Wilson, HH - Hindu Mythology and Tradition Vol 3

JAN SO1955

V.

Sect

0LI135 .P6A3

ae4 V.

3

WORKS BY

THE LATE

HORACE

II

AY MAN WILSON,

M.A., F.R.S., MKMBEU OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, OF THK ASIATIC SOCIETIES OF CALCUTTA AND PARIS, AND OF THE ORIENTAL SOCIETY OF GERMANY; FORErON MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FRANCE;

MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL ACADEMIES OF

ST.

PETERSBURGH AND VIENNA,

AND OF THE ROYAL ACADEMIES OF MUNICH AND BERLIN; PH.D. BRESLAU;

MARBURG, ETC.;

M. D.

AND BODEN PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT

VOL.

IN

THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

VIII.

LONDON: TRUBNER &

CO., GO,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

1866.

/

T

v..

/

(

THE

VISHNU PURANA: A

SYSTEM OF

HINDU MYTHOLOGY AND TRADITION TRANSLATED

FROM THE ORIGINAL SANSKRIT, AND

ILLUSTRATED RY NOTES DERIVED CHIEFLY FROM OTHER PURANAS, BY THE LATE

H. H.

WILSON,

BODEN PliOKESSOR OF SANSKRIT

M.A., F.R.S., THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD,

IN

ETC., ETC.

EDITED BY

FITZEDWARD HALL. VOL.

Ill

LONDON: TRtfBNER &

CO., 60,

PATERNOSTER ROW.

1866.

VISHNU PURANA. BOOK

III.

CHAPTER

I.

Account of the several Manus and Manwantaras. Swarochisha, the second

Manu

:

the Indra,

the divinities,

of his period, and his sons.

the seven Rishis,

Similar details of Auttami, Taniasa,

Raivata, Chakshusha, and Vaivaswata. as the preserver, in each Manw^antara.

MaITREYA.— The disposition

The forms of Vishnu, The meaning of Vishnu,

of the earth and of the

ocean, and the system of the sun and the planets, the creation of the gods

and the

rest,

the origin of the

Rishis, the generation of the four castes, the production

of brute creatures, and the narratives of

Dhruva and

my

Prahlada, have been fully related by thee, able preceptor.

the series of

of those

all

who

I

am now

vener-

desirous to hear from you

the Manwantaras, as well as an account

preside over the respective periods, with

Sakra, the king of the gods, at their head.

Parasara.

—

I will

order, the different past,

repeat to you, Maitreya, in their

Manwantaras,

— those

which are

and those which are to come.

The

first

Manu was Swayambhuva; then came Swa-

rochisha; then, Auttami;* then, Tamasa; then, Raivata;

Some III.

lut

of

my MSS.

have Uttama.

See note 2

at p. 5, infra. 1

VISHNU PURANA.

2

then, Chakshuslia: these six Maniis

The Manu who which

the present (period),

is

have passed away.

presides over the seventh Manwantara, is

Vaivaswata, the son

of the Sun.

The period

of

Swayambhuva Manu,

in the

begin-

ning of the Kalpa, f has ah'eady been described by me, together with the gods, Rishis, (and other personages)

who

then flourished.^

now, therefore, enumerate

I will t

the presiding gods, Rishis, and sons of the Manu, in the

Manwantara

of Swarochisha.^

The

deities of this

period (or the second Manwantara) were the classes

The gods were

'

said to be the

Yamas

(Vol.

p. 109)

I.,

;

the

f

Rishis were Marichi, Angiras, &c. (Vol.

I.,

p. 100,

sons were Priyavrata and Uttanapada (Vol.

the

The

adds, to the

Vtiyii

former,

observes,

it

Yamas,

sacrificial

the Ajitas, offerings.

note 2); and

I.,

pp. 107, 108).

who share with the The Matsya, Padma,

Brahma Puranas, and Hari Variisat substitute, for the Agnidhra and the rest grandsons, of Swayambhuva,

—

pp

sons, the

(Vol.

II.,

101, 102).

This Manu, according

"^

kai'ideya Purai'ia, §

was

to the

legend of his birth in the Mar-

the son of Swarochis, so

named from

who was the The text, Gandharva Kali.

splendour of his appearance, when born, and the

nymph

Varuthini, by the

other place,

||

makes him a son of Priyavrata.

the

son of in an-

IT

* Compare the Laws of the Mdnavas, L, 61, 62. t The present Kalpa, the Varaha, from vardlia, 'boar'.

See Vol.

I.,

pp. 58, 59.

415.

1^1.

:

§ Chapter LXIII. I

II

^f I.,

find Kala.

