallest buildings Up until 1998 the tallest building status was essentially uncontested. Counting buildings as structures with floors throughout, and with antenna masts excluded, the Sears Tower in Chicago was considered the tallest. When the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were built, controversy arose because the spire extended nine metres higher than the roof of the Sears Tower. Excluding the spire, the Petronas Towers are not taller than the Sears Tower. At their convention in Chicago, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) reduced the Sears Tower from world's tallest and pronounced it not second tallest, but third, and pronounced Petronas as world's tallest. This action caused a considerable amount of controversy, so CTBUH defined four categories in which the world's tallest building can be measured:
Comparison of top skyscrapers with measurements to top of antenna along to the oldest modern one, the Eiffel Tower from 1889
[11]
1. Height to the architectural top (including spires and pinnacles, but not antennas, masts or flagpoles). This measurement is the most widely utilized and is used to define the rankings of the 100 Tallest Buildings in the World. 2. Highest Occupied Floor 3. Height to Top of Roof 4. Height to Tip
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The height is measured from the pavement level of the main entrance. At the time, the Sears Tower held first place in the second and third categories. Petronas held the first category, and the original World Trade Towers held the fourth. Within months, however, a new antenna mast was placed on the Sears Tower, giving it hold of the fourth category. On April 20, 2004, the Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan, was completed. Its completion gave it the world record for the first three categories. On July 21, 2007 it was announced that Burj Dubai had surpassed Taipei 101 in height, reaching 512 m (1,680 ft) tall. Burj Dubai was topped-out in early 2009 but is not yet completed.
Page 9 of 19
Current skyscrapers compared with notable under construction skyscrapers
Today, Taipei 101 leads in the first category with 509 m (1,671 ft), but has been surpassed in the second two categories by the Shanghai World Financial Center whose roof height is 492 m (1,614 ft) and whose highest occupied floor is at 474 m (1,555 ft). Before either of these buildings were completed, the first category was held by the Petronas Twin Towers with 452 m (1,483 ft), and before that by Sears Tower with 442 m (1,451 ft). The second and third categories were held by the Sears Tower, with 412 m (1,351 ft) and 442 m (1,451 ft) respectively. The Sears Tower still leads in the fourth category with 527 m (1,729 ft), previously held by the World Trade Center until the extension of the Chicago tower's western broadcast antenna in 2000, over a year prior to the Trade Center's destruction in 2001. Its antenna mast included, 1 World Trade Center measured 526 m (1,727 ft). The World Trade Center became the world's tallest buildings to be destroyed or demolished; indeed, its site entered the record books twice on September 11, 2001, in that category, replacing the Singer Building, which once stood a block from the WTC site. Structures such as the CN Tower, the Ostankino Tower and the Oriental Pearl Tower are excluded from these categories because they are not "habitable buildings", which are defined as frame structures made with floors and walls throughout.
History of record holders in each CTBUH category Date (Event)
Architectural top
Highest occupied Rooftop floor
Antenna
2008: Shanghai World Financial Center completed
Taipei 101
Shanghai World Financial Center
Shanghai World Financial Center
Sears Tower
2003: Taipei 101 completed
Taipei 101
Taipei 101
Taipei 101
Sears Tower
2000: Sears Tower antenna extension
Petronas Towers Sears Tower
Sears Tower
Sears Tower
1998: Petronas Towers completed
Petronas Towers Sears Tower
Sears Tower
World Trade Center
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1996: CTBUH defines categories
Sears Tower
Sears Tower
Sears Tower
Page 10 of 19
World Trade Center
World's tallest freestanding structure on land Freestanding structures include observation towers, monuments and other structures not generally considered to be "Habitable buildings", but excludes supported structures such as guyed masts and ocean drilling platforms. (See also history of tallest skyscrapers.) The world's tallest freestanding structure on land is defined as the tallest self-supporting man-made structure that stands above ground. This definition is different from that of world's tallest building or world's tallest structure based on the percent of the structure that is occupied and whether or not it is self-supporting or supported by exterior cables. Likewise, this definition does not count structures that are built underground or on the seabed, such as the Petronius Platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Visit world's tallest structure by category for a list of various other definitions. As of 12 May 2008, the tallest freestanding structure on land is the still under construction Burj Dubai in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The building, which now stands at 636 m (2,090 ft), surpassed the height of the previous record holder, the 553.3 m (1,815 ft) CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, on September 12, 2007. It is scheduled to be completed in 2009, and was topped out at 818 m (2,684 ft) in January 2009. [2]
History The following is a list of structures that have held the title as the tallest freestanding structure on land. (See also Timeline of three tallest structures in the world until Empire State Building).
