* Student'~
LEVEL B2.1
Book
Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley
Express Publishing
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Published by Express Publishing Liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG 19 6HW Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463 e-mail:
[email protected] http://www.expresspublishing.co.uk ©Virginia Evans- Jenny Dooley, 2008 Design and lllustration © Express Publishing, 2008 Colour lllustrations:Victor, Kyr © Express Publishing, 2008 First published 2008 Second impression 20 IO Made in EU Ali rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book is not meant to be changed in any way. ISBN 978-1-84679-644-9
Acknow~edgements Authors' Acknowledgements We would like to thank ali the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this book.Thanks for their support and patience are due in particular to: Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief); Mary Swan and Sean Todd (senior editors); Michael Sadler and Steve Miller (editorial assistants); Richard White (senior production controller); the Express design team; Sweetspot (recording producers); and Kevin Harris, Kimberly Baker, Steven Gibbs and Christine Little. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book.
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Every effort has been made to trace ali the copyright holders. lf any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Contents ~~~D~
Sports & Entertainment ......................................................................................................................
p.
(111:~~15)
Food, Health and Safety ......................................................................................................................
p. 20
~~~~:~w
Travei Time ................................................................................................................................................
p. 36
t~Jin3 Environmental lssues ............................................................................................................................
p. 52
(~m'0:V Modern Living ..........................................................................................................................................
p. 68
A Key Word Transformation ............................................................................................................
p. 84
B Word Distractors .............................................................................................................................
p. 89
C Word Formation ..............................................................................................................................
p. 93
D Prepositions ........................................................................................................................................
p. 99
E Phrasal Verbs ......................................................................................................................................
p. 102
Module I
Comparatives and Superlatives ...................................................................................................... Relative Clauses/ldentifying and Non-ldentifying Relative Clauses .............................. Present Simple and Present Continuous/Stative Verbs ...................................................... Present Perfect/Present Perfect Continuous ..........................................,................................. Past Simple/Past Continuous/Past Perfect ................................................................................ Past Perfect Continuous .....................................................................................................................
p. p. p. p. p. p.
Module 2
Reported Speech .................................................................................................................................... Reported Statements/Questions .................................................................................................... Reported Orders/Commands/Requests/Suggestions ........................................................... Future Simple/Be going to/Future Continuous/Future Perfectl Future Perfect Continuous ................................................................................................................. lnfinitive ...................................................................................................................................................... Tenses of the lnfinitive/-ing form .................................................................................................... Summary of Functions of Moda! Verbs ........................................................................................
p. I I3 p. I 14 p. I I5
Module 3
Quite - Rather - Fairly - Pretty - Very/Be/Get used to - Used to - Would ...................... The definite article the .........................................................................................................................
p. 125 p. 127
Module 4
lnversíon ...................................................................................................................................................... The Passive ................................................................................................................................................ Type 0/1/2/3 Conditionals ................................................................................................................... Mixed Conditionals/Wishes/Unreal Past- had betterlwould rather ........... f...............
p. p. p. p.
128 130 132 133
M()ct.IJI~ ~
There - lt ..................................................................................................................................................... AII/Both/Neither/None/Whole/Either/Every .................................................................................... Causative Form ....................................................................................................................................... Concession/Ciauses of Result/Ciauses of Purpose ................................................................. Far- Every- Each - Much - Too - Even -A bit - Any .............................................................. Quantifiers .................................................................................................................................................
p. p. p. p. p. p.
135 136 137 139 141 142
p. p. p. p.
4
IOS I06 I08 I09 III I 12
118 I 19 120 122
(~mt Appendix I Phrasal Verbs .................................. ,·.......................................................................................................... Appendix 11 Verbs,Adjectives, Nouns with Prepositions ............................................................................... Prepositional Phrases ........................................................................................................................... ~
...................................................................................................................................................................
p. 143 p. 148 p. ISO p.152
Reading & Vocabulary Reading You are going to read à text. For questions 1-8, choose the answer, A, B, C or D, which you think fits best according to the text.
