Volumetria Redox
April 1, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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^FEWNT[E@C@ ]TEWC@C CFPNFLT LTTNOL
S^EIEKC CFCJECPEKC
WLJ^INPTEC TN@LR
3. Dcjcfk Dcjcfknn nn jcs seouen seouenftn ftnss nkuckelf nkuckelfns, ns, c`eke c`ekelfc lfcf`l f`l B4L y B+ kucf`l snc fnknscrel. Nf `lf`n sn ef`ekc uf in`el cjkcjefl, utejekn elfns LB - nf juocr `n B+ ^tejekn nj iåtl`l qun prngenrc, nj fñinrl `n lxe`ckeûf l nj `n jcs snierrnckkelfns.
4?
2
4
;+ ?
?
2
4
(c) K B L + Kr L (d) BL4- + KrL4-
K B L + Kr KrL04- (dãsekl)
(k) IfL0- + Wl4+
WL;- + If4+
EL;- + E- (dãsekl)
(`) E4
(n) B4L4 + IFL0-
If4+ + L4
(g) [L;4- + Dr 4
[L04- + Dr -
(o) If4+ + DeL;-
IfL0- + De;+
(b) Cj + Fl;-
CjL4- + Fb; (dãsekl)
(e) [dB; + Kj4L
B0[d4L? + Kj-
(a) Gn[ + FL;-
Gn;+. + FL + [
4-
(h) ^L> (j) Qf + FL;(i (i)) IfL IfL0- + KF(f) Gn + KjL KjL0-
4+
^L4 + L4 Qf4+ + FB0+ IfL4 + KFL- (dãsekl) Gn;+ + Kj4
(l) ]t + Fl;- + Kj-
]tKj74- + FL4
(p) WL4+ + W4+
WL4+
(q) E- + Kr 4L?4-
E4 + Kr ;+
(r) KE- + IfL0-
Kj4 + If4+
(s) IfL0- + K4L04-
If4+ + KL4
4. ^fc ^fc slju sljuke keûf ûf gn gnrr rrls lscc klft klften enfn fn 3, 3,3? 3?7o 7o `n Gn Gn[L [L0.(FB0)4[L0.7B4L nf ;= iJ8 ufc sljuke slj ukeûf ûf `n `ekrli `ekrlictl ctl klften klftenfn fn =,450o =,450o `n H 4Kr 4L? nf 4= iJ. iJ. Nfku Nfkunf nftr trnn (c) (c) jc flric flricje` je`c` c` `n jc sljukeû sljukeûf f gnr gnrrls rlscc klil klil conftn conftn rn`ukt rn`uktlr. lr. (d) jc flric flricje` je`c` c` `n jc sljukeûf `n `ekrlictl klil conftn lxe`cftn. (k) nj vljuinf `n `ekrlictl nquevcjnftn c 3 iJ `n jc sljukeûf gnrrlsc. (Tnsp1 (c) =,3==;8 (d) =,; 8 (k) =,;;; iJ)
;. ^fc ^fc slju sljukkeû eûf f `n BFL BFL; ns ; F klil ãke`l. ¼Suå vljuinf `n couc `ndn cornocrsn c >= iJ `nj ãke`l pcrc bcknrjl ; F klil conftn lxe`cftn ([uplfoc rn`ukkeûf `n BFL ; c FL). (Tnsp13== iJ)
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S^EIEKC CFCJECPEKC
0. ¼Kuãj ¼Kuãj ns jc flricj flricje`c e`c` ` klil conftn conftn rn`ukt rn`uktlr lr `n ufc sljukeû sljukeûf f qun klftenfn klftenfn 3= o `n H 0Gn(KF)7.;B4L nf >== iJ< (Tnsp1 =,=0?0) >. ]crc ]crc lxe lxe`c `crr nnjj Gn nf 3o `n Gn[L Gn[L0.(FB0)4[L0.7B4L sn rnquenrnf > iJ `n BFL ;.
; Gn4+ + Fl;- + 0 B+
; Gn;+ + FL + B 4L
¼Kuãftc couc `ndn cornocrsn c >== iJ `n nstn ãke`l pcrc bcknr jc klfknftrckeûf klil ãke`l =,3 F< (Tnsp1 ;>=,> iJ `n couc).