record from
record to
tallest historical structures Name and Constructed Height Height Location (m) (ft)
Red Pyramid c. 2600 BC c. 2570 BC of Sneferu, Egypt Great c. 2570 BC c. AD 1311 Pyramid of Giza in Egypt
1311
1549
Lincoln Cathedral in England
c. 2600 BC
c. 2570 BC
1092–1311
St. Olaf's Church in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
105
146
160
Notes
345
481
By AD 1439, the Great Pyramid had eroded to a height of approximately 139 m (455 ft).
525
The central spire was destroyed in a storm in 1549. While the reputed height of 525 ft (160 m) is doubted by A.F. Kendrick, [12] other sources [which?] agree on this height. The spire burnt down after a lightning strike in 1625
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1549
1625
Tallinn, Estonia
1647
St. Mary's Church in Stralsund, Germany
1647
1874
1625
1438–1519
159
522
and was rebuilt several times. The current height is 123 m. The spire burnt down after a lightning strike in 1647. The current height is 104 m.
1384–1478
151
495
1874
Strasbourg Cathedral in France
1439
142
469
1876
St. Nikolai in Hamburg, Germany
1846–1874
147
483
1876
1880
Cathédrale Notre Dame in Rouen, France
1202–1876
151
495
1880
1884
Cologne Cathedral in Germany
1248–1880
157
515
1889
Washington Monument in Washington D.C., United States
1884
169
555
1884
1889
1930
1931
1967
Page 11 of 19
First structure to exceed 300 metres in height. The addition of a telecommunications tower in the 1950s brought the overall height to 324 m.
1930
Eiffel Tower in Paris, France
1889
300
986
1931
Chrysler Building in New York, United States
1928–1930
319
1,046
1967
Empire State Building in New York, United States
381
First building with 100+ stories. The addition of a 1,250 pinnacle and antennas later increased its overall height to 1,472 ft/448.7 m.
1975
Ostankino Tower in Moscow, Russia
537
Remains the tallest in 1,762 Europe. Fire in 2000 led to extensive renovation.
1930–1931
1963–1967
CN Tower in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
Remains the tallest in the
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1975
2007
2007
present
Toronto, Canada
1973–1976
Burj Dubai in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2004–2009
Page 12 of 19
Americas
553
1,815
818
Current holder of world's tallest freestanding 2,684 structure. Topped out at 818 m (2,684 ft).
Notable mentions include the Pharos (lighthouse) of Alexandria, built in the third century BC, and estimated between 115 to 135 m (383–440 ft). It was the world's tallest non-pyramidal building for many centuries. Another notable mention includes the Jetavanaramaya stupa in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, which was built in the third century, and was similarly tall at 122 m (400 ft). These were both the world's tallest or second tallest nonpyramidal buildings for over a thousand years. The tallest secular building between the collapse of the Pharos Diagram of the Principal High and the erection of the Washington Monument may have been Buildings of the Old World, 1884. the Torre del Mangia in Siena, which is 102 m tall, and was constructed in the first half of the fourteenth century, and the 97 m tall Torre degli Asinelli in Bologna, also Italy, built between 1109 and 1119.
World's highest observation deck Timeline of development of world's highest observation deck since inauguration of Eiffel Tower. Held record From
Name and Location
Constructed
To
Notes
902
369[13]
1211
A second observation deck is located on the 86th floor at 320 metres above ground.
1973
420
1378
Destroyed during the September 11, 2001 attacks
1976
446.5
1398
Two further observation decks 342 and 346
1889
1931
Empire State Building, New 1973 York City, USA
1931
1973
World Trade Center, New 1976 York City, USA 2008 CN Tower, Toronto,
Height of highest observation deck (ft)
Two further observation decks 57 and 115 metres above ground.
Eiffel Tower, 1931 Paris, France
1976
Height of highest observation deck (m)
1889
275
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canada Shanghai World Financial 2008 present Center, Shanghai, China
Page 13 of 19
metres above ground.
2008
474
1555
Other observation decks are 423 and 439 metres above ground.
