Water Hammer

Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co. Engineer's Handbook of Water Hammer Arresters

P.O. Box 3237 Montgomery, AL 36109-0237 P: 334-277-8520 F: 334-272-7396 www.jrsmith.com

SMITH ® g:

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NEW

Stainless Steel Bellow Units and a Generation of Innovative Piston Units

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

Table of Contents

Page 1 .................................................................................................................................. Index Page 2 ..............................................................................................Conversions and Equivalents Page 3,4 ................................ Engineered Mechanical Water Hammer Arresters Technical Data Page 5................................................................ Design, Construction and Operation Hydrotrols Page 6,7 ........................................................ Sizing and Placement of Water Hammer Arresters Page 8......................................................Stainless Steel Bellows Type Water Hammer Arresters Page 9 ......................................................................................5005 to 5050 Hydrotrol Submittal Page 10 ..................................................................................5060 Hy-Duty Hydrotrol Submittal Page 11 ..............................................................................Piston Type Water Hammer Arresters Page 12 ..................................................................................520-T Series Piston Type Submittal Page 13................................................................................520-SC Series Piston Type Submittal Page 14 ............................................................................................Fixture Unit Demand Charts Page 15 ..........................................................Pipe Sizing Data for Copper Tubing-Smooth Pipe Page 16................................................................................Pipe Sizing Data-Fairly Smooth Pipe Page 17 ................................................................................Pipe Sizing Data-Fairly Rough Pipe Page 18 ............................................................................................Pipe Sizing Data-Rough Pipe Page 19 ........................................................................................................ Kinetic Energy Chart Page 20 .................................................................................................... Questions and Answers

SMITH ® JAY R.

SMITH MFG. CO.

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POST OFFICE BOX 3237 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36109-0237 (USA) TEL: 334-277-8520 FAX: 334-272-7396 www.jrsmith.com

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DIVISION OF SMITH INDUSTRIES, INC.

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1

CONVERSIONS AND EQUIVALENTS WEIGHT OF WATER 1 Cubic Inch = 12 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot = 1 Cubic Foot = 1 U.S. Gallon = 1 Imperial Gallon= TEMPERTURE Celsius (Centigrade) Fahrenheit TO METRIC Known

SQUARE MEASURE EQUIVALENTS 144 Square Inches = 1 Square Foot 9 Square Feet = 1 Square Yard 30.25 Square Yards = 1 Square Rod 160 Square Yards = 1 Acre 640 Acres = 1 Square Mile

.0360 Pound .433 Pound 62.3 Pounds 7.48 U.S. Gallons 8.33 Pounds 10.0 Pounds

CUBIC MEASURE EQUIVALENTS 1728 Cubic Inches = 1 Cubic Foot 27 Cubic Feet = 1 Cubic Yard

X 9/5 ths, + 32 -32 X 5/9 ths

Multiply By

To Obtain

TO U.S. STANDARD Known

Multiply By

To Obtain

0.04 0.4 3.3 0.62

Inches Inches Feet Miles

LENGTH Inches Foot Yards Miles

2.54 30 0.91 1.6

Centimeters Centimeters Meters Kilometers

LENGTH Millimeters Centimeters Meters Kilometers

AREA Sq. Inches Sq. Feet Sq. Yards Sq. Miles Acres

6.5 0.09 0.8 2.6 0.4

Sq. Centimeters Sq. Meters Sq. Meters Sq. Kilometers Hectares

AREA Sq. Centimeters Sq. Meters Sq. Meters Sq. Kilometers Hectares

0.16 10.7638 1.2 0.4 2.47

Sq. Inches Sq. Feet Sq. Yards Sq. Miles Acres

0.035 2.2 1.1

Ounces Pounds Short Ton

2.1 1.06 0.26 35 1.3

Pints Quarts Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Yards

MASS Ounces Pounds Short Ton

28 0.45 0.9

Grams Kilograms Metric Ton

MASS Grams Kilograms Metric Ton

VOLUME Pints Quarts Gallons Cubic Feet Cubic Yards

0.47 0.95 3.8 0.03 0.76

Liters Liters Liters Cubic Meters Cubic Meters

VOLUME Liters Liters Liters Cubic Meters Cubic Meters

Flow Equivalents 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

cu. ft. per sec. = cu. ft. per min. = gal. per min. = gal. per hr. = gal. per 24 hr. = lb. H2O per min. = lb. H2O per hr. =

Cu. Ft. per sec. 1 1/60 0.002228 3713x10-5 1547x10-6 2673x10-3 4455x10-5

Cu. Ft. U.S. Gallons per min. per min. 60 448.83 1 7.4805 0.1337 1 0.002280 1/60 9283x10-5 6944x10-4 0.01604 0.1200 2673x10-3 0.0020

U.S. Gallons per hr. 26,929.9 448.83 60 1 1/24 7.1986 0.1200

U.S. Gallons per 24 hr. 646,316.8 10,771.2 1440 24 1 172.7658 2.8794

Lb. H2O per min. 3741.00 62.35 8.3350 0.1389 0.005788 1 1/60

Lb. H2O per hr. 224,460 3741.00 500 8.3350 0.3473 60 1

EXPONENTIAL METHOD OF EXPRESSING NUMBERS For convenience in writing & manipulation, numbers are often expressed as factors of appropriate powers of 10. The figures: 10-1 10-2 10-3 101 102 103 Denote 0.1 0.01 0.001 10 100 1000 Respectively

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SMITH ®

ENGINEERED MECHANICAL WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

DEFINITION Water Hammer is a term used to define the destructive forces, pounding noises, and vibrations which develop in a piping system when a column of non-compressible liquid flowing through a pipe line at a given pressure and velocity is stopped abruptly. The tremendous forces generated at the point of impact or stoppage can be compared in effect to that of an explosion.

SHOCK INTENSITY Quick valve closure is defined as the closure time equal to or less than 2L seconds. This will cause maximum pressure rise. This pressure rise a can be calculated by using Joukowsky’s formula.

