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Waste Management Handbook for Building Division
Rev. No. : 0 Date : March 2013
REVISION STATUS SHEET Rev. No.
Date
Summary of Revision
Review By
0
2
Mar 2013
First Version
Date
Approval By
Date
CONTENTS 1
BACKGROUND ...........................................................................................................1
2
PURPOSE OF THE HANDBOOK ................................................................................2
3
BENEFIT FROM BETTER WASTE MANAGEMENT ...................................................2
4
WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ......................................................................3
5
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES ...................4
6
ANALYSIS OF WASTE GENERATION AT DIFFERENT STAGE ...............................5
7
MANAGEMENT OF LANDFILL WASTE ON SITE ......................................................6
8
WASTE REDUCTION MEASURES .............................................................................8
9
MONITORING AND REVIEWING ..............................................................................11
10
TRAINING AND PROMOTION...................................................................................12
Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix I
Cost saving from waste minimization Figures of Different Projects Waste generated at different construction stage Project Specific Waste Management Plan Template Waste Recycling Companies / Charities Detailed Waste Reduction Measures Building Waste Baseline Audit Scorecard Project-base Waste Management Kick-off and Audit Schedule Waste Management Key Performance Index (WMKPI) Template
Figure 1 Figure 2
Total tonnage disposed by division Landfill Waste Intensity of Building Division
Figure 1
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Temporary on Site Sorting Facilities
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BACKGROUND Waste to municipal landfill is a pressing and critical issue in Hong Kong and construction waste is a sensitive topic that raises much attention. About 25% of the waste to Hong Kong landfills is construction waste. In simple terms, the generation and management of waste for Gammon impacts profitability, productivity and is an added logistical burden; it is also associated with housekeeping and safety. Gammon’s quantity (tonnes) of landfill waste has increased from 26,000 tonnes in 2007 to 35,800 tonnes in 2012 (+37.7%) and the majority of waste disposed of in municipal landfill representing 2.5% of Hong Kong total. Figure 1: Total tonnage disposed by division
Landfill Disposal 30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0 GCL % Total HK
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.3%
1.5%
2.5%
2.3%
3.7%
BDG
CVL
E&M
FDN
2012
SGP
As the majority comes from building type works, a workgroup comprised of Building, Environment and Procurement has developed actions towards achieving significant reductions.
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PURPOSE OF THE HANDBOOK With the baseline of 2007, building division aimed to achieve 30% reduction* in landfill intensity by end – 2018, we must: 1) exercise better planning and design 2) reduce the waste generated and 3) reduce sent to landfill by increasing reuse and recycle arrangements. There are sub-reduction targets in 2014 (by 10%) and 2016 (by 20%) for achieving our ultimate target step by step. * Rebar or steel waste is not counted in the target figure
Figure 2: Landfill Waste Intensity of Building Division
Landfill Waste Intensity 35 Tonnes/HK$1M Turnover
30.03 30
Ban of inert waste to landfill
25 20 15 10 5
Baseline 4.13
5.3
3.72
3.31
Target 2.89
0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
This Waste Management Handbook (WMH) aims to provide each project team with practical and achievable guidelines for achieving waste reduction target of the Sustainability Vision of gammon Building Home. The Handbook includes: •
• • • • • 3
Project organisation structure setting out the roles and responsibilities of the respective project team member responsible for waste management and appropriate mitigation measures; An analysis of timing and types of C&D materials to be generated in the course of the execution of the Works; The steps required to implement a site waste management plan; Suggestion of waste reduction measures; A monitoring and reviewing proposal to ensure that the requirements of the site waste management plan are properly implemented; and Contact details for waste recyclers in Hong Kong.
BENEFIT FROM BETTER WASTE MANAGEMENT Reduce waste disposal costs • Enjoy lower disposal costs for separated wastes, the cost-saving calculation shown in Appendix A. • Receive payment for some wastes (especially metals)
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•
Cut back purchasing cost by re-using existing materials/equipment onsite instead of disposed as waste
Reduce onsite risk • Decrease the chance of worker injuries due to better housekeeping • Improve the visual impact of project on the surrounding community Meet contractual obligations and rating requirements • Achieve higher green ratings for the development
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WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 4.1 Hierarchy The various waste management options shall be categorised in terms of preference from an environmental viewpoint. The options considered to be more preferable have the least impacts and are more sustainable in the longer term. Hence, the hierarchy of waste management is as follows:
Planning and Design Avoidance and Minimization Reuse of materials Recycling & Reprocessing material Zero conservation of recourses This hierarchy shall be used to evaluate waste management options, thus allowing maximum waste reduction. Rethink is careful planning at the design and drawing stages. It is at this stage that the greatest reductions in waste can be achieved. Reduce waste by eliminating over-ordering of construction materials, waste is avoided and costs are reduced both in terms of purchasing of raw materials and in disposing of waste. On site, the Reuse and Recycle of materials should be maximized to avoid Disposal. 4.2 Waste Management The proposed strategy is not limited to collection & disposal system. Instead, it proposes to employ a multi-pronged approach that revolves round the ‘waste hierarchy’ participatory principle. • Procurement strategy • Manage at source - Proposing a task force team • Education • Incentives to subcontractors
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ORGANISATION STRUCTURE AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES An execution team should be established. The team members should be those who directly involved with the project and can collective influence all aspects of waste management. The project organisation with respect to waste management works is outlined in the following sections. 5.1 Project Manager The Project Manager is responsible to the Contract Manager for overall planning, site operations, appointment of committee members for waste management, staff supervision control co-ordination and external liaison. He is ultimately responsible for all aspects of waste management issues within the Project, which they achieve by implementation of the WMH. He is also responsible for provision of necessary support to the environmental engineer for the preparation and review of waste management and arrangement of site staff to attend environmental training with regard to waste management organised by other bodies or the environmental engineer. The Project Manager has the following responsibilities in relation to waste management: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii.
