Volnovich Abuso Sexual, Parte Legal

 

 Edusi skxuec kg ce hglegahe. Aefpi mk Egåchshs k Hgtkrvkgahñg - Jir`k \icgivhab (aifp.) Kmhtirhec Cufkg - Dukgis Ehrks ED[QI QKR[EC HGLEG]HC: HGLEG]HC: EQ^KA]IQ EQ^KA]IQ J[TÆMHAI ‑ CK@ECKQ. A[EGMI MKG[GAHET KQ ^TI]K@KT Mr. Jueg ^edci \her 

Hgtrimuaahñg Aig lkabe 5< mk iatudrk mk 588>, sk prifuc`ñ ce cky 412=8, fkmhegtk ce auec kc Kstemi er`kgthgi er`kgt hgi rethlhañ ce Aigvkgahñg sidrk cis Mkrkab Mkrkabis is mkc Ghõi (AMG). E perth perthrr mk 588=, mhabe Aigvkgahñg emquhrhñ reg`i aigsthtuahigec. ^ir kcci, kc Kstemi kstå idch`emi e tifer fkmhmes pe pere re chchfh fhte terrkgy kcsu supk pkrer rer kc fe fect reti i hg hgle legt gti-j i-juv uvkg kghcaigshmkre hc.. Ec rks rkspka pkati ti,, kc prhga pr hphi hi rka rkati r ks kstå tå kstedckahmi ertæauci 1 mk cectret Aigvkgahñg, quk prhfirmhec kchgahp hgtkrès mkctir ghõi kg ci quk eteõk e su pritkaahñg y aauhmemi. uhmemi. E sus vkz, kc er ertæauci tæauci 58 kstedckak: –Cis Kstemis ^ertks emipteråg times ces fkmhmes ck`hscethves, emfhghstrethves, siahecks y  kmuaethves epriphemes pere pritk`kr ec ghõi aigtre time lirfe mk vhickgahe, pkrjuhahi i edusi læshai i fkgtec, mksauhmi i treti gk`ch`kgtk, fecis tretis i kxpciteahñg, hgacuæmi kc edusi skxuec, fhkgtres kc ghõi sk kgaukgtrk deji ce austimhe mk sus pemrks, mk ug tutir i mk auecquhkr itre pkrsige quk ci tkg`e e su aer`i‖.

Kc ertæauci ertæauci 58. 58.4 4 prkv prkvè è kg su tkxti, tkxti, aifi fkmhmes fkmhmes mk pritka pritkaahñ ahñg g ec ghõi fec fectre tretem temi, i, –kc  kstedckahfhkgti mk priakmhfhkgtis klhaeaks aig kc idjkti mk pripirahigeck ce eshstkgahe gkakserhe tegti e su pkrsige aifi e quhkgks auhmeg mk èc‖. Mhabe girfe aigaukrme aig ce mkcc ert mk ertæa æauc uci i 18, 18, kg au aueg egti ti pr prkv kvè è ce  –emipah –emipahñg ñg mk times times ces fkmhme fkmhmes s epriphe epriphemes mes pere  prifivkr ce rkaupkreahñg læsahe y pshaicñ`hae y ce rkhgtk`reahñg siahec mk timi ghõi væathfe mk auecquhkr lirfe mk edusi‖ . Ci kxpuksti thkgk su priphi airrkceti aig ce hfpkrhise hfpkrhise gkakshmem

mk tkgmkr ec hgtkrès supkrhir mkc/e ghõi/e (ertæauci 1), e ci quk, justefkgtk, mkdkg epugter cis tretefhkgtis kspkaælhais lefhcherks. Kg kstk skgthmi, ces ckyks pritkaahigecks kg vhickgahe lefhcher sk aereatkrhzeg pir su rkaigiahfhkgti mk ce kspkahlhahmem mk ce pridckfåthae y ce hfpckfkgteahñg mk tretefhkgtis kspkahechzemis quk prkvèg. Kg cægkes `kgkrecks, ce rkspukste juræmhae be shmi mhskõeme aigshmkregmi ces mhlkrkgahes quk kg kste pridckfåthae feraeg cis espkatis rkprkshvis y segahigetirhis mk ce Cky, kg rkceahñg aig cis tutkcerks y cis pritkaahigecks. Aifi Ai fi ai aigsk gskau aukg kgah ahe e mk kst kste e gi girf rfet ethv hve, e, ce luga lugahñ hñg g mk ce Ju Just stha hahe he ks prh prhir irhthterh erhe e kg ce prkvkgahñg skaugmerhe y tkraherhe mkc fectreti hglegti-juvkghc, kg `kgkrec, y mkc edusi skxuec hgakstuisi, hgakst uisi, kg perthaucer. perthaucer. Qk sisthk sisthkgk gk hgacusi quk kc edirmejk y ce hgtkrvkgah hgtkrvkgahñg ñg kg cis aesis mk fectreti sñci ks uge iaeshñg eprivkabedck mkspuès mk ce eathveahñg mk ug fkaeghsfi  jumhahec. Hgtkrvkgahñg quk -aifi sk mkserriccerå fås emkcegtk- tkgmrå aereatkræsthaes mk efperi, mk tutkce y mk pritkaahñg mk ghõis, ghões y emicksakgtks væathfes. Ferai Ck`ec GH\KC GEAHIGEC Kc Añmh`i ^kgec kstedckak segahigks pere kc eutir mk bkabis aigsthtuthvis mk cis sudthpis mk edusi skxuec (mkchti mk edusi skxuec e`revemi, airrupahñg mk fkgirks). Mkchtis aigtre ce hgtk`rhmem skxuec  Kc 5= mk edrhc mk 5888, sk segahigñ ce Cky 4;>20 quk fimhlhañ kstruaturecfkgtk kc aepætuci rkcethvi e cis mkchtis skxuecks. skx uecks. Kc gukvi ertæauci 558 mkc Añmh`i ^kgec kstedckak: –Qkrå rkprhfhmi aig rkacushñg i prhshñg mk skhs e auetri eõis kc quk eduserk skxuecfkgtk mk  pkrsige mk ugi y itri skxi auegmi èste lukre fkgir mk trkak eõis i auegmi fkmherk vhickg vhi ckgahe, ahe, efkgeze, efkgeze, edusi edusi aieath aieathvi vi i hgt hgthfh hfhmet metirh irhi i mk uge rkceah rkceahñg ñg mk mkpkgmk mkpkgmkgah gahe, e, mk eutirhmem i mk pimkr, i eprivkabågmisk mk quk ce væathfe pir auecquhkr aeuse gi beye  pimhmi aigskgthr chdrkfkgtk ce eaahñg (edusi skxuec) Ce pkge skrå mk auetri e mhkz eõis mk rkacushñg i prhshñg auegmi kc edusi, pir su mureahñg i ahraugstegahes mk su rkechzeahñg, budhkrk aiglh`uremi ug sifkthfhkgti skxuec `revkfkgtk uctrejegtk pere ce væathfe (edusi skxuec aechlhaemi) Ce pkge pkge skrå skrå mk skhs skhs e quhg quhgak ak eõis eõis mk rk rkac acus ushñ hñg g i pr prhs hshñ hñg g au aueg egmi mi fkmh fkmheg egmi mi ce ces s ahraugstegahes mkc prhfkr pårreli budhkrk eaaksi aergec mk auecquhkr væe (vhiceahñg) Kg cis supukstis mk cis mis pårrelis egtkrhirks, ce pkge skrå mk iabi e vkhgtk eõis mk

