Waste Management.ppt

By S. VIJAYAKUMAR M. K. SANIL M. NISHA T. M. SHABIN ALI

WASTE An unusable / unwanted

substance or material. Rejected as worthless.

Eg) Rubbish, trash, garbage or junk

WASTE MANAGEMENT Collection  source separation  storage  transportation  transfer  processing  treatment disposal of waste

WASTE MANAGEME NT @ To extract maximum practical benefits. @ To generate minimum amount of waste. @ Reduce negative impacts - on environment & society.

TYPES OF WASTES

SOURCES OF WASTES

*Domestic wastes

- Eg) paper, plastic, glass, ceramics, vegetable wastes

*Commercial wastes

- Eg) printer paper,

meat remnants

*Ashes

- Eg) coal, wood and coke.

- Open burning of wastes also generates ashes

*Animal Wastes - rejected feed

- Eg)dung of animals

*Biomedical Wastes

- Eg) expired drugs, plastic syringes, surgical dressings

*Construction Wastes

- Eg) metal rods, bricks, cement, concrete, roofing materials - digging activities Eg) telephone, electricity, drainage

*Industrial Solid Wastes

-Eg) garment factory would dump textiles of various kinds

*Sewer

- removed from sewerage left on the roadside

*Hazardous wastes

- potentially

dangerous - react explosively with air or water - Change in the genetic structure of individuals

*E

-

Waste

- electronics disposed

-E.g.) Secondary computers, electronics, mobile phones, television sets & refrigerator

*Nuclear waste

- containing radioactive

material fission

- product of a nuclear

Effects of waste If not managed Affects our health Affects our socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine

environment Affects our climate Rise in global temperatures ‘ Rise in sea levels

Methods of Waste Mgmt. Disposal Methods c) Land fills Convenient Inexpensive Destruction of food sources Desalination



Incineration Requires minimum land Can be operated in any

Recycling methods a) Biological reprocessing b) Energy recovery i)Pyrolysis ii)Gasification

weather

Key to providing a livable

Expensive to build and operate

environment for the future

Continuous maintenance

Expensive Some wastes cannot be recycled Technological push needed

Practical Issues Lack of awareness Unplanned growth and development of cities Land availabilty Un sorted waste. mixture of bio-degradable

and non bio-degradable Some wastes cannot be recycled Unsightly - smell, waste, vermin requires proper planning, design, and operation

Bio-Methanation Process Materials that are organic in nature, such as

plant material, food scraps convert starch or sugary agricultural feed stock into a methane rich gas mixture three stages, namely, hydrolysis, acid-genesis and methane formation Process is very slow Installing is expensive.

Suggestions  Improve product design to use less materials.  use biodegradable materials  maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets  At Source Treatment, Separation of materials

should be done at source  Encourage eople to reuse materials rather than purchase new ones.

Case Study  Name of Project : CochinWaste 2 Energy Pvt Ltd  Type of Process : BESI W2E Gasification Technology  Capacity : 35 tons/day  Land Area : 1 Acre  Location : Willington Island, Cochin  Type ofWaste : Industrial effluent Sludge, e-waste,Biomedical

waste,food waste, Wood waste,  Power Generation : 1 Mega Watt per hour.  SolidWaste generated from Plant: Recovered sterilized metals for recycle. Vitrified glass. Inert Ash  Revenue Stream : Tipping fee. Sale of Power generated. Residue. Carbon Credits  Collection Mechanism :Through specially designed enclosed refuse trucks meeting international norms  Waste Stream Analysis : School of Environmental Studies, CUSAT