CAUSE AND EFFECT

PR - pressure rise above flow pressure in pounds per square inch W- the specific weight of liquid, pounds per cubic feet (62.4 for water) a -the velocity of pressure wave, feet per second (4,000 to 4,500 feet per second average for water) V -the change of velocity - feet per second g- acceleration due to gravity - Ft./Sec. 2 (32.2) L - the length of pipe in feet from point of valve closure to point of relief

Water Hammer is caused by the quick closing of electrial, pneumatic or spring-loaded valves as well as quick hand closure of fixture trim. Modern plumbing fixtures use qick closing handle trim and single lever faucets, which tend to increase the possibility to water hammer problems. Therefore, it is imperative that protection against water hammer is designed into the original water distribution system of all buildings. Water flowing through a pipe has a definite amount of energy of flow. This is known as kinetic energy and can be calculated by using the formula: 2 KE = MV 2g

When the flow of water in a system is abruptly stopped, this kinetic energy must be absorbed. In an unprotected piping system this energy is dissipated by straining and expanding the piping and various components in the system and is accompanied by a dangerous pressure rise in the system. Fig. 1 illustrates the sequence of flow when a valve or quick closing is suddenly closed. Fig.1 (a) depicts water discharging freely through a quick closing valve. Fig. 1 (b) shows the piping after quick closure. Water, being non-compressible, piles up against the seat of the quick closeing valve and a shock wave is created which rebounds back and forth in the piping system. Fig. 1 (c) indicates the shock wave rebounding all the way to the main or some point of relief. At the point of relief there is a reversal in pressure wave and it travels back toward the point of closure. This sequence of pressure wave generation continues until it is dampened out and the energy is dissipated.

(A)

Quick Closing Valve TYPICAL HIGH PRESSURE RISE IN SYSTEM UNPROTECTED AS SEEN ON AN OSCILLOGRAPH

(B)

(PSI)

Point of relief is a larger mass of water in the system to which the branch is connected. Point of relief could be a larger diameter main or riser, water tank or hot water boiler. Quick closure can produce an approximate pressure rise of 60 times the velocity of flow. Most systems are designed to have flow velocities between 5 and 10 feet per second. Therefore, shock pressures can range between 300 and 600 pounds per square inch. Fig. 1 shows the unprotected system which was subjected to quick closure.

KE - kinetic energy M - mass of water which is flowing V - velocitry of flow g - acceleration due to gravity - 32.2 Ft./Sec.2

(Connected to Oscillograph)

PR = WaV 144g

480 P.S.I. Peak

Shock waves of the magnitube shown can cause tremendous damage and inconvenience. Water distribution systems unprotected against the destructive forces of water hammer can cause:

.. .. .. . .

Ruptured piping Offensive noise and vibration Damaged water meter Damage and possible rupture of tanks and water heaters Leaks at threaded connections Damaged valves Damaged to various pressure regulartors, gauges, and any other miscellaneous equipment in the system Loss of business and goodwill when vital services must be curtailed for any of the reasons listed above

The destructive forces of water hammer working progressively on a system can cause premature failure of the piping, equipment, and controls. SAFE LIMITS OF PRESSURE RISE Most plumbing valves and fittings are designed for 150 pound maximum working pressure; therefore, it is desirable that the pressure rise due to quick closure be kept under the 150 pound per square inch figure. YOU CAN’T ALWAYS “HEAR” WATER HAMMER

(C)

Fig. 1

It is commonly thought that water hammer exists only when accompanied by hammering sounds and rattling noises. This is not necessarily so. Water hammer can occur without any audible sound or vibration. Under these conditions the piping system is still subjected to the destructive forces of water hammer and the resultant damage.

The shock wave created by a quick closure travels through the piping system from the point of closure to the point of relief at approximately 4,000 to 4,500 feet per second. 3

AIR CHAMBERS MUST BE CONSTANTLY MAINTAINED -Air chambers vary quickly become water logged and must be constantly maintained if they are to offer even minimal amount of protection. Recharing often can be accomplished only by draining the complete system. This type of maintenance on a periodic basis is very expensive and in most building is impossible to perform, since the water supply system cannot be shut down.

CONTROL OF WATER HAMMER The old conventional method of controlling water hammer has been the “pipe capped air chamber.” Unforturately, this antiquated method is still used, even though the air chamber cannot control water hammer due to many inherent limitations. Traditionally, air chambers have been installed using random lengths of pipe, usually the same nominal size as the branch to which they are connected. Air chambers are found to be as short as just several inches to a maximum of 18 inches as specified in some codes.

The Solution

S. M. Dawson and A. A. Kalinske of the Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research in their Technical Bulletin #3, titled “WATER SUPPLY PIPING FOR THE PLUMBING SYSTEM” determined after a series of tests, the recommended volume of air chambers for various conditions of pipe size, length of run, flow pressure and velocity. Table 1 indicates some of their recommendations.

REQUIRED AIR CHAMBER Nominal FLOW Volume Diameter Hight Pipe Dia. Conditions Cu. In. 1/2 Length Pipe 30 3/4 56.7” 3/4 50 Ft. 50 1 58.2” 1 Flow Pressure 75 1 1/4 50” 1 1/4 60 P.S.I.G. 110 1 1/2 54” 1 1/2 Velocity 170 2 50.5” 2 10 Ft./Sec. 300 3 40.5”

SMITH HYDROTROL An Engineered, Mechanical WAT E R H A M M E R A R R E S T E R The extreme limitations of the air chamber have been conclusively proven and documented by independent testing laboratories and university researchers. Therefore, it must be concluded that the only modern means of protection of the water distribution system from the destructive forces of water hammer is the installation of an “Engineered, Mechanical Water Hammer Arrester.”

FAILURE Exceeded 150 P.S.I.G. Total 1st Hour 2nd Day 1st Hour 3rd Day 1st Hour 2nd Day 1st Hour 2nd Day 1st Hour 1st Day 1st Hour 2nd Day

Table 1 Extremely large air chambers are necessary to temporarily control water hammer shock to acceptable levels. It may be concluded that “ideally sized air chambers” are excessive in size. Therefore, the usual short air chamber made of random length pieces of pipe offers extremely limited protection. It is also interesting to note that in sizing the “ideal air chamber” the pipe diameter of the chamber is increased one nominal size so that the necessary volume can be attained. AIR CHAMBERS OFFER ONLY TEMPORARY PROTECTION Pipe capped air chambers quickly become water logged (completely filled with water) and are rendered ineffective in the system. Conclusive tests performed at an independent testing laboratory prove that even “ideally sized air chambers” (sized by the Dawson and Kelinske method) will quickly become water logged and ineffective. Table 1 also shows some typical results of tests run on “ideally sized air chambers.” All air chambers show in the table failed within the first hour. The unit was considered as having failed when it allowed the pressure rise in the system to go above 150 P.S.I.G. The same air chambers were completely water logged within three days. This is conclusive and documented proof that air chambers very quickly become water logged and offer no protection to the system against the destructive forces of water hammer. AIR CHAMBERS LOSE MOST OF THEIR INITIAL AIR VOLUME WHEN STATIC WATER PURESSURE IS APPLIED Most of the air change in a newly changed air chamber is depleted when the initial pressure is turned on the system. Fig. 2 shows a fully changed air chamber with no pressure applied to the system. When water pressure is applied to the system, the amount of air change loss is dependent in the magnitude of the static water pressure. As an example, an air chamber subjected to intial pressure of 45 pounds per square inch will lose 75% of its intial air volume.

