Wireless Technology Viva Questions and Answer Mca Sem5

MCA SEM5 Wireless Technology Viva Questions & Answer 1. Wireless Communications Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or wires. 2. Broadband broadband refers to the wide bandwidth characteristics of a transmission medium and its ability to transport multiple signals and traffic types simultaneously. 3. Signal A signal is a function that conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon 4. Data Rate the rate at which circuits or other devices operate when handling digital information. 5. Bandwidth The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. For digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second(bps) or bytes per second. For analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz). 6. Analog Data Analog data take on continuous values in some interval. For example, voice and video are continuously varying patterns of intensity. 7. Digital Data Digital data take on discrete values; examples are text and integers. 8. Analog Signal An analog signal is a continuously varying electromagnetic wave that may be propagated over a variety of media, depending on frequency; examples are copper wire media, such as twisted pair and coaxial cable; 9. Digital Signal A digital signal is a sequence of voltage pulses that may be transmitted over a copper wire medium; for example, a constant positive voltage level may represent binary 0 and a constant negative voltage level may represent binary 1. 10. channel capacity The maximum rate at which data can be transmitted over a given communication path, or channel, under given conditions is referred to as the channel capacity. 11. Transmission medium and its type the transmission medium is the physical path between transmitter and receiver. Transmission media can be classified as guided or unguided. 12. Infrared Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, extending from the nominal red edge of the visible spectrum at 0.74 micrometres (µm) to 300 µm. 13. Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.

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14. Demultiplexing demultiplexer (or demux) is a device taking a single input signal and selecting one of many data-output-lines, which is connected to the single input. 15. frequency division multiplexing (FDM) FDM is a technique by which the total bandwidth available in a communication mediumis divided into a series of non-overlapping frequency sub-bands, each of which is used to carry a separate signal. 16. Time division multiplexing (TDM). TDM is a type of digital (or rarely analog) multiplexing in which two or more bit streams or signals are transferred appearing simultaneously as sub-channels in one communication channel, but are physically taking turns on the channel. 17. guard bands a guard band is an unused part of the radio spectrum between radio bands, for the purpose of preventing interference. 18. What techniques are used for multiplexing? Two techniques for multiplexing in telecommunications networks are in common use: frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). 19. LAN,MAN,WAN LAN: (local area network as listed in our computer terms page) A group of computers that share a common connection and are usually in a small area or even in the same building. MAN: (metropolitan area network) This is a larger network that connects computer users in a particular geographic area or region. For example a large university may have a network so large that it may be classified as a MAN. The MAN network usually exist to provide connectivity to local ISPs, cable tv, or large corporations. WAN: (wide area network) This is the largest network and can interconnect networks throughout the world and is not restricted to a geographical location. The Internet is an example of a worldwide public WAN. 20. Switching Techniques a. circuit switching : Communication via circuit switching implies that there is a dedicated communication path between two stations. b. packet switching: Packet switching is a digital networking communications method that groups all transmitted data – regardless of content, type, or structure – into suitably sized blocks, called packets. 21. Asynchronous transfer mode Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), also known as cell relay, is in some ways similar to packet switching. Like packet switching, ATM involves the transfer of data in discrete chunks. Also, like packet switching, ATM allows multiple logical connections to be multiplexed over a single physical interface. 22. TCP IP Protocol is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network 23. OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (ISO/IEC 7498-1) is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at theInternational Organization for Standardization. It is a

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prescription of characterizing and standardizing the functions of a communications system in terms of abstraction layers. 24. Internetworking Internetworking (a combination of the words inter (“between”) and networking; it is not internet-working or international-network) is the practice of connecting a computer networkwith other networks through the use of gateways that provide a common method of routing information packets between the networks. The resulting system of interconnected networks is called an internetwork, or simply an internet. 25. Routers A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. 26. IPv4 & IPv6 IPv4: Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length. IPv6: Addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length IPv4: Header includes a checksum. IPv6: Header does not include a checksum. IPv4: Must support a 576-byte packet size (possibly fragmented). IPv6: Must support a 1280-byte packet size (without fragmentation). 27. What is antenna, what are its type? An antenna can be defined as an electrical conductor or system of conductors used either for radiating electromagnetic energy or for collecting electromagnetic energy. Antenna Types are Dipoles, Parabolic Reflective Antenna 28. What are different propagation modes? Ground Wave Propagation, Sky Wave Propagation, Line-of-Sight Propagation 29. Attenuation It is the loss of energy as the signal propagates outward. The amount of energy depends on the frequency. If the attenuation is too much, the receiver may not be able to detect the signal at all, or the signal may fall below the noise level. For reliable communication, the attenuation and delay over the range of frequencies of transmission should be constant. 30. Noise Noise is a third impairment. It can be define as unwanted energy from sources other than the transmitter. Thermal noise is caused by the random motion of the electrons in a wire and is unavoidable. 31. Crosstalk cross talk is a noise that is caused by the inductive coupling between two wires that are closed to each other. Sometime when talking on the telephone, you can hear another conversation in the background. That is cross talk 32. Distortion Communication line have distributed

