Workbook Anserk Keys Advanced PDF

 

Answer Key JETSTREAM Advanced Workbook 1 The way we are Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 insecure 2 grumpily 3 charisma 4 friendliness; untrustworthy 5 competence 6 anxiety 7 stressful 8 eccentricity 2  1 outgoing 2 fascinatin fascinating g 3 ordinary 4 professional 5 dysfunctio dysfunctional nal 6 harassed 7 reliable   Mystery adjective: cross 3  1 used to 2 would 4  1 used to babysit 2 were going through 3 was [always] [always] being summoned 4 rang rang 5 had had [practically] [practically] given given up 6 was gardenin gardening g 7 had [completely] forgotten 8 spoilt/spoi spoilt/spoiled led 9 would enter 10 was [not] gardening 11 had been sorting out 12 declared 13 had finished 5  1 Sophie’s father brought his children up very strictly, as this was how had been / was brought up.   2 Sophie’s mother had been feeling / felt (that) she was getting more and more exhausted that winter because of the number of patients she (had) had to see / was having to see.   3 Sophie feigned / used used to feign / would would feign a headache so frequently (that) it was astonishing astonishin g (that) her father (had) never

midnight as it was a special occasion.   3 He’ He’ss a child prodigy and is capable of of   thinking many moves ahead in a chess game. 4 I very much doubt that you would be able to / could teach could teach him anything at all. 5 His parents are criticised for permitting him to stay up so late. 6 He begged to be allowed to play to play in an important chess competition; his parents might play, provided said that he could / might play, he got enough rest. 7 ‘I wonder if I could / might watch my grandson while he plays?’ the elderly lady asked the teacher. 8 He hasn’t been able to live to live a normal life for the last three years. 8  1 a 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 b 9  1 The doctor recommended giving the child multivitamin tablets. multivitamin  tablets.   2 It’ self-critical.. It’ss not helpful to be self-critical Imperfection / Imperfection imperfect is  / Being imperfect  is part of the human condition.   3 The mansion is fitted with a lot of antiburglary devices. burglary  devices.   4 Too much advice on parenting can make parents feel inadequate inadequate..   5 Forming For ming a semi-circle semi-circle,, the children swayed in time to the song.

realised what she was / had been up to. 4 That Saturday night, Sophie (had) changed into her pyjamas as usual, then (had) tiptoed upstairs and jumped into bed.   5 Sophie had just finished placing the wig and (the) bolster in her / the bed when her father knocked at / on the door.   6 ‘My dad used to be quite demanding, but he’s much less so these days,’ Sophie said/  says. 6  1 could / was able to 2 to be able 3 couldn’t / wasn’t able to 4 let 5 managed 6 could / was able to 7 manage

 

7  1 Although headult had been experienced chessplaying player, against the ten-an year-old boy was able to beat to beat him. 2 The children were allowed to stay to stay up till

12  1 12  2W 9A R 10 W 3M 4D 5R 6D 7M 8A 13   1 False (They’re very angry.) 13   2 True

 

6 It’s It’s not always easy to tell if a child is being mistreated.. mistreated undercooked,, you can get food   7 If meat is undercooked overcooked,, it can poisoning; but if it’s overcooked taste very dry.   8 The boy frequently didn’t go to school, and his non-attendance non-attendance worried  worried his teachers.   9 Emily was unwilling unwilling to  to help her mum in the house. 10   1 widened 2 wrinkling 3 pursed; raised 10 4 quiver 5 dropped open 11   1 beam 2 frown 3 pout 4 grin 5 smirk 11 6 grimace

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True   False (It’s a very genuine, attracti attractive ve smile.)   False (It’s very funny.)   True   False (You have a neutral expression that doesn’t give away your feelings.) 14   1 aggressio 14 aggression n 2 positive attitude 3 fake 4 grimacing / making making faces 5 uncool 6 hilarious 7 giggles 8 grin Track 02 Daniel I’m definitely a smiler, but to be honest, often the reason I smile is because I know that it’s very effective in social interaction. I’m a social worker and I often find myself dealing with people who have real anger problems ... you know, they sit there scowling and sneering with a face like thunder and I can’t be aggressive back. With people like that, smiling’s a really important signal, it shows you have a positive attitude to them. And it’s contagious – if the smile’s genuine, people smile back at you. It can really lift a situation. I smile a lot in my personal life, too – it’s become a habit! Monica I don’t smile a lot. I’m a very serious, driven person and pretty successful – I run a large company. Actually, I’m somewhat suspicious of people who smile a lot, I see it as a sign of insecurity and insincerity. You know, because I’m in a position of power, people have this tendency to lick my boots, and I really dislike it. I walk into a room and everyone’s grinning and beaming and it’s all fake – they’re trying to please me because of my senior status. What I look for in people is sincerity and authenticity. Having said that, of course I smile sometimes – I’m only human! Ali I’m extremely shy; in fact, I suffer from social anxiety. In other words, I’m very over-anxious and self-conscious when I’m with other people, particularly groups of people. I know I frown too much and I often find myself grimacing or making faces, which is really embarrassing. embarrassing. I just can’t help it, it’s terrible! I’m actually on a course now that’s helping me deal with my problem, and one of the things I’m doing, believe it or not, is practising smiling. I do it in front of the mirror. It’s helping. I can actually 2

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smile at people now with genuine warmth, instead of shaking like a leaf. Will I used to be very antisocial as a teenager. Smile? No way, I saw it as uncool. It’s hilarious when I look at old photos of myself. I’m either smirking at some private joke or pouting grumpily, but now, yeah, I have no problem with smiling. In fact, I’m embarrassed to say it, but people even tell me I have a really special smile. Someone told me last week I have the kind of smile that lights up a room. I didn’t know what to say. Secretly, I was very flattered, of course. Who doesn’t want to have a great smile? Robina As a comedian, my job is to make people laugh. Off stage, I hate to say, I’m very giggly and silly, I’m a bit of a schoolgirl in that respect. But when I first started out in this  job and was experimenting experimenting with my my persona, I found I got more laughs from the audience if I didn’t smile. You know how, if you say something funny with a straight face, people find it hilarious. Anyway, it’s very much part of my act now – telling jokes with a deadpan expression.. But I have to admit that sometimes expression it’s a struggle and I end up with a big grin on my face.

Reading 1  1 oddball 2 tedium 3 sprinting 4 press-ups 5 eyeballin eyeballing g 6 bounding 7 embellished nuts 9 whipped 2  8 Suggested answers 10 unanimous   1 He ran into the class and started doing press-ups.   2 He opened all the windows although it was freezing outside.   3 He told them they would not be using books, although it was an English literature literature class.   4 He told them questions were not allowed. 3  1 C 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 D 6 A 4  1 He used to be an actor.   2 He’d been hoping that the new teacher would behave oddly to make the lesson more interesting.   3 In their usual places in the front row of the classroom

 

 

4 He’s He’s the narrator narrator’’s friend, he’ he’ss 16 years old, he’s very tall, he’s not afraid of speaking up for himself, he often asks difficult questions.   5 She was the kind of girl who would read Shakespeare for pleasure. Peace.   6 She’d just finished reading War and Peace. 5  1 I predict you’ll go far.   2 Without batting an eyelid   3 Frankie thumped his fist on Ethan’s desk   4 set our teeth chattering   5 scratched his head   6 seeing the familiar gleam in Ethan’ Ethan’ss eye 6 Suggested answers   1 Frankie was pretending to be mad in order to introduce Hamlet  to  to the students and get them interested in the play. His behaviour was a way of getting the class to pay attention.   2 Frankie wasn’t mad and that was a good thing for the class, as they needed a good English literature teacher. But on the other hand, a crazy teacher would have been very amusing.

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 let it down; Let’ Let’ss say 2 let me down; letting him go 3 Let’ Let’ss shake on it. 2  1 (over)indulgent 2 Incompetence 3 uncontrollabl uncontrollable e 4 harassment 5 unreliable 6 inappropriate 7 restrictions 3  1 f 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 e 4  1 d 2 f 3 b 4 e 5 a 6 c 5  1 one 2 mother 3 sister 4 husband 5 child 6 marriage 7 children; brother / sister; sister; brother 8 previous 9 once / previously 6  sister Track/03 03 1  1 caught up on on things  things / stuff 2 how’s life treating treating  you? 3 happening on on   the home front front? ? 4 What’ What’ss been happening happening   with you? 5 how’ how’ss it going going on  on / with 6 made made  any headway 7 latest latest office  office gossip gossip  

2 Wild world Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 leopard 2 panda 3 turtle 4 crocodile 5 chimpanze chimpanzee e 6 dolphin 7 polar bear 8 bee 9 python 10 elephant 11 electric eel scorpion2 self-aware 13 beetle 14 hippopotamus hippopotam us 2  12 1 species 3 aquatic 4 warm-blooded 5 carnivorous 6 solitary 7 cooperative 8 altruistic 9 threatenin threatening g

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10 habitat loss 1 – 2 the 3 an 4 the 5 – 6 the 7 the 8 an 9 the 10 the 11 – 12 – 13 the 14 – 15 the 16 – 17 a 18 – 19 the 20 – 21 – 22 – 23 the 24 – 25 some 26 – 27 the 1 in the northern Thailand; saw an an elephant;  elephant; part of a music ensemble; The The  Weekly Times;; done an Times an article  article 2 in the warfare; in the Roman times; Some Some   historians claim; the war elephants 3 the the River  River Tigris; the the place  place to go; twice a  day; book a place 4 There There’’s a Mr Downes; the the University  University of Balgor; the Director of the the Department;  Department; the animal intelligence The Dangrek an important 5 The  Dangrek mountains; an  important elephant habitat 1 slithering 2 bouncing 3 dropped; flapping 4 paddling 5 prowled; pouncing 6 swinging 1 to swim like a fish 2 to have a memory like a sieve 3 to drive like a maniac 4 to have eyes like a hawk 5 to be as thin as a rake

6 to be be as stubborn stubborn as a mule 7 to sleep sleep like a baby 8 to be like chalk and cheese 9 to fight like cats and dogs 7  1 burning; ash 2 branches; tree 3 swears 4 rock; island 5 hunter 6 stage; players 7 kryptonite 8 moon; sun 9 dust 10 roads 8  Suggested answers   2 Religion, art and science all come from the same place in human beings. 3 Money has a negative influence, not a positive one.   5 The heart is lonely and searches for a true companion.  

10 I have lived in a different way to many people. 9  (* Possible answers, but not listed in the Student’s Book)   1 Arctic fox, polar bear, Arctic hare* 2 walrus, narwhal* 3 musk ox 4 whale 5 sea otter 6 Arctic fox, polar bear, bear, walrus (The young of the sea otter and seal (and  sometimes the the walrus) are called ‘pups’  ‘pups’ .) .) 7 seal, polar bear, walrus 8 seal, polar bear, bear, whale 10 Suggested answers   1 Arctic foxes have thick, white, camouflaged coats so that it’s hard to see them in the snow.   2 Walrus Walruses es have powerful tusks that they use to kill their prey. Answer key 

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3 Musk oxen give off a powerful odour during the mating season.   4 Whales and dolphins blow water out through a blowhole in the top of their heads.   5 Sea otters wrap themselves in kelp to stop them drifting away on the current.   6 Mammals such as polar bears and Arctic foxes give birth to cubs.   7 Animals such as seals and walruses are called ‘semi-aquatic’ because they can survive both in the water and on land.   8 Whales and seals have a thick layer of blubber to keep them warm. 11 1 fascinating (Fascinating Fascinating means  means ‘extremely interesting’. The other words are synonyms for ‘wonderful’.) Pristine means 2 pristine (Pristine  means ‘completely clean, in its original condition’. The other words all have the meaning of ‘shining brightly with flashes of light’.)   3 ice rink (An ice rink  is  is an enclosed area for skating. The other words are types of ice

 

4 It seems seems as if that that was the highlight highlight of the trip. 5 The sheep’ sheep’ss carcass smelt awful. 6 That walrus looks (very) like my grandfather!