V

2

Air Change (no Static pressure)

V = remaining air change after static water pressure is applied 2

COMPARITIVE ENDURANCE TEST MAX SURGE PRESSURE (P.S.I.G.)

Fig. 2

SMALL IN SIZE HYDROTROL shown is certified to out perform excessively large “Ideally Sized Air Chamber”

300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100

AM AIR CH

AIR C

0

.1 NO BER

ER MB HA

1000

2000

.2 NO

HYDROTROL

3000

HIGH IN PERFORMANCE Limits pressure use to under 150 P.S.I.

4000

5000 6000

7000

8000

9000 10,000

PERMANET PERFORMANCE HYDROTROL continues to function for the life-time of the piping.

The Smith HYDROTROL is a device which offers positive protection. HYDROTROLS are completely described on the following pages.

4

Design • Construction • Operation Built to last without mechanical failure or material deterioration, the HYDROTROL unit is constructed entirely of stainless steel.

Stainless steel construction combined with unique engineered design make HYDROTROL -

•Compact in size •Big in performance •Maximum capacity •Light-weight - needs no support straps •Requires no service or maintenance •Extremely durable - May be installed in concealed areas

HYDROTROL uses heavy duty balanced expansion bellows to internally absorb the hydrostatic shock pressure occurring in water lines. These bellows are both pneumatically and hydraulically controlled in a pressurized expansion chamber so that they never come into metal to metal contact with other parts of the unit, and cannot be subjected to excessive stresses or strains which might cause metal fatigue and bellows failure.

Bellows in normal position

• • • •

Pressurized compression chamber charged and factory sealed. Controls bellows expansion under normal water-line pressure so that full expansion capacity is available to control shock.

Welded Nesting–Type Expansion Bellows In-Line Design–Direct action type bellows respond instantly to control shock pressure. Threaded Nipple Connection–Threads directly into tee. With HYDROTROL'S in-line design, expansion bellows are an integral part of the waterline, so that they respond instantaneously in absorbing and controlling hydrostatic shock. A pressurized compression chamber provides a pneumatic cushion that governs the bellows' expansion under normal waterline pressure, so that the full bellows expansion capacity is available for controlling hydrostatic shock. The bellows are of balanced design and construction with heavier and stronger convolutions positioned in the bellows assembly to insure each convolution expanding evenly and equally, thereby providing the maximum surface area for absorbing and dissipating the shock pressure into the pneumatic cushion.

Unit absorbing shock

•

As shock occurs, bellows expand, creating a pneumatic pressure cushion which absorbs and controls shock.

•

Bellows in expanded position due to the hydrostatic shock in the system. As hydrostatic shock occurs, these pressures cause the bellows to expand into the pneumatic cushion of the compression chamber. This expanding movement of the bellows provides the displacement required to absorb and control the shock pressure generated in the line. The force of the shock expanding the bellows creates a self-energizing pneumatic pressure, which prevents the bellows from over-expanding and coming into contact with the top of the compression chamber. The combined cushioning effect of both the pneumatic and hydraulic pressures governs the bellows action, so that shock waves do not bounce back into the piping system and acts to quickly stabilize the water and piping system.

5

SIZING AND PLACEMENT OF HYDROTROLS All Sizing and Placement Data is in Accordance with Plumbing and Drainage Institute Standard PDI WH-201 SIZING - Single and Multiple Fixture Branch Lines

P.D.I. "C" (Fig. 5020) P.D.I. "A" (Fig. 5005)

Most engineers employ the fixture unit method of sizing water piping systems. Smith uses the P.D.I. simplified method of sizing HYDROTROLS based on fixture unit weight. The correct size HYDROTROL can therefore be specified and located at the same time that the pipe sizes are determined. Table 1 indicates the fixture unit weights for most popular plumbing fixtures and is based upon information offered in the National Plumbing Code. Certain local codes may vary and should be reviewed prior to using Table 1.

Fixture Water Closet Water Closet Pedestal Urinal Stall or Wall Urinal Stall or Wall Urinal Lavatory Bathtub Shower Head Bathroom Group Bathroom Group Separate Shower Service Sink Laundry Tubs (1-3) Combination Fixture

Weight in Fixture Units Public Private C.W. H.W. C.W. H.W. 10 6 5 3 10 5 3 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1 2 3 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 3 1 2 8 3 6 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3

Type of Supply Control Flush Valve Flush Tank Flush Valve Flush Valve Flush Tank Faucet Faucet Mixing Valve Flush Valve Closet Flush Tank Closet Mixing Valve Faucet Faucet Faucet

Example 2

Find fixture unit weight of each fixture using Table 1. Total the fixture unit weights for both hot and cold water branches. Cold Water Branch 2 WC. at 10 F.U. ea. .....= 20 2 Ur. at 5 F.U. ea.............. = 10 Hot Water Branch 4 Lav. at 1 1/2 F.U. ea. = 6 .... 4 Lav. at 1 1/2 F.U. ea. = 6 Total 36 Total 6 Select P.D.I. "C" unit Select P.D.I. "A" unit Select correct size HYDROTROL using Table 2. Cold Water Branch Hot Water Branch Fig. 5020 Fig. 5005 PLACEMENT It has been established that the preferred location for the water hammer arrester is at the end of the branch line between the last two fixtures served. Riser

Table 1

HYDROTROL

Table 2 indicates fixture unit ratings for P.D.I. certified water hammer arrester categories and the corresponding Smith HYDROTROL for each category. Where several fixtures are installed in a branch usually only one fixture valve at a time will be closed. Table 2 takes into consideration other design factors including the simultaneous usage of one or more fixtures, pipe size, length, flow pressure and velocity. Therefore, this method offers a simple fast determination of the proper size water hammer arrester for a given battery of plumbing fixtures.