7. Kenrtl Kenrtl vljuin vljuinf f `n ufc sljuke sljukeûf ûf `n `n HBK HBK 4L0.B4L sn lxe`c nf prnsnfkec `n ãke`l klf uf vljuinf eoucj `n HIfL0 =,=3I. ¼Kuãftls iJ `n sljukeûf `n Dc(LB) 4 =,=3I snrécf fnutrcjezc`ls plr 4= iJ `nj delxcjctl< (Tnsp1 4> iJ) ?. ^f iåtl` iåtl`l l pcrc pcrc nstcf` nstcf`cre crezcr zcr ufc ufc sljuk sljukeûf eûf `n `n HIfL HIfL 0 klftrc ufc sljukeûf nstãf`cr `n FcLB klfsestn nf `esljvnr ufc pnqunóc kcfte`c` (sef pnscr) `n ãke`l lxãjekl (u lxcjctl ãke`l) nf B4L y klf gnfljgtcjnéfc klil ef`ekc`lr tetujcr klf nj FcLB nstãf`cr. Jc sljukeûf rnsujtcftn sn cke`egekc `nspuås klf B 4[L0 y sn tetujc klf nj HIfL 0. [e sn uscrc HBK4L0.B4L klil klipunstl eftnrin`el y jcs tetujckelfns rnquerenrcf 3=,>2 iJ `n FcLB =,442 F y ;2,3 iJ `n HIfL0, nfkunftrn jc flricje`c` `nj HIfL0 klil conftn lxe`cftn. (Tnsp1 4> iJ)
2. [n `es `eslj ljve veû û nf couc couc =,4 =,4=; =;2o 2o `n `n H 4Kr 4L? purl, jc sljukeûf sn cke`egekû y junol sn jn cornoû uf nxknsl `n yl`url `n pltcsel (HE) purl. Nj yl`l (E4) jednrc`l rnquereû `n 0=,;0 iJ `n sljukeûf `n telsujgctl `n sl`el (Fc4[4L;) pcrc su tetujckeûf. Kcjkujn jc Flricje`c` y Iljcre`c` `nj telsujgctl `n `n sl`el. (Tnsp1 =,3=;3F8 =,3=;3I).
5. [e >= >= iJ iJ `n u ufc fc slj sljuk ukeû eûf f `n E4 ns nquevcjnftn nf kcpcke`c` lxe`cftn qun 05,5? iJ `n ufc sljukeûf `n H 4Kr 4L? y 3== iJ `n nstc ñjteic sljukeûf klf nxknsl `n HE. Kcjkujcr jc flricje`c` `n jcs sljukelfns `n H 4Kr 4L? y `n E4. 3=. [n ocstcrlf ocstcrlf 7= iJ `n pnricf pnricfocf ocfctl ctl `n pltcs pltcsel el =,=;=I =,=;=I pcr pcrcc tetujc tetujcrr > iJ `n cou coucc lxeonfc`c nf sljukeûf ãke`c. Jc `nfse`c` `nj couc lxeonfc`c ns `n 3,=3 o/iJ. Kcjkujn nj plrknftcan nf pnsl `nj B4L4 prnsnftn nf nj couc lxeonfc`c. Nj pnricfocfctl sn rn`ukn c If4+ y nj B 4L4 sn lxe`c c L 4, (Tnsp1 ;,=;%). 33. Nj kjlrurl kjlrurl `n kcj Kc(LKj)Kj, Kc(LKj)Kj, rnckkelfc rnckkelfc klf nj elf yl`url nf in`el ãke`l, jednrcf`l jednrcf`l yl`l1 LKj- + E- + B+
E4 + Kj- + B4L
^FEWNT[E@C@ ]TEWC@C CFPNFLT LTTNOL
S^EIEKC CFCJECPEKC
c) Dc Dcjcf jcfkn knnn jc nk nkuc ucke keûf ûf.. d) Kcjkujn nj plrknftcan (p/p) `n kjl kjlrl rl prnsnftn nf ufc iunstrc `n =,74 =,74=o =o `n kjlrurl `n kcj, se sn ocstcrlf ;7,40 iJ `n Fc4[4L; =,3=?>F cj tetujcr nj yl`l jednrc`l plr jc rnckkeûf. (Tnsp1 44, ;3%) 34. ^fc iunstrc iunstrc `n =,470=o `n ufc inzkjc inzkjc `n Fc4K4L0 y HBK4L0 HBK4L0 rnquenrn 0?,7> 0?,7> iJ `n ufc sljukeûf `n HIfL0 =,=2>F pcrc su tetujckeûf nf in`el ãke`l. ¼Kuãftls iejejetrls `n sljukeûf `n FcLB =,3>34F sn rnqunrerãf pcrc tetujcr ltrc iunstrc `n =,470=o `n jc iesic inzkjc, nf ufc tetujckeûf ãke`l-dcsn< (Tnsp1 2,3 iJ FcLB).