Listening 14   1 Royal Python 2 Emperor Scorpion 14 3 hornets 15   1 False (The exotic pets the speaker talks 15 about are Royal Pythons, Emperor Scorpions, crocodiles and chimpanzees.)   2 True 3 False (Emperor Scorpions are shiny and black with big, scary-looking front claws.)   4 True   5 False (The upper bodies of chimpanzees are five times as strong as a human’s upper body.) 16   1 b 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 a 16 17   1 crocodile 2 chimpanze 17 chimpanzees es 3 Emperor Scorpions 4 crocodiles 5 chimpanzees

found in very cold latitudes.) Towering means 4 towering (Towering  means ‘extremely tall, especially compared with the surroundings’. The other words are synonyms for ‘extremely large’.) Entangle means 5 entangle (Entangle  means ‘to cause someone or something to be caught in something like a net’. The other words mean ‘to remove twists or knots in something’.) 6 crawl (Crawl  means  means to move forward on your hands and knees. The other words all involve bending your knees so you are close

Track 04 Do you fancy keeping a python as a pet? Lovely, cuddly creatures, aren’t they, and you can hang them round your neck just like a very large necklace. Or how about a crocodile? Not quite as cuddly as a python, perhaps, but bound to be quite a talking point round the dinner table. And then there’s scorpions – there’s quite a demand in the exotic-pet market for them too, while chimpanzees are a real status symbol for their owners. These are all wild creatures, and apart from chimpanzees,

to the ground but there is no movement forwards or backwards.) 12 1 We lay awake listening to the to the CD of humpback whales singing for what seemed like hours.   2 Are some animals able to sense people approaching before approaching  before they actually see see   them? 3 ü   4 Look! Look ! I can see a see a whale spouting spouting water  water by that ice floe over there! of garlic   5 The fish tasted of  garlic and Far Eastern spices. 6 ü 13   1 I hear the wildlife trip was well worth it. 13   2 The fox sounded as if it was in pain. 3 This tastes better now they’ve added salt.

they all haveseem a dangerous dang reputation reputation ... but this doesn’t to erous put people off, strange though it may seem to the rest of us. To people with a fear of snakes, one of the most common phobias, the idea of actually choosing to have a python, a creature that squeezes its prey to death, slithering about about anywhere near you seems as incomprehensible as putting your head in a hornets’ nest. But there are people who find snakes beautiful, interesting creatures, and for them, one type of snake, the Royal Python, is a popular choice. It’s non-venomous and it is a docile, even timid creature that tends to curl up in a ball if it feels threatened.. Royal Pythons can grow up to 1.5 threatened metres in length, but despite their size, they’re easy to look after and a good choice for people

 

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new to snake-keeping snake-keeping.. Perhaps it’s the appearance of Emperor Scorpions that makes them attractive as pets, who knows? They’re shiny and black, with big, scary-looking front front claws, and are one of the most common types of scorpion kept as pets. At up to eight inches in length, they’re one of the largest scorpion species in the world, and though, like Royal Pythons, they are basically docile creatures, if they sting you, you’ll certainly know it. Still, that doesn’t seem to deter some people from keeping them. Crocodiles are another matter, however, being extremely dangerous dangerous creatures, with a nasty habit of leaping out of rivers and pouncing on unsuspecting passers-by. People buy them as babies and are surprised when they grow into huge creatures capable of taking off an arm in one bite. Nonetheless, there are credible stories of crocodiles becoming tame enough to wander around people’s houses ... gulp! Compared to crocodiles, chimpanzees are a dream as household pets, and so similar to humans that their owners form lasting bonds with them, often grieving after their death as if for a child. Researchers agree that chimps experience mental as well as physical pain and enjoy physical and social contact and even laughter – just like humans. But you still need to think hard before choosing a chimp as a pet – their upper body strength is about five times that of a human and they can attack without warning.

Reading 2 not mentioned. 3   4 1 is gratitude 2 swaying 3 speakers 4 unprecedente unprecedented d 5 indifference 6 renown 7 snowballing 8 howling 9 keep a beat 10 going viral 4  1 renowned 2 is snowballing 3 has gone viral 4 gratitude 5 swaying 6 howling 7 indifferent to 8 speakers 9 keep a beat 10 unprecedented 5  1 G 2 C 3 D 4 B 5 A 6 E 6  Suggested answers   1 The fact that dolphins have self-awaren self-awareness ess and that elephants can feel compassion demonstrates that animals resemble human beings far more than was once thought.. thought

 

2 A baby sloth showing its gratitude by handing a petal to its carer carer is  is just one viral  example of YouTube videos going viral  every week. 3 But research shows that, unlike human beings, for the most part animals are indifferent indiffere nt to (human) music music.. 4 The bonobo Kanzi is an an exception exception to the rule that there aren’t many animal species that / which can keep a beat. beat. 5 Kanzi showed his ability to do this by tapping a rhythm back to a (university) researcher.. researcher 6 Some animals have shown themselves able to respond to music as a whole rather than rhythm alone. alone. 7 Elephants in a Belgian zoo responded to classical music by not only swinging their trunks in trunks  in time to the music, but also (by) swaying in unison. unison. 8 While classical music seemed to help  help  kennel dogs relax relax,, heavy-metal music induced increased body shaking /

nervousness.. nervousness 9 The response of the writer’s dog to a song by (the American folk rock singer) Bob Dylan was Dylan howl  rhythmically rhythmically..  was to howl 7  Suggested answers   1 There’ There’ss a huge difference between the response of humans and animals to music, and nothing can be done to change it. 2 Music and our response to it is an essential part of the way the human mind works. 3 A musical appreciation society is a club whose members listen to music and discuss it.

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1 1 raised; rising 2 remind 3 sensitive 4 excessive 5 lonely 6 effect 2  1 The installation of climbing apparatus in the chimps’ cage has made made them much happier. 2 Is the threat of imprisonment enough of a deterrent  for elephant poachers? deterrent 3 The fisherman only succeeded in untangling the untangling  the net after hours of work. 4 All varieties of snakes are carnivorous , feeding only on other animals such as lizards and rodents.   5 The declining / The decline in numbers in numbers of humpback whales over hundreds of Answer key 

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years is an established fact. 6 We were overwhel overwhelmed med by the majesty of  of  these awesome creatures creatures.. 3  1 e 2 a 3 f 4 c 5 b 6 d 4  1 Raising your voice   2 was born and raised 3 raising/raised questions 4 should have raised an objection to 5 give [Martin] a raise 6 money raised 5 1 A  If you’d give me a hand with this suitcase, I’d be so grateful.   B  I’m afraid I can’t help you because I have a bad back.   2 A  The noise that machine’s making is driving me mad. B  It’ss really getting to me too! It’     3 A  Many apologies, but could you possibly turn the volume down / turn down the volume? B  I really do apologise. I had no idea the music was bothering you.   4 A  Sorry to break it to you, but your    

   

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 Pronunciation point  1/2   1/2

1 advertise advertisement ment A 2 detail B 3 brochure B 4 garage B 5 leisure A 6 address A 7 vitamin B 8 schedule A

Check your progress 1 1  1 used to 2 would / used to 3 was always complaining 4 were able to 5 had been living / had lived 6 hear 2  1 Observing the the body  body language of the interviewees can can tell  tell you a lot about the way they feel. 2 The School children in the the UK  UK aren’t allowed to go to go on holiday during termtime and parents have to pay a fine if they take their children out of the school. the  school. 3 An An American  American teenager called Jordan Romero climbed the Mount Everest at the age of 13. There was the criticism as to whether he should have been allowed / permitted to permitted  to do this. can see 4 Look, up in the sky! I can  see two eagles flying towards flying  towards the the trees.  trees. 3 1 turtle’s 2 grimacing 3 semi-perma semi-permanent nent

cope with it any longer! Oh dear, I can’t apologise enough.

4 floe 5 outgoing 6 slithering 7 ice unappealing 8 harassed 9 under-occupied 10 pouted 4 1 do 2 While / Whereas 3 rather 4 for 5 which 6 as 7 involves 8 backed 9 proved / tended 10 society / world / culture

 

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Review quiz 1–2 1  1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 c 7 b 8 a 9 a 10 b 2  1 sea otter 2 whale 3 elephant 4 chimpanzee 5 Arctic fox 6 kangaroo 7 scorpion 8 African honey bee 3  1 Rosemary, in the novel We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves. Ourselves. She’s referring to her confusion as a result of being brought up with a chimpanzee ‘twin sister’. (Unit 2, page 21)   2 Justin says this to his friend after pushing him into a swimming pool. (Unit 1, page 9) 6

 

3 Whale watcher Michael Fishbach says this when describing how he released a humpback whale from a net. (Unit 2, audio 1.19) 4 Amy Chua’ Chua’ss daughter Lulu says this to her mother when Amy tries to force her to play a piano piece. (Unit 1, page 11) 5 Bethan says this to her husband Andy after he’s told her that she takes over most of the bed at night. (Unit 2, audio 1.21)

actions got me into a lot of trouble. I can’t tell you how sorry I am. My next-door neighbour is always complaining about something or other. B  Sorry to be the one to tell you, but you’re exactly the same. A  I’m sorry to disturb you, but could you let me pass? B  Sorry? A  I’d be grateful if you could let me pass. A  I apologise for disturbing you so late, but your dog’s barking again. I can’t   A  B

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3 On the money Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 beyond my means 2 income bracket 3 sales receipts; under control 4 bargain hunting 5 delayed gratification 6 reducing in the 8 pay 3rise 2  debt 1 has /7have setred2 earn has been issuing 4 started 5 have 6 is; have spent / have been spending

 

3  1 wealth 2 broke 3 burn 4 loaded 5 hard-up 6 prosperous / profitable 7 transactions / trading 8 exchange 4  1 give / offer someone credit 2 credit crunch 3 the credits 4 credit rating 5 be a credit to someone/something someone/som ething 6 deserve credit for 7 credit limit 8 be in credit 9 credit card 10 interest-free interest-free credit 11 take the credit credit for 12 buy something on credit   Suggested sentences   1 The suppliers have given Paul credit for the building materials, so he doesn’t have to pay for them until next month.   2 It’ It’ss been a lot more difficult to get a mortgage since the credit crunch of 2008.   3 It’ It’ss worth waiting until the end of the credits of a Pixar film, as they often add an extra funny scene.   4 After I got into financial difficulties difficulties,, my credit rating fell, and I couldn’t get a bank loan.   5 Natalie is a credit to her parents – they’re always so proud of her achievements.          

   

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6 Sean deserves the credit for the success of this project – he worked really hard on it. 7 I can’t spend any more on my credit card this month – I’ve reached my credit limit. 8 I’ve just been paid, so my bank account is in credit. 9 Zoe has just applied for a new credit card. 10 The furniture shop is offering interest-free credit this month, so we’re going to buy a new sofa. 11 Sean did all the hard work on the project, but Mark took most of the credit for it. 12 I couldn’t afford a new washing machine when mine broke down, so I had to buy one on credit. 1 grow on 2 rope 3 mouth 4 talks 5 water 6 made 1 Money for old rope 2 Money talks. 3 Money doesn’t grow on trees. 4 To be made of money 5 To put your money where your mouth is 6 To spend money like water 1d 2h 3g 4c 5e 6f 7a 8b Suggested answers investing $500,000 1 He’s on the point of investing $500,000 in his son’s new company. 2 Customers are not to share their share their banking log-in details with anyone. 3 The Chancellor is due to announce  announce 

tax breaks for digital entrepreneurs this afternoon.   4 We’re about to apply for apply for a mortgage. 9 1 you’ll ever use; I’ll stick 2 are you going going to; I’m going going to 3 get; get; will probably become 4 Won’t social media have taken over; will have 5 you’ll find; I’ll 6 I’ll have been running; are you going going to 7 Will you be be coming; I’ll be be 8 I’ll I’ll be working; I’ll be be spending 10   1 1694 2 accounts 3 debts 4 to maintain 10 5 stability 6 300 years 7 have been issued / have been been in in circulation circulation 8 have have been proven 9 fraud 10 the equivalent amount 11 value 12 use / exchange 11   1 It was founded in 1694 to manage the 11 government’s accounts and debts.   2 Its role has diversified and developed since then.   3 Its primary purpose is to maintain financial stability in the UK and ensure public confidence in the country’s currency.   4 Because we know it’ it’ss the Bank of England that prints and distributes the notes. 5 They help prevent fraud and counterfe counterfeiting. iting. 6 They are made of durable thin plastic. 7 It meant that the bank backed every pound with an equivalent amount in gold.   8 In a museum / the Bank of England museum 12   1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 12      

Track 07 Thank you, everyone. In a moment, you’ll be able to take a look at the impressi impressive ve collection of bank notes we have in this room going back over three centuries. But first, if I can have your attention, I’d just like to give you a brief introduction. The Bank of England has been in existence for a very long time and acts as the country’s money manager. First founded in 1694 in order to manage the government’s accounts and debts at a time when public finances were weak, its role has very much diversified and developed since then. Its primary purpose as a central bank has always been to maintain financial stability in the United Kingdom, so its most important function is to ensure public confidence in the country’s currency. Establishing Establishin g and maintaining our belief in the value of our money as a medium of exchange is something the Bank takes very seriously. I’ll Answer key 

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 just take a few moments, moments, if I may, may, to explain how this process works. The Bank of England has been issuing money in the form of coins and bank notes for over three hundred years. All that cash we carry around in our wallets and those figures we see on our bank statements are not just pieces of paper and metal, or printed ones, fives and zeros. We take it for granted that this money we’ve worked hard to earn is actually worth something. We can trust it because we know it’s the Bank of England that prints and distributes the bank notes. And these days, they include some very sophisticated security features which help to prevent fraud and counterfeiting. These measures help to maintain public confidence and ensure the country’s economy functions properly. The new clean and durable thin plastic bank notes we now have in circulation started to be issued in 2016, and these have been proven to be more secure than ever. In addition, the Bank of England makes sure it holds enough reserves to guarantee the money it prints. You may have seen the words ‘I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of …’ on a bank note. This promise is there because originally the bank note was an IOU for gold: the bank backed every pound with an equivalent amount in gold. Obviously that’s no longer possible, but money retains its value because of that trust I just mentioned – trust that you can spend the money and receive goods in exchange. When we buy something, the money is accepted at its face value – what it says in words that it’s worth – one, five, ten, twenty pounds. Now, that’s enough of an introduction from me, so do now take a look at the museum’s collection of bank notes just behind you …

Reading 1D 2E 3F 4A 5C 6B 1A 2C 3B 4C 5C 6A 7C 8A 1, 2, 7, 8 1 delicate 2 tight 3 profligate 4 pooled 5 thrifty 6 outgoings 7 boundaries 8 cautioned 9 treat 10 emulate 5 1 tie the knot, walk down the aisle   2 put something aside for a rainy day   3 Cupid’ Cupid’ss arrow strikes your heart   4 lay down some ground rules 1 2 3 4

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5 student studen t loan 6 joint bank account 7 credit rating

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 cashless 2 fraudulent 3 paperless 4 contactless 5 prosperity 6 penniless 7 miserly 8 meanness 2  1 e 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c 6 g 7 f 3  1 strapped (for cash) 2 destitute 3 insolvent 4 reduced circumstanc circumstances es 5 impecunious 6 bankrupt 7 flat broke 4  1 It’ It’ss all about 2 as soon as 3 The way it works is that 4 so [we can] get 5 In order to 6 to [check through your records you] have to 7 By doing 8 you see 9 It does it by 10 This is supposed to

4 Through the ages Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 tough 2 opaque; transparent 3 brittle 4 inorganic 5 stiff 6 absorbent; waterproof 7 non-metallic 8 conductive 9 magnetic 10 elastic 2  1 Precious metals have been used as currency for thousands of years. 2 Today, however, they are regarded mainly / mainly regarded as industrial commodities. 3 Precious metals will always be valued as a form of financial insurance. 4 Gold jewellery can be melted down and resold as pure gold.   5 This is why precious metals have always been so sought after. 6 The UK’ UK’ss gold reserves were sold over the period between 1999 and 2002. 7 Should Britain’s gold reserves have been sold when gold prices were so low? 3  1 John has just been been discharged  discharged from hospital.   2 If the conservatory hadn’t been been made  made of toughened glass, he would would  have have been  been very badly injured.   3 When the solar panels were were being  being installed.   4 When is it going to be repaired? be repaired?   5 I’m hoping it will be completed be completed by the end  

next week. 6 of Shouldn’t it be be done  done sooner than that? 7 Unfortunate Unfortunately ly,, we can’t get it done done any  any sooner.

