WCDMA Principle 20100208 A

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WCDMA Principle

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Objectives

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Different Service, Different Technology 2G 1990s Digital

1G 1980s Analog AMPS TACS

3G IMT-2000

GSM GSM Technologies drive

NMT Others

CDMA CDMA IS IS--95 95

UMTS UMTS WCDMA WCDMA Demands drive

TDMA TDMA IS IS--136 136 PDC PDC

cdma cdma 2000 2000 TD TD--SCDMA SCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Different Service, Different Technology 2G 1990s Digital

1G 1980s Analog AMPS TACS

3G IMT-2000

GSM GSM Technologies drive

NMT Others

CDMA CDMA IS IS--95 95

UMTS UMTS WCDMA WCDMA Demands drive

TDMA TDMA IS IS--136 136 PDC PDC

cdma cdma 2000 2000 TD TD--SCDMA SCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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3G Evolution

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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3G Spectrum Allocation

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Bands WCDMA Used

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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3G Application Service Error Ratio conversat ional

streaming

interact ive backgrou nd

Time Delay H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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The Core technology of 3G: CDMA WCDMA WCDMA CN: based on MAP and GPRS RTT: WCDMA

cdma2000 CN: based on ANSI 41 and MIP

CDMA

CN: based on MAP and GPRS RTT: TD-SCDMA

RTT: cdma2000

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

TD - SCDMA

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Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Multiple Access and Duplex Technology



H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Multiple Access Technology FDMA

TDMA

Pow er Pow er

y nc e u eq Fr

Tim e

Tim e

CDMA

Pow er

Tim e

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

n cy Freque

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y nc e qu Fre

Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Duplex Technology

Power

Time

USER 2

FDD

USER 1

UL

DL Frequency

Power

Time

TDD

DL UL DL DL

USER 2 USER 1

UL Frequency

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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WCDMA Network Architecture Core Network

CN

CS

PS

Iu - CS

CS Iu - PS

Iu - CS

RNS

Iu - PS

RNS Iur

RNC

UTRAN

PS

RNC

Iub

Iub

Iub

Node B

Node B

Node B

UE H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

Uu

All rights reserved

Iub Node B

WCDMA Network Version Evolution

GSM/GPRS CN WCDMA RTT

3GPP Rel99

CS domain change to NGN WCDMA RTT

3GPP Rel4

2000

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

2001

IMS HSDPA

3GPP Rel5

2002

All rights reserved

MBMS HSUPA

3GPP Rel6

2005

WCDMA Network Version Evolution l Features of R6

[ MBMS is introduced [ HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps l Features of R7

[ HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO [ Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps l Features of R8

[ WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced [ OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA [ Max DL rate: 50Mbps, Max UL rate: 100Mbps (with 20MHz bandwidth)

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Uu Interface protocol structure GC

Nt

DC

Duplication avoidance GC

Nt

DC U-plane information

control

control

RRC control

control

control

C-plane signaling

L3 PDCP PDCP

RLC

RLC

RLC

RLC RLC

RLC RLC

MAC PHY H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

UuS boundary

All rights reserved

L2 / PDCP BMC

L2 / BMC

RLC

L2 / RLC

L2 / MAC L1

General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface l The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are

logically independent of each other.

Radio Network Layer

Control Plane

User Plane

Application Protocol

Data Stream(s)

Transport Network Layer

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer(s)

Signaling Bearer(s) Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Data Bearer(s)

General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial Interface l The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are

logically independent of each other.

Radio Network Layer

Control Plane

User Plane

Application Protocol

Data Stream(s)

Transport Network Layer

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer(s)

Signaling Bearer(s) Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Data Bearer(s)

Iu-CS Interface Radio Network Layer

Transport Network Layer

Control Plane

User plane

RANAP

Iu UP

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

ALCAP SCCP A MTP3-B SAAL NNI

B

MTP3-B SAAL NNI

ATM Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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AAL2 PATH

Iu-PS Interface Radio Network Layer

Transport Network Layer

Control Plane

User plane

RANAP

Iu UP

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network User Plane

SCCP GTP-U

MTP3-B C SAAL NNI

IP AAL Type 5

ATM Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

UDP

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Iub Interface Radio Network Layer