See

19,

p. 11,

note

+,

infra.

According

Swarochisha was son of Agni.

to the

Bhdgavata-purdna,

VIII.,

BOOK

CHAP.

Iir.,

3

I.

called Paravatas and Tushitas;^"^' and the king of the gods was the mighty Vipaschit.f The seven Rishis^

The Vayu

'

gives the

names of

classes, consisting, each, of twelve.

two nomen-

the individuals of these

It furnishes,

also, the

clature of all the classes of divinities, and of the sons of the

Manwautara.

nus, in each

Ma-

According to the same authority, the

Tushitas were the sons of Kratu

:

I

the

Bhagavata

calls

them the

sons of Tushita by Vedasiras. § The divinities of each period are, according to the Vayu, those to whom offerings of the Soma juice ^

sons,

and the like are presented

collectively.

The Vayu describes the Rishis of each Manwantara or, in some cases, the descendants, in a direct line,

as the

of the

seven sages, Atri, Angiras, Bhrigu, Kasyapa, Pulaha, Pulastya,

and Vasishtha: with some inconsistency; for Kasyapa, did not appear, himself, until the seventh Manwantara.

present series,

Kasyapa Dattoli

;

is

In the

the son of Vasishtha; Starabha springs

from Prana, from Bhrigu ; Rishabha descends from Angiras the son of Pulastya; Nischara springs from Atri; and

Arvarivat

[

is

the son of Pulaha.

is

Vamsa f have

We

Urja

at least,

a rather different

Vol.

read,

"These, who,

in

II.,

the

The Brahma Puraiia and Hari

list,

or,

Aurva, Stambha, Kasyapa,

after an enumeration of twelve names: p. 27, Chakshusha Manwantara, were the gods called

Tushitas, were called the

twelve Adityas, in the Manwantara of Vai-

But our text, Manwantara, not in the

now

vaswata."

as

sixth:

appears, places the Tushitas in the second see p. 12, infra.

Nor, according to the

Vdyu-purdna, were they Vishnu, Sakra, &c. t The Bhdgavata-purdna, VIII., I., 20, gives Rochana as the Indra of the second Manwantara or Patriarchate. +

Tushita,

our text,

p.

according to the same authority, was their mother, as in 17, infra.

Bhdgavata appears to imply: VIII., I., 21. seems to have followed, here, his own MSS. of the Vdyu-purdna, exclusively; and they must differ greatly from those to which I, after him, have access. Instead of Urja occurs, in these MSS., what looks like a corruption of Turya or Urva for Prana, Drona § So, rather, the II

Professor Wilson

;

for Dattoli, Dattatri;

f

for Nischara, Nischala

;

and, for Arvarivat, Dhavat.

^l. 417.

I*

VISHNU PURANA.

4

were Urja, Stanibha,* Prana, Dattoli,f Rishablia,

Nis-

Prana, Brihaspati, Chyavana, and Dattoli:t but the origin of part of this difference

Vayu

the

is

first,

Aurva and Stambha, being spe-

of Vasishtha and the descendant of Kasyapa,

as the son

cified

nothing more than an imperfect quotation from

Puraiia; the two

and then the parentage of the

rest being omitted: to complete the

Kasyapa becomes one of them. Some other errors of this nature occur in these two works, and from the same a blundering citation § of the Vayu, which is named as cause,

seven, therefore,

—

their authority:

A

They are The Brahma Purana

curious peculiarity, also, occurs in these mistakes. eight Manwantaras.

confined to the

first

omits

of the last six; and the Hari Vaiiisa inserts them

all details

and correctly, agreeably to the authority of the Vayu. looks, therefore, as if the compiler of the Hari Vaiiisa had

fully

lowed the Brahma, as

far as

recourse to the original

it

Vayu

It

fol-

went, right or wrong, but had had Puniria,

when

the

Brahma

failed

sometimes written Dattoni andDattotri; and the

him.

Dattoli

latter

appears to have been the case with the copy of the Hari

Van'isa

is

employed by M. Langlois, who

jj

makes one of

the Rishis

He is not without counPadma Purjina changes the

of this Manwantara, "le penitent Atri,"

tenance in some such reading; for the

name

to

Dattatreya,

treya, however,

is

no doubt suggested by Datta-atri.

the son of Atri; whilst the

son of the text the son of Pulastya.

*

Stamba

is

an equally

common

Vayu

Datta-

calls the per-

There can be no doubt,

reading in

my MSS.

f So read three of my MSS. Variants are Dattoni, Dattori, Dattobli, See, further, Vol. I., p. 154, Dattokti, Dantoli, Dantobhi, and Dambholi. note I

l-

In

MSS.

of the

Brahma-purdna

I

find

Stamba and Dattoni.