 

8 Those GM plants should never have been  been  allowed to be planted there. being planted 9 They aren’t being  planted anywhere else around here, are they?   10 How was was  the situation ever situation ever allowed to happen? 11 Permission must must have been given by by the  the council. 4  1 valuable / expensive / costly 2 costly 3 valued 4 value 5 precious / valuable 6 valued 7 value 8 priceless / beyond price 9 invaluable 5  1 I bought a five-litre petrol can. can. 2 Please don’t come though the main door instead. entrance, use the side door instead.   3 Because it was an aluminium can, it can, it was easy to crush.   4 You can get a 10% discount on gym club membership if membership  if you pay a year in advance. 5 To my surprise, the milk cartons in cartons in the fridge were filled with orange juice.   6 As usual, she’ she’ss made a beautiful flower arrangement.. / As usual, her flower arrangement  

   

5 6 7 8 9

What is the aim/purpose of data mining? Why is trolling so prevalent? How can we retain online privacy?   What is identity theft?   What kind of information do phishing emails ask for?   10 How do I know if my computer has been hacked? 11   a 5 b 2 c 4 d 1 e 3 11 12   1 B 2 A 3 B 4 D 12 Track 09 By rights, I shouldn’ shouldn’tt be here. Fifteen years ago, both my kidneys failed due to a hereditary kidney disease and I spent three years on dialysis. Being attached to a huge dialysis machine three times a week wasn’t as bad as it sounds, but there came a time when it looked as if I wasn’t going to last long. It was then that my sister stepped in and offered to donate a kidney. By great good fortune, we were a perfect tissue match, both our transplant operations were a success and today I have

arrangement is beautiful. arrangement is frame is beginning to rot 7 The window frame is and needs to be replaced. 6  2 serving dish / vegetable vegetable dish; salad bowl 3 cheese board; cheese knife 4 sandwich sandwich toaster / maker 5 garlic garlic press press / crusher; crusher; vegetable peeler 6 carving knife 7 ice-cream maker; coffee machine / percolator percolator 8 food processor 9 dinner plates; place mats 10 egg timer 7 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a, b 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 a, b 9a 8 1 a banana skin 2 the bottom of the

completely normal kidney function. There’s no way I can express my gratitude to my sister for the gift of life she so willingly made me. My gratitude also extends to the entire medical profession. professio n. The phrase ‘the wonders of medical science’ is a cliché, but to be walking around with my sister’s kidney can only be described as a miracle. Transplantation is the moving of a part of one body to a different area in one’s own body or to another body. Its history goes back much longer than you would expect. There’s an apocryphal story of an ancient Chinese

cupboard; the bear’ bear’ss eyes 3 sisters-insisters-in-law; law; a four-day journey 4 Copies of the document 5 Skin discolouration / Discolouration of the skin 9 1 city-centre apartment 2 a five-minute walk 3 undergrou underground nd station 4 apartment apartment owner / owner of the apartment 5 rubbish rubbish bins 6 her husband’s office 7 bedroom window 8 rose beds / beds of roses roses 9 flock of birds 10   Suggested answers 10   1 Why is there so much online fraud?   2 Do you think free online content will continue? 3 Do banks pay enough attention to cyber security?   4 How can piracy be prevented? prevented? / Can piracy be prevented?

physician called Pien Chi’ao exchanging the hearts of two men and there is evidence of the Indian surgeon Sushruta transplanting skin from one part of the body to another as long ago as the second century BC. Jumping forward in time, we know that the Italian surgeon Gasparo Tagliacozzi performed successful skin grafts in the late 16th century. The first transplant where an organ was implanted in order to replace an organ function was a thyroid transplant transplant in 1883. By 1900, the idea that failed organs can be replaced through transplantation transplantati on was generally accepted, and scientific progress was steady. The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant in 1954 between identical twins, who, because they were genetically identical, Answer key 

9

 

did not need immunosuppression. By this time, the search was on in earnest to find ways to prevent foreign tissue – tissue that does not belong to the body – from being rejected by the immune system, since people who received transplanted organs did not survive long. Amid a blaze of publicity, the South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard performed the first heart transplant in December 1967, but the recipient only survived 18 days. It was with the development of immunosuppressants, drugs that suppress the immune system, that organ transplantation became a real means of saving lives, and by 1984 organ transplants were becoming commonplace. Then the problem became one of finding organ donors. Taking organs from deceased donors requires the consent of their relatives, and it’s not often given, but in recent years, living donors, usually relatives of the recipient, have been on the increase. It’s not unknown now for friends to donate or even for a stranger to give an organ to someone in need as an act of the purest altruism. Meanwhile, transplantation transplantati on as a science continues to make breakthroughs. The first full facial transplant was performed in 2010 in Spain. The race is on now is to grow organs in the lab using the person’s own stem cells and transplant them into the body, thus overcoming the problem of rejection.

Reading 2  1 1970s 2 1990s 3 1980s 4 1950s 5 1950s 6 1960s 3  1 shoot 2 White goods; chores 3 modern conveniences 4 immersed 5 pernicious 6 tool kit 7 breadwinner 8 blueprint 4 1B 2A 3C 4D 5C 5 card games, ballroom dancing, camping, indoor golf, chopper-bike races, line dancing, gym workouts 6  1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 a 6 a 7 b 7  1 To go back in time means time means ‘to travel to a time in the past’; to be back in time for  something means ‘to not to arrive late for it’.

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 principle 2 prosecutio prosecution n 3 access 4 delicacy 5 insurance 6 virtual 7 sliding 8 piracy 9 consume 2  1 e 2 b 3 g 4 c 5 h 6 a 7 f 8 d 3  1 was set free 2 were (dead) set against 3 set your mind on 4 set 5 setting 6 set up a meeting 7 to set 8 set of 4  Suggested answers  

1 An apple tree is a tree that has apples (on it). 2 A lemon lemon squeezer is a device device that squeezes lemons. 3 A measuring jug is a jug that measures things / liquid(s). 4 A shop assistant is an assistant who works in a shop. 5 A silk silk scarf is a scarf (that is) is) made of silk. silk. 6 A carpenter carpenter’’s hammer a hammer (that is) used by / that belongs to a carpenter.   7 A three-day three-day course is a course course that lasts three days. 8 A glass glass of of water is a glass with water in it. 5  1 Sorry, I’ve no idea idea how  how to do that. 2 Am I right in in thinking  thinking it’s the one in the left-hand corner? 3 Could you take / talk me talk me through how to do that? 4 Can you explain / clarify what clarify what you mean by CPU, please? 5 What?! I’d really appreciate some clarification on clarification  on why the cost is so high. 6 You still can’t explain to me what was wrong with it, can can you?  you? 7 You mean mean you  you won’t be able to get it repaired today?

Review quiz 3–4 1 1a 2b 3c 4b 5b 6c 7a 8a 9b 10 c 2 Suggested answers   1 Paper can be made from both these things.   2 They’re two of the richest men in the world.   3 They’re both characters in the short story  A Diamond as Big Big as the Ritz  by  by F. Scott Fitzgerald. 4 They’re both ways of funding projects 5 They’re both examples of ceramics. 3 1 A spoiled child of someone rich and famous who has more money than they know what to do with

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Answer key 

 

 

 

 

2 An American Lawyer and the author of I Know Who You Are and I Saw What You Did  3 The heir to the pharmaceutical and personal care company Johnson & Johnson 4 A digital currency 5 A short comedy sketch about internet geeks, written, produced and directed by Julian Smith 6 A song by Jessie J

 Pronunciation point  1 interconnectivity, interconnect ivity, ubiquitous, phenomenal, sedentary, instantaneously, entrepreneur, confectionery, enthusiastically, pharmaceutical, philanthropic, autonomous

Check your progress 2 1  1 They have been discussing the transaction for two hours now, and it sounds like a decision will soon be made / will be made

2

 

3

4

 

5

soon about / as to whether to / we / they go ahead. I’ve saved / been saving for years, and by 2025, I will have accumulated about $20,000. I only discovered (that) my daughter was being bullied online after it had gone on / had been going on for several months. The exhibition, which has attracted huge numbers of visitors in / over the past three months, is to be moved to another museum in a few days’ time. This time next week I will be taking part in

an online permission conference about / onnew whether planning permis sion for a / the tower block should have been granted last month. 2  1 bank balance; savings account 2 The The bottom bottom of my laptop laptop 3 collection collection of antiques / antiques antiques collection collection 4 painting painting of an an orchard; junk shop 5 a three-minute walk / three minutes’ walk 3  1 inorganic 2 priceless 3 food processor 4 bargain hunting; ice-cream maker 5 within my means 6 absorbent 7 carving knife 8 brittle 9 income bracket 4  1 anthropol anthropologist ogist 2 All 3 well 4 granted 5 giving 6 though / although 7 rate 8 part 9 lack / dearth 10 bear

5 Island hopping Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1 1 ferry; mainland 2 archipela archipelagos gos 3 uninhabited 4 outlying 5 atoll; lagoon 6 islanders islanders 7 island-hopping island-hopping / sailing / cruising cruising 8 volcanic 2 1 especially especially 2 Not only that / Furthermore 3 Instead of 4 for example 5 unless 6 literally 7 However / Unfortunatel Unfortunatelyy 8 so / consequently / therefore 3 1 for a start 2 not only that 3 but 4 Well 5 literally 6 In other words 7 Absolutely 8 kind of 9 instead of 4 1/2 but, instead of 3 absolutely 4 kind of 5 literally 6 for a start 7 in other words 8 well 5 1 may not have wanted wanted 2 can’t can’t have been 3 must must have missed / forgotten forgotten 4 must must have been / lived 5 can’t can’t have been able to 6 might might have have survived survived / lived 7 must must have been 6 1 couldn’t couldn’t have left left 2 couldn’t couldn’t have taken taken 3 must have befriended 4 Might / Would people ever have discovered 5 wouldn’t wouldn’t have been buried 6 could / would have remained 7 oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have been 8 might  / would not have starved starved 9 might not have written 10 wouldn’t have become 7 1 made a search 2 make it ashore 3 making our way 4 made for 5 made it 6 made 7 make of 8 make up 9 make out 10 make up for 8 1 make out 2 make of 3 made an [important] discovery 4 made a [thorough] search 5 makes it 6 make up 7 make it ashore 8 make your way 9 make for 10 make up for 9 1 itself 2 continent 3 main 4 by the sea 5 less 6 well 7 if 8 were 9 me 10 because 11 therefore 12 whom 13 for 10   1 A student and her tutor 10   2 Yes, they do. 11   1 False 2 True 3 False 4 True 5 True 11 6 False 12   1 Comparing a clod of earth and a 12 promontory promonto ry with a small and a big person   2 A (large) house 3 Ring a special bell  

4 A continent

Answer key 

11

 

Track 12 TUTOR  So, Linda, Linda, can you tell tell me what Donne Donne is talking about in this poem? LINDA  Well, it seemed a bit gloomy at first, but I think he’s really just reflecting on how all of humanity are connected to each other, so in that sense it’s got a powerful message. TUTOR  That’ That’ss right. He describes how even if  just a clod – a small small piece of earth – is washed away, it’s the same as if it were a whole promontory – you know, a big rocky chunk of land sticking out into the sea – and it’s as if the whole of Europe has lost something. LINDA  Right. I really like that image. A big person or a little person, we’re all the same. Also, he takes it further and makes it personal. Like even if it’s your friend’s manor – their house – it’s just as important as yours. TUTOR  What does he mean mean when when he says ‘any ‘any man’s death diminishes me’?   It’s It’s saying we should care about the rest of the world, because we’re all involved with each other. When one person suffers, we all suffer. He compares the human race with a continent that we’re all part of. It’s pretty cool. TUTOR  And what about about the bells bells in in the last two lines? What is he referring to, do you think? LINDA  Well, didn’t churches use to ring the bells when someone died? TUTOR  They did. did. And And people people would of course course recognise the toll – the sound of bells