Typical Branch Line

HYDROTROL SIZING TABLE P.D.I. LSYMBOLS HYDROTROL Fixture Unit Rating

A 5005

B 5010

C 5020

D 5030

E 5040

F 5050

1-11

12-32

33-60

61-113

114-154

155-330

Two basic rules were established - one for branches up to 20 ft. in length, and another for branches over 20 ft. in length. Rule 1

UP TO 20 FT X

NOTE: When Water Pressure in line exceeds 65 psi, specify the next larger Hydrotrol.

Table 2 LPlumbing and Drainage Institute established these size symbols to correspond to those units covered by the Certification and Testing Program described in P.D.I. Standard Manual WH-201. SIZING

P.D.I. "B" (Fig. 5010) P.D.I. "A" (Fig. 5005)

Rule 1, covers multiple fixture branch lines which do not exceed 20 ft. in length. Hydrotrol Sizing Table 2 is used to select the required unit. Rule 2 OVER 20 FT Y

X

Example 1

Find fixture unit weight of each fixture using Table 1. Total the fixture units weights for both hot and cold branches. Cold Water Branch 2 WC. at 10 F.U. ea. = 20 Hot Water Branch 4 Lav. at 1 1/2 F.U. ea. = 6 4 Lav. at 1 1/2 F.U. ea. = 6 Total 26 Total 6 Select P.D.I. "B" Unit Select P.D.I. "A" unit Select correct size HYDROTROL using Table 2. Cold Water Branch Hot Water Branch Fig. 5010 Fig. 5005

6

Rule 2, covers multiple fixture branch lines which do exceed 20 ft. in length. Hydrotrol Sizing Table 2 is used to select the required units. The sum of the Fixture Unit Ratings of units X and Y shall be equal to or greater than the demand of the branch.

EXAMPLE OF RULE 1

EXAMPLE OF SIZING AND PLACEMENT

LONG RUNS OF PIPING TO SINGLE FIXTURES, APPLIANCES OR EQUIPMENT

UP TO 20 FT

Table 3 indicates the size HYDROTROL required for long runs of piping which feed a single remote fixture or appliance. HYDROTROL unit should be sized by using Table 3 and located as close to the point of quick closure as possible.

"B" "A"

Quick Closure Valve HYDROTROL

Cold Water Branch = 26 Fixture Units Requires P.D.I. Unit “B” or Fig. 5010 Hot Water Branch = 6 Fixture Units Requires P.D.I. Unit “A” or Fig. 5005 EXAMPLE OF RULE 2

Long Run of Piping

OVER 20 FT

"B"

"B" "A"

"A"

Shock

Cold Water Branch = 52 Fixture Units Requires two P.D.I. Units “B” or two Fig. 5010 Hot Water Branch = 12 Fixture Units Requires two P.D.I. Units “A” or two Fig. 5005

LENGTH OF PIPE 25 50

PLACEMENT ON EXTRA LONG BATTERIES It is recommended that for extra long branches (in excess of 40' in length), the water supply should tie into the branch at some mid-point location. The example shows a branch of approximately 60' in length which can be fed at some mid-point location; thus applying Rules #1 and #2 at either side of the feed line for sizing and placement. EXAMPLE OF RULES 1 AND 2

75 100 125 150

UP TO 20 FT

OVER 20 FT

"C"

"B"

"B"

HYDROTROL SELECTION CHART NOMINAL PIPE SIZE 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1 1/4" 1 1/2" 5005 5005 5010 5020 5030 5005 5010 5020 5030 5040 1-5005 5010 5020 5030 5050 1-5040 1-5020 5020 5030 5040 5050 1-5050 1-5005 1-5040 5020 5030 5050 1-5050 1-5050 1-5030 5030 5040 5050 2-5050 1-5050

2" 5040 5050 1-5040 1-5050 2-5050 1-5040 2-5050 3-5050

Table 3

Note: Table 3 shows lengths of run of branch piping. The length of run used should be the length of the pipe from the point of valve closure to a point of relief, such as a large pipe twice the size of the branch line, main line or water tank.

Up to 20 ft. - Cold Water Branch = 60 Fixture Units Requires P.D.I. Unit "C" or Fig. 5020 Over 20 ft. - Cold Water Branch = 60 Fixture Units Requires two P.D.I. Units "B" or two Fig. 5010

All sizing recommendations shown in Table 3 are based on an operating water pressure of 65 PSI or under and an average velocity between 5 and 10 feet per second. If operating pressures are over 65 PSI use the next larger HYDROTROL unit. When pressures are anticipated above 85 PSI a pressure reducing valve is recommended.

SIZING AND PLACEMENT IN MULTI-STORY BUILDINGS By using Rules #1 and #2 almost every battery situation can be sized and the HYDROTROLS properly located. Fig. 1 shows the method of sizing and placement in a typical multi-story building which has a great variety of fixtures and fixture locations. BRANCH

Outlet

SIZING EXAMPLE

F.U. HYDROTROL

C.W.

36

5020

H.W.

6

5005

HYDROTROL

5TH FL. BRANCH

Quick Closure Valve

F.U. HYDROTROL

C.W.

47 1/2

5020

H.W.

7 1/2

5005

4TH FL. C.W. H.W. H.W. CIRC

BRANCH H.W. LINE BRANCH C.W. LINE

Open Tank

OVER 20'

BRANCH

F.U. HYDROTROL

C.W.

64

2-5010

H.W.

9

2-5005

3rd FL. OVER 20'

BRANCH

F.U. HYDROTROL

C.W.

65

2-5020

H.W.

15

2-5005

2nd FL. OVER 20' FIG 5020

FIG 5020

BRANCH C.W.

F.U. HYDROTROL 110

2-5020

CONDITIONS: Pipe Size ...............................1 1/4" Length of Run ......................100 ft. Flow Pressure ................53 P.S.I.G. Velocity .............................8 ft./sec.

1st FL.

