VoLTE Test Solution Training Materials

 

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo Rrhdodoa Lh tkrdhes

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

 

YgERK Brdvk Rkst Gvkrvdkw  Rkst bkvdjk (lgndek p`gok )



Xuhejgll pehtigrl= @uhwkd S8, Zgoy E;3t @dZd pehtigrl= @uhwkd S1 / Lhtk 1

kOgbkN

Jgotrge phoke dotrh-systkl `hobgvkr ehtkojy Zkrvdjk phoke dotrh-systkl `hobgvkr ehtkojy ^^J rk-ksthneds`lkot ehtkojy

LHTH 22 [ZN+, suppgrt 92F

shlpedoa L1

 Ehtkojy FSDs

Hjjkss FSDs

Jgotrge phoke LGJ/LRJ hjjkss sujjkssiue rhtk Zkrvdjk phoke LGJ/LRJ hjjkss sujjkssiue rhtk

 Rkst bkvdjk (sguob jhrb)

L1

Lhdo ERK skrvdjk FSDs

YgERK skrvdjk FSDs

YgERK tkstdoa sjkohrdgs

Srgnk

Lhyh



Zkrvdjk phoke LGJ/LRJ hjjkss bkehy Jgotrge phoke Z^YJJ `hobgvkr bkehy Zkrvdjk phoke Z^YJJ `hobgvkr bkehy **

 Luetd-tkrldohe jhphndedtdks

^kjgllkobkb tkst sj`klk= gok skt gi Srgnk 

SKZX ％ SGEXH(ON&ZQN)

 lgndedty FSD

Jgotrge phoke dotrh-systkl @Z^    Gt`kr ERK FSDs

K>K ehtkojy

^Z^S ％ ZDO^  [E & BE p`ysdjhe & SBJS ehykr bhth rhtk

K>K K>K mdttkr phjfkt egss rhtk [E & BE jgbdoa rhtk ZDS/^RS lksshaks ** Ehtkojy gi rkturo tg 2A

[E & BE LJZ, ^N oulnkr  DNEK^, ^NEK^  Hvkrhak gi @H^X rktrhosldssdgo [E & BE trhosldt pgwkr  BE RL, ^D

 YgERK spkjdidj FSDs

YgERK LGZ tkstdoa YgERK Z^YJJ(k-Z^YJJ) YgERK YS jhee YgERK D^HR @G YgERK LGJ/LRJ

kOgbkN

Zkrvdjk phoke LGJ/LRJ hjjkss bkehy Jgotrge phoke Z^YJJ `hobgvkr bkehy

^kthdohndedty & lgndedty FSDs

 Rkst sjkohrdgs 

YgERK vgdjk (ZB, @B) YgERK s`grt jhee, egoa jhee Hssdsthot

^kthdohndedty  FSDs

Zkrvdjk phoke Z^YJJ `hobgvkr bkehy ** Zkrvdjk phoke `hoa-up bkehy **

Zkrvdjk phoke jhee brgp rhtk Jgotrge phoke jhee brgp rhtk Z^YJJ Z^YJ J `hobgvkr sujjkssiue rhtk

 LGZ tkst heagrdt`l





Zkrvdjk phoke `hoa-up bkehy **

+ twg S1 + LHTH sguob jhrb (JLJJ sthobhrb)

kOgbkN

Ehtkojy FSDs

   ^kjgllkobkb tkstdoa lgndek= Lhtk1



R`k hngvk FSD hrk igrluehtkb hob rkikrrkb tg JLJJ tkst spkjdidjhtdgos



R`k hngvk FSD hrk igrluehtkb hob rkikrrkb tg JLJJ tkst spkjdidjhtdgos

**Bkpkobkb go @dsd tkrldohe @[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak >

 

Jgotkots 8

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo

>

YgERK Sehoodoa Rgges

:

YgERK Gptdldzhtdgo Rgges

2

Bgjulkots & Edofs

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak :

 

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo Dotrgbujtdgo R`ds sgeutdgo ds sudthnek igr gutbggr Y YgE gERK RK hjjkpthojk tkst, ny prgvdbdoa t`k tkst jhsk, lkt`gb, kxpkjtkb gutput hob jrdtkrdh.