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inductance and capacitance which distort the amplitude of signals and also delay the signals at different frequencies by different amounts. It is caused by the fact that different Fourier components travel at different speed. 33. What is fading? What are its type? The term fading refers to the time variation of received signal power caused by changes in the transmission medium or path(s). Fast fading: Fast fading occurs when the coherence time of the channel is small relative to the delay constraint of the channel. In this regime, the amplitude and phase change imposed by the channel varies considerably over the period of use. Slow Fading: slow-fading channel, it is not possible to use time diversity because the transmitter see only a single realization of the channel within its delay constraint. A deep fade therefore lasts the entire duration of transmission and cannot be mitigated using coding. 34. What is error correction? What are its type? a. forward error correction FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. b. backward error correction: in which the receiver merely detects the presence of errors and then sends a request back to the transmitter to retransmit the data in error. Backward error correction is not practical in many wireless applications. 35. What is ASK, FSK, PSK ASK refers to a type of amplitude modulation that assigns bit values to discrete amplitude levels. The carrier signal is then modulated among the members of a set of discrete values to transmit information. FSK refers to a type of frequency modulation that assigns bit values to discrete frequency levels. FSK is divided into noncoherent and coherent forms. In noncoherent forms of FSK, the instantaneous frequency shifts between two discrete values termed the “mark” and “space” frequencies. In coherent forms of FSK, there is no phase discontinuity in the output signal. FSK modulation formats generate modulated waveforms that are strictly real values, and thus tend not to share common features with quadrature modulation schemes. PSK in a digital transmission refers to a type of angle modulation in which the phase of the carrier is discretely varied—either in relation to a reference phase or to the phase of the immediately preceding signal element—to represent data being transmitted. For example, when encoding bits, the phase shift could be 0 degree for encoding a “0,” and 180 degrees for encoding a “1,” or the phase shift could be –90 degrees for “0” and +90 degrees for a “1,” thus making the representations for “0” and “1” a total of 180 degrees apart. 36. Amplitude Modulation amplitude modulation A form of modulation in which the amplitude of a carrier wave is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal. 37. Frequency Modulation frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency. This contrasts with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant.

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In analog applications, the difference between the instantaneous and the base frequency of the carrier is not directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input-signal amplitude but it is proportional to frequency 38. Pulse Code Modulation Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form for digital audio in computers and various Blu-ray, DVD andCompact Disc formats, as well as other uses such as digital telephone systems. A PCM stream is a digital representation of an analog signal, in which the magnitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, with each sample being quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps. 39. What is spread spectrum Spread spectrum techniques involve spreading the bandwidth needed to transmit data – which does not make sense at first sight. Spreading the bandwidth has several advantages. The main advantage is the resistance to narrowband interference. 40. FHSS Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels, using a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. It is utilized as a multiple access method in the frequency-hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA) scheme. 41. DSSS direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. As with other spread spectrumtechnologies, the transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the information signal that modulates the carrier or broadcast frequency. The name ‘spread spectrum’ comes from the fact that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a device’s transmitting frequency. 42. Parity Check parity checking: A technique used to detect memory or data communication errors. The computer adds up the number of bits in a one-byte data item, and if the parity bit setting disagrees with the sum of the other bits, the computer reports an error. Parity-checking schemes work by storing a one-bit digit (0 or 1) that indicates whether the sum of the bits in a data item is odd or even. When the data item is read from memory or received by another computer, a panty check occurs. If the parity check reveals that the parity bit is incorrect, the computer displays an error message 43. Cyclic Redundancy Check A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data. Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents; on retrieval the calculation is repeated, and corrective action can be taken against presumed data corruption if the check values do not match. 44. Hamming Code Hamming codes are a family of linear error-correcting codes that generalize the Hamming(7,4)-code invented by Richard Hamming in 1950. Hamming codes can detect up to two and correct up to one bit errors. By contrast, the simpleparity code cannot correct errors, and can detect only an odd number of errors. Hamming codes are special in that they are perfect codes, that is, they achieve the highest possible rate for codes with their block length and minimum distance 3 45. BCH Codes