The

Calcutta edition of the Harivaihsa has Stamba, Kasyapa, and Dattoni. § In II

SI.

Vol.

418. I.,

p. 38.

BOOK

CHAP.

III.,

5

I.

chara,* and Arvarivat;f and Chaitra, Kiiiipunisha,

and others were the Mann's sons.* In the third period, or

Manwantara of Auttami,^ Su-

therefore, of the correct reading; for the son of Pulastya

(Vol.

toli. :

I.,

is

Dat-

p. 154.)

The Vayu agrees with the text in these names, adding seven § The Bhagavata has a different series. The Padma has

'

others.

|i

other names: Nabha, Nabhasya, Prasriti, Bhavana.,

four

Brahma has names of the four

and several of the

the Rishis of the tenth Manwantara.

The Matsya has Manu, and gives

names of

the

names of

Padma

for the sons of the

to the third

Miirti,

Apas, Jyotis, Aya, Smrita

the Brahma), as the seven Prajapatis of this period,

and sons of Vasishtha.

The sons

of Vasishtha, however, belong

Manwantara, and bear

There

different appellations.

no doubt, some blundering, here,

is,

The

these,

seven others, Havindhra, Sukrita, (the

two of

ten names, including

in all the

books except the

Vayu and those which agree with it. The name occurs Auttami, Auttama, and Uttama. The Bhagavata If and Vayu agree with our text (p. 11, infra), in making him a descendant from Priyavrata. The Markaiideya calls him the son of Uttama,** the son of

Uttanapada;ff and

this

appears

be the correct genealogy, both from our text and the Bhagavata. ++

to

*

One MS.

gives Nischira.

t The much more frequent lection known to me is Urvarivat. + There is, I incline to think, room for very grave doubt as these §

I

See note f in p. 4, supra. do not count so many; and those that

to

both

points.

I

find

are very corruptly

written. II

At

I 20, it says there were seven, but names only Urja and Burnouf melts these two names into one. It calls him Priyavrata's son: VIII., I., 23. LXXII., 39. Auttama is the grandson's name, in the Mdrkandeya-

VIII.,

,

Stambha.

% **

purdna.

tt LXXIX.,

3.

Suruchi

is

there said to be Uttama's mother.

same parentage, see Vol. I., p. 159, of the present work. Sec note If, in ++ Not from the Bhagavata, certainly. to our text, see note + at p. 11, infra.

For the

this page.

As

VISHNU Pl'RANA.

was the Indra, the king of the gods; the orders were the Sadhamaiis,f Satyas, Sivas, Pradar-

santi*

of

whom

sanas,+

and Vasavartins;^§ each of the twelve

sisting of

five orders con-

The seven sons

(divinities).

sishtha were the seven Rishis;^ and Aja,

of VaParasu,t

|1

The Brahma and Hari Variisa** have, in place of these, Vayu and Markandeyaff concur with

'

the the

Bhanus; but the

to furnish a different series, also; or

according to the French translation: tara parurent,

comme

d'Ourdja.

The

The meaning

text

||||

Saptarchis, les

appeles Vdsichthas^ les

tara)

'Dans

fils

le

even a

troisieme

third,

Manwan-

de Vasichtha, de son

nom

fils

d'Hirariyagarbha, et les illustres enfans

is

"There were

is:

of which

:

seven celebrated sons of Vasishtha,

*

Brahma and Hari

All the authorities agree in this; but the

^

Vanisa§§ appear

were sons of Brahma

(i. e.,

Satyajit, according to the

(in the first

who

Manwantara)

(in the third

Manwan-

Rishis), the illustrious posterity

Bhdgavata-purdna, VIII.,

I.,

24.

t Five MSS. have Swadhamans. * Pratardanas represents the reading of two MSS. § Three MSS.

exhibit

Vaiiisavartins.

Professor Wilson put "Vasa-

vertis". II

MSS.

In three

HA

single

Prajas occurs.

MS. reads Parabhu.

** SI. 825.

tt In

my

three

MSS.

stead of Pradarsanas.

has Swadhamans, for

I

find Pratardanas, as in the Calcutta edition,

The Calcutta Sudhamans.

edition, at variance with

II The BJidgavaia-purdria, VIII., I., and Bhadras. Also see note * at p.

§§ nil

^^

24,

I.,

p. 38.

The Calcutta

edition reads

^^J.

in--

copies,

names the Satyas, Vedasrutas,

17, infra.

^l. 422.