My parents always said I was born to be a sportsman. They said that even when I was in nappies, I wasn't happy unless I was kicking or throwing a ball. My first memory is of Dad and me playing football in our back garden. I recai! 5 my mum sitting down on the grass under the summer sun cheering me on as I clumsily kicked a football into the goal net my dad was 'defending'. The sense of achievement when I scored my first goal stuck with me, and my life has revolved around football ever since. As I grew up, I dreamed of becoming a football player. During class, I tried to stay focused on my studies; I knew that few people became professional sportsmen and it was crucial to get a good education. But I devoted every spare second to my passion. At break times, I could be found in the playground practising ball skills, and almost as soon as the bell rang at the end of the school day, I was playing five-a-side games at the local playing fields. I knew that if I wanted to become a success, I would have to put ali my energy into the game. My big break carne when I was 18. Leicester City FC offered me a place in the squad. lt was there that I leamed the true value of teamwork. I played with a fantastic group of guys there and we worked toward one common goal to win! I learned that every person has their own individual talents, and a great team brings these talents together. We enjoyed great success at Leicester, and I was lucky enough to become one of the UK's top scorers! I was transferred to Everton and, while I was sad to leave my fellow team-mates, I was excited about working with new people and making new friends. My time at Everton was an outstanding experience. While I was there, I scored 38 goals in 52 games. lt wasn't long until I was on a new journey, this time across the sea to Spain to play for FC Barcelona. I was nervous at first, but it turned out that there was no reason to panic. I felt great pride when I stepped into the stadium and onto the pitch in Barcelona. Many footballers dream of playing for such a glorious team! lt was a wonderful time for me. Not only did we beat our archrivals, Real Madrid, but we also fought our way through to the UEFA finais where we defeated Sampdoria and became European Champions.
my country, England, in the World Cup. The toumament raises the levei of competitiveness for every player. Not only do you have to be mentally prepared, but you have to be at the peak 4! of physical fitness - so, as you can imagine, it didn't help that I had to play the toumament with my left arm heavily strapped up! But I was determined not to let one injury stop me and played anyway! Because we were a strong team, we got to the quarter finais, and I scored six goals during the entire 5 t competition and won the 'Golden Boof award! Football has taken me around the world, from England to Spain to Japan! I have become fluent in two other languages and have experienced other culturas. Since retiring, I have worked as a ~orts commentator andas a 5! writer. l've even done some TV advertisements, but l'm not quite an Oscar winner! l've become quite the all-round sportsman - l've even played for Leicester Cricket Club. My career provided me with many happy memories that I wouldn't change for the world. Plus, l've played many fun 61 games of footy!
As you can imagine, the proudest I felt was when I played for
. What is the writer's first memory? A throwing a ball with his father B running around his garden in his nappy C scoring his first goal D sitting in the garden with his mother
2 What was the writer's attitude towards hi education? A He believed it was important to get a goo· education.
B He didn't like concentrating on his studies.
C He would rather have practised his ball skills. D He wanted to put ali his energy into the game.
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MODULE 1
3 What did the writer learn at Leicester City FC? A that the only thing that matters isto win B the importance of working as part of a team C how to show people his individual talents D that it was his big break in football 4 How did the writer feel about his time at Everton? A He was sad there and missed his old team-mates. B He always felt nervous when he was playing. C He found it to be a wonderful experience. D He would have preferred to play for Barcelona. S In line 38, the writer refers to a
'glorious team'. Who is he referring to? A Real Madrid B Barcelona C Sampdoria D England 6 What two things are required of a World Cup player? A competitiveness and physical fitness B determination and physical fitness C determination and mental fitness. D physical and mental fitness 7 What impression do we get of the writer's attitude towards his acting skills? A He thinks he is good enough to win an Oscar. B He doesn't think he is very good at acting. C He expects them to improve. D He thinks he might win an Oscar. 8 How does the writer seem to
feel by the end of the text? A He has some regrets, but he is mainly happy. B He is very happy that he can speak two other languages fluently. C He is happy he can play more cricket and try new things. D He believes that he has had many great experiences in his life and has no regrets.
Vocabulary Choose the correct word. She felt a great ...... of achievement when she qualified for the national championships. A sensation B spirit C sense D feeling
2 Can you ...... when you scored your first goal in a match? A remind B memorise C picture D recall 3 The veteran figure skater said her whole life . . . . . . around the ice rink. A turned B revolved C evolved D circled 4 David Beckham's father . . . . . . of becoming a football star when he was young. A wished B hoped C dreamed D fancied
S A successful athlete needs to ...... a lot of time to training. A devote B concentrate C apply D invest 6 lt's not easy to ...... a success in the world of sports. A develop B become C turn D have 7 Professional footballers have to ...... ali their energy into their job. A give B spend C provide D put 8 A good chess player knows how to stay ...... on the game.