Reading 1 a 5 b 10 c 7 d 1 e 6 f 8 g 2 h 4 i 3  j 9 2 1f 2i 3h 4a 5k 6j 7l 8c 9g 10 e 11 b 12 d 3  1 C 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 B 4  1 Telemachus 2 Odysseus 3 Polyphemus 4 Poseidon 5 Hermes 6 Calypso 7 Penelope 8 Homer

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1 1f 2h 3b 4e 5g 6d 7a 8c 2 1 mak make e allowances allowances for 2 made made a splash 3 made a [valid] point 4 make the best best of 5 made time for 6 make amends 7 make up our minds 8 make up for 3  1 haven 2 asylum 3 hideaway 4 enclave 5 retreat 6 refuge 7 sanctuary 4 1 what were we saying saying 2 you you know know 3 actually 4 Especially 5 you know? 6 But on the other hand 7 anyway anyway 8 by the way

LINDA

ringing.   So I think at the end of the poem he’ he’ss saying you don’t have to ask who the bell is ringing for, it’s ringing for everyone, as if a part of you also died because we’re all connected. Everyone’s important – if we think we’re like an island, then we’re not concerned with other people. It’s so true, even for today – if not more so, because we’re living in the media age where we know pretty much everything that’s happening all the time. Yet some people still think it doesn’t affect them. It’s such a simple idea, but it’s so true. TUTOR  Absolutely spot on. Now let’ let’ss look at … LINDA

12

Answer key 

6 Aspects of society Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 compassion 2 empathy 3 humanitarian 4 volunteering 5 sustainabil sustainability ity 6 donate 7 generosity 8 selflessness 2  1 charity; donations 2 humanitarian 3 selfless; volunteers 4 generous generous;; compassion compassion 5 empathise 3  1 smog 2 frenemies 3 malware 4 mocktail 5 staycation 6 infomercia infomercials ls 7 chillax 8 simulcast 4  1 always 2 use 3 ‘who’ 4 ‘who’ 5 ‘which’ or ‘whom’ 6 ‘who’ 5  1 to which 2 who 3 whose 4 who 5 for whom 6 which / that 6  1 Architecture, which is different from art because it’s designing for people, is a social practice.   2 Social architectur architecture, e, which is regenerative for the city, needs to be affordable. 3 Single people want to be around other young people with whom they can enjoy entertainment and/or culture. 4 People with children want to live in the

 

proximity of family who can help them with their work–life balance. 5 Technology has changed building methods, which could make the design of houses

 

more flexible.   6 Architects have to choose building sites which have access to water. 7  1 vintage 2 antique 3 jaw-dropping 4 immense 5 minimalist; functional 6 cosy 7 green 8 retro 8  1 open-plan 2 tub 3 master 4 garden 5 built-in 6 wood-burning 9  1 c 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 f 6 b 10   1 cautiously 2 definitely 3 extremely 10 4 fortunately 5 just 6 lately 7 nearby 8 obviously 9 personally 10 usually   Mystery adverb: evidently 11   Suggested answers 11   1 She hasn’t been going out very much lately.. lately   2 Personally Personally,, I think marriage is quite outdated. / I think marriage is quite outdated, personally personally..   3 I just  just wish  wish Jude would get a job – do something with her life! / I wish Jude would just would  just get  get a job – do something with her life! / I wish Jude would get a job – just – just      

     

do something with her life! extremely annoying 4 It’s extremely  annoying to live in the city and never get out to see any nature. Fortunately,, Rafi inherited some money 5 Fortunately from his grandparents so that he could buy a house. / Rafi fortunately fortunately inherited  inherited some money from his grandparents so that he could buy a house.. 6 I definitely definitely wouldn’t  wouldn’t want to live in an area that is so prone to earthquakes. 7 I usually usually go  go to the gym at lunchtimes. / Usually I I go to the gym at lunchtimes. Usually obviously difficult 8 Divorce Div orce is obviously  difficult when there are children involved. / Divorce is difficult when there are children involved, obviously.. / Obviously obviously Obviously divorce  divorce is difficult when there are children involved.

12 C 13 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 A 14 1 14 million 2 under 65 3 two million 4 50% / 50 50 per per cent cent 5 200,000 200,000 Track 13 REPORTER  

The UK’s 14 million grandparents, half of whom are under 65 and may not yet have even retired, are a big asset to families, and in recent years have been playing a greater role than ever in helping to take care of children. Not only do they

BRENDAN 

have all that love and care to give their offspring’s children, but huge numbers of them have also been giving their unpaid time in childcare. Why is the generation that should be putting their feet up stepping in more and more to help their adult children with the stresses of the work–family life balance? Brendan O’Shea has the story. That’s right, Lydia. According to some recent statistics, more than two million grandmothers and grandfathers take time off from their jobs to regularly look after a grandchild. A lot of grandparents find themselves volunteering to look after their grandchildren, usually in order to help their adult sons and daughters go to work, study or train. They may find themselves providing what is basically free childcare, which in many cases would otherwise be

prohibitively expensive. As more prohibitively and more women go back to paid work after having a child, the issue of childcare is a pressing one. Some estimates indicate that grandpar grandparents ents are providing more than half of all childcare in the UK! A lot of kids may even be spending more time with their grandparents than with their parents, if they’re working long hours, for example. REPORTER   And is there anyone out there to whom grandparents grandparents can turn for BRENDAN 

advice? Well, yes, there is. The national charity Grandparents Plus champions the rights of grandparents and the role of the extended family in the lives of children in general. Known as ‘kinship carers’, it’s clear that without the support and generosity of the army of hidden family members, many parents would be struggling financially and, well, just in practical terms – someone to pick up the kids from school, prepare food for them and look after their welfare when Mum and Dad are out at work. It’s not surprising that many of those grandparents, who are nevertheless Answer key 

13

 

still fit and active, support moves to campaign for an entitlement to unpaid leave for grandparents – for example to help care for a grandchild who’s sick. In addition, around 200,000 grandparents and other family members are raising children completely by themselves without financial help. Some campaigners are saying that these family carers are saving the state money by looking after children who would otherwise be in the care system. REPORTER   Well, a lot lot to think about there, there, Brendan. Thanks and …

Reading 1  1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 C 2 1 a We are reading fewer newspapers newspapers..   b We are using more plastic bottles.   2 a There are complicated collection timetables and bulky boxes to be kept outside front doors. b Animals upset bins at night. 3 a The volume of rubbish collected is higher. b They can use the same lorries lorries for for all types of waste.   4 a The wrong items are being put into the recycling.   b The rubbish is unclean. 3  1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 a 6 a 7 b 8 b 4  1 landfill 2 prowling 3 stringent 4 conscienti conscientiously ously 5 bulky 6 contaminate contaminated d 7 directive 8 acute    

5  1 green fatigue (lines 7–10) 2 high-densit high-densityy housing (lines 15–18) 3 round-the-cl round-the-clock ock digital (lines 28–32) 4 caught caught up up with (lines 36–38) 5 mixed-bin recycling (lines 40–45) 6 can be bothered (lines 65–67)

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 second 2 call 3 back-to 4 in 5 take its course 6 Mother 7 forces 8 better 2  the tip tip of the iceberg; iceberg; a breath breath of fresh fresh air; a drop in the ocean; a vale of tears; can’t see the wood for the trees; the salt of the earth; make a mountain out of a molehill; sail close to the wind 3  1 making a mountain out of a molehill molehill 2 a drop in the ocean 3 breath breath of fresh air 14

Answer key 

4 sailing sailing close close to the wind 5 the salt of the earth 4  1 absorption 2 altruism / altruist 3 instinct 4 motivation 5 narcissism / narcissist 6 periphery 5  1 narcissistic; absorbed 2 instinct 3 periphery 4 motivation 5 altruism 6 absorption 6  Suggested answers   1 In a large number of cases, cases, young people find themselves on the streets through no fault of their own.   2 In a large number of cases / For the most part / By and large, large, grandparents do not get any payment for providing childcare for their grandchildr grandchildren. en. whole, teenagers care passionatel   3 On the whole, passionatelyy about the environment.   4 Architects might have a tendency to be  be   less interested in building social housing than they are in grand public designs.   5 Voluntary organisatio organisations ns rely on donations from the public for the most part, part, rather than government funding. / For the most

 

 

part, voluntary organisations rely on part, donations from the public. speaking, people who have 6 Generally speaking, experienced acts of kindness are kind to others. 7 Better education means that, by and large,, women are waiting till they are older large before marrying and having children. 8 In general, general, people are living longer, which creates challenges for society.

Review quiz 5–6 1  1 a 2 c 3 c 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 b 8 c 9 c 10 a 2  1 ferry (Ferry  is  is a noun describing a form of transport; the others are all adjectives used to describe islands.)   2 castaway (A castaway  is  is a person; the others are all types of island.)   3 literally (The others are all discourse markers of contrast.)   4 vacation (The others are all blended words.)   5 antique ant ique  Antique is ( Antique is an adjective describing the age of something; the others are all compound nouns describing features in a house.)   6 altruism alt ruism ( Altruism is  Altruism is a noun; the others are adjectives.)

 

3  1 The podcaster who talked about Orkney and Lombok (Unit 5, audio 2.3)   2 Oliver Lawson, reviewer of the reality show The Island (Unit 5, audio 2.7)   3 will.i.am (Unit 6, page 61)   4 The interviewer (Unit 6, audio 2.16)

 Pronunciation point  1 choco chocolat late e  2 fligh flights ts 3 cou coulldn’t 4 de deb bt 5 cast castle 6 island 7 knife 8 We Wed dnesday 9 must mustn’t 10 who

Check your progress 3 1 1 might have 2 must have been 3 couldn’t have 4 couldn’t have been 5 should have 6 would never have 2 1 There are some lovely houses for sale which are which  are very cheap, but they’re in the middle of nowhere.   2 The Sydney Opera House, which which is  is one of the most distinctive buildings in the world, was designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon and opened in 1973.   3 Sustainable materials materials,, which Shigeru Ban uses them to them to build disaster shelters, shelters, can usually be found locally.   4 The TV show show,, which I learned so much from,, actually teaches you to build your from own house. 3 1 charities 2 donate 3 ecosystem 4 generosity 5 selfless 6 empathy 7 humanitarian 8 volunteer 9 compassionat compassionate e 10 sustain 4 1 ethically 2 which 3 low 4 relatively / usually 5 might / could / may 6 Personally 7 in 8 speaking 9 Therefore / Consequentl Consequentlyy 10 addition / general

7 Get to work Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1 A4b B1e C5d D3f E6c F2a 2 1 By far 2 a lot more qualified 3 so much more 4 easily the best prepared 5 rather more laid-back 6 a much higher 7 than was 8 the more 9 the harder 3 1 two hours less than    

2 By far the hardest 3 a little little less [time at work] work] than than German workers / the Germans 4 way more time [at work] than Dutch

5 the fewest / least least [number of hours] of all all   6 are longer than   7 harder / longer / more hours than ever 4 1 start-up 2 outsource 3 freelance 4 in-house 5 digital nomads 6 work remotely 7 co-working 8 network 5 1 obstetrician 2 anaesthetist 3 illustrator 4 interior designer 5 curator 6 comedian 7 carpenter 8 art therapist 9 radiographer 6 1 transform transformational ational 2 algorithm 3 production line 4 robot 5 drone 6 innovation 7 automation 8 nanotechnol nanotechnology ogy 9 big data 10 automate 7 1 e) would lose 2 a) are expected to 3 d) may 4 f) are likely to 5 b) almost certainly 6 c) are bound to 8 1 become become 2 probably probably / certainly certainly / definitely 3 help / assist 4 may / might 5 may / will 6 certainly 7 likely likely / willing willing / ready ready 8 expected / forecast / predicted 9  1 ré résum sumé é 2 relevant 3 where you studied, subjects, dates and grades 4 responsib responsibilities ilities 5 unpaid internships 6 voluntary 7 shows you’re a well-rounded, active person (with accomplishments) accomplishmen ts) 8 languages, driving licence, software competencies 10 1 Skills 2 Work experienc experience e 3 Voluntary work 4 Internship 5 (Educational) qualificatio qualifications ns 6 Work experience 7 Hobbies and interests 8 Personal details 11 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 C 12   1 job market 2 dust off 3 transparent 12 4 equal opportunitie opportunitiess 5 asset 6 well-rounded 7 capacity Track 15 Thanks for that introducti introduction, on, Marcia, and welcome to this CV workshop, which I hope you’ll find useful. As most people here have been out of the job market for a while, doing further studies or taking a break while bringing up young children, you’ll need to dust off your CV and update it in order to sell yourself to employers. A curriculum vitae literally means ‘the story of your life’. You may be more résumé.. familiar with the American term résumé Styles and formats can differ from country to country and also depend on what best suits your career history. But it usually has, at least, a professional history divided into sections with headings. You’ve all seen these, and it’s pretty transparentt what they are. How you present transparen it depends what job you’re applying for, but it Answer key 

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should be clear and attractively laid out, and a lot of people like to add a photo as well as a summary of your key skills or strengths. First of all, at the top, make sure you include your personal details, so an employer can easily see your name, how to contact you and so on. Your date of birth, marital status and number of children are not really relevant, and it’s against equal opportunities to ask. Long gone are the days when married women were routinely rejected when applying for jobs, fortunately! So it’s up to you whether you want to include these. Next is educational qualifications. Today’s job market is more and more competitive, so it’s not the only thing they’re going to be looking at, but it’s certainly significant. Where you studied, subjects, dates and grades are all essential, so don’t lose all those certificates. Then there’s your big heading: work experience. Don’t just write where and when you were working somewhere – include what your responsibilities were and if there’s anything that will stand out and impress a potential future boss. If you got promoted, you need to mention this too, to show how your role grew in the organisation. If you’ve done an unpaid internship, include it. Just because you were photocopying and taking the coffee orders doesn’t mean you didn’t learn something about how a company works, or prove yourself to be an asset to a team, especially if it was with a well-known company. And any voluntary work you’ve done is going to look good for your CV, for obvious reasons. So include a separate heading for that. People often ask, what about hobbies and interests – they’re not particularly relevant, are they? Well, that’s not strictly true, even if you don’t actually need to be, say, an experienced skier for the job. It just, I think, shows you’re a well-rounded, active person with accomplishments. accomplishmen ts. Activities you do outside work can show your capacity for hard work as much as an actual job, as well as personal qualities like self-discipline and enthusiasm. If you’ve got qualifications as a karate expert or run a part-time cottage industry baking and selling fancy birthday cakes, put it on your CV. Any clubs you attended at university might be relevant as well – debating, a member of the sailing team – that kind of thing. 16

Answer key 

Last but not least, add a Skills heading – languages, driving licence, software competencies or anything like that which shows your practical abilities. Now, any questions before you start writing your own …

Reading 2                

1 To give advice about job hunting. 2 a They don’t do enough preparation. b They don’t tailor it to the job they’re applying for. c They are not digitally connected. d  They are not confident enough. 3 a [Find out] about the company you’re applying to work for and its staff. b [Demonstrate] why you’re the best candidate for the job. c [Use] social media and mobile apps to look for jobs. d [Think about] how the skills you’ve learnt could be useful for the job you want.