3;. Nj klftnfe` klftnfe`l l `n glricj glricj`nb `nbé`l é`l nf uf pnsteke`c pnsteke`c sn `ntnri `ntnriefû efû pnscf`l pnscf`l =,;340o =,;340o `n jc iunstrc jéque`c nf uf ictrcz qun klftnféc >= iJ `n FcLB =,=557 F y >= iJ `n B 4L4 cj ;%. Cj kcjnftcr jc sljukeûf sn jjnvû c kcdl jc seouenftn rnckkeûf1 LB- + BKBL + B 4L4
BKLL- + 4 B4L
30. C ufc iunstrc sûje`c sûje`c `n =,40==o, =,40==o, qun klftenfn klftenfn sljl HIfL 0 y H 4KrL0 kucf`l sn trctû nf sljukeûf ãke`c klf HE, jednrû sugekenftn E4 pcrc rnckkelfcr klf 7= iJ `n Fc 4[4L; =,3==I. Kcjkujcr nj plrknftcan `n Kr y If nf jc iunstrc. (Tnsp1 33% Kr y 4=,>= % If).
IfL0-
If4+
KrL04-
[4L;4-
[0L74-
E4
Kr ;+
E-
E4
E-
3>. C 0,3 iJ `n jnaéc klinrkecj sn jn bcdéc bcdéc c`ekelfc`l =,0544o `n HE nf in`el ãke`l. Nj E 4 jednrc`l gun tetujc`l klf 4>,4iJ `n Fc 4[4L0 =,=52?7I. Kcjkujcr nj plrknftcan `n FcLKE nf jc jnaéc (`nfse`c` 9 3,= o/iJ). o/iJ). (Tnsp1 0,>4 %). LKE-
Kj4
E-
E4
[4L;4-
[0L74-
E4
E-
37. ]crc cfcjezcr cfcjezcr ufc inzkjc inzkjc qun klftenfn klftenfn lxcjctl `n pltcsel pltcsel (H 4K4L0), sn prlkn`eû `n jc seouenftn icfnrc1 ufc iunstrc `n =,?203o sn `nplsetû nf uf ictrcz Nrjnfinynr `n 4>= iJ y sn jn c`ekelfû ;= iJ `n couc `nstejc`c pcrc `esljvnrjc auftl klf 2 oltcs `n ãke`l sujgñrekl klfknftrc`l8 nstc inzkjc gun kcjnftc`c nf uf inkbnrl y junol nf kcjenftn sn prlkn`eû c tetujcrjc klf HIfL 0 =,=444I, `nj qun sn ocstû 35,0 iJ pcrc qun jc iunstrc qun`n jeonrcinftn ilrc`c. Kcjkujn nj %(p/p) `n H 4K4L0 nf jc iunstrc. (H9;5, If9>>, K934, IfL0- If4+8 K4L04KL4).
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S^EIEKC CFCJECPEKC
3?. ]crc cfcjezcr cfcjezcr ufc inzkjc inzkjc qun klftenfn klftenfn lxcjctl `n pltcsel pltcsel (H 4K4L0), sn prlkn`eû `n jc seouenftn icfnrc1 ufc iunstrc `n =,220>o sn `nplsetû nf uf ictrcz Nrjnfinynr `n 4>= iJ y sn jn c`ekelfû ;= iJ `n couc `nstejc`c pcrc `esljvnrjc auftl klf 2 oltcs `n ãke`l sujgñrekl klfknftrc`l8 nstc inzkjc gun kcjnftc`c nf uf inkbnrl y junol nf kcjenftn sn prlkn`eû c tetujcrjc klf HIfL 0 =,=;37I, `nj qun sn ocstû 43,4 iJ pcrc qun jc iunstrc qun`n jeonrcinftn ilrc`c. Kcjkujn nj %(p/p) `n H 4K4L0 nf jc iunstrc. (H9;5, If9>>, K934, IfL0-
If4+8
K4L04-
KL4).
32. [n nxpreieû `ls fcrcfacs fcrcfacs y `nj auol gejtrc`l sn ie`eû ufc iunstrc `n 0= iJ c uf ictrcz ictrcz `n 4>= iJ, sn jn c`ekelfû 3> iJ `n couc `nstejc`c y ; iJ `n sljukeûf `n cjie`ûf cj 3%. Nstc iunstrc sn tetujû klf sljukeûf ckulsc `n yl`l =,=3F, ocstãf`lsn 42,; iJ. @ntnriefn nj klftnfe`l `n vetciefc K nf ppi nf nj auol `n fcrcfac. (Wetciefc K1 K7B2L7, e94). 35. [n nxpreieû nxpreieû kuctrl grutls grutls `n jeiûf y `nj auol gejtrc`l gejtrc`l sn pepntnû ufc iunstrc iunstrc `n 3= iJ c uf ictrcz `n 4>= iJ, sn jn c`ekelfû 3> iJ `n couc `nstejc`c y ; iJ `n sljukeûf `n cjie`ûf cj 3%. Nstc iunstrc sn tetujû klf sljukeûf ckulsc `n yl`l =,=3F, ocstãf`lsn 5,> iJ- @ntnriefn nj klftnfe`l `n vetciefc K nf ppi nf nj auol `n jeiûf. (Wetciefc K1 K7B2L7, e94).
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