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BCH codes form a class of cyclic error-correcting codes that are constructed using finite fields. BCH codes were invented in 1959 by Hocquenghem, and independently in 1960 by Bose and Ray-Chaudhuri.[1] The abbreviation BCH comprises the initials of these inventors’ names. One of the key features of BCH codes is that during code design, there is a precise control over the number of symbol errors correctable by the code 46. convolutional code convolutional code is a type of error-correcting code in which each m-bit information symbol (each m-bit string) to be encoded is transformed into an n-bit symbol, where m/n is the code rate (n ≥ m) and the transformation is a function of the last k information symbols, where k is the constraint length of the code. 47. 1G, 2G, 3G mobile System *Refer Q.A wise notes 48. GPRS General packet radio service (GPRS) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system’s global system for mobile communications(GSM). 49. GSM GSM is Global System for Mobile Communications. GSM is a wireless platform that uses radio frequencies. It has been designed for speech services and uses circuit switched transmission. 50. GSM vs CDMA *Refer book 51. What is Handoff? What are its type? When a mobile user travels from one area of coverage or cell to another cell within a call’s duration the call should be transferred to the new cell’s base station. Otherwise, the call will be dropped because the link with the current base station becomes too weak as the mobile recedes. Indeed, this ability for transference is a design matter in mobile cellular system design and is call handoff. Two basic types of handoff are defined—viz. hard handoff and soft handoff. 52. cordless systems cordless systems have evolved from cordless telephone technology. Originally, cordless telephones were developed to provide users with mobility within a residence or small office by separating the handset from the rest of the telephone (called the base station) and providing a simple analog wireless link. 53. wireless local loop (WLL) Wireless local loop (WLL), is a term for the use of a wireless communications link as the “last mile / first mile” connection for delivering plain old telephone service (POTS) and/orbroadband Internet to telecommunications customers. Various types of WLL systems and technologies exist. 54. IEEE 802.16 EEE 802.16 is a series of Wireless Broadband standards authored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE Standards Board established a working group in 1999 to develop standards for broadband for Wireless Metropolitan Area

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Networks. The Workgroup is a unit of the IEEE 802 local area network and metropolitan area network standards committee. 55. Mobile IP Mobile IP (or IP mobility) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. 56. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Forum to provide mobile users of wireless phones and other wireless terminals such as pagers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) access to telephony and information services, including the Internet and the Web. 57. Wireless Markup Language (WML) WML was designed to describe content and format for presenting data on devices with limited bandwidth, limited screen size, and limited user input capability. It is designed to work with telephone keypads, styluses, and other input devices common to mobile, wireless communication. 58. WMLScript WML Script is a scripting language with similarities to JavaScript. It is designed for defining script-type programs in a user device with limited processing power and memory. 59. Wireless Application Environment (WAE) The WAE specifies an application framework for wireless devices such as mobile telephones, pagers, and PDAs. In essence, the WAE consists of tools and formats that are intended to ease the task of developing applications and devices supported by WAP. 60. Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) WSP provides applications with an interface for two session services. The connection oriented session service operates above the reliable transport protocol WTP, and the connectionless session service operates above the unreliable transport protocol WDP. In essence, WSP is based on HTTP with some additions and modifications to optimize its use over wireless channels 61. Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) WTP manages transactions by conveying requests and responses between a user agent (such as a WAP browser) and an application server for such activities as browsing and e-commerce transactions. WTP provides a reliable transport service but dispenses with much of the overhead of TCP, resulting in a lightweight protocol that is suitable for implementation in “thin” clients (e.g., mobile nodes) and suitable for use over low-bandwidth wireless links. 62. Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) WDP is used to adapt a higher-layer WAP protocol to the communication mechanism

