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Volume 6 www.inspiredgreen.in
Stay inspired,
sabelle I
Contents A cool & inspiring interview with Ar Sharukh Mistry.
2 An article explaining the concept of eco housing, penned by Ar.Anshul Gujarathi.
8 Our green project of the month, LEED Platinum Kirloskar’s corporate ofce.
20 An article explaining the concept of Net Zero Energy buildings.
26 Green aspects of LEED INDIA’s gold certied TN Legislative Assembly.
32 Biolms in cooling towers, the technical aspect explained in simple terms.
36 We are happy to receive your queries, comments and contribution 130, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119. Ph : +91 98432 68083
[email protected] www.inspiredgreen.in
e b o t
d e r i p s n i
s t r e p x e e h t y b n e t t i r w , n e e r g y b d e r i p s n i e s o h t r o f
BIEC - USGBC Certied
green building. building. Awar Awarded ded as the best steel structure structure in India by INSDAG for the year 2008 - 09
An Interview with Ar Sharukh Mistry For 3 decades Renu, Sharukh and their team have practiced “natural” Architecture, constantly innovating to include every known sustainable means to strive towards an ever lighter footprint. Known for his integrity and inspirational leadership, Sharukh’s tireless Endeavour towards holistic architecture takes its inspiration from his keen observation of man’s interaction with nature. Known also for his talks which he does a lot of – Sharukh likes to take his audience on a journey of creative exploration. Despite running a diverse practice, ranging from tsunami rehabilitation projects and SOS villages to giant exhibition centers, the Mistry team’s interactions with their clients, the earth on the site, the project managers and contractors, the trees, and the laborer’s children make it unmistakably clear that Sharukh’ss architecture denitely has a heart. Sharukh’
2005- Tsunami Tsunami rehabilitation along east coast of India India
Roger Federer at a Tsunami village
Bamboo structure for a driving range @ clover greens golf course
Craftsmanship from Bastar @ the SOS Children’s village ,Raipur.
Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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1.What are the 3 most important parameters for you as an architect in your your approach approach to a green building? First do a stretch, then shake, rattle and roll and you are ready. that’s it that’s all you you need.-I am just kidding. Well Well on second thought this would be what most animals would do when they start their day, so why not me. Now let me take you through the process that I follow. Being an architect I have asked myself –frequently Is my mind crowded? Am I full of myself ? Am I full of problems ? Am I full of solution ? Is there another way? Yes of course there are many. So I will start by asking 3 question ?
1) Can I go in empty ? Going in empty gives me the courage to believe is the innite power of the self, where you actually start to trust, yourself .You allow the power of trust to work for you. You start to believe that you have. What it takes. 2) Can I be Vulnerable? Vulnerable? Because only when you become vulnerable you become open and that openness allows you to receive. You tweak your antenna and you start to connect to the larger web of life. Get zapped just like ET did in the movie.
Take off…. @ Hyderabad park
3) Can I Listen deeply? No, not only to your clients but also to the language of the land on which you are about to build . Because as Derrick Jason says- this language is older than words. At Mistry’s we believe that all sites have stories and if you walk into that story with humility, respect, in silence, leaving your architectural baggage at the door,-you come back with a lot of learning. In Buddhist tradition it is said that listen not only with your mind and ears but also with your hearts. The Zen master THICH NATH HAN tell us –“One aspect of deep, listening is allowing what is said to come from emptiness and RETURN to Emptiness”
2. From where do you get your inspiration(s)? I try to be alive to my immediate surroundings, because I believe that the source is ever present. So inspirations can come from anywhere – from a heap of garbage or a beautiful rainbow behind it. It all depends how you see it.
3.In your next life what would you like to be? Why? In my next life I want to be a forest. Why? Let me explain. I have a belief that –all evolution ultimately in this circle of life does one thing …..it helps to build the earth. I started to think this way after I read that it takes 1000 Years to build one inch of soil all over the earth. The forest therefore does an amazing job towards that goal. Also the dna of the forest is intimately connected to water around the world. I’d love to be a gentle giant. May be a vad(banyan)
Rishtar @ Yercaud
4.What project challenged you the most and why? The letter below might explain
5. Can you give us a (short) recipe on how to become a successful s uccessful green architect? Whatever your stage in life it is never too late to become a successful green architect. architect. So start today. You just have to turn to nature and your inner nature…..to your own inmitable way. That way you continue to be Yourself and nobody’s shadow. Your uniqueness will automatically come to the fore. Remain open and trust yourself and slowly and surely you will receive the message. At Mistry Architects we follow these steps when we start to design. design. Some of them have already been mentioned earlier. So I shall not repeat.
a) Trust your intuition. b) Be a little more right brained than left c) Become native to the place. d) Don’t miss out on enthusiasm. e) Be playful, don’t forget to have fun. f) Make children the measure of your response. Wake up the child in you.
7. Where do you see the green building movement in future and how can India avoid green-wash? 6. What are you doing if you are not designing a building? I have hit 60 this year. I have grown old but I have not grown up (my children tell me to grow up when I am fooling around and that is most of the time). At At MA we believe as someone said’ You cannot do anything meaningful unless you are having fun doing it, and I keep dreaming of different ways to have fun. I travel to places of natural beauty, I dive with my son in the Andaman island and I golf. I am at a high when I am outdoors.
We cannot avoid green wash. It is part of the process unfortunately. Once business nds ‘meaning’ in the triple bottom line of people,planet,and prot, I hope it stops this practice. Having said that, it is important to create awareness about this problem. IGBC has started to “review all the buildings that have received accreditation to see if they are performing to standards”, that they have agreed to .We are going to be relentless about this follow up. We want everybody to understand that it is a continuous process. A lot of people confuse the green building rating system with sustainable green design. The rating systems are tools for measuring performance, but meaningful green design goes way beyond the brownie brownie points of a rating system. “The soul of the green building” movement can never be in its rating system .It has to be in……. issues of emotion, cultural context ,playfulness, empathy,meaning,commu empathy,meaning,community, nity, intuitiveness intuitiveness and all the right brained issues. These are integral to any good design. But they are intangible and not easy to measure e.g. we still don’t know the true value of forests, rivers rivers and oceans. oceans. It simply means, that in the natural world the principles of green are in perpetuity. So in the human green building endeavor it cannot be a one-stop shop. It is an everlasting cycle.
Inspired to be GREEN thanks Ar.Sharukh Mistry, for sharing his valuable thoughts with us which was inspiring and thought provoking. Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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GREEN Common Commo n Weal Wealth th XIX COMMON WEALTH GAMES
Games 2010
DRI
is proud to be associated with Common Wealth Games 2010, after their successful contribution in providing a breathe of fresh air at Beijing Olympics 2008. The CWG 2010 Authorities are working towards making the Commonwealth Games 2010 as the ‘Greenest’ and the most energy efcient international sports event till date in India.
the company is supplying “Heat Recovery Recovery Wheels (HRWs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVi)” for installation in the various venues of the Games for their 100% energy recovery & Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) requirement. The equipments will assist in maintaining high indoor air quality in the following air conditioned stadiums which are likely to receive the large number of spectators:
DRI is a fast growing HVAC&R company with global footprints. DRI's products and systems are maintaining IAQ in prestigious buildings all over the world : Beijing Airport, China; Olympia Technology Park, India; Thai Parliament, Thailand; National Theater, Malaysia; Pacic Controls, Dubai; The City, Brazil; University of North Carolina Science & Media Building, USA . . . an d many more.
Greening of the venues
The companies “Green” products help to optimize energy performance of Air Conditioning systems resulting in considerable reduction in installed tonnage, reduction in utility bills for entire life cycle, enhanced IAQ and productivity and reduced health risks. As the largest manufacturer of the energy saving air-conditioning equipments in India,
The construction and renovation of the venues for the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi is being undertaken keeping in mind the Green vision of the Games. Green initiatives for verticals such as land, energy, water, waste and air have been taken to reduce the carbon emissions from the Games related activities.
Majo Majorr Dhya Dhyanc ncha hand nd Stadi Stadium um Indi Indira ra Gand Gandhi hi Stad Stadiu ium( m(IG IGI) I) Weig Weight ht Lifti Lifting ng Stad Stadiu ium m IGI IGI Wrest restli ling ng Stad Stadiu ium m Dr. Dr. Shyam Shyama a Prasad Prasad Mukher Mukherjee jee Swimmi Swimming ng Pool Pool
G
reen products help to optimize energy performance of Air Conditioning systems resulting in considerable reduction in installed tonnage, reduction reduction in utility bills for entire life cycle, enhanced IAQ and productivity and reduced health risks.
Green initiatives initiatives undertaken by most of t he competition venues
Vertical •
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Beijing
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Use of DRI's DRI's Heat Recover y Wheels to r educe air-conditioning air-conditioning tonnage tonnage Extensive use of efficient lighting fittings such as CFLs, LEDs and TL5 Use of double glazed windows Buildings designed to maximize maximize natural day lighting Integrated building management management systems for stadiums stadiums Use of paints with low VOC Better IAQ IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) Quality) with DRI Fresh Air Energy Rec overy Systems Systems Strategic landscaping with dust, gaseous pollution absorbing and carbon sequestering plant species Installation of carbon dioxide sensors to monitor Indoor Air Quality Use of low flow fixtures to reduce water consumption Water efficient chillers Sensor based fixtures and fittings used Rainwater harvesting system Treated wastewater for flushing and Horticulture Landscaping through drip irrigation Fly ash bricks Use of recycled PVC for flooring Treatment of wastewat wastewater er through S TP and centralized units Reuse of construction debris Over 30% green green cover at all all venue Strategic biodiversity landscaping
showcased
the
best
in
technology,
and external loads. For green buildings, this system can
infrastructure, facilities, and of course sportsmanship,
assist in scoring substantial LEED points in conjunction
creating an indelible mark in history setting standards for
with systems like chilled beams.
future display. DRI was privileged to have contributed to the making of the history and setting standards.