3 1D 2B 3A 4C 5D 4 1 True 2 True 3 True 4 Fals False e 5 True 6 False 5  1 j 2 h 3 i 4 f 5 b 6 g 7 e 8 a 9 d 10 c

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 d 2 a 3 e 4 c 5 f 6 b 2  1 working through 2 work it off 3 work up to 4 work around it 5 work out 6 worked at 3  1 the works 2 work to rule 3 have their work cut out 4 do his dirty dirty work for him 5 working her way 6 works works a treat treat 7 ’m working on it 8 made fast / short work of 9 it works both ways 10 work the system 4  1 I’d I’d like  like you to consider a new idea I’ve had.   2 If we could / can sell can sell it at a cheap enough price … be very   3 It would be  very popular. in with 4 So, we step in  with this new design. potentially a   5 Teenagers are potentially  a huge market. 6 This could be a big opportunity for us / our big opportunity for us. that it   7 Well, my view is that  it could catch on very quickly. 8 In fact, the latest latest sales  sales figures show that we have a good market share already.

 

 

9 We know from from our  our research into young people’s computer habits how long they spend online every day. can see,   10 From what I can  see, this idea has great potential. 11 So, let’s look look again  again at which are our most popular products. 5  1 I’d like you to consider a new idea I’ve had. 2 Teenagers are potentially a huge market.  / We know from from our research research into young people’s computer habits how long they spend online every day.   3 So, we step in with this new design.   4 if we can sell it at a cheap enough price   5 It would be very popular. / This could be our big opportunity. / From what I can see, this idea has great potential.

8 Music and creativity Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 lullaby 2 hymn 3 soundtrack 4 lyrics 5 score 6 ballad 7 anthem 8 track   Mystery word: harmonise 2  1 singing along 2 serenade 3 rap 4 sang a capella 5 harmonise 3  Suggested answers   1 b [Ellipsis means] leaving words out to avoid repeating words, phrases or clauses. 2 a [Substitution means] using another word instead of a longer expression or repeating a word. 4  1 He was and always will be an amazing artist. / He was an amazing artist and always will be.   2 I remember meeting Amy Amy,, but I can’t remember where.   3 I was going to stay up late and finish writing this, but (I’d) better not, (I’ve) got an early start (in the morning).   4 Seems like a fantastic line-up.   5 Sometimes Lennon wrote the lyrics and sometimes (it was) McCartney. 6 The stage was set, the lights dimmed, and the audience quiet.   7 Like some more coffee? / More coffee? / Would you like some more? / Like some more? 5  1 2, 3, 4, 7 2 1, 5, 6 6  1 Her voice was comparable to that that of  of a singer much more experienced than her.

 

2 The songs on the new album are better than those / the ones on ones on his last album / one.. one 3 I wanted wanted to go to a dance dance class, class, but I just just couldn’t find the one the one I liked.   4 Shakespeare is thought to be England’s greatest writer and he remains so that to this day. 5 They were such beautiful handmade cards (that that)) I bought several cards.   6 He couldn’t decide which T-shirt to buy at the gig, so he bought bought  both / bought neither / didn’t buy either. either. 7  1 Right in front of me stood the lead singer.   2 They were brilliant last time I saw them play, but even better was this concert. / Last time I saw them play, they were brilliant, but even better was this concert.   3 Every now and then, she stopped to take a selfie with one of her fans.   4 Quickly, we got to the front of the stage.   5 Why I bothered to go to that creativity class, I don’t know – I didn’t learn anything. 6 Down came the rain almost immediately the show started. 8  1 Where she gets her talent from, I’ve no idea, as neither of her parents are remotely musical. 2 One thing I can’t stand is going round a gallery and seeing a pile of bricks pretending to be art.   3 It was in America that I saw Coldplay, not (in) Australia. / It was in America, not (in) Australia, that I saw Coldplay.   4 It wasn’t Danny who gave me his autograph, it was Steve. / It was Steve, not  

 

 

Danny, who gave me his autograph. 5 What you’re listening to this terrible radio station for, I don’t know. 6 All I have to do now is (to) send off my application to art college. 7 The thing I enjoy more than anything else is going to sleep to the sound of classical music. 8 The person who works harder than anyone else in the recording studio is the sound engineer. 9 It was my English teacher who encouraged me to start writing a novel.

 

10 What you need to be an actor is a lot of persistence. 9  1 All the medium-pric medium-priced ed guitars are over here. / Over here are all the medium-priced Answer key 

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guitars.   2 Dance music fans keep coming back to this great band because of the strong drum and bass lines. / The strong drum and bass lines keep dance music fans coming back to this great band.   3 Don’t tell Gail that I arranged arranged the party – it’s a surprise. 4 We came in here to get out of the rain.   5 My Uncle Jesse has had the most influence over my musical taste. 10   1 note 2 beat 3 rhythm 4 tempo 5 chord 10 6 scale 7 melody 8 harmony 9 Acoustic 10 riff 11   1 jabbing 2 high-pitche 11 high-pitched d 3 sweeping 4 haunting 5 dramatic 6 orchestral 7 electronic 8 intimate 12 Hayley: in favour Ruth: against Sulaiman: in favour Maya: against Kush: against Dimitri: against Joel: in favour 13 Suggested answers   Haley Haley:: Artists earn a lot already from other sources – don’t need to earn money from streaming music too. Ruth:: We should pay for music so new artists Ruth can make a living. Sulaiman:: Lots free on the internet – Sulaiman streaming music shouldn’t be any different.   Maya Maya:: Artists should be paid for their creativity – it’s their job. Kush If Kush  If you have to pay for music, you appreciate it more. Dimitri:: Free downloads will mean a lot more Dimitri advertising to compensate the streaming companies. Joel:: Young people don’t have much money. Joel Musicians who value their fans should let them listen for free. Track 16 INTERVIEWER

HALEY 

  What’s your view on streaming music, Haley? Do you buy or download? I stream my music, I’ve never bought a CD or anything. In my opinion, artists earn a lot from concerts – tickets are really expensive and take ages to save up for. Also, they sell a lot of merchandise make a lot that too. Theyand don’t need to from earn money from streaming music as well. They’re rich enough already!

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What do you think, Ruth? RUTH  I think that to support up-andcoming artists, we should pay for music, otherwise they might not be able to get started, let alone continue. If new artists have to put up their music for free, how can they make a living? INTERVIEWER   Do you buy CDs or stream stream music, Sulaiman? SULAIMAN  Honestly? That’ That’ss a no brainer. I mean, come on, having CDs or records is a waste of space – they  just clutter up your your life. I’m out and about a lot and I listen to music all the time, so I want it to be completely portable. And so much else is free on the internet, why should streaming music be any different? INTERVIEWER   I’m asking asking people people about about how they get their music. Maya, what do you think about streaming? MAYA  Music is a form of art, and art is something we should value. So I totally feel that people should pay for music, not try and get it for free by streaming. I mean, artists should be paid so they’re rewarded properly for their creativity, just like everyone else. It’s their job. INTERVIEWER   Kush, can I ask what you think about streaming music? Do you think people should pay for it? KUSH  Well, you know, if music is free to download, people just won’t value it. If you have a few tracks or albums that you’ve chosen to actually buy, you appreciate the music more. You could download hundreds of free tracks and you can’t even remember the artists. INTERVIEWER   Hi. I’m asking people about how how they get their music. What do you think about streaming, Dimitri? DIMITRI  OK. Personally, I believe that if music is free to download, we  just have to put up up with more and more advertising which compensates companies. the streaming INTERVIEWER   Joel, can I ask what you think about streaming music? Do you

   

buy or download? Bands must realise that most fans are young people without much money. They can’t afford to pay for expensive CDs. As a student, I have a lot of things I need to pay for. If musicians value their fans, they should let them listen for free. I download music onto my phone – some of the sites you have to pay for, but I must admit I usually find a way round that and get it for free.

JOEL  

 

 

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Reading 1  1 True 2 False 3 False 4 False 5 True 6 True 2  1 B 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 A 8 B 3 1 uninhibited 2 genie 3 showing up 4 perspiration 5 construct 6 diligence 7 tormented 8 bombed 4 1 uninhibited 2 show up 3 genie 4 perspiration 5 construct 6 tormented 7 bombed 8 diligence

 

 

 

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about it. But $999 – the price is a about it. little on the steep side. It’ss not the cheapest, but it’ It’ it’ss still try. Look, it’s worth trying / a try. very user-friendly. I can see that. What else should I take into account? Apart from needing needing to  to be what you can afford, it really depends on the on  the type of photography you want to do. I’m going on a round-the round-the-world -world trip, so I want to take good photos, but just for myself, nothing professional. Well, if I was / were in were in your shoes, I’d get something like this camera here – it’s got everything: zoom, video, interchang interchangeable eable lenses and it’s also light also light for travelling. Thanks for your advice advice.. You’ve been really helpful. do,, don’t get it Whatever you do stolen!

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 a 2 1 flair 2 virtuosity 3 artfulness 4 craftsmanship 5 finesse 6 proficien proficiency cy 7 accomplishmen accomplishmentt 3  1 craftsmanship 2 flair 3 proficiency 4 virtuosity 5 artfulness 6 accomplishmen accomplishmentt 7 finesse 4  1 neck 2 body 3 bridge 4 tuning keys 5 fret 6 strings 7 control knobs 8 output 5

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Could you recommend to me a good camera? There are so many to choose from. What’s your price bracket? I’m not really sure. Around the $500 mark, I think. My advice is / would be that be that a well-known make make like  like Nikon or Canon make is a really excellent investment. They’re well-designed and have fantastic components. For example, I can’t highly   to recommend this camera highly enough. It’s a brilliant piece of kit. It’ss really light and looks easy to It’ handle. No doubt it / No doubt

Review quiz 7–8 1  1 b 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 a 6 a 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 c 2  1 Both are related to ways of working.   2 Both are self-made millionaires / billionaires.   3 Both could be replaced by robots.   4 Both are styles of singing.   5 Both are related to the way your brain reacts to music.   6 Both are creativity tests / games. 3  1 People who do not have a lot of possessions   2 A rule of business   3 Large amounts of information   4 A genre of music in which two styles are blended, eg African and Celtic   5 A Canadian researcher on music and the brain   6 A British expert on schools and creativity

 Pronunciation point  1  1 c 2 b 3 c 4 a 2  1 a) butcher /tʃ/ /tʃ/   b) teacher /tʃ/ /tʃ/   c) chemist /k/  2 a) biologist /dʒ/ /dʒ/   b) programmer /g/  Answer key 

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c) soldier /dʒ/ soldier /dʒ/ 3 a) chef /ʃ/ /ʃ/   b) musician musician /ʃ/  /ʃ/   c) astronomer /s/ 4 a) shopkeeper /ʃ/ /ʃ/   b) architect /k/  c) accountant /k/

Check your progress 4 1  Suggested answers   1 We are worried about (finding) work in the future because more (and more) jobs are being / will be replaced by robots.   2 The more music you listen to before an  / your operation, operation, the less anxious you(’ll) you(’ll) feel.   3 Automation will (almost) certainly make people (feel) happier and more fulfilled because they’ll have more leisure time.   4 It would have been impossible to predict that a poor factory worker would / could become China’s richest woman.   5 What I hate is going to the gym if I have to  / and having to listen listen to loud dance dance music.  / What I hate about going going to the gym is is having to listen to loud dance music. 2  1 No, I haven’t. haven’t. / No, never never. / No, I’ve never been. 2 The piano, I think so so.. 3 She’ She’ss anything but it. 4 I think so so  too too.. / I agree agree.. 5 Oh, he can, can he? he? 3  1 archaeologis archaeologistt 2 busker 3 cardiologist 4 nanotechno nanotechnology logy 5 production line 6 anthems; sing along 7 scores 8 lullabies 9 a capella 4  1 more 2 the 3 this 4 as 5 so 6 head 7 least 8 bound / going 9 Why 10 one

9 An active life Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening

would become 3 was flying / was going going to fly 4 was going to tour / was to have toured 5 going to do 6 would be 7 due to / supposed to 8 about to 4  1 aptitude 2 stadium 3 track 4 intensive training 5 prowess 6 pole vault 7 sprinting 8 hurdler 9 track [and] field 10 work regime 5  1 Having taken the decision to find a new manager, the director then changed his mind. / The director, having taken the decision to find a new manager, then changed his mind.   2 Many people hate watching sport, citing boredom as the reason. 3 On going through / While going through  / When going through through / Going Going through the report, he realised why it had been supressed. 4 Not being a scientist, scientist, I can’t give you an answer to your question. 5 Used correctly, this machine could really raise your fitness levels. 6 The experiment having failed, the researchers research ers decided to take another tack. 6 1 Having said he would would take part in the race, Ben realised he needed / would need to increase his fitness levels. 2 There are many reasons for taking exercise, one of them being that it makes you feel good.   3 I entered the room feeling very nervous, not knowing what would happen next. 4 The rules having been explained twice,  / Having had the rules rules explained twice, twice, I didn’t feel I could ask any more questions. 5 On being questioned by the committee, the

1  1 shrieking / whooping with; turned; with 2 whooped / shrieked with; beamed with 3 shuddered / gasped in; shaking with 4 flinched 5 gasped in 2  1 was due to have have / was having having / was to have 2 was meeting / was supposed to meet / was due to meet 3 was [eventually] going to turn / was to [eventually] turn 4 were were to have met met / were supposed to have met / had been due to meet 5 was [not] going going to be / would [not] [not] be

athlete admitted (that) he had cheated. 6 Once seen, you’ll never forget it / you never forget it. 7 Mustapha was spotted as a football player with potential by a sports scout while playing football with his friends. 7 1 They give us minuscule portions of food.   2 I only have a limited amount of time to practice. 3 He talked excessively / an excessive amount during the interview, in my opinion. 4 There have been a substantia substantiall / sizeable number of studies (done) on the subject.

