Vte Pti P Gen GT 003 - 0
July 26, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Cb lgictl ncb prcscotc nljuhcotl cs scrver nc `uèk pkrk cb usl kprlpeknl nc bks ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl nc cquepls y fkjebenkncs nc prljcsl co bks eostkbkjelocs lpcrktevks nc CJL]C^WLB. CJL]C^WLB.
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Soenk Soenkn n nc ]rljcsl, ] bk bkotk otk l G blquc blquc nc ]rljcsl9 @rupl nc cquepls cquepls nc prljcsl cofljknl cofljknl k uok slbk lpcrkjeúo. p.c. Soenkn nc Ncstebkjeúo nc Jrunl.
G blqucs blqucs nc ]rljcsl 9 Cs uo `rupl nc Soenkncs nc ]rljcsl jlo fuojelocs sehebkrcs, l rcbkjeloknks plr tlhkr kbehcotkjeúo uok nc ltrk, p.c. uok pbkotk nc hczjbk nc kjcetcs bugrejkotcs, uo ërck nc tkoqucs quc kbehcotk k uok Wcfeocrèk.
Zetel9 Olrhkbhcotc sc rcfecrc kb bu`kr co nlonc sc ugejko bls Gblqucs nc ]rljcsl.
Nestregujeúo y cspk cspkjek jekhec hecot otl l ncb ncb Zetel (Zeteo` kon B kylut ylut)9 )9 Jlrrcspl Jlrrcsplonc onc k bk nes nestre treguj gujeúo eúo y cspkjekhecotl cotrc Gblqucs nc ]rljcsl l Soenkncs nc ]rljcsl.
]krk uok Soenkn cspcjèfejk, sc rcfecrc k bk ugejkjeúo nc ltrks Soenkncs l cbchcotls nc prljcsls ugejknls co cb Lffsetc (Zcrvejels, Lfejeoks, Zcpkrknlr K]E, ^ck, ctj.).
Nestregujeúo y cspk cspkjekh jekhecot ecotl l nc cquep cquepls ls (Cqueph (Cquephco cott bk bkylut ylut ko kon n spkjeo spkjeo`` )9 Jlrrcsplonc Jlrrcsplonc k bk nestregujeúo y nestkojeks cotrc cquepls ncotrl ncb Bèhetc nc Gktcrèk (G.B.) nc bk Soenkn.
Jkpk nc Zc` urenkn l n nc c prlt prltcjjeúo9 cjjeúo9 Zestc Zestchks hks nc prltcj prltcjjeúo jeúo quc `cocrkbhcotc `cocrkbhcotc eovlbujrko eovlbujrko nescû nescûls ls cspcjekbcs, cquepl nc prljcsl, sestchk nc jlotrlb gësejl nc prljcsl, prljcnehecotls knheoestrktevls y/l rcspucstks pbkocknks pkrk prltcjjeúo jlotrk uo recs`l eoheocotc.
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Bk kpbejk kpbejkjeú jeúo o ncb jlo jlojcp jcptl tl nc jkp jkpks ks nc sc` sc`ure urenkn nkn sc ute utebez bezk k pkrk jlhpco jlhpcoskr skr bks nes nestko tkojek jeks, s, juk jukonl onl cb cspkjekhecotl nesploegbc cs hcolr quc cb ncscknl, y pkrk ehpbchcotkr kspcjtls knejelokbcs nc sc`urenkn eotrèoscjk eotrè oscjk kb nescûl. Cstks jkpks pucnco pucnco eojbuer bks cstrktc`e cstrktc`eks ks nc sc`urenkn sc`urenkn eoacrco eoacrcotcs tcs pkrk prcvcoer prcvcoer bls eojencotcs, eojen cotcs, heoehezkr heoehezkr bk csjkbkjeúo y heoehezkr cb ehpkjtl, y pucnc eojbusl eojbusl tcocr co jucotk prljc prljcsls sls hcols recs`lsls, recs` lsls, hcolrcs nestko nestkojeks jeks nc scpkrk scpkrkjeúo, jeúo, supcrvese supcrveseúo úo ncb lpcrknlr, sestchks sestchks nc jlotrl jlotrlb,b, eotcr eotcrbljds, bljds, nesplsetevls nc prltcjjeúo y sestchks nc rcspucstks nc chcr`cojeks. Bk kpbejkjeúo nc cstk cstrktc`ek jlhprconc bks se`uecotcs fkscs9
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]rljcsls y jlotrlbcs k knheoestrktevls nheoestrktevls
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Co cstk `uèk sc ksuhc quc cb Zetel yk ak senl scbcjjeloknl y quc bls vkrels jlhplocotcs nc bk ]bkotk pucnco scr bljkbezknls uols rcspcjtl k ltrls. ]krk cstk fksc sc ncgc tcocr co jucotk bk eoflrhkjeúo tlpl`rëfejk, bk nercjjeúo ncb vecotl y bls recs`ls eoacrcotcs k bls prljcsls. Co cb jksl nc uok cxpkoseúo co Soenkncs cxestcotcs, pucnc nchkonkr bk khpbekjeúo nc bls sestchks nc jlotrkeojconel u ltrks skbvk`ukrnks, ncgenl k bks behetkjelocs nc cspkjel. Jlo bks kotcrelrcs jlosencrkjelocs, feokbhcotc bls cquepls eonevenukbcs nc uok Soenkn pucnco scr nestreguenls y ncfeoer bk nestkojek cotrc cbbls. Cb cspkjekhecotl nc cquepls ncgcrèk fkjebetkr kb hëxehl bk lpcrkjeúo y cb hkotcoehecotl nc bk Soenkn, plr jlose`uecotc heoehezk bls recs`ls kb pcrslokb nc lpcrkjeúo y nc hkotcoehecotl. Cb cspkjekhecotl kyunkrë knchës k heoehezkr bk jlo`csteúo nc bls cqu cquepls, epls, bl jukb rcnujerë bks jloscjucojeks nc eojconels eojconels y pltcojekbcs cxpblselocs. Bk nes nestre treguj gujeúo eúo ncb Zet Zetel el y bks `uèks tèp tèpejk ejkss nc csp cspkje kjekhe khecot cotl l nc cquepl cqueplss quc sc prcscot prcscotko, ko, tecoco jlhl fuonkhcotl cb koëbeses nc prëjtejks y cstëonkrcs usknls co bk eonustrek ncb pctrúbcl, cotrc ltrks, bks rcfcrcojeknks co cb ouhcrkb ;:. Bks nestkojeks nc scpkrkjeúo nc bks ^kgbks nc cstk `uèk slo nestkojeks tèpejks, nctcrheoknks jlo gksc co uok rcveseúo nc nktls y ol plr koëbeses cstknèstejls nc bls heshls. Jlo frcjucojek bls nktls sc prcscotko jlhl uo rko`l, pkrk cb jukb sc scbcjjelok cb vkblr hës rcprcscotktevl. Knejelokbhcotc cstks nestkojeks tèpejks ksuhco uo oevcb hèoehl nc prltcjjeúo jlotrkeojconel co cb Zetel jlo gksc co bks olrhks ncb OF]K, oevcb quc jlhprconc bk rcn nc jlotrke jlotrkeojcon ojconel, el, aenrkotcs, hloetlrcs, cquepls nc jlotrk jlotrkeojco eojconel nel y nrcokic nrcokic kncjuk kncjuknl nl pkrk prcvcoer prcvcoer eouonkjelocs nurkotc uo eojconel. Bks nestkojeks tkhgeåo pucnco scr kuhcotknks l rcnujenks jlo gksc co uo koëbeses nc recs`l nc bks jlonejelocs ncb setel cspcjèfejl, l jukonl sc ehpbchcotko hcnenks nc prltcjjeúo jlotrkeojconel knejelokbcs, tkbcs jlhl fercprllfeo`, sestchks nc rljeknlrcs nc k`uk l nc cspuhk, sestchks nc nctcjjeúo nc eojconel, l sestchks nc kpk`knk nc chcr`cojek, l sc ehpbchcotko ltrks jkpks nc prltcjjeúo (;). :. :.77
]CWZ ]CWZ]C ]CJ J^EVK ^EVKZ Z FS^S FS^SWK WKZ Z
Bk rcveseúo pcreúnejk nc bk tlbcrkojek kb recs`l pucnc scr ocjcskrek co bk hcnenk co quc bk tcjolbl`èk kvkozk, bls setels sc cxpkonco, bls prljcsls y bks rc`ubkjelocs jkhgeko, y bls kbrcncnlrcs fucrk ncb bèhetc nc bks fkjebenkncs, (p.c uo vcjeon vcjeonkrel), krel), jkhgek jkhgeko o jlo cb techpl. Zc ncgc tcocr prcscotc quc eojrch eojrchcotkr cotkr cb cspkjel pucnc prlvccr uok hkylr fbcxegebenkn co bk hcnenk co quc bks nchkonks co cb futurl cvlbujeloko, pkrk ksc`urkr bk vekgebenkn k bkr`l pbkzl nc bks fkjebenkncs ncb prlycjtl. >
CZ CZ]K ]KJE JEKH KHECO ECO^L ^L NC GBL[ GBL[SC SCZ Z U C[SE C[SE]L ]LZ Z CO CB ZE^ ZE^EL EL
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Cstk `uèk ol oucvks jugrc bls pksls prcbeheokrcs nc scbcjjeúo ncbkkbtcroktevks cvkbukr pkrk ncfeoer cb ‒Zetel‘ nc bks eostkbkjelocs eonustrekbcs. Zc pkrtc nc prchesk nc quc quc sc yk rcquecrc åstc ak senl ncfeoenl.
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Sok vcz scbcjjeloknl cb Zetel, sc ncgc akjcr cb hcilr usl ncb heshl jlo gksc co bks ocjcsenkncs ncb prljcsl, bls jlstls nc jkpetkb, bls jlstls ncb jejbl nc venk ncb prlycjtl, y bks jlosencrkjelocs nc skbun, sc`urenkn y hcnel khgecotc. Bls pksls k sc`uer slo bls se`uecotcs9
Jlosencrkr cb Zetel, cb hcnel khgecotc y bls kbrcncnlrcs
Nesplocr bls Gblqucs nc ] ]rljcsls rljcsls hkylrcs, bls scrvejels eonustrekbcs, eonustrekbcs, bks fkjebenkncs cxtcroks (Lffsetcs) y bks cnefejkjelocs.
Nesplsejeúo y cspkjekhecotl nc bls cquepls n ncotrl cotrl nc bks ]bkotks l Soenkncs cspcjèfejks.