^å`hge 5

 

rkacushñg i prhshñg sh (e`revegtks): e) Tksucterk Tksucterk ug `revk meõi meõi kg ce secum secum læshae læshae i fkgtec fkgtec mk ce ce væathfe væathfe d) Kc bkabi lukrk lukrk aifkthmi aifkthmi pir esakgmhkgtk, esakgmhkgtk, mksakgmhk mksakgmhkgtk, gtk, elhg elhg kg cægke rkate, rkate, bkrfegi, bkrfegi, tutir, auremir, fhghstri mk ec`úg aucti rkaigiahmi i gi, kgaer`emi mk ce kmuaeahñg i mk ce `uerme a) Kc bkab bkabi i lukr lukrk k ai aifk fkth thmi mi aigt aigtre re ug fkgi fkgirr mk mh mhka kahi hiab abi i eõis eõis,, epri eprivk vkab abeg egmi mi ce shtueahñg mk aigvhvkgahe prkkxhstkgtk aig kc fhsfi‖.

Kc eatuec ertæauci 54< mkc Añmh`i ^kgec mklhgk ce airrupa airrupahñg hñg mk fkgirks fkgirks  aifi ce eaahñg mk pr prif ifiv ivkr kr i leah leahchchte terr ce ai airru rrupa pahñ hñg g mk fk fkgi girk rkss mk mh mhkah kahia iabi bi eõ eõis, is, eu eugq gquk uk fk fkmh mherk erk kc aigskgthfhkg aigskgt hfhkgti ti mk ce væathfe. Ce pkge sk e`reve auegmi: e) ce væathfe væathfe lukre fkgir mk trkak eõis, d) fkmherk kg`eõi, vhickgahe, efkgeze, edusi mk eutirhmem, i auecquhkr itri fkmhi mk hgthfhmeahñg i aikrahñg, aifi tefdhèg sh kc eutir lukre esakgmhkgtk, añgyu`uk, bkrfegi, tutir i pkrsige aigvhvhkgtk i kgaer`eme mk su kmuaeahñg i `uerme. E su vkz, cis eatis airruptirks sig equkccis quk aeuseg ug meõi psæquhai kg ce væathfe y/i tirahfhkgti mk su skxuechmem fkmhegtk eatis mk aigtkghmi skxuec pkrvkrsis y/i kxakshvis y/i prkfeturis. Kg kstk pugti, rksucte hfpirtegtk skõecer uge arkkgahe krrñgke mk lrkaukgtk ahrauceahñg kg cis kquhpis mk secum, rklkrhme e ce   hgstegahe hgstegahe prhveme. Fuabes pkrsiges hgtk`regtks mk kstis kquhpis, ec tifer aigiahfhkgti mk uge e`rkshñg skxuec, aigshmkreg quk gi mkdkg rkpirterce e ces eutirhmemks jumhahecks kg ghg`úg aesi. Kg rkechmem, kc ertæauci 04 mkc Añmh`i ^kgec prkvè quk ces pkrsiges quk sig væathfes mk mkchtis skxuecks pukmkg ipter kgtrk hghaher y prisk`uhr prisk`u hr uge eaahñg arhfhgec arhfhgec i gi. Auegmi ces væath væathfes fes sig ghões, ghõis i emicks emicksakgtks, akgtks, ce rkspigsedhch rkspigs edhchmem mem mk tifer kste mkahshñg rkaek kg sus rkprkskgtegtks rkprkskgtegtks ck`eck ck`ecks, s, kg ce feyiræe mk cis aesis kc pemrk y ce femrk.  Ebire dhkg, auegmi: e) kc mkchti lukre aifkthmi prksufhdckfkgtk pir sus pemrks i rkprkskgtegtks ck`ecks, k hgacusi auegmi bey ec`úg thpi mk aifpchahmem pir pertk mk èstis? d) aifi aigskaukgahe mkc mkchti, rksucterk ce fukrtk mk ce væathfe? aifi aigskaukgahe mkc mkchti, ce væathfe rksucterk aig ckshigks `revæshfe, ksti ks, quk sk primuj primujkrk krk uge kglkrf kglkrfkmem kmem fkgtec i airpire airpirec,c, ahkrte i pridedc pridedckfkgtk kfkgtk hgauredc hgauredck, k, ce hguthchmem pkrfegkgtk pere kc tredeji, ce pèrmhme mk ug skgthmi, mk ug ñr`egi i fhkfdri, mk ce pecedre i mk ce aepeahmem mk kg`kgmrer i aigakdhr? m) kc mkchti thphlhaemi lukrk kc mk airrupahñg mk fkgirks, sk priakmkrå mk ilhahi? ks mkahr, kc mkchti mkje mk skr mk hgstegahe prhveme y rh`k ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher pir pertk mk cis prilkshigecks mk ce secum y/i mk cis lugahigerhis púdchais,  ye quk kc kstemi mk hgmklkgshñg mkc ghõi i ghõe væathfe justhlhae mhabe rksicuahñg. Qhg Qhg kfder kfder`i `i,, fås fås em emkc kceg egtk tk sk vkr vkrå å qu quk k ce gi girf rfet ethv hve e prhv prhvhchck` k`he he ce mk mkgug gugah ahe e eg egtk tk ci ciss ir`eghsfis jumhahecks pritkaahigecks y tutkcerks, quk dusaeråg y prhvhck`heråg kc efperi mk ce væathfe pir sidrk ce segahñg mkc vhathferhi. Ks hfpirtegtk egechzer -eúg kg ce ur`kgahe y kg ce kfkr`kgahekfkr`kg ahe- sh kc ghõi i ghõe væathfe sk kgaukgtre kgaukgtre kg uge shtueahñg mk rhks`i mkrhv mkrhveme eme mkc a)