Rkst Zgeutdgo =  

FSD bksjrdptdgo FSD

Bksjrdptdgo

YgE gERK RK Jh Jhee ee Zk Zktu tupp Zu Zujj jjks ksss ^ht ^htkk YgERK J Jhhee Brgp ^h ^htk YgERK gERK Ygdj gdjkk Xuhe Xuhedty dty Zjgrk( Zjgrk(LGZ LGZ))

Dobd Dobdjh jhtk tkss t` t`kk su sujj jjks ksss rht rhtkk gi gutagd gutagdoa/ oa/do dojg jgld ldoa oa YgE gERK RK jhee jhee sskt ktup ups, s, tt`k `k rht rhtkk prgp prgpgr grtd tdgo goht htkk tg t` t`kk X XJD JD8— 8—ss sk sktu tupp su sujj jjks ksss rh rhtk tk.. Dobdjhtks t` t`k YgERK jhee br brgp rh rhtk, t` t`k rh rhtk pprrgpgrtdgohtk ttgg tt``k X XJ JD8—s bbrrgp rrhhtk LGZ ds t`k hjt hjtuhe uheey ey jrdtkr jrdtkrdgo dgo gi t`k YgE gERK RK vgdjk vgdjk quhedt quhedtyy, hhssk sskssk sskbb ny SH+LGZ H+LGZ ngx ige igeegw egwdoa doa t`k heagrd heagrdt`l t`l S.09 .09:. :.

kZ^YJJ kZ^YJJ @hobg @hobgvkr vkr ZZujjks ujjksss ^h ^htk(Y tk(Ygdjk) gdjk)

t`k ZZ^ ^YJJ `hobgvk `hobgvkrr sujjkss sujjkss rhtk Dobdj Dobdjhtks htks t`k Ygdjk skrvd skrvdjk jk jgotdou jgotdoudty dty ht ht `k jgvkr jgvkrhak hak kkbak bak gi gi E ERK RK oktwgr oktwgrfs. fs.

YgER gERK J Jhe heee Zkt Zktuup B Bke kehy hy kZ kZ^ ^YJJ @ho hobg bgvk vkrr Bk Bkeh ehyy

[suhe suheey ey dobdj obdjhhtks tks t`k t`k jhee jhee skt sktup bke bkehy gi jhe jheekr ekr, bbki kido dokb kb ny ZDS ZDS lks lksssha haks ks== R Rddlk lkssth thlp lp(8 (803 03^d ^doa oa)) ‚ Rd Rdlk lkst sthl hlp( p(Do Dovd vdtk tk)) Dobd obdjhtk jhtkss t`k dotk dotkrrvhe vhe kehp kehpsk skbb nktw nktwkkko Z^YJ Z^YJJ J `hob `hobgv gvkr kr rkq kqud udrrkl klkkot ho hobb hjjks jjkssd sdoa oa do AK^HO ^HO.

 

Rkst jhsk bksjrdptdgo

Zkqukojk

Rkst jhsk

8

YgERK BR ‚ Z`grt vgdjk jhee

>

YgERK BR ‚ Eg Egoa vgdjk jhee

:

YgERK Skrigrlhojk tkst ‚ kZ^YJJ `hobgvkr tkst(Gutbggr BR sjkohrdg)

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

Surpgsk

8. kvheuhtks t`k hjjkss pkrigrlhojk gi t`k Y YgE gERK RK skrvdjk, kspkjdheey t`k YgERK gERK jhee sktup sujjkss rhtk hob YgERK jhee brgp rhtk. >. Lkhsurks t`k FSD ahp do vhrdgus Y YgER gERK K jgbkj rhtk skekjtdgo sjkohrdgs 8. Kvheuhtks t`k vgdjk quhedty gi YgE YgERK RK hob sujjkss rhtk hob pkrigrlhojk gi `hobgvkr do spkjdhe jgvkrhak jgobdtdgo. >. Lkhsurks t`k FSD ahp do vhrdgus Y YgER gERK K jgbkj rhtk skekjtdgo sjkohrdgs. 8.Kvheuhtks t`k vgdjk skrvdjk jgotdoudty jgo tdoudty hob `hobgvkr pkrigrlhojk ggii kZ^YJJ ht wkhf jgvkrhak gi ERK oktwgrf  @uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 2

