VSAT in 30 Minutes

VSAT in 30 minutes

Satellite

Types of Orbit Inclined Orbit

Polar Orbit

Equator

What does Geostationary mean? • Geo = Earth, Stationary = Not Moving • Satellite is a Fixed Point in the Sky • Rotation of the Satellite = Rotation of the Earth (~24 Hrs/Rot) • Equatorial Plane (only possible orbit) • 35,786 km above the Earth’s surface (only possible distance)

Equatorial Orbit

Satellite – Main Subsystems Antenna Payload Communication Spacecraft Control/Propulsion

Electrical Power ce tan s i D age r e Av : arth E o t S/C 786 km , 35

Earth

Satellite

M from

oo

E n to

art

m 92 k 3 , 4 8 h: 3

GEO lifetime: > 15 Years MEO lifetime: ~ 15 Years LEO lifetime: 5 - 7 Years

Moon

Frequency (Spectrum)

Satellite/Transponder Bandwidth •

Satellite Capacities are

• 500 MHz Vertical Polarization • 500 MHz Horizontal Polarization • Divided into bands using Transponders •

Ku Band

• 14000 MHz to 14500 MHz (Uplink) • 11700 MHz to 12200 MHz (Downlink) • Guard Band 2 MHz

Guard Band • 4 MHz

Transponder Bandwidth is generally one of following: 27 MHz, 36 MHz, 54 MHz, 72 MHz Transponder Transponders for Vertical and Horizontal Polarization Bandwidth 36 MHz

Transponder Horizontal

Vertical

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

1

3

5

7

9

36 MHz

11 …

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

36 MHz

2

4

6

8

10

MHz 14000 Vertical Transponder is centered on Guard Band of Horizontal

Guard Band 2 MHz

36 MHz

12 … 14500

Linear Polarization

VSAT Feed Assembly & Installation

BUC

BUC LNB OMT Orthogonal

Block Up Converter Low Noise Block (Down Converter) Orthogonal Mode Transducer Relating to or composed of right angles. Having a set of mutually perpendicular axes

Cross Polarization (XPol) Cross Polarization

Satellite

r Ho

tic al

Uplink and Downlink Use different polarization

Ho r

al tic

iz on ta l

Ve r

l ta on iz r Ve

Coincident Polarization (CoPol) Co Polarization

Satellite

tic al

l ta on iz

Ve r

r Ho

l ta on iz

Ve r

r Ho

tic al

Uplink and Downlink Use same polarization

Circular Polarization • Satellite Capabilities are 500 MHz for each Polarization (Right and Left)

Right Hand Circular Polarization

Left Hand Circular Polarization

Antennas (not aerial or antennaes, antenni)

All the angles Elevation [ ° ]

N Azimuth [ ° ]

0 550 > 10°

Look angle to satellite

Parabolic Antenna

Power X

= EIRP

Offset antenna is oval and has the feed locate below the lower edge of the reflector • Elevation is less than that of a prime focus • Feed horn doesn’t block the aperture

Prime focus antenna is round and has the focal point directly in front of the antenna

What Is a VSAT? Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) User’s LAN or any IP Device Outdoor Unit (ODU)

Indoor Unit (IDU)

LNB + BUC Video iDirect Satellite Router

Ethernet Switch (optional)

Computers

Antenna

VoIP Phones

Point-to-Point Topology

Remote 1 Remote 2

Typical Characteristics:

No Hub – no management or central control Midsize Antenna Expensive Remotes Small Networks

Star Topology Remote 2 Remote 1

Remote n

Hub Typical Characteristics: Expensive Hub Big Hub Antenna Cheap Remotes Small ODU at Remotes Large Networks

Mesh Topology Hub

Remote 1

Remote n

Typical Characteristics: Cheap Hub Expensive Remotes Big ODU at Remotes Small Networks

Remote 2

Remote 3

Multi-Star Topology Mini Hub

Mini Hub

Main Hub Mini Hub

Typical Characteristics:

Often Mistaken for Mesh Moderate Mini Hub Antennas Affordable Mini Hubs Cheap Remotes Small ODU at Remotes Many Private Networks

Mini Hub

Remotes Remotes

Hybrid Topology Star Remotes

Mesh Remotes Mini Hub Mini Hub

Star Remotes

Main Hub

Mini Hub

Typical Characteristics: Extremely hard to manage Seldom implemented

Mini Hub

Mesh Remotes

Mesh Remotes

A VSAT System SCPC Connection

C or KuKu-Band Satellite

By simply adding a separate line card, the iDirect solution can support different topologies from the same chassis It can also support multiple satellite links

The new iDirect Hub Chassis Line Card supports network speeds of 18 Mbps Downstream, and 4.2 Mbps Upstream. A single 20 slot Hub Chassis supports aggregate speeds of 360 Mbps.