edusi skxuec rkahdhmi y mk ce eathtum gi pritkaahigec k, hgacusi, edushve mk sus pri`kghtirks. Mk auecquhkr fegkre, memi quk gi airrkspigmk ec kquhpi mk secum hgme`er sh sk aifkthñ mkchti i gi, gh e què thpi pkgec airrkpsigmk, kg aesi mk mume ks aigvkghkgtk lirfucer ce mkgugahe. Kg sægtkshs: egtk ce fkre sispkabe mk quk kc ghõi i ce ghõe beg shmi væathfes mk edusi skxuec pir pertk mk sus pemrks i pkrsiges e aer`i, mkdk lirfucersk ce mkgugahe egtk ces hgsthtuahigks quk fås edeji sk mktecceg. CKXKQ ^TI\HGAHECKQ  Mksmk 5884, ce feyiræe mk ces privhgahes y ce ahumem mk Dukgis Ehrks beg mhatemi ckyks ciaecks mk pritkaahñg aigtre ce vhickgahe lefhcher. Kg `kgkrec, gi beg kstedckahmi rk`æfkgks rkprkshvis segahigetirhis (aifi sæ ci beak kc priaksi pkgec) shgi quk beg hgsteuremi ug sh shst stkf kfe e mk efpe efperi, ri, pritkaahñ pritkaahñg g y/i tutkce tutkce e ces væathfes mkc fectreti hglegti-juvkghc. Èstk dusae, kg prhfkr cu`er, kc aksk mk ce shtueahñg mk rhks`i y mk ce vhickgahe quk rkahdkg mhabes væathfes, væath fes, fkmhegt fkmhegtk k ce emipahñg mk fkmhm fkmhmes es ur`kgt ur`kgtks, ks, klhaeaks, privhsi privhsirhes rhes y futedc futedcks? ks? y kg sk`ugmi cu`er, kstedckak hgstegahes tkrepèuthaes pere ce rkbedhchteahñg mk ces væathfes, mkc `rupi lefhcher y mk ce pkrsige vhathferhe, e trevès mk ce rkathlhaeahñg mk sus aigmuates.

^å`hge 4

 