 

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo Dotrgbujtdgo  

Rkst jhsk igr Zdoaek-Zdtk Zdoaek-Zdtk Ykrdidjhtdgo Ykrdidjhtdgo  hlk

Zthtdgohry YgERK Ygdjk Jhee Rkst

  rpgsk

Ykrdiy kdt`kr LG—s gr LR—s YgERK YgERK vgdjk jhee skrvdjk ds hvhdehnek do kh j` jkee gi t`k thrakt sdtk.  > YgE YgERK RK tkrldohes

prkjgobdtdgos

8 ／ Jgookjt t`k > tkrldohes tg t`k ehptgp prgpkrey hob jgoidaurk t`k Srgnk jgrrkjtey. Ztkps

> ／ Sgwkr go t`k tkrldohes hob lhfk surk t`k tkrldohes `hvk htthj`kb tg KSJ hob rkadstkrkb tg DLZ. : ／ Lhfk vgdjk jhees irgl tkrldohe H tg tkrldohe N igr ; tdlks, t`k jhee burhtdgo hob ahppdoa ds 83s.

Kxpkjtkb rksuet

YgERK vgdjk jhee sktup sujjkss rhtk rkhj` tg 833%

 hlk

Zthtdgohry YgERK Ydbkg Jhee Rkst

  rpgsk

Ykrdiy kdt`kr LG—s gr LR—s YgERK vdbkg jhee skrvdjk ds hvhdehnek do khj` jkee gi t`k thrakt sdtk.

 rkjgobdtdgos

> YgERK tkrldohes 8 ／ Jgookjt tkrldohes tg t`k ehptgp prgpkrey hob jgoidaurk t`k Srgnk jgrrkjtey.

Ztkps

Kxpkjtkb rksuet

／ > Sgwkr go t`k tkrldohes hob lhfk surk t`k tkrldohes `hvk htthj`kb tg KSJ hob rkadstkrkb tg DLZ. : ／ Lhfk vdbkg jhees irgl tkrldohe H tg tkrldohe N igr ; tdlks, t`k jhee burhtdgo hob ahppdoa ds 83s. Gnskrvk di t`k vdbkg hob vgdjk ds lhtj`kb 8. YgERK vdbkg jhee sktup sujjkss rhtk rkhj` tg 833% >. Ydbkg quhedty ds pkrikjt wdt`gut mdttkr mdttkr,, nehjf sjrkko hob lgshdj

 Zdoaek-Zdtk

Ykrdidjhtdgo ^kpgrt

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

Zdoaek-Zdtk rdidjhtdgo ^kpgrt.xes

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak ;

 

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo Dotrgbujtdgo  Brdvk

Rkst Jhsk

R`k tkst rgutk s`gueb dojeubk hee fdobs gi surrguobdoa do hee t`k jkees tg nk tkstkb, dojeubdoa gvkrphssks, tuookes, `da`whys hob bkosk jdty strkkts, kspkjdheey, t`k pehjk do w`krk `hobgvkr jho nk trdaakrkb.  hlk Surpgsk Zjkohrdg

YgERK Ygdjk Jhee Jhsk do Brdvk Rkst  Hsskss t`k pkrigrlhojk gi t`k oktwgrf ny FSD gi ―YgE ―YgERK RK Ygdjk Jhee Zktup Zujjkss ^htk“, ―YgERK ―YgERK Jhee Zktup Bkehy“, ―kZ^YJJ @hobgvkr Zujjkss ^htk“ hob ―YgERK Jhee Brgp ^htk“ YgERK jgotdougus jgvkrhak sjkohrdg, kspkjdheey, YgERK ikhturk `hs kohnekb do jeustkrs gr w`gek oktwgrfs. 8. Akttdoa KSJ jgoidaurhtdgo hob sunsjrdnkrs rkhby igr YgERK tkst.. >. YgERK iuojtdgo ds kohnekb do tkst hrkh hob phrhlktkrs hrk jgrrkjt.

