What is Revit Structure_final-2014

Contents Definition of BIM

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A brief history of BIM

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Building Information Modeling Benefits

12

Benefits of Using Revit to Improve Building Performance

16

What Is Revit Structure?

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File Types

19

Types of Elements

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The Revit Structure Interface

21

Creating and Using Levels

32

Creating Grid

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Creating Columns

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Creating Beam

50

Creating Beams systems

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Creating Structure wall

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Creating Floors

70

Creating Foundations

76

Adding Dimensions

80

Adding Tags

89

Views

93

Overview of Visibility and Graphic Display

97

Example

101

Summary

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Preface The future of the design and construction industry is going to be driven by the use of technology and for Today's challenges for the industry “Complex projects, tighter budgets and deadlines, Internal and external collaboration, Information overload and Project risks “. The best example emerging today is the use of three-dimensional, intelligent design information, commonly referred to as Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM is expected to drive the construction industry towards a “Model Based” process and gradually move the industry away from a “2D Based” process, This “Model Based” process where buildings will be built virtually before they get built out in the field is also referred to as Virtual Design and Construction (VDC). This guide is for contractors who recognize this future is coming and are looking for a way to start preparing themselves so that when the future arrives, they will be ready. This guide is intended to help contractors understand how to get started.

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 Over eight years of experience , two years With Dar Al Handsa and Four years with ECG in structural engineering & analysis; preparation of concrete dimensions, sketches and reports with supporting calculations; supplying drafting staff with information to assist in the production of detailed drawings; design of reinforced concrete structures for building projects including foundations, columns, beams, slabs, cores and shear walls; development of initial designs, using mathematics to calculate the stress that could arise at each point in the structure, and simulating and modeling possible situations, such as high winds and earth movements; execution of work in compliance with project requirements and the company’s quality system and preparation of BOQ. Familiar with local and international codes. EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS  M.Sc.In Reinforced Concrete, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University  B.Sc., Civil Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt, 2005.  IENG of British civil Engineers  BIM Specialist and structural Engineer at Dar Al-Handasah .  Member of the Egyptian Syndicate of Engineers.  Member of British institute of civil Engineers.  Member of Federation of Arabic Engineers.  Author of Revit Structure Fundamental 2012 Book  Author of Building Information Modeling Book  NOBEL EGYPT academic committee member  Training Coordinator between Structure & HR Departments.  Approved technical instructor for Revit Structure.  Approved technical instructor for Revit Architecture.  Approved technical instructor for Csi Program ( Sap2000 – Etabs – Safe – Csi-Column )  Approved technical instructor for "On the Job "training implemented at the Structural Department at ECG  Deputy Project Manager/technical manager of University To Work initiative at ECG,

(This initiative aims to produce world class skilled students among Egyptian universities and qualified them by developing their technical and soft skills and molding their character to become to comply with market needs).  Revit Structure Instructor at Kemet Authorized Training center from 2009-2011  Sap2000-Etabs-Safe-Csi Columns at Kemet Authorized Training center from 2009-2011  Revit Structure Instructor at MTC Authorized Training center from 2009-2011  Sap2000-Etabs-Safe-Csi Columns at MTC Authorized Training center from 2009-2011  I have the Order of scientific excellence from the College of reserve officers.

Definition of BIM Unfortunately, there is currently no industry standard agreed definition of BIM , the definition of BIM is best described by Graphisoft, which describes BIM as three separate but linked activities: Building Information MODELLING Is a business process that allows all stakeholders to have access to the same information at the same time through seamless interoperability between technology platforms. Building Information MODEL Is the output of the business process, a virtual computer model of a project that holds selected data (design, quantity, time, cost, asset etc.) Building Information MANAGEMENT Provides the benefits that can be divided from The Building Information Model.

These

include

centralized and visual communication,

sustainability, efficient design integration of other disciplines, site control, as built documentation etc.

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The "I" in BIM is sometimes even more compelling in BIM, think about cost estimating test, think about specification writing, think about energy load analysis, think about heating and cooling, think about structural loads, all this things require data, we have this data instead of manually computing all of this various things that we need to get a paper design, why not let the computer do while computer do best?, so this is what BIM is all about, again let's focus just in "M", let us also think about the "I" and if we have got the two together and fully coordinate the package in a way that Revit would give us, then what we have got is a fully implemented BIM solution Buildings are more complex than ever before. Documentation sets span all disciplines, and are hundreds of pages long. The numbers of people that will touch a set of drawings—to produce them, evaluate them, or use them to build the building—have become huge. Integrated building systems continue to expand with the growth of technology. Today, we have more

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security, electrical, data, telecom, HVAC, and energy requirement than ever before.

 Building Information Modeling or “BIM” brings with it many

advantages for the digital design of buildings. Yet with BIM comes issues and risks that a design professional must consider. Enhanced usage of electronic design and construction processes holds promises for saving Time and money, reducing claims and increasing the quality of performance, especially on complex projects. One must consider and recognize however the individual risks associated with this new process. Building information modeling supports the continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule, and cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated, and fully coordinated. 9

 A brief history of BIM 1970 BIM term first used 1982 First version of AutoCAD released and Graphisoft founded 1983 First version of AutoCAD for Windows released 1985 Bentley founded 1987 First version of Graphisoft’sArchiCADreleased 1997 Revit founded, First version of IFC released 1999 Revit first released 2002 Revit bought by Autodesk

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 WHERE WE ARE?

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Stage 0 – 2D Documents 0A Manual drafting 0B CAD 2D drafting

Stage 1 – Modeling 1A 3D CAD modeling 1B intelligent 3D modeling

Stage 2 – Collaboration 2A One-way collaboration 2B Two-way collaboration

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Stage 3 – Integration 3A Local server 3B Web-based server

 Building Information Modeling Benefits:

Building information modeling supports the continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule, and cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated, and fully coordinated. Among the many competitive advantages it confers are:

 Increased speed of delivery (time saved).

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 Better coordination (fewer errors).

Clash Detection enables effective identification, inspection, and reporting of interference clash in a 3D project model between various 3D solid objects. Using Clash Detection can help you to reduce the risk of human error during model inspections.

 Decreased costs (money saved)

BIM makes it easier to estimate quantities of materials needed for a project which reduces waste and saves money. Material waste in the

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construction industry has been studied by the Construction Industry Institute and Lean Construction Institute who have found that waste accounts for 57% of money lost in the construction industry and 26% in the manufacturing sector. This 2008 data shows that there was a $400 billion aggregate loss resulting from such factors as miscommunication among project partners and informational inaccuracies which BIM can catch and prevent.1 Thus the construction industry is starting to implement BIM and building owners as well can reap the benefits.

 Greater productivity.

BIM assists to incorporate facility performance with user assessments. The results from user assessment studies and instrument measures of the physical condition of the building can easily be allotted on floor plans utilizing geographic information systems. The construction firms may link these data to their geographic information systems for future planning and design purposes.

