White Collar Crimes

 

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Be Bssdlegiet fe \OD]I AFJJBP APDGIQ BEM ^PDEAD^JI FC SDABPDFYQ JDB@DJD]T BEM Q]PDA] JDB@JD]T

Qu`gdttim @y,

Qu`gdttim ]f,

SBDQOBJD LY^]B, @BJJ@ _ Qigistir,

QFYGD AOB]IPKII, Bssdstbet ^rfcissfr,

Pfjj Ef ‑ @BJJO29>2>20

Efdmb Detirebtdfebj Yedvirsdty

 

]B@JI FC AFE]IE]Q Jbws Pilujbtdel \odti Afjjbr Ardgis De Demdb .........................................................................0 Lieisds Fc \odti Afjjbr Ardgis..............................................................................................0 Demdbe Qaiebrdf..........................................................................................................................9 \odti Afjjbr Ardgis Bem Qfadf-Iafefgda Fccieais .............................................................? Gies Pib.....................................................................................................................................4 Qtrdat Jdb`djdty..........................................................................................................................22 Sdabrdfus Jdb`djdty....................................................................................................................2= Afrpfrbti Sdabrdfus Jdb`djdty.................................................................................................2=

 

JB\Q PILYJB]DEL \OD]I AFJJBP APDGIQ DE DEMDB LIEIQDQ FC \OD]I AFJJBP APDGIQ

]oi Qfadf-Iafefgda Fccieais obvi `iie deaiptim sdeai tdgis dggigfrdbj, `ut rigbdeim mfrgbet uetdj toi `ildeedel fc \frjm \br DD, Ofwivir, baafrmdel tf ^rfc. Bj`irt Gfrrds toi cdrst  pbpir ietdtjim "Ardgdebj Abpdtbjdsts" fe toi su`kiat wbs prisietim `y Imwde A.Odjj `icfri toi Detirebtdfebj Afelriss fe toi ^rivietdfe bem Piprissdfe fc Ardgi bt Jfemfe de 2? pfpujbr typis fc \odti Afjjbr Ardgis bs; 2. @beh CrbumCrbum- ]f ielbli ielbli de be bat fr fr pbttire pbttire fc batdvdty batdvdty woiri woiri toi toi purpfsi purpfsi ds tf micrbum micrbum b  `beh fc cuems. 0. @jbahgbdj@jbahgbdj- B migbem migbem cfr gfeiy gfeiy uemir toribt toribt tf tf mf `fmdjy obrg, obrg, tf dekuri dekuri prfpirt prfpirty y fr tf ixpfsi siarits. 1. @r @rd` d`ir iryy- \oie \oie gfei gfeiy, y, lf lffms fms,, si sirv rvda dais is fr be bey y de decf cfrg rgbt btdf dfe e ds fc fcci ciri rim m wd wdto to de deti tiet et tf decjuieai toi batdfes, fpdedfes bem miadsdfes fc toi tbhir, afestdtutis `rd`iry. =. Aijjuj Aijjujbr br ^ofei ^ofei Crbum- Yebutof Yebutofrdz rdzim im usi fr tbgpir tbgpirdel del fr gbedpu gbedpujbt jbtdel del aijjujb aijjujbrr pofei pofei sirvdais. 9. Ig`izzj Ig`izzjigi igietet- \oie \oie b pirsfe pirsfe,, wof obs `iie ietrust ietrustim im wdto toi gfeiy gfeiy fr prfpirt prfpirty, y, bpprfprdbtis dt cfr ods fr oir fwe purpfsi. 3. Afuetircid Afuetircidtdeltdel- Afpdis Afpdis fr dgdtbt dgdtbtis is be dtig wdtofut wdtofut obvdel obvdel `iie butofrd butofrdzim zim tf mf sf. . ^rfcissdfebj ^rfcissdfebj ardgi ardgi - Ardgis afggdttim afggdttim `y gimdabj prbatdtdfeirs, prbatdtdfeirs, jbwyirs jbwyirs de afursi afursi fc  toidr Faaupbtdfe. ]oisi ardgis bri afggdttim `y pifpji fc odlo stbtus de sfadity suao bs mfatfrs, bmvfabtis, aobrtirim aobrt irim baafuetbets, baafuetbets, lfviregiet lfviregiet fccdadbjs fccdadbjs bem eft `y obrmafri obrmafri ardgdebjs ardgdebjs cfr i.l. ]odivis, ]odivis, rf``irs, mbafdts, gurmirs, rbpdsts, ita gibes fc ardgis mdccir crfg toi trbmdtdfebj ardgis bs crbum, gdsriprisietbtdfe, bmujtirbtdfe, gbjprbatdais, drrilujbrdtdis ita. ]oisi ardgis bri afggdttim `y gibes fc mijd`irbti bem pjbeeim afespdrbadis wdtofut bey ciijdels bem sietdgiets. \oie sfadfiafefgda iafefg da ardgis ardgis bri afggdttim afggdttim pifpji tiem tf tfjirbti tfjirbti toig `iabusi `iabusi toiy toigsijvis toigsijvis demujli de toig bem toiy toigsijvis fctie dmietdcdim wdto tofsi wof mf sf. 2. Frdlde Frdldebjj bjjy y wod wodtiti-afj afjjbr jbr ardgis ardgis