Bks rcstrejjelocs ncb setel pucnco scr, cotrc ltrks, nc tepl tlpl`rëfejk, `clbú`ejk, nc recs`ls okturkbcs, nc rutks nc kjjcsl behetknks, nc kjtevenkncs jcrjkoks, nc fkjebenkncs cxestcotcs l nc kjjcsl k eofrkcstrujturk. ]krk nesplocr bk nestregujeúo co cb Zetel sc kpbejk uok hctlnlbl`èk nc nestregujeúo nc Gblqucs nc ]rljcsl, quc jlosestc co9 -
K`r K`rupk upkrr `rkonc `rkoncss Gblquc Gblqucss nc jkrkjt jkrkjtcrè crèste stejks jks sehe sehebkr bkrcs, cs, bls juk jukbcs bcs uok vcz nest nestreg reguen uenls ls pcrhetco pcrhetco quc bk nestregujeúo nestregujeú o gësejk nc pbkotk pucnc scr coskhgb coskhgbknk. knk. Bls gblquc gblqucss tèpejls slo9 ërcks nc prljcsl, prljcsl, ërcks nc scrvejel, cbchcotls cxtcrols (Lffsetcs), cnefejels nc lfejeok y cnefejels knheoestrktevls.
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Zc`rc Zc`rc`kr `kr bls nef nefcrcotc crcotcss tepls nc recs`ls recs`ls co gblqu gblqucs cs scpkrk scpkrknls. nls. Soe Soenkncs nkncs nc prljcsls prljcsls nc kbtl kbtl recs`l sc k`rupko co uo gblquc y sc scpkrko nc ltrls tepls nc recs`ls (cnefejels, kbhkjcokhecotl).
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Kpbe Kpbejkr jkr bk scpkrkjeúo scpkrkjeúo co cotrc trc gblqu gblqucs cs jlose jlosencrkon ncrkonl l bks jktc jktc`lrèks `lrèks nc re recs`l cs`l sc`ùo sc`ùo kpbequc. kpbequc.
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Sok vcz ncfe ncfeoenls oenls bls `rk `rkoncs oncs gbl gblqucs, qucs, bls nct nctkbbc kbbcss nc cspkjekhe cspkjekhecotl cotl cotr cotrc c Soenkncs Soenkncs nc jknk gblquc gblquc pucnc scr bbcvknl k jkgl.
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HC^L HC^LNLB NLBL@E L@EK K NC CBK CBKGLW GLWKJ KJELO ELO NC BKZ ^KG ^KGBKZ BKZ NC CZ]K CZ]KJEK JEKHECO HECO^L ^L
Ncgenl k bk nevcrsenkn nc bk okturkbczk nc bls prljcsls nc bk eonustrek ncb pctrúbcl, `ks y pctrlquèhejk, bls jukbcs jucotko jlo cquepls nc jkrkjtcrèstejks sehebkrcs, cs kbtkhcotc jlovcoecotc knlptkr uo sestchk quc pcrhetk bk jbksefejkjeúo nc bls prljcsls y quc sc cstrujturc jlo uo oùhcrl hèoehl nc ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl, pkrk hkotcocr kb hëxehl bk eotc`renkn nc cstc sestchk. ]krk cb cfcjtl sc ak knlptknl cb sestchk nc jbksefejkjeúo nc bls prljcsls sc`ùo su oevcb nc recs`l, ksljeknl k su pltcojekb pkrk `cocrkr eojencotcs nc chcr`cojek (7). Co cstk flrhk sc ako jbksefejknl bls nefcrcotcs prljcsls nc CJL]C^WLB. Sok vcz ncfeoenl bk jktc`lrèk nc recs`l nc uo ]rljcsl, sc nctcrheok cb cspkjekhecotl cotrc Gblqucs nc prljcsl y sc`uenkhcotc bks nestkojeks nc scpkrkjeúo nc cquepls ncotrl ncb Bèhetc nc Gktcrèk nc bks ]bkotks. Bks ^kgbks ncskrrlbbknks pkrk bk prcscotc `uèk, ako senl cbkglrknks jlo gksc co uok rcveseúo nc ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl usknks co eonustreks prevknks ncb scjtlr ncb pctrúbcl, `ks y pctrlquèhejk, ^kgbks `uèks nc jlhpkûèks nc sc`urls (:), `uèks nc cspkjekhecotl aestúrejl, rc`ubkjelocs, jloscosl, cstëonkrcs y cxpcrecojek co eo`coecrèk. Kuo jukonl bks ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl ol prlvcco uok rcspucstk kokbètejk cxkjtk, slo uo hcnel rëpenl y cfcjtevl co jlstl pkrk akjcr uok nestregujeúo nc uo Zetel, hecotrks sc tlhk vcotkik nc bk cxpcrecojek se`oefejktevk jlotcoenl co nejaks ^kgbks. Cb usl nc bks ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl ol cxjbuyc bk plsegebenkn nc uok kpbejkjeúo eokprlpeknk. Bks ^kgbks ako senl ncskrrlbbknks jlo gksc co csjcokrels nc eojconel, pcrl k hcounl ako senl hkb kpbejknks k uo khpbel rko`l nc recs`ls pltcojekbcs. Ol cs jlrrcjtl jlosencrkr cb cspkjekhecotl co bks ^kgbks jlhl uo vkblr kgslbutl, co su bu` bu`kr kr ncgc ncgc. jlo jlosen sencrk crkrsc rsc jlh jlhl l uokprehcr uokprehcrk k kprlxe kprlxehkj hkjeúoquc eúoquc ncgcrèk ncgcrèk scr sc` sc`uen uenk k nc uo koëbes koëbeses es nc jlo jloscj scjuco ucojek jek cspcjèfejl
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
]krk uok nestregujeúo feokb nc cquepls, uok kprlxehkjeúo kprlpeknk jlosesterèk co kokbezkr bls recs`ls cspcjèfejls y bks jkpks nc prltcjjeúo vesukbezknks, y cotlojcs eojrchcotkr l ncjrcjcr cb vkblr jetknl, sc`ùo sck ocjcskrel. Jukonl sc usco bks ^kgbks nc cspkjekhecotl, ncgc tcocrsc cb juenknl nc ksc`urkr quc cs kpbejkgbc pkrk cb prljcsl jlosencrknl y cb recs`l jlrrcsplonecotc. Ze bk ^kgbk nc cspkjekhecotl ol cs kpbejkgbc kb prljcsl ncgenl k quc cxestc uok prcljupkjeúo prcljupkjeúo slgrc uok pltcoje pltcojekb kb cxpbl cxpblseúo seúo l fu`k túxejk, cotlojc cotlojcs s nc ncgcrèk ncgcrèk rcjurrer k uo håtlnl kbtcrol. Cstc jlosestc co jlosencrk cb ncskrrlbbl nc bks nestkojeks nc cspkjekhecotl pkrk bk nestregujeúo cspcjèfejk cspcjè fejk ncb setel y pkrëhctrls pkrëhctrls nc prljcs prljcsl, l, hcnekotc uo hlncbk hlncbkhecotl hecotl nc jloscjucojek jloscjucojeks s pkrk cxpblseúo, cxpblseúo, tlxejenkn c eojconel. Bk hcilr slbujeúo prlgkgbchcotc jlosestc co akjcr uok jlhgeokjeúo nc bks nls kotcrelrcs kprlxehkjelocs9 Sskr bk ^kgbk nc cspkjekhecotl pkrk bk prehcrk nestregujeúo nc Gblqucs, bl jukb ncgcrèk scr sufejecotc pkrk bk hkylrèk ncb cspkjekhecotl cspkjekhecotl nc cquep cquepls, ls, y sc`uer sc`uer jlo uok nestre nestregujeú gujeúo o y cspkje cspkjekhecot khecotl l hës nctkbbknk pkrk kqucbbks nestkojeks quc `cocrco prcljupkjeúo. Co cb jksl co quc cxestko prcljupkje prcljupkjelocs locs slgrc pltcojekb pltcojekbcs cs recs`ls nc sustkojeks sustkojeks tlxejks y/l cxpblselocs cxpblselocs jlo rcbkjeúo k bks cnefejkjelocs, sc rcquecrc hlncbkr bks jloscjucojek quc pcrhetko nctcrheokr bks nestkojeks nc scpkrkjeúo scpkrk jeúo cspcjè cspcjèfejks fejks pkrk cb setel, jlhl sc ncsjr ncsjregc egc co bk rcfcrc rcfcrcojek ojek (>).
Cstk `uèk servc nc lrecotkjeúo tkotl pkrk Jbksefejkr cb recs`l nc uok Soenkn nc ]rljcsl co CJL]C^WLB, jlhl pkrk uskr bks ^kgbks nc cspkjekheco cspkjekhecotl tl tèpejl kpbejkgbc, kpbejkgbc, jlo bks lgscrvk lgscrvkjeloc jelocss kotcrelrcs, kotcrelrcs, Zc rcjlheconk rcjlheconk cb kplrtc nc uo cquep cquepl l hubte hubtenesje nesjepbeokr pbeokrel el (hèoehl bk pkrtejepkje pkrtejepkjeúo úo nc bks cspcjekbe cspcjekbenkncs nkncs nc prljcsl, prljcsl, tugcrèk, tugcrèk, eostruhcotkjeúo y sc`urenkn nc prljcsl) pkrk su cfcjtevk kpbejkjeúo co bks fkjebenkncs y prljcsls eonustrekbcs nc CJL]C^WLB. >.:
JBK JBKZEF ZEFEJK EJKJEL JELO O NCB WEC WECZ@L Z@L NC BKZ L]CW L]CWKJ KJELO ELOCZ CZ NC ]WL ]WLJCZ JCZL L
]krk prlpúsetl nc bls rcqucrehecotls nc cspkjekhecotl, bls prljcsls nefecrco uols nc ltrls co rrkzúo kzúo k bls recs`ls eoacrcotcs k bls heshls. Sok jbksefejkjeúo ksljeknk k bls recs`ls nc fuc`l y cxpblseúo nc kjucrnl k bks sustkojeks quc sc hkociko, sc cxprcsk co bks se`uecotcs jktc`lrèks (7)9 k) Wecs` Wecs`l l Hl Hlncrknl ncrknl / Gk Gkil il g) Wecs` Wecs`l l Eotcrhc Eotcrhcnel nel j) Wec Wecs`l s`l Kbtl Kbtl Bls prljcsls quc pucnko jlosencrkrsc nc hcolr recs`l quc cb Hlncrknl sc jbksefejko jlhl nc Wecs`l Gkil, seo chgkr`l, co cstk @uèk sc jlosencrkrëo co bk heshk jktc`lrèk quc bk ncb Wecs`l Hlncrknl. Bks nefcrcotcs jktc`lrèks tecoco cb prlpúsetl nc quc sc usco pkrk ncfeoer bls rcqucrehecotls nc cspkjekhecotl cotrc ]bkotks. Hujals ltrls fkjtlrcs y iuejels pucnco kuo kfcjtkr bk jktc`lrèk kse`oknk kb prljcsl, tkbcs jlhl9 -
^khk ^khkûl ûl nc bls rcj rcjepe epecot cotcs cs
-
Wctco Wctcojeúo jeúo nc bèque bèquenls nls eofbk eofbkhkgbc hkgbcss
-
^khk ^khkûl ûl nc bk Soe Soenkn nkn
-
Fks Fksc c `ks vs bèq bèquen uenk k
-
]rcse rcseú úo ^c ^chp hpcrk crktu turk rk
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
-
Aes Aestlr tlrek ek nc pårnen pårnenk k
-
Eotcrn Eotcrncpc cpconc oncoje ojek k
-
^echpl hucrtl co rcjlost rcjlostrujje rujjeúo. úo.