6 would have 7 on the the verge of giving up / on the point of giving up / about to give up 8 would be 3  1 was supposed to call 2 was to become /

5 No further / isadditional additional explanations are / explanation necessary. 6 The estate agent says / thinks thinks the flat is (quite) a decent size.

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7 As a physiotherap physiotherapist, ist, I receive / get / earn a modest salary – it’s OK, but a bit more would be nice! 8 1 smashed; extra time / stoppage time 2 half time / full time; near miss; save 3 shoot; shot 4 passed; header 5 penalty 6 tackle; foul; book 9 1 1928 2 1966 3 1970s 4 1999 5 1993 6 1995 7 1996 8 1999–2005 9 2012 10 1 enhance; have been banned / are banned 2 remorse; to be stripped; banned 3 arrogance 4 insight 5 Fairness 11   Suggested answers 11   1 Probably because humans have an inbuilt love of fairness, and it’s not fair for competitive athletes to win major awards when they’ve taken banned substances to enhance their performance.   2 He strongly denied them.   3 ‘Sensational’; because Armstron Armstrong g very calmly admitted to doping as if it really wasn’t very important. 4 The Armstrong Lie, Lie, because of its insight into Armstrong. 5 Armstrong’s arrogant belief in his talent and his lack of remorse. Also his attitude that ‘everyone else is doing it, so why shouldn’tt I?’. shouldn’ 6 How many other top athletes are doing it – right now?   7 The fact that in 2015 a German documentary alleged that perhaps 99% of Russian athletes were doping. This turned out to be true, and in 2016, the Russian athletics team was banned from international competition, including the

enhance their performance. Believed to go back as far as Ancient Greece, doping has a long history. But it was in 1928 that an international sporting organisation organisation first banned doping, and not until 1966 that doping tests were introduced for the cycling and football world championsh championships. ips. Drug-testing was mandatory for most sports federations by the 1970s. In 1999, following a huge drug scandal at the 1998 Tour de France, the World Anti-Doping Agency was set up. Since then, stories of doping in athletics have become an ongoing scandal, and these days, our reaction on learning that a top athlete has been accused of doping is just one of weary resignation. One of the most prominent figures to have been exposed for doping is the American cyclist and one-time national hero Lance Armstrong. Having begun his career as a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990, Armstrong then became a professional professio nal cyclist and had notable successes, including the World Championship in 1993 and the 1995 Tour de France. Then disaster struck. Diagnosed in 1996 with testicular cancer, which had spread to his brain, lungs and abdomen, it seemed there was no hope for Armstrong. But he made a miraculous recovery and in 1997 was declared cancer-free. To global astonishment, he went on to achieve seven consecutive wins between 1999 and 2005 in the Tour de France cycling tournament. What a hero! However, from 1999 onwards there were also continuous doping allegations, strongly denied

2016 Olympic games. 8 Being banned from international competition   9 The fame and the money that top athletes can earn from their sporting achievements 12   1 raising powerful 2 Believed 12 Believed to go back as far as 3 our reaction on learning 4 Having begun his career 5 Diagnosed in 1996 with testicular cancer 6 Offered Offered the opportunity Track 18 Doping in sport is one of the hottest of hot topics, raising powerful emotions, probably

by Armstrong. It was not until 2012 that a United States Anti-Doping Agency investigation concluded that Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career. He was banned from competition sport and stripped of his achievements after 1998. Then, in 2013, came a sensational interview with Oprah Winfrey, with Armstrong admitting to doping with the same calmness he had used to deny that he had ever taken performanceenhancing drugs, and as if the admission really wasn’t of great importance. The Armstrong story is a natural for

because humans have innate love of fairness and it’s just notanfair for professional athletes to win major awards, money and acclaim as a result of taking substances that

The Program, Program,  filmmakers, and the Frears, 2015 film   directed by Stephen stars Ben Foster as the charismatic Armstrong. It’s a convincing portrayal, but the film to watch, if you want Answer key 

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real insight into the one-time champion, is the 2014 documentary The Armstrong Lie by Alex Gibney. Offered the opportunity to defend himself, Armstrong’s lack of remorse is breathtaking, as is his arrogant belief in his talent and his ‘everyone else is doing it, so why shouldn’t I?’ attitude. And what you ask yourself as you watch the film is, ‘How many other top athletes are doing it – right now?’. The answer, almost certainly, is far too many. Shockingly, in a 2015 German TV documentary, it was alleged that possibly 99% of Russian athletes were doping, and as a consequence, in 2016 Russia’s entire track-and-field team were banned from international competition, including the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Russia is the first country in sporting history to have such a ban imposed. But sadly, exposing and shaming athletes who use performance-enhancing performance-en hancing drugs and banning them from competition – the latter being the ultimate deterrent – doesn’t appear to stop other top athletes from cheating. The global renown and huge financial reward that go hand in hand with great sporting achievements count far more than ‘fair play’, it seems.

Reading 1  1 Muhammad Ali 2 Mark Edmondson 3 Bob Champion 4 Mark Edmondson 5 the Sri Lankan national cricket team 6 Muhammad Ali 7 the Sri Lankan national cricket team 8 Bob Champion 9 Graham Obree 2 1 oppression 2 underdog 3 transformed 4 trophy 5 bipolar disorder 6 noteworthy 7 conscientious objector 8 invincible 9 knockout  knockout  3  1 C 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 B  4  1 a 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b 5  Suggested answers riches suggests that someone was   1 Rags to riches suggests originally so poor that they had to wear rags, but that they then became wealthy.   2 Lightning is extremely fast, so if you have lightning reflexes, you respond very quickly.   3 Rumble Rumble is  is an American slang expression meaning ‘a street fight between gangs’ and the jungle is a very wild place. So the phrase rumble in the jungle suggests jungle suggests that the fight was very wild and savage.

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Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1 1 defensive 2 resuscitati resuscitation on 3 penalise  / penalize 4 preservation preservation 5 hereditary / inherited 6 likelihood 7 selective 8 inexperience 9 extension 10 proposed 2 1d 2f 3b 4c 5g 6a 7e 3 1 the ball’s ball’s in your court 2 moving the goalposts 3 throw in the towel 4 (hitting) below the belt belt 5 on on the home stretch 6 keep your eye on the ball 7 calls the shots shots / is calling the shots 4  1 making (real) headway 2 it up 3 of sight 4 outstanding / superb 5 impressi impressive ve 6 Nice 7 superb / outstandin outstanding g 8 Come 9 on in there 10 for it

10 Mixed feelings Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 lighthearted  (The  (The others all indicate a high degree of happiness.)   2 heartbroken heartbroken (The  (The others all mean ‘a bit sad’.) 3 carefree (The carefree (The others all indicate sadness.) 4 euphoric   (The (The others all indicate a milder degree of happiness.) 2  1 Encountering 2 getting together 3 fixing 4 for getting together / to get together 5 to do 6 to drop in on 7 to say 8 having left / leaving 9 to tell 10 to [still] feeling / that he [still] felt felt 11 paying paying back / having paid back 12 him telling 13 to pay back 14 to accept 15 to go on 3  1 Having Having everything  everything explained to me like this really irritates me – I detest being being treated  treated    

 

 

2 like ü an imbecile. 3 Knowing Knowing that  that it was my mistake makes me to feel to feel a lot worse, especially when there’s so much to do / to be done.  done.   4 It’ It’ss mid-after mid-afternoon noon and you’re supposed to be working, working, you lazy good-for-nothing – and it’s no good trying to hide that hide that personal email you’re you’re writing! writing! forced to do overtime at least twice 5 Being forced to a week goes against my rights and I’m intending to make / I intend to make a make a formal complaint. 6 He’ He’ss demanding to be taken be taken seriously and to do he’s quite right to  do so. 7 ü 8 I’ve been meaning to to tell  tell you how much I regret having having behaved  behaved like that.

 

4  Across: Across: 2 arrogance 3 sloth 4 rage 6 boredom 8 yearning 11 bitterness 12 jealousy 13 anxiety   Down: Down: 1 vanity 3 shame 5 guilt 7 depression 9 envy 10 greed 5  1 fists; jaw 2 teeth; eyes 3 fists 4 cheeks; heart 5 eyes; mouth 6  1 rhythm / metre 2 rhythm / beat / metre 3 rhyme scheme 4 images / imagery 5 Alliteration 6 evoke 7 verse 8 transcendent 7  Suggested answer    inverted / in the question form 8  Suggested answers   1 No sooner had the plane taken off than off than the young woman began shaking with fear. 2 Not until late in the evening  evening  was was   agreement reached reached about what to do next. 3 Never have I been so insulted and insulted and I’m furious about it.   4 So slow was the service at the restaurant that restaurant  that a lot of people complained. 5 Under no circumstanc circumstances es should you leave the building, building, as you would be risking your life. than the   6 Hardly had I opened the gate than  the dog began snarling aggressively. 9  1 No sooner had the poetry reading begun than there was a loud explosion nearby.   2 Not only does she read copious amounts of poetry, but she also gets her own poetry published. / Not only did she read / had she read copious amounts of poetry, but she (had) also got her own poetry published.   3 Such was his annoyance when he was

10  Suggested answers 10    1 They all involve people meeting again after a long time. 2 Conversati Conversation on 3   3 Jealousy / envy   4 Maria, who is an internationally successful set designer for opera, and Jude Hartley, who is the CEO of a multinational company and is extremely rich.   5 She went to Sydney, Australia Australia,, because she was very unhappy and needed to get away. 6 Happiness / joy and relief. But also some anger because of the way she disappeared. 7 She expresses guilt and shame because she defrauded Alan of £50,000. 11   1 h 2 c 3 e 4 b 5 d 6 a 7 g 8 f 11 12   1 A 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 C 6 A 12 13   1 to be 2 to know / to find 13 find out out / to see / to hear 3 about about / at having lost contact contact / to have lost contact 4 threatenin threatening g to disappear 5 defrauding / having having defrauded 6 for stealing 7 going bankrupt / losing his home

interrupted / at being interrupted during the reading that he refused to continue. On no account must he be disturbed while he is hard at work. Seldom had the tutor encountered a student so deeply knowledgeable about the poet’s work. Little did he know that the young woman would one day become one of the foremost experts on the poet. Only if you read her longer poems can / do  / will you really really appreciate her her work. Not until I got home from the poetry recital

the world from opera house to opera house, hobnobbing with celebrities. NICK  And designing sets of course. JULIETTA  I know. Apparently, she’ she’ss worth millions. Lucky woman, what it must be like to have that lifestyle – and the money, come to that. I can’t remember the last time I had a holiday abroad. NICK  Oh come on, she hasn’t got where she has because of luck! I mean, I remember at school thinking her artwork was stunning. And she was

did realise (that) I’d left my umbrella on the Ibus.

always a complete she works 24/7. workaholic. I bet JULIETTA  Well, I work work 24/7 looking after my kids. The truth is, I’d willingly swap

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Tracks 20–22 Conversation 1 JULIETTA  It’ It’ss pretty amazing, Nick, isn’t it, meeting up with our old schoolmates after all this time? I mean, it was about time we had a reunion, it’s been 20 years. You and I and Marion have always kept up, of course. NICK  Yes! I’ve got to say, it’s great that Maria’s turned up, don’t you think? JULIETTA  Yes, because she needn’t have. You know, from what you read about her, she spends her time jetting round