NBAP N C P

Transport Network Layer

User plane

Control Plane C C P

Iub FP

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

ALCAP

Transport Network User Plane

SAAL UNI

SAAL UNI

AAL2 PATH

ATM Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Iur Interface Radio Network Layer

Transport Network Layer

Control Plane

User plane

RANAP

Iur Data Stream

Transport Network User Plane

Transport Network Control Plane

Transport Network User Plane

ALCAP SCCP A MTP3-B SAAL NNI

B

MTP3-B SAAL NNI

ATM Physical Layer

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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AAL2 PATH

Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Servic e Signal

Servic e Signal

Sourc e Codin g

Channel Coding & Interleaving

Spreading

Modulation

bit

symbol

chip

modulated signal

Source Decodin g

Channel Decoding Despreadin & Deinterleaving g

Receiver

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Demodulatio n

Transmission

Radio Channel

Reception

WCDMA Source Coding [ A integrated speech codec with 8 source rates [ The AMR bit rates can be controlled by the RAN depending on the system load and quality of the speech connections

CODEC

Bit Rate (kbps)

AMR_12.20

12.2 (GSM EFR)

AMR_10.20

10.2

AMR_7.95

7.95

[ H.324 is used for VP Service in CS domain [ Includes: video codec, speech codec, data protocols, multiplexing and etc.

AMR_7.40

7.4 (TDMA EFR)

AMR_6.70

6.7 (PDC EFR)

AMR_5.90

5.9

AMR_5.15

5.15

AMR_4.75

4.75

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System Transmitter Servic e Signal

Servic e Signal

Sourc e Codin g

Channel Coding & Interleaving

Spreading

Modulation

bit

symbol

chip

modulated signal

Source Decodin g

Channel Decoding Despreadin & Deinterleaving g

Receiver

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Demodulatio n

Transmission

Radio Channel

Reception

WCDMA Block Coding - CRC

l

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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WCDMA Channel Coding l Effect

[ Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when interference occurs [ Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay l Types

[ No Coding [ Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3) [ Turbo Coding (1/3)

Code Block of N Bits

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

No Coding

Uncoded N bits

1/2 Convolutional Coding

Coded 2N+16 bits

1/3 Convolutional Coding

Coded 3N+24 bits

1/3 Turbo Coding

Coded 3N+12 bits

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WCDMA Interleaving l Effect

[ Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error [ Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay

Input bits 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0  ...  ...  0

Inter Inter-column permutation

0 0  ...  ...  0

0

1

0 0 ... ... ... ... 1

1

1

0

0 0 ... ... ... ...

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

1

1

. . .

0 ... ...  1 1  0 ... ...  1 1 

1

Interleaving periods periods:: 20 , 40 , or 80 ms

0 0 … 0 1 0 … 1 0 0 … 1 0 … 1 1

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Output bits

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Servic e Signal

Servic e Signal

Sourc e Codin g

Channel Coding & Interleaving

Spreading

Modulation

bit

symbol

chip

modulated signal

Source Decodin g

Channel Decoding Despreadin & Deinterleaving g

Receiver

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Demodulatio n

Transmission

Radio Channel

Reception

Correlation l Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals. l Identical and Orthogonal signals:

C1 C2

+1 -1 +1 -1 +1

C1 C2

+1 -1 +1 +1

-1 1 -1 1 [ -1 1 -1 1 1 1 1 1

-1 1 -1 1 [ Correlation = 0 1 1 1 1 Orthogonal signals -1 1 -1 1

-1

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

Correlation = 1 Identical signals

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Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding UE1:

＋1

－1

UE2:

－1

＋1

C1 :

－1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 －1 ＋1

C2 :

＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1

UE1×c1 ：

－1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 －1

UE2×c2 ：

－1 －1 －1 －1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1

UE1×c1 ＋ UE2×c2 ：

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

－2

0 －2

0

＋2

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0 ＋2

0

Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding UE1×C1 ＋ UE2×C2:

－2

0 －2

UE1 Dispreading by c1:

－1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 －1 ＋1 －1 ＋1

Dispreading result:

＋2

Integral judgment:

＋ 4 (means ＋ 1) － 4 (means － 1)

0 ＋2

0

0

＋2

－2

0 ＋2

0 －2

0

0

UE2 Dispreading by c2:

＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1 ＋1

Dispreading result:

－2

Integral judgment:

－ 4 (means － 1)