Fig. 1

RECOMMENDATION: Smith Fig. 5050 HYDROTROL installed as shown

7

STAINLESS STEEL BELLOWS TYPE WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS ALL STAINLESS STEEL Smith’s bellows arresters are constructed entirely of 304 stainless steel for maximum corrosion resistance and decades of reliable operation. This construction eliminates the possibility of galvanic corrosion between dissimilar materials within the structure of the arrester. ALL-WELDED CONSTRUCTION There are no o-ring seals, crimp joints, or other “weak links” in the structure. All joints are gas-tungsten arc welded (GTAW) or resistance welded stainless steel to stainless steel. This construction results in a burst pressure greater than 2000 psi, giving a margin of safety over 13 times the maximum operating pressure of a typical 150 psi water system. TOTALLY METALLIC, WELDED STAINLESS STEEL GAS CHARGE CONTAINMENT The goal of an engineered water hammer arrester is long life, and this can only be achieved by absolute containment of the gas charge. In the Smith arrester, the gas charge is completely enveloped in stainless steel. From the outer containment to the highly flexible, edge welded bellows, the gas charge is confined in an impermeable metallic enclosure.

WELDED GAS CHARGE SEAL As with all other aspects of the design, the fill point is also welded closed with stainless steel for permanency. 100 PERCENT TESTED ON HELIUM MASS SPECTROMETER 10,000 TIMES MORE SENSITIVE THAN A BUBBLE TEST—MEANS PERMANENT GAS CHARGE, NO LEAK DOWN. EVERY WELD AND EVERY SURFACE OF GAS CONTAINMENT IS LEAK TESTED To assure that every inch of weld and every surface of bellows and outer containment is leak-free, Smith bellows arresters are tested with the most sensitive leak detection method possible— the helium-sensitive mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer can detect a leak so small that it would take ten years to form a bubble the size of a pea. This technique, used on aerospace products, gives the maximum assurance possible of leak-free gas charge containment. GAS CHARGE INERT DRY NITROGEN AND DRY HELIUM MIX FOR MAXIMUM STABILITY While other arresters are charged with air, Smith’s bellows arresters are charged with a dry nitrogen/dry helium mix. This affords maximum stability in surge absorption under all operating conditions, and gives us a small trace of helium to perform our leak test. TOTALLY DRY DESIGN; NO OIL IN GAS CHARGE—NO POSSIBLE CONTAMINATION Early arrester designs incorporated mineral oil in with the gas charge to fill up excess volume. Without this, the older arresters had very limited surge absorption. Through a highly efficient design, Smith’s arresters are “dry,” in that they contain no oil. This is significant in that should a bellows fail, there is no oil to escape and contaminate a drinking water system. In a hospital or apartment, this could be devastating. Smith arresters will help keep potable water systems potable. BURST PRESSURE IN EXCESS OF 2000 PSI Discussed above ONE OF THE SMALLEST ARRESTERS AVAILABLE IN STANDARD PDI SIZES The advanced engineering of Smith’s arresters allows physical size to be reduced considerably below older competitor units—as much as 25% smaller. They are less expensive to ship and will fit into tight plumbing spaces that would exclude competitor units.

BELLOWS EMPLOYS CONICAL ID/OD DESIGN DEVELOPED BY BATTELLE LABORATORY FOR MINIMUM OPERATING STRESS, ULTRA-LONG LIFE The bellows in a water hammer arrester provides a flexible barrier between the water system and the gas charge. In Smith’s arresters, the bellows is unique: It employs a design that was developed by Battelle Laboratories in which the inner and outer edges are tilted into a conical shape. This contour distributes stresses throughout the entire bellows diaphragm. While this gets deep into the engineering of the arrester, it points to a highly advanced configuration not used by other bellows designs—one that assures reliable life measured in decades. It also provides the most compact design available.

8

PDI TESTED AND CERTIFIED STATEMENT OF GUARANTEE POLICY Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co. “Hydrotrols” have a lifetime guarantee against defective materials and workmanship when installed and sized in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and/or P.D.I. Standard W.H.-201.

LOCATION

SMITH ® JAY R.

SMITH MFG. CO.

ve

e

MEMBER OF:

G

N

G

N

e

Pr

®

E

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

®

ASPE

POST OFFICE BOX 3237 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36109-0237 (USA) TEL: 334-277-8520 FAX: 334-272-7396 www.jrsmith.com

I I n ti N E E R n C a on R ath e r T h

ur

DIVISION OF SMITH INDUSTRIES, INC.

NITARY SA

FIGURE NUMBER

WE CAN ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR USE OF SUPERSEDED OR VOID DATA

ENGINEERED WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS FUNCTION: Quick closing electrical, pneumatic, spring loaded valves or devices, and the quick hand closure of fixture trim can cause destructive "water hammer". Engineered water hammer arresters ("Hydrotrols") employ a permanently sealed cushion of air or gas which absorbs the energy of water hammer and reduces pressure rise in the piping system to a safe level. Hydrotrol units, correctly sized and placed at specific locations in the water piping system will control the destructive shock of water hammer.

C

C

Compression Chamber Shell

Compression Chamber Shell

D

B D

90

B Nipple

Units: A, B, C, & D A DIMENSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO MANUFACTURERS TOLERANCE AND CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

5005 - 5050

DRAWN BY:

CHECKED BY:

APPROVED BY:

DATE:

SCALE:

SIZE

DRAWING NUMBER

HYDROTROLS

90

Units: E & F A P.D.I. Fixture Unit PCN/ Rating SIZE Fig. No. Symbol 1-11 3/4 (19) A 5005 12-32 1 (25) B 5010 33-60 1 (25) C 5020 61-113 1 (25) D 5030 114-154 1 (25) E 5040 155-330 1 (25) F 5050

B

C

D

2.62 (67) 2.97 (75) 3.59 (91) 5.14 (131) 5.52 (140) 6.67 (169)

3.25 (83) 3.25 (83) 3.25 (83) 3.25 (83) 3.25 (83) 3.25 (83)

1.40 (36) 1.69 (43) 2.19 (56) 3.24 (82) 4.12 (105) 5.28 (134)

A

RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION FOR HYDROSTATIC SHOCK CONTROL Smith series 5000 "Hydrotrol" all stainless steel shock absorbers shall be installed at all solenoid, remote operated or quick closing valves and at each plumbing fixture or battery of plumbing fixtures. Install on both hot and cold water branch lines in an upright position as close as possible to the valve or valves being served. Sizes and locations as indicated on drawings.

Hydrotrols are pre-charged and permanently sealed at the factory. All hydrotrols are constructed entirely of stainless steel.

Hydrotrols Fig. 5005 to 5050 inclusive have been tested and certified in accordance with the Plumbing and Drainage Institute "Standard P.D.I. WH-201"

NOTE: Sizing information on reverse side.