Srkjgobdtdgos

:. Akttdoa tkst tgges rkhby, hob ^Z^S, ZDO^, NEK^ … jho nk gnskrvkb. 2. > YgERK tkrldohes hob j`kjfdoa pgwkr suppey do t`k vk`djek. ;. Yk`djek spkkb ds edldtkb tg :3fl/` 9. Akttdoa kekjtrgodj lhp hob kOgbkN bhth rkhby. 8. Dodtdhtk t`k ERK Ydrtuhe [skr Rrhjdoa do kON, Dodtdhtk t`k Zdoaek [K trhjdoa do LLK hob sdaohedoa trhjdoa do LLK igr ngt` [skr H hob N.

Ztkps

>. Jgookjt t`k > tkrldohes tg t`k ehptgp prgpkrey hob jgoidaurk t`k Srgnk jgrrkjtey. :. Lhfk t`k YgERK jhee hutglhtdjheey wdt` 803s jhee burhtdgo hob 83s dotkrvhe.

Kxpkjtkb rksuet

8. YgERK skrvdjk ds ogrlhe wdt`gut jhee sktup ihdeurk hob , jhee brgp, hob `hobgvkr ihdeurk. ktj burdoa BR. >. R`k LGZ kvheuhtdgo ruos ogrlheey.

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 9

 

YgERK Rkst Dosthojk Rhfk t`k LGZ lkhsurklkot do brdvk tkst wdt` Srgnk+Lhtk1 igr kxhlpek=  

Lhtkrdhes

Lhtkrdhes

quhotdtdks

^klhrfs

Ehptgp

8

Ehptgp rkjgllkobkb= Dotke Jgrk d;, 2A ^HL, prkikjt nhttkry pkrigrlhojk, Qdobgws1 GZ gi :>ndts ogtk= 2 [ZN pgrts hrk rkqudrkb igr LGZ kvheuhtdgo, thfk h [ZN `hrngr do ehjf gi [ZN pgrts

Srgnk & Hssdsthot

8

Zgitwhrk rkqudrklkot= AKOKP Srgnk Y:33^382J33ZSJ833 gr hngvk AKOKP Hssdsthot Y:33^382J33ZSJ833 gr hngvk

SH Edjkosk Edjkos k

8

Lhtk1 hob brdvkr

>

Lhtk1 Edjkosk

>

LGZ ngx hob brdvkr ASZ ＀ N[-:;:Z2)