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Higher-quality work.

BIM provides object-oriented models with rich semantics and relationships encoded, supporting the automated analysis of the performance of building products and designs. This basically leads to improved design, implementation and management at all stages of the building’s life cycle.

BIM afford manufacturers, designers and integrators advantages in design efficiency and quality control. A single, connected model improves communication within the design and construction teams and the parametric elements of the model create a robust database. The Building owner and facility manager can utilize the data within the model during the Occupation of the building. Harvesting the information in that data base can help everyone be more efficient and also create new opportunities for revenue expansion. 16

 Benefits of Using Revit to Improve Building Performance o

Applying Revit to designing a building can deliver a plethora of economic,

environmental, and societal benefits — that go far beyond the advantages of AutoCAD. Revit Architecture has many benefits over AutoCAD: o

Identify Ways to Reduce Field Cycle Time

o

Greater Coordination and Collaboration

o

Short Turn Around Time (TAT)

o

Waste Minimization

o

Increase on-site Renewable Opportunities

o

Detects Errors and Mitigate Risks

o

Increase the public's confidence in Stewardship

o

Increase Employee Productivity 17

What Is Revit Structure? Revit Structure is a modeling program. This means that everything placed into a model simulates a true building material. It is important to note that there is a distinct difference between the term modeling and the term 3D. While Revit Structure has many advanced 3D capabilities, it is foremost a modeling program. Most of your modeling occurs in a 2D environment, with 3D views easily accessible at any time.

BIM and Structural Engineering BIM stands for Building Information Modeling. BIM is the process of creating a single, database-driven model by placing actual building components and materials. Therefore, for the structural engineer and designer the BIM model does not stop at the actual building. Since the components used in the model represent real-life members, you can design for stresses as you draft and viceversa. Additionally, in a Revit/BIM environment when beams are attached to columns, and columns to grids, the application understands that these elements belong together. In plan, if a gridline moves, so do the columns and subsequently the beams. In elevation, if a level moves, the columns increase in length and any framing on that floor moves with it. Revit also automatically updates the column schedule to reflect the change. Drawings are now based on a model that is as close to an actual building as possible. A design change can influence the building in another area. This is known as parametric design. The move to this kind of modeling is becoming

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the industry standard. As BIM applications become smarter, so does the industry.

Revit Structure Projects A project is a complete description of a building and the information associated with it for displaying 2D and 3D views, as well as schedules. When you open a Revit Structure project file, it opens the entire project or building model. You can then work in different views, such as plan, section, elevation, and 3D model, all within the same project file. 

All of the views are associative. Changes to the model in one view are automatically updated in all other views. For example, if you add an opening to a wall in a plan view, it also appears in the related elevation view and any related schedules (such as a lintel schedule).



You can place the views on sheets in a Revit Structure project to create construction drawings. Callouts of details and elevations can be automated with tags and titles on the sheets.

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File Types The following explains each Revit file type: .RVT

The file format of a Revit model. There are three separate Revit applications: Revit Structure, Revit Architecture, and Revit MEP. Each of these applications saves a standard project file as the RVT format. Each file can be opened directly in any of the three applications. RVT files can also be inserted and linked into one another. This is crucial for coordination between disciplines. If groups of objects are created and saved out separately, they are also in the RVT format.

.RFA

The file format of a Revit Family. These files can be opened directly, inserted, or loaded into an RVT file.

.RTE

The Revit project template file. When a new model is started, an RTE file is used to create the model. When you save the file, it is saved as a new RVT model. This file contains all of your company’s standards and settings. Views, sheets, and families should be set up and ready to use in the project template.

.RFT

The Revit family template file. When a new family is started, an RFT file is used to create the family. You can use a default or custom template. When saved, the file becomes a new RFA family. You can customize the family template to include commonly used reference planes, parameters, etc.

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Types of Elements There are five main types of elements in a Revit Structure project, as explained below: Host elements are the built-in-place construction objects, such as floors, walls, roofs, ceilings, stairs, and ramps. They can stand alone in the project. Component

Component elements are objects that need to be attached to host elements, such as openings, reinforcing, and footings, as well as stand-alone elements, such as columns, beams and equipment.

View

Views enable you to see and manipulate the project. For example, you can view and work in floor plans, ceiling plans, elevations, sections, schedules, and 3D views. You can change a design from any view. All views are stored in the project.

Datum

Datum elements define the project context. These include levels for the floors, column grids, and reference planes that help you draw.

Annotation

Annotation elements are 2D objects that you place on views to define the information drawn in the project. These include dimensions, text, tags, and symbols. The view scale controls their size.

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The Revit Structure Interface

Revit Structure models are entirely driven by placing components; therefore, the interface is different from the AutoCAD interface. There is no command prompt, no layers, and fewer icons. Revit Structure is an application designed solely for structural design.

The Revit Structure

interface is designed for intuitive and efficient access to commands and views. It includes the Ribbon, Quick Access Toolbar, Application Menu, and Status Bar, which are common to newer versions of all Autodesk software. It also includes tools that are specific to Revit Structure, including the Project Browser and View Control Bar. The interface is shown below.

1. Quick Access Toolbar The Quick Access Toolbar provides access to commonly used commands, such as Open, Save, Undo and Redo, Modify, and 3D View, as shown below. You can also customize this toolbar by adding commands from any of the Ribbon tabs.

2. InfoCenter The InfoCenter enables you to quickly search for help on the web, as shown below. You can specify which Help documents to search, and collapse or expand the Search field to save screen space.

3. Application Menu The Application Menu provides access to file commands, settings, and documents, as shown below. Hover your cursor over a command to see a list of additional tools. 

If you click the primary icon rather than the arrow, it starts the default command.

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Recent and Open Drawings To see a list of recently used documents, click

(Recent Documents) in

the Application menu. The documents can be reordered, as shown in the image below.

Click

(Pin) next to a document name to keep it available and to prevent it

from dropping off the bottom of the list as more recent documents appear on the list. When a file has been pinned, it will display with the push pin tacked in

4. Ribbon The Ribbon contains Revit Structure tools in a series of tabs and panels, as shown in the image below. Selecting a tab displays a group of related panels. The panels contain a variety of tools, grouped by function.

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Contextual Tabs When you select a command that creates new elements for example concrete beam , the Ribbon switches to a contextual tab. The tab includes Element Properties, the pull-down menu, and general commands for creating the element, as shown in the image below.

When you select an existing element in Revit Structure, the Ribbon switches to a contextual tab that includes general editing commands as well as commands directly related to the element type, as shown below.

5. Options Bar The Options Bar changes according to the selected command or element. For example, when the Beam command is active, it displays options for placing the beam, as shown below.

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6. Tooltips Tooltips display the element’s name, a short description, and sometimes a graphic, as shown below. They provide information about tools, commands, and how to create specific elements. 