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(called the bearer) used between the mobile node and the WAP gateway. Adaptation may include partitioning data into segments of appropriate size for the bearer and interfacing with the bearer network. 63. IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). The base version of the standard was released in 1997 and has had subsequent amendments. These standards provide the basis for wireless network products using the Wi-Fi brand. 64. WiFi WiFi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly(using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. 65. What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in theISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security. Created by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994,[1] it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. 66. What is Piconets? A piconet is an ad-hoc computer network linking a wireless user group of devices using Bluetooth technology protocols. It allows one master device to interconnect with up to seven active slave devices. Up to 255 further slave devices can be inactive, or parked, which the master device can bring into active status at any time. 67. Scatternets A scatternet is a type of ad-hoc computer network consisting of two or more piconets. The terms ‘scatternet’ and ‘piconet’ are typically applied to Bluetooth wireless technology. 68. Logical Link Control (LLC) In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the logical link control (LLC) data communication protocol layer is the upper sublayer of the data link layer, which is itself layer 2. The LLC sublayer provides multiplexing mechanisms that make it possible for several network protocols (IP, IPX, Decnetand Appletalk) to coexist within a multipoint network and to be transported over the same network media. It can also provide flow control and automatic repeat request (ARQ) error management mechanisms. 69. XHTML XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written. 70. CHTML C-HTML (short for Compact HyperText Markup Language), also called i-mode-HTML,[1] is a subset of HTML for small information devices, such as first-generation smart phones and PDAs, such as DoCoMo’s i-mode mobile phones used in Japan. C-HTML adds several features not found in standard HTML, notably accesskeys, phone number shortcuts for links,

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and emojipictorial characters as locally extended Shift JIS, all concepts borrowed from HDML and WML. 71. 2.5G 2.5G (“second and a half generation”) is used to describe 2G-systems that have implemented a packet-switched domain in addition to the circuit-switched domain. It does not necessarily provide faster services because bundling of timeslots is used for circuit-switched data services (HSCSD) as well. The first major step in the evolution of GSM networks to 3G occurred with the introduction of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). 72. 3rd generation of mobile third Generation, is a term used to represent the 3rd generation of mobile telecommunications technology. Also called Tri-Band 3G. This is a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV. 73. VSAT VSAT is an abbreviation for a Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is basically a two-way satellite ground station with less than 3 meters tall dish antenna stationed. The transmissions rates of VSATs are usually from very low and up to 4 Mbit/s . These VSATs primary job is accessing the satellites in the geosynchronous orbit and relaying data from terminals in earth to other terminals and hubs. 74. Radio Specification The Bluetooth radio specification is a short document that gives the basic details of radio transmission for Bluetooth devices. 75. Baseband Specification The Bluetooth baseband consists mainly of a Link Controller (LC) that carries out baseband protocols and low-layer link routines. Protocols defined within the scope of the baseband specification include (among others) physical channels and links, data packet definitions, error correction and detection, logical channels, channel control, and hop selection. For more information about the Bluetooth baseband specification, see the Bluetooth core specification document. 76. Symbian OS Symbian OS is one of Nokia’s mobile operating systems for mobile devices and low-end smartphones, with associated libraries, user interface, frameworks and reference implementations of common tools, originally developed by Symbian Ltd. The Symbian Operating System is an operating system designed mainly for mobile devices. Symbian 77. iOS iOS (previously iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed and distributed by Apple Inc. Originally released in 2007 for theiPhone and iPod Touch, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPad and Apple TV. Unlike Microsoft’sWindows Phone (Windows CE) and Google’s Android, Apple does not license iOS for installation on non-Apple hardware 78. Android OS ndroid is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.