gibet gibet tf tf misard misard`i `i

gdmmji gdmmji bem bem uppir uppir ajbs ajbss, s, `usd `usdeis eisss

 pirsfes wof afggdttim ardgis de efrgbj afursi fc toidr wfrh. @ut efw `dt ricirs tf b wdmi vbrdity faaupbtdfebjjy frdietim vdfjbtdfes afggdttim af ggdttim `y pirsfes de bey ajbss. 0. ]oi vdatdgs vdatdgs fc sfadf iafefgd iafefgdaa fccieai fccieaiss bri efrgbj efrgbjjy jy toi ietdri ietdri afggue afgguedty dty,, sfadit sfadity y fr  ivie toi ietdri ebtdfe `isdmis toi demdvdmubjs. 1. ]oisi ]oisi ardgis ardgis mf eft devfjv devfjvii fr abrry abrry wdto toig toig bey stdlgb stdlgb wodji wodji toi trbmdtdf trbmdtdfebj ebj ardgis ardgis abrry b stdlgb wdto toig devfjvdel mdslrbai bem dggfrbjdty. =. ]oisi ]oisi ardgis ardgis afestdtu afestdtuti ti b sipbrb sipbrbti ti abtilfr abtilfry y `iabus `iabusii toi afetrfj afetrfj fc suao ardgi ardgi ‟devfjvis toi prftiatdfe bem prisirvbtdfe fc toi lieirbj oibjto bem iafefgda systig fc toi ietdri sfadity blbdest toi ixpjfdtbtdfe bem wbsti.— DEMDBE QAIEBPDF

@y turedel toi pblis fc Odstfry, dt ds jibret tobt Demdb wbs toi jbem fc `ijdivirs, woiri trust, ofeisty, truto bem `ieivfjieai wiri privbdjdel de toi prfaissis fc jdci, bem miadsdfe gbhdel  pfjday. @ut bctir toi @rdtdso igirlim vdatfrdfus de toi wbr fc suaaissdfe tf toi Gulobj ruji, bmvirsi aobelis `ilbe tf bppibr de toi sfadbj bem iafefgda struaturi fc tods afuetry. = De 20, p. 022  d`dm 

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 ^.Q. Btaoutoie ^djjbd, ardgdebj jbw, pp. 1>-12 (E.G. ]rdpbtod ^rdvbti Jdgdtim, @fg`by, 2449).  Mfebjm J Eiwgbe, Gbrsobjj @. Ajdebrm, Ldj`irt Lids, \doijgBu`irt \doijgBu`irt,, Pdaobrm Ruieeiy, ^buj \. ]bppbe bri, `ut toi ciw. 20  ^.Q. Btaoutoie^djjbd, ardgdebj jbw, pp. 1>-12 (E.G. ]rdpbtod ^rdvbti Jdgdtim, @fg`by, 2449). Aobptir ‑ 0 ?1 21  \odao gby `i trbesjbtim bs "be bat mfis eft gbhi b gbe ludjty fc b ardgi uejiss ods gdem ds bjsf ludjty" (3to @jfah's Jbw Mdatdfebry). Mdatdfebry). 22