Many commands have shortcut keys. For example, type BM for Beam or CL for Structural Column. They are listed next to the name of the command in the tooltips. NOTE: You do not need to press to execute two-letter shortcuts.

7. Project Browser The Project Browser lists the views of each project that can be opened in Revit Structure as shown in the image below. This includes all views of the model that you are working in and any additional views you create (such as floor plans, 3D views, elevations, sections, etc.). It also includes views of schedules, legends, sheets (for plotting), families (such as beams and walls), and groups and links.

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8. View Windows 

Each view of a project opens in its own window, as shown below. The

views display a Navigation Bar for quick access to viewing tools and a View Control Bar that controls aspects of that view (such as the scale, detail level, and shading). 

You can use the Project Browser, or press + to switch

between windows. Additional window tools (such as Cascade and Tile) are found in the View tab>Windows panel in the Ribbon, as shown below.

Window Panel

Each model that is open can have multiple view windows open, which can affect the speed at which Revit performs. It is recommended that only the necessary windows remain open. To control this and reduce memory usage ,click

(Close Hidden) in the View tab>Windows panel. To switch

between windows within the project, click Switch Windows, as shown below. If multiple projects are open, these will also be displayed.

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9. Status Bar The Status Bar provides information about the current process, such as the next step for a command, as shown below.

View Control Bar

The View Control Bar is at the bottom of the view window. This toolbar is mainly responsible for the display of the model for a particular view.

Scale: Sets the scale of the view for plotting purposes, and controls the size of annotations and symbols at the specified scale.

Detail Level:

Determines the level in which the graphics of an element are displayed. There are three detail levels: Coarse, Medium, and Fine. Viewing a model at a Fine detail level shows the most amount of detail, but affects the speed at which you can pan and zoom the model. Coarse, however, shows the least amount of detail within the elements of that view. For example steel column as shown below :

coarse( single line) medium (double line) 29

fine (double line and curvature )

Model Graphics Style: Determines the display style of the model. There are four model graphics styles to select from: Wireframe, Hidden Line, shading and Shading with Edges.

Wireframe: All edges and lines are shown, and all surfaces are transparent. Use this for plan views unless you want objects below to appear with hidden lines. This display is not often used in 3D views as the wireframe display can make it hard to understand the model.

Hidden: Typically the first choice for plans and elevations. Most views are set to Hidden line by default. Any obscured objects show as hidden line, while objects that are not obscured show as continuous lines. This can sometimes be controlled with the view range. Different displays in a typical foundation plan view are shown below.

Wireframe

Hidden

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Shading: Shown for 3D illustrations. It shades the model but does not show the lines defining the objects being shaded. It can also be shown in elevation and plan, but becomes cumbersome when it comes time to plot the model. Shading with this graphical style is not recommended.

Shading with Edges: The natural choice for 3D. It shades the model and leaves the outlined edges. This mode is not recommended for plan or elevation, especially when plotting. Typically, views placed on sheets use a simple hidden line graphics style.

Shading

Shading with edge

Shadows: Used for presentations. Showing a shadowed model slows the system dramatically.

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Do Not Crop and Hide Crop Region are designed to behave similarly to viewports in AutoCAD. Cropping a view involves showing the crop region and moving the boundary to the desired location. Column grid lines and bubbles will display regardless of the crop boundary.

Temporary Hide/Isolate We used it when need to temporarily hide or isolate specific elements in a view. First, select the elements you want to hide or isolate. Then, click and select one of the four hide/isolate choices, as shown below. This function only hides elements in a view; it does not remove them from the actual model nor does it hide them permanently.

Reveal Hidden Elements is used to reveal hidden elements. The icon turns magenta and a magenta box surrounds the perimeter of the view. Normally visible elements are grayed out, and the permanently hidden elements appear in magenta. If you want to show these objects again, you can select them in this mode and click (Unhide Elements) on the contextual tab>Reveal Hidden Elements panel.

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Creating and Using Levels 

Creating level one of the first steps we do at every structural project but the arch. Engineer who is responsible for this task every project except steel project we can start before arch. Engineer.



One of the greatest benefits to using Revit is the ability to control datum elevations in real-time by using levels. Having this functionality in a single model without the need for external referencing systems is also advantageous. From a simple tool shed to a skyscraper, Revit is designed to manage an entire project, not just parts of a building. By adding and managing all of the building’s levels in a single file, Revit increases efficiency in the typical workflow of a project. More time can be spent designing and less time spent managing files and folders.

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To Create a Level : 1- To create level you have to go to any elevation at first to active level icon and order.

1

2- In the Home tab>Datum panel, click (Level). The Ribbon changes to the Place Level contextual tab and displays the options and tools you can use to create levels. 2

3

4

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3-In the Draw panel click

(Pick Lines).

4-Type 3000 in the Offset field in the Options Bar. 3000

5- when you go to any elevation by default you will find level 1 and level 2 Move your cursor over the Level 2 elevation line. A blue dashed alignment line appears. If you move your cursor to either side of the existing elevation line, the alignment line moves with it. When you see the alignment line appear above Level 2, select it. Level 3 appears.

Level 3 appears

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6- when you click the level line and select it The following elements that appear enable you to do the following:



The Checkmark icon that appears on either side of the bubble is a toggle that controls whether the bubble and level information is shown at that end of the level line.



The 3D icon controls whether any movement or adjustment is reflect ted in other elevations. If you select this icon, it displays as 2D, which means changes to that level would only affect the current view.



The Padlock icon controls whether the level is locked in alignment with the other levels. If it is locked, you will see the blue dashed alignment line. If level object is stretched, all other levels will stretch with it. This helps maintain conventional drafting standards. If it is unlocked, the level will stretch independently of the other levels.



The Blue open circle icon at the base of both sides of the datum enables you to drag the level head to a new location.

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3000

 The blue dimension that appears between the levels can be edited. This is called a temporary dimension. Remember that any blue element is editable or active.



The Dimension icon makes the temporary dimension permanent. If this occurs, you can still modify the increment by selecting the level. The permanent dimension temporarily turns blue enabling you to edit the value.



The Add Elbow icon enables you to add a jog to the level line. We use this option when you find two levels line very near and you need to spate between them .

1

2

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3

7- to change the name of the level for example Rename Level 3 as Roof. A message appears, asking if you want to rename the corresponding views. Click yes.

The Level 3 view under Structural Plans located in the Project Browser has also been renamed as Roof. 8- when we need to make level without plan ( non-plan view ) we can make it as following:  In the Modify Levels contextual tab click copy and select a point anywhere along the Level 1 line. Move your cursor straight down. Select the Constrain ( this option as Ortho mode in AutoCAD ) and Copy options in the Options Bar. Clear the Multiple option.