Vol.

my

BOOK

III.,

CHAP.

r.

Divya, and others were the sons of the Manu.^

The

Sariipas,* Haris, Satyas,

classes of

gods

,

and Sudhis^f were the

each comprising twenty-seven, in the

period of Tamasa, (the fourth Mann).''

We

of Urja.

p. 155),

have already seen that Urja was the wife of Va-

by

whom

in

the

sishtha,

again, as the

was the

Sibi+

she had seven sons, Rajas," &c. (see Vol.

I.,

Swayambhuva Manwantara; and these were born Rishis of the third period. The names of these per-

sons, according to the

Matsya and Padma,

are,

however, very

ferent from those of the sons of Vasishtha given in Vol. or, Kaukuiidihi, Kuruiidi,

dif-

p. 155,

I.,

Dalbhya, Sankha, Pravahita, Mita, and

Sammita. §

The Vayu adds ten other names to those of the text. The Brahma gives ten altogether different. The Bhagavata and Padma '

|1

have, each, a separate nomenclature.

Of

^

these the

tyas; the

Brahma and Hari VamsalT

notice only the Sa-

Matsya and Padma have only Sadhyas.

The Vayu,

Bhagavata,** Kiirma, and Markarideyaff agree with the

He

^

is

the son of Priyavrata,

Vayu, &c. The Markandeya§§ has a legend of

*

One MS. has

*

Sikhi

is,

in

text.

according to the text. his birth

It

the

by a doe;

f Swadhis is the reading of one MS. MSS., almost as common a lection. And herewith

Swariipas.

my

agrees the MdrkaMeya-purdna,

LXXIV.,

the Bhagavata-purdiia, YIII.,

28.

1.,

58.

Trisikha

is

the

name

in

The § I have put Dalbhya for "Dalaya", on manuscript authority. Bhdgavata-purdna VIII., I., 24, names only Pramada, out of the seven; and he is not of the family as detailed in IV., I., 41, 42. See Vol. I., ,

155, note 3.

p. II

t *•

VIII.,

I.,

23: Pavana, Srinjaya, Yajnahotra, and others

unnamed.

SI. 427. I

find

— VIII.,

I.,

tt LXXIV., 57. ++ See p. 11, note §§ Chapter

LXXIV.

28, 29

+,

— the

Satyakas, Haris, Viras, and Vaidhi'itis.

infra; also, p. 17, text and notes +

and

§.

VISHNU PURANA.

8

Indra, also designated by his performance of a hundred sacrifices, (or

named

The seven

Satakratii^').

Rishis

were Jyotirdhaman, Prithu, Kavya, Chaitra, Agni, Vanaka,f and Pivara/ The sons of Tamasa were the

mighty kings Nara, Khyati, Santahaya,+ Janujangha,

and others.^ and, from his being begotten in dark tempestuous weather (f!??^), his name. § Severally, according to the Vayu, the progeny of Bhfigu,

he derives '

Kasyapa, Angiras, Pulastya, is

Atri, Vasishtha,

and Pulaha. There Thus, the Matsya

considerable variety in some of the names.

has Kavi, Prithu, Agni, Akapi, Kapi, Jalpa,

H

The Hari

Dhimat.

Varhsat has Kavya, Prithu, Agni, Jahnu, Dhatri,** Kapivat, Akapivat. For the two last the Vayu reads Gatra and Vanapitha. The son of Pulaha is in his place (Vol. I., p. 155, note 1),— Arvarivat or Vanakapivat. Gatra is amongst the sons of Vasishtha (Vol. I., p. 155). The Vayu is, therefore, probably, most correct,

although our text, in regard to these "two denominations,

admits of no doubt rff ^^srf^^^^^^T Tfl"^T^ tt 2 The Vayu, &c. agree with the text; the Vayu naming eleven. I

The Brahma, Matsya, and Padma have

a series of ten names,

Sutapas, Tapomula, &c., of which seven are the Rishis of the twelfth Manwantara. §§ This parenthesis was supplied by the Translator. MdrkaMeyat Five of my MSS. read Varada. Two of my MSS. of the purdna have Vaiiaka; the third, Varuiia. The Calcutta edition, LXXIV., *

59, gives Valaka. +

In one MS.

is

Santihaya; and, in one, Santihavya.

§ The Bhdyavata-purdiia, VIII.,

I.,

27,

represents

him

as

brother

of

Uttama. II

*

Corrected from the printer's "Salpa".

The Calcutta

edition has

t

SI. 426.