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places with her. NICK  Well, let me tell you something. I’ve  just had a long long chat with her, her, and she’s told me she suffers from clinical depression. JULIETTA  No kidding! With all that success? NICK  Listen, she only told me because I’m a psychiatric nurse, you mustn’t breathe a word. JULIETTA  I wouldn’t wouldn’t dream of it ... I hate to admit it, but that makes me feel quite a lot better. NICK  That’ss kind of sad, Julietta. That’ JULIETTA  I agree, it is. Oh, look who’s who’s just arrived – Jude Hartley. Hmm, he’s put on quite a bit of weight. NICK  Does that matter when you’re the CEO of a multinationa multinationall company? I should think he’s worth his weight in gold. JULIETTA  Yeah, he’s he’s the other big success story in this group, isn’t he? Conversation 2 MIKE  Jessica – long-lost Jessica! After all this time! Hey, let me give you a hug. I can’t tell you what a relief it is to see you after all these years, I mean, you know – what happened? You just disappeared off the face of the Earth! You’ve got a lot of explaining to do, Jess, but it’s so good to see you. Wow, it’s made my day! JESSICA  Mike, it’s it’s totally wonderful to see you, too. To see everyone, actually. Yeah, I know, it’s embarrassing, I’m incredibly embarrassed about the way I lost contact. MIKE  I mean, it wasn’t just me, it was your family and all your friends too. I know you kept threatening to disappear, but no one believed you actually would. What got into you? JESSICA  It’ It’ss hard to explain, it was like, well, I was quarrelling with everyone, I was in a bad way, I just had to escape. MIKE  To the other side of the world? JESSICA  Yup, I started afresh, got myself a Master’s degree at Sydney University, MIKE

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met of think my life, started a family. And the youlove didn’t people would miss you, or worry themselves sick about you, thinking maybe you’d been

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murdered or committed suicide or something? JESSICA  I know, I behaved terribly, I just ... cut off. I’ve felt guilty about it for years actually, that’s why I got back in contact with my sister. MIKE  Well, I’m so relieved and I’m absolutely delighted that things have turned out well for you. Hmm, I think food is about to be dished up. JESSICA  Yeah, I think I’ll give my sister a hand in the kitchen. Let’s talk again later. Conversation 3 JACKIE  Sorry, I just didn’t see you. ALAN  No, I wasn’t looking either ... Jackie! You! JACKIE  Alan ... the last person I ever expected to see again ... Um ... ALAN  I bet! I can imagine you wouldn’t want to bump into someone you defrauded of 50 grand, yeah, that’s very understandable. You know, I almost went bankrupt because of you. My creditors threatened threatened to take my home, I had a real battle on my hands. JACKIE  Alan, I ... I can’t tell tell you how awful awful I feel about what happened— ALAN  What happened? You mean, what you deliberately and maliciously did. At least take responsibility! Or are you still going to deny it? JACKIE  No, I admit I defrauded defrauded you – not that the law could ever get me for it. ALAN  You made sure of that, you despicable thief! JACKIE

  What I did was unforgivable. I’m seeing a therapist about it, actually. I‘ve changed my ways. I can’t apologise enough. ALAN  No, actually, you can’t. You ruined seven years of my life. It took me that long to get myself back on my feet. I’m company director of a decent-sized business now and doing fine. JACKIE  I’m so glad to hear that. ALAN  Really?

Reading 1  1 E 2 C 3 A 4 G 5 D 6 B 2  1 gull 2 Morphine 3 crack up 4 make a sacrifice 5 Emotional blackmail 6 subtext

 

7 scalpel 8 haunts 9 Shrapnel 3  Suggested answers years, Steven has been   1 For the last three years, surgeon in a war zone. zone. working as a surgeon in   2 Before he swims, Steven remembers a woman  he operated on and woman on and how she called for morphine. morphine.   3 Steven has to decide whether he should accept an offer of a good job in a city

2  1 out 2 across 3 up 4 around 5 in 6 off 3  1 They had a heart to heart about heart about their feelings and it helped a lot. gold and will do   2 She has a heart of gold and anything to help someone. 3 Eat to your heart’s content, content, there’ll still be leftovers for tomorrow.   4 Cross my heart, heart, it’s the last time I’ll ever do anything like that. / It’s the last time I’ll

hospital or return to work in the war zone.. zone   4 Steven think he deserves respect respect because  because of the sacrifices he’s made and the suffering he’s seen. seen.   5 Steven does ‘service’ by operating on people who have been injured in a war.. war 6 For Steven, the ‘nightmare’ is the suffering of the war victims. victims. 7 Steven takes out his phone out to tell the hospital whether or not he will accept the job. job. 4  Suggested answers   1 putting pressure on yourself / working so hard   2 think she’ she’ss wonderful 3 quickly changed the subject   4 soon there’ll be nothing to eat   5 you make a decision 6 there’ there’ss nothing you can do to help 5  Suggested answers   1 Why has the familiar ache in Steven’s shoulders returned?   2 Why is Steven on the verge of cracking up, according to his brother? 3 What is the subtext in Isobel’s email?

 

4 What kind of trouble might Steven and his patient be in if his scalpel slips? 5 Why might Steven’s parents be terrified? 6  1 False (line 4) 2 True (line 6) 3 False (line 7) 4 True (line 8) 5 False (line 16 (para. C)) 6 False (line 43) 7 True (lines 75–76) 7  3 Suggested answer    As well as being literally on the edge of a cliff, Steven is also on the verge of making an important decision, which is like being on the edge of a cliff – whether you are going to jump / fall or not.

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1  1 irritability 2 flawless 3 evocative 4 trivialities 5 intolerant 6 formalities

heart heart. do anything that, 5 ever Jonathan’s a manlike after mycross ownmy heart, heart , . maybe because he and I are quite similar.   6 I don’t get the impression you have your heart in what you’re doing.   7 I hate to say it, but I think he has a heart of stone. stone. 8 He’ He’ss an accountant accountant,, but he feels frustrate frustrated d because at heart he’s heart he’s an artist and just wants to paint all day / he’s an artist at heart and heart  and just wants to paint all day. 9 If that’s what you’ve set your heart on,  on,  then I’m not going to stand in your way. 4  1 don’t tell me; come on   2 told you a hundred times   3 just what I need to hear; what you made me do   4 just not fair; bad enough having to 5 tell you; Rubbish

Review quiz 9–10 1 1b 2a 3b 4c 5b 6b 7a 8b 9a 10 c 2  Suggested answers   1 The reviewer of The Power of Negative Emotions by Emotions  by Todd Kashdan and Robert  

 

 

 

Biswas-Diener. (Unit 10, page 109) 2 A woman woman called Jenna in an extract where she talks about what makes her feel good and the fact that she loves doing housework and is obsessive about it. (Unit 10, page 106) 3 A man called Miguel describing the behaviour of rowdy football fans on a train going to Barcelona airport. (audio 3.5) 4 A blogger blogger writing about his dislike of sport and how resentful he is of the amount of time men spend discussing it. (Unit 9, page 96) 5 Said by Alex Alex It’s in athe talkresponse talk about the about science anti-ageing. that peopleof may give to the question ‘Would you like to live forever?’. (audio 3.10) Answer key 

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3  Suggested answers  answers  1 The Achilles tendon is a group of tendons that connect the calf muscles to the heel.   2 Cryonic preservati preservation on is the sub-zero preservation of animals and humans in the hope that at some time in the future their bodies can be resuscitated.   3 Road rage is the sudden violent anger a motorist might feel because of the actions  

 

driver.scientific investigat 4 of It’ss another It’ the ongoing investigation ion of the relative influence on us of nature (our genetic inheritance) and nurture (our upbringing and environment). 5 Distress tolerance is the actual or perceived ability to withstand emotional distress.

Check your progress 5 1 1 No sooner had had the  the player smashed the ball into the goal than than the  the whole stadium erupted in cheers.   2 The case was due to go to court, but on on   examining the defendant, a doctor declared her unfit to stand trial.   3 It wasn’t until the police informed him that he wouldn’t get / hadn’t got bail got bail that he regretted losing / having lost his lost his temper so badly. Having admitted taking performance  4 Having  admitted to taking  performanceenhancing drugs, the athlete expected to be banned be  banned from taking taking part  part in races.   5 They were supposed to / going to / due to see / be seeing me seeing me at three and I really resented being being made  made to wait for so long. 2  1 Not only did Chrissie Wellington win

2

 

3 4

 

5

the Ironman World Championship, she also broke all women’s Ironman distance records. Not having any idea / Having no idea about what would happen next, I just sat and waited. I couldn’t understand him doing that. Engaging in meaningful activitie activitiess can make you feel really good. He worked late, having promised to send the review to his editor that night. / Having promised to send the review to his editor that night, he worked late.

3  1 2 aptitude; track [and] field penalty 3 evoke heartbroken heartbroken; ; minuscule minuscule 4 gritting; 5 overjoyed; beaming; substantial

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Answer key 

4 1 so 2 publication 3 Such 4 date 5 genres 6 topping 7 though / although 8 take 9 expense 10 ensure

11 Crimes Crimes and misdemeanours Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  1 d 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 c 2 Suggested answer   

Gerardo Garza was charged with fraud on 7 January, 2016. He spent one night in prison, but was released on bail. The case went to court, and Garza was tried on 15 July. The  jury returned a guilty guilty verdict, and the judge sentenced Garza to three years in prison. Garza served 15 months in jail. 3  1 tend to; seem to be / appear appear to be 2 appeared to have / seemed to have 3 Apparently; Apparently; arguably 4 likely; likely; could could / might  / may be 5 indicate (that) 6 has [just] been reported (that); (would) suggest (that) 7 (been) claimed (that), important [not] to 4  1 There every hope that the millions stolen in the is robbery will be found.   2 The war criminal is rumoured / thought  / believed to be living living under an assumed assumed name. 3 Property crime is thought to / believed believed to have dropped in the last year. 4 The police superintend superintendent ent is said to be / apparently difficult to work with. 5 Inner cities are known to have higher crime rates.   6 It’ It’ss possible that the woman lied in order to shield the real murderer. 7 We may be able to persuade her to confess. 8 There are known to be at least three gangs operating in this area.   9 There doesn’t tend to be much crime in this area. 5  Across Across:: 3 clue 4 suspect 7 motive 8 victim 9 confession 10 blackmail   Down Down:: 1 twist 2 accusation 5 poison 6 evidence 6  1 He managed to pull the wool over everyone’s eyes for years and got away with thousands of dollars. 2 That latest newspaper article has really blackened his name. 3 She has been / is a real goldmine for them. 4 He got away with murder murder,, I don’t know how he managed it.

 

 

5 He may think he’ he’ss got away with it, but the long arm of the law will catch up with him in the end. 6 I’ll put you in touch with Ramon Santos, he’s the top dog in that area.   7 My brother was taken to the cleaners by one of his associates and lost most of his savings. 7  1 Shoplifting 2 offence 3 warning

Track 24 We’re all fascinated by forensic science, aren’t we? The whole business of using science to catch criminals, especially murderers, has a ghoulish fascination for us. You only have to count the huge number of crime drama programmes to know that. Today, we take a brief look at the methods used by police to catch and convict criminals.

4 face-to-face 6 be in [real] trouble 7 fine prison5sentence 8 restorative justice 9 make reparation 10 work in the community 11 case worker 12 turn up 13 carry out 14 reintegrate 8  1 don’t bring 2 should see 3 had done 4 happens to turn up 5 will do 6 hadn’t been found 9  1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 a 10   1 [Had] he gone out, he would have been 10 arrested.   2 [Should] you discover more information information,, let me know immediately.   3 [Were] it not for that witness, the jury wouldn’t have believed him. 4 [But for] you, I wouldn’t have got through it. 5 [As long long as] as] you keep an an eye on him, him, he’ll he’ll be all right.   6 If I [happen] to see see an article on it, I’ll send send you the link.   7 There would be an outcry if they [were to] convict him. / There would be an outcry if he [were to] be convicted. 11   1 b 2 c 3 – 4 f 5 a 6 e 7 d 8 g 11 12   1 forensic science 2 facial composite 12 techniques 3 fingerprinti fingerprinting ng 4 autopsy

In programmes, intensebut questioning theTV suspect is high drama, in reality of the suspect is likely to say ‘no comment’ and insist on the presence of their lawyer. A witness’s evidence in the box can be crucial, but it’s often challenged by the defence – and we all know how unreliable memory is. Then there are facial composite techniques, where an artist reconstructs the criminal’s face using the memory of an eyewitness. But again, these techniques depend on memory. And this is where forensic science comes in, as it provides indisputable indisputab le evidence of a crime. Identifying suspects by their fingerprints is old hat and doesn’t excite us, but fingerprinting is still a handy way of proving that a suspect was present at the scene of the crime. Then there’s the autopsy – the examination of the corpse – which can reveal huge amounts of information. Time of death is estimated by things like body temperature, stiffness of the body and the contents of the stomach. And the autopsy can also tell us whether the victim was poisoned or what kind of weapon was used in an attack. OK, let’s move on to the really exciting stuff. These days, blood-stain analysis can track the trajectory of blood drops. The size of the drops

5 blood-stain analysis 6 DNA testing 7 DNA photofit 8 criminal profiling 13   1 intense questioning 2 witness’s evidence 13 14   1 criminal profiling 2 autopsy, blood-stain 14 analysis 3 criminal profiling 4 intense questioning, witness’s evidence, criminal profiling 5 DNA testing 6 fingerprintin fingerprinting, g, blood-stain analysis, DNA testing 7 autopsy 15   1 it not for 2 Provided 15 Provided / As long long as / If 3 Without / But for / Were it not for 4 Had 5 Should 6 Unless / Until 16   1 False (Alec Jeffreys) 2 True 3 True 16 4 True (The case was in 1986.)