-
Cxtc Cxtcoseúo oseúo ncb hcrjkn hcrjknl l jlhpkrt jlhpkrtenl. enl.
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Co jlojbuseúo, se kb`uol nc bls fkjtlrcs kotcrelrcs cs rcbcvkotc, sc rcjlheconk cbcvkr bk jbksefejkjeúo ncb prljcsl k bk se`uecotc jktc`lrèk. Bks chprcs chprcsks ks k ksc`urk sc`urknlrks nlrks ako knlp knlptknl tknl uok jbkse jbksefejkj fejkjeúo eúo nc recs` recs`l l pkrk pkrk bk eonustrek eonustrek ncb pctrúb pctrúbcl cl y pctrlquèhejk pctrlquèhejk (7), cstkgbcjeconl bks jktc`lrèks pkrk bls se`uecotcs prljcsls eonustrekbcs9
WECZ@L H HLNCWKNL LNCWKNL L GKIL
Co cstk jktc`lrèk sc eojbuyco bls prljcsls, lpcrkjelocs l hktcrekbcs quc tecoco uo recs`l nc cxpblseúo behetknl y uo gkil l hlncrknl recs`l nc eojconel. Cstk jbksc `cocrkbhcotc jlhprconc rckjjelocs conltårhejks y lpcrkje lpc rkjeloc locss ol rck rckjte jtevks vks,, tkbcs tkbcs jlhl ncsteb ncstebkje kjeúo, úo, kgslrj kgslrjeúo eúo,, hcz hczjbk jbk,, gbc gbcone oneo` o` nc bèq bèquen uenls ls eof eofbkhk bkhkgbc gbcs. s. Wckjjelocs cxltårhejks jlo bèquenls ol eofbkhkgbcs l `kscs tkhgeåo jkco co cstc `rupl nc rec`l. Co cstk jktc`lrèk sc encotefejko bls se`uecotcs prljcsls9
Koaènrenl kjåtejl
Kjctlok
Kneploetrebl
Khloèkjl
Ncstebkjeúo nc Jrunl
Nehcteb flrhkhenk
Jblrlhctkols
Ctkolb k pkrter pkrter nc hctkolb
Ctebco`bejlb
Flrhkbncaènl
Hcteb kheoks
Hcteb cteb jctlok
Cxtrkjjeúo jlo slbvcotc
Cstercol
Srck
Vesjlrrcnujtlrk
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
WECZ@L EO^CWHCNEL
Cstk jktc`lrèk eojbuyc prljcsls, lpcrkjelocs l hktcrekbcs quc tecoco uo recs`l nc cxpblseúo kprcjekgbc y uo recs`l nc fuc`l hlncrknl. Cstk jktc`lrèk `cocrkbhcotc jlhprconc rckjjelocs cxltårhejks nc tepl hcnel. Co cstk jktc`lrèk sc ugejko bls se`uecotcs prljcsls eonustrekbcs9
Kbquebkjeúo (Wcfeocrèk) Gcojcol (nc tlbucol-xebcol)
G^Q
Juhcol
Jejblacxkol
Ctebgcojcol
Hctkolb (plr Wcflrhknl)
]lbectebcol AN (pcqucûks uoenkncs)
]rljcsls kslje ksljeknls knls jlo hcteb ct ctebeb jctlok
]rlnujjeúo y scpkrkjeúo nc gcojcol, tlbucol, xebcols.
Jejbl acxkol
Ctebgcojcol
]rlnujjeúo nc aenrú`col pl plrr rcflrhknl.
]lbectebcol AN (uoenkncs pcqucûks)
]lbeprlpebcol
]lbecstercol
]VJ
Wcflrhknl (Wcfeocrèk)
Kjenl tcrcptëbejl
WECZ@L KB^L
Co cstk jktc`lrèk sc eojbuyco kqucbbls prljcsls, lpcrkjelocs l hktcrekbcs quc prcscotko uo recs`l nc cxpblseúo kbtl y recs`ls nc eojconel hlncrknl l kbtl. Cstk jbksc jlhprconc prljcsls kbtkhcotc cxltårhejls l rckjjelocs quc pltcojekbhcotc pltcojekbhcotc sc pucnko ncsjlot ncsjlotrlbkr, rlbkr, y hkoepu hkoepubkjeú bkjeúo o nc prlnujtls nc kbtl recs`l. Co cstk jktc`lrèk jktc`lrèk sc jbksefejko bls se`uecotcs prljcsls9
Ëjenl kjåtejl Kjctkbncaènl (lxenkjeúo)
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
Kjctlok (lxenkjeúo ncb juhcol)
Kjenl kjrèbejl
Gutknecol (lxenkjeúo)
Jkprlbkjtkhk
Juhcol aenrlpcrúxenl
Nehcteb tcrcptkbktl
Ctebcol
Úxenl nc Ctebcol
Aynrljrkjdeo` (Wcfeocrèk)
Koaènrenl hkbcejl (lxe (lxenkjeúo nkjeúo nc ncbb gutkol)
Hcteb hctkjrebktl
Fcolb (lxenkjeúo ncb juhcol)
Koaènrenl ]atkbejl
]lbectebcol BN (kbtk prcseúo)
]lbectebcol AN (`rkoncs uoenkncs)
Lxenl nc prlpebcol
Veoeb kjctktl
Veoeb jblrurl
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Co bk ^kgbk ; ncb Kocxl Ol.; sc prcscotk bk jbksefejkjeúo nc recs`l pkrk bls nefcrcotcs prljcsls eonustrekbcs nc CJL]C^WLB (S] y NLPOZ^WCKH), cbkglrknk kpbejkonl bls jretcrels nc bk rcfcrcojek (7) y bk hctlnlbl`èk ncsjretk co cb ouhcrkb >.7. Bk kpbejkjeúo nc bk hctlnlbl`èk pkrk pkrk ncfeoer bk scpkrkjeúo nc gblqucs nc prljcsls, cquepls cquepls y fkjebenkncs, jugrc bks se`uecotcs ërcks9 ;. Zcpkrkjeúo cotrc Gblqucs (pbko (pbkotks/fkjebenkncs) tks/fkjebenkncs) nc p prljcsl rljcsl 7. Zcpk Zcpkrkjeúo rkjeúo c cotrc otrc cque cquepls pls nc prljcs prljcsl l (ncotrl n ncb cb G.B. G.B.)) :. Zcpk Zcpkrkjeúo rkjeúo co cotrc trc ^koqucs nc Kb Kbhkjcokhe hkjcokhecotl cotl nc aenr aenrljkrgu ljkrgurls rls >. Zcpkrkjeúo c cotrc otrc Cquepls y Fkjebenkncs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl n nc c @B] 3. Zcpkrkjeúo n nc c cquepls co Cstkjelocs nc Glhgcl nc Aenrljkrgurls Bèquenls. 6. Zcpk Zcpkrkjeúo rkjeúo n nc c cquepls co C Cstkjel stkjelocs ocs nc Jlhpr Jlhprcseúo cseúo nc @k @ks. s. 0. Zcpk Zcpkrkjeúo rkjeúo nc cque cquepls pls co Cstkje Cstkjelocs locs nc ]rlnu ]rlnujjeúo jjeúo nc Jru Jrunls nls
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
>.>
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
ZC]K ZC]KWKJ WKJELO ELO NC C[S C[SE]L E]LZ Z CO FKJ FKJEBE EBENKN NKNCZ CZ NC ]LYL ]LYLZ Z ]C^WLB ]C^WLBCWL CWLZ Z
Bks nestkojeks nc scpkrkjeúo nc cquepls co eofrkcstrujturks nc plzls nc eoycjjeúo nc nc `ks, k`uk, y prlnujtlrcs nc jrunl, ako senl cstehknks jlo gksc co bks jlofe`urkjelocs tèpejks nc bls plzls ncb ]ecnchlotc y nc ltrks ërcks nc prlnujjeúo nc jrunl. Zc ako ncfeoenl bks se`uecotcs jktc`lrèks, sc`ùo bk prcseúo l cb rko`l nc prcseúo co jkgczk nc plzl9 k) ]lzl ]lzlss nc eoycjjeúo eoycjjeúo nc `ks, jlo prcseúo co jkg jkgczk czk nc plzl co uo rko`l nc >.=== k 6=== pse g) ]lzl ]lzlss nc prlnujjeúo prlnujjeúo nc jrunl, jlo prcse prcseúo úo co jkgczk nc plzl co uo rko`l nc 3== k :.== :.=== = pse, j) ]lzl nc prl prlnujje nujjeúo úo nc jrunl jrunl,, jlo prcseú prcseúo o co jkgczk nc pl plzl zl hcolr k 3== ps psee n) ]lzl eoy eoycjtlr cjtlr nc k`uk k`uk,, jlo prcseúo co jkgcz jkgczk k nc plzl ncb lrnco nc >.=== pse. pse. 3
ZC]K ZC]KWK WKJE JELO LO CO^W CO^WC C GB GBL[ L[SC SCZ Z NC ]WLJ ]WLJCZ CZL L
Co bk ^kgbk Ol. 7 sc hucstrk hucstrko o bks nestk nestkojeks ojeks jlrrcs jlrrcsplone plonecotcs cotcs k bk scpkrkj scpkrkjeúo eúo cotrc Gblqucs y fkjebenkncs fkjebenkncs nc prljcsl, jlo fuonkhcotl co bks jloscjucojeks nc eojconels pltcojekbcs. Kuo jukonl bk ^ck cs uo cquepl, sc jlosencrk jlhl uo Gblquc pkrk cstkgbcjcr su cspkjekhecotl jlo rcbkjeúo k ltrks ërcks l cquepls. Co cstc jksl cs ocjcskrel ncskrrlbbkr uo Cstunel nc bk Wknekjeúo ^århejk (CW^) jlo gksc co bk hctlnlbl`èk y pkrëhctrls cstkgbcjenls plr cb K]E 37; (3) jlo uo bèhetc nc rknekjeúo nc 3== Gtu/ar.ft7. pkrk prcscojek nc pcrsloks co uo puotl cspcjèfejl jlo rcbkjeúo k bk gksc nc bk ^ck. Co kb`uols jksls tkhgeåo cs ocjcskrel jlosencrkr bèhetcs rcbkjeloknls jlo bk nespcrseúo nc sustkojeks tlxejks y bk buheolsenkn co cb ërck. Bls tkoqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl nc aenrljkrgurls tkhgeåo sc jlosencrko jlhl Gblqucs jukonl sc trktk ncb cspkjekhecot cspkje khecotl l jlo rcspcjtl k Soenkncs Soenkncs nc prljcs prljcsl. l. Zeo chgkr`l jukonl sc rcquecrc rcquecrc cb cspkjekhec cspkjekhecotl otl cotrc cbbls, sc jlosencrko jlhl cquepls eonevenukbcs, y sc ncgc rcjurrer k bk ^kgbk jlrrcsplonecotc. Bls Gblqucs l fkjebenkncs nc prljcsl ncfeoenls slo bls se`uecotcs9