9. Type 2500 at the cursor.

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10- Once the level is copied, rename it as T.O. Footing No additional floor plan has been added to the Project Browser. This is because you only copied a level. You did not create it using the conventional Level command. Therefore, you need to create a floor plan based on the new level. 11-to create plan for this level make the following: In the View tab>Create panel, expand Plan Views and select Structural Plan.

Select the T.O. Footing level in the New Plan dialog box.

A new floor plan now appears in the Project Browser.

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Creating Grid Grids are a very powerful (and consequently) useful feature within Revit Grids are Annotation elements. That is, they are not part of your actual model- like a wall, door or window would be. But they DO appear across different Views. For example you can draw a grid on your ground floor plan and it would then appear on the subsequent floors (ie Levels) of your model. The degree to which the grid will appear in other views is dependent on its Extents- but more about that later. A grid line consist of two main parts. The grid line itself and the Grid Header (ie the bubble at the end of the grid line). The default setting is for the grid line to have a grid header at one end only. But you can have Grid Headers at BOTH ends if you prefer. Just select a Grid line by clicking on it………

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1- where do we find the Grid command within Revit. Grids are right there on the Home tab, in the Datum Panel

2-when you click grid icon The Ribbon changes to the Place Level contextual tab and displays the options and tools you can use to create Grid.

3- from drawing tools we can start draw grid as straight line or curve or by pick line. 4- from drawing tools click straight line then the cursor will be in free motion case and start to draw line at any place in drawing area 5- you can make anther grids by many options  array : select grid line and from Ribbon chose array

When click array Contextual Tabs will appear by two options

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1- 2nd this option to set the distance between the selecting grid and the second grid 2- End this option to set the distance between selecting grid and the last one

Note in each option you have to set number of grids to array.

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Grid line references (numbering / lettering) Grid Lines are numbered automatically. The number (or Letter) increments each time you draw a new one. The numbering of grid lines is very much like the tagging of doors and windows. For example:- If your first grid line is numbered 1, then Revit will number the rest of them 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. But if you change your first grid line to A, Revit is clever enough to reference subsequent grid lines as B, C, D, E, etc. You can override this automatic referencing at any time by just clicking in the Grid Header and typing in the number or letter you want for that particular grid line.

Controlling the grid spacing So how do we get a series of grid lines onto a vew? The simplest method is to simply draw the first Grid line and then use Multiple Copy to place the rest of them. Do not worry about the spacing when you are placing new copies of the gridlines. I’ll show you a neat “trick” to quickly tidy up their spacing AFTER you have placed them. Here’s 6 grid lines I have quickly created by copying the first one………….

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Grid Extents What may not be apparent when you first start experimenting with Grids is that they are in fact 3D planes. You can see this for yourself if you switch to an elevation view……….

Grid Line Offsets Just like Levels, you can offset the Grid Header from its associated grid line, if things start to get a bit too busy (ie grid headers are too bunched up). Just select the grid line and then click on the “Add Elbow” icon just above the Grid Header. You can see it just above the Add Albow Tool Tip in the image below………

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Creating Columns 1- where do we find the column command within Revit. there on the Home tab, in the structure Panel .

when we choose structure column new tab will appear to choose placing options ( manual or at grid or at column )  if manual we chose location of column and place it.

if we have arch link choose at

Arch columns option and select all arch

columns in link then structure columns will be create inside or overwrite Arch columns.

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Also we can choose At

Grid option to create columns by click in at grid on

multiple tab

When click at grid this tab (Column Options Bar )will appear to choose direction of drawing column and levels

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1- Select multiple grid intersections from right to left

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Then click finish to finalize columns creation.

Note  Column will be placed at every intersection of selected grid lines, according to the properties set on the Options Bar. No columns are actually created until you press the Finish button. 48

 Press the SPACEBAR to rotate all of the columns that you are creating.  Continue pressing SPACEBAR until the columns are in the desired orientation.

When select any column you can see all properties of column from properties tab .  Column base level and offset  Column top level and offset  Column material and etc… )

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Create Columns Sections From properties tab you can choose column type from type selector Drop-down and choose your type or create new section from edit type. To create new section you have two option

1-Rename this option will modify the current section to new section.

2-Duplicate This option will make duplicate from current section and then change name and the parameters to new section.

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Creating Beam Beams are structural elements used for load-bearing applications. Elements of each beam are defined through the type properties of the specific beam family. In addition, various instance properties can be modified to define the functionality of the beam.

Sample beams You can attach beams to any structural element, including structural walls, in your project. The beams join to structural bearing walls when the Structural Usage property of the wall is set either to Bearing or to Structural Combined.

Floor framing is a system that has horizontal beam elements supported by vertical elements, such as walls and columns. Floor framing elements are typically made of steel, wood, and concrete. They are added after the columns and walls are placed in a model.

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Examples of Floor Framing: Steel beams supporting a composite concrete slab on metal deck. The steel floor beams transfer loads from the composite slab to steel columns and masonry or concrete walls.

Cast-in-place concrete beams and pan joists supporting a concrete slab. The concrete beams and pan joists transfer loads from the concrete slab to the concrete columns. The concrete beams and pan joists are cast monolithically with the slab and columns.

Precast, prestress inverted T-beams and L-beams supporting double tee members. The beams transfer loads from the double tees to the concrete columns.

To draw beams between 2 points 1. Click Home tab

Build panel

Beam drop-down

Beam.

2. Click in the drawing area to specify the start point. 3. Use the mouse to sketch the beam, moving the cursor to the endpoint. 4. Click to specify the endpoint. You can use the grid tool to add multiple beams to selected grids when columns are also present at the working level.

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To draw a beam to a specified length 1. Click Home tab

Build panel

Beam drop-down

Beam.

2. Click in the drawing area to specify the start point. 3. Use the mouse to sketch the beam, moving the cursor toward the endpoint. 4. Type a length. A text box will appear to show your entry. 5. Click to specify the endpoint. Use the grid tool to add multiple beams to selected grids when columns are also present at the working level.

Enter beam length

 When the Chain option is selected, Revit Architecture supplies the endpoint of the last beam as the start point of the next beam.

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To sketch beams using the Chain option 1.

Click Home tab

Build panel

Beam drop-down

Beam.

2.

On the Options Bar, select Chain.

3.

Place the first beam in the chain. See Sketching Individual Beams.

4.

Place each additional beams by clicking the endpoints of the beams.

Sketching beams using the chain option

To sketch beams using on grid option

 When you add beam you have to specify beam level and usages .  After click on grid you have to choose beam family from properties tab and then select all intersections between grid which have column. Then click finish to finalize the creation.

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Beam Properties Beam properties are instance and type parameters that define the characteristics of beams. You can set values for beam properties to control the representation of beams in a structural model. After you select the Beam tool on the Structure panel of the Home tab, you can use the Options Bar to preset the beam properties. Also you can make new sections for beam types as column.