Higher observation decks have existed on mountain peaks or cliffs, rather than on tall structures. For example, the Royal Gorge Bridge in Cañon City, Colorado, USA, was constructed in 1929 spanning the Royal Gorge at a height of 321 m (1095 ft.) above the Arkansas River.
Timeline of guyed structures on land As most of the tallest structures are guyed masts and the absolute height record of architectural structures on land is since 1954 kept by them, here is a timeline of world's tallest guyed masts, since the beginning of radio technology. As many large guyed masts were destroyed at the end of World War II, the dates for the years between 1945 and 1950 may be incorrect. If Wusung Radio Tower survived World War II, it was the tallest guyed structure shortly after World War II. Held record From
Name and Location
Constructed
To
Height Height (m) (ft)
Notes
Central mast of Eilvese 1913 1920 transmitter, Eilvese, Germany
1913
250
820
Mast was divided in 145 m by an insulator, demolished in 1931
Central masts of Nauen 1920 1923 Transmitter Station, Nauen, Germany
1920
260
853
2 masts, demolished in 1946
Masts of Ruiselede 1923 1933 transmitter, Ruiselede, Belgium
1923
287
942
8 masts, destroyed in 1940
1,031
Blaw-Knox Tower, insulated against ground, destroyed in 1945, afterwards rebuilt
1,099
Insulated against ground, dismantled in 1945
1933 1939
Lakihegy Tower, Lakihegy, Hungary
Deutschlandsender 1939 1945 Herzberg/Elster, Herzberg (Elster), Germany
1933
1939
Blaw-Knox Tower Liblice,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
314
335
Demolished on October 17, 1972 by
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Liblice, Czech Republic 1945 1946
1936
Lakihegy Tower, 1946 1948 Lakihegy, Hungary
280.4
Page 14 of 19
920
explosives. Replaced in 1976 by 2 355 masts. Blaw-Knox Tower, Insulated against ground, rebuilt after destruction in 1945
1946
314
1,031
1948 1949
WIVB-TV Tower, Colden, New York, USA
1948
321.9
1,056
1949 1950
Longwave transmitter Raszyn, Raszyn, Poland
1949
335
1,099
Insulated against ground
Forestport Tower, 1950 1954 Forestport, New York, USA
1950
371.25
1,218
Insulated against ground
Griffin Television Tower 1954 1959 Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
1954
480.5
1,576
KOBR-TV Tower, 1956 1959 Caprock, New Mexico, USA
1956
490.7
1,610
WGME TV Tower, Raymond, Maine, USA
1959
495
1,624
KFVS TV Mast, Cape 1960 1962 Girardeau County, Missouri, USA
1960
511.1
1,677
WTVM/WRBL-TV & 1962 1963 WVRK-FM Tower, Cusseta, Georgia, USA
1962
533
1,749
WIMZ-FM-Tower, 1963 1963 Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
1963
534.01
1,752
KVLY-TV mast, 1963 1974 Blanchard, North Dakota, USA
1963
628.8
2,063
1959 1960
Warsaw Radio Mast, 1974 1991 Gąbin, Poland 1991
KVLY-TV mast, Blanchard, North Dakota, USA
1974
646.4
2,121
1963
628.8
2,063
Collapsed in 1960
Located in Cusseta, Georgia
Mast radiator insulated against ground, collapsed in 1991
Tallest structures, freestanding structures, and buildings See also: Timeline of three tallest structures in the world
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 15 of 19
The list categories are:
The structures (supported) list uses pinnacle height and includes architectural structures of any type that might use some external support constructions like cables and are fully built in air. Only the three tallest are listed, as more than fifty US TV masts have stated heights of 600-610m (19692000 ft). The structures (media supported) list uses pinnacle height and includes architectural structures of any type that are not totally built in the air but are using support from other, denser media like salt water. All structures greater than 500 m (1,640 ft) are listed. The freestanding structures list uses pinnacle height and includes structures over 400 m (1,312 ft) that do not use guy-wires or other external supports. This means truly free standing on its own or, in similar sense, non-supported structures. The building list uses architectural height (excluding antennas) and includes only buildings, defined as consisting of habitable floors. Both of these follow CTBUH guidelines. All supertall buildings (300 m and higher) are listed.