Bèhetcs nc ]rlpecnkn
Cnefejel jlo pc pcrsloks rsloks
Cnefejel ncb J Jcotrl cotrl nc Jlotrlb nc Hltlrcs / Zugcstkjelocs Cbåjtrejks
Jukrtl nc Jlotrlb J Jcotrkb cotrkb
Ërcks nc Zcrvejels Eonustrekbcs (Vkplr y ] ]ltcojek) ltcojek)
Ërcks nc Zcrvejels Eonustrekbcs (Kerc, Oetrú`col Oetrú`col,, Ltrls)
^lrrcs nc Cofrekhecotl
Ërck ^rktkhecotl K`uks W Wcsenukbcs csenukbcs
Glhgks ]re ]reojepkbcs ojepkbcs nc K K`uk `uk Jlotrk Eojconels
Cstkjelocs nc Glhgcrls JE
Soenkncs nc ]rljcsls nc Wecs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil
Soenkncs nc ]rljcsls nc We Wecs`l cs`l Eotcrhcnel
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
Soenkncs nc ] ]rljcsls rljcsls nc Kbtl Wecs`l
Jksctk nc J Jlhprcslrcs lhprcslrcs
Jksk n nc cG Glhgks lhgks
Gkojl Hky Hkylr lr nc ^ugcrèk
Gblw Gblwnlwo nlwo nc ^ck (tkhglr y glhg glhgk) k)
^cks
^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Kthlsfårejls
^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl k ]rcseúo
^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Wcfre`crknls
Yloks nc Bbcokn Bbcokncrl crl y/l Ncsjkr`k Gkil Wecs`l
Yloks nc Bbcokn Bbcokncrl crl y/l Ncsjkr`k Wecs`l Eotcrhcnel
Yloks nc Bbcokncrl y/l Ncsjkr`k nc Kbtl Wecs`l
Ërck nc C Chgkrquc/Wcjegl hgkrquc/Wcjegl nc G Gkil kil Wecs`l (Hu (Hucbbcs) cbbcs)
Ërck nc Chgkrquc/Wcjegl nc Kbtl Wecs`l (H (Hucbbcs) ucbbcs)
Vëbvubk nc Kesbkhecotl ncb Jlhpbcil Eonustrekb
Zcpkrknlr K`uk ‚ Kjcetc K]E
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Bk ^kgbk 7 y bks se`uecotcs jlotecoco jlhcotkrels y oltks cxpbejktevks quc ncgco tcocrsc co jucotk pkrk uok jlrrcjtk eotcrprctkjeúo. Co kb`uols jksls sc rcjlheconko cstunels cspcjèfejls jlhl cb nc Wknekjeúo nc ^cks (CW^), l cb nc Jbksefejkjeúo nc Ërcks (6), l bls quc sc jlosencrko rcbcvkotcs pkrk jukotefejkr uo recs`l l hcner sus jloscjucojeks. Co ltrls jksls sehpbchcotc ol kpbejk cb cspkjekhecotl l ol aky nestkojek hèoehk ksljeknk k jretcrels nc fuc`l, l sc rcjlheconk ncfeoer cb cspkjekhecotl pkrk fkjebetkr bk lpcrkjeúo y cb hkotcoehecotl.
6
ZC]K ZC]KWK WKJE JELO LO CO^W CO^WC C C[SE C[SE]L ]LZ Z NC ]WLJ ]WLJCZ CZL L
Bls cquepls jlosencrknls co cstc ouhcrkb jlrrcsplonco k kqucbbls quc sc cojucotrko ncotrl nc bls Bèhetcs nc Gktcrèk (GB) nc bk Soenk l ]bkotk nc ]rljcsl. Co bk ^kgbk : sc hucstrko bks nestkojeks jlrrcsplonecotcs k bk scpkrkjeúo cotrc bks se`uecotcs fkjebenkncs y cquepls nc prljcsl9
Jukrtl nc Jlo Jlotrlb trlb nc bk ]bkotk
Jukrtls nc Kokbezknlrcs y Bkglrktlrel
Jcotrl nc Ne Nestregujeúo stregujeúo y J Jlotrlb lotrlb Cbåjtrejl
Jlhprcslrcs nc @ks, Cxpk Cxpkoslrcs oslrcs
Glhgk Glhgkss nc Kb Kbtl tl Wec Wecs`l s`l (hkt (hktcrekb crekb eeofbkhk ofbkhkgbc, gbc, ^ ? :;6 ½J, l ? ^KE)
Glhgk Glhgkss nc We Wecs`l cs`l Eo Eotcrhcne tcrhcnel l (hktc (hktcrekb rekb eeofbkhk ofbkhkgbc, gbc, ^ 2 :;6 ½½J, J, y 2 ^KE)
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
Wckjtlrcs nc Kbtl We Wecs`l cs`l
Wckjtlrcs nc Wecs`l Eotc Eotcrhcnel rhcnel
Wckjtlrcs nc We Wecs`l cs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil
Jlbuhoks
^khglrcs
^koqucs Eotcrhcnels (Wuo Nlwo ^kods)
Alrols, Eoje Eojeocrknlrcs, ocrknlrcs, Lx Lxenknlrcs enknlrcs
Kcrlcofreknlrcs
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr jlo hktcrekb eofbkhkgb eofbkhkgbc c ( ^ ? :;6 ½J, l ? ^KE)
Eotcrj Eotcrjkhgekn khgeknlrcs lrcs nc J Jkblr kblr jl jlo o hktcre hktcrekb kb eofb eofbkhkgb khkgbc c ( ^ 2 :;6 ½J, y 2 ^KE)
Wkjds nc ^ugcrèks co bk S Soenkn oenkn
^khglr n nc c Gbl Gblwnlwo wnlwo co bk ]b ]bkotk kotk (glhgk y tkhglr)
^lrrc Cofreknlrk co Soenkn
Soenkncs pkquctcs Kbtl Wecs`l
Soenkncs pkquctcs nc Wecs`l H Hlncrknl lncrknl / Gkil
Vëbvubk nc Gblqucl nc bbk k ]bkotk
0
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
ZC]K ZC]KWKJ WKJELO ELO CO^ CO^WC WC ^KO ^KO[SCZ [SCZ NC KB KBHKJ HKJCOK COKHECO HECO^L ^L NC AEN AENWLJ WLJKW KWGSW GSWLZ LZ
Cb kbhkjcokhecotl nc aenrljkrgurls jlhprconc knchës ncb kbhkjcokhecotl kthlsfårejl, cb kbhkjcokhecotl k prcseúo y cb rcfre`crknl. Ncpconeconl ncb tepl nc kbhkjcokhecotl, cb tepl nc aenrljkrgurl sc`ùo jbksefejkjeúo ncb OF]K := y k bk jkpkjenkn nc kbhkjcokhecotl, sc encotefejko bls se`uecotcs tepls nc kbhkjcokhecotls9
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoe Júoejl jl y Fbltkotc (2 :.=== Gbs)
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoe Júoejl jl y Fbltkotc (?:.=== 2 ;=.=== Gbs)
^koqucs nc ^cjal Fbltkotc (? ;=.=== 2 :==.=== G Gbs) bs)
^koqucs nc ^cjal Fbltkotc Iuhgl (? :==.=== Gbs)
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoe Júoejl, jl, ]rlnujtls Jbksc EE, EEEE EE (2 ;=.=== 2 := :==.=== =.=== Gbs)
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoe Júoejl, jl, ]rlnujtls Jbksc E (? ;=.=== 2 ;3=.=== G Gbs) bs)
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl k prcseúo (Csfcrks y Csfcrle Csfcrlencs) ncs)
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl k prcseúo (^khglrcs y Gkbks)
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl rcfre` rcfre`crknls crknls
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;7/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Bk ^kg ^kgbk bk Ol. > prcsco prcscotk tk bks nestk nestkoje ojeks ks cotrc cotrc tkoquc tkoqucss kth kthlsf lsfåre årejls jls,, co fuo fuojeú jeúo o ncb neë neëhct hctrl rl ncbtkoquchës `rkonc `rkonc y bk jkpkjenkn nc kbhkjcokhecotl, y co cb jksl nc csfcrks, gkbks y tkoqucs rcfre`crknls, co fuojeúo ncb neëhctrl y cb tepl nc fbuenl.
1
ZC]K ZC]KWKJ WKJELO ELO CO^ CO^WC WC C[S C[SE]L E]LZ Z U FKJ FKJEBE EBENKN NKNCZ CZ NC KB KBHKJ HKJCOK COKHEC HECO^L O^L NC @B] @B]..
Bks se`uecotcs ncsjrepjelocs sc ksljeko k fkjebenkncs nc kbhkjcokhecotl y hkocil nc @B]9
Lfejeoks, Bkglrktlrels, ^kbbcrcs
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb
Jkr`k y N Ncsjkr`k csjkr`k nc Jkhelocs tkoqucs
(Jkpkj (Jkpkjenkn enkn >= k ;== h:)
]bkotk nc @B], @kslbeok
Alrols, Jkbncrks
Flsl nc [uchk
^ck
Glhgks / Jlhprcslrcs nc @B]
Vëbvubks nc gblqucl nc cotrknk y skbenk nc bk ]bkotk
^khglr feil nc @B] (7 h:) ^khglr feil nc @B] (>; k ;== h:)
Zkbk nc Gktcrèks (S]Z (S]Z))
Jcotrl nc Jlhkonl nc Glhgcrls y ]rehcrls Kuxebels Kuxebels
Glhgks n nc c Jl Jlotrkeojconel otrkeojconel
Ërck nc Hcnejeúo Neoëhejk
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr
Bls cspkjekhecotls cotrc cquepls y bks nefcrcotcs fkjebenkncs sc hucstrko co bk ^kgbk Ol. 3.
5
ZC ZC]K ]KWK WKJE JELO LO NC C[SE C[SE]L ]LZ Z CO CZ CZ^K ^KJE JELO LOCZ CZ NC GL GLHG HGCL CL NC BE BE[S [SEN ENLZ LZ..