About DRI
The company has strengthened its leadership position
Desiccant Rotors International (DRI), a Pahwa group
across the industry through the launch of its evolutionary
company, company, is a world leader in uted media technologies technologies
technology – India's rst DOAS (Dedicated Outdoor Air
specializing in desiccant and ent halpy rotors and cassettes
System), the ULTIMA Series. The ULTIMA Series signify
and evaporative cooling pads. DRI has a worldwide
a sea-change in the prevailing scenario not only in our
network of sales ofces all over India, USA, Brazil, Europe,
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UAE, Turkey, Africa, China, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan,
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Korea and Australia.
enabling decoupling of control of internal building loads
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Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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A new perception to housing:
The Eco Housing Initiative
A
leaf is born on the plant stem. It takes in sun, air, soil nutrients and efforts of mother plant to grow to its optimum. Then it starts preparing its own food and nurtures other new born leaves. It is aware of the Global warming & Climate change around itself but accepts the cruelty of nature with grace. When it dies it becomes a part of the mother earth and serves as manure for other leaves to grow resistant to the changes. In its entire life cycle LEAF survives on the available natural resources and later does not leave back any alien component for disposal. We were like the Leaf until we started intervening with the machines. Artificial living was adopted by us humans for our utmost comfort. With our growth we have caused harm to other living entities. They are paying the price for our deeds. As the effects of climate change are felt across the world, both authorities and individuals are gearing up towards the task of constructing eco friendly homes more seriously. Fuelled by by increased demand a new industry of eco friendly-home building has grown up and a multitude of technological innovations have created a store of eco friendly building materials and techniques. The term ‘EcoHousing’ comprises of environmentally benevolent and sustainable construction practices, resulting in healthy and productive indoor environment, with lesser consumption of natural resources. It portrays energy efficiency, economical benefits due to reduced use of electricity and water, saves time through low maintenance, improves health by reducing exposure to synthetic chemicals and helps preserve the environment.
Pune is the pioneer city for launch of Eco-housing Certification Program. Program. It represents one of the most rapidly expanding cities in western India. Program implementation in Pune was in partnership with stakeholders including the urban local body; Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), leading developers, architects, housing finance institutions and technology providers. Implemented by the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC) with support from United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Global Development Alliance (GDA), the Eco-housing initiative addresses the challenge of containing the ever-increasing demand for resources through interventions spanning policy and market development.
‘Eco-Housing’ comprises of environmentally benevolent and sustainable construction practices, resulting in healthy and productive indoor environment, with lesser consumption of natural resources.
The program has been characterized by specific interventions, including the development of Eco-housing performance assessment tool, integration of Eco-housing policy and fiscal incentives, demonstration projects, capacity building and the development of a sustainable institutional mechanism to mainstream Eco-housing practices. For assessment of the environmental performance of the buildings, in all 88 measures are listed under eight broad categories, with each individual category describes a set of measures that need to be fulfilled.
• • • • • • • •
Site Planning Environment Architecture Energy Efficient Lighting Solar Water Heaters Efficient Building Materials Water Conservation Segregation of Waste Other Innovative Technologies
ACTIVITY
ECO-HOUISNG CERTIFIC CERTIFICATION ATION PROCESS Project wising to apply for Eco-housing certification
Promoter/Developer
Registration
Joint Eco-housing Certification body/Online body/O nline on Eco housing Website
Evaluation
STP/CEE/Designated Evaluation Agency
Provisional Certification Final Certification Above figure represents the process activity the residential scheme registered for the same. Every measure has been assigned points depending on its impact on environment, and its relevance to local conditions. As per the points rating are awarded that further prove the benefit of rebates in municipal taxes. The ratings are parallel to the rebates offered which are briefly mentioned further.
STP/CEE Joint Eco-housing Certification body POINTS ACHEIVED ECO-HOUISNG RATING
500 501 – 600 601 – 700 701 – 800 > 800
* ** *** **** *****
” n o r i i t v a n y E N “ Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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I
n Pune the first scheme with awarded a
5 star rating is Nyati “Environ” ph I, II,
III. The conventional luxury scheme with induced measures for ecofriendliness today stands proud with a five star rating. Nyati Environ in Vishrantwadi is a mega township par excellence that is bound to capture the imagination of the city. The apartments have been conceived to match the aspirations of a dream home. Striking first impression is incredible, and the sheer aesthetics of the sky rising towers is surely a treat for the eyes. Designed on the highest technical standards all the apartments bear an aura of quality and style. A complete architectural marvel is blended with 76 of the 88 measures listed in the certification programme and avails a total of 856 points with a five star rating provisional certificate. The scheme has 14 buildings that are oriented as per site limitations. Only 8 buildings are oriented as per the environmental benefits. Remaining 6 buildings are added upon with special measures to reframe daylight and heat gain. The chajjas are extended in the south & west facades with 30% wall to window opening ratio. The terraces areas are extended to avoid direct sunlight on the walls. Daylight and wind factors were tentatively studied for all the buildings with considerations of surroundings and atmospheric parameters. All the considerations were evaluated with the building simulations software. Apart from architectural interventions the scheme is proposed with photovoltaic street lighting for driveways, solar water heating, STP, waste water recycling plant, Vermi composting, rain water harvesting, native plantation, 100% CFL for lighting and part use of eco materials for construction. With shading analysis the shadow pattern was
studied and the areas deficient of shadows were supported by trees with good foliage. The overall landscape plan was devised in order to reduce the heat island effect. A special notification has to be give to the developer for the onsite labour welfare programme. Provision of labour camps for 150 laborers with well maintained and hygienic amenities can be witnessed even today. Health-check up camps, regular pesticides, mobile crèche and school are the added advantages for laborers at Nyati site. As innovative measures the developer takes measures for waste segregation and reuse on site. Minimum material wastage, proper
on site storage and material contamination contamination are added features. In all the concept of eco housing was triggered with the scheme and taken up to possible optimum level in spite of extra investments at the developer’s cause.
A Totality approach: Energy efficiency has proved to be a cost-effective strategy for building economies. Though efficiency often takes a secondary position to new power generation as a solution to global warming. This can be very well counted in the scheme of Orange County ph II. This scheme is not certified under the rating system but the developer had a deeper vision to entitle it as GREEN. The next phases III & IV of Orange County are registered for the certification aspiring for a 5 star rating. (The schemes are currently in the evaluation stage). As noted that building’s location and surroundings play a vital role in regulating its temperature and illumination thus nestled in an open plot near Baner Pashan link road, the scheme provides ambient lux levels and 100% cross ventilation for all rooms on all floors. Three side open flats have proper placement of windows with opening ratios derived from simulations result in apt lighting as per day light factor. The use of artificial lighting is thus reduced. All CFLs - was the policy decision in the scheme. The entire scheme including flats, common areas, parking areas and even the labour camps display the use of CFLs and LEDs.
Almost all points in flats have “Green Energy” E nergy” as primary source & grid energy as “Stand by”. All flats have solar- DELTA- Innovative Solar Water Heating System. Approx. 55% of domestic electrical consumption is minimized due to the system. Provision of fully programmable solar water heating system of 4000 LPD is designed. Differentiating from conventional, there is no big solar water tank on the roof. Instead, each flat is provided with one insulated hot water tank of the capacity- for 2BHK150LPD & for 3BHK-200LPD, 3BHK-200LPD, fitted with electrical heating coil of 3KW rating with ISI mark thermostat. There is also be Programmable Logic Controller based automation to ensure that each flat gets fixed quantity of hot water, and also the electrical heater maintains the minimum reserve level of hot water at any given time.
All the light points have time & motion sensors with a minute’s stand by. One of the two lifts is running on “Green Energy” with special features of no machine room, gear less and weight-sensing lift. The energy consumption will be as per the weight inside the lift thus empty running prevents energy loss. Every flat will have Blink Free Changeover (BFC) switch, which limits use of current from “Green Energy” up to 1.5Amp. If the consumption exceeds
1.5Amp, the system will change automatically from “Green Energy” to “Grid energy”. A unique competition is created amongst the residents to achieve zero units of electricity consumption, thus a higher goal is achieved. This Green energy is free of cost to flat holders.
With all the above efforts MR.SONIGRA SANDEEP R. proudly reveals a total saving of CO2 emission of 195 tonnes/year. With an extra investment of 250 Rs/sq.ft. against the construction cost of 1650 to 1700 sq.ft he is availing a profit of 20 to 25%. With the driving Motto that “Nature has solution for everything. Only you should look at it” he looks forward to give to the world a Net Zero Energy Building and Net Zero Carbon Building. With a payback of 12 years when he can show the courage to in-built the technologies technologies any other developer developer can go for sustainable construction, because that is for own children.
The generation system have two windmills located on top of the terrace, each of capacity 5KW peak & 36 solar PV
panels, each of capacity 120W totaling to 4.3 KW peak, which will be able to produce, combined together, 15KW peak i.e. maximum 60 units per day. The Hybrid Power Collector (HPC) is designed to generate electricity even at wind speed as low as 2m/sec. Along with above above major parameters additional steps towards eco friendliness are highlighted as follows: •
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Root zone system for grey water which is further diverted for flushing and irrigation. Sewage treatment plant on site Vermicompost pits Native plantation throughout the site & Surroundings. On site farming for basic vegetables No Generator back up Designated parking lot for vehicles which will use”Alternate fuel”. Electric charging point for charging of vehicles will be provided which will use “Green Energy” only. All WC are with dual flush system with a flow rate of 3L & 6L per flush Separate chutes for collection & separation of 100% bio-degradable, and non-biodegradable wastes. The manure from bio-degradable wastes, will be utilized 100% green. Within the site itself. For next phases: with Eco Housing Certification: Reduction in property Tax of corporation from 10 to 50% for flat owners Reduction in power bill for each & every flat as well as for common areas which will be almost zero.