indicates how far the blood fell. From bloodstain analysis, forensic scientists can get crucial information about the type of weapon, the position and even whether the assailant was right- or left-handed. And then of course there’s the big gun of criminal detection, DNA testing. DNA testing has revolutionised crime detection in the same way that fingerprinting did in the 19th century. It was a British scientist, Dr Alec Jeffreys, who made the discovery in 1984 that every human being has a unique genetic code and that they can be identified by it. You need only

5 False (not always) 6 False

the most speck blood,fingerprint skin or strand of microscopic hair to identify theof genetic contained in it. DNA testing was a huge advance in forensic science. It was first used Answer key 

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in 1986, to convict a criminal who the police would probably never have found otherwise. Two young women had been murdered, and the police asked Dr Jeffreys to examine the DNA of their suspect to prove his guilt beyond doubt. But to the police’s dismay, DNA samples proved the suspect wasn’t the murderer. But the test did prove that the same murderer had killed both girls. The police then took blood

guard for the Empire   7 The year in which Madoff was finally charged for his financial scam 3 1h 2j 3d 4c 5a 6i 7f 8b 9e 10 g 4 Suggested answers   1 Being five miles an hour over the speed limit   2 A expedition expedition to climb a very high mountain

samples from every man thekiller district anda this enabled them to find theinreal – and wrongful conviction was avoided. DNA testing today means that the police can solve murders committed decades ago. Even more extraordinary, there’s a new technique coming through called ‘DNA photofit’ that enables police to construct a physical profile of a suspect from DNA. The profile includes their age, height and even the colour of their eyes and hair. Then there’s criminal profiling, an investigative tool which was first used in 1888 and analyses a likely offender’s behaviour, with the aim of enabling detectives to predict future behaviour and even possible victims. It features a lot in crime fiction and drama – think Hannibal Lambs – but there Lecter in The Silence of the Lambs – is disagreement about how reliable it really is in criminal detection. It’s all very scary, isn’t it – for the murderer, that is! With these scientific advances, they have less and less chance of getting away with their crime.

proper equipment 3 without An emailthe falsely claiming to be from your bank and asking you to confirm your identity 4 Murder is a crime.   5 Cutting off a thief’s hand 5 Suggested answers   1 the office (equipment cupboard) / work   2 as a (major) crime   3 commit fraud / be be dishonest [rather than] do honest work / work for their living   4 assassinati assassinating ng / murdering their Emperor   5 sell the Eiffel Tower   6 capital from later investors   7 protect society   8 the longer the sentence / harsher the punishment   9 was too harsh / severe   10 Madoff’s crime was unforgivable 6 1b 2a 3a 4a 5b 6a 7 1 People ... are are ... often paid pitiful amounts of money for long hours ... 2 The Praetorian Guard ... came up with the harebrained scheme of ...   3 Ludvig perpetrated a scam almost as audacious ...   4 so the saying goes

Reading 1 1E 2B 3F 4C 5A 2 1 The sum that Bernard Madoff, chairman of a Wall Street firm, defrauded investors of   2 The number of years in prison to which Madoff was sentenced   3 The year in which Victor Ludvig persuaded a scrap-metal dealer that the Eiffel Tower was for sale as scrap metal   4 The year in which the Roman Praetorian Guard killed Emperor Pertinax and ‘sold’ the Empire to a consul called Didius Julianus   5 The number of years in prison Victor

 

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Ludvig was sentenced to for the crime of counterfeiting 6 The amount (in today’s money) that Didius Julianus offered to pay each Praetorian Answer key 

 

5 Sooner or later, the whole dodgy edifice collapses ...

Vocabulary plus / Everyday English 1 1 espionage, pickpocketing, vandalism   2 accomplice, accomplic e, deserter, stowaway, terrorist 3 bail, probation, prosecution 2 1 espionage 2 stowaway 3 Desertion 4 prosecutio prosecution n 5 accomplice 6 Pickpockets 7 Bail 8 probation 9 Vandals 10 terrorism 3 1c 2h 3d 4g 5f 6b 7e 8a 4 1 audacious 2 custodial 3 assassinati assassination on 4 suspiciously ly 7 forger(s) notorious 58fraudulently convictions 6 suspicious 5 1 there’ there’ss no way 2 I can’t say for sure. 3 I guess 4 That would make sense 5 could

 

easily 6 ’m in two minds about 7 I’d bet my bottom dollar (that) 8 they’re bound to 9 I have my my doubts doubts about about 10 most most likely likely

12 Utopia / Dystopia Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening 1  Suggested answers   1 (n) Fighting or disagreem disagreement ent between people or countries 2 (n) An imaginary society where everything is very unpleasant   3 (n) A period that follows a terrible disaster   4 (n) Following on from or coming after what is modern   5 (adj ) Only on the surface, not deeply or completely   6 (n) An imaginary society where everything is perfect 2 1 Dystopian / Post-apocalypt Post-apocalyptic* ic* 2 post-apocalypti post-apocalypticc / dystopian* dystopian* 3 conflicts 4 superficially 5 utopian 6 postmodern   3  4 5 6 

7 8

9        

* The second answer in each pair is possible, but more unlikely. 1 he 2 its 3 its 4 his 5 its 6 It 7 herself 8 She 9 her 10 They 11 each 12 his 1 ourselves 2 Everybody / Everyone 3 those 4 which / that 5 them 6 It 7 mine 1 everybody / everyone 2 it 3 ourselves 4 mine 5 which / that 6 those 7 them 1 hero 2 legends / stories / tales 3 imagination 4 loyalty 5 courage / bravery 6 resourcefulness 7 resilience 8 integrity 1a 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8a 9b 10 a 1 wish I hadn’t hadn’t 2 only we / I could solve / understand / resolve 3 would be 4 had never happened / started / taken place 5 I wish you 6 What if 7 I’d rather be 8 would you rather  / prefer to 9 If / Supposing you you could 10 than a 1 Supposing you could change one thing in the world. What would it be? 2 I wish I hadn’t said those things. I’m really sorry. 3 Imagine you could / were able to travel through time. Where would you go? 4 We’d rather live in the countryside than in a big city. 5 I wish I could afford to buy my own apartment. / I wish I could buy my own apartment, but I can’t afford it.

 

6 She wished that the two sides would stop arguing and fighting. 10   a 5 b 4 c 6 d 1 e 2 f 3 10 11   1 1853 2 1,200 3 3,000 4 29 (kilometres 11 (kilometres)) 5 six 6 22 metres 7 166 metres 8 mid-1980s 9 1987 12 Suggested answers   1 He was a factory owner / textile manufacturer.    

 

 

   

2 T o provide housing for the workers in his new mill / factory 3 They worked long hours for low pay; they left the countryside to look for better jobs / seek a better life. 4 They were neat stone cottages with wash houses and running tap water, as opposed to the cramped conditions and lack of sanitation they were used to. 5 A hospital, a school for the children, a concert hall, musical bands, allotments and a library 6 They wanted to help improve society. 7 They both had a vision to create something new. 8 They are both successful / thriving. / They both provide employment / jobs / commerce. Track 26 Salts Mill, the impressive factory you can see in this photo, opened in 1853 here at the industrial village of Saltaire. The name is a combination of the factory owner’s name, Sir Titus Salt, and the nearby River Aire. The mill was built by the side of the river, as you can see. What we have at Saltaire is a prime example of a very well-preser well-preserved ved Victorian model industrial village, and it really was the centrepiece of Sir Titus Salt’s utopian vision for a model society. The village itself was built to provide homes for the workers for a new textile mill. Workers at this time were flocking to the Bradford area from the countryside or from smaller towns where they experienced terrible conditions – low wages for long hours and cramped accommodation with little or no sanitation – to seek a better life. Reforms to working hours and child labour were slowly coming in during the Victorian era, and therephilanthropists were quite ists a few men Titus,and Victorian philanthrop who hadlike a social humanitarian conscience conscience and wanted to use their wealth and power to help create a better Answer key 

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society. It was Titus’s enlightened attitude towards urban planning and workers’ rights which prompted him to realise his great dream. The village, as you can see from this slide, consists of neat stone cottages and I can tell you they were a major improvement on what the mill workers were used to. There were wash houses with running tap water, also a hospital and a school for the children, even a concert hall andallotments other recreational facilities – musical bands, and a library. We’ll take a tour of the actual village a little later, after this introducti introduction. on. Titus Salt himself was, as I say, a successful textile manufacturer. The actual woollen factory you can see in this picture was extremely productive in its heyday: 1,200 looms were worked on by 3,000 workers, and they produced 29 kilometres of fine fabric every day – that’s nearly 9,000 kilometres every year! You can see that the building is designed in the Italianate style, which does give it a certain charm. All in all, there are six storeys, and the mill is 22 metres high and 166 metres long – quite impressive to railway passengers who could see the glass-covered engines which powered the mill as they passed by in the train. What’s happening at the mill now? Well, it stopped production in the mid-1980s, by which time it was in a state of disrepair. Thinking that it could be reinvented as a thriving centre for both culture and commerce, a local entrepr entrepreneur eneur called Jonathan Silver bought Saltaire in 1987. When you look around this afternoon, you’ll see how his vision

2 1B 2C 3A 4C 5C 6C 7B 3 1 T 2 NG 3 NG 4 F 5 F 6 T 4 1 wrought 2 congested 3 flatten 4 restrictive 5 paradigm 6 zealous 7 foresight 8 unfettered 9 modernis modernism m 10 embark on 11 infrastruc infrastructure ture 12 implement 5 1 pave over 2 bulldozer 3 pedestrian zone 4 junction 5 interchange 6 bypass

Vocabulary Plus / Everyday English 1 1 empty 2 cloud 3 lemonade 4 fish 5 chin 6 tunnel 7 side 2 a5 b3 c4 d2 e7 f6 g1 3 1 wonderland 2 pie-in-the-s pie-in-the-sky ky 3 seventh heaven 4 never-never land 5 bliss 6 dream world 7 make-believe 8 paradise 4 American:  American: 1 than; on 2 found 3 vacation 4 traffic circle 5 sneakers 6 rest rooms 7 check 8 parking lot 9 mail this package 10 Should 11 mom; frosting 12 highway; truck 13 meet with him 14 gotten; pants British:: 1 from; at 2 have found 3 holiday British 4 roundabout 5 trainers 6 toilets 7 bill 8 car park 9 post this parcel 10 Shall 11 mum; icing 12 motorway; lorry 13 meet him 14 got; trousers 5  1 anything worse 2 I wouldn’t say no 3 talking 4 it is 5 I’d love to 6 so keen on 7 much like hard work 8 a great question

Review quiz 11–12 1 1c 2a 3b 4b 5c 6b 7c 8b 9a 10 b

1 Suggested answers

2 1 Roger Ackroyd is the name of a character character in a crime novel by Agatha Christie. 2 Hercule Poirot is the only fictional character whose death was reported in the New York Times.. Times   3 Both are crimes typically committed by teenagers.   4 Both are names of dystopian societies societies..   5 Primrose Everdeen is the name of the tribute picked out by Effie Trinket at the Games. ‘reaping’ in The Hunger Games.   6 Both are modern-da modern-dayy utopias. 3 1 An informal name for a crime story

 

  

was realised – almost a modern-day Titus Salt, you might say, who turned a ‘what if …?’ into a reality. It’s now home to lots of businesses, restaurants and shops, which also offer employment – over a thousand people work here – and there’s also a successful art gallery which houses the world’s largest collection of work of Bradford’s own David Hockney, which I strongly urge you to visit …

Reading

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1 cars 2 good pleasant / agreeable 3 public transport / cycle/ paths / parks / traffic control 4 lonely lonely / unhappy / isolated isolated 5 roads roads / cars / motorways / high-rise buildings Answer key 

2 bandit 3 A A Sicilian processmountain which makes young offenders apologise for their crimes

 

 

   

4 The stages of a classic adventure story in which the hero goes on a quest and triumphs over evil 5 A British artist whose true identity is not known 6 A writing project whose aim is to get science-fiction writers to write stories about a positive future

 Pronunciation point  1 1 /’kɒnɪkt/ 2 /kən’ɪkt/ 3 /rɪ’fjuːz/ 4 /’refjuːs/ 5 /’ɪŋkriːs/ 6 /ɪŋ'kriːs/ 7 /dɪ’zɜːt/ 8 /’dezət/

Check your progress 6 1  1 It is said that Star Wars is Wars is the best Wars is said to be adventure film ever. / Star Wars is the best adventure film ever.   2 But for my parents’ help, I wouldn’t have managed to buy my first flat.   3 She agreed to marry me on condition that we had her perfect dream wedding in a fairytale castle.   4 It’ It’ss thought that Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid went to Bolivia. / Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are thought to have gone to Bolivia.   5 Were it not for the restorative justice scheme, we wouldn’t have learnt so much about the legal process. 2  1 I’m on the last chapter, so I don’t want anybody / anyone to anyone to tell me what happened at the end of the novel.   2 Theodore writes letters for those those who  who can’t express themselves well. 3 A friend of mine mine recommended  recommended reading The Lord of the Rings and Rings and as soon as I started it, I couldn’t put it down. could write 4 If only I could  write a bestselling novel set in a dystopia, I would be rich.   5 I wish there weren’t weren’t be  be any homeless people in the world. 3  1 raid 2 investigating investigating;; clues; evidence; suspects 3 wool 4 reparation 5 dystopian 6 strength / resilience 4  1 likely 2 one 3 all 4 Although / Though 5 wish 6 its 7 known 8 quest / journey  

9 faithful / loyal 10 themselves

Answer key 

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