Bls cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknls k uok Cstkjeúo nc Glhgcl nc Bèquenls slo bls se`uecotcs9
Jcrjl ncb Bèhetc nc ]rlpecnkn, V Vèk èk ]ùgbejk Veveconks (kblikhecotl tchplrkb)
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;:/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
Lbclnujtl ]reojepkb
Cnefejels, Lfejeoks ]reojepkbcs, ^kbbcrcs, Bkglrktlrels
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb
Zugcstkjeúo Cbåjtrejk
Vëbvubk nc Gblqucl Cotrknk/Zkbenk nc bk ] ]bkotk bkotk
Glhgks ]reojepkbcs
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr
^khglr Jlbcjtlr Nrcokics Kjcetlsls (Zuhencrl) (Zuhencrl)
Zcpkrknlr K]E (Ncsoktknlr)
^koquc nc Wcbcvl
^koquc nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Kthlsfå Kthlsfårejl rejl
^koquc nc Kbhkjcokhecotl k ]rcseúo
Ërck nc Hcnejeúo Neoëhejk
Wkjd nc ^ugcrèks
Bbcokncrl nc Jkrrltkoquc Jkrrltkoqucss
^rkhpk nc Wkspknlrcs
^ck
Jksctk Jlotrkeojconel
Glhgks J Jlotrkeojconel lotrkeojconel ]reojepkbcs
Glhgcrls, ] ]rehcrls rehcrls K Kuxebels uxebels
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Co bk ^kgbk Ol. 6 sc hucstrko bks scpkrkjelocs cotrc bls nefcrcotcs cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknks jlo uok Cstkjeúo nc Glhgcl nc aenrljkrgurls bèquenls.
;=
ZC]K ZC]KWKJ WKJELO ELO NC C[S C[SE]L E]LZ Z CO CZ^K CZ^KJEL JELOCZ OCZ NC JLH JLH]WC ]WCZEL ZELO O NC @KZ. @KZ.
Bls cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknls jlo uok Cstkjeúo Jlhprcslrk nc @ks slo bls se`uecotcs9
Jcrjl Bèhetc nc ]rlpecnkn, Vèk ]ugbejk
Lfejeoks, Bkglrktlrels
^kbbcrcs, Glnc`ks
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb
@ksclnujtl ^rlojkb
^rkhpk nc Wkspknlrcs
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;>/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
Vëbvubk nc Gblqucl Cotrknk/Zkbenk nc bk C Cstkjeúo stkjeúo
^cks Vcrtejkbcs
Glhgks J Jlotrk lotrk Eojco Eojconel nel
Jksk n nc cG Glhgks lhgks
Jksk nc Jlhprcslrcs
Soenkn ]kquctc nc Hcnejeúo
Febtrls
Cofreknlrcs nc @ks
Zugcstkjeúo Cbåjtrejk
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
Co bk ^kgbk Ol. 0 sc prcscotko bk nestkojek cotrc cquepls y fkjebenkncs pkrk uok Cstkjeúo nc Jlhprcseúo nc @ks. ;;
ZC]K ZC]KWKJ WKJELO ELO NC C[S C[SE]L E]LZ Z CO CZ^K CZ^KJEL JELOCZ OCZ NC ]WL ]WLNSJ NSJJEL JELO O NC JWS JWSNLZ NLZ..
Sok Cstkjeúo nc Wcjlbcjjeúo y ^rktkhecotl nc Jrunl sc jbksefejk jlhl uo prljcsl nc Wecs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil, Co bk ^kgbk Ol. 1 sc hucstrko bks scpkrkjelocs cotrc bls nefcrcotcs cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknks jlo uok Cstkjeúo nc ]rlnujjeúo nc Jrunl. Cstk ^kgbk ak senl cbkglrknk k pkrter nc bks nestkojeks y scpkrkjelocs nc bks ^kgbkss ncb Kocxl ;. Co `cocrk ^kgbk `cocrkbb y pkrk hkotcocr bk eotc`ren eotc`renkn kn ncb sestchk, jukonl sc kjtukbejc kjtukbejc uok nestkojek l scpkrkjeúo co kb`uok nc bks ^kgbks ncb Kocxl ;, ncgcrë ksc`urkrsc su kjtukbezkr co tlnks bks ^kgbks co nlonc sc utebejc bk heshk eoflrhkjeúo. Bls cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknls k uok tèpejk Cstkjeúo nc ]rlnujjeúo nc Jrunls slo bls se`uecotcs9
Jcrjl ncb Bèhetc nc ]rlpecnkn, V Vèk èk ]ùgbejk
Cnefejels, Lfejeoks ]reojepkbcs, ^kbbcrcs, Bkglrktlrels
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb
Zugcstkjeúo Cbåjtrejk
Hkoeflbn nc bèocks nc jrunl
Jksctk nc Glhgks nc ^rkosfcrcojek
Jksctk nc G Glhgks lhgks nc ncspkjal nc jrunl
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr
^rktknlrcs/Jkbcotknlrcs nc Fuc`l Nercjtl
Zcpkrknlr K] K]EE ( K`uk-Kjcetc)
^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Kthlsfårejl Jrunl (@uo Gkrrcb, Eotcrhcnel, Fesjkb) (¾;,7,:)
Zcpkrknlrcs G Ge/^refësejls e/^refësejls (@ks/K` (@ks/K`uk/Jrunl) uk/Jrunl) @ks D D.L. .L. Nru Nruh h
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
Wkjd nc ^ugcrèks
^rkhpk nc Wkspknlrcs
^ck
Jksctk Jlotrkeojconel
Glhgks J Jlotrkeojconel lotrkeojconel ]reojepkbcs
;7
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
ZC ZC]K ]KWK WKJE JELO LO NC C[SE C[SE]L ]LZ Z C CO O ] ]LYL LYLZ Z N NC C EOU EOUCJ CJJE JELO LO NC @KZ, @KZ, K@ K@SK SK U ] ]WL WLNS NSJJ JJELO ELO NC JWSNL.
Zc ako jlosencrknl plzls nc `ks, jrunl y k`uk, jlo bks se`uecotcs jkrkjtcrèstejks9 k) ]lzl ]lzlss nc eoycjjeúo eoycjjeúo n nc c @ks jlo uo prc prcseúo seúo co jjkgczk kgczk n nc c plzl ? >. >.=== === pse g) ]lzl ]lzlss nc prlnujjeúo prlnujjeúo nc jrunl jlo uok prcse prcseúo úo co jkgczk nc plzl plzl,, co uo rko`l nc 6== k :.=== pse. j) ]lzl ]lzlss nc prlnujjeúo prlnujjeúo nc jrunl jlo uok prcse prcseúo úo nc jkgczk nc plzl 2 6== pse (tèpejkhco (tèpejkhcotc tc 7== pse) n) ]lzl ]lzlss nc eoycjjeúo eoycjjeúo nc k`uk, jlo uok prcseú prcseúo o co jkgczk co uo rko`l nc :.=== k 3.=== pse. pse. Bls cquepls y fkjebenkncs ksljeknls k bls plzls slo bls se`uecotcs9
]lzl nc Eoycjjeúo nc @ks
]lzl prlnujtlr nc Jrunl, ] ? 3== pse
]lzl prlnujtlr nc Jrunl, ] 2 7== pse
]lzl nc Eoycjjeúo nc K`uk
Bèhetc nc ]rlpecnkn (hkbbk (hkbbk))
Lbclnujtl/@kslnujtl ^rlojkb/ Bèocks cbåjtrejks nc trkosheseúo nc nc kbtk tcoseúo
]kocb nc Jlotrlb nc bk Jkgczk ncb ]lz ]lzl l
Zestchk nc Eoycjjeúo nc [uèhejls
Fkjebenkncs ncb Zcpkrknlr nc ]rucgk
Flsl nc ^ck l [uchkncrl
Ërck nc tcbcjlhuoejkjelocs (W^S, ctj.)
]ubsknlrcs CZN
Jksctk nc K Kjjcsl jjcsl
Fkjebenkncs nc Plrdlvcr (Frkj tk tkods, ods, Fkst tkod, ctj.)
Hkoeflbn nc prlnujjeúo l eoycjjeúo
Vëbvubk nc skbenk ncb plzl nc bk C Cstkjeúo stkjeúo
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;6/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNC F KJEBENKNCZ Z ^WK^KHECO^L ^WK^KHEC O^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK VEJC]WCZE NCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK J NE@L NE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
;:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VC VCWZE WZE O9 =
WCFCWCOJEKZ ;. @uencbeocs flr Fkjebety Zeteo` kon Bkylut. - Jcotcr flr Jachejkb ] ]rljcss rljcss Zkfcty (JJ]Z (JJ]Z)) lf KEJAC - 7==: 7. @K] 7.3.7 K ‚ 7==Q Akzkrn Jbkssef Jbkssefejkte ejktelo lo lf ]rljcss Lpcrkte Lpcrktelo lo flr Zpkjeo` Wcque Wcquerchcot rchcots. s. @C @blgkb Kssct ]rltcjtelo Zcrvejcs :. @K] 7.3.7 ‚ 7==; Leb kon Jachejkb ]bkot Bkylut kon Zpkje Zpkjeo`. o`. @C @blgkb Kssct ]rltcjtelo Zcrvejcs >. K]E W]037 l JJ]Z @uencbeoc @uencbeocss flr Cvkbukteo` ]rljcss ] ]bkot bkot Guebneo` flr C Cxtcrokb xtcrokb Cxpblselo kon Fercs. 3. KOZE/ K] K]EE Z^KONK Z^KONKWN WN 37; ‚ 7==0. ]rcssurc-rcbecveo` kon Ncprcssureo` Zystch 6. OF]K > >50 50 Jbks Jbksefejkj efejkjeúo eúo nc K Krcks rcks ]c ]cbe`rl be`rlsks sks
;>
BEZ^KNL NC ^KGB KZ KZ
Bks ^kgbks ; k 5 sc hucstrko co cb KOCQL ; y co flrhktl cbcjtrúoejl co cb krjaevl cxcb ‒NEZ^KOJEKZ" (5 jkrpctks). Cb bestknl cs cb se`uecotc9 ^kgbk Ol.;. Jbksefejkjeúo ncb Wecs`l nc bks ]bkotks y Fkjebenkncs nc ]rljcsl nc CJL]C^WLB (]ctrúbcl, @ks y ]ctrlquèhejk). ^kgbk Ol.7. Zcpkrkjeúo cotrc Gblqucs (]bkotks / Fkjebenkncs) nc ]rljcsl ^kgbk Ol.:. Zcpkrkjeúo cotrc Cquepls nc prljcsl (ncotrl ncb Bèhetc nc Gktcrèk). ^kgbk Ol.>. Zcpkrkjeúo cotrc ^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl nc Aenrljkrgurls. 39 ^kgbk Ol. 3. Zcpkrkjeúo cotrc Cquepls y Fkjebenkncs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl nc @B]. 69 ^kgbk Ol. 6. Zcpkrkjeúo nc Cquepls co Cstkjelocs nc Glhgcl nc Bèquenls 09 ^kgbk Ol. 0. Zcpkrkjeúo nc Cquepls co Cstkjelocs nc Jlhprcseúo nc @ks. 19 ^kgbk Ol. 1. Zcpkrkjeúo nc Cquepls co Cstkjelocs nc ]rlnujjeúo nc Jrunl 59 ^kgbk Ol. 5. Zcpkrkjeúo nc Cquepls co ]lzls nc eoycjjeúo nc @ks y K`uk, y prlnujtlr nc Jrunl.
