WiMAX vs LTE

WiMAX vs LTE One Day Seminar Minggu, 26 February 2012

Technology Challenge & Business Opportunity Arief Hamdani Gunawan ([email protected])

Agenda INTRODUCTION • Is LTE a 4G technology? • Specifying LTE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW • OFDM • Advanced antenna systems • System Architecture Evolution • Rollout problems • Competing technologies to LTE • Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION • TDD & FDD • Capacity requirements • Candidate bands • The need for harmonized spectrum • New bands needed • Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE • LTE Pros and Cons • New Applications • LTE home femtocells • Lower Costs • Benefits of all-IP infrastructure • HSPA as an alternative to LTE

2

Wireline and Wireless: Strengths and Weakness STRENGTH

Mobile broadband (EDGE, HSPA, LTE, etc.)

Wireline broadband (DSL, DOCSIS, FTTH, etc.)

WEAKNESS

Constant Connectivity Broadband capacity across extremely wide areas Good access solution for areas lacking wireline infrastructure Capacity enhancement via FMC Excellent voice communications

Lower capacity than wireline approaches Inability to serve highbandwidth applications such as IPTV

High-capacity broadband at very high data rates Evolution to extremely high throughput rates

Expensive to deploy new networks, especially in developing lacking infrastructure 3

Wireline and Wireless: Milestones

FTTH 100 Mbps

100 Mbps

3.9G

ADSL2+ 25 Mbps

10 Mbps ADSL 3 to 5 Mbps

1 Mbps

100 Kbps

LTE 10 Mbps

3.5G 3.5G

HSPA+ 5 Mbps

ADSL 1 Mbps

3G ISDN 128 Kbps

2.5G

HSDPA 1 Mbps

UMTS 350 Kbps

2G EDGE 100 Kbps GPRS 40 Kbps

10 Kbps 2000

2005

2010

Mobile throughput follows landline throughput by approx. factor 10 4

Wireline and Wireless: Broadband price development … …

puts pressure on bit production costs Mobile Broadband Technology Development

Mobile Broadband Price Development

5

Background of LTE: Data Traffic UMTS-HSPA Voice and Data Traffic

Based on leading UMTS-HSPA infrastructure vendor statistics.

Mobile Data Traffic Growth (USA)

Based on “Managing Growth and Profits in the Yottabyte Era”, Chetan Sharma, July 2009.

6

Background of LTE: Data Usage iPhone Data Usage (Europe)

G1 Data Usage (USA)

200%

> 50X

100%

Average handset usage

20%

Nokia N95 (HSPA)

iPhone (EDGE)

iPhone 3G (EDGE)

> 8X 1 (Reference) Voice-Centric Data-Centric T-Mobile G1 3G Phones 3G Phones

Source: Data traffic in MB normalized to iPhone 2G usage

Average data traffic in MB of active handset subscriber

IDC Mobile Wireless Tracker 3Q08 7

Background of LTE: ARPU Growth Voice ARPU

Voice ARPU $30.0

Australia Hong Kong

$25.0

India Philippines PRC

$20.0

Singapore Taiwan

$15.0

Korea

Data ARPU

$10.0

Data ARPU

$5.0 30

$2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

25

2012

(US$)

20 Australia

15

Hong Kong India

10

Philippines PRC

5

Singapore Taiwan Korea

0 2007

Source: IDC Mobile Wireless Tracker 3Q08

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

8

Background of LTE: Mobile Data Traffic Is Exploding….. Wireless Data Usage per Mobile Device (MB/Month)

2002

2007

Page View of Yahoo! For Cell phones

2013

“René Obermann, CEO of Deutsche Telekom AG: iPhone is driving up average wireless data usage as much as 30 times higher than on other phones” “In last year's third quarter call, Verizon (VZ) execs said data revenues grew 63% year-over-year, and accounted for almost 20% of the carrier's overall service revenue.” “Nokia Siemens Networks sees greater volumes of data than voice in several European HSPDA networks. In some networks, data accounts for 80% of the traffic volume.” 9

Background of LTE: driven by mobile broadband 3500

Subscriptions (million)

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Fixed

Mobile

Mobile Broadband includes: CDMA2000 EV-DO, HSPA, LTE, Mobile WiMAX, TD-SCDMA Fixed broadband includes: DSL, FTTx, Cable modem, Enterprise leased lines and Wireless Broadband

80% of Broadband subscribers are mobile in 2014 10

Mobile System Evolution Global Support

TD-SCDMA

GSM

WCDMA

LTE

HSPA

FDD and TDD

GSM Track (3GPP)

CDMA One EVDO Rev A CDMA Track (3GPP2)

2001

2005

2008

2010

LTE – the global standard for Next Generation 11

Background of LTE: Access Network Evolution The Driver for LTE is

Data… 3GPP EDGE

2.5G

WDCMA

3G

HSPA

LTE

3.5G

3.9G

DOrA

LTE

3GPP2 CDMA 1X

EV-DO

But Voice and SMS: Still the leading Mobile Applications today… 12

1G to 4G 1G 2G

3G

4G

13

Characteristics of 3GPP Technologies 2G 2.5G

2.5G

3G 3.5G 3.5G 3.9G 4G

14

Wireless Access Roadmap

High Mobility

$0.30 - $20/Mbytes Vehicular

Multimedia Data, Location Services, Augmented Reality, Music/Video, Voice over IP, Remote Control WiMAX 802.16e, LTE

2G Pedestrian

GSM, cdmaOne PDC

2.5G

DECT/Cordless Phones

Portable

3G

GPRS, EDGE, CDMA2000 1X 144 kbps

Low Mobility

$0.01-$0.07/Mbytes

Software Defined Radio Opportunity

W-CDMA/HSPA

Early 4G Systems

R4 (2.3 Mbps), R5 (14.4 Mbps)