Janyu and Dhaman.

ft See, however, note f in this page. I., 28, names Jyotirdhaman only. \X The Bhdgavata-purd/ia, VIII., Agreeably to the Bhdgavata-purdna, VIII., I., 27, they were ten in §§

number, of

whom

it

specities

Prithu, Khyati, Nara, and Ketu.

BOOK In the

fifth niterval,

III.,

CHAP.

the Manii

y

r.

was Raivata;^ the

In-

dra was Vihhu; the classes of gods, consistmg of fourteen each, were the Aniitabhas, Abhutarajasas, * Vaikunthas, and Siunedhasas;^f the seven Rishis were Raivata, as well as his three predecessors,

'

as a descendant of Priyavrata.

ally,

long legend of his birth, as the son of

Revati, sprung from the constellation Revati,

Muni, caused

to

fall

is

regarded, usu-

The Markarideya§ has a King Durgama by the nymph t

whom

Ritavach, a

Her radiance became

from heaven.

a lake

on Mount Kumuda, thence called Raivataka; and from it appeared the damsel, who was brought up by Pramucha Muni. Upon the marriage of Revati, the Muni, at her request, restored the aster-

ism to

its

place in the skies.

The Brahma

^

inserts, of these,

Two MSS. have

only the Abhutarajasas, with

Abhiitaramas; two, Abhiitarayas; both which words

look very like depravations of the reading in

The ordinary reading

Abhiitarajas.

wit,

term

of

all

the

my line

other copies, to-

containing this

is:

That the first two names must be taken as welded into embodying Abhiitarajas is attempted to be shown in note

;|

a

compound

in the next

f p. 17, infra. And hence the "Abhutarajasas" Abhutarajases- of Professor Wilson may be open to correction, Moreover, on the assumption that his MSS. as regards its first syllable. were like mine, he has substituted the longer ending of the word for See, further, note

page.

-i.

,

e.,

II., p. 101, note *; and p. 107, notetscholar will have noticed, that, other considerations permitting, the line just quoted might yield Bhutarajas. The reading, unquestionably, of the Bhdgavata-purdna VIII., V., 3, omits the vowel

the shorter.

See Vol.

The Sanskrit

,

at the beginning. it,

It is

as to its y, such

rdna,

LXXV.,

71,

as

Bhiitarayas; and

we have

has,

which, as could be shown,

in

my

may

it

involves a corruption,

in Abhiitarayas.

I

take

The Mdrkmdeya-pu-

three MSS., Abhiitanayas or Bhiitanayas,

easily have

grown out

of Abhiitarajas.

The

Calcutta edition exhibits Bhiipatis! in reading Susamedhases. t In the singular, Sumedhas. Three MSS agree Ehdyavata-purdna, VIII., V., 2, calls him uterine brother of \ The

Tamasa. §

And

Chapter

see p. 11, note

LXXV.

X,

infra.

VISHNU PURANA.

10

f

Hiranyaroman, Vedasri,* Urdbwabahu, Vedababu,f Sudbamaii,+ Parjanya, and Mabamuni/§ Tbe sons of were of

the remark, that 'they

i.

like nature (with their name):'||

they were exempt from the quality of passion. M. Langlois,!

e.,

passage of the Hari Vamsa,** has con-

in rendering the parallel

founded the epithet and the subject: 'dont

depourvus de colere

Pracritis,

loss

what

to

dieux furent les

les

He

de passion.'

et

also, at

is,

do with the terms Pariplava and Raibhya,

a

in the

following passage, XlTtTg"^"^' T'^'^jtt asking: 'Qu'est-ce que PaIf he had had the commentary

riplava? qu'est-ce que Rebhya?'

would have been unnecessary: they are

at hand, these questions

there said to be

There

'

*

two

is less

classes of divinities

variety in these

Devasri, according to a single

:

XITf^^^

names than

T^^

usual. §§

^^cTT-

Vedabahu

MS.

t In three MSS., Devabahu. \ Two MSS. have Swadhaman. §

The Bhugavata-purdita,

VIII.,

V.,

3,

says

that

they

were,

with

Hiranyaroman, Vedasiras, and (jrdhwabahu. The Sanskrit allows us to take the word as Abhiitarajases; meaning, perhaps, 'endowed with activity - ra^as - as far as that possessed by the others, II

Bhiitas.'

See Vol.

I.,

p.

83; and Vol.

The Vdyu-purdtia speaks For, jnst below this,

On now comparing it will

of the

my •[[

p. 74,

note

2.

has the line:

it

note

* in

the last page with note

^

at p.

17, [infra,

be seen, that the gods under discussion were characterized by their

possession, not want, of activity. all

II.,

Amritabhas and Abhiitarajas:

Professor Wilson's MSS.,

own, ^^Jcft

Vol

** SI.

I

,

p.