Aifi aereatkræsthae kstruaturec, kstes ckyks kstedckakg quk, kg mktkrfhgemes ahraugstegahes, ce mkgugahe e ce eutirhmem jumhahec thkgk aeråatkr idch`etirhi. Aigarktefkgtk, sk be hgacuhmi kg ce girfethve sidrk vhickgahe lefhcher ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher cis edusis skxuecks mk cis quk pukmeg skr væathfes ghõis, ghões y emicksakgtks, y mkfås pkrsiges kg shtueahigks mk ecte vucgkredhchmem (egahegis/es, mhsaepeahtemis/es y pkrsiges aig elkateahigks pshquhåtrhaes skvkres).  EAKTAE MK CE CE MKG[GAHE Aifi Aif i auks auksthñ thñg g prkv prkvhe, he, sistkg sistkgmrkf mrkfis is quk ce idc idch`e h`eahñ ahñg g mk mkg mkgugah ugaher er cis supuks supukstis tis mk fectreti e ce justhahe aigsthtuyk kg sæ ce aigarkahñg mk ce dukge prexhs prilkshigec mkc kquhpi mk secum. Kg kl klka kati ti,, ec,mh mhab abe e id idchch`ea `eahñg hñg,, ck ck`e `ecf cfkgt ks kste tetu tuæm æme e pir pirce gi girf rfet ethv hve e èthai-prilk mk mh mhlk lkrkg rkgtk tk irmkg irquk mkg (hgtkrgeahig (hgtk rgeahigec, geahigec y privhga privhgahec), hec), skkgtk vkk prkakm prkakmhme hme girfet girfethve hve èthai-prilkshigec shigec ksttedck ks edckak ak ce lh lhge gechchme mem m mk fkj kjir irer er,, rk rkau aupk pkre rerr y rkbe rkbedh dhcchter hter ce se secu cum m mkc pe peah ahkg kgttk. Kspkaælhaefkgtk, kg cis aesis mk edusi skxuec aigtre cis ghõis, pere pimkr aufpchr mhabi aifkthmi èthai ks gkakserhe ce hgtkrvkgahñg jumhahec e lhg mk pigkr aiti hgfkmheti ec edusi quk rkahdk kc ghõi, kg tegti sk pcegtke ug edirmejk seghterhi emkauemi e ce pridckfåthae. Kg skgthmi tèaghai, ce mkgugahe ks kc eati priaksec fkmhegtk kc auec sk me aigiahfhkgti e ce eutirhmem eutirh mem aifpkt aifpktkgtk, kgtk, pir ksarht ksarhti i i vkrdecf vkrdecfkgtk kgtk -shg gkaksh gkakshmem mem mk petriahgh petriahghi i juræmhai- mkc bkabi aigtrerhi e ce cky, pere quk equècce priakme e ce evkrh`ueahñg y ce pritkaahñg. Aufpck uge lugahñg pritkatire pritkatire y prkvkgt prkvkgthve: hve:  pritkatire lrkgtk ec pkch`ri i kc rhks`i eatuec kg quk sk kgaukgt kga ukgtre re ce pkrsig pkrsige e fkg fkgir ir mk kme kmem? m?  prkvkgthve pirquk mkdk kvhter kc eaekahfhkgti mk gukvis pkch`ris, pkch`ris, rhks`is i meõis kg equècce. equècce. Mk ebæ quk ces mkahshigks quk sk emiptkg e ci cer`i mkc tråfhtk mkdeg skr lckxhdcks y futedcks. Kc lugmefkgti mk ce mkgugahe pere kc kquhpi mk secum remhae kg ce rkceahñg lugmeahigec kxhstkgtk kgtrk kc ghõi, ce ghõe i kc/ce emicksakgtk fectretemi/e y kc fhsfi kquhpi. Kste rkceahñg pukmk skr tregshtirhe, iaeshigec i pkrfegkgtk. Qhg kfder`i, aig kc aufpchfhkgti lirfec mk ce cky gi deste pere idtkgkr ce lhgechmem pritkaahigec skõeceme, pirquk, pere quk ce mkgugahe ske klkathve, mkdkg sufersk cis mkfås rkaursis emkauemis e lhg mk quk ces væathfes y fectretemirks skeg mkdhmefkgtk eshsthmis/es. [g shstkfe ck`ec quk kxh`k ce mkgugahe shg `eregthzer ce aiipkreahñg y ce aiirmhgeahñg mk ces mhsthgtes mhsth gtes hgstegahes hgtkrvhghk hgtkrvhghkgtks gtks kg ce pridckfåtha pridckfåthae e mkc fect fectreti reti hglegt hglegti-juvk i-juvkghc ghc -shstkfe -shstkfe mk secum, mkpkgmkgahes siahecks y trhdugecks, aig pkrsigec aepeahtemi kg ce tkfåthae- sk qukme kstegaemi mkg su priphi lirfechsfi. Kg ce fkmhme mk ci pishdck, kc kquhpi mk secum mkdk tresakgmkr ce hgstegahe lirfec mk mkgugaher i prifivkr ce eaahñg ck`ec pritkatire mkc gõi, ce ghõe i kc emicksakgtk fectretemi/e, y pishdhchter kc edirmejk hgtkrhgsthtuahigec mkc skrvhahi mk  justhahe y cis ir`eghsfis mk secum, eairmk aig su ghvkc mk aifpckjhmem y kgtrkgefhkgti kg ce tkfåthae. Kg ec`ugis cu`erks, aig kc tregsaursi mkc thkfpi, sk beg ci`remi fexhfhzer kstretk`hes aifugks kg ces quk perthahpeg åfdhtis mk justhahe, kmuaeahñg y secum, hfpighkgmi fimkcis mk hgtkrvkgahñg kspkaælhais tkgmhkgtks e idtkgkr uge kvicuahñg pishthve mk cis aesis. Qk trete mk uge eaahñg aigjugte mk ces hgsthtuahigks, mksthgeme e auhmer i pritk`kr cis mkrkabis y cis hgtkrksks mk ug skr kskgahecfkgtk hgmklkgsi, auyis rkaursis y vecirks gkakserhis pere ci`rer su mkserricci hgtk`rec y pckgi beg shmi i sig vucgkremis. Kxhstk Kxh stkg, g, lrk lrkauk aukgtk gtkfkg fkgtk, tk, rkt rkthak hakgah gahes es kg mkg mkgugah ugaher er pir pert pertk k mk cis cis/es /es pril prilksh kshige igecks cks mk kstedckahfhkgtis púdchais, y ksti kstå vhgaucemi aig kc bisth`efhkgti juræmhai quk sulrkg fèmhaiss y fèmhaes (y aig feyir ègles fèmhai ègleshs, hs, kspkahech kspkahechmemks memks aifi ce ahru`æe, ahru`æe, ce egkstk egkstkshici` shici`æe, æe, ce idstktrhahe y ce treufetici`æe). Kg kstk skgthmi, cis prilkshigecks mk ce secum kgthkgmkg quk ksteråg fås rks`uermemis mk ce eaahñg ck`ec auegmi ifhteg mkgugaher. Ksti cis aigmuak, hgkvhtedckfkgtk, e gi rkahdhr mktkrfhgemis aesis mk edusi skxuec hglegthc, i e kaber fegi e uge veste `efe mk rkaursi pere kvhter ce mkgugahe, desemis kg uge aigakpahñg edsicute mkc skarkti prilkshigec quk gi cck`e e aifprkgmkr ce `revkmem mk ce pridckfåthae. Hgacusi ec`ugis/es prilkshigecks mk ce secum fkgtec, ec embkrhr e fimkcis i ferais tkñkrhais hgkspkaælhais sidrk ce pridckfåthae, aigshmkreg ce mkgugahe aifi uge trehahñg e ce priphe kckaahñg tkñrhae. ^ir itre pertk, ce rkechmem mkfukst mkfukstre re quk kg verhes ipirtu ipirtughmemks ghmemks,, ce mkahsh mkahshñg ñg mk mkgugah mkgugaher  er  ug aesi mk edus edusi i sk skxue xuecc hg hgaks akstu tuis isi i em emip ipte teme me pir kc kqu kquhp hpi i mk secu secum m i ug ugis is mk sus hgtk`regtksQhskdhkg pukmk vkrmkhfpkmhme pir ce mkahshñg aigtrerhi qukauksthigks tifk ug supkrhir   jkrårquhai. mkgtri ces hgsthtuahigks mk secumkg púdchae kxhstkg hgtkrges, ^å`hge 1

 

emfhghstrethves u ir`eghzethves, gkakserhes pere kc dukg lugahigefhkgti mk ces hgsthtuahigks, gi ks fkgis ahkrti quk mhabes auksthigks gi pukmkg prhirhzersk lrkgtk e ug hgtkrès teg prhfirmhec aifi kc mkc ghõi i ce ghõe væathfe. ]efpiai ks medck hgviaer idkmhkgahe mkdhme.  Egtk kc rkpriabk ck`ec, geme pukmk sistkgkr ce ifhshñg mk mkgugaher aiglirfk kc priphi sedkr y ahkgahe. Gi sk pimrå eck`er aifi mklkgse kc hgaufpchfhkgti mkc supkrhir jkrårquhai. Aig lirfuceahigks mhlkrkgtks, ces ckyks beste ebire segahigemes prkvèg ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher pir pertk mk prilkshigecks mk ce secum y lugahigerhis púdchais, kg rezñg mk su prilkshñg, auegmi ce/s væathfe/s mk ce vhickgahe lefhcher lukreg ghões, ghõis i emicksakgtks. Kg kc sh`uhkgtk auemri, sk fkgahigeg ces privhgahes quk beg segahigemi kste girfethve? sk hgmhae eshfhsfi egtk què hgsthtuahigks mkdk rkechzer ce mkgugahe kc kquhpi mk secum:

QH QH][ ][EA EAHÑ HÑG G MK CEQ CEQ ^TI\ ^T HGAH AHEQ EQ U[K U[LEFHCHET  K EÚG EÚG GI BE BEG G MHA] MHA]EM EMI I Q[ Q[Q Q CK CKXK XKQ Q MK  ^TI]KAAHÑG AIG]TE CEI\HG \HICKGAHE Ce lect lecte e mk ck ckyk ykss ks kspk pkaæ aælhlhae aess kg fe fetk tkrh rhe e mk fe fectctret reti i hg hgle legt gtii-ju juvk vkgh ghcc gi hfpi hfpish shdh dhchchte te ce hgtkrvkgahñg jumhahec pir pertk mkc kquhpi mk secum, ye quk ce girfethve kstedckahme kg kc ertæauci 58 mk ce AMG pkrfhtk aufpchr aig kc hfpkrethvi èthai-ck`ec quk sh`ghlhae ce pritkaahñg mk uge ghõe, ug ghõi i ug emicksakgtk kg shtueahñg mk rhks`i. Kg klkati, kc aeråatkr ipkrethvi quk sk ck be emjumhaemi e mhabe Aigvkgahñg pkrfhtk e quhkgks hgtk`reg ug kquhpi mk secum lirfechzer ce mkgugahe, fås eccå mk quk rksucteg epchaedcks itres girfes vh`kgtks ec rkspkati, aifi fkmhmes aeutkcerks mk pritkaahñg mk pkrsige pkr sige y fkm fkmhme hmess aeut aeutkce kcerks rks `kg `kgèrha èrhaes? es? girf girfeth ethves ves èst èstes es quk pukm pukmkg kg vkbh vkbhauch auchzer zer kc edirmejk juræmhai-ck`ec mk kstis aesis. ITH@KG MK CE IDCH@EAHÑG MK MKG[GAHET  Ce jurhsprumkgahe mk ce ahumem mk Dukgis Ehrks rklkrhme e ce epchaeahñg mk ce Cky 4==50 be skõecemi kg lirfe aigskgsueme quk desteg ce sispkabe mkc fectreti egtk ce kvhmkgahe psæquhae i læshae quk prkskgtk kc fetretemi y ce vkrishfhchtum mk ce mkgugahe, pere quk kc jukz pukme irmkger fkmhmes aeutkcerks. Kg aigskaukgahe, egtk ce sispkabe, y e perthr mk èste, geak ce idch`eahñg ck`ec mk mkgugaher pir pertk mkc kquhpi mk secum. Kg itris peæsks, sk uthchze aifi rkquhshti quk kc mkgugahegtk skpe sidrk kc edusi mkc ghõi i ce ghõe y quk kc `remi mk akrtkze ske rezñg pere arkkr i aeuse rezigedck pere arkkr i sispka sis pkabe berr. Ces Ces pk pkrsi rsiges ges idch`em idch`emes es e mk mkgu guga gahe herr gi hg hgvks vksthth`e `eg g kc bkabi bkabi,, sh shgi gi qu quk k ci sispka sis pkabe beg g re rezi ziged gedck ckfk fkgt gtk? k? ce hg hgvk vkst sth` h`eah eahñg ñg ea eakra krae e mk sh ug gh ghõi õi,, uge gh ghõe õe i ug ug/e /e emicksakgtk sulrhñ edusi skxuec pir pertk mk ec`úg fhkfdri mk su `rupi lefhcher ks kxacushve etrhduahñg mk ce justhahe. CE HF^IT]EGAHE HF^IT]EGAHE MK MKG[GAHET X CEQ AIGQKA[KGAHEQ MK Q[ IFHQHÑG  e) Getureckze. Fuabes vkaks sukck pkgsersk quk beakr ce mkgugahe lrkgtk e shtueahigks mk sispkabe i prksugahñg mkc edusi skxuec hgtrelefhcher pukmk eaerrker aifpchaeahigks ck`ecks pere kc mkgugahegtk y/i ce hgsthtuahñg. ^ir kc aigtrerhi, ce ifhshñg mk mkgugaher aigsthtuyk ug eati mk fece prexhs prilkshigec, kg auegti kxhstk uge gk`ch`kgahe, uge hfpkrhahe y/i uge hg hgid idsk skrv rvega egahe he mk cis cis mkdkr mkdkrks ks e ae aer` r`i i mkc/ mkc/e e idch idch`e `emi/ mi/e, e, qu quk k pukm pukmkg kg `kgkr `kgkrer er,, kg ai aiggaeusechmem aig ce aigmuate edusemire, ug meõi quk ve mksmk uge ckshñg læshae beste ce fukrtk mk ce væathfe, pesegmi pir time ce `efe mk meõis kfiahigecks.