802.16a FBWA

CDMA2000 1x EV-DO (2.4 Mbps), EV-DV(3 Mbps) HPSDA 802.11b

Bluetooth

802.11b 2-11 Mbps

LTE

802.16m WiMAX 2

3.9G 4G

LTE Advanced

54 Mbps 802.11g 802.15a UWB PAN 802.11a

760 Kbps xDSL/Cable

Smart Antennas

56K Modems E1/T1 Lines

Fixed

0.01

0.1

1.0

1.5 – 20 Broadband Fixed Wireless Access T3 Lines Mbps

10

100 15

& Mobile

Timeline 4G

Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.0

Rel 1.5

Rel 2.0

802.16e-2005

802.16e Rev 2

802.16m

IP e2e Network

3GPP 3.5G

HSPA

HSPA+

Rel-6

Rel-7 & Rel-8

Circuit Switched Network

IMTAdvanced 3.9G

4G

4G

LTE & LTE Advanced Mobile WiMAX time to market advantage

2008 16

2009

IP e2e Network CDMA-Based

2010

2011

OFDMA-Based

2012 16

Evolution of TDMA, CDMA and OFDMA Systems

4G

4G

17

Service Evolution & User Expectations

18

Specifying LTE: LTE Development Lifecycle

19

Major requirements for LTE identified during study item phase in 3GPP • • •

Higher peak data rates: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) Improved spectrum efficiency: 2-4 times better compared to 3GPP release 6 Improved latency: – Radio access network latency (user plane UE – RNC - UE) below 10 ms – Significantly reduced control plane latency

• • • •

Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz Support of paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD mode) Support for interworking with legacy networks Cost-efficiency: – Reduced CApital and OPerational EXpenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) including backhaul – Cost-effective migration from legacy networks

•

A detailed summary of requirements has been captured in 3GPP TR 25.913 „Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)”.

20

Logical High Level Architecture for The Evolved System

21

3G and LTE Roadmap Excellent Mobile Broadband Today

Enhanced User Experience

Voice and Full Range of IP Services

Improved voice and data capacity

CDMA2000

1x Advanced

1X Rev. A

Rel. 0

EV-DO Rel-99

WCDMA

Rel-5

Rel-6

Phase I

Phase II

EV-DO Rev. B

DO Advanced

Rel-7

Rel-9 & Beyond

Rel-8

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

HSPA

Rel-8

LTE Leverages new, wider and TDD spectrum

2009

— 2010

Rel-9

LTE

Rel-10

LTE Advanced

2011+ 22 Created 01/30/09

3G and LTE Roadmap Excellent Mobile Broadband Today

Enhanced User Experience

Voice and Full Range of IP Services

Improved voice and data capacity

CDMA2000 Best in class voice capacity

1X

EV-DO

DL: 2.4 Mbps UL: 153 kbps

Rel-99

Rel-5

WCDMA DL: 384 kbps UL: 384 kbps

DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps UL: 384 kbps

4x increase compared to today’s voice capacity

Phase I

Rev. A

Rel. 0

1x Advanced

1.5x increase with available features4

Phase II

DO Advanced

EV-DO Rev. B DL: 3.1 Mbps UL: 1.8 Mbps

DL: 9.3 Mbps1 UL: 5.4 Mbps

Rel-7

Rel-6

Rel-9 & Beyond

Rel-8

HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)

HSPA DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps UL: 5.7 Mbps

DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps

DL: 42 Mbps5 UL: 11 Mbps

1Peak

rate for 3 EV-DO carriers supported by initial implementation. rate for 3 EV-DO carriers with 64QAM in the DL. Rev. B standard supports up to 15 aggregated Rev. A carriers. 3DO Advanced peak rate for 4 EV-DO carriers, assumes 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM in the DL and 16 QAM in the UL. 4Capacity increase possible with new codec (EVRC-B) and handset interference cancellation (QLIC). 54x increase with receive diversity; 3x without 5R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and 64QAM in 5MHz, or by utilizing 64QAM and multicarrier in 10 MHz. 6R9 and will utilize combinations of multicarrier and MIMO to reach 84 Mbps peak rates and beyond. Similarly, uplink multicarrier can double the uplink data rates. 7Peak rates for 10 and 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO; standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps. TDD rates are a function of up/downlink asymmetry. 8Peak rates can reach or exceed 300 Mbps by aggregating multiple 20 MHz carriers as considered for LTE Advanced (LTE Rel-10).

DL: 32 Mbps3 and beyond UL: 12.4 Mbps3 and beyond

DL: 14.7 Mbps2 UL: 5.4 Mbps

DL: 84 Mbps6 and beyond (10 MHz) UL: 23 Mbps6 and beyond (10 MHz)

Rel-8

2Peak

LTE Leverages new, wider and TDD spectrum

2009

— 2010

Rel-9

LTE

Rel-10

LTE Advanced

DL: 73 – 150 Mbps7 and beyond8 (10 MHz – 20 MHz) UL: 36 – 75 Mbps7 and beyond8 (10 MHz – 20 MHz)

2011+

23

Specifying LTE: 3 GPP Specifications Release

Functional Freeze

Main UMTS feature of release

Rel-99

Dec 1999

Rel-4

March 2000 March 2001

Rel-5

June 2002

Rel-6

March 2005

Rel - 7

Dec 2007

Rel 8

Dec 2008

CS and PS R99 Radio Bearers MMS Location Services Basic 3.84 Mcps W-CDMA (FDD & TDD) Enhancements 1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA) HSDPA IMS AMR-WB Speech HSUPA (E-DCH) / Enhanced Uplink MBMS WLAN-UMTS Internetworking HSPA+ (64 QAM downlink, MIMO, 16 QAM uplink) LTE and SAE Feasibility Study LTE work item – OFDMA / SC-FDMA air interface SAE work item – new IP core network Further HSPA improvements / HSPA Evolution

January 2008, Rel-8 approved/December 2008, Rel-8 frozen March 2009, ASN.1 code ready and backwards compatibility secured 24

LTE background story the early days

Work on LTE was initiated as a 3GPP release 7 study item “Evolved UTRA and UTRAN” in December 2004: “With enhancements such as HSDPA and Enhanced Uplink, the 3GPP radio-access technology will be highly competitive for several years. However, to ensure competitiveness in an even longer time frame, i.e. for the next 10 years and beyond, a long term evolution of the 3GPP radio-access technology needs to be considered.” 25

LTE background story the early days

• Basic drivers for LTE have been: – – – –

Reduced latency Higher user data rates Improved system capacity and coverage Cost-reduction.