India’s population is projected about 1.26 billion by the year 2016. This is 2.4 per cent of world’s total area & 18 % of the world population. With this pace, India will overtake China as the most populous country by 2050. 400 million people are expected to migrate in next 40 years from rural places. All the above statistics indicate pressure on natural resources, water shortage, soil exhaustion & erosion, deforestation, air & water pollution, etc. With an eco vision let us all work towards the greater cause. With going GREEN we need to adopt the behavior of leaf in totality. Part acceptance in living standards will not serve the purpose. This is not a Mr. or Ms. GREEN Title race. So, Believe, Behave and Be -GREEN.
Brief about the author: Eco Solutions is founded & headed by Ar.Anshul Gujarathi – An architect from Sir J J college, Mumbai and a post graduate in Environmental architecture from Pune University. Eco-solutions gives special emphasis on Environmental Consultancy, Eco Interiors and renewable energy solutions. The firm offers assistance in obtaining Green Building Ratings and has been instrumental in obtaining 1st Eco Housing Certification for a leading construction group in Pune. She can be contacted at
[email protected]
Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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ortex Engineering, a pioneer and leading provider of Rural ATM’s (Automated Teller Machines), announced India’s rst large-scale rollout of Solar ATM’s. This rollout follows the winning of an order from State Bank of India for a deployment of 545 ATM’s across semi-urban and rural India. Of these 545 ATMs, over 300 will be solar-powered. solar-powered. Vortex’s Solar-powered Gramateller Duo ATM’s have been developed in collaboration with IIT Madras. Built on years of R&D, with a steady focus on rural needs, these are innovative low power consuming ATM’s tailor-made for semi-urban and rural areas.
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A Necessity for Today’s Buildings for a Beer Tomorrow
T
ypically the largest electrical load in a commercial building is lighng which accounts for 20-40% of the average business’ electric bill. While light is a commodity essenal for producvity, lighng is a business asset that should be managed as a crical co mponent of both of both the building and the organizaon that occupies it. Generally, this entails invesng in a good lighng design, which in turn ulizes the right lighng equipment, to maximize visual comfort while minimizing operang costs and carbon footprint. Automated controls can save up to 40% of this power by providing the right amount of light, where and when it is needed. These same controls can also help provide a safer, more producve work environment while reducing building operaon labour. How Does It Save ?
Energy = Was x Time Saving lighng energy requires that you either reduce the lighng waage or reduce the run-me. High eciency electronic ballasts, compact uorescent lamps and reectors all focus on reducing the connected lighng waage.
Controls focus primarily on reducing the run-me This is especially true of relay-based automac Lighng Control Systems to eliminate waste while maintaining occupant sasfacon and producvity.
Three Control Strategies The Lighng Control Systems rely on three strategies to reduce run me:
Scheduling is by far the most common. Eecve systems allow lighng to be scheduled by area or funcon to automate common sense… when lighng isn’t needed, turn it OFF.
Moon sensors are used in those areas where occupancy is much less predictable, such as conference rooms and rest rooms. Passive Infrared Sensor detects small human movements to turn lighng ON in these areas.
Daylighng takes advantage of natural light by using sensors to reduce the run-me in day lit spaces. For a successful applicaon, all of these strategies must take into account how occupants use the space. In some areas, such as oces and classrooms, this means allowing Manual Overrides.
When Should one Consider Lighng Automaon? Lighng control is always a good idea. The only queson is whether the lighng should be controlled automacally, manually or both. Some praccal indicaons that lighng automaon makes sense: • • • • • •
Building codes may require it. A building automaon system exists or is planned. You can idenfy more than 2 hours a day of wasted wasted lighng operaon. Lighng control strategies t. The most sophiscated lighng control system will not be eecve for a 24-hour-a-day operaon with no day lighng. Room for improved building management. Enhanced central control can reduce labor cost and improve building maintenance. Lighng can be used to enhance the security system.
Lighng systems use lamps and ballasts to produce light, and various controls to turn lighng on and o via switching and raise and lower its output via dimming. Basic controls—e.g., a simple wall switch—rely on human iniave. Automac controls switch or dim the lights automacally in response to an input signal—e.g., programmed schedule, occupancy, available daylight—and thereby save energy by turning o or lowering lighng when it is not needed. Automac shuto controls are now a staple in new buildings because of energy codes, and daylight harvesng controls are now beginning to be required in upcoming Green Buildings. When the digital revoluon caught up to lighng control, advanced lighng control opons became available that go beyond convenonal automac lighng control capability in terms of capabilies, integraon, exibility and scalability. An advanced control system should oer: •
•
A choice of control method (dimming or switching) for dierent control tasks, enabling a complete oering of control strategies that go beyond energy code compliance; Individual control of light xtures (via unique address), enabling greater exibility and allowing workers to control their own lighng, a best pracce demonstrated in research to improve worker job and environmental sasfacon;
•
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Ability to congure and recongure lighng control zones as space needs change using PC based soware, avoiding the cost of and hassle of rezoning by rewiring xtures and controls; Central management capability with remote access, allowing facility operators to opmize the performance of the enre building (or campus) control system via soware installed at a single workstaon; Easy integraon and data sharing (such as real me occupancy status) with building automaon and other building systems, including capability to partner with ulies and implement a demand response program; Elegant equipment and wiring conguraon enabling the above features and benets—including lighng energy cost savings of up 40-50% —to be economically achieved.
The Lighng control soluon should be cost eecve and easy to design/specify, install, use and adapt. In either case, digital controllers are networked with controls such as switches, occupancy sensors, photo sensors and compable soware using digital communicaon architecture.
Proprietar y approach like Panasonic Full 2 Way System oers the advantage Proprietary of the enre control soluon being delivered by a single manufacturer, with assurance that all components will work together as specied, and with clear accountability and remedies. The point of control resides in dimming ballasts or in relays distributed close to the loads they control. If the point of control is the ballast, an addional piece of equipment— the relay-based controller—is eliminated, but this type of soluon is generally more expensive, as more expensive digital ballasts are required. If the point of control is a controller with one or more relays, three benets are achievable that can increase cost eecveness.
First, the controller can be sized to the applicaon—with one controller, for example, controlling all of the outdoor lighng as a group, with a series of small controllers dedicated to each indoor light xture to provide individual xture programming and control. Similarly, the ballast may be xed-output or dimming, based on need, without being ed to dimming ballasts throughout the applicaon. And nally, the controller may be able to work with o-the-shelf 0-10VDC dimming ballasts (and controls) from any reputable manufacturer, providing choice while reducing costs due to the lower price point of analog ballasts.
Lighng control is the future of lighng and oers building owners and managers one of today’s greatest opportunies for saving energy with beer lighng.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: AN OXYMORON? A rhetorical figure in which incongruou incongruouss or contradictory terms are combined. Such critics of the concept of sustainable development also suggest that it should instead be termed as “sustainable degrowth”, since they believe that environment and development (or growth) are antithetical to each other; that is, environment degradation is the price that needs to be paid if development is to be achieved. Deteriorating environment is often linked with increasing economic activity, requiring deforestation, energy consumption etc. “Development” is usually held responsible for environmental damage, while environmentalists are accused of being “anti-development”! Even a popular economic concept, such as the “Environmental Kuznets’ Curve” suggests that e nvironment degradation increases, with an initial rise in per-capita income, and later decreases with further development. Environment and Development: Antonyms?
However, to view environment and development as antagonistic terms is to have a very narrow viewpoint. Once the perspective is broadened, development and environment can be seen as complementing each other. Sustainable development is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. In other words, development that meets the needs of current generation without compromising the needs of future generations is termed as sustainable development (as defined by the Brundtland Commission). Thus, when development is viewed in terms of “quality of life” and not mere “numbers”, the complementarity between environment and development comes to the fore. Linkages between environment and development
To refute the notion that environment degradation is a necessary condition for growth and development, I suggest two propositions, which assert that environment and development can, and should exist simultaneously. Firstly, development can help conserve environment. Thus, both growth and environment conservation can be achieved together. Constructive intervention can help enhance the quality of environment; and development facilitates constructive intervention. Thus, development can not be provided as an excuse to hamper environment. In fact, progress in the field of science and technology has given us the tools to protect the environment. Efficient electrical appliances, fuel-efficient vehicles, better methods of recycling and waste disposal, the concept of green architecture and many other such techniques are all a result of scientific advancements, which have been made possible due to investment in the field of technology. Undoubtedly, technology has made us lazy and seemingly insensitive towards nature and environment, but no one can deny that technology alone has opened up possibilities of adopting a greener lifestyle. It is, therefore, our choice: whether we wish to use technology to conserve or destroy the environment. Secondly, environment degradation can ultimately lead to reversal of development. Thus, harming the environment to achieve “higher growth” is surely a risky prospect. Without a clean and green environment, development has no meaning. The starkest example of this proposition would be a person who earns a 7-digit salary, but suffers from respiratory diseases due to air pollution and hence has to spend a huge portion of her/his income on medical expenses! In addition, pollution and depletion of natural resources adversely affects livelihoods of all those who are directly dependent on the environment. Fishermen, cultivators, dairy farmers and many
others are deeply affected by water pollution, soil contamination, acid rains, depletion of bio-diversity and other forms of pollution. Thus degradation of environment clearly affects employment and growth. Moreover, noted economist and Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen asserts that environmental plunder affects distributive justice, which is an important branch of development. Pollution is caused by the affluent classes (effluents from industries, vehicular pollution, wastage of resources etc.) but its ultimate effects are borne by the disadvantaged (scarce resources, contaminated water, poor air quality etc.). Sen strongly condemns this “disguised manslaughter”. manslaughter”. This clearly highlights the fact that severe environment damage can retard rather than promote development, through its strong distribution effects. These linkages unambiguously underline the complementarity between environment and development. Without doubt, one can’t exist without the other. Sustainable development: how can we achieve it?