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

0 －2

0

＋2

0

＋2

0

＋ 4 (means ＋ 1)

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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading P(f)

Spreading code P(f)

f

f Narrowband signal

P(f)

Broadband signal

f Noise & Other Signal

Recovered signal

Signal Combination

P(f)

f

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

Noise+Broadband signal P(f)

Spreading code

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f

Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

Eb / No = Ec / No ×PG

De sp re ad ing

Power

E bit Eb / No Requiremen t

Max allowed interference

Processing Gain

Interference from other UE

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

E chip

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Max interference caused by UE and others

Process Gain [ [ Pr ocess [

chip rate Gain = 10 log( ) bit rate

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Spreading Technology [ Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into chips [ Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal

Data symbol

Chips after spreading

channelization

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

scrambling

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WCDMA Channelization Code l OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used as

channelization code

Cch,4,0 = (1,1,1,1)

Cch,8,0 = (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) Cch,8,1 = (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)

Cch,2,0 = (1,1) Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,8,2 = (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1) Cch,8,3 = (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)

Cch,1,0 = (1) Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,8,4 = (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1) Cch,8,5 = (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)

Cch,2,1 = (1, -1) Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

Cch,8,6 = (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1) Cch,8,7 = (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)

SF = 1

SF = 2

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

SF = 4 All rights reserved

SF = 8

……

WCDMA Channelization Code

Radio bearer

SF

Radio bearer

SF

Speech 12.2 UL

64

Speech 12.2 DL

128

Data 64 kbps UL Data 128 kbps UL Data 144 kbps UL Data 384 kbps UL

16 8 8 4

Data 64 kbps DL Data 128 kbps DL Data 144 kbps DL Data 384 kbps DL

32 16 16 8

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Purpose of Channelization Code

[

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Purpose of Scrambling Code

[

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Scrambling Code l Scrambling code: GOLD sequence. l There are 224 long uplink scrambling codes which are used for

scrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by RNC. l For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used. 

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Primary Scrambling Code Group

Group 0 Group 1 …

…………

Primary scrambling codes for downlink physical channels

Group 63

Primary scrambling code 0 Primary scrambling code 1 …… Primary scrambling code 8 Primary scrambling code 8 * 63

……

512 primary scrambling codes H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

64 primary scrambling code groups All rights reserved

Primary scrambling code 8 * 63 + 7

Each group consists of 8 primary scrambling codes

Code Multiplexing

Scrambling code NodeB

Channelization code 1 User 1 signal Channelization code 2 User 2 signal Channelization code 3 User 3 signal

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Code Multiplexing

Scrambling code 1 Channelization code User 1 signal Scrambling code 2 Channelization code NodeB

User 2 signal Scrambling code 3 Channelization code User 3 signal

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Servic e Signal

Servic e Signal

Sourc e Codin g

Channel Coding & Interleaving

Spreading

Modulation

bit

symbol

chip

modulated signal

Source Decodin g

Channel Decoding Despreadin & Deinterleaving g

Receiver

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Demodulatio n

Transmission

Radio Channel

Reception

Modulation Overview Data to be transmitted: Digital Input

1

0

1

0 time

Basic steady radio wave: carrier = A.cos(2π Ft+φ ) Amplitude Shift Keying: A.cos(2π Ft+φ ) Frequency Shift Keying: A.cos(2π Ft+φ ) Phase Shift Keying: A.cos(2π Ft+φ )

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Modulation Overview

1 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

0

1

Information signal

t NRZ coding

Digital Input

1

t

-1 High Frequency Carrier

Carrier

1

2

3

4

5

6

BPSK Waveform

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

7

8

9

10

[= 0

[= π [= 0

All rights reserved

fo

Modulated BPSK signal

BPSK

Modulation Overview

NRZ Input

1

2

3

1

1

-1

4

5 1

6

-1

7 1

8

1

-1

9

10

-1

I di-Bit Stream

1

-1

-1

1

-1

Q di-Bit Stream

1

1

1

-1

-1

-1

I Component Q Component

QPSK Waveform 1 H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

2

3

4

5

6

All rights reserved

7

8

9

10

Modulation Overview ±A NRZ coding

±Acos([ ot) I(t)

fo 90o

Q(t) NRZ coding ±A

±Acos([ ot + [ /2)