Notes:
Seven buildings appear on the freestanding structures category list with different heights than of another category. This is due to the different measurement specifications of those lists. Only current heights and where reasonable target heights are listed. Historical heights of structures that e.g. did collapse are excluded.
Rank
Name and location
Year completed
Architectural top Floors [14]
Structures (supported) 1
KVLY-TV mast, Blanchard, North Dakota, United States
1963
629 m (2,064 ft)
–
2
KXJB-TV mast, Galesburg, North Dakota, United States
1998
628 m (2,060 ft)
–
3
KXTV/KOVR Tower, Walnut Grove, California, United States
2000
625 m (2,051 ft)
–
Structures (media supported) 1
Petronius Platform, Gulf of Mexico
2000
610 m (2,001 ft)
–
2
Baldpate Platform, Gulf of Mexico
1998
580 m (1,902.9 ft)
–
3
Bullwinkle Platform, Gulf of Mexico
1989
529 m (1,736 ft)
–
Freestanding structures 1
Burj Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (under construction)
2009
818 m (2,684 ft)
160
2
CN Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
1976
553 m (1,814 ft)
–
3
Ostankino Tower, Moscow, Russia
1967
540 m (1,772 ft)
–
4
Sears Tower, Chicago, United States
1974
527 m (1,729 ft)
108
5
Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan
2003
509 m (1,670 ft)
101
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 16 of 19
6
Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
2008
492 m (1,614 ft)
101
7
Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
1996
468 m (1,535 ft)
–
8
John Hancock Center, Chicago, United States 1969
457 m (1,500 ft)
100
9=
Petronas Tower I, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998
452 m (1,483 ft)
88
9=
Petronas Tower II, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998
452 m (1,483 ft)
88
11
Nanjing Greenland Financial Center, Nanjing, 2009 People's Republic of China
450 m (1,476 ft)
89
12
Empire State Building, New York City, United States
1931
449 (1,472 ft)
102
13
Milad Tower, Tehran, Iran
2007
435 m (1,427 ft)
–
14
Kuala Lumpur Tower, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1995
421 m (1,381 ft)
–
15
Jin Mao Building, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
1998
421 m (1,381 ft)
88
16
Chimney of GRES-2 Power Station, Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan
1987
420 m (1,378 ft)
–
17
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
2003
415 m (1,362 ft)
88
18
Tianjin Radio and Television Tower, Tianjin, 1991 People’s Republic of China
415 m (1,362 ft)
–
19
Central TV Tower, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
1992
405 m (1,329 ft)
–
Buildings 1
Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan
2003
509 m (1,670 ft)
101
2
Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
2008
492 m (1,614 ft)
101
3=
Petronas Tower I, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998
452 m (1,483 ft)
88
3=
Petronas Tower II, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1998
452 m (1,483 ft)
88
5
Nanjing Greenland Financial Center, Nanjing, 2009 People's Republic of China
450 m (1,476 ft)
89
6
Sears Tower, Chicago, United States
1974
442 m (1,450 ft)
108
7
Jin Mao Building, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
1998
421 m (1,381 ft)
88
8
Two International Finance Centre, Hong Kong
2003
415 m (1,362 ft)
88
9
CITIC Plaza, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
1997
391 m (1,283 ft)
80
10
Shun Hing Square, Shenzhen, People's
1996
384 m (1,260 ft)
69
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 17 of 19
Republic of China 11
Empire State Building, New York, United States
1931
381 m (1,250 ft)
102
12
Central Plaza, Hong Kong
1992
374 m (1,227 ft)
78
13
Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong
1990
367 m (1,204 ft)
70
14
Bank of America Tower, New York, United States
2008
366 m (1,201 ft)
54
15
Almas Tower, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2008
360 m (1,181 ft)
74
16
Emirates Office Tower, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2000
355 m (1,165 ft)
54
17
Tuntex Sky Tower, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
1997
348 m (1,142 ft)
85
18
Aon Center, Chicago, United States
1973
346 m (1,135 ft)
83
19
The Center, Hong Kong
1998
346 m (1,135 ft)
73
20
John Hancock Center, Chicago, United States 1969
344 m (1,129 ft)
100
21=
Rose Tower, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2007
333 m (1,093 ft)
72
21=
Shimao International Plaza, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
2006
333 m (1,093 ft)
60
23
Minsheng Bank Building, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
2007
331 m (1,086 ft)
68
24=
Ryugyong Hotel, Pyongyang, North Korea (topped out)
1992