– 3GPP Long Term Evolution - the next generation of wireless cellular technology beyond 3G – Initiative taken by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project in 2004 – Introduced in Release 8 of 3GPP – Mobile systems likely to be deployed by 2010 26

LTE Network Architecture UMTS 3G: UTRAN

EPC

GGSN

MME S-GW / P-GW

MME S-GW / P-GW

SGSN

RNC

RNC eNB

eNB eNB

NB

NB

NB

NB

UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UTRAN : Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network GGSN : Gateway GPRS Support Node GPRS: General Packet Radio Service SGSN : Serving GPRS Support Node RNC: Radio Network Controller NB: Node B

eNB E-UTRAN

EPC ; Evolved Packet Core MME : Mobility Management Entity S-GC : Serving Gateway P-GW : PDN Gateway PDN : Packet Data Network eNB : E-UTRAN Node B / Evolved Node B E-UTRAN ; Evolved-UTRAN

27

Simplified LTE network elements and interfaces 3GPP TS 36.300 Figure 4: Overall Architecture EPC

MME S-GW / P-GW

MME S-GW / P-GW

S1

eNB

eNB

X2 eNB

eNB E-UTRAN

EPC ; Evolved Packet Core MME : Mobility Management Entity S-GC : Serving Gateway P-GW : PDN Gateway PDN : Packet Data Network eNB : E-UTRAN Node B / Evolved Node B E-UTRAN ; Evolved-UTRAN

eNB = All radio interface-related functions MME = Manages mobility, UE identity, and security parameters. S-GW = Node that terminates the interface towards E-UTRAN. P-GW = Node that terminates the interface towards PDN

Simple Architecture Flat IP-Based Architecture Reduction in latency and cost Split between EPC and E-UTRAN Compatibility with 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies

28

Specifying LTE: LTE Development Lifecycle

29

LTE Overview • • • • • • • • • • •

3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with SC-FDMA Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz 200 users per cell in active state Supports MBMS multimedia services Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350 km/h No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH

30

Quiz 1 LTE is introduced on Release 7 or Release 8? 31

3GPP architecture evolution towards flat architecture Release 6

Release 7 Direct Tunnel

GGSN SGSN

Release 7 Direct Tunnel and RNC in NB

GGSN SGSN

RNC NB

Control Plane

GGSN SGSN

Release 8 SAE and LTE

SAE GW MME

RNC

RNC NB

NB

User Plane

eNB

32

Protocol eNB

E-UTRAN

Inter Cell RRM

MME

RB Cont.

NAS Security

EPC

Connection Mobility Cont.

Idle State Mobility Handling

Radio Admission Cont. EPS Bearer Cont.

eNB Measurement Configuration & Provision Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)

SAE GW

RRC

S-GW PDCP

RLC MAC

Mobile Anchoring

S1

UE IP Address Allocation Packet Filtering

PHY RRM : Radio Resource Management RB : Radio Bearer RRC: Radio Resource Control PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol RLC : Radio Link Control MAC : Medium Access Control PHY : Physical Layer

P-GW

NAS : Non Access Stratum EPS : Evolved Packet System UE : User Equipment IP : Internet Protocol

Interne t

33

LTE / SAE •

LTE has been designed to support only packet switched services, in contrast to the circuit-switched model of previous cellular systems.

•

LTE aims to provide seamless Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity between User Equipment (UE) and the Packet Data Network (PDN), without any disruption to the end users applications during mobility.

•

The term ‘LTE’ encompasses the evolution of the radio access through the Evolved-UTRAN(E-UTRAN), it is accompanied by an evolution of the nonradio aspects under the term ‘System Architecture Evolution’ (SAE) which includes the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. Together LTE and SAE comprise the Evolved Packet System (EPS). EPS = EPC + E-UTRAN

34

System Architecture Evolution • SAE is a study within 3GPP targeting at the evolution of the overall system architecture.

• Objective is “to develop a framework for an evolution or migration of the 3GPP system to : – a higher-data-rate, – lower-latency, – packet optimized system

that supports multiple radio access technologies. • The focus of this work is on the PS domain with the assumption that voice services are supported in this domain". This study includes the vision of an all-IP network. 35

Why LTE/SAE? • Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant • VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data  Need for PS optimised system • Amount of data is continuously growing  Need for higher data rates at lower cost • Users demand better quality to accept new services  High quality needs to be quaranteed

> Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) needed > LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.

36

LTE technical objectives and architecture • User throughput [/MHz]: – Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA – Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink

• Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth • Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum bandwidth • Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions (user plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)

37

• Mobility: Optimised for low speed but supporting 120 km/h – Most data users are less mobile!

• Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH • Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz: Deployment possible in GSM bands.

38

Protocol eNB

E-UTRAN

Inter Cell RRM

MME

RB Cont.

NAS Security

EPC

Connection Mobility Cont.

Idle State Mobility Handling

Radio Admission Cont. EPS Bearer Cont.

eNB Measurement Configuration & Provision Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)

SAE GW

RRC

S-GW PDCP

RLC MAC

Mobile Anchoring

S1

UE IP Address Allocation Packet Filtering

PHY RRM : Radio Resource Management RB : Radio Bearer RRC: Radio Resource Control PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol RLC : Radio Link Control MAC : Medium Access Control PHY : Physical Layer

P-GW

Internet NAS : Non Access Stratum EPS : Evolved Packet System UE : User Equipment IP : Internet Protocol 39

EPS Network Elements S6a

S1-MME

LTE-Uu

Gx MME

S1-U

S-GW

S5 / S8

eNB UE

E-UTRAN

Rx

P-GW

SGi

Operator’s IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS, etc,)

EPC

UE, E-UTRAN and EPC together represent the Internet Protocol (IP) Connectivity Layer. This part of the system is also called the Evolved Packet System (EPS). The main function of this layer is to provide IP based connectivity, and it is highly optimized for that purpose only. All services will be offered on top of IP, and circuit switched nodes and interfaces seen in earlier 3GPP architectures are not present in E-UTRAN and EPC at all. IP technologies are also dominant in the transport, where everything is designed to be operated on 40 top of IP transport.