d) Tkspigsedhch Tkspigsedhchmem mem ahvhc. ahvhc. Kc hgaufpchfhkgti mk ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher ks ug hcæahti ahvhc (ertæauci 5>0= Añmh`i Ahvhc) y pukmk `kgkrer kg ce pkrsige quk gi rkechze ce mkgugahe, ske i gi kfpckemi i lugahigerhi púdchai (ertæauci 5554 Añmh`i Ahvhc), ce aer`e mk rkperer kc pkrjuhahi quk sulre ce væathfe (ertæaucis 5>00, 5>02 y 55>8 Añmh`i Ahvhc) y mk time pkrsige quk pir kcce sk budhksk vhsti elkateme (ertæaucis 5>02 y 5>2> Añmh`i Ahvhc). Mhabe rkspigsedhchmem ks sichmerhe, ks mkahr, ecaegze tefdhèg e quhkgks budhkskg hfpkmhmi kc aufpchfhkgti mk ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher. Qh sk trete mk lecte mk mkgugahe mkc idch`emi kg rkceahñg mk mkpkg mk pkgmkg mkgah ahe, e, sk ep epchchae ae ce girf girfe e mk rk rksp spigs igsed edhchchm hmem em rklc rklckj kje e mk ce hg hgst sthr hruah uahñg ñg e ce qu quk k pkrtkgkak kc idch`emi (ertæauci 55 5551 51 Añmh`i Ahvhc). Ce if ifhs hshñ hñg g mk kl klkat katuer uer ce mkgu mkgugah gahe e kg kgaue auemre mre kc ea eaah ahig iger er ai aifi fi idr idrer er gk gk`c `ch` h`kgt kgtk, k, ai aig g hfpkrhahe y aig hgidskrvegahe mk ce girfethve èthae y ck`ec e su aer`i.  Egtk auecquhkr ai-rkspigsedhchmem quk prktkgme emjumhaårskck e ce væathfe y/i su rkprkskgtegtk ck`ec, kg lirfe titec i perahec, mkdk tkgkrsk kg aigshmkreahñg ce eshfktræe mk ce prilkshigec-peahkgtk. Kg aifi Oreut (5885) kg aigakptis epchaedcks yrkceahñg tefd tefdhè hèg g e it itri riss pr pril ilksh kshig igec ecks ksklkati, hg hgtk tk`re `regt gtks kssisthkgk mk mkcc kq kquh uhpi pi mk se secu cum: m: –Kc –Kc prid pridck ckfe fe mk ce rkspigsedhchmem mkc pshquhetre mkspugte auegmi sk iaeshige ug meõi e ce secum mkc peahkgtk ^å`hge =

 

pir hgaufpchfhkgti mkc vægauci idch`eahigec prkkxhstkgtk i pir hglreaahñg mkc mkdkr `kgkrec mk prumkgahe prumkga he y mhch mhch`kgahe `kgahe?? kc tkfe ks ksphgisi y rize espkatis gkuråc` gkuråc`hais. hais. Kc pshquhetre ks ug pr pril ilks kshi hige gecc levir levirkah kahmi mi pir ug uge e eu eurk rkic ice e pe pert rtha hauc ucer er,, y ec quk sk es esh` h`ge ge ug uge e eu euti tirh rhme mem m prhvhck`heme. Qu lh`ure rkspcegmkak aifi ce mk ug aiglksir petkrgec egtk kc peahkgtk. Èstk kspkre, aiglæe, mkck`e kg dukge fkmhme sus priphes mkahshigks, y pir ci aifúg, rkahdk ce rkspukste emkaueme e sus kspkregzes‖. Fås rkahkgtkfkgtk, sk be sistkghmi: –Kc lkgñfkgi mk ce tregslkrkgahe egecæthae, quk ks kc fètimi mk tredeji uthchzemi pir kc tkrepkute k hfpchae ce arkeahñg mk uge rkceahñg mk mkpkgmkgahe kfiahigec k hmkechzeahñg mk ce lh`ure mkc prilkshigec. ]ec perthaucer ahraugstegahe sk rkceahige aig ce mksh`uecmem mksmk kc pugti mk vhste mkc aigiahfhkgti ahkgtælhai kgtrk kc peahkgtk y kc prilkshigec, mktkrfhgegmi uge kspkahec rkceahñg mk pimkr sidrk kc kglkrfi‖ (A.G.Ahv., Qece E, AF.@. a/F.A.A.E. s/meõis y pkrjuhahis, 54/54/4>>1) (A.G.Ahv., Aigairmegtkfkgtk aig kcci, kc Añmh`i mk Èthae mk ce Lkmkreahñg mk Aick`his mk ^shañci`is mk ce Tkp Tkpúdc údchae hae Er`kgth Er`kgthge ge kst kstedc edckak kak kg kc ert ertæau æauci ci 1.5 1.5.5: .5: –Cis pshañc pshañci`is i`is mkdkrå mkdkråg g skr  aigsahkgtks mk ce pishahñg eshfètrhae quk iaupeg lrkgtk e sus aigsuctegtks, y gi pimråg beakr usi mk su hglcukgahe fås quk aig lhgks dkgèlhais pere èstis‖. ^ir itre pertk, ce iphghñg mk cis eutirks fås aepeahtemis kg ce tkfåthae mkgtri mk ce pshaici`æe skõece ce hfpirtegahe mk ce mkgugahe y emvhkrtk sidrk ce `revkmem mk ce aigmuate mk ifhshñg mk mkgugahes. [ge mk ces kxpkrtes fås cúahmes cúahmes kg gukstri fkmhi, fkmhi, ce chakgaheme Ec Echahe hahe @egmu`che, @egmu`che, sistkgæe ye kg 5882: –Auegmi ug