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Options for Setting Beam Properties: After you select the Beam tool, the Place Beam tab displays various options for setting beam properties, as shown.

Additional options for setting beam properties are displayed on the Options Bar, as shown.

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Vertical Justification of Beams You can set the vertical justification of a beam relative to its associated reference level. Revit provides four options to define the vertical justification: Top, Center, Bottom, and Other. By default, the top of a beam is set to a reference level. After a beam is placed, you can change the vertical justification. The following illustration shows precast beams set to Top, Center, and Bottom justifications.

Z-Direction Offset You can define the vertical justification of a beam relative to its associated reference level using Z-Direction Justification in the Instance Properties dialog box. The following illustration shows the options for Z-Direction Justification.

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Structural usage values for beams

Beams are assigned a Structural Usage property based on their function in a structural model. By default, Revit Structure assigns the Structural Usage property to a beam automatically, based on the structural elements that support the beam. However, after a beam is placed in a model, the structural usages can be changed using the instance properties of the beam element. The following table describes the structural usages that Revit automatically assigns to beams.

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Sloped beams To adjust sloped beams 1. Select a beam that is connected to 2 structural members or warped model objects at different heights. 2. Click Modify Structural Framing tab Properties drop-down

Element panel

Element

Instance Properties.

3. In the Instance Properties dialog, enter a value for the Start Level Offset instance parameter of the beam. 4. Enter a value for the End Level Offset instance parameter of the beam, and click OK. 5. Verify that you have entered the correct offset values. Note A beam that has adjusted offset values will become disassociated or free from the current

work

plane.

Similarly,

any

structural element attached to a sloped beam will also become free. You attach free elements to another work plane using the existing Edit Work Plane or Rehost buttons on the Work Plane panel of the Modify Structural Framing tab.

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Creating Beams systems About Beams and Beam Systems You create beams in a structural model to connect various structural elements. Beams can be placed in horizontal or vertical planes along straight lines or along curved paths. To place beams, you use the Beam tool on the Structure panel of the Home tab. To create more than one beam at a time, you can create beam systems.

Methods for Creating Beam Systems Using the Beam System tool on the Structure panel of the Home tab, you can create a beam system in a structural model. To do this, select a support formed by a closed loop of beams or structural walls. This method is called the single-click placement method of creating beam systems. Another method of creating a beam system is by sketching the outline of the beam system. You can create 2D or 3D beam systems in the plan or 3D views. The 2D beam systems are placed at the current level. In 3D beam systems, the elevation of each beam is defined by the height and slope of the walls or by the beams that support the beam system. In a 3D view, you can create 2D and 3D beam systems by using the sketch method only. However, in a plan view, you can also create 2D and 3D beams systems using the single-click placement method.

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Example of Beams and Beam Systems The following illustrations show different beams and beam systems.

Beam System Properties You can set the beam system properties before creating the beam system. The following illustrations show the beam system options on the Options Bar.

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The following table describes the beam system options.

Beam Type Specifies the type of beams used in the beam system. The list displays the same beam types as the Type Selector drop-down. You can load additional beam types into the project if the beam you require is not in the Beam Type list.

Justification Specifies the justification type of the beam system as Beginning, Center, or End.The justification type determines the placement of the first beam in the beam system and each subsequent beam is spaced at a fixed distance from that point. Note: You can specify the justification only if you select the layout rule as Fixed Distance.

Layout Rule Specifies the pattern in which beams are arranged in a bay. The layout rule can be of the following types:  Fixed Distance: Sets beams at a certain fixed distance from the previous beam in the pattern.  Fixed Number: Sets a specified number of beams that are equally spaced.  Maximum Spacing: Sets beams at a nominal spacing.  Clear Spacing: Same as Fixed Distance, but the spacing is measured between the exteriors of the beams instead of between their centerlines. With the Clear Spacing layout rule, when you adjust the size of an individual beam

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in a beam system, the beams next to it move to maintain the distance between the beams.

3D Specifies whether the beams in the beam system are planar or nonplanar with respect to the current level. If the 3D check box is not selected, the beams are placed planar with the current level, regardless of whether the supporting members are sloped. This is often referred to as a 2D beam system. If the 3D check box is selected, the elevations at the ends of the beams are controlled by the slope of the supporting members. This means that the beams can accommodate different support heights and can be nonplanar with the current level. This is often referred to as a 3D beam system.

Walls Define Slope Specifies the default value for the slope of the sketch lines that are associated with walls in a beam system. You can set this property only for sketch lines that have a wall as their support. When you set this property, the heights are examined for the structural walls that outline the beam system and then beams are placed accordingly. Note: You can set this property only if you select the 3D Snapping check box on the Options Bar.

Tag Places a tag on either individual beams or a beam system.

Framing or System Defines the type of tag to be placed for a beam or a beam system.

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When click Beam system you will find two options to create it

Automatic Beam System We can use it when you have closed area and need to create beam system

 Direction of beam system is depending on the direction of the mouse that is refereeing to .  If mouse referee to horizontal beam the beam systems will be in horizontal direction And vice versa.

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Sketch Beam System This general option to create beam system for any area by sketch this area and specify beam direction.  click sketch beam system and choose the tool of drawing to sketch the area

beam direction -

to change beam direction click beam direction and specify new direction.

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Structure wall You create a structural wall by sketching the location line of the wall in a plan or a 3D view. To do this, you need to first activate the Structural Wall tool available in the Wall drop-down on the Structure panel of the Home tab. Then, you can add walls by drawing them, selecting lines in a CAD file, or selecting faces of mass objects.

Wall Layers Walls contain layers that correspond to the structure of wall systems. All layers within the wall element have a definite purpose. For example, in a metal stud over CMU wall type, the concrete masonry unit layer provides structural support, the air and insulation layers act as thermal barriers, and metal studs hold a gypsum wallboard finish. Each wall layer has specific function, material, and thickness parameters, which you can modify based on your requirements. Revit automatically detects the characteristics of each layer and matches each characteristic to the appropriate function. The following illustration shows the different wall layers in a structural wall.

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Example of Structural Walls

1. Exterior - Concrete 2. Generic - Masonry 3. Exterior - Brick on Metal Stud 4. Exterior - Brick on CMU

Wall Properties Dialog Box

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Wall Properties Dialog Box You can modify the location line, base and top constraints, and structural usage parameters using the Instance Properties dialog box. Location Line A location line represents a vertical plane in the wall. This parameter is independent of the wall type and does not change if the wall type is changed. You can specify the location line of a wall using any of the following options:  Wall Centerline  Core Centerline  Finish Face: Exterior  Finish Face: Interior  Core Face: Exterior  Core Face: Interior

Base and Top Constraints The Base Constraint and Top Constraint parameters are used to define the wall vertically in the model. When you specify the base and top constraint of a wall, you connect the wall to specified levels. After you specify the base constraint of a wall, you may also specify a value for base offset. This sets the bottom of the wall elevation below the floor by a certain distance to reach the foundation.