8 >

SGEXH Edjkosk

8

gt`kr

-

8. Igr RBB, Lhtk1 `hs nkko j`gsko ny JLJ JLJJ J igr YgERK YgERK tkst6 Igr IBB, S1 ds gut gi lhdotkohojk, Lhtk1 dsds hvhdehnek igr Ygtk tkst do t`kgry6 >. dS`gok9/peus hob Zglk gi Zulshoa tkrldohes hrk hb hbhptkb hptkb wdt` SH SH vkrsdgo Y:^8; w`dj` wd wdee ee rkekhskb do Muey Muey,, >38;. :. Zkttd Zkttdoa oa t`k tkrldohe tkrldohe tg N Nhegoa hegoa lgbk(bknua) lgbk(bknua) 2. Dosthe Dostheedoa edoa t`k [K brd brdvkr vkr hob prkphrd prkphrdoa oa > [ZN jhneks igr khj` tkr tkrldohe ldohe igr tkst tkst.. 8. Akttdoa Akttdoa Ed Edjkosk jkosk rkhb rkhbyy igr phrtdjuehr phrtdjuehr tk tkrldoh rldohes. es. >. @dsdedjgo @dsdedjgo j` j`dps dps H Hakot= akot= @ @[HW1 [HW1.>.> .>.> gr hngvk hngvk 8. Dojeubdoa LH LHT TH 22 [ZN hob hubdg jhrb do t`k ngx, wd wdt` t` 8 [ZN jhne jhnekk & > hubdg jhneks. >. Daogrd Daogrdoa oa t`ds lhtkrdhe lhtkrdhess do jhsk gi og LGZ hss hssksslko ksslkott rkqudrklkot. rkqudrklkot. 8 igr Srgnk, 8 igr ohvdahtdgo(rkjgllkob) 8. Edjko Edjkosk sk igr SGEXH heagrdt` heagrdt`l(t`k l(t`k okwk okwkst st LGZ hssksslko hssksslkott heagrdt`l) heagrdt`l) >. Daogrdoa t`k eedjkosk djkosk do jhsk gi og LGZ hssksslkot rkqudrklkot.(Hubdg lhtkrdhes s`gueb nk nk prgvdbkb ny justglkr gr  prgmkjt tkj`odjhe tkhl) Kekjtrgodj lhp, hbhptkr, kekjtrdjdty nhof, Lhpdoig, tkst rgutk

 

vheuk ny Lhtk1 ds 3.8~3.> bkarkk egwkr t`ho sglk gt`kr tkrldohes buk tg t`k Ogtk sgitwhrkR`k nua,LGZ dt jgueb nklkhsurkb idx do t`k upjgldoa vkrsdgos. @[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 1

 

YgERK Rkst Dosthojk Nkigrk skttdoa gut igr LGZ tkst, Srk-bknuaadoa ds okjksshry tg kosurk kosurk t`k tkst kiikjt hj`dkvks pkrikjt.  

Bkvdjks jgookjtdgos

 prkphrhtdgo=

Jgookjtdgos wdt` LGZ ngx

ASZ

DO8 DO> DO:

G[R> G[R8

 R`k brdvkr `hs dostheekb jgrrkjtey igr tkrldohes hob LGZ  Hee

ngx

t`k edjkosk `hs nkko dlpgrtkb do jgrrkjtey. hob jgrrkjt6

 R`k jhnek jgookjtdgos ds tda`t  Hee t`k rkekvhot

bkvdjks ruo ogrlheey.

 Ogtk= R`k lhppdoa rkehtdgos gi p`ysdjhe tkrldohes tgwhrbs vdrtuhe [K LZ8

LZ>

jgoidaurkb do Srgnk s`gueb nk kxhjtey jgrrkjt, igr kxhlpek=  LZ8 ds LG wgrfdoa hs, LZ>

ds LR wgrfdoa hs rkjgrbkr 

 Tgu jho `khrb t`k vgdjk di egubspkhfkr turokb go burdoa t`k

tkst.

Shak 0

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

 

YgERK Rkst Dosthojk Nkigrk skttdoa gut igr LGZ tkst, Srk-bknuaadoa ds okjksshry tg kosurk kosurk t`k tkst kiikjt hj`dkvks pkrikjt.  

Rkst Rk st Se Seho ho ＀ Sr Srgn gnk k＄

 Jgoidaurk

t`k tkst peho igr LZ8 goey, goey, fkkp t`k tkst peho klpty igr LZ> hob

LGZ Jhrb6  R`k

dtkl ―Zpkkj` Zhlpek Idek“ dobdjhtks dobdjhtks t`k pht` hob hubdg shlpek idek w`dj`

hbhptkb tg SKZX heagrdt`l ny bkihuet, t`k pht` ds j`hoakhnek igr SKZX heagrdt`l. 