prilkshigec be aigacuæmi aig lumefkgti sulhahkgtk quk ug ghõi be shmi puksti kg rhks`i pir quhkgks mkdkræeg bedkrsk kgaer`emi mk su auhmemi, sk`úg gukstris añmh`is, mkdk mhrh`hrsk ec esksir mk fkgirks, sichahtegmi quk sk ci pritkje pere, kgtrk itres aises, pimkr klkathvhzer ces hgtkrvkgahigks tkrepèuthaes. Èstk y gi itri ks kc mkgugah ugahe. e. Aifi kc edusi skxuec mk ghõis ks, emkfås, ug mkchti idjkth idj kthvi vi kskgahec kskgahec mk ce mkg segahigemi pkgecfkgtk, fuabis prilkshigecks sk ipigkg e ce mkgugahe pir aigshmkrerce uge fkmhme pughthve, titecfkgtk hgaigmuakgtk pere ce rkbedhchteahñg mkc edusemir. ^eremñjhaefkgtk, sukckg skr cis fhsfis prilkshigecks quhkgks emvhkrtkg, mksmk kc skgthmi aifúg, quk gemhk pukmk krh`hrsk kg jukz aifi pere kgvher e prhshñg e gemhk. Ks kvhmkgtk, kgtigaks, quk quhkg gi mkgugahe aig kstk er`ufkgti kstå kg ce pishahñg mkc jukz quk mkahmk gi kgvher e prhshñg, eaahñg quk, pir itre pertk, gi kstå kgtrk ces pishdhchmemks mk ghg`úg prilkshigec mk ce secum. Ce aiglushñg kgtrk kc aigtkxti tkrepèuthai y kc mk ce segahñg kstå equæ kg juk`i y vhkgk sistkghme mksmk, pir ci fkgis, mis lrkgtks: 5) ce rkthakgahe mk ce hgsthtuahñg pere per e epk epkcer cer e ce justhahe justhahe,, quk mkj mkje e ec prilkshi prilkshigec gec shg pimkr rkaur rkaurrhr rhr e uge tkrakrhmem   quk kgferquk su terke. Egtk cis legtesfes mk cis juhahis, ces hgsthtuahigks mk secum sk qukjeg mk ce lecte mk epiyi ck`ec. ¹X ce Aigsthtuahñg Geahigec, ce Cky mk ^ritkaahñg aigtre ce \hickgahe Lefhcher y kc Añmh`i ^kgec, fås cis añmh`is mk èthae mk aeme prilkshñg9....‖ Aigairmegtkfkgtk, skõece Figzñg (5882): –]efdhèg kg kc aesi mkc edusi skxuec ce arheture ks prhveme mk su aepeahmem mk mhskgthr i aigskgthr. K hgacusi, lrkaukgtkfkgtk, kc eati mk vhickgahe vhick gahe ks mksaechlhae mksaechlhaemi mi aifi tec pir kc vhathf vhathferhi, erhi, quk ck mhak ec ghõi: 'Ksti ci be`i pir tu priphi dhkg, gi tk pukmk mickr tegti, tk ve e `uster, fk priviaestk'. Ks esæ aifi, e ce mk mksf sfkg kgththme me ce us usem eme e pir pir ce ar arhe hetu ture re,, sk e` e`rk rk`e `eg fk gsej ejks ks pi pirr pe pert rtk k mk mkc c ilkg ilkgsi sir r qu quk aereatkrhzeg aifughaeahñg mkc midck vægauci. Qhgcefkgs lefhche i auecquhkr itre pkrsige egtk cek auec kc fkgir mkgugahe kc edusi gi ck arkkg i gi emvhkrtkg, pir itres skõecks, quk tec edusi kstå suakmhkgmi, e`rk`eg, aig su mksfkgthme, ug gukvi eati mk vhickgahe sidrk kc pshquhsfi mk ce arheture... kste aifpchahmem, gi aigsahkgtk sh sur`k mk ce mksfkgthme, privhkgk fuabes vkaks gi sñci mk cis tksth`is shgi tefdhèg mk cis prilkshigecks mk ce secum. Cis kjkfpcis edugmeg‖. Aihgahmkgtkfkgtk, ugi mk cis tkñrhais fås gitedcks kg kc pcegi hgtkrgeahigec sidrk ce tkfåthae mkc fectreti hglegthc, Jir`k Derumy (5882) sisthkgk: –E pkser mk cis aefdhis e ksk rkspkati, fuabis prilkshigecks gi beg eshfhcemi timevæe kc hfpkrethvi èthai mk hgtkrvkghr  pere pritk`kr e ug ghõi, ci quk ks uge idch`eahñg supkrhir e auecquhkr vhshñg mk ce siahkmem‖. Kc kjkrahahi acæghai mk ce pshaici`æe aiglrigte, kg ce aithmhegkhmem mk su kjkrahahi, aig uge verhk ver hkme mem m mk idch` idch`ea eahi higks gks ju juræ ræmh mhae aess quk, quk, kg rk rkec echm hmem, em, sig prkak prkakmh mhmes mes pir pir gi girf rfet ethv hves es mkigticñ`haes kstedckahmes kg añmh`is mk èthae. Qk be si sist stmk mkgh ghmi mi (O (Ore reut ut,, 58 5885) 85):: –E –Eugq ugquk uk ce reah reahig igec echm hmem em ètha èthae, e, ce cess ai aigs gshm hmkr kreah eahig igks ks mkigticñ`haes, cesipkrethvhmem ipahigaks exhicñ`haes ces ksthfeahigks firecks kskgahecks githkgkg mksmk ci juræmhaigirfethve,yaiglh`ureg uge sukrtk mk ferai irhkgtethvi pere^å`hge ;