Surely, sustainable development is not an “out of reach” phenomenon. To achieve it, we just need some simple measures, common sense, practicality and sensitivity towards the environment. We need an integration of developmental and environmental concerns. Every society, at each level can contribute towards conserving the environment. The government can make intelligent policies and ensure strict implementation of the laws. In addition, a system of incentives and disincentives could be devised, aimed at protecting the environment. For instance, efficient appliances (CFLs etc) could be subsidized, while pollution causing vehicles (fuel-guzzling SUVs) could be taxed heavily. Educational institutions can also contribute by spreading awareness and internalizing the issue in young minds, with the help of NGOs. Enterprises can fulfil their corporate social responsibility by minimizing wastage in their offices, using efficient equipment and adopting environment-friendly production processes. At the individual level, simple steps like minimizing wastage of paper, water and electricity at homes, avoiding littering in public places and above all, being aware and conscious of environment issues can go a long way in repaying our debt towards the environment. Conclusion
To conclude, I would yet again assert that sustainable development is, by no means, an oxymoron. Instead, it is a phrase that needs to be incorporated in our lives at each level. It is an ideology that should be the foundation of government policies, if we genuinely wish to leave behind a clean and green Earth for our future generations.
Parul Gupta, Student, M.Sc. Economics, TERI University,New Delhi
Green Project of the Month The KBL Corporate Oce needed to be rooted strongly in the local context with global reach outlook and reect the client’s commitment to the environment, quality and excellence. The key focal point of this project is the collecve commitment by the client and the architect to build green.
KBL Corporate Office, Pune
“Don’t worry about the future... Create it!”-S.L. Kriloskar The architectural design encompasses a building that is clearly a high technology facility with “water” as a prominent theme in the form of three shells depicng water droplets on the main building facade. These shells incidentally protect the south and west facade of the building against the sun as well. The orientaon of the oce is in north south direcon with open oce concepts which partly overlook inside the landscaped atrium with natural light ltering in through skylights and
remaining on the outside. The building envelope including the high performance glass provides a good thermal barrier. The oces have columnless spaces which gives a exible design. The work staons are aligned at 90 degree to the glass facade for beer light penetraon. Cabins/meeng rooms are placed linear and also have a view of the outside. Open decks overlooking the atrium acts as common meeng spaces for informal discussions.
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Green features at KBL....
Building foot print are planned in such a way that maximum open space is available.
Glazing to enhance and to provide daylight to the front facade..
Workstation equipped with task lighting & it’s height has been planned at lower level for better vision.
More than 75% of spaces are lit with daylight and more than 90% of spaces have view to exteriors.
Landscaped terrace gardens irrigated through STP treated water.
China Mosaic tiles for the t erraces, with skylighting for the interiors.
At a glance HVAC HVAC Consumption Consu mption 50000
40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Jun-09
Jul-09
Total HVAC Consumption
Aug-09
Design HVAC Consumption
The HVAC HVAC consumption analysis of the project for the three consecutive months depicts the difference in the kWh power consumption for the HVAC. This difference is possible due to the various factors such as the sustainable design features, appropriate selection of energy efcient xtures. And the ventilation is exceeded by 30% than the ASHRAE standard. Treatment of STP situated within the campus, which meets the 100% water requirement of the landscapes.
Building Lighting Consumption 000.00 25000 000.00 20000 000.00 15000 000.00 10000 000.00 5000 0.000 Jun-09
Jul-09
Actual Lighting Consumption
Use of fabric fabric canopy on the southside as a shading device.
Aug-09
Design Lighting Consumption
The building lighting consumption analysis of the project for the three consecutive months depicts the difference in the kWh power consumption for the lighting. The effective utilization of daylight is shown in this project. And the internal lighting LPD is less than 0.75W/sqft.
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Photovoltaic system installed on terrace which generates around 2.5% of the building’s total energy.
FSC Certied wooden ooring for CMD’s CMD’s room.
Use of grass pavers for the entire parking area.
CRI certied carpets for meeting rooms and cabins.
Apart from green design features KBL features green strategies such as encouraging public transportation for the employees, and providing the opportunity to use alternate fuel vehicles, green design education and green house keeping policy.
Venkataramanan Associates, Pune are the architects of this project, and their design intent for building it green is very much evident. And the LEED consultants for this project are Environmental Environmental Design Solutions, whose guidance has enabled the project to bag the LEED India “Platinum” status for the project. Inspired to be GREEN appreciates Kirloskar Brothers Limited, for spreading the importance of sustainability by building their corporate ofce GREEN.
t. tec t. rc h i te jec t A rc ro je t, P ro a t, ra r o ho h T T k a y a na n A r V i
Introduction In the pursuit of energy eciency and sustainability, net-zero energy buildings (ZEB) are an exciting next step. A ZEB is a residential or commercial building that consumes a net total of zero energy from nonrenewable sources (such as utility electricity, natural gas, or oil). These buildings are so energy-ecient that they can rely mainly on renewable energy generated on-site. They typically use nonrenewable energy such as utility electricity and natural gas at times of year when renewable energy does not meet demand. But at times when the on-site generation is greater than the building’s
needs, excess electricity is exported to the utility grid. The nonrenewable energy is thus canceled out. The net-zero site energy denition encourages aggressively energy-ecient designs, can be easily veried through on-site measurements, and has the fewest external uctuations that inuence the ZEB goal. Johnson Controls considers this the net-zero “gold standard” for buildings. Additional discussion of the relative merits of net-zero/ near-zero strategies can be found in a conference paper from NREL, “Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Denition” (2006).
Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College, Ohio
Absolute Zero Net Zero Energy commercial buildings – an inspiring insp iring vision vi sion for today. today. Clay Nesler Vice President, Global Energy & Sustainability Anne Shudy Palmer Senior Research Associate
Johnson Controls, Inc.
About the integrated design process When compared to traditional design and construction, integrated design techniques allow for much greater eciency improvements, sometimes at a lower capital cost, by tightly connecting functions of various building components. Typical thinking suggests that each unit of energy savings costs more than the previous unit of savings. While this might be true at the component level, it is no longer relevant at the system (or building) level. For example, properly designing the levels of insulation, solar gain, and thermal ma ss might allow a building to eliminate much of the capital cost related to heating and cooling systems. In order to achieve radical increases in energy eciency, the right steps need to be taken in the right order in the design or renovation process. First, and most important, designers need to dene what services the building must provide – and then dene the design problem around o nly what must be provided.
Hawa Ha waii ii Ga Gate tewa wayy Ener Energy gy Ce Cent nter er,, Kai Kailua lua-K -Kona ona,, Haw Hawai aiii
Providing services that aren’t desired or necessary, or are of higher quality than needed, will make it harder to achieve a net zero result. For example, how much space is really needed? How much lighting is necessary for the space? After the design problem is closely dened, it is essential to look for ways in which the necessary services can be provided for free (daylighting, passive heating/cooling/ventilation). If the services cannot be provided for free, then ways must be found to provide them most eciently. In the process of designing the most ecient system, it’s important to think about how systems can be coupled together so that waste streams from one can be used as inputs elsewhere (thermal integration, gray water recycling, etc). After the loads are reduced, then the supply system should be sized and integrated into the rest of the design.
Chall Ch alleng enger erss Tenn Tennis is Clu Club, b, Lo Loss Ange Angeles les,, CA CA
Common Features of of Zero-Energy Zero-Ene rgy Commercial Buildings The eight zero-energy buildings proled later in this paper have a number of characteristics and design concepts in common.
Eciency comes rst. Every bit counts.
They are not large
Energy saved in a ZEB is energy that the building doesn’t have to produce. An eective methodology to achieve maximum building eciency is:
All eight buildings are one or two stories tall and comprise less than 15,000 square feet. The authors believe that is mainly because the ZEB concept is new and is being tested – not because it can only work in small buildings. However, a building’s size and especially its shape do signicantly aect its ability to meet a ZEB goal using only renewable energy generated on-site. Energy modeling performed by NREL and DOE shows that it would be harder for three-story buildings to meet ZEB goals with on-site resources and extremely dicult for buildings of four or more stories. That is because multi- story buildings have relatively higher load densities, relatively less roof area for PV systems, and relatively less daylighting potential. Although this might seem like a major limitation of ZEB design, it does not aect most U.S. commercial buildings, which on average are one story and 8,000 to 16,000 square feet.
1. Load reduction: Reduce every energy-consuming load to the minimum and eliminate unnecessary loads. In a new building, start with a design that includes only the energy services that are actually necessary. 2. Systems eciency: Meet the remaining loads as eciently as possible. Optimize the eciency of the system as a whole, in addition to the individual components. (For example, make sure that pumps, motors, fans and insulation are optimally specied for the facility.) 3. Regenerative systems: Use waste energy for useful purpos es. 4. Renewable systems: Generate power on-site and renewably. One notable eect of extreme eciency is that, a s lighting and HVAC HVAC systems get more ecient, pl ug loads become relatively more important and a more signicant target for reduction. Thus, choosing the most energy-ecient devices becomes essential to achieving net zero energy use.
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Integrated design and operation are necessary. Zero-energy buildings achieve their goals best when all parties involved – from owners to architects to contractors – share the zero-energy vision and collaborate throughout design and construction. Further, facility operators and building occupants, who control system settings and plug loads, must actively participate to make the building achieve its design goals.
On-site renewable energy is a priority. Renewable energy generated on-site has the most permanence over the life of the building. Land o-site that produces wind or solar energy for the building may eventually become more valuable for other uses, and purchasers of renewable energy from distant sources have less incentive to reduce the
building’s energy use initially and maintain low use over time. This does not devalue purchases of renewable power – it simp ly highlights the motivational and p ermanence advantages of onsite renewable energy generation for those bui ldings that have this option.
Monitoring and verication prove the achievement. Once a ZEB is in use, careful monitoring and verication are needed to back up the design claims and, often, to identify and correct improperly constructed or functioning systems. The owners of buildings that share this m onitoring data are helping to disseminate actual information about the performance of ZEBs, and that should reduce the risk and accelerate the construction of new ZEBs.
IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility Facility,, San Jose, CA
“In fve years, anyone would be crazy to design a building that isn’t green. But I’ll bet you that Greenbuild in fve years won’t just be about green buildings. It will be about zero net energy buildings, and about technologies to increase the amount of excess energy building owners can sell on the grid. gr id.” ” Former President Bill Clinton, Greenbuild Keynote Address, November 2007
Conclusion By shifting the focus from a percent energy savings goal to an absolute goal of “zero,” net-zero energy buildings oer a clear and inspiring goal for new buildings, and a signicant way to improve building energy sustainability and to reduce the environmental impact of buildings. In some cases net-zero energy buildings have been shown to be cost-eective when compared to traditionally constructed buildings. In other cases, building owners have invested in ZEBs to demonstrate their commitment to renewable energy, the climate, and other non monetar y values. The proof of concept provided by these buildings, combined with the increasing eciency and lower costs of renewable energy technologies, should lead to the growing adoption of ZEB techniques and technologies within the commercial building marketplace. More experience with zero energy buildings will also lead to an awareness of best practices that will drive the cost lower and reduce perception of risk associated with concept.
About the author Clay Nesler is the Vice President, Global Energy and Sustainability for the Building Eciency business of Johnson Controls. In this role, he is responsible for overall energy and sustainability strategy, strategy, policy, communications and innovation on a global basis. He is also a member of the Johnson Controls sustainability leadership team responsible for setting overall sustainability strategy and policy across the corporation. Since joining Johnson Controls in 1983, Clay has held a variety of leadership positions in technolog y, new product development, m arketing and strategy in both the US and Europe. He has been active in ASHRAE as an author, speaker and technical committee chairman. He is the recipient of the 2005 CoreNet H. Bruce Russell Global Innovator’s Award Award for development of the Solutions Navigator™ game board-based collaborative planning tool. He is also listed as the co-inventor of ten U.S. Patents. Clay received his BS and MS degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Clay currently serves on Wisconsin Governor’s Task Force on Global Warming, the Executive Committee for the Energy Eciency Forum in Washington, D.C. D.C. and the advis ory committee for the Climate Registry .
Insulation of Buildings When designing a Green Building and addressing the issue of energy-efciency energy-efciency,, one of the most important factors is the design of the building envelope system. Heat is
Don’t
gained in a building (from a warmer exterior environment) through conduction of walls and roof and hence use of THERMAL INSULATION is the most essential. essentia l. Insulated buildings have less heat transfer through the building envelope when compared to conventionally constructed buildings, resulting in less heat gain or heat loss to the exterior environment. This directly translates translates to less energy-consumption energy-consumption
let the energy
and lower operating costs for air-conditioning. air-conditioning.
Basics of Insulation While insulating a building, the most critical elements of the building envelope are the exterior walls, roof and ooring. It is best to use materials with low thermal conductivity [W/m2K] for these elements. Construction materials like AAC-blocks or hollow brick blocks should be preferred over concrete and conventional bricks. Higher thermal insulation can be easily achieved by covering roof, walls and oors
escape
with insulation which are available in different specications on the market. The most commonly used materials for insulation of buildings are:
from
•
Extruded polystyrene (XPS)
•
Polyurethane (PUR)
•
Expanded polystyrene (EPS)
Over-deck roof insulation
your building! Final layer (Tiles, pavingslabs or roof garden)
by Mr. Zafer Ansari General Manager, Marketing & Sales DOW Building solutions
Geo-fabric
STYROFOAM* Waterproofing membrane Screed or brick batt coba to create slope Roof slab
Why Over-deck roof insulation? •
Extreme temperature variations
•
Protection against thermal loads
•
Expansion contraction cycles
•
UV protection (til es/ballast/garden) es/ballast/garden)
•
Membrane protected against mechanical damages
Simulation results - roof surface:
Insulated roof with gravel:
•
Surface temperature is estimated 75 deg C and 73 respectively
•
XPS insulation thickness of 75mm 75mm (R-15) reduces the temperature to 27.5 27.5 deg C
•
When the desired room room temperature temperature is 25 deg C, the the air-conduction air-conduction load load is reduced reduced to minimal minimal resulting in less consumption consumption of energy / savings on electricity bill.
1.Wall 2.Screed 3.Adhesive 4.STYROFOAM IB Insulation
5.Fastener 6.Render 7.Mesh 8.Render 9.Finish
Application
Choosing the “RIGHT” insulation
The majority of Insulation products come in boards which can
•
100% closed cell structure
be installed very fast on the exterior. The best way is to install
•
High resistance to water absorption
any kind of insulation on the outside of the wall or roof to make
•
High compressive strength
maximum use of the insulation insulation effect. Over-Deck application application
•
Low thermal conductivity
for roof and EIFS for walls, these applications are most effective
•
High Mechanical Properties
and largely recommended by architects/consultants for optimum
•
Fire Classication
energy conservation.
Payback of Insulation Insulation of the building envelope is denitely denitely a wise decision to save on energy-cost. energy-cost. To accurately accurately calculate the energy-savings, energy-savings, an energy simulation should be done for the whole building.
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Tamil Nadu Nadu Legislative Le gislative Assembly
Client: Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Block A, Chennai Certication Achieved: LEED Gold under LEED India New Construction Green Building Consultant: En3 Sustainability Solutions Key Highlights: The TNLA-Block A has achieved LEEDTM Gold certication from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), making it the rst Assembly / Senate green building and India’s largest governmental governmental building to receive this level of recognition.
SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING •
•
The project is in ideal location with close proximity to public transportation thereby minimizing transportation pollution and strain on local infrastructure.
•
Being built on a previously developed site, the project has taken great care to protect existing structures and trees,
•
The project also has planned for covered car parks in order to reduce local heat island effects and provide more comfort for all the occupants.
•
Rain water harvesting tank and pits have been provided to harvest water on-site and ensure post-construction runoff is less than pre-construction runoff.
•
Green roofs and reective roofs have been planned for the project to reduce heat islands and to minimize impact on micro climate and also reduce heat ingress into the building.
transplanted several trees and preserved the high quality top soil throughout the construction phase to reuse the same f or landscaping.
•
Provision of carpooling spaces within the premises in an effort to promote and r ide sharing to reduce transportation
The entire site has been well-planned with
lot of open
and landscaped spaces to promote bio-diversity
Provision of battery charging stations and in an effort to promote use of alternative and low emitting vehicles and to reduce transportation pollution.
•
pollution as well as strain on the local infrastructure.
LEED Gold Certified
WATER MANAGEMENT •
•
Water is an integral part of “TNLA Block A” building and every effort is been taken to minimize water use within the site.
100% of the waste water generated on-site is reused within the site itself for landscaping and toilet ushing and no water is let out of site thereby conserving as much water as possible
•
native / adaptive species of vegetation which require little or no irrigation after few years thereby reducing the water requirement signicantly. •
By installing water efcient xtures such as low ow dualush toilets, sensor based urinals and hand washes and reusing treated water for ushing the building has reduced
the overall water consumption by over 52 %.
All landscaping areas have been planted with TNLA’s Block A was inaugurated on 13th March by our Honarable Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh, the grand function was attended by Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, Chair person of ruling in the presence of Karantaka Chief Minister Mr.B.S. Yeddyura eddyurappa, ppa, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Mr.Rossaiya, Union Cabinet Minister of textile Mr.Dayanidhi Maran, and other dignitaries too. Inspired to be GREEN feels happy in having such a pioneer project in Chennai, which shall be an outstanding example for demonstrating the importance of Green, and shall contribute towards spreading the green movement in Chennai. And we also wish the project team for their colossal effort which made this possible.
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ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING •
•
The building’s shape and exterior cladding has been designed as a smooth arc which gleams obliquely against the linearity of the neighborhood as against a standard block construction and helps reduce the direct heat radiation on the building thereby reducing energy consumption.
energy consumption is another notable feature. •
Use of efcient lighting overall energy consumption.
•
In line with international standards, the refrigerants used in the air conditioning system are environmentally friendly
The exterior of the building is a combination of shaded
very low ozone depleting and global warming potential. and have
windows, energy efcient low-e glazing and a screen that incorporates traditional ‘kolam’ designs in a effort to reduce overall heat ingress into the building and save on energy. •
systems to reduce the
•
Provision of a detailed metering system to ensure that adequate
measurement and monitoring of all
building has been done to continuously continuously systems in the building
Use of energy efcient air conditioning system that ensures delivery of fresh, ltered air to every room thereby maintaining thermal comfort while reducing
monitor the building post-occupancy as well
OPTIMIZATION ON MATERIAL AND RESOURCES •
storage and collection of • recyclable materials such as paper, glass, plastic, Provision of space for
metals and establishment of contracts with recycling agents. •
The project has very special focus on materials and every effort was made by the contractors and designers to ensure that materials and resources were utilized optimally. Almost
all of the construction waste has been recycled or reused within the site itself thereby diverting almost nothing to the landlls.
•
In addition to th e use of rapidly renewable materials other sustainability attributes such as materials with a high percentage of recycled content, materials that are locally available and responsibly harvested wood products such as plywood and veneer have been carefully selected and used in the project. Another important feature of this building is a number of
materials shall been extracted and manufactured locally/ regionally thereby reducing the pollution associated with transportation.
TNLA was created with a vision to introduce a new level of environmental consciousness throughout the entire State of Tamilnadu as well as the country at large. It has emerged as a leader in sustainable urban development and has set the tone for future developments in this region of the world. Below is the photograph of the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu looking at the LEED Gold Plaque with the Green Building Consultants for the project Ms. Deepa Sathiaram and Mr. Sathiaram Ram of En3 Sustainability Solutions. Also seen in the picture are Mr. S. Rajarathinam, Secretary to Chief Minister and Mr. S. Ramasundaram, Secretary PWD.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY •
In order to support enhanced IAQ and long-term well-being
purchased to ensure that they
of all occupants, adequate fresh air has been planned as per international ASHRAE standards.
formaldehyde that can be potentially harmful for
•
The entire building is a non-smoking building thereby ensuring the health and safety of all its occupants.
•
All adhesives, sealants, paints and coatings used in the building are low VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints thereby having minimum organic emissions that are harmful to humans.