Keep abreast of the requirements of the statutory regulations in relation to waste management; Ensure works are executed in accordance with the WMH; Arrange routine joint site inspection with environmental engineer and review environmental inspection report submitted by the environmental engineer; Ensure appropriate waste management mitigation measures are properly implemented; Ensure follow up actions are properly undertaken in the event of noncompliance of the waste management plan; Review method statement to ensure appropriate mitigation measures are implemented prior to execution of work; and Monitor the following documents. • any statutory required waste management permits/licenses including dumping licence, chemical waste producer, admission ticket and etc; • C&D material disposal delivery record; and, • waste reuse / recycle / disposal summary.
5.2 Site Agent He shall have the following duties in relation to environmental control: i. ii. iii. iv. v.
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Assist the Project Manager in implementing the waste management plan; Monitor and control the works including those of subcontractors to ensure compliance of WMH; Report to the Project Manager regarding non-compliance of any waste management issues; Ensure the remedial actions or mitigation measures are carried out as planned; and Supervise and arrange the maintenance of waste management facilities.
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5.3 Foremen Foremen are responsible for the following duties in relation to environmental control: i. ii.
Assist the Site Agent in implementing the WMH; Control the works including those of subcontractors to fulfil the requirement of waste management issues; iii. Report to the Site Agent any non-compliance of any waste management issues; iv. Maintain the on-site waste management facilities including sorting area, temporary storage area, general refuse bins, recycling bins and etc; v. Leading task force to do sorting and separation at source, housekeeping, waste collection, disposal management in site vi. Carry out remedial actions or mitigation measures to rectify the noncompliance; vii. They shall carry out routine maintenance of waste management facilities. Maintenance records shall be kept in site office. 5.4 Environmental Engineer The Environmental Engineer shall oversee the implementation and the performance of the WMH and shall also be responsible for: i.
ii. iii. iv. v.
Reviewing works programmes, method statements, licence application and other relevant documentation so as to ensure the best practice would be implemented to generate no unacceptable impacts with respect to waste management to the established guidelines/standards; Identifying any potential unanticipated or greater than expected waste impacts; Formulating any necessary preventative or remedial measures to be taken for these potential impacts; Liaising and consulting with all relevant parties during implementing WMH; Preparing training material for environmental toolbox talks with regard to waste management and disseminating guidance notes to operatives.
5.5 Task Force for Waste Management Depending on the size of individual project, task force led by a project coordinator/supervisor provided with direct labours and technically supported by the project environmental team shall implement waste management on site (planning, waste identification of each construction stage, sorting and separation at source, housekeeping, waste collection, disposal management and reporting). 6
ANALYSIS OF WASTE GENERATION AT DIFFERENT STAGE To give a brief idea on the amount of waste generated in different stages, the landfill waste of various building projects were shown in Appendix B. The scope of projects, contract sum and landfill waste intensity are stated for easy comparison. Different types of waste will be generated throughout the construction period of the Project from various construction activities and daily operation of the construction site. The major construction activities and the associated waste generation are identified in Appendix C.
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MANAGEMENT OF LANDFILL WASTE ON SITE All Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials arising from or in connection with the Works will be sorted on site to recover reusable and/or recyclable materials. All sorted and processed surplus materials arising from or in connection with the Works from the Site will be promptly removed to minimise temporary stockpiling on the Site. A system will be devised for on-site sorting of C&D materials. The system will include the identification of the source of generation, estimated quantity, arrangement for on-site sorting and/or collection, temporary storage areas, frequency of collection by recycling contractors or frequency of removal off the Site, etc. Each project should prepare their project specific Waste Management Plan and a template was attached in Appendix D.
Regular Review
Planning of manpower
Predict activities & estimate waste generation
Management Cycle Planning of logistic & resources
Set waste diversion target
Identify & select recyclers
7.1 Prediction of construction activities and Estimation of waste generation Identify the materials likely to be discarded and at what stage of the project. This should be carried out prior to the commencement of the site works. This involves looking at the construction program and the project design and identifying materials in-flows and outflows. Estimate the quantities by using normal ordering margins and packaging mode. Moreover, using landfill waste intensity target of building home to calculate the total waste generation of project. These will give the information to team for scheduling bin numbers, sizes and likely changeovers 7.2 Set waste diversion target Setting waste diversion target can be based on green building guidelines, BEAM Plus and LEED. These guidelines do not only focus on recycling, instead they focus on the diverting waste from landfills by finding multiple alternatives for end uses of the waste, namely reuse on site, recycling, donation for reuse on another site. All of these diversion methods count towards credit compliance – 75% construction waste diverted for two points. For BEAM Plus, two credit is for 60% of construction waste recycled.