Igr SGEHX heagrdt`l, t`k ―Zpkkj` Zhlpek Idek“ j`hoakb hjtdgos ds= rk rkpehjk pehjk t`k idek do t`k phrtdjuehr pht`, hob rkohlk dt wdt` t`k prkvdgus ohlk w`dj` ds jgoidaurkb do tkst peho.  Ogtk=

idek gi ―ohrrWufhstsW0..whv20333whv“ lust nk bkektkb do pht` gi

―../AKOKPWSrgnkUndoUZXKU“ do jhsk gi ―Zpkkj` Zhlpek Idek“ rkpehjkb, rkpehjkb, uoekss,  prgnk wgueb hewhys rkpgrt ho kxtrklk egw LGZ vheuk.  Sehy J`hooke

VG[R\= J`hooke igr pehydoa spkkj`, LGZ jhrb prgvdbk 2 G[R

^JH mhjfs(oulnkr8 tg 2), t`k vheuk s`gueb nk kqudvhekot tg t`k skqukojk skqukojk gi pgrt w`dj` ds rkekvhot tg LG.  ^kjgrb J`hooke

VDO\ ＝ J`hooke igr rkjgrbdoa spkkj`, LGZ jhrb prgvdbk 2

G[R ^JH mhjfs(oulnkr8 tg 2), t`k vheuk s`gueb nk kqudvhekot tg t`k skqukojk gi  pgrt w`dj` ds rkekvhot tg LR do jgotrhst. jgotrhst. Shak 4

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

 

YgERK Rkst Dosthojk Nkigrk skttdoa gut igr LGZ tkst, Srk-bknuaadoa ds okjksshry tg kosurk kosurk t`k tkst kiikjt hj`dkvks pkrikjt.  

Httkouhtdgo Hbmustlkot  Lhxdlul t`k vgeulk gi t`k tkrldohes.  Zkei hbhptdvk LGZ jgotrge jgo trge ds ogt hvhdehnek do

jurrkot SH vkrsdgo,

sg bkjrklkot lust nk hbmustkb lhouheey tg akt t`k lgst shtdsidkb LGZ vheuk, t`ds hjtdgo lust nk bgok nkigrk khj` Y YgE gERK RK LGZ brdvk tkst. R`k why tg hbmust

bkjrklkot ds= gpko t`k vdkw ―Ydkw-?LGZ-

?Ygdjk ?Ygdjk Jhee-?Zpkkj` Xuhedty Kvheuhtdgo“ do prgnk, gnskrvk t`k LGZ vheuk w`dek hbmustdoa t`k G[RS[R bkjrklkot ny brhwdoa t`k  nuttgo up hob bgwo uotde akt t`k lgst shtdsidkb LGZ vheuk. Fkkp t`k DOS[R hob LGODRG^ dothjt. ^khbmust G[RKS[R bkjrklkot do jhsk gi tkrldohe j`hoadoa

spkkj` shlpek idek rkpehjklkot.

Shak 83

gr

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 83

 

YgERK Rkst Dosthojk Nkigrk skttdoa gut igr LGZ tkst, Srk-bknuaadoa ds okjksshry tg kosurk kosurk t`k tkst kiikjt hj`dkvks pkrikjt.  

^ksuet gnskrvhojk

R`k vgdjk hssksslkot rksuet puneds`kb do vdkw gi prgnk= Ydkw?LGZ-?Ygdjk ?LGZ-?Y gdjk Jhee-?Zpkkj` Xuhedty Kvheuhtdgo

R`k sthtdstdjs gi LGZ vheuk do Hssdsthot=

Srgnk= t`k LGZ vheuk bdspehykb

do LG vdkw, w`dek SH prgvdbk prgvdbk LZ8 vdkw hs bkihuet, H rda`t jedjf go

LGZ vheuk vdkw jgueb pgp up gptdgohe lkou igr LZ8/LZ> vdkw j`hoadoa.  LGZ

jhejuehtk jyjek ds rkjgllkobkb tg 0~83s , t`ht—s lkho prgnk rkirks` LGZ vheuk igr : tdlks

burdoa h :3s ehstdoa jhee.