Structural Usage Parameters The Structural Usage parameters determine the function of a structural wall in a model. These parameters set apart structural walls from nonstructural or partition walls. The Structural Usage parameters are categorized as nonbearing, bearing, shear, and structural combined. 68

The value of the Structural Usage parameter controls whether the wall is placed as a structural or a partition wall. By default, structural walls are assigned as bearing and partition walls are assigned as nonbearing. Nonbearing walls do not appear in structural views. You can change the Structural Usage parameter any time.

Wall Options Bar When you select the Structural Wall tool, the Options Bar displays wall placement options. The following illustrations show the various options available on the Options Bar.

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Wall sections To modify wall section from Wall Properties Dialog Box click edit type

As pervious you have two options Rename or Duplicate

1-Rename this option will modify the current section to new section.

2-Duplicate This option will make duplicate from current section and then change name and the parameters to new section.

 Click edit and modify the thickness of wall to new section.

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Creating Floors Floors are horizontal surfaces that support gravity loads and transfer these loads to the supporting structure. You add floor elements in a plan view using the Floor tool. When you select the Floor tool, the sketch mode is activated and all the elements in the model are halftoned and not accessible. In the sketch mode, you add sketch lines to define the boundary of the floor. You can place sketch lines using the Pick Walls, Pick Supports, or Line tool. You can create an opening in a floor by editing the floor and sketching secondary loops inside the main floor outline. You can also create an opening in a floor using the By Face, Shaft, and Vertical tools on the Opening panel of the Modify tab. The openings that are created by this method are hosted by floors, but these openings remain independent.

Process of Adding a Floor Element: To add a floor element to a project, you use the Floor tool on the Structure panel of the Home tab.

Process: Adding a Floor Element The following illustration shows the process of adding a floor element.

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The following steps describe the process of adding a floor element. 1. Open the structural model in a plan or 3D view. Open the structural model in a plan or 3D view to add a floor element. 2. Use the Floor tool. Use the Floor tool to start placing a floor element.

3. Specify properties. Specify properties of the new floor type by opening the Instance Properties dialog box, followed by the Type Properties dialog box. Select Duplicate in the Type Properties dialog box to create a new floor type, and then specify the floor type properties.

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4. Sketch the outline. Sketch the outline of the floor type to place an opening. You can draw lines or pick walls, supports, or lines.

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5. Add openings in the floor sketch. Add openings in the floor sketch using additional outlines. You can also use the tools on the Opening panel of the Modify tab after the floor is completed.

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Creating Shaft Openings in Floors You can cut openings in the entire height of a building using the Shaft tool on the Opening panel of the Modify tab. Using this tool, you can cut faces of roofs, floors, and slab-on-grades simultaneously. If you move the shaft opening on one level, it moves on all levels. The symbolic lines are visible on all levels too. Procedure: Creating a Shaft Opening in a Floor The following steps describe how to create a shaft opening in a floor. 1. Open a plan or a 3D view. 2. Click Modify tab > Opening panel > Shaft.

3. Sketch a shaft opening by drawing lines or by picking walls.

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5. Click Finish Opening. Shaft

6. Select the opening and click Element Properties to adjust the levels that the opening cuts.

 For Base Constraint, specify a level for the start point of the shaft.  For Top Constraint, specify a level for the end point of the shaft. The shaft cuts through and is visible on all intermediate levels.

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Creating Foundations Foundations are model elements that are used to represent the physical building foundation in a structural model. Foundations are typically modeled as either deep foundations or shallow foundations, depending on the soil conditions of the building site. Deep foundations consist of grade beams spanning pile caps supported on piles. Shallow foundations consist of wall footings, isolated column footings, and foundation slabs or mats.

Types of Foundations The following table describes the different types of foundations.

Example of Foundations

Foundation with pile caps, a foundation slab, and beams

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Foundation with column footings, a foundation slab, and wall foundations

Isolated Footing Component families that are placed

beneath

columns

or

other structural elements where loads are concentrated at a point. These include isolated column footings for shallow foundations and piles and pile caps for deep foundations.

Place an Isolated Footing 1. In the Structure tab> Foundation panel, click the Structural Foundation: Isolated command.

2. In the Type Selector, select a footing type.

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(Isolated) to start

3. In the drawing, click to place the individual footing as shown in Figure

4. To add more than one footing at a time, in the Modify | Place Isolated Foundation tab>Multiple panel, select or

(At Grids)

(At Columns) and select the grids or columns.

5. Press or



(Modify) to end the command.

An isolated footing attaches itself to the bottom of the Component.

 Instead of adding extra levels for foundations, you can place foundation elements at the lowest floor level and then change the Base Offset parameter for the columns and walls to lower the footing below the floor. The foundation elements move with the base of the walls and columns. 79

Slab Foundation this general option to create foundations , by this option you can make isolated footing , combined footing and raft.

Place a Structural Slab 1. In the Structure tab>Foundation panel, click Structural Foundation: Slab command.

(Slab) to start the

2. In the Type Selector, select the slab type you want to use.

3. In the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab>Draw panel, use the following options to create a closed boundary:  Use the Draw tools, such as

(Line) or

(Pick Lines) when the

slab is not defined by walls or a structure and is free-floating.  Use

(Pick Walls) when walls define the perimeter (Pick Supports)

and select structural walls or beams when the slab is supported by beams.  In the Modify | Create Floor Boundary tab>Mode panel, click (Finish Edit Mode). 80

Adding Dimensions The dimension tools available to you can be found on the “Annotate” menu, in the “Dimension” tab

Aligned dimensions The first dimension type that we are going to look at are Aligned Dimensions. The key thing to note about Aligned Dimensions are that they can be placed between 2 or more parallel references or 2 or more points- wall ends for example. The dimensions in the image below are all Aligned Dimensions.

One important thing to note here is that when you select “Aligned” to start dimensioning, the Options bar presents you with some important choices that will aid you in creating your dimensions. 81

You will see above that you have a choice as to what Revit snaps to when dimensioning. The “Place Dimension” drop down box contains Wall centrelines, Wall faces, Centre of core and Faces of core. The second choice you have when placing your dimensions are “Pick”.

At this point it is worth taking a moment to look at the differences between these two options because this is something that you will use time and again.

If we leave “Pick” set at “Individual References”, you have the choice where to dimension to, along a wall length- ie from the end of the wall to the start of the first window opening

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However, if you change “Pick” to “Entire Walls”, you can now just pick anywhere on the wall and the entire wall is automatically dimensioned

Note that all the dimensions were added in one go, following a single click on the wall. To tell Revit exactly what elements of the wall you wish to be dimensioned, click on “Options” on the Options Bar (this is only available if you have “Pick” set to “Entire Walls”.

You will see that you can dimension (automatically) to openings, intersecting wall and intersecting grid lines. Used appropriately, this feature can save you a vast amount of time. Imagine a long elevation with 14 windows and 3 doors- and being able to dimension all of it with a single click! Ok, that’s enough of Aligned Dimensions, let’s move on.

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Linear dimensions Next on our list are “Linear Dimensions”. We use Linear Dimensions, when we want the absolute distance (measured vertically or horizontally) between two offset points. This is better explained with a diagram.

Angular dimensions As you may expect, Angular Dimensions are used to measure the angle between two reference points that share a common intersection. Quite simply click on the first reference element (be it a line, wall, etc) and then on the second one.

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Radial dimensions Radial dimensions are used for measuring the distance from an arc to it’s centre point. In the case of Walls, you can measure either to the wall centreline or the wall face. Pressing the “tab” key when defining your dimension will toggle between wall face and wall centerline.

Arc Length dimensions Radial dimensions are used for measuring the distance along an arc segment. This could be a line or wall. Again the “Tab” key will toggle between centrelines and faces, in the case of walls.

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Baseline and Ordinate dimensions

Two other linear dimension types that are available to you (but not obviously evident) are “Baseline” and Ordinate” dimensions. These are basically two different types of “Running Dimensions”. In order top use these, you will need to first create the dimension types. This is really easy to do- just pick the default Linear (or Aligned) dimension family and duplicate it (renaming it of course). Once you have a copy of the family, you can go into it’s properties and “Edit Type”.

You will notice that the first parameter in the list is “Dimension String Type”. This is the parameter we are interested in. If you activate the drop-down menu for this parameter- you will see that you have a choice of “Continuous”, “Baseline” or “Ordinate”. Go ahead and change the parameter to “Baseline”. This results in a dimension like this….

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And if then produce a second dimension family with the “Dimension String Type” set to “Ordinate”, this is what you get.

On the face of it this looks just like a standard aligned / linear dimension. But if you look closely you will see that each dimension value is measured back to the base point of 0.

Spot Dimensions. There are 3 types of Sot Dimensions: Spot Elevations, Spot Coordinates and Spot Slopes.

Spot Elevation dimensions Spot Elevations are used in elevation, section, plan and 3D views to display the absolute (or relative) heights of reference points. They can also display the upper and lower height values of an element with thickness (eg a floor), in plan views.

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Here is a Spot Elevation in a section view, telling us the height at the top of the wall.

And here is a Spot Elevation in a plan view. This time it is displaying the bottom and top heights of a floor plate element.

Spot Coordinates dimensions

Spot Coordinates display the North / South and East / West coordinates of the reference point it is placed at. It can also display the elevation at that height too.

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Spot Slope dimensions And finally…….. Spot Slope Dimensions! As you might well expect, these are used for displaying the angle of slope on various surfaces and elements. They can be placed in section, elevation and plan views. Here is one being used on a roof slope in a section view…..

You have a choice of an arrow or a triangle for the symbol- we have obviously chosen the triangle symbol in the above example. And that concludes our introductory look at Dimensions in Revit. In other articles we will go onto to look at how we can manipulate and customise the look and operation of these various dimension types.

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Adding Tags Tags are annotations that display parametric information about the elements with which they are associated. Tags use unique symbols to represent each structural element. Unlike text, the values displayed in tags are updated automatically when the structural model is updated. Tags are view specific, can be placed with or without leaders, and have horizontal or vertical orientation. Tags automatically adjust to the view scale and align with other tags in the view. You can modify tags by changing their position in a view, turning their leaders on or off, and changing their orientation. You can tag a structural element with more than one tag if you have multiple tag types loaded for that element.

Types of Tags Structural Framing Tag : Displays the Type Name property of a structural framing member. This tag rotates with its associated element. Structural Framing Tag-w-Studs-Camber: Displays the Type Name, Number of Studs, and Camber Size properties of a steel structural framing member. This tag rotates with its associated element. Structural Column Tag : Displays the Type Name property of a structural column member. This tag orients to the view. Structural Column Tag-45: Displays the Type Name property of a structural column member at a 45degree angle to the column member. This tag orients to the view. 90

Tag Options: You can place tags in a view using the tag options available in the Tag dropdown on the Tag panel of the Annotate tab. The Tag drop-down provides three options: By Category, Multi-Category, and Material.

The following table describes the various tag options.

By Category: Automatically identifies the category of the object being tagged and adds the appropriate tag.

Multi-Category Uses shared parameters to add tags that work across categories. Multicategory tags are custom objects.

Material Displays a question mark when first placed. You need to specify a value for the material parameter, which is then displayed in the tag.

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Beam Annotations Dialog Box: Using the Beam Annotations dialog box, you can place or remove structural framing tags and spot elevation symbols on selected or all beams in a view. To access the Beam Annotations dialog box, you use the Beam Annotations tool on the Tag panel of the Place Text tab. You can also specify the position of framing tags or spot elevation symbols at the start, middle, or end of beams.

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Process of Adding Tags: You can add tags to the selected or all structural framing members in a view.

Process: Adding Tags The following illustration shows the process of adding tags.

The following steps describe the process of adding tags.

 Activate the Tag tool : Activate the Tag tool on the Tag panel of the Annotate tab.

Note: You can use the Tag All tool on the Tag panel of the Annotation tab to tag all elements of one type, such as columns in the current view.

 Specify tag properties: Specify the tag properties such as tag orientation and leader length, on the Options Bar.

 Place tags: Place tag using reference lines to align the tag with the nearby tags and text. You can change the tag orientation and add or remove a leader after tag placement. 93

Views Definition of Views Views provide a way of visualizing and working on a building model. You use views to display a model from different directions and reference points that help you build the model. In addition, you use views to generate plans, elevations, sections, details, and schedules that are used to assemble construction documentation. When you start a project, certain views are created by default based on the project template that you select. You can edit the properties of these views and create new views, as required. You can also duplicate existing plan and 3D views to create new views. You can navigate within a view using the mouse wheel, Steering Wheels, or the view cube, and switch between views in the middle of an activity. For example, you can select a floor in 3D view and edit it in plan view. However, only one view can be active at any given time.

Options for Duplicating Views By duplicating a view, you can display the same portion of the structural model in multiple views with different view settings, if required. The following table describes the three options that you can use to duplicate views.

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Duplicate: This option creates a view that is a copy of the original view. A duplicate view displays model elements but not annotation elements from the original view. For example, you can use this option to create a duplicate foundation plan that displays a referenced architectural plan and is used for coordination purposes. The duplicate plan is independent of the original foundation plan.

Duplicate with Detailing: This option creates a view that inherits all details of the original view. A duplicate with detailing view displays both model and annotation elements from the original view. For example, you can use this option to create an overall foundation plan that includes the detailing you added to the original foundation plan. The overall plan is independent of the original foundation plan. Any additional annotation you add is displayed only in the view to which it is added.

Duplicate as a Dependent: This option creates a dependent view that inherits view properties and viewspecific elements from the original view, known as the parent view. A dependent view is used to display only a specific area of the view. You can insert matchlines to indicate where the view is split and view references to link views. Annotation added to the dependent view is displayed in the parent view and vice versa. This option helps to create views that show portions of a plan when the entire plan is too large to fit on a drawing sheet.

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The following illustrations show an original view and its duplicate copies created by using the options for duplicating views.

Original view with annotation

Duplicate view without annotation

Duplicate with detailing view, with annotation included 96

Duplicate as a dependent view, with annotation included

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Overview of Visibility and Graphic Display Most overrides for visibility and graphic display are made in the Visibility/Graphics dialog. The exception is for individual element overrides; these are made in the View-Specific Element Graphics dialog. From the Visibility/Graphics dialog, you can view overrides that have already been applied to a category. If the graphic display of a category has been overridden, the cell displays a preview of the graphic. If no overrides have been made to a category, the cell is blank, and the element displays as specified in the Object Styles dialog.

In the following image, the doors

category has overrides for projection/surface lines and for cut pattern.

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Move and Copy Revit Structure contains editing tools and temporary dimensions that enable you to edit elements. Additional modifying tools can be used with individual elements or any selection of elements. They are found in the Modify tab>Modify panel, and in contextual tabs.

 The process of copying an element is identical to moving an element, except that by default, a copy is moved instead of the original object.

Move or Copy Elements 1. Select the element(s) that you want to move. 2. In the Modify panel, click

(Move) or type MV or click

(Copy)

or type CO. A boundary box displays around the selected element(s). 3. Select a base point on or near the element. 4. Select a second point. 5. Use alignment lines and temporary dimensions to help place the element(s). Snaps are also helpful for placement, or type the distance by keyboard . 6. The element(s) remain highlighted, enabling you to start another command, or you can press to end the command. 99

Move/Copy Options The Move and Copy commands have several options that display in the Options Bar.

 Constrain: Only moves the element by 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees. If the element is at an angle (i.e., an angled wall), Constrain also enables it to move parallel to its current location. 

Disjoin: Moves the element independent of any other elements to which it is attached or related. For example, a wall joined to other walls at each end can be moved without extending the joined walls using Disjoin.



Copy: Creates a copy of the original element. This makes the Multiple option available, which permits multiple copies. With the exception of the Multiple option, the options revert to their defaults each time you restart the command.

 These commands only work within the current view, not between views or projects. To copy between views or projects, use (Copy to Clipboard) and

(Paste from Clipboard).

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Summary of Some commend

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Example Our example will be building Consists of 6 floors with isolated footing .

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Creating Level 1- go to elevation >East

2- From datum tab click level

3- In the Draw panel click

(Pick Lines).

4- Type 3000 in the Offset field in the Options Bar. 3000 0

5- Repeat these steps again with every level and type the level Height at offset. 6- All plans automatic created

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Creating Grid 1- Go to any plan as example level 1 by double click on level 1 under structure plan 2- From datum tab click Grid

3- when you click grid icon The Ribbon changes to the Place Level contextual tab and displays the options and tools you can use to create Grid.

4- from drawing tools we can start draw grid as straight line or curve or by pick line. 5- from drawing tools click straight line then the cursor will be in free motion case and start to draw line at any place in drawing area 6- you can make anther grids by many options as array and copy.

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Creating Columns 1- there on the Home tab, in the structure Panel .

2- when we choose structure column new tab will appear to choose placing options ( manual or at grid or at column )

choose At

Grid option to create columns by click in at grid on multiple tab

When click at grid this tab (Column Options Bar )will appear to choose direction of drawing column and levels

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1- Select multiple grid intersections from right to left

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Then click finish to finalize columns creation.

Note  Column will be placed at every intersection of selected grid lines, according to the properties set on the Options Bar. No columns are actually created until you press the Finish button. 108

 Press the SPACEBAR to rotate all of the columns that you are creating.  Continue pressing SPACEBAR until the columns are in the desired orientation.  To move any column – select it and from modify tab choose move Tool to move column by specific distance right or left by moving column right or left .

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Creating Beams

To draw a beam 1. Click Home tab

Build panel

Beam drop-down

Beam.

2. Click in the drawing area to specify the start point. 3. Use the mouse to sketch the beam, moving the cursor toward the endpoint.

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Creating Floors

The following illustration shows the process of adding a floor element.

The following steps describe the process of adding a floor element. 1. Open the structural model in a plan or 3D view. Open the structural model in a plan or 3D view to add a floor element. 2. Use the Floor tool. Use the Floor tool to start placing a floor el

3. Specify properties. Specify properties of the new floor type by opening the Instance Properties 111

dialog box, followed by the Type Properties dialog box. Select Duplicate in the Type Properties dialog box to create a new floor type, and then specify the floor type properties.

4. Sketch the outline. Sketch the outline of the floor type to place an opening. You can draw lines or pick walls, supports, or lines.

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Add opening to floor: We have many option to add floor opening 1- when we draw the floor any closed area inside the floor area will define as opening. 2- From opening tab choose by face option to add opening for this floor , when you choose by face select the floor and then sketch the opening shape . 3- When we need to add shaft for all floors in the same place choose shaft option and sketch shaft shap.

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Copy this floor to other levels Select all elements in drawing area and from filter select on beams ( structural framing and floors ,, if column drawn from level 1 to level 2 select it also if no drawn from first floor to roof don’t select it )

filter 114

Select copy clipboard and then past and choose the levels

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At Roof select slab and edit boundray and modefiy the floor boundary and click finish.

Draw inclined roof by sketch the roof shape

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Select new roof and click modify sub element

Add split line and click Esc

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Click on the line and enter line height

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To attach column to inclined roof : select columns and choose attach to base or top then select inclined roof

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Creating Foundation To create foundation level -> go to elevation and create level under level 1 by foundation level

Change base level for column to be a new level

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Place an Isolated Footing 1. In the Structure tab> Foundation panel, click

(Isolated) to start

the Structural Foundation: Isolated command.

2. In the Type Selector, select a footing type.

3. In the drawing, click to place the individual footing as shown in Figure

4. To add more than one footing at a time, in the Modify | Place 5. Isolated Foundation tab>Multiple panel, (At Columns) and select the columns. 6. Press or

(Modify) to end the command.

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Summary The use of a Revit building information model gives structural firms an integrated modeling environment for analysis and documentation – so that the structural design and documentation are coordinated, consistent, and complete. Leveraging existing architectural digital design information and sharing the structural building information model with architects and engineers further coordinates the building design and documentation – a winning combination for all parties involved in the design, construction and operation of a building. The best example emerging today is the use of three-dimensional, intelligent design information, commonly referred to as Building Information Modeling (BIM).

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