Conforms to ASSE 1010

NOTE: Dimensions shown in parentheses are in millimeters. WEIGHT POUNDS

REV.

DATE

DESCRIPTION

BY

VOLUME CUBIC FEET

FIGURE NUMBER

5005 - 5050

CKD. BY

9

SMITH ® JAY R.

LOCATION

SMITH MFG. CO.

ve

N E E RI

N

an on R ather T h

e

GI

G

N

nti

C

WE CAN ASSUME NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR USE OF SUPERSEDED OR VOID DATA

DATE:

APPROVED BY: CHECKED BY: DRAWN BY:

5060 FIGURE NUMBER

FUNCTION: The Fig. 5060 Hy-Duty Hydrotrol has been designed expressly for severe hydrostatic shock conditions that can occur in commercial laundry machines, bus washing stands and high capacity pumping systems. This unit will absorb the excessive surge pressures and eliminate the annoying and dangerous water hammer that results whenever a solenoid or quick closing valve is suddenly closed. Both the piping system and expensive equipment on the line are safeguarded against the damaging effects of the hydrostatic shock.

4 1/2 (115) DIA

Pressure Gauge (permits checking of pressurized chamber and facilitates a reading if chamber pressure has to be increased)

2 1/4 (57)

Pressurized Chamber (pre-charged at the factory for specific installations)

8 1/4 (210)

2 (51)

Aluminum Cap Air Valve and Cap (permits easy adjustment of charging pressure in chamber while installed) Shell

Hydraulic Liquid DIMENSIONS ARE SUBJECT TO MANUFACTURERS TOLERANCE AND CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

A

DRAWING NUMBER

HY-DUTY HYDROTROL WITH PRESSURE GAUGE AND VALVE CHARGING VEHICLE

SCALE:

SIZE

MEMBER OF:

e

®

Pr

10

ASPE E

CUSTOMER DRIVEN

NITARY SA

®

POST OFFICE BOX 3237 MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA 36109-0237 (USA) TEL: 334-277-8520 FAX: 334-272-7396 www.jrsmith.com

ur

DIVISION OF SMITH INDUSTRIES, INC.

Bellows

Nipple

2 (50) SIZE

NOTE: Dimensions shown in parentheses are in millimeters.

For further information on sizing and application of the Hy-Duty Hydrotrol consult your local Jay R. Smith representative or the factory.

RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATION Where indicated on plans, water hammer arresters shall be Smith Hy-Duty Hydrotrol Fig. 5060 constructed entirely of stabilized 18-8 stainless steel having welded stainless steel bellows in a pressurized chamber with pressure gauge and air valve and sized according to factory recommendation.

WEIGHT POUNDS

REV.

DATE

DESCRIPTION

BY

CKD. BY

VOLUME CUBIC FEET

FIGURE NUMBER

5060

PISTON TYPE WATER HAMMER ARRESTERS The piston type water hammer arrester is designed to be compact in size allowing for installation in a 2” x 4” wall space and installed at any angle whether it be upright, horizontally or any angle in between. The casing is all copper tube spun closed at the top to provide a seamless constructed unit permanently sealing a 60 PSIG air charge cushion above a two oring piston. A NPT solid hex bass adapter is provided at the bottom of the unit for fast and easy installation to the potable piping system. The two EPDM o-rings are lubricated with Dow Corning, FDA approved 111 Silicone Compound. The piston is HHPP and is tested for charge leakage and proper charge pressure. The unit is available in either male thread or male sweat end connection. The sweat unit is designed with the appropriate heat sink length to allow soldering of the connection without concern of damaging the piston unit. It is designed to operate with domestic or commercial potable water systems. The temperature range is 33º F to 250º F.

ASSE TESTED AND LISTED

JRS Products Piston Type Water Hammer Arresters JRS Products Piston Type Water Hammer Arresters are guaranteed against defective materials and workmanship for the life of the piping system when installed and sized in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, P.D.I. Standard W.H.201 and/or ASSE Standard 1010. This guarantee includes any part proving defective but excludes any unit tampered with or field modified. All units must be returned to Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co. for evaluation. The defective unit must be returned to the factory within thirty days with the name of the contractor or purchaser and a description of the installation. All claims must be handled through the wholesaler from whom the product was originally purchased. Wholesaler will exchange defective unit on request of the purchaser and send the unit to Jay R. Smith Mfg. Co. or their local sales representative.

11

Water Hammer Arrester Piston Type Water Hammer Arresters, Series 520-T Product Description: Recommended for plumbing fixtures in office buildings, retail, schools, hospitals, correctional facilities, and public buildings. Threaded connection piston type water hammer arresters consists of seamless, cold rolled and spun closed copper; pressurized arrester chamber; poly piston with two EPDM O-rings.

.. .. .. .

Features and Benefits: Designed to absorb and control shock pressure in water lines from surges during quick valve closure Maximum rated suge pressure: 350 P.S.I.G. Operating line flow pressure up to 60 P.S.I.G. Working temperature range: 33˚ to 250˚ F Listed by the American Society of Sanitary Engineers to ASSE 1010 Standard Certified and tested by U.S. Testing Co. Inc., Tulsa, OK to ASSE 1010 Standard IAPMO Listed, File No. 4785

60 psig charge

B

Listed:

Arrester Chamber, cold rolled and spun closed seamless chamber Pressurized air cushion

A

® Poly piston. Two EPDM O-rings, pressure-lubricated with Dow-Corning 111 Silicone Compound, FDA approved. Seamless Spun Reduction Lead Free Solder Joint Standard wrought copper adapter with wrench hex NPT, male thread

Threaded Connection Piston Water Hammer Arrester Series 520-T

Pipe Size WATER HAMMER ARRESTER SIZING CHART Smith Fig. No. 520-T-AA 520-T-A 520-T-B 520-T-C 520-T-D 520-T-E 520-T-F

Pipe Size, NTP 1/2” 1/2” 3/4” 1” 1-1/4” 1-1/2” 2”

Size AA* A B C D E F

Air Change 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig

Dimensions A B (DIA) 5.56” 875” 6.875” 1.125” 8.69” 1.38” 12.00” 1.38” 12.00” 2.13” 14.56” 2.13” 16.38” 2.13”

Fixture Unit Capacity Residential 1 to 11 12 to 32 33 to 60 61 to 113 114 to 154 155 to 330

For flow pressures up to 60 P.S.I.G. Length of Pipe 25’ 50’ 75’ 100’ 125’ 150’

1/2” A A B C C D

Nominal Pipe Diameter 3/4” 1” 1 1/4” 1 1/2” A B C D D E

B C D E F F

C D AE F AF DF

D E F CF EF FF

NOTE: Dimensional date is subject to manufacturing tolerances and change without notice *NOTE: AA size for residential applications only NOTE: Per ASSE Standard, systems exceeding 60 P.S.I.G. shall be installed with a pressure reducing valve upstream of the unit

SERIES 520-T 12

2” E F EF FF EFF FFF

Water Hammer Arrester Piston Type Water Hammer Arresters, Series 520-SC Product Description: Recommended for plumbing fixtures in office buildings, retail, schools, hospitals, correctional facilities, and public buildings. Threaded connection piston type water hammer arresters consists of seamless, cold rolled and spun closed copper; pressurized arrester chamber; poly piston with two EPDM O-rings.