•
All the composite
do not contain urea
occupant health. •
occupants of the building will have control over their lighting and air conditioning set points thereby giving them the exibility By design, majority of the
to control their own environment •
The building has been designed to provide thermal comfort for the occupants as per international standards.
wood products used have been
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BIOFILMS in COOLING TOWERS
What are Biolms? Bio Films are layers of bacterial colonies which form saccharide or “sugar” Linkages between themselves. This results in the formaon of a lm or slime layer on any surface in the water circuit. They ulize nutrients and other microbes present in water to mulply and increase in thickness.
The matrix is basically water. The microbes are dispersed in this
Biolms are a result of evoluon by microorganisms to survive in fast moving streams of water. They use the linkages to strongly adhere to any surface or substrate. The structure of these
The protecon aorded to the microbes by the slime allows for rapid mulplicaon in the numbers of bacterial colonies causing the biolm to increase in thickness. Increase in the thickness of the biolm results in various problems in the cooling circuit.
biolms is referred to as “wovenmatrix Colony”. This makes biolm removal a major challenge in cooling towers.
matrix of water. Biolms are made up of 85-95% water.
The temperature and free nutrient availability in cooling towers make themideal for biolm growth.
Economic eects
100
Reducon of heat transfer eciency: Bio lms have one-h
80
the conducvity value of carbonate scale. Hence 1mm of bioslime has the same eect as a 5mm carbonate scale layer.
60 40 20
As is clear from the above Graph a carbonate scale of around 5 mm thickness reduces the heat transfer eciency by
0 1
approximately 27%.
2
3
4
5
6
Thickness of Scale in mm
7
8
9
10
Energy loss in %
Increase in Corrosion: Sulfate and Iron Reducing Bacteria in the circuit can greatly increase the corrosion rate in the pipelines. If unchecked this can even result in the need for changing of the enre pipeline.
Fricon Loss: B iolms funcon as stagnant stagna nt lms of Water. Water. This reduces the eecve pipe diameter. Hence these lms result in increase of fricon losses leading to higher head requirements. For Power Plant and Industrial Cooling Towers the circulaon rates are so high that even a marginal increase in head loss or pump head requirement leads to a huge increase in BKW and Energy costs. Shutdown for Cleaning: If biofouling reaches a level where shutdown and cleaning of the cooling towers are required then the process shut down costs in industry or Zero power generaon costs in power plants are enormous. If not properly controlled this can occur with greater frequency causing huge losses. Complex Biocide Programs: If disinfecon is not sasfactory, Complicated Biocide Programs with frequent change in biocide’s become necessary. These result in high chemical costs.
Problems with convenon convenonal al disinfectants •
Disinfecon eect of Chlorine is highly pH Dependent – Almost nil beyond pH > 8
•
Chlorine Forms toxic byproducts like chloramines and halo forms
•
Chlorine has limited acon against biolm & Blue green algae.
•
Chlorine is ineecve against certain deadly pathogens like
(THM), which are cancer-causing agents.
Legionella.
Bio fouling of a circulaon system with hypochlorite aer 1 year
•
High risk in storing and handling Chlorine Gas.
•
Statutory Regulaons are high for storing Chlorine Tonners.
•
Rapid degradaon of hypo chlorite concentraon.
•
When organic biocides are used certain bacteria & pathogens become resistant over a period of me and hence the treatment program needs to be connuously revised.
•
Biocides are generally proprietary and hence expensive.
Health eects Circulang water systems operate mostly between 30-40 Deg C. These are ideal breeding ground for various pathogenic & resistant bacteria. Bacteria like Legionella residing in the bio lm can reach crical pathogenic concentraons and result in outbreaks of Legionnaires disease. It is essenal to keep bio lms under check to prevent any such outbreaks. Same system with chlorine dioxide aer 1 year
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Advantages Advantages Of ClO2 for Cooling Tower Tower Disinfecon •
The disinfecon (oxidaon) eect of chlorine dioxide is signicantly beer than chlorine in the same concentraon.
•
Oxidaon potenal of chlorine dioxide is approximately 2.5 mes that of chlorine.
•
No formaon of toxic chloramines and haloforms (THM) –> no bad smell or taste.
•
Compared to other biocides, chlorine dioxide has a considerably stronger disinfecon eect against all types pathogens like viruses, bacteria & algae.
•
Long residence me: even chlorine-res istant germs, such as legionella, are destroyed safely and completely by chlorine dioxide.
•
Chlorine Dioxide – Ideal Disinfectant for Cooling Towers Disinfecon
Disinfecon independent from the pH value > ideal for for
Chlorine Dioxide is becoming increasingly popular in the eld of water treatment as the disinfectant of choice for many water treatment applicaons. The chemical formula for Chlorine Dioxide is ClO2. The properes of chlorine dioxide seem to be an ideal mix of the salient properes of Ozone and Chlorine. Chlorine Dioxide is environmentally friendly, and in fact, is a polluon protecon technology, that assists in protecng the environment and human health, from bacteria and by-products formed from other disinfecon methods.
Chlorine dioxide cannot be transported or stored for long periods and needs to be generated on site using safe generaon methods with the required safety trips and monitoring systems.
disinfecon of high alkaline pH water.
•
Acid/Chlorite
•
Destroys & eliminates biolms in cooling tower.
•
Chlorine/Chlorite
•
Chlorine dioxide is highly selecve in its reacons for example
•
Three Chemical- Acid/Chlorite/Hypo
it does not react with ammonical nitrogen and hence the consumpon and dosage requirements are generally much lower than that of other disinfectants.
Mechanism of Disinfecon by ClO2 Chlorine dioxide disinfects by disrupng metabolic cycles of microorganisms. This makes it eecve against even virus spores. This characterisc of chlorine dioxide also ensures perfect disinfecon of the water eliminang bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa etc. Chlorine Dioxide is approximately 2.5 mes more oxidizing than chlorine and hence is able to penetrate tough biolm layers. This makes chlorine dioxide the ideal disinfectant for biolm removal. The mechanism of disinfecon coupled with its very strong oxidizing nature allows chlorine dioxide to destroy chlorine resistant biolms and many other chlorine resistant germs.
Safe & Ecient Generaon of ClO2 Decades of experience and research have revealed, that many disinfecon tasks can be accomplished much beer with the addion of chlorine dioxide. Grundfos Alldos oers soluons for eecve and safe disinfecon: the Oxiperm® chlorine dioxide generaon systems. Though ClO2 oers plenty of advantages safe & ecient generaon is a Challenge. This is because ClO2 gas is unstable & explosive above a certain concentraon which requires adequate safety interlocks in the ClO2 Generator. Ecient & Reliable generaon is required to opmize the chemical usage and get maximumyield. Oxiperm ClO2 Generators: Grundfos Alldos oers easy to Operate, fully PLC based ClO2 Generators to ensure complete safety & highly
Targeng legionella
About Grundfos Grundfos is the world’s largest pump manufacturer, based in Denmark with more than 18,000 employees globally. Grundfos produces electric motors for the pumps as well as a considerable amount of electric motors for separate merchandising. Furthermore, Grundfos develops and sells state-of-the-art electronics for controls for pumps and other systems. It’s the full range supplier of pumps and pump soluons, represented in every part of the world. The Chennai facility of Grundfos is one of the rst LEED Gold rated building in India.
About the authors
Types of systems:
The authors of this arcle are Mr Gangaprasad, Senior Segment Manager CBS & Dosing - 9840927901, Mr Feroz Asst Manager Sales - 9840948720 and Mr Anirudh Applicaon Engineer 9282145181.
Oxiperm - pro 162: upto 10g/hr (using 7.5% NaClO2 & 9% HCl) Oxiperm 164D : upto 2000 g/hr (using 7.5% NaClO2 & 9% HCl) Oxiperm 164C : upto 10,000 g/hr (using 25% NaClO2 & 33% HCl) Oxiperm 166 : upto 10,000 g/hr (using 25% NaClO2 & Cl2 Gas)
Inspired to be GREEN thanks the authors on behalf of the readers for spending their valuable me in explaining the concept biolms in cooling towers in simple terms.
ecient producon of ClO2.
Disinfection Systems for Swimming Pool and Water Treatment
Use our specialist expertise to be sure you get both the right water quality and a lower chemical consumption. consumption. On the basis of your your specifications, we can design, install and commission complete dosing systems.
Grundfos Pumps India Pvt. Ltd. 118, Old Mahabalipuram Road, Thoraipakkam,, Chennai-600 097, India. Thoraipakkam Phon Ph onee : +91 +91 44 24 2496 9668 6800 00 Fax : +91 44 24966969 E-mail E-m ail : salesind salesindia@ ia@gru grundf ndfos. os.com com
Toll Free No. : 1800 - 345 - 4555 SMS PUMPS to 55050 Website : www.grundfos.in E-Mail : salesindia@grundf
[email protected] os.com
Ahmedabad : (079) 4006 3618 | Bangalore : (080) 2649 2660 | Bhubaneshwar : (0) 99370 34044 | Coimbatore : (0) 97910 11130 | Chandigarh : (0) 97791 25824 Cochin : (0) 98474 28872 | Delhi : (011) 4222 6090 | Hyderabad : (040) 2373 1014 | Kolkata : (033) 2231 1837 | Madurai : (0) 99401 12407 | Mumbai : (022) 2686 0706 Maldives : (960) 3322400 | Nagpur : (0) 92252 14096 | Pune : (020) 3240 3640 | Raipur : (0) 99935 83536 | Surat : (0) 97250 45271 | Vizag : (0) 98666 60391 Jaipur : (0) 97846 42582 | Goa : (0) 99701 55976 | Lucknow : (0) 99360 98222 | Indore : (0) 98930 98763 | Rourkela : (0) 99370 48005
An Efcient Way of Air Conditioning HMX Ambiator is an innovative, eco-friendly, highly energy-efcient and a healthy alternative to conventional airconditioning. It offers 100% fresh, ltered and cool air with low carbon foot-print. HMX Ambiators work on the combination of new generation sensible cooling technology & an advanced adiabatic cooling which is also called IDEC (Indirect-direct evaporative cooling) technology. technology. The core of HMX technology technology is new generation, generation, highly energy efcient (EER between 25 and 40) patented technology (patent pending) sensible heat exchanger also called DAMA (Dry Air Moist Air).
and healthy indoor environment for various applications. This HMX Ambiator’s capability puts it in a different le ague altogether from any DEC (direct evaporative cooling) system. Psychrometric representation of HMX Ambiator’s working principle.