A centred 9
B focused
C trained
D attentive
Golfers tend to travei a lot and ...... other cultures. B acquaint C experiment D experience
A learn
IO He has dedicated his whole life to rugby and he wouldn't ...... it for the world. A alter
B exchange
C change
D vary
Fill in: comrnentator; competitors, rival, referee, runner-up, spectators, trainet~ umpire. More than 30,000 London marathon.
took part in this year's
2 The safety of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . should be the priority at ali sports events.
3
J.
Norman was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in three events and took home three silver medals.
4 Manchester United and Liverpool are two well-known .............. teams.
S Some tennis players tend to argue with ~e ............. . during matches.
6 The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shouted into the microphone with joy as the whistle blew and England took the cup. 7 The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was criticised for allowing an off-side goal during last night's match. 8 France's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has promised to make major changes to the team for next week's match. --_;- Fill in: break, piaying, physical, professiona!, S·co:e, spons, wp, w:r.. . .................... a goal 2 .................. an award 3 .................... scorer 4 ..................... fitness
S ..................... times
6 ............. commentator 7 ..................... player 8 ...................... fields MODULE 1
15
Listening Part 1 1
(( Past Continuous "/ am playing basketba/1 this afternoon."
He said (that) he was playing basketba/1 that afternoon.
Present Perfect-> Past Perfect "/ have washed my hair."
She said (that) she had washed her hair.
Past Simple -> Past Simple or Past Perfect "/ paid
no for the book."
He said (that) he paidlhad paid t.20 for the book.
Past Continuous -> Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous "/ was studying for the exam."
He said that he was studyingl had been studying for the exam.
(would) "/ wi/1 cal/ you tomorrow."
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•
•
j,',
lj
·1.1,1'
1 ..
1
Certain words and time expressions change according to the meaning as follows: now -> then, immediately today -> that day yesterday -> the day before, the previous day tomorrow -> the next/following day this week -> that week last week -> the week before, the previous week next week -> the week after, the following week -> before ago -> there here come -> go bring -> take The verb tenses remain the same in reported speech when the introductory verb is in the present, future or present perfect. Trevor has (often) said, "The system doesn't work." Trevor has (often) said (that) the system .doesn't work. The verb tenses can either change or remain the same in reported speech when reporting a general truth or law of nature. The teacher said, "Corfu is an island." The teacher said (that) Corfu islwas an is/and.
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1141
Grammar Module 2
He said that he would cal/ me the next day.
Reported Questions •
•
•
•
Reported questions are usually introduced with the verbs ask, inquire, wonder or the phrase want to know. When the direct question begins with a question word (who, where, how, when, what, etc), the reported question is introduced ")ith the same question word. "What time do shops dose, please?" (direct question) He asked me what time shops closed. (reported question) When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be, do, have), ora modal verb (can, may, etc), then the reported question is introduced with if or whether. "Are there any oranges left?" (direct question) He asked me iflwhether there were any oranges left. (reported question) In reported questions, the verb is in the affirmative.The question mark and words/phrases such as please, well, oh, etc are omitted. The verb tenses, pronouns and time expressions change as in statements. "Can you te/1 me when the next f/ight to Spain is, please?" (direct question) He asked me when the next flight to Spain was. (reported question)
Grammar Practíce Sectíon Reported Orders To report orders in reported speech, we use the introductory verbs order ar tell + sb + (not) to- infinitive. "Stop!" (direct arder) He ©rdleredl them to stop. (reported arder) "Don't run!" (direct arder) She ·~Drt:ff us h"»orrc t© ri!.B!'l. (reported arder)
Reported Commands/Requests/ Suggestions, etc To report commands, requests, suggestions, instructions, etc, we use a special introductory verb followed by a toinfinitive, -ing form ar that-clause, depending on the introductory verb.
+ to infinitive "Yes, /'11/end you my MP3 player." "/'m worl