.. .. .. .

Features and Benefits: Designed to absorb and control shock pressure in water lines from surges during quick valve closure Maximum rated suge pressure: 350 P.S.I.G. Operating line flow pressure up to 60 P.S.I.G. Working temperature range: 33˚ to 250˚ F Listed by the American Society of Sanitary Engineers to ASSE 1010 Standard Certified and tested by U.S. Testing Co. Inc., Tulsa, OK to ASSE 1010 Standard IAPMO Listed, File No. 4785

Listed: B

60 psi charge

Arrester Chamber, cold rolled and spun closed seamless chamber

®

A Pressurized air cushion

Poly piston. Two EPDM O-rings, pressure-lubricated with Dow-Corning 111 Silicone Compound, FDA approved.

Heat Sink Length

Male Sweat Connection

Sweat Connection Piston Water Hammer Arrester Series 520-SC

Pipe Size

WATER HAMMER ARRESTER SIZING CHART Smith Pipe Fig. No. Size, NTP 520-SC-AA 1/2” 520-SC-A 1/2” 520-SC-B 3/4” 520-SC-C 1” 520-SC-D 1-1/4” 520-SC-E 1-1/2” 520-SC-F 2”

Size AA* A B C D E F

Air Change 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig 60 psig

Dimensions A B (DIA) 5.56” 875” 6.875” 1.125” 8.69” 1.38” 12.00” 1.38” 12.00” 2.13” 14.56” 2.13” 16.38” 2.13”

Fixture Unit Capacity Residential 1 to 11 12 to 32 33 to 60 61 to 113 114 to 154 155 to 330

For flow pressures up to 60 P.S.I.G. Length of Pipe 25’ 50’ 75’ 100’ 125’ 150’

1/2” A A B C C D

Nominal Pipe Diameter 3/4” 1” 1 1/4” 1 1/2” A B C D D E

B C D E F F

C D AE F AF DF

D E F CF EF FF

2” E F EF FF EFF FFF

NOTE: Dimensional date is subject to manufacturing tolerances and change without notice *NOTE: AA size for residential applications only NOTE: Per ASSE Standard, systems exceeding 60 P.S.I.G. shall be installed with a pressure reducing valve upstream of the unit

SERIES 520-SC 13

SIZING WATER SYSTEMS Estimated Curves for Demand Load

500

DEMAND G.P.M.

400

300

200

No. 1 for system predominantly for flush valves No. 2 for system predominantly for flush tanks

1

100 2

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

FIXTURE UNITS

Enlarged Scale Demand Load

100

DEMAND G.P.M.

80

1

60

2

40 20 0

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

FIXTURE UNITS 14

160

180

200

220

240

PIPE SIZING DATA Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length .2

.3

2

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

Copper Tubing Smooth Pipe Type M _________________ Type L _________________ Type K _________________

6000 5000 4000 3000

30 40 50 60 80 100 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000

2000

1000 800

nch

I

r6

Dia

40

te me

5

lo Ve

4

15

10

3

pe

6

ec rS

5

2

4

60 50 40

100 80

Ft.

8

100 80

200

y

cit

200

600 500 400 300

20

300

30

600 500 400

60 50 40

on

/2

d

11

3

Flow in Gallons per Minute

1000 800

Flow in Gallons per Minute

0.1 10000 8000

30

30

2

1

20

20

3/4

10 8 6 5 4

10 8 6 5 4

1/2 3/8

3

3

2

2

1 0.1

.2

.3

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

2

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

1 30 40 50 60 80 100

Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length

15

PIPE SIZING DATA Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length

6000 5000 4000

.2

.3

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

30 40 50 60 80 100 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000

Fairly Smooth

3000

Dia

2000

me

1 ter

2I

nch

3000 2000

10 8 40

1000 800

30

6

lo Ve

5

cit 15

c Se

8

on d

6

100 80

5

100 80

4

2

3

60 50 40

600 500 400

200

er

3

1000 800

300

t. p

10

200

yF

4

300

20

600 500 400

60 50 40

/2

11 2

Flow in Gallons per Minute

2

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

30

30

1

20

20

3/4 10 8

10 8

1/2

6 5 4

6 5 4

3/8

3

3

2

2

1 0.1

.2

.3

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

2

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

1 30 40 50 60 80 100

Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length

16

Flow in Gallons per Minute

0.1 10000 8000

PIPE SIZING DATA Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length 0.1 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000

.2

.3

2

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

30 40 50 60 80 100 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000

Fairly Rough

3000

nch

3000

10

2000

2I

1 ter

me

2000

Dia

8

er

t. p

nd

co

6

100 80

5

100 80

200

Se

8

3

10

200

4

2

60 50 40

3

60 50 40

/2

11

30

30 20

20

1 3/4

10 8 6 5 4

10 8 6 5 4

1/2 3/8

3

3 2

2

1 0.1

600 500 400 300

15

yF

cit

4

300

2

Flow in Gallons per Minute

5

20

lo Ve

30

6

600 500 400

Flow in Gallons per Minute

1000 800

1000 800

.2

.3

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

2

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

1 30 40 50 60 80 100

Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length

17

PIPE SIZING DATA Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length .2

.3

6000 5000 4000

2

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

4 5 6

8 10

20

30 40 50 60 80 100 10000 8000 6000 5000 4000

Rough

ch

3000

3000

2 In

1 ter

me

2000

Dia

2000

10 8

1000 800

1000 800

6

600 500 400 300

20

5

200

10

ity loc Ve

200

8

3 6

100 80

5

100 80

2

4

nd eco rS pe Ft.