 

 prdeadpjis miipjy detilrbtim de toi afeaipt fc gies rib. Cfr vdvdm ixpfsdtdfe, toiy bri misard`im `rdicjy bs cfjjfws2=; 2. ‚]oi gbjdai prdeadpji;  toi issieai fc gbjdadfus gbjdadfus afemuat ds afemuat wrfelcujjy mdriatim bt b pbrtdaujbr detirist (pirsfebj, sby, fr prfprditbry)", woitoir fr eft tobt fei cfrisbw tobt obrg tf detirist succirim `y toi vdatdg wfujm risujt. 0. ]oi prfpfrtdfebjdty prfpfrtdfebjdty prdeadpji;  \oiri XfeiW bats gbjdadfusj gbjdadfusjy y tfwbrms tfwbrms XbeftoirW bem abusis wfrsi obrg tobe betdadpbtim, toi lribtir toi dekury detietdfebjjy mfei tf Xtoi vdatdgW, vdatdgW, toi lribtir lribtir toi ardgi ardgi cfr wodao Xtoi fcciemirW, fcciemirW, gby `i ardgdebjj ardgdebjjy y jdb`jii rispiatdel jdb`j rispiatdel toi obrg mfei gust eft `i mdsprfpfrtdf mdsprfpfrtdfebti ebti tf toi obrg detiemim, detiemim, dc  ardgdebj jdb`djdty cfr toi obrg mfei ds tf `i kustdcdim. 1. ]oi jb`ijjdel jb`ijjdel prdeadpji; prdeadpji;  woie b pbrtdaujbr pbrtdaujbr hdem fc ardgdebj ardgdebj wrfel abe bjsf `i ricjiatim de gfrbjjy sdledcdabet jb`ij, suao bs" gurmir", dt gby `i rdlot tf riafledzi adraugstbeais de wodao toi wrfel obs `iie afggdttim, `ut toi jb`ij ds eft misirvim. Afevirsijy, toiri gby `i adraugstbeais de wodao fei wdsois tf usi b gfri stdlgbtda jb`ij cfr b gfri sirdfus gbedcistbtdfe fc be dmietdabj wrfel. =. ]oi demdriat gbjdai prdeadpji ; woiri Xbe fcciemirW wrfelcujjy bdgs ods afemuat bt fei hdem fc detirist, bem., bem ., devbmis beftoir hdem fc detirist, ods afemuat de devbmdel tobt ftoir detirist ds eft tf `i rilbrmim bs gbjdadfus uejiss oi cfrisbw toi devbsdfe bs pfssd`ji futafgi fc ods afemuat.‗ Bs toi sbydel obs dt "]oi stfei `ijfels tf toi mivdj woie dt jibvis toi obem tobt toriw dt", cfr  be batdfe gby obvi gujtdpji afesiquieais bem toisi afesiquieais `ijfel tf toi frdldebj frdld ebj batdfe batdfe bs be detilrbj detilrbj pbrt fc dt. Bs rilbrms toi stbti fc .gdem, .gdem, gbjdai gbjdai  prdeadpji ds eft kust b prdeadpji fc aujpb`djdty tobt afgpitis wdto toi afrrispfemieai  prdeadpji de toi gdems fc ardgdefjfldst woie todehdel b`fut ardgdebj aujpb`djdt aujpb`djdty, y, bs demiim, dt ds bem trui.   \odji mibjdel wdto gies rib, dt wfujm `i afeviediet tf lrfup toi vbrdfus ardgis detf cfur ajbssis8 Ardgis de wodao, b. ]oi gies rib ds cfuem fe be detietdfe tf afggdt be djjilbj bat (lieirbj detietdfe). 2=

 Kirigy Ofrmir, "]wf Odstfrdis bem Cfur Odmmie ^rdeadpjis fc Gies Pib", Jbw Rubrtirjy Pivdiw, pp. 49-224  (Sfj. 221, Kbeubry, 244