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7.3 Identify & select recycler according to actual market availability Contact recyclers using this handbook, Appendix E, or EPD Recycling Directories. https://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/quickaccess/vicinity.htm#1 To deal with recyclers, there are several points to pay attention. • The condition of recyclable materials • Any drop boxes and pick-up service available • Options of collection: call for service, scheduled pick-up, or send to their collection points • The charge of services including drop box rental and transport fee • Provide receipts for types and quantities of materials collected 7.4 Planning of mode of logistic, transportation and sorting facilities Better planning of hardware support would encourage on-site sorting. Since it is difficult to separate the waste materials after they mixed, project team should make sorting convenient by placing recycling bins, designated areas close to the work on each floor or designated area near the refuse chute. Centralize sorting area with different recycling bins are recommended to facilitate the final collection for different types of waste. To plan the logistic routine for the waste collection from different floor, refuse chute, jump lift and hoist are preferred. Landfill waste, recyclables and inert waste should be transported down separately to avoid contamination; thus, one more refuse chute in site is recommended to facilitate waste collection as well as vertical transportation. Operation team better to have different arrangement on using vertical logistic to balance the demand of material delivery and waste collection. The location of rubbish skip and collection points should be closed to site entrance for easy removed by collectors. 7.5 Planning of manpower by subletting, task force etc Implement processes to ensure the separation of chosen wastes by subcontractors and task force. Ensure that everyone is aware of their obligations and responsibilities. Subcontractors have to sort their waste before disposal of designated areas that reduces the burden of task force. Consider back-charging a subcontractor who doesn’t separate their waste. Conduct training about the materials to be separated and getting any ideas from staff. 7.6 Regular review on the efficiency of overall sorting, collection and disposal Once construction has started, keep the receipts from recycling and garbage disposal for planning estimates in future waste management budget. Regular meeting with staff to get feedback on how sorting can best be done onsite. Consider review the management when the construction stage change.
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WASTE REDUCTION MEASURES Measures and Descriptions Design and Planning Stage
Rethink
Reduce
Project designs for waste prevention and minimization - adopting construction design and method which prevent and provide less waste
Lean Construction - adopting designs using thinner internal walls and floor slabs and reducing foundation size which could minimize the amount of raw materials being used and thus reduce the amount of waste
Recycle
Modular Building Designs and Pre-casting of Construction Components - pre-casting of construction components and install them on-site BIM application - The use of BIM 3D CAD Models for design co-ordination of the architectural, structural, E&M components to reduce the wastage from abortive work
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Reuse
Better Scheduling of Construction Tasks by Stage - carrying out of one task at a time by scheduling tasks by stage to prevent contamination and mixing of waste
Better Site Planning and Logistic Planning - allocating waste facilities at the right places and making sure the logistic is convenient for implementing on-site waste management
Construction Waste Management and Reduction Plan - planning for waste handling, sorting, collection and disposal, allocating spaces for placing waste facilities and for waste management, appointing staffs for managing and monitoring and etc before the construction
Waste Management Handbook for Building Division Rev. 0 Measures and Descriptions Construction Stage
Prevent waste with efficient purchasing - avoiding over-estimation and ordering too many materials which could not be fully utilized in the construction - purchase materials with minimal packaging, while ensuring goods are not damaged during delivery - coordinate materials delivery to coincide with its use to reduce material damage and waste Make Good Use of Internal Materials Exchange System - the marketplace allow both buyers and sellers to exchange information and post message online for excessive or 2nd hand items located in their sites and offices and ready for transfer internally. Building Better Coordination and Cooperation among Stakeholders in the Supply Chain - developing linkages and coordinating with other stakeholders in the supply to transport unwanted construction materials to other places where these materials could be utilized. For examples, materials suppliers could take back surplus materials and packing materials from contractors; unwanted inert materials could be transported to concrete plant and/or used in other concurrent projects; contractors could coordinate with recyclers to pick up recyclables; and etc. The Use of Reusable Metals for Formwork - replacing wooden panels which could only be used once with metals which could be reused for many times for formwork
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Rethink
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Provision of Waste Management and Facilities - providing accessible waste collection and sorting facilities on site
On-Site Sorting - avoiding mixing of construction materials and conduct sorting on-site as early as once the waste are produced when the construction labours are doing their tasks
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Creating Incentives to Reduce Waste - waste charging is a common example of financial incentive by internalizing costs of waste management to the producers; other nonfinancial incentives include voluntary schemes, creating co-benefits for practicing waste reduction measures and award schemes; and etc For the detailed measures, please refer to Appendix F.
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MONITORING AND REVIEWING 9.1
Internal site Inspection
The execution team shall arrange regular inspection to inspect the site to ensure satisfactory performance on compliance with the waste management plan with due regards to the followings: i.
inert C&D materials suitable for recycling into aggregates are recovered and delivered to designated recycling facilities as notified by the Architect or the Public Fill Committee (Port Works Division of CED); if the Contract involves demolition works, appropriate sequential demolition has been employed to facilitate recovering as much as possible reusable and recyclable materials; a disposal recording system is operating satisfactorily for recording C&D materials removed from the Site; and on-site sorting of C&D materials is properly carried out to recover inert C&D materials and reusable and/or recyclable materials before disposal.
ii. iii. iv.