QPSK :A 2 cos( ωo +φ) [ 1 1 −1 3π /4 −1 H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

1 −1

π /4 7π /4 1

−1

5π /4

All rights reserved

QPSK

Demodulation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1,-1

-1,-1

-1

-1

10

QPSK Waveform

1,1

NRZ Output

1

1

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

-1,1

-1,1

-1

1

-1

1

All rights reserved

1

-1

WCDMA Modulation l

R99/R4: QPSK

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAM

All rights reserved

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System Transmitter Servic e Signal

Servic e Signal

Sourc e Codin g

Channe l Coding

Spreading

Modulation

bit

symbol

chip

modulated signal

Sourc e Decodin g

Channel Decodin g

Despreadin g

Receiver

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Demodulatio n

Transmission

Radio Channel

Reception

Wireless Propagation Transmitted Signal

Amplitude

Transmission Loss: Path Loss + Multi-path Fading

Received Signal Time

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Propagation of Radio Signal Signal at Transmitter

20 15 10

dBm

5 0 -5 -10

dB

-15 -20

Signal at Receiver

0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40

Fading

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Fading Categories l Fading Categories

[ Slow Fading [ Fast Fading

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Diversity Technique

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Diversity

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Principle of RAKE Receiver Correlator 1 Correlator 2

Combiner

Receive set

The combined signal

Correlator 3 Calculate the time delay and signal strength

Searcher correlator s(t)

s(t)

t

t

RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi - path fading and enhance the receive performance of the system

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

UTRAN Network Structure Core Network

CN

CS

PS

Iu - CS

CS Iu - PS

PS

Iu - CS

RNS

Iu - PS

RNS Iur

RNC

RNC

UTRAN Iub NodeB

Iub

Iub

NodeB

NodeB

Uu

UE H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Iub NodeB

Uu Interface Protocol Structure GC

Nt

DC

Duplication avoidance GC

Nt

DC U-plane information

control

RRC

UuS boundary

L3 radio bearer

control

control

control

control

C-plane signaling

PDCP PDCP

RLC

RLC

RLC

RLC RLC

RLC RLC

L2 / PDCP BMC

L2 / BMC

RLC

L2 / RLC logical channel

MAC

L2 / MAC transport channel

PHY H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

L1

RAB, RB and RL

RAB RB

RNC

UE RL

NodeB

UTRAN

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

CN

Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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WCDMA Radio Interface Channel Definition

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Logical Channel

Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) Common traffic channel (CTCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCCH) Paging control channel (PCCH) Dedicate control channel (DCCH) Common control channel (CCCH)

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Traffic channel

Control channel

Logical Channel

Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) Common traffic channel (CTCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCCH) Paging control channel (PCCH) Dedicate control channel (DCCH) Common control channel (CCCH)

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Traffic channel

Control channel

Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel

(DCH)

Broadcast channel (BCH) Forward access channel (FACH) Paging channel (PCH) Random access channel (RACH) High-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH)

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

All rights reserved

Dedicated transport channel

Common transport channel

Physical Channel l A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code

(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase. l In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading

code) can distinguish the channels. l Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio

frame consists of 15 time slots. l Two types of physical channel: UL and DL

Physical Channel

Frequency, Code, Phase

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Downlink Physical Channel lDownlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH) lDownlink Common Physical Channel

[Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) [Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH) [Synchronization Channel (SCH) [Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) [Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) [Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) [High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) [High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

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Uplink Physical Channel l Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

[ Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH) [ Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH) [ High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH) l Uplink Common Physical Channel

[ Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

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Function of Physical Channel Cell Search Channels PP--CPICH CPICH---Primary Primary Common Common Pilot Pilot Channel Channel SCH-SCH--Synchronisation Synchronisation Channel Channel

PP--CCPCH CCPCH--Primary Primary Common Common Control Control Physical Physical Channel Channel

Paging Channels PICH PICH---Paging Paging Indicator Indicator Channel Channel SCCPCH SCCPCH---Secondary Secondary Common Common Control Control Physical Physical Channel Channel

Random Access Channels

NodeB

AICH AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator Indicator Channel Channel AICH---Acquisition PRACH PRACH---Physical Physical Random Random Access Access Channel Channel

Dedicated Channels DPDCH DPDCH---Dedicated Dedicated Physical Physical Data Data Channel Channel DPCCH DPCCH---Dedicated Dedicated Physical Physical Control Control Channel Channel