System architecture for E-UTRAN only network

41

Services •

•

The IP Multimedia Sub-System (IMS) is a good example of service machinery that can be used in the Services Connectivity Layer to provide services on top of the IP connectivity provided by the lower layers. For example, to support the voice service, IMS can provide Voice over IP (VoIP) and interconnectivity to legacy circuit switched networks PSTN and ISDN through Media Gateways it controls. 42

Video Why IMS?

43

EPC • •

•

•

• •

One of the big architectural changes in the core network area is that the EPC does not contain a circuit switched domain, and no direct connectivity to traditional circuit switched networks such as ISDN or PSTN is needed in this layer.

Functionally the EPC is equivalent to the packet switched domain of the existing 3GPP networks. Significant changes in the arrangement of functions and most nodes and the architecture in this part should be considered to be completely new. SAE GW represents the combination of the two gateways, Serving Gateway (S-GW) and Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) defined for the UP handling in EPC. Implementing them together as the SAE GW represents one possible deployment scenario, but the standards define the interface between them, and all operations have also been specified for when they are separate. The Basic System Architecture Configuration and its functionality are documented in 3GPP TS 23.401. We will learn the operation when the S5/S8 interface uses the GTP protocol. However, when the S5/S8 interface uses PMIP, the functionality for these interfaces is slightly different, and the Gxc interface also is needed between the Policy and Charging Resource Function (PCRF) and S-GW.

44

E-UTRAN •

The development in E-UTRAN is concentrated on one node, the evolved Node B (eNodeB).

•

All radio functionality is collapsed there, i.e. the eNodeB is the termination point for all radio related protocols.

•

As a network, E-UTRAN is simply a mesh of eNodeBs connected to neighbouring eNodeBs with the X2 interface.

45

User Equipment • •

•

•

• Functionally the UE is a platform for communication applications, which signal with the network for setting up, maintaining and removing the communication links the end user needs. This includes mobility management functions such as handovers and reporting the terminals location, and in these the UE performs as instructed by the network.

•

UE is the device that the end user uses for communication. Typically it is a hand held device such as a smart phone or a data card such as those used currently in 2G and 3G, or it could be embedded, e.g. to a laptop. UE also contains the Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) that is a separate module from the rest of the UE, which is often called the Terminal Equipment (TE). USIM is an application placed into a removable smart card called the Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). USIM is used to identify and authenticate the user and to derive security keys for protecting the radio interface transmission. Maybe most importantly, the UE provides the user interface to the end user so that applications such as a VoIP client can be used to set up a voice call. 46

Logical High Level Architecture for The Evolved System GERAN

GB GPRS Core

UTRAN

Iu

SGSN

Rx+

S4 S6

S7

S3

Operator’s IP Services (e.g. IMS, PSS, etc,)

IASA eNB

eNB eNB eNB Evolved RAN (LTE)

S1

MME 3GPP SAE S2b UPE S5a anchor S5b anchor S2a EPC (SAE) EPDG Trusted non 3GPP IP Access

SGi WLAN 3GPP IP Access

WLAN Access Network

EPS uses the concept of EPS bearers to route IP traffic from a gateway in the PDN to the UE. A bearer is an IP packet flow with a defined Quality of Service (QoS) between the gateway and the UE. The E-UTRAN and EPC together set up and release bearers as required by 47 applications.

SAE Bearer Model

48

QoS parameters for QCI

49

System architecture for 3GPP access networks

50

Interfaces and Protocols in Basic System Architecture Configuration • CP protocols related to a UE’s connection to a PDN. The interfaces from a single MME are shown in two parts, the one on top showing protocols towards the E-UTRAN and UE, and the bottom one showing protocols towards the gateways. • Those protocols that are shown in white background are developed by 3GPP, while the protocols with light grey background are developed in IETF, and represent standard internet technologies that are used for transport in EPS. 3GPP has only defined the specific ways of how these protocols are used.

51

LTE Protocol Stacks (UE and eNB) RRC: Radio Resource Control

Control-Plane

User-Plane

PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol RLC : Radio Link Control

L3

RRC

MAC : Medium Access Control PHY : Physical Layer

Radio Bearers

L2

PDCP

RLC

Logical Channels MAC

Transport Channels

L1

PHY:

Physical Channels Physical Signals 52

Control plane protocol stack in EPS

The topmost layer in the CP is the Non-Access Stratum (NAS), which consists of two separate protocols that are carried on direct signaling transport between the UE and the MME. The content of the NAS layer protocols is not visible to the eNodeB, and the eNodeB is not involved in these transactions by any other means, besides transporting the messages, and providing some additional transport layer 53 indications along with the messages in some cases.

NAS layer protocols The NAS layer protocols are: • EPS Mobility Management (EMM): The EMM protocol is responsible for handling the UE mobility within the system. It includes functions for attaching to and detaching from the network, and performing location updating in between. This is called Tracking Area Updating (TAU), and it happens in idle mode. Note that the handovers in connected mode are handled by the lower layer protocols, but the EMM layer does include functions for re-activating the UE from idle mode. The UE initiated case is called Service Request, while Paging represents the network initiated case. Authentication and protecting the UE identity, i.e. allocating the temporary identity GUTI to the UE are also part of the EMM layer, as well as the control of NAS layer security functions, encryption and integrity protection. • EPS Session Management (ESM): This protocol may be used to handle the bearer management between the UE and MME, and it is used in addition for E-UTRAN bearer management procedures. Note that the intention is not to use the ESM procedures if the bearer contexts are already available in the network and EUTRAN procedures can be run immediately. This would be the case, for example, when the UE has already signaled with an operator affiliated. Application Function in the network, and the relevant information has been made available through the PCRF. 54