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79. MIDP The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is key element of the Java 2 Platform, Mobile Edition (J2ME). When combined with the Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC), MIDP provides a standard runtime Java environment for today’s most popular mobile information devices, such as cell phones and mainstream personal digital assistants (PDAs). 80. WCDMA WCDMA is the radio access scheme used for Third Generation cellular systems that are being rolled out in various parts of the globe. The 3G systems to support wideband services like high-speed Internet Access, video and high quality image transmission with the same quality as the fixed networks. In WCDMA systems the CDMA air interface is combined with GSM based networks. The WCDMA standard was evolved through the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) which aims to ensure interoperability between different 3G networks. 81. FDMA The satellite is used as in intermediate device providing, in effect, a point-to-point link between two earth stations. Because of the wide area coverage of the satellite, this is not necessarily the case to be divided using FDM into a number of smaller channels, each of which uses FM. Each of the smaller channels in turn carries a number of voice frequency (VF) signals using FDM. The ability of multiple earth stations to access the same channel is referred to as FDMA. 82. Bluetooth Architecture *Refer notes 83. GSM Architecture *Refer notes 84. List the transmission impairment effecting the wireless transmission Analog signal consist of varying a voltage with time to represent an information steam. If the transmission media were perfectly, the receiver could receive exactly the same signal that the transmitter sent. But communication lines are usually not perfect, so the receive signal is not the same as the transmitted signal. For digital data this difference can lead to errors. Transmission lines suffers from three major problems 1. Attenuation 2. Delay distortions 3. Noise 85. Short Message Service(SMS) is a text messaging service component of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone device 86. CLDC configuration, and different profile supported by it?

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The Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) is a specification of a framework for Java ME applications describing the basic set of libraries and virtualmachine features that must be present in an implementation. The CLDC is combined with one or more profiles to give developers a platform for building applications on embedded devices with very limited resources such as pagers and mobile phones Mobile Information Device Profile: The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is used with the CLDC configuration and contains classes that provide local storage, a user interface, and networking capabilities to an application that runs on a mobile computing device such as Palm OS devices. MIDP is used with wireless Java applications. • PDA Profile: The PDA Profile (PDAP) is used with the CLDC configuration and contains classes that utilize sophisticated resources found on personal digital assistants. These features include better displays and larger memory than similar resources found on MIDP mobile devices. 87. Explain the various states that a Bluetooth enabled device can move into Active Mode:In this mode, the Bluetooth module participates actively on the transmission channel Sniff Mode: This is a low consumption mode. A Bluetooth module in the Sniff mode stays synchronised in the piconet. It listens to the piconet at regular intervals (Tsniff) for a short instant. Hold Mode:The module remains synchronized. This is lower consumption mode than the Sniff mode Park Mode:A Bluetooth module in this mode is no longer an active member of the piconet. However, it remains synchronized with the master and can listen to a broadcast channel (Beacon Channel). 88. Various Configuration supported by J2ME There are two configurations for J2ME. 1. Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC) The CLDC is designed for 16-bit or 32-bit small computing devices with limited amounts of memory. CLDC devices usually have between 160KB and 512KB of available memory and are battery powered. They also use an inconsistent, small-bandwidth network wireless connection and may not have a user interface. CLDC devices use the KJava Virtual Machine (KVM) implementation, which is a stripped-down version of the JVM. CLDC devices include

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pagers, personal digital assistants, cell phones, dedicated terminals, and handheld consumer devices with between 128KB and 512KB of memory. 2. Connected Device Configuration (CDC) CDC devices use a 32-bit architecture, have at least two megabytes of memory available, and implement a complete functional JVM. CDC devices include digital set-top boxes, home appliances, navigation systems, point-of-sale terminals, and smart phones. 89. Various Profile supported by J2ME Game Profile : The Game Profile is also used with the CDC configuration and contains the necessary classes for developing game applications for any small computing device that uses the CDC configuration. ■Mobile Information Device Profile : The Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is used with the CLDC configuration and contains classes that provide local storage, a user interface, and networking capabilities to an application that runs on a mobile computing device such as Palm OS devices. MIDP is used with wireless Java applications. ■PDA Profile : The PDA Profile (PDAP) is used with the CLDC configuration and contains classes that utilize sophisticated resources found on personal digital assistants. These features include better displays and larger memory than similar resources found on MIDP mobile devices. ■Personal Profile : The Personal Profile is used with the CDC configuration and the Foundation Profile and contains classes to implement a complex user interface. The Foundation Profile provides core classes, and the Personal Profiles provide classes to implement a sophisticated user interface, which is a user interface that is capable of displaying multiple windows at a time. ■Personal Basis Profile: The Personal Basis Profile is similar to the Personal Profile in that it is used with the CDC configuration and the Foundation Profile. However, the Personal Basis Profile provides classes to implement a simple user interface, which is a user interface that is capable of displaying one window at a time. ■RMI Profile: The RMI Profile is used with the CDC configuration and the Foundation Profile to provide Remote Method Invocation classes to the core classes contained in the Foundation Profile.

**And all other topics from syllabus** All the Best

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