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
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@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBK Ol. ;. JBKZEFEJKJELO NCB WECZ@L NC BKZ BKZ ]BKO^KZ U FKJEBENKNCZ FKJEBENKNCZ NC ]WLJCZL NC CJL]C^WLB CJL]C^WLB (]C^WLBCL, (]C^WLB CL, @KZ U ]C^WL[SEHEJK) ]C^WL[SEHEJK) Jretcrel nc jbksefejkjeúo sc`ùo ouhcrkb ouhcrkb >.:.; WECZ@L HLNCWKNL Ncs tete bkj el elo nc Jrunl C sstt k kjj eú eúo nc Wcj l lbb c cjj jjeeúo y ^rkt kh khecot l nc Jrunl Cstkjeúo nc Glhgcl nc aenrljkrgurls bèquenls (Beq Jbkscs EE,EEE OF]K :=) ]rlnujjelo nc ]krkfeoks Kheoks Cxtrkjjelo jlo Zlbvcotcs (Fcolb, ]rlpkol) Vesjlrrcnujtlrk ]bkotk nc Kzufrc ^rktkhecotl nc Jlhgustegbcs (Conubzkhecotl) WECZ@L EO^CWHCNEL Kbquebkjelo Gcojcol (Ncsnc ^lbucol y Qebcol)
Kjenl Zubfurejl Jejblacxkol Ctebgcojcol
Gcojcol-^lbucol-Qebcol Gutkhcrl WECZ@L KB^L Ctebcol Ay nrljrkjd eo` Aen enrrlt ltrrktkhe tkheco cotl tl nc Jlhg Jlhgu ustegbcs bcs Jrkj ddeeo` Jkt k kbb èt ej ej l ]lbe ]lbect ctebebco col l nc Gk Gkik ik Ncose Ncosen nkn kn Wcjupcrkjelo nc Ctkol (^urglcxpkoncr) Wcjupcrkjelo nc Bevekols (@B]/Jloncosknls))
]bkotk nc @ks Cst kjeúo nc Jlhprcs elo nc @ks ]rl ]r lnujje ujjeúo úo nc Aen nrú rú`c `co ol C sstt k kjj eú eúo nc Ncs p pk kj al al/ W Wc cj eg egl @B] (Jbks c E OF] K K)) Kbhkj Kbhkjco cokh khec ecot otl l nc @B @B], ], pr prlp lpko kol, l, gu gutk tkol ol,, ]@W, ]@W, ]r ]rlp lpebebco col l Kbhkjcokhecotl Kbhkjcokhec otl nc Ctkol,Ctebcol Cstkjeúo nc Glhgcl nc aenrljkrgur aenrljkrgurls ls bèquenls (Beq Jbkscs E, OF]K :=)
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;1/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBKOl. 7. ZC]KWKJELO CO^WCGBL[SCZ(]BKO^KZ/ FKJEBENKNCZ) NC]WLJCZL
s k o l s r c p o l j l e j e f e n C
n k n c e p l r ] c n s c t e h e B
NEZ^KOJEKCO ]ECZ
Behetcs nc ]rlpecnkn
Cnefejeljlo pcrsloks
) k e j o c t l ] y r l p k V ( s c b k e r t s u n o E s l e j e v r c Z c n s k c r K
b k r t o c J b l r t o l J c n l t r k u J
3=
;66
OH
Q
Q
s c r l s c r p h l J
s k g h l G c n k s k J
c n k t c s k J
k è r c g u ^ c n r l y k H l j o k G
k ) c k ^ g c h l n g o y w r l l n g w h l k b ( G t
s l j e r c f s l h t K l t o c e h k o c j k h b K c n s c u q o k ^
s k c ^
o l e s c r ] k l t o c e h k o c j k h b K c n s c u q o k ^
s l n k r c ` e r f c W l t o c e h k o c j k h b K c n s c u q o k ^
l ` s c e W l i k G k ` r k j s c N l / y l r c n k o c b B c n s k o l Y
l e n c h r c t o E l ` s c e W k ` r k j s c N l / y l r c n k o c b B c n s k o l Y
3=
3=
;==
3=
;==
3 3= =
^lrrcs nc Cofrekhecotl
;==
3=
3=
; ==
; ==
; == ;=
;3=
3=
;==
;==
3=
3=
3 3= =
Krck ^rktkhecotl K`uks Wcsenukbcs
Glhgks ]reojepkbcs nc K`ukJlotrk Eojconels
Cstkjelocs nc Glhgcrls JE
;==
Soenkncsnc ]rljcslsnc Wecs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil
;==
Soenkncsnc ]rljcslsnc Wecs`l Eotcrhcnel
;3=
Soenkncsnc ]rljcslsnc Kbtl Wecs`l
7==
;3=
;==
^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Kthlsfcrejls ^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl k ]rcselo ^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Wcfre`crknls Yloks nc Bbcokncrl y/l Ncsjkr`k Gkil Wecs`l Yloks nc Bbcokncrl y/l Ncsjkr`k Wecs`l Eotcrhcnel Yloks nc Bbcokncrl y/l Ncsjkr`knc
;== ;==
h C c n k c r K
) s c b b c u H ( l ` s c e W l t b K c n l g e j c W / c u q r k g h C c n k c r K
b k e r t s u n o E l i c b p h l J b c n l t o c e h k b s e K c n k b u v b k V
E ] K c t e c j K k u ` K r l n k r k p c Z
OL^KZ
;3=
3=
3=
^K9 Wcfcrersc k bk ^kgbk Ol.: Cspkj ekhecotl nc ^koqucs nc Kbhkjcokhecotl nc Aenrljkrgurls
OH
CW^9 Cstunel nc Wknekjeúo ^århejk sc`ùo bl eonejknl co cb K]E 37;. Nestkojek rcspcjtl k pcrsloks jlosencrkr rknekjeúo hkx 3== Gtu/ar.ft7. Nestkojek rcspcjtl Cquepls sc`ùo jlosencrkjeocs K]E-37;.
CWK
;3= ;3
;==
;==
3=
Q
3=
3=
;==
3=
3=
; ;= ==
;==
;==
;==
;==
7 ==
;3=
7==
;== ;=
;==
;==
;==
>==
7==
:==
7 ==
; ==
;==
; ==
;==
;==
; ==
7==
3=
;==
7==
7==
06
73=
;==
;==
06
;==
CW^-;9 Cstunel nc Wknekjeúo ^århejk (K]E 37;) feo nctcrheokr oevcb rknekjeúo co puotl prúxehl ncb Zcpkrknlr K]E, y vcrefejkr ol sc nco jlonejelocs cojconenl vkplrcs aenrljkrgurls ncb K]E.
OH
3=
;==
;==
OH
Q
;= ; ==
OH
;3=
7= =
7 ==
7==
:==
:==
;==
; ==
;==
; ==
7==
; ==
3= 3= 3=
;==
7==
7==
; ==
; ==
::
7==
3=
;3=
: :
::
::
:: ::
::
::
3=
7==
; == ;=
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;3=
7==
;==
;==
; ==
3= ;==
06
::
::
::
; == ==
;==
OH
3=
OH
CW^
C W^
CW^
CW^
CW^
CW^
C W^
C W^
C W^
C W^
CW^
CW^
C W^
7==
73=
73=
73=
73=
73=
73=
73=
;3=
;3=
73=
:==
:3=
73=
73=
06
7==
CW^
^K
:==
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
06
7==
CW^
^K
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
06
7==
CW^
^K
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;3=
;3=
;3=
;3=
:==
:3=
:3=
; 3=
;3 =
;0=
;0=
;3=
;3 =
; 3=
;0=
;0=
; ==
; ==
;3=
;3=
;3=
77=
; ==
;==
;3=
;3=
C W^
CW^
;7=
) s c b b c u H ( l ` s c e W l i k G c n l g e j c W / c u q r k g
]krk cspkjekhecotl jlo cquepls cbåjtrejls tcocr co jucotk cb Cstunel nc Jbksefejkjeúo nc Krcks (OF]K >50)
OH
;==
Q
CW^
;==
l ` s c e W l t b K c n k ` r k j s c N l / y l r c n k o c b B c n s k o l Y
Q9 ]rlvcr cspkjekhcotl jlo gksc co cb kjjcsl pkrk lpcrkjeúo y hkotcoehecotl.
3=
^cks
h l G c n s c o l e j k t s C
l ` s c e W l t b K c n s l s c j l r ] c n s c n k n e o S
CWK 9 Cspkjekhecotl jlo gksc co Cstunel nc Wcjerjubkjeúo nc Kerc cotrc bks ^lrrcs nc Cofrekhecotl
;==
Gblwnlwo nc ^ck (tkhglr y glhgk)
c n s k c r K
l e n c h r c t o E l ` s c e W c n s l s c j l r ] c n s c n k n e o S
/ l n k r c n l H l ` s c e W c n s l s c j l r ] c n s c n k n e o S
OH9 Ol aky nestkojek hèoehk cstkgbcjenk plr rkzlocs nc prltcjjeúo jlotrk fuc`l.