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 88

 

Srgnk Ega gi YgERK Ygdjk Jhee Rkst (Y:^82)  

ZDS Lksshaks Lksshaks burdoa h vgdjk jhee do Srgnk Srgnk ega

2 ZDS lksshaks hrk rksgevkb do LG burdoa h vgdjk jhee= DLZWZDSWG[RAGDO DLZWZDSWG[RAGDOA, A, DLZWZDSW^DOADOA, DLZWZDSWKZRHNEDZ@KB, DLZWZDSWG[RAGDOAWRK^LDOHRKB Do jgotrhst wdt` LG, 2 ZDS lksshaks hrk rksgevkb do LR, DLZWZDSWDOJGLDOA, DLZWZDSW^DOADOA, DLZWZDSWKZRHNEDZ@KB, DLZWZDSWG[RAGDOAWRK^L DOHRKB(tkrldohtk DOH RKB(tkrldohtk ny LG)

Fky Kvko Kvkott gi LR LG

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 8>

 

Ogtks 

LGZ vheuk ds kxtrklk egw, lgst gi t`kl ds ekss t`ho >, wk s`gueb j`kjf=

(8) Hjtdvhtk LR—s egubspkhfkr, di spkkj` shlpek vgdjk jho—t nk `khrb, j`kjf t`k jhnek jgookjtdgo nktwkko LG hob LGZ jhrb ds jgrrkjt gr ogt. (>) Lgbdiy ―Zhvk Hee ^ksuet Idek“ tg yks do tkst peho, hob prgnk wgueb rkjgrb burdoa t`k tkst, idob t`k rkjgrb idek hob jglphrk tg grdadohe spkkj` idek, di t`krk ds hoy gnvdgusey bdiikrkojk suj` hs ogdsk hob sdekojk, j`kjf t`k jhnek jgookjtdgo nktwkko LR hob LGZ jhrb. (:) ^klgvk t`k jhneks hob lhfk jhees nktwkko > tkst tkrldohes, hob j`kjf di hoy ogdsk jho nk bktkjtkb ny `khrdoa.   LGZ vheuk ds stdee kxtrklk egw hitkr jhnek jgookjtdgo jgoidrl jgoidrlkb kb hob ―spkkj` shlpek idek“ rkpehjkb, wk s`gueb j`kjf=

(8) J`kjf idek gi ―ohrrWufhstsW0..whv20333whv“ ds bkektkb do pht` gi ―../AKOKPWSrgnkUndoUZXKU“ do jhsk gi ―Zpkkj` Zhlpek Idek“ rkpehjkb. (>) Hbmust t`k G[RS[R bkjrklkot uotde akt t`k lgst shtdsidkb LGZ vheuk, fkkp DOS[R ahdo hob LGODRG^ bkjrklkot tg 3 w`dek hbmustdoa t`k G[RS[R bkjrklkot.  LGZ vheuk ieujtuhtk gnvdgusey=

J`kjf t`k mdttkr, bkehy, phjfkt egss rhtk do ―YgE ―YgERK RK Shrhlktkrs“ wdobgw.

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

 

Jgotkots 8

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo

>

YgERK Sehoodoa Rgges

:

YgERK Gptdldzhtdgo Rgges

2

Bgjulkots & Edofs

Shak 8:

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 82

 

^OB Dotrgbujtdgo ERK YgDS edof nubakt ds hvhdehnek do ^OB 

R`k YgE YgERK RK skrvdjk typk gptdgos dojeubdoa ―HL^-ON YgDS8>.>“, ―HL^-QN 8>.9;“ hob ―H L^- QN YgDS >:.0;“



R`k rkekvhot Ikhturks dojeubdoa= ―Zkalkothtdgo“, ―^g@J“ hob ―RRD Nuobedoa“

 Ogtks= ^khb t`k uskr lhouhe gi ^OB tg akt lgrk doigrlhtdgo.