Team may arrange the regular inspection on waste management performance to be carried out along with the regular internal safety & environmental walks. 9.2
Record Keeping and Reporting
Environmental Engineer shall keep adequate and proper records such as delivery dockets and measurement records relating to the implementation of the waste management plan. All waste treatment should be properly recorded by receipt, photo, delivery form and summary, supporting document should also be provided for individual waste. Smart Waste Account was introduced to all projects for tracing back the quantities of waste to public fill, landfill and designated areas. Data analysis charts are also provided for project team to review. Environmental Performance Data (EPD) will be used to record all waste removed off site each month. The estimated and actual quantities of wastes that will be generated each month from the project will be reported in a monthly basis. 9.3 Waste Audit The waste reduction should be assessed in two ways: Project-wise • Targeting the waste management on site and seeking out or developing ways to divert waste from disposal •
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To review the site management, the project-based waste baseline audit should be conducted. By identifying the measures of waste reduction, the facilities support on site and etc, the scoring of baseline audit would reflect the implementation of waste management. A waste baseline audit scorecard was developed to quantify site waste management efforts, shown as Appendix G. A kick-off example and waste management audit schedule are provided in Appendix H. The good practices and difficulties can also be discussed in the audit meeting and presented in the revised version of the waste management handbook.
Waste Management Handbook for Building Division Rev. 0
Building Home • The overall waste reduction would be reviewed regularly. The waste data of building projects would be used to calculate the landfill waste intensity (tonnes of landfill waste per HK$ 1million turnover). The Interim Review will be carried in mid-2013, end-2013, 2015 and 2017. A mix of both approaches should be considered using the waste reduction hierarchy to set priorities. 10 TRAINING AND PROMOTION The environmental engineer shall arrange and provide training on waste management in the site-specific induction and its refresher training for all persons employed by the Contractor or his sub-contractor on the Works or in connection with the Contract. The training should cover the waste management policy, targets, measures for on-site sorting of C&D materials and measurement on waste management performance on the Site. The environmental engineer is allowed to develop and provide toolbox talks for the topic on on-site sorting of C&D materials to promote the workers' awareness on handling, sorting, reuse and recycling of C&D materials. Training material for environmental toolbox talks with regard to waste management shall be prepared by the environmental engineer and disseminated to supervisor/foremen and subcontractor's representatives for conducting tool-box talks to all workers or labourers at regular intervals. To motivate subcontractors’ participation, Waste Management Key Performance Index (WMKPI) should be introduced to rank subcontractors on performance indicators tracked across implementation of waste management, Appendix I. Set some standards and common vision so that subcontractors have more understanding of our objectives and follow easily. Project team and Operation team would help in the assessment by reporting subcontractors’ performance to environmental engineer. The index and rating can be different from each project according its statues. Best subcontractor of the month in waste management could be awarded to praise their effort.
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APPENDIX A Cost saving from waste minimization
Cost Saving Breakdown (Building) Waste target: 4.13 to 2.89 tonnes/HK$1M Waste saving per HK$1B: 1,240 tonne Average loading per truck: 3.5 tonne Each trip to landfill: HK$600 Cost of dumping 1 tonne general refuse: (3.5 x 125)+600 = $300 per tonne 3.5 Cost Saving: HK$300/tonne x 1,240 tonne Cost Saving to achieve target: HK$0.37M for HK$1B project Cost of labour: HK$650 / man-day $0.37M = ~ 572 man-day saving $650/man-day
APPENDIX B Figure of different projects
J5201 Tamar Development Project, Hong Kong The works under this contract comprise the design and construction of The Central Government Complex, The Legislative Council Complex, An Open Space and two Elevated Walkways and Associated car parking spaces and ancillary facilities Contract Sum: $4,940,279,465.23 Landfill Waste Intensity: 3.6 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
J3286 Centennial Campus, The University of Hong Kong Foundation and construction of two 9-storey and one 10-storey academic buildings with three level basement and three level podiums Construction of West Gate Tower & Footbridge to future MTR station and Open Footbridge Contract Sum: HK$1,968,268,300.00 Landfill Waste Intensity: 5.4 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
J3262 Hennessy Centre Redevelopment The construction of 4 levels carpark/retail basement, 15 floors retail podium and 20 floors office tower Contract Sum: HK$1,736,838,000.00 Landfill Waste Intensity: 5.3 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
J3193 Redevelopment of No. 63 Nathan Road The construction of a 32-storeys high retail complex (including 3-storeys of Basement, a Podium of 10-storeys, a Tower of 5-storeys and a Tower of 19-storeys) Contract Sum: HK$1,075,491,247.00 Landfill Waste Intensity: 15.8 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
J3338 Proposed Residential Development at RBL 224, 53 Stubbs Road, The Peak, Hong Kong 12-storey residential building (10-storey super flats & 2-storey duplex units) with swimming pools (2 nos. at podium floor and 3 nos. at roof) Contract Sum: HK$515,138,000.00 Landfill Waste Intensity: 1.6 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
J3293 Redevelopment of No. 31 Queen's Road Central The Construction of an office tower including 1 level of basement and 3 levels of podium retail, 1 level of restaurant, 2 of levels of mechanical floor and 21 levels of office. Contract Sum: HK$333,000,000 Landfill Waste Intensity: 3.2 tonne/HK$ 1M turnover
APPENDIX C Waste generated at different construction stage
Constructio n Project Tim eline
Site Setup & Demolition Foundation and Underground Works