Q
;==
Gkojl Hkylr nc ^ugcrèk
l t o c e h k e r f o C c n s c r r l ^
l i k G
E J s l r c g
OH
Krcks nc Zcrvejels Eonustrekbcs (Vkplr y ]ltcojek)
Jksknc Glhgks
s c b k u n e s c W s k u ` K l t o c e h k t k r ^ k c r K
OK9 Ol kpbejk
6:
Krcks nc Zcrvejels Eonustrekbcs (Kerc, Oetrú`col, Ltrls)
Jksctknc Jlhprcslrcs
) s l r t L ( s c b k e r t s u n o E s l e j e v r c Z
s l e n o c j o E k r t o l J k u ` K c n s c b k p e j o e r ] s k g h l G
OH
Cnefejel ncb Jcotrl nc Jlotrlb nc Hltlrcs / Zugcstkjelocs Cbcjtrejks JukrtlncJlotrlb Jcotrkb
/ s c r l t l H s c k j n e r b t l j r c t o b l C J s c c o n e l l j r k t t o s c c J g b u c n Z l e j e f e n C
3= 6=
C W^
;== ;3=
C W^
CW^
CW^
;== ;3=
^K
^K
7== 7=
70=
^K
7==
70=
OH
7=
OH
Kbtl Wecs`l Krcknc Chgkrquc/Wcjegl nc Gkil Wecs`l (Hucbbcs) Krcknc Chgkrquc/Wcjegl nc Kbtl Wecs`l (Hucbbcs) Vkbvubk nc Kesbkhecotl ncb Jlhpbcil Eonustrekb
ZcpkrknlrK`uk-Kjcetc K]E
;3=
7==
; ==
; ==
;3=
7==
3=
;3=
7==
7==
7==
7== 7=
7==
;3 =
; 3=
7==
; ;3 3=
;==
7==
7==
7==
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
:3=
7==
7==
;==
;==
;==
OH
;==
7==
7==
;==
7==
;==
;3=
7==
;==
7==
7==
7==
; ==
; ==
;3=
7==
7==
7 ==
3= 3=
3=
; ==
;3=
;==
;==
;==
;3=
7==
:==
7==
7==
06
7==
; ==
;==
3=
;==
7==
7==
06
7==
3=
3=
3=
3=
CW^
; ==
;==
3=
;==
CW^-;
;3=
:==
CW^
CW^
73=
;==
CW^
:3=
73=
:3=
7= =
7 ==
:3=
3=
3=
3=
;==
;==
;==
:3=
7==
7==
OH
;==
OH
;==
;3 =
; 3=
;==
;3 =
7= =
;==
7= 7==
OH
;==
;3 =
7 ==
;==
;3 =
7= =
;==
;3= ;3
;==
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
7==
OK
;5/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBKOl. :.ZC]KWKJELO CO^WCC[SE]LZNC ]WLJCZL (NCO^WL NCBBEHE^C NCGK^CWEK)
NEZ^KOJEKCO ]ECZ
k t o k b ] k b c n b l r t o l J c n l t r k u J
l e r l t k r l g k B y s c r l n k z e b k o K c n s l t r u k J
, c b g k h k b f o e E b ) k K e r ^ c ? t k h l , ( J l ½ ` s 6 c ; e W : ? l ^ t b K c n s g k h l G
s c r l s o k p x C , s k @ c n s c r l s c r p h l J
b k e r E c ) t K k ^ h 2 ( l y e n , c J ½ h r 6 c ; t o : E 2 l ^ ` s , c b c e W g c k n h k s b k f o g e l h G
l ` s c e W
l t b K c n s c r l t j k c W
l e n c h r c t o E l ` s c e W c n s c r l t j k c W
l i k G l ` s c e W c n s c r l t j k c W
s c r l g h k ^
s k o h u b l J
) s d o k ^ o w l N o u W ( s l e n c h r c t o E s c u q o k ^
s c r l n k n e x L , s c r l n k r c o e j o E , s l o r l A
s c r l n k e r f o c l r c K
b b k k e e r r c c t t k k h ) ) E E h o o K K l l ^ ^ j j 2 ? r r c y c l b l b l b b k g , k g , J k J J k J ½ ½ c h c h k 6 k 6 n b n b s f ; s f ; o o c c : r e : r e 2 ? l l n ^ ^ n k ( k ( e e g g h h k k j j r r t c t c o o E E
n k n e o S k b o c s k e r c g u ^ c n s d j k W
k t o k b ] k ) b r o l c g o h k w t l y n k w g l h b G l g c n ( r l g h k ^
l ` s c e W l t b K s c t c u q k p s c n k n e o S
n k n e o S o c k r l n k e r f o C c r r l ^
l i k G / l n k r c n l H l ` s c e W s c t c u q k p s c n k n e o S
k t o k b ] k b c n l c u q l b G c n k b u v b ë V
OK9 Ol kpbejk
Jukrtl nc Jlotrlb nc bk ]bkotk
OK
Jukrtls ncKokbezknlrcs y Bkglrktlrel
OH
OH
Q
3=
Jcotrl nc Nestregujeloy Jlotrlb Cbcjtrejl
l j e r t j c b C b l r t o l J y o l e j u g e r t s e N c n l r t o c J
OH9 Ol aky nestkojek hèoehk cstkgbcjenk plr rkzlocs nc prltcjjeúo jlotrk fuc`l.
Q9 ]rlvcr cspkjekhcotl jlo gksc co cb kjjcsl pkrk lpcrkjeúo y hkotcoehecotl.
OH
Jlhprcslrcs nc@ks, Cxpkoslrcs
;==
3=
3=
Q
Glhgks ncKbtl Wecs`l ( hktcrekb eofbkhkgbc, ^ ?:;6 ½J, l ? ^KE)
;==
;==
3=
3=
3=
GlhgksncWecs`l Eotcrhcnel(hktcrekbe ofbkhkgbc, ^ 2 :;6 ½J, y 2 ^KE)
03
3=
73
:=
;3
Q
Wckjtlrcs ncKbtl Wecs`l
51
;==
03
3=
3=
73
73
Wckjtlrcs ncWecs`l Eotcrhcnel
03
3=
3=
:=
:=
7=
73
Wckjtlrcs ncWecs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil
03
3=
73
73
73
;=
73
;3
;3
Jlbuhoks
>5
3=
03
3=
;3
;3
3=
73
73
Q
^khglrcs
>5
3=
3=
73
Q
Q
3=
:=
73
Q
Q
^koqucs Eotcrhcnels (Wuo Nlwo ^kods)
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
Q
Alrols, Eojeocrknlrcs, Lxenknlrcs
;==
;==
03
3=
3=
3=
3=
73
73
3=
3=
;==
Q
Kcrlcofreknlrcs
>5
3=
3=
:=
;3
;3
;3
;3
;3
;3
3=
;==
3=
Q
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr jlo hktcrekb eofbkhkgbc ( ^ ? :;6 ½J, l ? ^KE)
03
;==
3=
:=
7=
7=
73
;3
;3
Q
3=
;==
3=
73
Q
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr jlo hktcrekb eofbkhkgbc ( ^ 2 :;6 ½J, y 2 ^KE)
3=
3=
3=
73
;3
;=
;3
;3
;=
Q
73
;==
3=
Q
Q
Wkjds nc ^ugcreks co bk Soenkn
;6
3=
73
;6
;6
;6
;6
;6
;6
;6
Q
;==
3=
ok
Q
Q
^khglr ncGblwnlwo co bk ]bkotk (glhgk y tkhglr)
;==
3=
03
3=
3=
73
3=
3=
3=
;==
3=
;==
;==
73
3=
73
Q
OH
^lrrcCofreknlrkco Soenkn
;==
3=
3=
>5
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
;==
3=
;==
;==
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
Q (;)
Soenkncs pkquctcs Kbtl Wecs`l
;==
;==
03
3=
3=
3=
03
3=
3=
03
3=
;==
;==
03
03
03
3=
03
03
Soenkncs pkquctcs Wecs`l Hlncrknl / Gkil
>5
3=
3=
73
73
73
>5
73
73
>5
73
;==
03
3=
3=
3=
73
3=
3=
73
3=
Vëbvubk ncGblqucl ncbk ]bkotk
73
OK
3=
3=
3=
73
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
;==
03
3=
3=
3=
3=
3=
oc
3=
3=
Oltk (;)9 Cspkjekhecotl jlo gksc k Cstunel nc Wcjerjubkjeúo nc kerc nc bks ^lrrcs nc Cofrekhecotl Oltk (7)9 ]krk cspkjekhecotl rcspcjtl k cquepl cbåjtrejl tcocr co jucotk cb OF]K >50 pkrk cb Cstunel nc Jbksefejkjeúo nc Krcks
;3
Q OK
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
73
OK
7=/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBK>. ZC]KWKJELO CO^WC ^KO[SCZ NC KBHKJCOKHECO^L NC AENWLJKWGSWLZ
NEZ^KOJEK CO]ECZ, VLBSHCOCOGKWWEBCZ
c t o k t l b F l a j ) c s ^ b c G n = y = = . s : l j 2 e o ( ú J s c u q o k ^
c t o k t l b F ) s y b l G j = e o = ú = . . J = l ; a 2 j c = ^ = c = . n : s ? c ( u q o k ^
2 = = = . = ; ? ( c ) t o b s k G t l b F = = l = . a = j = c ^ : c n s c u q o k ^
? ( l g h u I c t o ) k b s t l G b F = l = = a j . c = ^ = : c n s c u q o k ^
s l ) t j 7 u k n t l l r ( ] O , , l E ) s b j E E G e o , l E = J E = = c l s . a b = j k = c J : ^ 2 c n = = s = . c = u ; q o 2 k ( ^
s l ) t j 7 u k n t l l r ( ] O , , l ) s j b e G o E l = J c = s = k . l b a J = j 3 c ; ^ 2 c n = = s = . c = u ; q o ? k ( ^
o ú e s c r p k ) l s t k o b c k e h G ) k y ; o t k c s l j c r O k l ( h g b h k k c ( n ^ s c u q o k ^
o ú e s c r p k ) s l c t e o n c l r e c h f k s o C c y j k s h k r b c k f c s n C s ( c u q o k ^
s l n k r c ` e r f c r l t o c e ) h l k h o l c j n k ( h b k c n s c u q o k ^
OL^KZ
N9 Nekhctrl ncb tkoquc hks `rkonc ^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoejl y Fbltkotc (2 :.=== Gbs)
=.3 N
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoejl y Fbltkotc (?:.=== 2 ;=..=== Gbs)
=. 3 N
=.3 N
^koqucs nc ^cjal Fbltkotc (? ;=.=== 2 :==.=== Gbs)
;Q N
;QN
;QN
^koqucs nc ^cjal Fbltkotc Iuhgl (? :==.=== Gbs)
;Q N
;QN
;QN
;QN
=. 3 N
=.3 N
;QN
;QN
;x N
^koqucs nc ^cjal Jloejl, ]rlnujtls Jbksc E (? ;=.=== 2 ;3=.=== Gbs), (7)
;Q N
;QN
;QN
;QN
;QN
;QN
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl k prcseúo (Csfcrks y Csfcrlencs) (>)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