TT^^'j

In the latter passage here referred

including those now

^^ e^^e ^^jJcfT

at Oxford,

to,

have, like

^'T^t-

39.

432:

tt ^l. 432. t+ Of the gods of the

fifth

Manwantara the Bhdgavata-purdna, VIII., * and Vaikin'it'has only. See note

v., 3, 4, particularizes the Bhiitarayas in the preceding page.

§§ See the MdrkanHeya-purdna,

LXXV.,

73, 74.

BOOK

CHAP.

III.,

11

I.

RaivatawereBalabanflhiu Susaiiibhavya,* Satyaka, and other valiant kings, f These four Maniis, Swarochisha, Auttami,+ Taniasa,

and Raivata, were,

all,

descended from Priyavrata, who, Vishnu by his devo-

consequence of propitiating

in

obtained these rulers of the Manwantaras for

tions, §

his posterity.

Chakshusha was the Manu of the sixth period,^

is

in

read Devabahu; Sudhaman, Satyanetra; and Mahamuni, Muni, According to the Vayu, those

Yajus, Vasishtha, and Yadudhra. of the text are, respectively,

Vasishtha, Pulastya,

Chakshusha, according

from Dhruva (see Vol. gend of

and Kasyapa.

names of the Manu's

siderable variety in the '

of the lineage of Angiras, Bhrigu,

Atri, Pulaha,

the best authorities,

to

is

con-

descended

Markandeya has a leson of a Kshattriya named Anamitra; of

1.,

his birth as the

There

sons.

p. 177):

but the

at his birth, for the son of Visranta Raja,

his being exchanged,

and being brought up, by the prince, as his OAvn; of his revealing the business, when a man, and propitiating Brahma by his devotions, in consequence of which, he

former

birth,

became a Manu.

In his

he was born from the eye of Brahma, whence his

name, from Chakshus,

'the eye.'

||

* Saiiibhavya is the reading offiveMSS.; Swasaiiibhavya, that of one. t Only Arjuua and Balivindhya are named in the Bhdgavata-purdna,

VIll., v., 2. X

itself,

pada. p.

0,

The Vishnu-pur aria is at odds is here a variant. here derives Auttami from Priyavrata,-not from UttauaSee Vol. I. p. 159: also, p. 5, note U; p. 7, note 3; p. 8, note §;

Uttama, as before,

with

note

if it

X,

supra.

"Descended from Priyavrata" his posterity",

'^ITW^lT^T'l^

•

translates ^^^^

fTT^WfTT^^*;

°^^y render:

"one

^n^l

"^o^^

in lineage with

Priyavrata"; but hardly, considering the context, "as his kindred", instead of "for his posterity". §

Tapas, 'austerity'.

Uttanapada and Priyavrata were brothers. Compare ihQ Bhdgavata-furdna,^\\l.,^;'^j|

VISHNU PURANA.

12

which the Indra was Manojava:* the five classes of godsf were the Adyas, t Prastutas, § Bhavyas, Prithiigas,|| and the inagnanunous Lekhas, eight of each: ^H Suinedhas, Virajas, Havishmat, Uttama, Madhu,^"^' AbhinainaD,ft and Sahishhn were the seven sages. ^ The kings of the earth, the sons of Chakshusha, were the

'

authorities agree as to the number, but differ as to the

The

names; reading,

Adyas, Aryas and Apyas;tt for Prastutas,

for

Prabhutas and Prasiitas; for Pfithugas, Prithukas and Prithusas; and, which is a more wide deviation, Ribhus for Bhavyas. M. Langlois§§ omits the latter,

meaning

Prasi'itas,

'divinities,' is

and inserts Divauliasas; but the

only an epithet.

The Hari

Variisa

||

||

has:

^T^:

TTfftT

^H^: ^^TTg

f^^^Ni^:

I

^^

The comment adds f^^'t^W jf^ ^"W^t f^^^WI The Viiyu reads Sudluiman, *** for the lirst name; Unnata, for Uttama; and Abhimana, for Abhinaman.fff The latter occurs :

I

'^

*

Mantradruma: Bhdgavata-purdria, *

t See note I

One MS. has Aryas.

§ This reading rest,

^

VIII., V., 8.

at p. 3, supra.

is

in

none of

my MSS.

Prasiitas.

See

p.

3,

it

note

*,

Two have

Prasritas;

all

the

Three MSS. have Prithagas.

supra.

**

Maru is in one MS. tt Every one of my MSS. has Atinaman. n The B/tdgavata-purdna names the Apyas

only, of all the gods of this

Patriarchate. §§ Vol. II

II

%^ ***

I.,

p. 39.