3

60 50 40 30

1

20

60 50 40

1/2

30 20

1 3/4

10 8 6 5 4

10 8

3/8

3 2

2

1 0.1

6 5 4

1/2

3

.2

.3

.4 .5 .6 .8 1

2

3

4 5 6

8 10

20

1 30 40 50 60 80 100

Friction Loss in Head in Lbs. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Length

18

600 500 400 300

15

4

2

Flow in Gallons per Minute

3

Flow in Gallons per Minute

0.1 10000 8000

KINETIC ENERGY CHART VELOCITY CHART 2

1

3

4

5 6

8 10

1

2

4

5 6

8 10

100 80

6000 5000

60 50

4000

40

3000

30

2000

20

ES

ZE

8

12"

12

6 5

10

"

10

"

600 500

4

6"

6" 5"

200

5"

8"

8"

400 300

3 2

1

4"

/2" 4"

100

3" 4" 1"

6 5

1

2

4

5 6

VELOCITY FT. SEC FIG. A

8 10

1

2

3/4

"

3

.03

1/2 "

4" 3/ 2" 1/

1

.02

3

Total Kinetic Energy will be 0.90 x 25 or 22.5 foot pounds.

.06 .05 .04

2

Determine kinetic energy per lineal foot of pipe by entering Fig. B at 8.0 ft/sec. Proceed upward to diagonal line for 11/2" pipe. Proceed horizontally to scale at right and read kinetic energy of 0.90 ft. lbs/lin. ft. of pipe.

.08

4 3

Determine pipe velocity by entering Fig. A at 50 gallons. Proceed horizontally to diagonal line for 1-1/2" pipe. Proceed vertically to scale at top of bottom of graph and read velocity of 8.0 ft/sec.

0.1

1"

8

0.2

1 1 1 1/ 2" /4"

2" 1/ 1 1

1/

10

/2"

2 2"

20

0.3

21

1/

30

2"

0.4

2"

40

0.6 0.5

3"

3

1/

60 50

0.8

31

2"

80

Maximum Flow Rate 50 GPM Line Pressure-Water Flowing 65 PSI Max. Shock. Pressure 175 PSI Pipi Size 1-1/2" Effective Pipe Length 25'

10

PIP

SI E IP "P

800

To determine total kinetic energy in foot pounds/linear foot for the entire effective pipe length, use the example below:

IZE

8000

1000

FLOW THRU PIPE - GALLONS PER MINUTE

3

KINETIC ENGERGY - FT. LBS. PER LIN. FT. OF PIPE

10000

VELOCITY CHART

4

5 6

8 10

NOTE: Maximum total Kinetic Energy for fig. no. 5060 is 130 foot/pounds.

.01

VELOCITY FT. SEC FIG. B

19

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Q. Will water hammer arresters control the movement in piping mains?

ommended that Smith’s Sales Engineering group be consulted for evaluation.

A. The movement in piping mains is caused by shock and partially by the flow of water through the mains. The greatest movement is caused by shock which can be controlled by the installation of water hammer arresters. The movement caused by water flow can be controlled by the proper placement of pipe hangers and supports.

Q. Will water hammer arresters eliminate piping vibration?

Q. Is it possible to control the shock created by pumping equipment? A. When a pump shuts off, some degree of shock will be experienced in the discharge line. This is caused by the back surge of water to the pumping equipment. The shock can be controlled in most applications by the installation of a properly sized water hammer arrester. The unit should be installed at a tee connection in the vertical discharge line. Q. Will a water hammer arrester prevent check valve slam? A. A water hammer arrester will absorb the shock and minimize the slam noise. A soft seat in the check valve will then assure a quiet closure. Q. Is the shock generated in dishwasher piping controllable? A. A solenoid or other type of quick closure valve is employed for dishwasher applications. A properly sized water hammer arrester installed on the pressure side of the solenoid valve will eliminate the shock and noise. Q. Is the shock generated in home washing machines controllable? A. Yes, a properly sized water hammer arrester placed on the cold and hot water supplies to the washing machine will absorb the shock as caused by quick closure devices. Q. Will water hammer arresters control the shock experienced in commercial laundry machines?

Q. Are water hammer arresters required in the average residence? A. Yes, a severe shock can occur in the residential piping system, especially when excessive water pressures are involved. Most of the premature failures of piping, hot water storage heaters, home laundry machines, automatic control valves and flush tanks or valves, may be attributed to shock caused by quick closure valves. Properly sized water hammer arresters should be installed on the hot and cold water supply piping to that fixture, equipment or apparatus wherein shock can be produced. A pressure reducing valve installed on the discharge side of the water meter can be most helpful in protecting the residential piping system. Q. Will water hammer arresters rectify every shock condition? A. Occasionally, a piping system is improperly designed or installed. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the installation before you can cure the shock. After this has been accomplished a properly sized water hammer arrester will rectify the shock condition. Q. What is the importance of cubic inch displacement in water hammer arresters? A. A prescribed amount of cubic inch displacement is required for each type of device intended for the control of shock. Since the Hydrotrols are pressurized, its displacement volume is not actually utilized until the water pressure exceeds 60 P.S.I. By comparison, the air chamber type device require a displacement volume approximately six times that of each Hydrotrol unit.

A. A violent shock is created in commercial laundry piping as a result of quick closure valves. The 5060 Hydrotrol has been designed for severe applications such as this. However, at times is not large enough to effectively control the situation and another method must be utilized. These applications shall be submitted with all pertinent data to Smith’s Sales Engineering for evaluation.

Q. Are water hammer arresters safe for potable water system?

Q. Can shock be prevented in other types of liquid conveying systems?

IMPORTANT: If you have a question that is not answered on this page or the preceding pages, or if you have a special problem involving hydrostatic shock or water hammer, please contact Smith’s Sales Engineering group.

A. The 5005-5050 stainless steel bellows units can be used with most types of liquid conveyed in a piping distribution system. Therefore, if a shock is encountered, it can be controlled. When liquids other than water are involved, it is rec-

20

A. If the vibration is caused by the occurance of shock in the piping system it can be avoided if a properly sized water hammer arrester is installed near the quick closure valve.

A. Yes, the bellows & piston type water hammer arresters are safe for potable water systems. The o-rings used in the piston type arresters are lubricated with FDA approved Dow-Corning 111 Silicone Compound and all solder joints use lead free solder.

JAY R. SMITH MFG. CO.

PM 1054 6/06