HMX Ambiators work on the principle of two-stage evaporative cooling i.e. IDEC (Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling). During the indirect cooling stage there is a drop in the dry bulb temperature without adding moisture to the primary air. Then the cooled primary air is passed through the adiabatic heat exchanger i.e. direct cooling stage, and thereby the cooled primary air has a further drop in temperature while picking some moisture / HMX Ambiators achieve machine outlet Dry Bulb humidity in the process. Temperature (DBT) below the concurrent ambient Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) thus providing a comfortable, pleasant, The above process is shown below in a psychrometric chart:
HMX Ambiators Ambiators are having an installed base of over 6 million CFM in India and growing. Psychrometric Chart based on barometric pressure of 1013 mbar
Moisrture kg/kg 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015
D E C
IEC
C
0.01
B
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
A
35
40
Dry bulb temperature in Deg C
45
0.005
50
55
60
0 65
Salient features & benets – HMX Ambiator Advantages
Limitations
Lower capital cost
Lower cooling temperature 24 Deg C*
Very low power consumption
Relative humidity 606070% as against 4040 -60% achievable achievable with a conventional AC system
100% fresh fresh air on continuous basis against 10% , superior clean indoor quality
Ambiator is somewhat bulky and has to be mounted in open space
Comparision of Conventional AC system with Ambiator Conventional AC AC
Ambiator based AC AC
Can provide provide 2020-24 Deg C & 303060% RH
Can provide provide less than 26 Deg C for 96% time in a yea r & RH in range of 6060-70%
Power requirement : ~1.2kW/TR ~1.2kW/TR
Power requirement only 0.50.50.6kW/TR; demand savings also possible
Typically 10 10% fresh air
100% fresh cool air
Sick building syndrome envisaged
No problems of sick building syndorme
Poor i nd ndoor ai air qu qualit y
Excelle nt i ndoor ai r qu quali ty
CFCs causing ozone depletion
Eco-friendly. Eco-friendly. No No CFCs allowed
* - Its the temp. achieved in the indoor space. At machine outlet the temperature will be below the ambient wet bulb temperature Source: TERI Document DCS 001
Salient features & benets – HMX Ambiator •
•
•
•
•
• • •
Energy-efcient Energy-efci ent – Saves upto 60% of the energy compared to conventional air conditioning, having high energy efciency ratio (EER) between 25 & 40. Safe & Cool Cool – 100% 100% fresh air application, application, clean and ltered air ow, excellent indoor air quality (IAQ), no sick building syndrome (SBS). Eco-friendly – No No CFCs involved, zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential), and help reduce GHGs (Green House Gases) signicantly. Reducing chances of infection - Helps reduce viral density in the air thereby reducing the chances of infection from contagious virus in air e.g. swine u. Versatile – Options of variable speed drives, PLC / micro processor based control systems, remote management and integration with existing control systems / BMS (Building Management Systems) and EMS (Energy Management Systems) Excellent ROI & payback period Patented Technology Technology - New generation patented* sensible cooling technology technology heat exchanger (*patent (*patent pending) Flexible – can work in tandem with existing conventional air-conditioners
Applications include HMX Ambiators offer new generation, low carbon, comfort conditioning solutions for your commercial and industrial requirements like: • • • •
Comfort air-conditioning air-conditioning for indoor spaces Industrial ventilation and cooling 100% fresh air applications Inlet air cooling to increase the efciency & output of gas turbines, air compressors and large DG sets etc.
HMX Ambiator – Winner of ISHRAE Awards of Excellence 2010 for “Green & Sustainable” category
in two more categories “Innovation” and “Indoor Air Quality”. ACREX 2010 was held at the Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, from 17th-20th Feb'10. The Clean Technology Group of A.T.E. A.T.E. Enterprises and HMX Systems jointly participated in this exhibition and had exhibited HMX’s products such as HMX Ambiator, HMX Economizer & a model hybrid air conditioner.
About A.T.E. A.T.E. is committed to a sustainable development and offers an integrated approach to green technologies and products. A.T.E.'s Clean Technology Group was created as a response to the growing need for innovative technology solutions to mitigate the impact of climate change and to promote sustainable development. Our areas of focus are comfort conditioning and water. water. For comfort conditioning, conditioning, we provide HMX Ambiators, Ambiators, which are manufactured by HMX Systems Private Limited, Bengaluru (www.hmz.biz) - a Group Company of A.T.E. HMX Systems has been instrumental in developing this patented * sensible cooling technology system in comfort conditioning space (* patent pending). According to the World Bank technical paper WTP 421, on Evaporative Air-Conditioning (EAC), “The nal air leaving an indirect-direct EAC is generally 3 – 4 Deg C cooler than what could be achieved with a direct EAC unit alone”. HMX Ambiators are made robust to withstand the water / climate conditions in India and are also equipped with UV treatment units to ensure circulated water is free from bacteria and other such germs and no foul smell comes through the system.
Contact details A.T.E. A.T.E. Enterprises Pvt Ltd., 7 Shreenivas Classic, Baner Road, Pune 411 045, India. Tel +91 | 20 | 27293942 Fax +91 | 20 | 27293308 Email
[email protected] [email protected]
HMX Ambiator’, exhibited at the ACREX 2010, has won the ISHRAE Awards of Excellence 2010 in the category of ‘'Green & Sustainable Product'. The HMX Ambiator was also nominated nominated
Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
41
The simple solution would be to replace the traditional glass cleaner with an environmentally preferable product. After all, an environmentally preferable glass cleaner will clean the mirror and will do so while reducing the health and environmental impacts. However, in Healthy High Performance Cleaning, we must also consider the process of how the glass cleaner is used in addition to ancillary tools and equipment. Depending on how the product is applied, the amount of vapors that are potentially released during the use of the product can vary greatly. For example, if the product is sprayed on the mirror with a trigger sprayer in a ne mist, it will cause more vapors than if the cleaner is applied in a stream. The vapors can be even further reduced if the cleaner is applied to a wiping cloth. In fact, micro-ber clothes are preferred over other types of wiping clothes because of their proven ability to pick up and remove dust and small dust particles. Healthy High Performance Cleaning forces us to consider both the product and the process to Achieve our goals. Managing a building is a huge responsibility. responsibility. As an asset it can be worth tens of millions of dollars and some historical buildings are irreplaceable. The materials of construction, energy and other products used in building operations have an enormous environmental impact. The impact of cleaning chemicals and processes makes an indelible impact on the lives of the people who work, visit and live in the building. Thus, Stewardship is about “care” for a building far beyond the basic operations.
J
ust imagine where we would be today without the means to remove harmful and unwanted contaminants from our buildings. Contaminants like bacteria, viruses, molds and fungi can adversely affect human health. Common dirt dust and soils can be contaminated with pesticides and other chemicals. Poor indoor quality is often associated with improper cleaning products and procedures. Aside from the obvious impact on health issues (respiratory illnesses, allergies, headaches etc) the cleaning products and procedures can also impact an organization nancial bottom line. Without a doubt cleaning is important to protect our health as well as the buildings in which we live and work. Healthy High Performance Cleaning programs are designed to improve a buildings environmental quality and sustainability with a cost neutral or cost reduction impact on operations. It is a unique, all inclusive approach to cleaning that helps ensure a clean and safe work environment, increase employee productivity and satisfaction and enhance the value and integrity of buildings while reecting organizational mission and values. In most cases the product issue seems to get the maximum attention. To further illustrate the point, consider the use of a traditional glass cleaner used to clean a restroom mirror. Some of these products are made with alcohol and ammonia. These ingredients help remove ngerprints and other soils, and quickly evaporate to leave a streak-free surface, even when over-applied or not wiped off thoroughly. When these ingredients evaporate, restroom occupants may be exposed to low levels of vapors that remain in the room. The vapors can potentially be circulated throughout the building by the ventilation system exposing the building’s occupants who may never have entered the room. Finally, the vapors are exhausted to the outdoors where they can contribute to atmospheric Smog and pollution.
Author: Mr. Abhay Desai Director Marketing South Asia.
What do we mean by Stewardship? Here are the 10 Stewardship Principles we follow: 1. Go beyond Appearances Clean to protect health and the environment rst and appearance second. It is not what is seen that is the real area of concern. Even buildings that appear clean can be extremely unhealthy. Thus, focus on cleaning for health and the environment. In most cases the appearance will be addressed at the same time. 2. Take a Holistic Approach Clean and maintain the building as a whole, not just as separate components. Cleaning and maintenance in one area of a building can impact other areas. For example, VOCs from stripping and recoating a oor in one area can migrate to adjacent areas or even the entire building via the HVAC system. Appropriate Appropriate actions must take place to insure the health and safety throughout the entire building. 3. Educate and Communicate Commit to people, education and communications. Buildings don't get dirty or get cleaned by themselves. These activities are dependent on people! A successful Healthy High Performance Cleaning program should involve both the cleaning personnel and building occupants. Get people involved, keep them involved by celebrating and communicating successes, and let them know the value/benets of the program. 4. Scheduled Routine Maintenance Scheduled maintenance that is frequent and thorough is the most efcient and effective method for building maintenance. Concise plans and records are a must. 5. Plan for Accidents Accidents Specic procedures need to be developed to address accidents. Plans should address weather-related problems as well as common spills (e.g., coffee), water leaks, smoke or air contamination by a chemical spill. 6. Minimize Exposure Reduce human exposure to harmful contaminants and cleaning residues. Workers should always use the appropriate personal protective equipment. Areas where work is taking place should have adequate ventilation. Work schedules should be established to minimize exposure to building occupants. Finally, products used should be the most environmentally preferable to accomplish the task. 7. Minimize Residue Use micro-ber cloth to minimize chemical, particle and moisture residue when cleaning. The products that are used for building maintenance due to their ability to quickly and efciently remove oils, soils, living organisms, etc., can also contribute to a building's problem if used incorrectly. 8. Ensure Safety Keep workers and building occupants safe and secure at all times. 9. Reduce All Pollutants Minimize the amount of pollutants entering the building with a concerted effort toward source removal. It is signicantly more effective in terms of both time and money to keep contaminants out of the building than to try to remove them once they have entered. 10. Safe Disposal Dispose of cleaning waste in an environmentally environmentally appropriate manner.