User plane protocol stack in EPS

The UP includes the layers below the end user IP, i.e. these protocols form the Layer 2 used for carrying the end user IP packets. The protocol structure is very similar to the CP. This highlights the fact that the whole system is designed for generic packet data transport, and both CP signaling and UP data are ultimately packet data. Only the volumes are different. 55

Summary of interfaces and protocols in Basic System Architecture configuration

56

Agenda INTRODUCTION • Is LTE a 4G technology? • Specifying LTE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW • OFDM • Advanced antenna systems • System Architecture Evolution • Rollout problems • Competing technologies to LTE • Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION • TDD & FDD • Capacity requirements • Candidate bands • The need for harmonized spectrum • New bands needed • Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE • LTE Pros and Cons • New Applications • LTE home femtocells • Lower Costs • Benefits of all-IP infrastructure • HSPA as an alternative to LTE

57

LTE Physical Layer • Enables exchange of data & control info between eNB and UE and also transport of data to and from higher layers • Functions performed include error detection, FEC, MIMO antenna processing, synchronization, etc. • It consists of Physical Signals and Physical Channels • Physical Signals are used for system synchronization, cell identification and channel estimation. • Physical Channels for transporting control, scheduling and user payload from the higher layers • OFDMA in the DL, SC-FDMA in the UL • LTE supports FDD and TDD modes of operation

58

Channel Mapping DTCH

PCCH

BCCH CCCH DCCH

MTCH

MCCH

PCH

BCH

DL-SCH

MCH

PDSCH

PBCH

PMCH

PDCCH

Downlink

Logical Channels

Transport Channels (MAC)

CCCH DCCH

RACH

DTCH

UL-SCH

Physical PRACH PUSCH PUCCH Channels (L1) Uplink 59

DL Signals

LTE Physical Signals

PSCH

Primary Synchronization Signals

Used for cell search and identification by the UE. Carries part of cell ID (one of three orthogonal sequences).

SSCH

Secondary Synchronization Signals

Used for cell search and identification by the UE. Carries the remainder of cell ID (one of 168 binary sequences).

RS

Reference Signal (Pilot)

Used for DL channels estimation. Extract sequence derived from cell ID (one of 3 X 168 504 pseudo random sequences)

UL Signals RS

Used for synchronization and UP channels Reference Signal estimations. (Demodulation and Sounding)

60

LTE Physical Channels DL Channels PBCH

Physical broadcast channel

PMCH Physical multicast channel

Carries cell-specific information Carries the MCH transport channel

PDCCH Physical downlink control channel Scheduling, ACK, NACK PDSCH Physical downlink shared channel Payload control format indicator Defines number of PDCH OFDMA symbols PCFICH Physical channel per sub-frame (1, 2, or 3)

hybrid ARQ indicator PHICH Physical channel

Carries HARQ ACK/NACK

UL Channels PRACH Physical random access channel

Call setup

PUCCH Physical uplink control channel

Scheduling, ACK, NACK

PUSCH Physical uplink shared channel

Payload 61

LTE Transport Channels Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium access control (MAC) and higher layers. DL Channels BCH DL-SCH

Broadcast Channel Downlink Shared Channel

PCH

Paging Channel

MCH

Multicast Channel

UL Channels UL-SCH RACH

Uplink Shared Channel Random Access Channel 62

LTE Logical Channels Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer. Control Channels: Control-plane information BCCH

Broadcast Control Channel

PCCH

Paging Control Channel

CCCH

Common Control Channel

MCCH

Multicast Control Channel

DCCH

Dedicated Control Channel

Traffic Channels: User-plane information DTTCH

Dedicated Traffic Channel

MTCH

Multicast Traffic Channel 63

Major requirements for LTE • • •

identified during study item phase in 3GPP Higher peak data rates: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) Improved spectrum efficiency: 2-4 times better compared to 3GPP release 6 Improved latency: – Radio access network latency (user plane UE – RNC - UE) below 10 ms – Significantly reduced control plane latency

• • • •

Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz Support of paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD mode) Support for interworking with legacy networks Cost-efficiency: – Reduced CApital and OPerational EXpenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) including backhaul – Cost-effective migration from legacy networks

•

A detailed summary of requirements has been captured in 3GPP TR 25.913 „Requirements for Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)”.

64

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) • 3GPP (LTE) is Adopting: – – – – – – –

OFDMA in DL with 64QAM All IP e2e Network Channel BWs up to 20 MHz Both TDD and FDD profiles Flexible Access Network Advanced Antenna Technologies UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional)

• LTE is adopting technology & features already available with Mobile WiMAX – Can expect similar long-term performance benefits and trade-offs

65

Comparing the End-to-End Network LTE/SAE User Plane & Data Flow Multiple layers, Many nodes and proprietary protocols

Application

e.g. IP, PPP

Relay

Relay PDCP

PDCP

GTP - U

RLC

RLC

UDP/IP

MAC

MAC

L2

L1

L1

L1

UE/MS

LTE-Uu

e.g. IP, PPP

E-UTRAN

GTP - U

GTP - U

GTP - U

UDP/IP

UDP/IP

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

UDP/IP

S1-U

Serving GW

S5

PDN GW

SGi

Mobile WiMAX User Plane & Data Flow Based on simple IETF protocols, Fewer nodes & fewer device requirements, Optimized for high speed data

Source: LTE/SAE: 3GPP, Mobile WiMAX: WiMAX Forum Network Specification Release 1.0

66

LTE: Not a Simple 3G Upgrade

• LTE Represents a Major Upgrade from CDMABased HSPA (or EV-DO) – No longer a “simple” SW upgrade: • CDMA to OFDMA, represent different technologies • Circuit switched to IP e2e network

– Also requires new spectrum to take full advantage of wider channel BWs and … – Requires dual-mode user devices for seamless internetwork connectivity 67

Modulation •

QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM used for the payload channels

(spectrally efficient) •

BPSK and QPSK used for the control

channels (Reliability and coverage)

•

Adaptive modulation and coding

68

Requirements to be met by LTE Fast, Efficient, Cheap, Simple

• Peak Data Rates

• Spectrum efficiency • Reduced Latency • Mobility

• Spectrum flexibility • Coverage • Low complexity and cost • Interoperability • Simple packet-oriented E-UTRAN architecture 69

Key LTE radio access features

•

LTE radio access: Multicarrier Technology – –

•

Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

OFDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions: Multiple Antenna Technology – – –

Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Three fundamental benefits of multiple antennas: (a) diversity gain; (b) array gain; (c) spatial multiplexing gain.