Network Operator Teleport

SCPC Topology

iDirect Broadband VSAT Hub

Star Connection

Mesh Connection

Star Topology

Internet/ Leased Line/MPLS

iDirect Satellite Router Star/Mesh Topology

iDirect's Broadband VSAT Network System Provides Highly Reliable, Reliable, Secure, TwoTwo-way TCP/IP Transmission for High Speed, MultiMulti-media Service Applications on any Topology (Star, Star/Mesh, Point Point--toto-Point/SCPC)

The Radio Frequency (RF) Trade Space • Each finite amount of information takes 3 resources to transmit. • Power (EIRP in Watts) • Bandwidth (Spectrum in Hz) • Time (Speed in bits per second)

• Satellite systems engineering is largely about finding the least expensive combination of resources in any given scenario. • More of each resource means less of the other 2 resources. • This trade-off must be analyzed in space and on the ground.

EIRP and G/T • EIRP – Effective Isotropic Radiated Power • A measure of the amount of power a transmitter puts out. • It costs more money to put out more EIRP. • More powerful signals are easier and less expensive to receive. • These financial guidelines apply on the satellite and on the ground.

• G/T – Gain over Temperature • A measure of how sensitive a receiver is to a signal’s power. • It costs more money to hear weaker signals. • The better your hearing, the less signal strength and the less bandwidth you need to receive each bit.

Modulation • Modulation – Digital to Analog Conversion (easy) • Demodulation – Analog to Digital Conversion (hard) • Symbol – A change in an analog wave (Note: 1 symbol takes at least 1 Hz) • Amplitude • Frequency • Phase

• Phase Shift Keying (m-ary PSK) • • • • • •

BPSK is phase changes in multiples of 180° (1 bits per symbol) QPSK is phase changes in multiples of 90° (2 bits per symbol) 8PSK is phase changes in multiples of 45° (3 bits per symbol) iDirect normally uses QPSK Higher order modulation squeezes more bits into each Hz More Hz cost more money

Forward Error Correction (FEC) • Encoding – Adding extra bits to make sure that content is accurate even when not all the bits arrive accurately. • X bits of content need to be sent • Y bits of overhead are added to guarantee the integrity of the X bits • B bits are actually sent over the air

• B has the same number of bits as X + Y put together • But B is a transform of X, not the sum of X + Y • FEC Rate is a ratio: information bits ÷ bits sent over the air • • • • •

Rate ½ is 50% efficient encoding Rate 0.66 is 66% efficient encoding Rate 0.793 is 79.3% efficient encoding Higher FEC rates typically require more power to implement More power costs more money

RSV, TPC, and LDPC Encoding • RSV – Reed-Solomon/Viterbi Codes • Encoding method used in DVB-S industry standard • Not computationally intensive, but consumes much power

• TPC – Turbo Product Codes • Encoding method used by iDirect • Computationally intensive, but consumes less power

• LDPC – low density parity check Codes • Encoding method used in DVB-S2 industry standard • Very computationally intensive, but consumes least power possible

• Less power means… • Smaller (cheaper) remote terminal antennas and/or • Higher FEC rate for greater bandwidth efficiency and/or • Higher order modulation for greater bandwidth efficiency

Multiple Access Schemes • Multiple Access – How multiple remotes talk to 1 hub. • Analogous to cars at an intersection.

• TDMA (time division multiple access) assigns time slots for each carrier/frequency. There are 2 versions of TDMA: • Random access aka slotted Aloha • Reservation access aka Deterministic-TDMA

• Most TDMA VSAT use random access to carry bursty traffic and reservation access to carry continuous traffic. • Slotted Aloha leaves 80% of available capacity unused to so that 80% of all upstream transmissions get through 80% of the time. • Slotted Aloha retransmits the 20% of bursts that collide.

• iDirect uses reservation access to carry all traffic. • D-TDMA uses all available capacity all the time to carry traffic. • D-TDMA has no collisions and thus require few retransmissions. • D-TDMA is enabled by iDirect’s fast capacity allocation algorithm.

Bandwidth Overhead Structure: From IP throughput to MHz

IP Data Rate Or User Data Rate

TDMA Overhead

Information Rate

Transmission Rate

Symbol Rate

FEC

Mod

Guard Band

0.66 0.793

QPSK

1.2

Mhz

The iDirect Platform and Products

iDirect is the Platform of Choice

End-Customer Requirements Small Enterprise

• Basic IP connectivity • Voice and data and Internet applications • Optimized for remote internet access • Very price sensitive

Large Enterprise

Military

• Support for all • Support for all business applications consisting applications consisting of real-time (VoIP, of real-time (VoIP, videoconferencing) and videoconferencing) and non-real time traffic (data non-real time traffic (data files, web browsing, etc.) files, web browsing, etc.) • Demand for VPN • Requires highest and full encryption security standards (AES capabilities encryption, TRANSEC, FIPS 140-2 certification) • All topologies supported (MF-TDMA star, mesh, iSCPC) • Requires high quality and maximum QoS flexibility

Mobility / COTM

• Requires Spread Spectrum for efficient use with very small antennas • Need for rugged equipment that sustains movement/ vibration • Military additionally requires highest security standards (AES encryption, TRANSEC, FIPS 140-2 certification)

Hub Series Universal 5-IF 20 Slot Hub Universal 4-slot Hub Series 15000 Series 12100