Cleaning Personnel Responsibility The role that cleaning workers play in a Healthy High Performance Cleaning program compared to a traditional cleaning program is very similar when we look at the day-to-day responsibilities for keeping facilities clean, removing trash, and restocking restroom supplies, etc. In a Healthy High Performance Cleaning program, cleaning personnel are part of a Stewardship Team, not a group of individuals responsible for cleaning the building. The importance of their role in maintaining a healthy indoor environment should be elevated in stature throughout the facility. facility. The result is improved communications, which in turn means there are fewer problems that can be solved more quickly and with less aggressive or toxic materials.
Occupant Responsibility Dening Healthy High Performance Cleaning programs also identies the critical role played by occupants. For example: ■ Cleaning a simple coffee or beverage spill becomes more difcult over time as the spill dries. As it seeps into the carpet and dries, it can require more aggressive stain cleaning agents to remove. The time it takes for an occupant to report a spill directly affects the type of cleaning product that is used for removal. ■ Occupants who eat in their work areas may leave food crumbs in and behind desks, this may require the need to use toxic pesticides if the crumbs attract insects or rats, a huge problem in urban areas. ■ Those who work in clutter, or who create excessive amounts of trash, or who don’t Recycle, increase the amount of time custodial workers need to maintain the area, resulting in less time to perform other vital tasks.
Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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A cleaner, healthier future. As JohnsonDiversey, JohnsonDiversey, you expected us to deliver the best, most eective eec tive portolio o cleaning products. You relied on our world-class world- class innovation and service to make cleaning and sanitation more ecient. You valued partnering with us to address the most challenging needs. You looked to our leadership in making a cleaner, healthier uture or the world. Now, we’re we’re simpliying our name under one powerul brand—Diversey—to brand —Diversey—to better refect our world leadership in the commercial cleaning and hygiene business. As Diversey, Diversey, you can continue to expect us to deliver the very best products, services and partnership. par tnership. And you can count on us to do even more to deliver real, sustainable value. We’re Diversey, and we’re leading the world toward a cleaner, healthier uture.
Diversey India Pvt. Ltd A - 8, Laxmi Towers, Bandra Kurla Complex Complex Mumbai 400 051 Tel: 022 66444222 www.diversey.com
t h d i t i t e t w n m o o i m Mr. Rakesh Verma i L s s s has been involved u a t r i e e with Green Buildings i s c s m s and Products for the last 10 D r u years. He is a Civil Engineer g e I n d n n i & PGDMM, currently working for V r t i r Everest Industries as Business head s h p e s s for boards & panel division . With his deep r n e e I v knowledge about building materials he is sharing k n E a some insights on green construction materials: A s ) R s e r n n i M u s What is your stake on “Recycled content” B and how does Everest incorporate d s r this in it’s products? a o When waste is generated during a process, we look at it as ( B “useless” material and dump it on a landll site. Industrial M . processes producing huge amounts of waste and the safe G
Does Everest products have multiple applications in buildings? Yes, Everest products have multiple applications in buildings as mentioned below
disposal is becoming a major problem. This waste material may be dumped or reused as a “raw-material” to produce other goods and materials. Everest’s Fibre Cement Boards has post industrial recycled content i.e. at least 35 % of yash (waste from coal based thermal power stations) and 5% of recycled pulp. Therefore use of post industrial recycled content material in boards is atleast 40% , thus helps in conserving the new virgin material. Reusing waste of course, has many benets; rst it reduces the need for virgin materials and secondly reduces the amount of dumped waste and saving energy in the process. Using Everest Fibre Cement Boards which are produced with recycled content will earn the project points in the LEED rating system.
As Improving building envelop performance
• • • •
Exterior cladding Roof tile underlay Roof sarking Over deck insulation
As Energy efcient materials for building interiors
• Thermally and Acoustically effective internal partition systems i.e. it adds to the betterment of values along with other insulation materials. • False ceilings and ceiling linings for interiors. • Wall linings (general and wet areas) • Dry wall partitions • Flooring Substrate. The need of the day is products which can be used in many different ways. There is a wide selection of boards available on the market, which can be used for false ceilings, cladding, dry walls and partitions. A board which is used as partition, ceiling or wall is asked to provide excellent sound insulation, thermal insulation, water and moisture resistance as well as re-protection. Modern buildings are designed with functionality and aesthetics in mind and the materials must match the individual design requirement.
In your experience, does “Green doesn’t mean more expensive”? Green construction has to face a misconception of being more expensive than conventional buildings. This is not true when you consider life cycle and operating costs and look at a building in a holistic way. Not all “green” materials are more expensive than conventional products. Some green products may come with a higher price due to a higher production cost. The idea of green products is that they use RECYCLED CONTENT WHICH IS CHEAPER THAN VIRGIN MATERIAL, THE PRODUCTION SHOULD USE LESS ENERGY to lower the carbon footprint, and THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS IS PREFERRED TO BE LOCALLY IN THE COUNTRY . All three factors contribute to a less energy consuming product which could be cheaper than conventional materials. To work for future generations and bring more awareness about green building construction is a great motivation for Mr Rakesh Verma and we hope that this is a common goal of all our “Inspired to be Green” readers.
Inspired to be GREEN GREEN I Volume Volume 6 I
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l e e d decoded
Sustainable Sites Credit 7: Heat Island Effect
Intent To
reduce
gradient
the
heat
difference
island
between
effect
(thermal
developed
and
undeveloped areas).
Heat Island effect An urban heat island (UHI) is a metropolitan area which is signicantly warmer than its surroundin surrounding g rural areas. The temperature difference usually is larger at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. Seasonally, UHI is seen during both summer and winter. The main cause of the urban heat island is modication of the land surface by urban development which uses materials which effectively retain heat.
Shaded parking
Requirements For Non-Roof •
Minimum 50% 50% of the parking parking area to be undercover (or)
•
Shade for parking lots, walkways within 5 years
Covered parking
(or) •
Open-grid pavement system for a minimum of 50% of the parking lot area.
For Roof
Grass pavers
•
Install green roof for 50% of the roof area (or)
•
75% roof surface with SRI given in table below.
Green Roof A roof a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproong membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. it helps in absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, and to lower urban air temperatures, whereby reducing heat island effect on roof.
High SRI paving
Green roof
SRI Paint SRI is the value of the any material (such as paint) which corresponds to the overall ability to reject solar heat. The higher the value the higher is it’s ability to reject the heat. Usually paints with higher SRI value High reectance roof
are lighter in shades such as white.
Ro o f T y p e
S lo p e
S RI
Low sloped roof
< = 2:12
78
Steep-sloped Stee p-sloped roof
> = 2:12
29
This article is written by by Santhosh M IGBC AP, AP, Final year student of Architecture at Hindustan College College of Engineering, Chennai. Chennai.
What is geothermal cooling? Geothermal (or Geo-exchange) is a type of HVAC System (Heating, Venting, and Air-Conditioning). The earth absorbs almost 50% of all solar energy and remains a nearly constant temperature of 10°C (50°F) depending on geographic location. Working with an underground loop system, a geothermal unit utilizes this constant temperature to exchange energy between the building and the earth as needed for heating and cooling. Geothermal is the most efcient Air-conditioning system because the ground temperature stays stable and has no regard for the above ground ambient temperature. A geothermal heat pump simply takes advantage of this low temperature energy source and pumps it up to a usable level to cool/heat the building. Geothermal Heat Pumps are very different as compared to "Air to Air" Heat Pumps. "Air to Air" Heat Pumps absorb energy from the outdoor air which uctuates on a daily basis. Geothermal Heat Pumps draw energy out of the ground which stays relatively constant year round. Chiller kW/TR
Geothermal kW/TR
Chiller EER
Geothermal EER
Ah medabad
1.15
0.48
10.46
25.01
Ban galore
1.12
0.45
10.72
26.81
Ch en nai
1.27
0.51
9.48
23.69
Hyderabad
1.23
0.53
9.75
22.58
Jaipu r
1.11
0.43
10.85
27.61
Kolkatta
1.25
0.49
9.57
24.65
Mu mbai
1.16
0.46
10.34
25.85
Nagpu r
1.16
0.48
10.39
25.13
NCR
1.17
0.47
10.28
25.73
Pu n e
1.13
0.44
10.65
27.13
City
EER Comparision Comparision Geothermal vs. Air Air Source Cooling Outside Temp
32.2oC
37.7oC
43.3oC
Geothermal
17oC
17oC
17oC
Air Source
10.5oC
9oC
8oC
Why air-conditioning tonnage (TR) is reduced & energy efciency (EER) is increased using geothermal? A typical "Air Conditioner" operates as follows. Heat is transferred from the enclosure components by circulating air around and through them, the air is then cooled, dehumidied and returned to the enclosure without the admission of air from the outdoors. The heat is removed from this air within the air conditioner and discharged by means of a vapour compression refrigeration cycle. This takes place in a hermetically sealed system, utilizing either an air-cooled or water-cooled condenser coil. A schematic of a typical Air Conditioner is illustrated Lifecyle cost analysis Factor
Geothermal Geothermal
Conventional Conventional
Equi pment & Installation
+10-20%
-
Mai n ten ance
Equ al
Equ al
>25 yrs