Superstructure
Fitting Out and MEP
Site Office Furniture and Containers after use Piling Soil, Marine mud Temp wood Grouting Cement Bag Formwork Waste timber
Site Hoarding Waste concrete
Demolition Building Debris Facilities, Furniture Drainage & Underground Substructure works Soil, Marine mud Soil, Marine mud Cable, cable drum Waste timber Waste concrete, metallic pipe & Packaging waste in ELS waste timber Concreting Scaffolding Plastering Waste concrete Slump test concrete Concrete cube
Bamboo Metal Scaffold Dust Screen
Miscellaneous Packaging waste Wrapping sheet
Broken concrete Cement Bag Chemical containers Plastic (barrier) Waste block
Interior / Exterior fitting out
E&M Installation
Curtain wall
Stone, granite and tiles Fire rated board Aluminium product Plywood
Air duct Insulation Trunking and pipe Fitting for E&M services
Timber packaging
Domestic waste
De m ol it ©2010 Gammon Construction Limited. All Rights Reserved
us eo an ell sc Mi
io n
Packaging waste
Plastic (barrier)
Site Setup
Facilities Setup
Disused facilities / furniture
Domestic waste
Office Furniture
Container
Site hoarding (footing)
ru st u ct re
Foundation & Underground works
©2010 Gammon Construction Limited. All Rights Reserved
Wasted Timber*
b Su
Surplus grout
Pi lin g
Cement bag
Underground utilities & drainage Temp wood
Cable, plastic, cable drum
Metallic pipe
Packaging waste
©2010 Gammon Construction Limited. All Rights Reserved
Waste timber
Co k r nc re wo tin m r g Fo Superstructure Sc i ng g af r fo ste intin ld a l in P Pa g &
Waste concrete/ cement/instant mortar
Metal Scaffolding Wooden pallets
Dust screen
Bamboo
Chemical containers
Cement Bag
waste block wall
In ©2010 Gammon Construction Limited. All Rights Reserved
ll wa l in al rta s w Cu las /g
Insulation
st E&M al la tio n
Air duct
Sealant, adhesive
Fitting Out & MEP
Interior/ exterior fitting
timber packaging
Trunking & pipe
Stone, granite, tiles
Fire rated board Aluminum product
Plywood
APPENDIX D Project Specific Waste Management Plan Template
Gammon Construction Limited
Waste Management Plan Template for
Building Project
© COPYRIGHT
This document is copyrighted by Gammon Construction Limited and may not be reproduced within licence or written permission.
28/F Devon House, Taikoo Place, 979 King’s Road, Hong Kong Tel.: (852) 2516-8823
Fax.: (852) 2516-6260
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Revision Status Sheet Rev. No.
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Summary of Revision
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Contents Section
Description
1.
Background
2.
Purpose of the Plan
3.
Waste Management Strategies
4.
Organization Structure
5.
Analysis of Waste
6.
Waste Reduction Measures
7.
Approach for Achieving Waste Diversion Target
8.
Training and Incentive
Appendices
Description
Appendix A
Waste Management Key Performance Index
Appendix B
Building Waste Baseline Audit Scorecard
Figure Figure 1
Description Temporary on Site Sorting Facilities
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Background Environmental protection and sustainable development are part and parcel of the daily operations of the Gammon Construction Limited (referred to hereinafter as the GCL). GCL will initiate appropriate actions in order to minimize, and where possible eliminate, the environmental impact arising from the construction of this project. (Project description)
2.
Purpose of the Plan With the baseline of 2007 (4.13 tons per HKD 1M turnover), building division aimed to achieve 30% reduction in landfill intensity by the end of 2018 (2.89 tons per HKD 1M turnover), we must: 1. exercise better planning and design; 2. reduce the waste generated and; 3. reduce sent to landfill by increasing reuse and recycle arrangements Set the target for this project is to diverting construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators; redirecting recyclable resources back to the manufacturing process or redirecting reusable materials to appropriate sites. (Please refer to waste management handbook, section 7.2.) This Project-Specific Waste Management Plan (WMP) aims to describe the arrangements for minimising the generation of surplus construction and demolition (C&D) materials and carrying out effective on-site sorting of C&D materials and minimising the generation of C&D waste from equipment/material packaging during the course of the Works. The WMP shall address the potential and actual impacts and necessary mitigation measures in light of the preferred construction programme and consists of the following:•
•
•
•
A review of the ordinances, regulations, codes of practices as well as contractual obligations that are applicable to the wastes arising from the Works; An organisation chart setting out the roles and responsibilities of the Contractor’s personnel responsible for waste management and appropriate mitigation measures; An analysis of timing, quantities and types of Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials are anticipated to be generated in the course of the execution of the Works; A classification of C&D materials into inert portion (Public Fill) and non-inert portion (C&D Waste);
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•
•
•
2
Proposals for avoiding/minimizing, handling, recycling, reuse, return, storage and disposal of C&D materials, chemical waste and general refuse; An appraisal of the potential establishment on site of a sorting facility, including the identification of potential area on-site of facilitate the waste sorting; A monitoring and auditing proposal to ensure that the requirements of the WMP are properly implemented.
3.
Waste Management Strategies
3.1
Hierarchy The various waste management options shall be categorised in terms of preference from an environmental viewpoint. The options considered to be more preferable have the least impacts and are more sustainable in the longer term. Hence, the hierarchy of waste management is as follows: •
•
•
•
Rethink is careful planning at the design and drawing stages. It is at this stage that the greatest reductions in waste can be achieved.; Reduce waste by eliminating over-ordering of construction materials, waste is avoided and costs are reduced both in terms of purchasing of raw materials and in disposing of waste.; On site, the Reuse and Recycle of materials should be maximized to avoid Disposal; and Treatment and disposal, according to relevant laws, guidelines and good practice.
This hierarchy shall be used to evaluate waste management options, thus allowing maximum waste reduction.
4.