• 11U high, 19” rack mountable • 20 slots , up to 5IF interfaces • TDM / MF D-TDMA, DVB-S2/ACM* • Gigabit Ethernet interface • Supports all line cards

• 5U high, 19” rack mountable • 4 slots, up to 4IF interfaces • TDM / MF D-TDMA, DVB-S2/ACM* • Gigabit Ethernet interface • Supports all line cards • Optional OPM • RCM modules • Management Control Module (MCM)

Model

Star

Mesh

SCPC

Model

Star

Mesh

SCPC

15052

X

X

X

12102

X

X

X

Mini Hub Series 10000

iSCPC Concentrator

• 2U 19” rack mountable • One slot, 1IF hub • One in-/ outbound network capability • 10/100 LAN interface • Star, mesh, SCPC

Model Star Mesh SCPC

• 11U high, 19” rack mountable • 20 slots • Up to 5IF interfaces • Gigabit Ethernet interface • SCPC line cards only • IP data rates of up to 20 Mbps each link

Size

Model

10315

X

X

X

15 users

15051

10330

X

X

X

30 users

Star

Mesh

SCPC X

iNFINITI Satellite Routers iNFINITI 3000*

Small Enterprise Entry Level – Optimized for Internet Access, Basic Voice and Video • • • • • •

Adaptive Channel Compression Application QoS TCP Optimization Star Mode Only Optional AES encryption

Model

Star Mesh SCPC Security

iNFINITI 5000

iNFINITI 7000*

iNFINITI 8000

Med/ Large Enterprise

Military

Military and COTM

Supports business critical applications

Advanced performance remote networking

Most advanced performance remote networking

Same features as 3000 model , plus…

Same features as 5000 model, plus…

Same features as 7000 model, plus…

• 8-Port LAN Switch • AES Link Encryption (Opt) • Mesh Mode (Opt), SCPC Mode

• TRANSEC Security • FIPS 140-2 certified • AES Link Encryption embedded

• Spread Spectrum waveform • Ruggedized for extreme temperature conditions

Model Star

Mesh

SCPC Security

3100

X

5100

X

X

3100-NB

X

5150

X

X

5300

X

X

X

5350

X

X

X

Model Star Mesh SCPC Security 7350

X

X

X

X

Model 8350

Star COTM SCPC Security X

X

X

X X

* iNFINITI 3000 and 7000 are also available in iConnex mode (circuit boards without enclosures)

X

iNFINITI Router Features • Throughput Rates • Carrier Symbol rates: Outbound up to 15 Msps, inbound up to 7Msps • IP Data Rates: Outbound up to 20 Mbps, inbound up to 6.5 Mbps • Proprietary TDM, MF D-TDMA

• Modulation and Coding • BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK • FEC code rates supported: 0.431 – 0.879 • Eb/No range: 3.9 – 7.9dB

• Protocols and traffic engineering • Extensive range of routing protocols (TCP, UDP,ICMP, IGMP, IRDP,RIP Ver2) • Group QoS, application based QoS, CIR and bandwidth on demand • VLAN tagging

• Features • • • • • •

IP/ router functionality (local DNS caching, DHCP, DHCP helper, NAT (PAT) TCP/IP and Web acceleration, RTTM , cRTP Supports SCPC and mesh AES encryption optional (128-bit or 256-bit) TRANSEC, FIPS140-2 certification optional Spread-spectrum waveforms optional

Evolution Satellite Routers Evolution X3

Mid-Range Enterprise Router

Evolution 8000 Series

Retail / Small Enterprise

Med / Large Enterprise

Military and COTM

Supports business critical applications

Supports high security and mobility

Entry level – Optimized for internet access, basic voice and video • • • •

DVB-S2/ACM Application QoS/ GQoS TCP Optimization Opt. 128 bit AES Encryption

• DVB-S2/ACM or TDM outbound • Application QoS /GQoS • TCP Optimization • 256-bit AES encryption • Supports Spread Spectrum

• DVB-S2/ACM or TDM outbound • Application QoS/ GQoS • TCP Optimization • 256- bit AES encryption • 8-Port LAN Switch • TRANSEC security • FIPS-140-2 certified • Supports Spread Spectrum

Evolution Router Series – New Features • Throughput Rates: • Carrier Symbol rates: up to 45 Msps • IP Data Rates: up to160 Mbit/s • DVB-S2/ACM or iNFINITI outbound; MF D-TDMA inbound

• Modulation and Coding • BPSK (iNFINITI), QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK • LDPC coding scheme • Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)

• Protocols and traffic engineering

Fully integrated ACM provides over 50% bandwidth efficiency increase

• Extensive range of IP routing protocols • Group QoS, application based QoS, CIR and bandwidth on demand • VLAN tagging

• Features • • • • • •

IP/ router functionality (local DNS caching, DHCP, DHCP helper, NAT (PAT)) TCP/IP and Web acceleration, RTTM, cRTP Supports SCPC and mesh AES encryption optional (256-bit) TRANSEC, FIPS140-2 certification Spread-spectrum waveforms

Thank You Any Questions?