SI. 437.

The Calcutta

And

edition has

so does the

•^T"RIT^ "'T^'fTT:, and

Harivamsa,

si.

^^^t.

435.

ttt The iVdrkaiHleya-purdna, LXXVI., 54, has, in one of my three MSS., Unnata, as against Uttama in the other two; and so has the Calcutta edition, with which they all concur in reading Atinaman.

BOOK

III.,

CHAP.

I.

1

3

powerful Uru,* Purii,f Satadyumna, and others. +

The Marin

of the present period

is

the wise lord of

obseqnies,§ the illustrions offspring of the Sun. deities are the Adityas,

sovereign

is

!|

The

Vasus, and RudrasrII their

Purandara. Vasishtha, Kasyapa, Atri, Ja-

madagni, Gautama, Viswamitra, and Bharadwaja are the seven Rishis; and the nine pious sons of Vaivas-

wata Manu are the kings** Ikshwaku, Nabhaga,ff Dhrishta,n Saryati, §§ Narishyanta, Nahhanidishta,|||| also

*

Abhinamin(Matsya) and Atinaman (Hari Van'isalflf). The

Here

t Para

— as is

in Vol.

I.,

p.

177

Those named

§

II

in the

twoMSS.; and

See Vol.

I.,

Bhdgavata-purdna,

p.

p.

as

many have

Piiru,

177, note f. are Paru,

VIII., V., 7,

Sraddhadeva; often taken as a proper name.

Pu-

Vaivaswata

is

intended.

supra.

2,

See Vol.

^ Add **

have corrected the Translator's "Uru".

Sudyumna.

rusha, and

See

1

the worthless reading of

the ancient form of the name. t

—

latter

II.,

27, for their

p.

And

'etc'

names.

see p. 15, note

+.

infra.

See Book IV., Chapters I.-V., wjiere

I

return to these kings,

ft Three MSS. have Nabhaga. As will be seen further on, this king should seem to bear another name, that of Ni'iga, which word several of

my

++ is

copies give here, as the reading.

In two MSS., Dhrishfu; in one, Vishnu; the former of which lections

of no account

§§ Here

I

correct

the "Sanyati" of the original edition.

Half

my MSS.

have Saryati, nil

Not one of

now

my MSS.

has this reading.

Six — like two of Professor

Oxford— give Nabhaga and Disht'a; Arishfa; one, Nabhaga and Disht'a; one, Nabhaga and and Disht'a, &c. Moreover, it is shown, in the next one of the commentators understands two kings to And there is strong ground for believing that herein

Wilson's,

at

two,

Nabhaga and Nabha

Disht'a; one,

page, that at least

be here spoken

he

is

of.

right.

name — to which there is nothing, in any MSS. he used, nearer than •TT^ %f^H.> occurring in one of them must have been suggested by the Nabhanedisht'ha of the Rigveda and other ancient writings, to whom he refers in a note to Book IV., Professor Wilson's choice of

of the

Chapter

I.

^^

SI. 436.

VISHNU I'URANA.

14

Karusha, Prishadhra, and the celebrated Vasumat.^* The unequalled energy of Vishnu, combining with reads, f no doubt incorrectly, Bhrigu,

Uttama, Madhu, and Havishmat.

of Chakshuslia are enumerated in Vol.

The sons There

'

*

no great variety of nomenclature

is

The Vayu

tara.

The

On

text

this it is

That

is

p. 177.

I.,

in this

to the deities, the Sadhyas,

adds,

for

Manwan-

Viswas, Ma-

as follows:

remarked, in one of the commentaries, the other being silent:

to say,

is

Nabha, and Vivaswat,

t

the

"Vasumat"

of the text

an epithet of Prishadhra,

is

denoting 'fortitudinous'. thus evident

It is

how

the commentator here

makes out the exact

tale

of nine kings.

Discordantly, the Bhagavata-purdita, Vlll., XIII.,

shadhra, and Vasumat,

made,

in the sequel,

2,

3,

has Ikshwaku,

Narishyanta, Nabhaga, Disht'a, Kanisha, Pri-

Dhi'isht'a, Saryati,

Nahhaga,

— ten,

to IX.,

as I.,

it

distinctly

states.

Reference will be

See, for nine sons of Vaivaswata,

12.