Organization Structure The project organisation with respect to waste management works is outlined in the following sections.
4.1
Project Manager The Project Manager is responsible to the Contract Manager for overall planning, site operations, appointment of committee members for waste management, staff supervision control co-ordination and external liaison. He is ultimately responsible for all aspects of waste management issues within the Project, which they achieve by implementation of the WMH. He is also responsible for provision of necessary support to the environmental engineer for the preparation and review of waste management and arrangement of site staff to
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attend environmental training with regard to waste management organised by other bodies or the environmental engineer. The Project Manager has the following responsibilities in relation to waste management: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii.
4.2
Keep abreast of the requirements of the statutory regulations in relation to waste management; Ensure works are executed in accordance with the WMH; Arrange routine joint site inspection with environmental engineer and review environmental inspection report submitted by the environmental engineer; Ensure appropriate waste management mitigation measures are properly implemented; Ensure follow up actions are properly undertaken in the event of non-compliance of the waste management plan; Review method statement to ensure appropriate mitigation measures are implemented prior to execution of work; and Monitor the following documents. • any statutory required waste management permits/licenses including dumping licence, chemical waste producer, admission ticket and etc; • C&D material disposal delivery record; and, • waste reuse / recycle / disposal summary.
Site Agent He shall have the following duties in relation to environmental control: i. ii. iii. iv. v.
4.3
Assist the Project Manager in implementing the waste management plan; Monitor and control the works including those of subcontractors to ensure compliance of WMH; Report to the Project Manager regarding non-compliance of any waste management issues; Ensure the remedial actions or mitigation measures are carried out as planned; and Supervise and arrange the maintenance of waste management facilities.
Foremen Foremen are responsible for the following duties in relation to environmental control: i. ii.
Assist the Site Agent in implementing the WMH; Control the works including those of subcontractors to fulfil the requirement of waste management issues; iii. Report to the Site Agent any non-compliance of any waste management issues; iv. Maintain the on-site waste management facilities including sorting area, temporary storage area, general refuse bins, recycling bins and etc; v. Leading task force to do sorting and separation at source, housekeeping, waste collection, disposal management in site vi. Carry out remedial actions or mitigation measures to rectify the non-compliance; vii. They shall carry out routine maintenance of waste management facilities. Maintenance records shall be kept in site office.
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4.4
4
Environmental Engineer The Environmental Engineer shall oversee the implementation and the performance of the WMH and shall also be responsible for: i.
ii. iii. iv. v. 4.5
Reviewing works programmes, method statements, licence application and other relevant documentation so as to ensure the best practice would be implemented to generate no unacceptable impacts with respect to waste management to the established guidelines/standards; Identifying any potential unanticipated or greater than expected waste impacts; Formulating any necessary preventative or remedial measures to be taken for these potential impacts; Liaising and consulting with all relevant parties during implementing WMH; Preparing training material for environmental toolbox talks with regard to waste management and disseminating guidance notes to operatives.
Task Force for Waste Management Depending on the size of individual project, task force led by a project coordinator/supervisor provided with direct labours and technically supported by the project environmental team shall implement waste management on site (planning, waste identification of each construction stage, sorting and separation at source, housekeeping, waste collection, disposal management and reporting).
5.
Analysis of Waste
5.1
Analysis of Waste Generation Different types and quantities of waste will be generated throughout the construction period of the Project from various construction activities and daily operation of the construction site. Please refer to Waste Management Handbook, Appendix C Construction Phase Site setup
Foundation / ELS
Activities
Predicted Waste Type
Site hoarding
Waste concrete
Demolition
Building rubbles etc
Protection
Temp Wood
Grouting
Cement bag
Excavation
Excavated materails
Steel platform
Steel
(Please insert construction activities involved)
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Waste Reduction Measures
6.1
Reduce Waste at Source
5
This section is the measures taken in Design and Planning Stage and Procurement that is more focusing on Rethink and Reduce. Waste Management Handbook, Section 8 & Appendix E) For example, the formworks will be designed to maximise the use of standard wooden panels so that high reuse levels can be achieved. More durable alternatives such as reusable metal formwork, falsework, trench supports and the like shall be optimized for use in repetitive areas to increase the potential for reuse, if applicable. Precast unit or pre-fabricated unit is also encouraged to adopt since it will reduce the wastage from the waste generation on site. BIM application is also an effective tool to avoid the wastage due to crushing of E&M services. 6.2
Management of Construction and Demolition Materials All Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials arising from or in connection with the Works will be sorted on the Site to recover reusable and/or recyclable materials. The system will include the identification of waste, estimated quantity, arrangement for onsite sorting and/or collection, temporary storage areas, etc. The temporary on site sorting facilities layout plan for sorting facilities is provided and reviewed regularly, Figure 1. Description of the planning of logistic mode, sorting facilities Materials should be sorted at source but not limited to the following categories: •
Hard Rock and Large Broken Concrete suitable for Reuse on the Site or recycling at a designated location;
•
Residue Concrete
•
Metals;
•
Paper and plastics;
•
Timber waste;
•
Chemical waste; and
•
Materials suitable for Disposal at Public Fill Reception Facilities and Landfills/Outlying Islands Transfer Facilities.
The planning of logistic routine for the waste collection from different floor should be considered, refuse chute, jump lift and hoist. Landfill waste, recyclables and inert waste should be transported down separately to avoid contamination.