330 m (1,083 ft)
105
24=
China World Trade Center Tower 3, Beijing, 2008 People's Republic of China
330 m (1,083 ft)
74
26
Q1 Tower, Gold Coast City, Australia
2005
323 m (1,060 ft)
78
27
Burj Al Arab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
1999
321 m (1,053 ft)
60
28=
Chrysler Building, New York, United States
1930
319 m (1,047 ft)
77
28=
Nina Tower I, Hong Kong
2007
319 m (1,047 ft)
80
28=
New York Times Building, New York, United States
2007
319 m (1,047 ft)
52
31
Bank of America Plaza, Atlanta, United States
1992
312 m (1,024 ft)
55
32
U.S. Bank Tower, Los Angeles, United States 1989
310 m (1,017 ft)
73
33
Menara Telekom, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2001
310 m (1,017 ft)
55
34
Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2000
309 m (1,014 ft)
56
35
One Island East, Hong Kong
2008
308 m (1,010 ft)
70
36
AT&T Corporate Center, Chicago, United States
1989
307 m (1,007 ft)
60
The Address Downtown Burj Dubai, Dubai,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 18 of 19
37
United Arab Emirates
2008
306 m (1,004 ft)
63
38
JPMorgan Chase Tower, Houston, United States
1982
305 m (1,001 ft)
75
39
Baiyoke Tower II, Bangkok, Thailand
1997
304 m (997 ft)
85
40
Two Prudential Plaza, Chicago, United States 1990
303 m (994 ft)
64
Source: Emporis
Under construction Numerous supertall skyscrapers are in various stages of proposal, planning, or construction. Each of the following are under construction and, depending on the order of completion, could become the world's tallest building or structure in at least one category:
Burj Dubai , under construction in Dubai, UAE, is topped-out at 818 m (2,684 ft) with 160 floors. It is currently taller than the CN Tower, the tallest completed freestanding structure. It became the tallest manmade structure of any kind in history when it passed the Warsaw radio mast in September 2008. Construction began in September 2004 and completion is expected in September 2009.
The Pentominium, under construction in Dubai, is expected to be 618 m (2,028 ft) tall and have 120 floors. If completed, it will be the tallest all-residential building in the world. Construction began in 2007 and completion is expected in 2011.
The Russia Tower, under construction in Moscow's International Business Centre, is expected to be 612.2 m (2,009 ft) tall and have 118 floors. If completed, it will surpass the below mentioned Federation Tower East as the tallest building in Europe. Construction began in September 2007 and completion is expected in 2012.
Incheon Tower is a 151-floor, 610 metres (2,000 ft) tower in Incheon, South Korea. It is estimated to be completed in 2012.
The Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower, under construction in Guangzhou, China, is expected to be 610.0 m (2,001 ft) tall. If completed, it will be tallest concrete tower. Construction began in November 2005 and completion is expected in 2009.
The Chicago Spire (formerly Fordham Spire), under construction in Chicago, is expected to be 609.6 m (2,000 ft) and have 150 floors. If completed, it would surpass the CN Tower as the tallest freestanding building in North America[15], and would be the second tallest all-residential building in the world (behind the aforementionned Pentominium). Construction began in June 2007 and completion is expected in early 2012.[16]
The Jakarta Tower (Menara Jakarta) is currently on-hold in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is expected to be 558 m (1,831 ft) tall up to the antenna, thus may be tallest concrete tower. It is expected to be completed in 2011.
The Federation Tower East, under construction in Moscow's International Business Centre, is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
List of tallest buildings and structures in the world - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Page 19 of 19
expected to be 506 m (1,660 ft) tall (to the tip of the spire) and have 93 floors. If completed, it will surpass the aforementionned Mercury City Tower as the tallest building in Europe. Construction began in 2003 and completion is expected in 2009.
The Tokyo Sky Tree under construction in Tokyo's Sumida district, is expected to be 610.6m (2,003 ft) tall. It will be a broadcasting tower to replace the old Tokyo Tower. Construction began in 2008 and completion is expected in 2011, with public access in the spring of 2012.
Proposed Many proposed structures have never been built, as yet, and many will probably never be built. See proposed tall buildings and structures for structures that have or are being proposed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_tallest_structures
2/4/2008
View more...
Comments