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

Shak 8;

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

 

 -Okt Dotrgbujtdgo

Jgvkrhak

Jhphjdty

bdlkosdgodoa

bdlkosdgodoa

Nhsdj YgDS

∝

∝

RRD Nuobedoa

∝

∝

^g@J/Ogo-^g@J

∝

∝

Nhsdj YgDS

∝

∝

RRD Nuobedoa

∝

∝

^g@J/Ogo-^g@J

∝

∝

∝

∝

Y:^4J38 YgERK YgERK ikh turk bksjrdptdgo •

Do prkvdgus vkrsdgos gi [-Okt Y:^4J38, YgERK Jhp hjdty bdlkosdgodoa ds hvhdehnek, hob RRD nuobedoa ds s  Ohrrgw nhob

uppgrtkb, nut ^g@J ds uoj`hoakhnek(^g@J ds kohne kb ny bkihuet), do t`k lkhotdlk, Jgvkrhak bdlkosdg Ygdjk skrvdjk •

odoa ds ogt hvhdehnek. Do Ykrsdgo gi [-Okt Y:^4J38, t`k iuojtdgo gi YgERK Jhphjdty bdlkosdgodoa ds gptdldzkb, hob t`k ^g@J g r Ogo-^g@J gptdgos ds hvhdehnek tg lhtj` t`k hjtuhe

Nrghb nhob

sjkohrdg nkttkr6 Jhejuehtk t`k jgvkrhak lgrk prkjds key ny gptdldzdoa t`k Jgvkrhak bdlkosdgodoa.

Ydbkg skrvdjk (^g@J/Ogo-^g@J)

 Ogtks= 8. R`k Zkrvdjk typk gptdgos dojeubdoa HL^-QN8>.9; hob HL^-QN>:.0; goey. >. ^khb t`k uskr lhouhe gi [-Okt tg akt lgrk doigrlhtdgo.

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

 

Jgotkots 8

YgERK Rkst Zgeutdgo

>

YgERK Sehoodoa Rgges

:

YgERK Gptdldzhtdgo Rgges

2

Bgjulkots & Edofs

Shak 89

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 81

 

GLZthr Dotrgbujtdgo ＀ Y;33^388 ＄ 

 

Shrhlktkr J`kjf

YGERK-rkehtkb YGE RK-rkehtkb jgoidaurhtdgo phrhlktkrs jho nk j`kjfkb. Zu j` phrhlktkrs hrk rkehtkb tg t`k kOgbkN-ekvke heagrdt`l swdt j`, jkee-ekvke heagrdt`l swdtj`, sthobhrb XJD jgoidaurhtdgos, do tkr-irkqukojy `hobgvkrs, dotkr-^HR `hobgvkrs, dotkr-^HR pged jy jgoidaurhtdgos, hob gt`krs.



 FSD

hoheysds

FSD hoheysds rkehtkb tg hjjkssdndedty hjjkssdndedty,, jhee brgps, `hobgvkrs, vg djk quhedty, hob rksgurjks ds suppgrtkb. 

ZunmkjtWGLZthr  ERKWIkhturkWSeho

J@^ Hoheysds

J@^ hoheysds rkehtkb tg hjjkssdndedty, jhee brgps, `hobgvkrs, hob vgdjk quhedty ds suppgrtkb. Srgnekls hrk bklhrjhtkb hob egjhtkb irgl t`k bdlkosdgos gi t`k oktwgrf, tgp o jkees, hob tgp o uskrs 

Z^YJJ Zdaohedoa Jglndohtdgo

Jglndok Z^YJJ ERK ERK vdrtuhe sdoaek-uskr sdaohedoa lksshaks hob A[ sdoaek-uskr sdaohedoa lksshaks. Akokrhtk t`k jhee rkjgrbs hob sdaohedoa prgjkss hitkr t`k jglndohtdgo, hob jgegr fky sdaohedoa lksshaks

@[HQKD RKJ@OGEGADKZ JG.

％

ERB.

@uhwkd Jgoidbkotdhe

Shak 80

 

Iueideelkot gi YgERK skrvdjks & ^ghblhp do Ohsthr hrkh

 Ohsthr Y9^88

 OSD  O/H (jgotrg e  pehok)

 

 Ohsthr Y9^82 Hndedty gi hssksslkot hob hoheysds igr YgERK= gERK= ±Hjjkss ihdeurk (KSZ nkhrkr XJD