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Waste facilities to facilitate on-site sorting, collection and temporary storage of waste materials is continued to maintain. The waste facilities including the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Designated area for temporary storage of Inert C&D Material Designated waste skip for temporary storage of non-inert C&D Material Recycling cages for collection of waste metal, plastic and paper. Recycling bins for collection of waste papers, cans and plastic bottles Designated storage area for chemical waste
Sufficient space for temporary storage of C&D materials will be identified and provided to facilitate collection and/or sorting on the Site. Except for those inert C&D materials to be reused on the Site, all other C&D materials off the Site will be removed as soon as practicable to optimise the use of the on-site storage space. As presented in the Waste Management Hierarchy, the GCL accords the highest priority to managing waste through reduction at source. To this end, the following measures shall be implemented. • Management of construction materials such that over-ordering, poor storage and maintenance, mishandling as well as improper operation procedures shall be avoided; • Restriction on use of hardwood such that softwood, metal props and/or proprietary steel system shall be considered for falsework and the shoring of trenches and pits; • The formwork shall be designed to maximise the use of standard wooden panels so that high reuse levels can be achieved. More durable alternatives such as steel formwork or plastic facing shall be considered for repetitive areas to increase the potential for reuse; • C&D materials shall be, as much as possible and practicable, separated into reusable items and materials to be disposed of or recycled. It shall be conducted at the immediate working area to avoid loss / leakage and cross contamination during handling; • All C&D materials arising from or in connection with the construction and demolition work shall be sorted on-site and be separated into different categories for disposal at landfills, public filling areas, or reuse and recycling as appropriate. The sorting area may be revised from time to time in order to suit the construction activities; • Useful materials such as timber, rubble and steel / metal shall be segregated for reuse. For example formwork and timber shall be cleaned for reuse, off-cuts of reinforcement shall be sorted into usable lengths and short off cuts stacked for scrap metal. Where it is no longer reusable, scrap steel and metal items will be collected by recycling companies; • Segregated materials shall be temporarily stored at designated areas for reuse on site. Steel will be stored at the reinforcement yards, timber at the formwork yard and rubble in a stockpile (either covered or sprayed to control dust). Cardboard and paper packaging recovered from site shall be properly stockpiled in dry condition and covered; • The remaining non-reusable C&D materials shall be sorted on-site into the inert portion (e.g. rock, brick, bituminous material, concrete and soil, etc.) as the “public fill” and the non-inert portion (e.g. timber, vegetation and paper, etc.) as the “C&D waste”. All inert C&D materials shall be broken down according to the
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Dumping License conditions prior to disposal to government approved public filling outlets. The hard inert construction and demolition (C&D) materials, such as broken rock and concrete which can be recycled into aggregates for reuse in construction works, shall be delivered to the C&D material sorting and recycling facility at Chai Wan Barging Point. The non-recyclable portion of C&D waste (containing no more than 30% by weight of inert content) shall be tipped at the landfill such as SENT Landfill. Recycling companies will be arranged to collect the recyclable portion of C&D waste; • In order to avoid over-order of concrete, accurate calculation shall be made prior to concrete pouring. Close supervision shall also be arranged during concrete pouring to avoid over-cast; and • Surplus concrete shall be used for paving of temporary road or cast of concrete blocks for bunding etc. as far as practicable. In case immediate use of surplus concrete cannot be identified, the surplus concrete will be temporarily poured into designated surplus concrete pouring areas on site for further disposal to public filling areas. • Materials suppliers could take back surplus materials and packing materials. (Please inert appropriate measures adopted on site) 6.3
Cut and Fill Balance of Inert Waste In order to maximize the reuse of surplus inert construction waste generated from the site, team will strike for reusing excavated material as back fill material to balance cut and fill on site. If cut and fill could not be balanced on site, team will try their best endeavour to identify the alternative disposal site (i.e. other construction project) in order to reuse surplus inert C&D material.
6.4
Recycling To minimise the amount of waste disposal to landfills, the general refuse shall be reused and recycled as much as practical. Waste sorting and segregation shall be carried out in accordance with the following categories for recycling: •
Steel Bars
•
Plastic (i.e. plastic bag, plastic bottle, plastic packaging, etc.)
•
Rubber;
•
Paper;
•
Wood/ timber; and
•
Metal (i.e. aluminium can, steel metal, ferrous metal, and non-ferrous metal).
Equipment and material packaging (ie paper and cardboard) will be recovered, properly stockpiled in dry and covered condition to prevent cross contamination by other C&D materials. Particular attention will be paid to avoid cross contamination in the course of collecting paper for recycling. Arrangements will be made with recycling contractors to ensure that recyclable materials sorted from the Site are collected with reasonable care.
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Proposed types of waste facilities, waste handler and collection frequency are given below. (Please refer to Waste Management Handbook, Section 7.3 and Appendix D) Waste Categories General waste
Waste handler*
packing Confidential Materials Destruction Service Limited or other recycled company registered under EPD for collection of waste paper collect
Collection Frequency**
Sorted into groups of metal, paper and plastic and collect for recycling.
Once the bins are filled.
Scrap metals/steel bars will be collected and send to EPD’s register recycle company for recycle purpose.
Once the temporary steel storage bins/areas are filled
All excess concrete would be reused for consolidate the haul road within site or return to concrete plant for recycling.
Once the concrete work begin.
Wastage of steel
Subcontractor scrap metals.
Surplus concrete
Gammon
Timber
Hong Kong Hung Artifical Board
Wai
Timber should be collected by timber recycle plant for recycle.