High Speed Downlink Share Channels HS HS--SCCH SCCH---High High Speed Speed Share Share Control Control Channel Channel HS HS--PDSCH PDSCH---High High Speed Speed Physical Physical Downlink Downlink Share Share Channel Channel HS HS--DPCCH DPCCH---High High Speed Speed Dedicated Dedicated Physical Physical Control Control Channel Channel

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UE

Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH) Used for cell search l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH l SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of every time slot

lPrimary synchronization code is transmitted

l

Slot # 0

Primary SCH Secondary SCH

ac

p

ac si,0

repeatedly in each time slot lSecondary synchronization code specifies the

scrambling code groups of the cell

Slot # 1

ac

p

ac si,1

256 chips 2560 chips One 10 ms SCH radio frame

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Slot # 14

ac

p

ac si,14

Secondary Synchronization Channel (SSCH) Scrambling Code Group Group 0 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 … Group 61 Group 62 Group 63

#0

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

slot number #6 #7 #8

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 2 2

2 5 1 3 16

8 16 15 1 6

9 7 5 8 6

10 3 5 6 11

15 14 12 5 15

8 16 16 2 5

10 3 6 5 12

16 10 11 8 1

2 5 2 4 15

7 12 16 4 12

15 14 11 6 16

7 12 15 3 11

16 10 12 7 2

9 9 9

10 11 12

13 12 10

10 15 15

11 12 13

15 9 14

15 13 9

9 13 14

16 11 15

12 14 11

14 10 11

13 16 13

16 15 12

14 14 16

11 16 10

Slot # ? Slot # ?

#10 #11 #12 #13 #14

Slot # ?

P - SCH

ac

ac

ac

p

p

p

S - SCH

16

6

11

l……..

256 chips

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#9

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Group 2 Slot 7, 8, 9

Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH) l Primary PCPICH

[ Carrying pre-defined sequence [ Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0 , Fixed rate 30Kbps [ Scrambled by the primary scrambling code [ Broadcast over the entire cell [ A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and downlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell

Pre - defined symbol sequence T slot = 2560 chips , 20 bits

Slot # 0

Slot # 1

Slot # i 1 radio frame : T r = 10 ms

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Slot #14

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) l Carrying BCH transport channel l Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps ， Cch, 256, 1 ) l The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time

slot

256 chips PCCPCH

SCH

18

Data

bits

T = 2560 chips , 20 bits slot

Slot # 0

Slot # 1

Slot # i 1 radio frame : T f= 10 ms

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Slot # 14

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) l Carrying Paging Indicators (PI) l Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256 l N paging indicators {PI0, …, PIN-1 } in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,

or 144

288 bits for paging indication b0 b1

b 287 b 288

One radio frame ( 10 ms )

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12 bits ( undefined )

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b 299

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) l Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4

[ Pilot: used for demodulation [ TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe data format

N

TFCI TFCI

Data bits

N

Data

bits

Pilot N

Pilot

bits

k T slot= 2560 chips , 20 * 2 bits ( k = 0 .. 6 )

Slot # 0

Slot # 1

Slot # i 1 radio frame : T f= 10 ms

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Slot # 14

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Preamble

Preamble

Preamble

4096 chips

Preamble

Message part 10 ms ( one radio frame )

Preamble

Preamble

4096 chips

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

Message part 20 ms ( two radio frames )

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PRACH Message Structure

Data

Data

N data bits Pilot

Control

N

Pilot

TFCI bits

N

TFCI

bits

k2 ( k = 0 .. 3 ) Tslot = 2560 chips , 10 *bits

Slot # 0 Slot # 1

Slot # i

Message part radio frame T = 10 ms

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Slot # 14

PRACH Access Timeslot Structure radio frame : 10 ms

radio frame : 10 ms

5120 chips

#1 Access slot # 0 Access slot # 1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

#8

#9

#10

#11

#12

#13

#14

Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission

Access slot # 7 Access slot # 8

Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission

Access slot # 14

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Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

AI part a0 a1 a2

AS # 14

AS # 0

Unused part a 30 a 31 a 32 a 33

AS # 1

AS # i 20 ms

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a 38 a 39

AS # 14

AS # 0

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

l

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Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