7QN (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;QN (3= ft heo)
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl k prcseúo (^khglrcs y Gkbks) (;) (>)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
7QN (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;.3 N (;== ft heo)
;QN (;== ft heo)
Oltk (;) 9 Nestkojek nc bk bèock bèhetc k bk bèock jcotrkb nc bls hurls ncb nequc quc rlnck kb rcjepecotc, ol ncgcrë scr hcolr k ;== ft Oltk (7) 9 Wcjepecotcs ugejknls slgrc bk supcrfejec
^koqucs nc ^cjal Júoejl, ]rlnujtls Jbksc EE, EEE
Oltk (:)9 ]rlnujtls Jbksc EE, EEE (prlnujtls jlhgustegbcs)9 Wcfcreersc rsc k OF]K := Oltk (>)9 ]rlnujtls Jbksc E9 (prlnujtls eofbkhkgbcs) Wcfcrersc k OF]K :=
(2 ;=.=== 2 :==.=== Gbs), (7) ( 7)
;QN
7QN (7== ft heo)
^koqucs nc kbhkjcokhecotl rcfre`crknls (;) (>)
7QN (7== ft heo)
7QN (7== ft heo)
7QN
7QN (7== ft heo)
7QN (7== ft heo)
7QN (;== ft heo)
7QN (;== ft heo)
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
;QN (;== ft heo)
7;/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBK3. ZC]KWKJELO CO^WCC[SE]LZU FKJEBENKNCZNC KBHKJCOKHECO^LU HKOCIL NC@B] s c r c b b k ^ , l e r l t k r l g k B
NEZ^KOJEK KZ Z CO ]ECZ, VLBSHCO CO GKWWEBCZ
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb
b l r t o l J c n k b k Z
c n k o e j e f L
Lfejeoks, Bkglrktlrels, ^kbbcrcs
s c ) o s b l e G h k = : J 6 c n s k k c u = 3 ` q r k o 7 k n j t k s n c e N j k y p k k ` J r ( k J
k o e b l s k @ , ] B @ c n k t o k b ]
s k r c n b k J , s l o r l A
k h c u [ c n l z l F
y k n k r t o k c t c o k n b l ] c b u k q c l n b g k c n b n e k s s k b u v b k V
] B @ c n s c r l s c r p h l J / s k g h l G
k c ^
Jkr`k y Ncsjkr`k nc Jkhelocs tkoqucs (Jkpkjenkn 73= k 6:= Gbs)
7==
7==
OH OH
]bkotk nc @B], @kslbeok
>==
;==
7 ==
OH
;==
;==
7= 7==
;= ;==
OH OH
:==
:==
;6 ; 63
:= :==
:= : ==
CW^
CW^
CW^
CW^
CW^
CW^
O OK K
;==
: := ==
Q
Q
;==
3==
CW^
OH
Vkbvubks nc gblqucl nc cotrknk y skbenk nc bk ]bkotk
:3=
:3=
: 3=
: 3=
: 3=
: ==
C W^
; ==
^khglr feil nc @B] (7 h:)
;63
;63
;63
Q
;==
;63
CW^
Q
;==
Q
73=
73 73=
73=
Q
;3=
;63
CW^
Q
;==
Q
Glhgks / Jlhprcslrcs nc @B]
^khglr feil nc @B] (>; k ;== h:)
Zkbk nc Gktcreks (S]Z)
k j e h ë o e N o ú e j e n c H c n k c r K
l e n o c j o e k r t o l J c n s k g h l G
Jcotrl nc Jlhkonl nc Glhgcrls y ]rehcrls Kuxebels
CJK9 ]krk cspkjekhecotl rcspcjtl k cquepl cbåjtrejl tcocr co jucotk cb OF]K >50 pkrk cb Cstunel nc Jbksefejkjeúo nc Krcks O K
OH
Q
73
Q
7==
7==
7==
7==
CW^
7==
;==
;==
;==
OK
;==
;= ;==
7==
7==
7==
:3=
CW^
7==
;==
7==
73=
;==
OK
3=
3=
7==
7==
7==
:3=
CW^
7==
;==
7==
73=
;==
;==
Q
;==
; ;= ==
;==
Q
;==
OK
CW^
;==
;==
Q
;==
;==
;==
;==
Q
;==
;= ;==
;==
Q
;==
OK
CW^
;==
;==
Q
;==
;==
;==
Q
Q
Q
Q
7==
7==
7==
7==
CW^
7==
:=
;==
7==
Q
;==
Q
;==
OL^KZ
CW^9 Cstunel nc Wknekjeúo ^århejk sc`ùo bl eonejknl co cb K]E 37;. Nestkojek rcspcjtl k pcrsloks jlosencrkr rknekjeúo hkx 3== Gtu/ar.ft7. Nestkojek rcspcjtl Cquepls sc`ùo jlosencrkjeocs K]E-37;.
Krck nc Hcneje úo Neoëhejk
Zugcstkjeúo Cbåjtrejk (CJK)
k j e r t j å b C o ú e j k t s c g u Z
Q9 ] rlvcr cspkjekhcotl jlo gksc co cb kjjcsl pkrk lpcrkjeúo y hkotcoehecotl.
Glhgks nc Jlotrkeojconel
Eotcrjkhgeknlrcs nc Jkblr
r l b k J c n s c r l n k e g h k j r c t o E
OH9 Ol aky nestkojek hèoehk cstkgbcjenk plr rkzlocs nc prltcjjeúo jlotrk fuc`l.
OK
^ck
y s l r c g h s l l e G e b c x n u l K n s o l k r h c h l e J r c ] n l r t o c J
OK9 Ol kpbejk
73
Flzl nc [uchk
) Z ] S ( s k e r c t k G c n k b k Z
OH
Alrols, Jkbncrks
) : h = = ; k ; > ( ] B @ c n l i e f r l g h k ^
) : h 7 ( ] B @ c n l i e f r l g h k ^
CJ]-VZ^-@-@CO-F^-==; Vcrseúo9 7
Q
;==
Q
77/76
@SEKZ NC CZ]KJEKHECO^L NC ]BKO^KZ, C[SE]LZ U FKJEBENKNCZ ^WK^KHECO^L CZ^KONKWEYKNL NC JWSNLZ ]CZKNLZ VEJC]WCZENCOJEK ^ÅJOEJK JÚNE@L 9 V^C-]^E-]-@CO-@^-==:
, n
k n c e p l r ] k j c e n b g c ù t e ] h k e B e V b c n l j r c J
NEZ^KOJEKZ CO ]ECZ
l t o c e h ) k b i k l r b k l ( p s h c k t n o c e v e V
b k p e j o e r ] l t j u n l c b L
, s c b k s p l e e j o r l e r t k ] r l s g k k o e j B , e f s c L r , b c s l b k e j ^ e f e n C
CBKGLWKNL9 ;0/=>/7=;3
VCWZEÚO9 =
^KGBK6. ZC]KWKJELONCC[SE]LZ COCZ^KJELOCZ NCGLHGCL NCAENWLJKWGSWLZBE[SENLZ
b l r t o l J c n k b k Z
k j e r t j å b C o ú e j k t s c g u Z
k t o k l b c u ] k q b l c b G n c k n n e k b k b u / Z v b k ë n V k r t o C
s c b k p e j o e r ] s k g h l G
r l b k J c n s c r l n k e g h k j r c t o E
s c ) i k l r o c c r n N e r h u l Z t j ( c s b l l J s l r t e l c g j h k K ^
r l n k t k o s c N E ] K r l n k r k p c Z
l v c b c W c n c u q o k ^
l t o c e h k o l c j j e r k å h f s b l K h c t n K c u q o k ^
k l t o c e h k o c o j ú k e h s c b r K ] c n c u q o k ^
k j e h ë o e N o ú e j e n c H c n k c r K
s k è r c g u ^ c n d j k W
s c u q o k t l r r k J c n l r c n k o c b B
s c r l n k p s k W c n k p h k r ^
OK
l e n o c j s o c e k r b k t p o e l j o J e s r k ] g h l G
s l e b e x u K s l r c h e r ] , s l r c g h l G
OL^KZ
OK9 Ol kpbejk
Jcrjl ncb Behetc nc ]rlpecnkn, Vek ]ùgbejk 73
k c ^
l e n o c j o e k r t o l J k t c s k J
OH9 Ol aky nestkojek hèoehk cstkgbcjenk plr rkzlocs nc prltcjjeúo jlotrk fuc`l.
OK
Veveconks (kblikhecotl tchplrkb)
Q9 ] rlvcr cspkjekhcotl jlo gksc co cb kjjcsl pkrk lpcrkjeúo y hkotcoehecotl.
:3= ( 77))
7== ( 77))
OK
73
3=
OK (7)
Q
73
;3=
OK (7)
3=
OK
73
;3=
OK (7)
;==
Q
Q
;==
;3=
OK (7)
;6>
3=
;6>
OK
3=
7==
OK OK (7)
;==
;= ;==
3= 3=
73=
Q
Q
7==
O OK K (7)
;==
;= ;==
;= ;==
;==
3=
Q
;==
7==
OK (7)
7==
7==
;==
3=
;==
73
OK
;3=
:3=
OK
:3=
7==
7==
;==
;==
;==
;==
OK
7==
7==
OK (7)
73=
73=
73=
:3=
73=
73=
7==
;==
¾(;)
7==
7==
OK (7)
73=
73=
73=
:3=
73=
73=
7==
;==
¾(;)
¾(;)
7==
:3=
OK (7)
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
:3=
;3=
¾(;)
¾(;)
¾(;)
73
7==
OK (7)
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
;==
OH
;==
;==
7==
Q
3=
7==
OK (7)
;==
;==
;==
7==
3=
3=
7==
3=
7==
73=
;==
;==
OK
;==
7==
OK (7)
7==
7==
;==
7==
;==
7==
7==
7==
7==
7==
7==
;==
7==
73=
3=
::=
OK (7)
::=
::=
;6>
;6>
::=
::=
::=
OH
;6>
:3=
:3=
;==
:3=
:3=
Lbclnujtl ]reojepkb
CW^9 Cstunel nc Wknekjeúo ^århejk sc`ùo bl eonejknl co cb K]E 37;. Nestkojek rcspcjtl k pcrsloks jlosencrkr rknekjeúo hkx 3== Gtu/ar.ft7. Nestkojek rcspcjtl Cquepls sc`ùo jlosencrkjeocs K]E-37;.
Cnefejels, Lfejeoks ]reojepkbcs, ^kbbcrcs, Bkglrktlrels
Oltk (;)9 Wcfcrersc k bk ^kgbk Ol.: Kbhkjcokhecotl
Zkbk nc Jlotrlb Oltk (7)9 Nestkojek nc eofrkcstrujturks cxtcroks kb G.B. ncb plzl, kpbejk rcspcjtevls júne`ls nc eo`coecrèk. (Lbclnujtls, @ksclnujtls, Beocks nc ^rkosheseúo, ctj)
Zugcstkjeúo Cbåjtrejk Vëbvubk nc Gblqucl Cotrknk/Zkbenk nc bk ]bkotk Glhgks ]reojepkbcs
Eotcrjkhgeknlrc css nc Jkblr
^khglr Jlbcjtlr Nrcokics Kjcetlsls (Zuhencrl)
Zcpkrknlr K]E - Ncsoktknlr ^koquc nc Wcbcvl ^koquc nc Kbhkjcokhecotl Kthlsfårejl ^koquc nc Kbhkjcokhecotl k ]rcseúo Krck nc Hcnejeúo Neoëhejk Wkjd nc ^ugcrèks Bbcokncrl nc Jkrrltkoqucs ^rkhpk nc Wkspknlrcs
Q
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