MdrkaMeya-purdna, LXXIX., 11, 12. At present, it need only be added, that the Vdyu-purdna, professing to name but nine sons of the reigning Mann, makes Prailisu the last, and says nothing of Vasumat as one of his brothers. Later Puranas than the Vdyu have manipulated its statements with a very free hand. the

For instance, the

first line

is

Book

and hence the

in

my

creation, there, of

Vasumat.

annotations, that which

designated as the smaller becomes,

III.,

speaks of the sixth

thus expressed:

Of the two commentaries adduced hitherto

it

Rishis, served, pretty certainly, as the type

of the quotation given above;

This stanza

which

of the stanza in

and seventh of Vaivaswata's

considerably the ampler.

From

shall, till further notice, distinguish it as

I

have

here at the beginning of

this point,

not to mislead,

I

B; the other being called A.

t SI. 435. I

Havishmat and Viraka, and these only, are spoken of

gavata-purdna, VIII., V.,

8.

in the

Bhd-

BOOK

III.,

CHAP.

r.

15

^

the quality of goodness, and effecting the preservation of created things, presides over

all

the Manwantaras,

form of a divinity.^' Of a portion of that divinity Yajna was born, in the Swayambhuva Manwantara, in the

The Bhaga-

and gods sprung from Bhrigu and Angiras.f

ruts,

vata+ adds the Ribhns;§ and most include the two Aswins, as a class.

Of

the Maruts, however,

the Hari

Vamsa

remarks, that

they are born in every Manwantara, seven times seven (or fortynine); that,

in

each Manwantara, four times seven (or twenty-

up by

eight) obtain emancipation, but their places are filled

sons reborn in that character.

pei'-

So the commentator explains the

passages

and

?t;^^^ ^f7TsfiT% ^^TT-

^H^^^T

^H^ TWT

U^^tl^TlTtil^rTt ^^T: TTfTTTr?^^^

:

I

^

^^t^

%^t fr^ ^WTT- ^F^T ^^TNl[frT TT^:

mentary. mentary.

It

may be

suspected,

I

I

however, that these passages

have been derived from the simple statement of the Matsya, in

all

the Manwantaras, classes

ComCom-

of Rishis appear

that,

by seven and

seven, and, having established a code of law and morality, depart to felicity

The Vayu has a

rather different

list

of the seven Rishis:** or,

Vasumat, the son ofVasishtha; Vatsara, descended from Kasyapa;

TT;^^^^^^ ^W^Tf^^fTT

II

f With this enumeration corresponds that in the Mdrk.-pur., LXXIX., 1. 4, it adds, to the Adityas, Vasus, and Rudras, the I At VIII., XIII Viswe devas, Maruts, Aswins, and Ribhus. ,

§

Vol. II

**

For these gods, see Professor Wilson's Translation of the Kigveda, I.,

p. 46,

note

SI. 444.

a.

t

SI. 445.

In this order: Viswamitra, Jamadagni,

Vasumat, Vatsara.

Bharadwaja, Saradwat. Atri,

VISHNU PURANA.

16

When

the will-begotten progeny of Aki'iti.^*

the Swa-

Viswamitra, the son of Gadhi, and of the Kusika race; Janiailagni,

son of Kuru,f of the race of Bhrigu; Bharadwaja, son of

Brihaspati; Saradwat, son of Gotama,

of the family of Utathya;§

+

and Brahniakosa or Atri, descended from Brahma. autliorities agree

H

Tiie nominal

'

All the other

||

with our text. father being the patriarch Ruchi. (See Vol.

I.,

p. 108.)

^*^

*

On

TffT

^-RT^^^nT^

^sr^:

two conimentaiies remark:

this the

^T^m

^^•fl^l

^% i^

fRI

^TcTfr

rT"^ f^Ulft

^^^'^ ^f^^

I

iH'T

f«^

f

^% ^^M^:

tj^^-

^?TJ

I

I

According to this, "From a portion of him Yajna was born, in the Swayambhuva Manwantara, ofAkiiti; or, in this first Manwantara, yajna Hence the term 7oas born fruni Ruchi, a god will-begotten of Brahma."

mdnaaa must be taken

Brahma

in

the

to

allude to Ruchi,

husband, born from

Akiiti's

Mdnasa

epoch of the Swayambhuva Patriarchate.

first

cannot be applied to the child of a virgin.

Males,

females, had

not

will-begotten offspring.

t

I

find i'ru; also,

Kusa.

See Book IV., Chapter VII.

"Gautama". Saradwat's patronymic. See Book +

§

Corrected from

is

Chapter XIX.

IV.,

"Utatthya".

from

Corrected

importing 'son of Gotama',

This,

Vol.

In

I.,

note 2,

153,

p.

have

I

amended "Uttathya". In Professor Wilson's Translation of the Rigveda, Vol. pears "Uchatthya"-rec