Data N data bits

DPDCH DPCCH

Pilot N pilot bits

TFCI N TFCI bits

FBI N FBI bits

TPC N TPC bits

T slot = 2560 chips , 10 * 2 k bits ( k = 0 .. 6 )

Slot # 0 Slot # 1

Slot # i 1 radio frame : T f

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

Slot # 14 = 10 ms

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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

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Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

DPCCH

DPDCH Data1 N data1 bits

TPC N TPC bits

DPDCH TFCI N TFCI bits

Data2 N data2 bits

DPCCH Pilot N pilot bits

T slot = 2560 chips , 20 * 2 k bits ( k =- 1 .. 6 )

Slot # 0

Slot # 1

Slot # i One radio frame , T f = 10 ms

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Slot # 14

High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) l Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from the

transport channel l SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service

Data N data1 bits T slot = 2560 chips , M * 10 * 2 k bits ( k = 4 )

Slot # 0

Slot # 1 1 subframe : T f = 2 ms

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Slot # 2

High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH) l Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation

scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size (6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit) l HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission

Data N data1 bits T slot = 2560 chips , 40 bits

Slot # 0

Slot # 1 1 subframe : T f = 2 ms

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Slot # 2

High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH ) l Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and

feedback information to the system for scheduling and link adaptation of transport block [ CQI and ACK/NACK l Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256

Tslot = 2560 chips

2[ Tslot = 5120 chips

ACK/NACK

CQI One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )

Subframe #0

Subframe #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

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Subframe #n

Mapping Between Channels Logical channels BCCH

Transport channels

Physical channels

BCH

P - CCPCH

FACH

S - CCPCH

PCCH

PCH

S - CCPCH

CCCH

RACH

PRACH

FACH

S - CCPCH

FACH

S - CCPCH

CTCH DCCH , DTCH

DCH HS - DSCH RACH , FACH

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DPDCH HS - PDSCH PRACH , S - CCPCH

Contents l 3G Overview l CDMA Principle l WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure l WCDMA Wireless Fundamental l Physical Layer Overview l Physical Channels l Physical Layer Procedure

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search

Slot Synchronization

Frame synchronization & Code Group Identification

Scrambling Code Identification

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

UE uses PSC to acquire slot synchronization to a cell

UE uses SSC to find frame synchronization and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step

UE determines the primary scrambling code through correlation over the PCPICH with all codes within the identified group, and then detects the P-CCPCH and reads BCH information 。

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Random Access Procedure

START

Choose a RACH sub channel from available ones

Get available signatures

Set

Set

No AI Choose a access slot again Choose a signature and increase preamble transmit power

Preamble Retrans Max

Preamble_Initial_Power

Send a preamble

Check the corresponding AI

Get negative AI

Get positive AI Increase message part power by p - m based on preamble power

The counter of preamble retransmit Subtract 1 , Commanded preamble power Send the corresponding message part increased by Power Ramp Step

Y

Counter > 0 & Preamble power < maximum allowed power N Set physical status to be Nack on AICH received

Set physical status to be RACH message transmitted Report the physical status to MAC

END

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Set physical status to be Nack on AICH received

Transmit Diversity Mode

Physical channel type P-CCPCH SCH S-CCPCH DPCH PICH HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH

Open loop mode TSTD STTD – applied applied – – applied – applied – applied – applied – applied

Closed loop mode Mode 1 Mode 2 – – – – – – applied applied – – applied – – –

AICH

–

–

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applied

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–

Transmit Diversity - STTD

b0 b1 b2 b3

Antenna 1

b0 b1 b2 b3 Channel bits

-b2 b3 b0 -b1 Antenna 2

STTD encoded channel bits for antenna 1 and antenna 2.

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

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Transmit Diversity - TSTD

Slot # 0

Antenna 1

Antenna 2

Slot # 1

Slot # 2

Slot # 14

acp

(Tx OFF OFF))

acp

acp

acsi,0

(Tx OFF OFF))

acsi,2

acsi,14

(Tx OFF OFF))

acp

(Tx OFF OFF))

(Tx OFF OFF))

(Tx OFF OFF))

acsi,1

(Tx OFF OFF))

(Tx OFF OFF))

H U A W E I T E C H N O LO G IE S C O ., LT D .

i,1

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Closed Loop Mode

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