TX

TX

70

Key LTE radio access features

•

Spectrum flexibility – – –

•

1.4 MHz

20 MHz

Packet-Switched Radio Interface

1G

•

Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

Analog

2G

Digital

3G

Packets

4G

True Broadband

User Equipment Capabilities

71

Key Radio Technologies to Watch Spectrum flexibility

– – –

 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) – range 1 meter  MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)  Advanced Radio Chipsets for handsets and    



dongles that incorporate MIMO Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) Smart networks (sector load balancing, spatial/freq/time load balancing, selftuning, dynamic resource management) Network MIMO & Heterogeneous Deployment (Pico+Micro+Femto) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) < [xDSL, WiMAX, WiFi 802.11a,g; LTE] Spectrum Flexibility – Reconfigurable Radios (SDRs), Base stations, and CPE – Cognitive radios

–

Flexibility in band-of-operation Flexibility in bandwidth Dynamic Spectrum Usage and Reconfigurable radios and cognitive radios? Flexibility in duplexing



TDD versus FDD Source: IDC, Ericsson

Band X

Band Y

Band Z

20 MHz

+ FDD

TDD fDL/UL

fDL fUL Paired spectrum

Unpaired spectrum

―An SDR is a radio that includes a transmitter in which the operating parameters of frequency range, modulation type or maximum output power (either radiated or conducted) can be altered by making a change in software without making any changes to hardware components that affect the radio frequency emissions‖ FCC Definition

72

Technology Mobile Broadband speed evolution Future LTE releases

LTE

True Mobile Broadband

HSPA+ Market impact Peak rate Typical user rate downlink Typical user rate uplink

2009

2010

~2014

42 Mbps

~150 Mbps

~1000 Mbps

1-10 Mbps

10-100 Mbps

Operator dependent

0.5-4.5 Mbps

5-50 Mbps

Operator dependent

Excellent user and network experience 73

Video Why LTE?

74

Agenda INTRODUCTION • Is LTE a 4G technology? • Specifying LTE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW • OFDM • Advanced antenna systems • System Architecture Evolution • Rollout problems • Competing technologies to LTE • Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION • TDD & FDD • Capacity requirements • Candidate bands • The need for harmonized spectrum • New bands needed • Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE • LTE Pros and Cons • New Applications • LTE home femtocells • Lower Costs • Benefits of all-IP infrastructure • HSPA as an alternative to LTE

75

Evolution of UMTS FDD and TDD driven by data rate and latency requirements

76

FDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

77

FDD Frequency band

78

TDD Bands for 3GPP Technologies

79

LTE radio interface •

New radio interface modulation: SC-FDMA UL and OFDMA DL – Frequency division, TTI 1 ms – Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz – TDD and FDD modes • UL/DL in either in same or in another frequncy

– OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries that can be shared between users • quickly adjustable bandwith per user

– SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices • Single carrier, time space multiplexing • Tx consumes less power

From Ericsson, H. Djuphammar

80

LTE/SAE Keywords •

aGW Access Gateway

•

eNB

Evolved NodeB

•

EPC

Evolved Packet Core

•

E-UTRAN

Evolved UTRAN

•

IASA Inter-Access System Anchor

•

LTE

•

MMEMobility Management Entity

•

OFDMA

Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

•

SC-FDMA

Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

•

SAE

System Architecture Evolution

•

UPE

User Plane Entity

Long Term Evolution of UTRAN

81

3GPP TR 23.401 / 25.813 Network Entities: MME ID eNB ID TAI

Network: PLMN EPS ID

LTE/SAE Network Identifiers

• • • • • •

•

EUTRAN:

UE:

E-UTRAN C-RNTI RA-RNTI

IMEI IMSI S-TMSI

• • • • •

PLMN –Public Land Mobile Network EPS –Evolved Packet System MME –Mobility Management Entity eNB–E-UTRAN Node B TAI -Tracking Area ID E-UTRAN –Evolved Universal Radio Access Network C-RNTI –Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier RA-RNTI –Random Access RNTI UE –User Equipment IMEI –International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI –International Mobile Subscriber Identity S-TMSI –SAE Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity 82

System architecture evolution

83

RAN interfaces • • • • • • •

X2 interface between eNBs for handovers Handover in 10 ms No soft handovers Interfaces using IP over E1/T1/ATM/Ethernet /… Load sharing in S1 S1 divided to S1-U (to UPE) and S1-C (to CPE) Single node failure has limited effects

S1 eNB

aGW X2 S8 eNB aGW

X2

eNB

84

SAE architecture [3GPP TS 23.401] GERAN

Iu

UTRAN

PCRF

HSS

Gb

GPRS Core

S6

Rx+

S7 X1

S3

eNB

X1

X2

S1

MME UPE

S4

S11

SAE GW

S5

PDN SAE GW

SGi

Operator IP services (including IMS, PSS, ...)

aGW Evolved Packet Core

S2

eNB Non-3GPP IP Access Evolved RAN 85

SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401] TBD HSS

PCRF

S1

S7

S6a

eNB

S11

TBD

aGW

S5

PDN SAE GW

SAE GW

X2 IASA

S8

SGi eNB

S11 aGW

TBD

Operator IP service, including IMS

eNB

Evolved RAN

aGW = MME/UPE 86

Quiz 2 What is the LTE interface to communicate with your GSM / 3G Network ? 87

Functions eNB Inter Cell RRM

RB Cont.

aGW

Connection Mobility Cont.

Control Plane

Radio Admission Cont.