After
Plastic
Yai Oi Tong EcoPark Plastic Resources Recycling Center or other recycler approved by EPD
Plastic should be collected by the recycler and reuse.
Once the bin is filled.
* *
to
Treatment approach
The waste handler will be reviewed and updated if necessary. Recycle material will be collected by EPD approved recycler. If the approved recycler is not available, Gammon will submit to EPM’s review and approval.
7.
Approach for Achieving Waste Diversion Target
7.1
Internal Inspection and Review In order to facilitate successful achievement for the Project, the following action will be implemented: •
•
Regular Internal Inspection will be arrange to inspect the site to ensure satisfactory performance on compliance with the WMP; Bi-weekly Environmental and Sustainability Meeting will be carried out with Executive Project Manager, Lead Design Consultant, Sustainability Consultant, Environmental Consultant and the Gammon's Representative in review the progress of LEED and BEAM Plus;
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•
•
7.2
9
Regular Meeting with the Subcontractor to discuss the implementation status of WMP; Training related to waste management of the project will be provided to the operation team to increase their awareness; Closely monitor the recycling rate to ensure successful outcome of achieving recycling rate.
Record Keeping and Reporting All waste treatment (i.e. recycle, reuse etc) should be properly recorded by receipt, photo, delivery form and summary, supporting document should also be provided for individual waste. Smart Waste Account was introduced to all projects for tracing back the quantities of waste to public fill, landfill and designated areas. Data analysis charts are also provided for project team to review. Environmental Performance Data (EPD) will be used to record all waste removed off site each month. The estimated and actual quantities of wastes that will be generated each month from the project will be reported in a monthly basis.
7.3
Waste Audit To review the site management, the project-based waste baseline audit will be conducted quarterly. Project shall be audited by a committee though site visit. A waste baseline audit scorecard was developed to quantify site waste management efforts, shown as Appendix A. By identifying the measures of waste reduction, the facilities support on site and etc, the scoring of baseline audit would reflect the implementation of waste management.
8.
Training and Incentive The Environmental engineer shall be arranged to attend training on waste management organised by training institutes or organisations as considered appropriate. The EE shall arrange and provide training on waste management in the site-specific induction and its refresher training for all persons. The training should cover the waste management policy, targets, measures for on-site sorting of C&D materials and measurement on waste management performance on the Site. The EE is allowed to develop and provide toolbox talks for the topic on on-site sorting of C&D materials to promote the workers' awareness on handling, sorting, reuse and
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recycling of C&D materials at regular intervals. The record of the toolbox talk training record will be presented in the monthly environmental report. Environmental Promotion and Incentive (such as the supermarket coupon) to encourage good waste management performance on site. Waste Management Key Performance Index (WMKPI) was introduced to rank subcontractors on performance indicators tracked across implementation of waste management, Appendix B.
Appendix A Building Waste Baseline Audit Scorecard Waste
Appendix B Waste Management Key Performance Index
Figure 1
Temporary on Site Sorting Facilities
APPENDIX ( Waste Recycling Companies / Charities
Waste Paper
Contacts 3R Hong Kong International Eco-Action Limited Mr. Thomas Ng Phone: 8203 8508 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.3r.com.hk Fook Woo Waste Paper Company Limited Ms. Sandy Fung Phone: 2676 8800
Plastic
3R Hong Kong International Eco-Action Limited Mr. Thomas Ng Phone: 8203 8508 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.3r.com.hk
Services & charges (a) Frequency: ad hoc, need to contact Mr Thomas Ng two days in advance to confirm availability of space (b) Transport: self-transport of waste to 3R warehouse at Fanling (c) Fee: free of charge for self-transport waste. (d) Collection: could be arranged with charges on each order subject to site visit. Not accept: cement bag (a) Each job / location to submit application form to open account. (b) provide nylon bag/ cage for waste collection free of charge (c) Transport: to be collected by Fook Woo. (d) Frequency: need to be agreed with the collection schedule to arrange staffing logistics. (f) Record: can provide monthly report upon request. Not accept: cement bag Procedures are same as above Not accept: Plastic waste mixed with inert waste PVC Thick plastic pipe
Fook Woo Waste Paper Company Limited Ms. Sandy Fung Phone: 2676 8800 Yan Oi Tong EcoPark Plastic Resources Recycling Centre Ms Kit Hui Phone: 2212 5811 Email:
[email protected] Website : http://prrc.yot.org.hk/
(a) Each job / location to submit application form to Yan Oi Tong to open account. (b) Yan Oi Tong will provide suitable bin / metal cage for plastic waste collection free of charge subject to its availability and approval by Yan Oi Tong. (c) Transport: self-transport plastic waste to Yan Oi Tong. (d) Frequency: need to contact Yan Oi Tong 2 days in advance to arrange staffing logistics. (e) Fee: HK$27 weight bridge charge – waived for Gammon accounts. (f) Record: can provide monthly report upon request.
Condition of materials: Minor concrete or grouting on materials is accepted separated each type of plastic
Water-filled Barrier Recycling Mr Harry H Y Wong Phone: 3118 2962/ 6534 8822
Broken concretes, rock, boulders, rubbles, bricks, glass
Tailor Recycled Aggregates Limited Mr. Chan Phone: 2669 8166 Website: http://www.tra.com.hk
Waste Timber
Hong Kong HungWai Artificial Board Mr. Cheung Phone: 2887 7881 Website: http://hungwaiwooden.com/
Not accept:
