Weld Design Symbols

Welding Symbols (ISO 2553) and Weld Joint Design

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Square Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Single Bevel Groove Weld

Single V Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face

Single U Groove Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Single J Groove Weld

Backing Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Fillet Weld

Plug / Slot Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Spot Weld

Seam Weld

ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Edge Weld

Surfacing

SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Weld Profile

Flat Convex

Concave

SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS

M Toes blended smoothly

Permanent Backing Strip

MR Removable Backing Strip

SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Peripheral Welds

SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Site welds

SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Tail Optional)

Sequence of Information in the Tail •

Process (as per ISO 4063)

•

Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)

•

Working Position (as per ISO 6947)

•

Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or ISO 3581)

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Method of representation

Reference Line (Continuous)

Arrow Line

Reference Line (Dashed)

Weld Joint

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Arrow Side

Arrow Side

Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Other Side

Arrow Side

Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Other Side

Other Side

Arrow Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Arrow Side

Other Side

Arrow Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Which is the Other Side in this case? Side B

Side A

Side C

Side D

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on both Sides

Arrow Side

Other Side

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Symmetric Welding on both Sides

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

OR

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Butt Joints

l

s

l

s

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Fillet Welds

z5

l

5 5

a5

l 5

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Fillet Welds

a

a

a

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Intermittent Fillet Welds

z

n x l (e)

z

n x l (e)

l

(e)

l

(e)

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds

z

n x l (e)

z

n x l (e)

l

(e)

l

(e)

l

(e)

l

(e)

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Spot Weld d

n (e)

e d

e

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Seam Weld d

n x l (e)

l

e d

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Plug Weld d

n (e)

e d

e

DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Slot Weld d

n x l (e)

l

e d

WELD JOINT DESIGN

Edge Preparation - Need Poor penetration Poor strength

Good penetration Good strength (100% joint efficiency)

Edge Preparation Factors which influence choice of edge preparation - Thickness - Material - Welding process - Extent of penetration required - Welding distortion - Cost

Basic Joint Types butt lap tee

corner edge

Basic Weld Types Groove welds

Fillet weld Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Applicable Welds for Butt joint Square Groove weld

Bevel Groove weld

J Groove weld

V Groove weld

U Groove weld

Applicable Welds for Butt joint Double V Groove weld

Double U Groove weld

Double Bevel Groove weld

Double J Groove weld

Applicable Welds for Tee joint

Applicable Welds for Lap joint Fillet weld

Plug / slot weld

Spot / seam weld

Applicable Welds for Corner Joint

Applicable Welds for Edge Joint Edge weld

Butt joint Square Groove weld

Root gap

Butt joint Single V Groove weld Groove angle α

Root face Root gap

Weld Reinforcement

Correct reinforcement

Excess reinforcement

Minimum cost

High cost

Good joint strength

Poor joint strength

Under reinforcement

Poor joint strength

Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration Weld from face side

Back gouging

Back weld

Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration

Backing weld

Back gouging

Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration (welding from one side) TIG / SMAW welding

Consumable guide

Butt Joint – Double V groove Double V groove

Less weld metal Less distortion Higher edge preparation cost Better for thickness > 20 mm

Single V groove

More weld metal More distortion Lower edge preparation cost Better for thickness < 20 mm

Butt Joint – U groove Groove angle Root radius Root face Root gap Good access at the root Less weld metal Higher edge preparation cost Better for thickness > 40 mm

Butt Joint – Bevel groove Single bevel groove

Bevel angle 40 to 50° Difficult to approach the root Weld defects

Double bevel groove

Back gouging to remove root defects Good weld quality

Butt Joint – J groove

Good access at the root Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality Less weld metal Higher edge preparation cost Better for thickness > 40 mm

Tee Joint – Full strength joint In a full strength joint, leg = 0.75 x thickness

throat = 0.707 x leg leg = 1.414 x throat leg

throat

leg

Tee Joint – Full penetration joint

45° or 60°

leg = throat

leg = throat

Tee Joint

Actual throat Theoretical throat

AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm – to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap

Lap Joint

overlap AWS D 1.1 recommendation Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum) Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max

Welding Position – Groove 1G

3G

2G 4G

Welding Position – Groove 1G

2G

5G

6G

45°

Welding Position – Fillet 1F 2F 3F

4F

Welding Position – Fillet 1F 2F

5F

Welding Positions – Groove Position

Inclination of axis

Rotation of face

Flat

0° to 15°

150° to 210°

Horizontal

0° to 15°

80° to 150° 210° to 280°

Overhead

0° to 80°

0° to 80° 280° to 360°

Vertical

15° to 80°

80° to 280°

80° to 90°

0° to 360°

Welding Positions – Fillet Position

Inclination of axis

Rotation of face

Flat

0° to 15°

150° to 210°

Horizontal

0° to 15°

125° to 150° 210° to 235°

Overhead

0° to 80°

0° to 125° 235° to 360°

Vertical

15° to 80°

125° to 235°

80° to 90°

0° to 360°