SAE Bearer Control

eNB Measurement Configuration & Provision

MME Entity

Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler)

RRC

User Plane

PDCP

RLC MAC

S1

PDCP User Plane

PHY RRM : Radio Resource Management RB : Radio Bearer RRC: Radio Resource Control PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol RLC : Radio Link Control MAC : Medium Access Control PHY : Physical Layer

88

LTE Control Plane UE

eNB

aGW

NAS

NAS

RRC

RRC

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

S1

LTE User Plane UE

eNB

aGW

IP

IP

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

S1

89

GTP-U tunneling Header compression & encryption

UE

X1

eNB

UPE

S1

S11

SAE GW S5

PDN

SGi

Server

SAE GW Application

Application

TCP/UDPu

IPv6/v4

PDCP RLC

TCP/UDP ENC PDCP GTP-U RLC MAC UDP

MAC

Radio L1

Radio L1

IPv6/v4 GTP-U GTP-U

GTP-U GTP-U

GTP-U

UDP

UDP

UDP

UDP

UDP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

90

Non-3GPP access tunneling Server

PDN

AP

UE

S2

WLAN

SAE GW HA

SGi Application

TCP/UDP

IPv4/6

IPv4/6

MIP UDP

MIP UDP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

IP

IP

IP

IP

L2

L2

L2

L2

L1

L1

L1

L1

IPv6/v4

91

FDD (left) and TDD (right) frequency bands defined in the 3GPP (May 2009)

92

Downlink Transmission Scheme • The downlink transmission scheme for E-UTRA FDD and TDD modes is based on conventional OFDM. In an OFDM system, the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers, called sub-carriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of these sub-carriers is independently modulated by a low rate data stream. • OFDM is used as well in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB. OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture.

93

Quiz 3 Which one is true LTE is able to manage WiMAX or WiMAX is able to manage LTE ?

How? 94

OFDM • Single Carrier Transmission (e.g. WCDMA)

• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

95

OFDM signal generation chain • OFDM signal generation is based on Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) operation on transmitter side:

On receiver side, an FFT operation will be used. 96

Difference between OFDM and OFDMA •

OFDM allocates users in time domain only

•

OFDMA allocates users in time and frequency domain

97

OFDMA time-frequency multiplexing

98

LTE – spectrum flexibility •

• •

LTE physical layer supports any bandwidth from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz in steps of 180 kHz (resource block) Current LTE specification supports a subset of 6 different system bandwidths All UEs must support the maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz

99

DL Physical Channel Processing

100

LTE frame structure type 1 (FDD), downlink

101

LTE frame structure type 2 (TDD)

102

Quiz 4 What is the most suitable LTE for you FDD (Type 1) or TDD (Type 2) ? 103

UL Physical Channel Processing

104

Peak Rates for Downlink and Uplink over Time

105

LTE Actual Throughput Rates Based on Conditions

106

Video LTE: The Promise

107

• LTE doesn’t fulfill the requirements of IMT-Advanced • 3GPP has also started work on LTEAdvanced, an evolution of LTE, as a proposal to ITU-R for the development of IMT Advanced. • LTE Advanced is envisioned to be the “first true 4G technology”. The requirement is defined so that a Release 8 based LTE device can operate in the LTE-Advanced system and, respectively, the Release 10 LTE Advanced device can access the Release 8 LTE networks. Obviously a Release 9 terminal would also be similarly accommodated. This could be covered, for example, with the multicarrier type of alternative. The mobility between LTE-Advanced needs to work with LTE as well 108 as GSM/EDGE, HSPA and cdma2000®.

Requirements of • • • •

•

Peak data rates – 1Gbps in DL and 500 Mbps in UL Cell edge user data rates twice as high and average user throughput thrice as high as in LTE Peak spectrum efficiency DL: 30 bps/Hz, UL: 15 bps/Hz Operate in flexible spectrum allocations up to 100 MHz and support spectrum aggregation (as BW in DL >>20 MHz) An LTE-Advanced capable network must appear as a LTE network for the LTE UEs

Resource sharing between LTE and LTE-Advanced

109

Technological proposals for • Larger BW can be used for high date rates and more coverage at cell edges • Advanced repeater structures • Relaying for adaptive coding based on link quality

Carrier aggregation and Spectrum aggregation

Support asymmetric bandwidths for LTE advanced 110

Specification • The ITU-R process aims for early 2011 completion of the ITU-R specifications, which requires 3GPP to submit the first full set of specifications around the end of 2010. • This is one of the factors shaping the Release 10 finalization schedule, though officially the Release 10 schedule has not yet been defined in 3GPP, but will be discussed further once Release 9 work has progressed further.

111

Conclusion • 3GPP Long Term Evolution has a large amount of potential to become the technology of the future whose success will definitely guarantee that 3GPP has a significant edge over all its competitors. • With LTE–Advanced also adopting SC-FDMA as the uplink technology, SC-FDMA seems to be an important future technology and it is expected that the future would see a lot of research activity in this field.

• LTE and LTE Advanced together seem to be very promising in fulfilling all the requirements set forth by ITU for IMT Advanced 112

Agenda INTRODUCTION • Is LTE a 4G technology? • Specifying LTE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW • OFDM • Advanced antenna systems • System Architecture Evolution • Rollout problems • Competing technologies to LTE • Standardization of LTE

BANDWIDTH UTILISATION • TDD & FDD • Capacity requirements • Candidate bands • The need for harmonized spectrum • New bands needed • Spectrum neutrality

THE BUSINESS CASE • LTE Pros and Cons • New Applications • LTE home femtocells • Lower Costs • Benefits of all-IP infrastructure • HSPA as an alternative to LTE

113

Source: ITU

0

114

Zimbabwe

Tunisia

South Africa

Rwanda

Morocco

Egypt

Algeria

Vietnam

Thailand

Philippines

Malaysia

Indonesia

India

China

Venezuela

Peru

Mexico

Dom Republic

Brazil

Germany

Luxembourg

France

United Kingdom

Sweden

Hong Kong

Norway

Korea

Switzerland

Finland

Netherlands

Iceland

Denmark

Broadband Subscribers per 100 Inhabitants

LTE and WiMAX: BB Penetration

40

High GDP per Capita Markets

35

30

25

Lower GDP per Capita Markets

20

15

10

5

LTE and WiMAX: Positioning LTE To address capacity pressure in 3G networks Full mobility is the value proposition Geared toward developed markets Relevance to emerging markets not until 2015

To address underserved broadband connectivity demand Portability is the value proposition Geared toward emerging markets Relevant to emerging markets today

APEJ Subscribers

India: WiMAX Subscriber Growth 3,500

250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Subscribers in 000s

300,000

Subscribers in 000s

• • • •

WiMAX

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0

3G

HSPA

Source: IDC’s Asia/Pacific Mobile Wireless Tracker, 3Q08

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Source: IDC Asia/Pacific, 2009 115

LTE; When & How?

116

Reduced Total Cost of Ownership

All-IP architecture

“Wider pipe” advantage Self Organizing Networks 117

Total Cost of Ownership

118

LTE Deployment Scenario

119

LTE Spectrum Options

120

FemtoCell technology is part of the solution.

121

LTE FEMTO

122

Mobile Generations

Subscription forecast 10,000

GSM WCDMA

1,000

LTE Millions

100

Analog

10 1

3.9G

0.1

1G

2G

0.01

3G

0.001 81

83

85

87

89

91

93

95

97

99

01

03

05

07

09

11

13

123

Relative Adoption of Technologies

3.9G

3G

2G

Rysavy Research projection based on historical data.

124

Expected shorter time to market

125

LSTI - Taking LTE/SAE from Specification to Rollout A viable Ecosystem is the key to success

126

Global LTE Commitments 25+ Operators in over 16 countries Western Europe

North America Aircell - USA AT&T Mobility – USA Bell Canada - Canada CenturyTel – USA Cox - USA MetroPCS - USA Rogers Wireless Canada Telus - Canada Verizon - USA .... Asia-Pacific

Source. GSA March 2009

China Mobile - China China Telecom - Chna KDDI - Japan KTF - South Korea New Zealand Telecom - NZ NTT DoCoMo - Japan Piltel - Philippines SK Telecom - South Korea SmarTone-Vodafone - Hong Kong Telstra – Australia ....

Hutchison 3 - Ireland Orange - France Telecom Italia - Italy Telia Sonera - Sweden Telia Sonera - Norway T-Mobile – Germany ...

127

Global LTE Commitments Trials • Verizon Wireless —2009

• TeliaSonera (Sweden, Norway) — 2010

• Telstra - 2009

• Hutchison 3 (Ireland) — 2011

• MetroPCS — 2010

• T-Mobile — 2011

• CenturyTel — 2010

• Orange — 2011

• Aircell — 2011

• China Mobile — 2011

• Cox — 2011

• China Telecom — 2011–2012

• AT&T Mobility — 2011

• Telecom New Zealand — 2011–2012

• NTT DoCoMo — 2010

• SK Telecom (operates both CDMA EV-DO and WCDMA/HSPA networks) — TBD

• KDDI — 2010 • Rogers Wireless — 2010 • TELUS — 2010 • Bell Canada — 2010 • Telecom New Zealand (operates both CDMA EV-DO and WCDMA/HSPA networks) — 2010

• KT Freetel (operates both CDMA EV-DO and WCDMA/HSPA networks) — TBD • Piltel — TBD

• SmarTone-Vodafone — TBD

128

NGMN is built with strong industry consensus A viable Ecosystem is the key to success

129

NGMN put into our context

130

Major NGMN Success Factors

131

Efficient backhauling – a strategic investment

132

LTE Deployment Options

133

The reuse of existing 2G and 3G sites for NGMN will keep site cost flat

134

2G and 3G Coexistence

135

Different Deployment Scenarios for LTE

136

Healthy Ecosystem is Critical Business Models

Solutions that suits different needs

(mobile, fixed, broadcast, MVNO, etc.), including support for legacy

solutions, reliable authentication

Industry Commitments

Maturity and openness, global

acceptance for best economics of scale, effective

and data security, flexible and

standardization, clear evolution

reliable charging mechanisms,

path, and wide interoperability

enable control point to the

testing

investing party,

137

Trends INDUSTRY TRENDS • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

HSPA data dominance HSPA dominant mobile broadband technology GSM voice LTE data expansion New frequency bands Laptops, high end phones GSM voice LTE volume creation Global coverage bands Laptops, high/mid end phones LTE VoIP emerging 2G/3G replacement Refarming 2G/3G bands for LTE All categories, all price points

DEVICE TRENDS

Many vendors to offer commercial LTE chipsets First deployments on FDD bands LTE FDD+TDD expected to become the industry norm – USB modems and CPE open the market – Smart media handsets, PDAs and internet tablets to follow – Applicable also in voice centric low cost devices – Consumer Electronics and machine-to-machine to expand market

138

Growing Consumer Trends Worldwide

Media Downloads

Video Streaming

Facebook

5 billion

54 million

Songs downloaded

unique monthly visitors in January 2009

Google Search

You Tube

31 billion

100 million

daily

videos viewed / day

Skype

MySpace

~65 billion

200 million

“minutes” in 2008

users

VoIP

Instant Messenger

Online Gaming

Apple iTunes

Email

Social Networking

Search

Anytime, anywhere and on any device

139

What’s Happening in Mobile Internet World -- Device Providers --

140

Radio capabilities in Nokia devices are evolving… …and creating the next mainstream

142

Three user scenarios Mobile Work

Home 143

Growth of New Broadband Services and the Importance of Embedded Devices

Subscribers in 000s

60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0

2007

2008 WiMAX

2009 IPTV

2010

2011

2012

HSPA

Source: IDC’s Fixed Line Tracker 1H08, Mobile Wireless Tracker, and Carrier Capex Tracker

144

User Equipment Capabilities

1G

•

Analog

2G

Digital

3G

Packets

4G

True Broadband

Support Spectrum flexibility – –

Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands

1.4 MHz

20 MHz 145

Thank You Floatway Learning Center Contact : Lingga Wardhana Phone : 08562893622 Email : [email protected] Floatway Systems Cipinang Elok 2 Blok BJ No 2C Jakarta Timur Phone : (+62 21) 85911547 Fax : (+62 21) 85911547 www.floatway.com

146