 

mkchgker peremh`fes mk aigmuate, ug kstågmerm pere ce vecireahñg mk ce aucpe prilkshigec‖ (ertæauci ;54 Añmh`i Ahvhc) Kc Añmh`i mk Èthae mk ce Esiaheahñg mk ^shañci`is mk ce Tkpúdchae Er`kgthge kstedckak kg su prkåfduci: ‖^riphaheg, pere kc skr bufegi y pere ce siahkmem kg quk kståg hgfkrsis y perthahpeg, ce vh`kgahe pckge mk cis mkrkabis bufegis, ce mklkgse mkc shstkfe mkfiaråthai, ce dú dúsqu squkme kme pkr pkrfe fegk gkgt gtk k mk ce chchdk dkrt rtem em,, ce ju just stha hahe he sia siahe hecc y ce mh mh`gh `ghme mem, m, ai aifi fi ve veci cirk rkss lugmefkgtecks quk sk tremuzaeg kg ug bifdrk y uge siahkmem prite`ighste, aræthae y sichmerhe. Kgthkgmkg dhkgkster psæquhai aifi ugi mk cis mkrkabis bufegis lugmefkgtecks y tredejeg sk`úg kc hmkec siahec mk prifivkrci timis pir h`uec, kg kc feyir ghvkc mk aechmem pishdck y aig kc sñci cæfhtk quk ce èthae y ce ahkgahe kstedckakg. Aifprkgmkg quk ks rkspigsedhchmem hgmhvhmuec mk aeme pshañci`i esphrer e ecaegzer èc fhsfi y prifivkr kg sus aick`es uge eathtum rkspigsedck, cúahme y aifprifkthme lrkgtk ec skr bufegi aigarkti y sus aigmhahigks‖. Kc fhsfi Añmh`i mk Èthae mk ce Esiaheahñg mk ^shañci`is mk ce privhgahe mk Dukgis Ehrks aigthgúe kg kc prkåfduci: –Qu idjkthvi prhgahpec ks irhkgter kc kjkrahahi prilkshigec mk cis ps psha hañc ñci`i i`iss et etkg kgmh mhkg kgmi mi e ce pr prit itkaa kaahñ hñg g mk ci ciss hg hgmh mhvh vhmu muis is y ci ciss `ru `rupis pis aig ci ciss au auec ecks ks tredejeg ... Cis pshañci`is rkspkteg y pritk`kg cis mkrkabis bufegis y ahvhcks, y gi perthahpeg kg lirfe mkchdkreme, gh aigshkgtkg, pråathaes mhsarhfhgetirhes‖.  E rkg`cñg sk`uhmi, kg auegti e cis  prhgahphis `kgkrecks sk egechze kc –Tkspkti pir cis mkrkabis y ce mh`ghmem mk ces pkrsiges‖ y sk kstedckak: –Kc pshañci`i kg kjkrahahi mk su prilkshñg embhkrk e ce mklhghahñg mk sus rkspigsedhchmemks, mkrkabis y mkdkrks, mk eaukrmi e cis prhgahphis kstedckahmis kg ec Mkacereahñg [ghvkrsec mk cis Mkrkabis Bufegis, eprideme kc 5> mk mhahkfdrk mk 58=2 pir ce Esefdcke @kgkrec mk ces Geahigks [ghmes‖. Fås emkcegtk, kg kc eaåphtk thtucemi –Tkspigsedhchmem siahec‖, kstedckak: –Cis pshañci`is sk prkiaupeg y tredejeg pere fhth`er ces aeuses mkc sulrhfhkgti bufegi. Kg sus eaahigks prilks pri lkshig higeck eckss ththkgkg kgkg kg auk aukgte gte cis mkrkabis mkrkabis mk sus pea peahkg hkgtks tks i ach achkgt kgtks, ks, kst kstumh umhegt egtks, ks, perthahpegt pertha hpegtks ks mk hgvkst hgvksth`eah h`eahñg ñg y itres pkrsiges elkatemes. Cis pshañci`is treteg mk kvhter kc fec usi mk su tredeji. Cis pshañci`is aufpckg aig ce Cky y prifukvkg kc mkserricci mk ckyks y mk picætahes siahecks quk, mksmk kc pugti mk vhste pshaicñ`hai, dkgklhaheg e ce aifughmem‖. Kg kc pugti 5.>;, mhabi Añmh`i rkze: –Cis pshañci`is quk sk mkmhaeg e ce kvecueahñg, tkrephe, miakgahe, hgvksth`eahñg, aigsuctiræe hgsthtuahigec, mhrkaahñg i aiirmhgeahñg, u itres eathvhmemks prilkshigecks, fegthkgkg ug rezigedck ghvkc mk eatuechzeahñg kg ce hglirfeahñg ahkgtælhae y prilkshigec prilks higec mk sus aefpis mk eathvhmem y rkechzeg rkechzeg kslukrzis pkrfegkgtks pkrfegkgtks pere fegtk fegtkgkr gkr ce aifpktkgahe kg sus årkes mk eaahñg‖. Kg kc pugti ;.>2, sk kstedckakg cis cæfhtks ec skarkti prilkshigec, quk sk prkvèg kg kc eaåphtk 2: –Auegmi sk trete mk kvhter ce aifhshñg mk ug mkchti i kvhter cis meõis mkrhvemis mkc fhsfi‖. Fåss aig Få aigtu tugm gmkg kgtk tk rk rksu suctcte e ce gi girf rfet ethv hve e prk prkvh vhst ste e kg kc Añ Añmh mh`i `i mk Ètha Èthae e mk mkcc Ai Aick ck`h `hi i mk ^shañci`is mk ce ^rivhgahe mk Dukgis Ehrks, kg kc ertæauci =: –Kc pshañci`i, kg kc kjkrahahi prilkshigec, sk `uherå pir cis prhgahphis mk rkspigsedhchmem, aifpktkgahe y bufeghsfi, prksahgmkgtk mk auecquhkr thpi mk mhsarhfhgeahigks‖. Kg tegt tegti, i, kc ert ertæa æauc uci i < prk prkvè vè:: –K –Kcc psh pshañ añci ci`i `i mk mkdkr dkrå å ed edst stkgk kgkrs rsk k mk pe pert rtha hahp hper er ea eaththve ve i pesh pe shve vefk fkgt gtk k kg aue auecq cquh uhkr kr eaahñ eaahñg g i kg lirf lirfe e mk tirt tirtur ure, e, tret tretis is aru arukc kcks ks,, hg hgbu bufe fegi giss i mk`re mk `reme megt gtks ks y timi timi ththpi pi mk ep eprkf rkfhi hi hchck`e k`ecc qu quk k etkg etkgtk tk ai aigt gtre re ci ciss mk mkrk rkabi abiss bu bufe fegi giss rkaigiahmis fugmhecfkgtk? hgahter e kcci, kgaudrhrcis i hgtkgter aifkgtercis‖.  Ec kstedckakr ces kxakpahigks ec skarkti prilkshigec, kc ertæauci 54, hgahsi d, mhak: –Ce hglirfeahñg efpereme pir kc skarkti prilkshigec sñci pimrå skr tregsfhthme pir kvhter ug `revk rhks`i ec quk pukme kster kxpukste ce pkrsige etkgmhme e tkrakris? kg timi aesi, sñci sk pimrå kgtrk`er ce hglirfeahñg e ces pkrsiges aechlhaemes quk, e juhahi mkc prilkshigec eatuegtk, eperkzae aifi kstrhatefkgtk gkakserhe pere kc aufpchr kc rklkrhmi idjkthvi‖. Lhgecfkgtk, kc ertæauci ertæauci =1 kstedckak: –ks rkspigsedhchmem hgbkrkgtk ec kjkrahahi mkc pshañci`i: e) Ce ea eatu tuech echze zeah ahñg ñg pk pkrh rhñm ñmha hae e y pk pkrf rfeg egkg kgtk tk mk sus aig aigia iahf hfhk hkgt gtis is aif aifi i `e `ereg regtæ tæe e mk rkspigsedhchmem k hmigkhmem quk aigtrhduye ec prksth`hi mk ce prilkshñg y e ce ipthfhzeahñg mkc skrvhahi quk drhgme _...V a) Ce supkrvhshñg mkc tredeji rkechzemi‖. Kg kc aesi, skræeg mk epchaeahñg ces girfes `kgkrecks quk rh`kg ce rkspigsedhchmem ahvhc, sh ce aigmuate pkrjuhahis aig ec elkatemi hfphmk ce pritkaahñg kc tretefhkgti pridckfe.ifhshve Fuabisaeuse prilkshigecks, ce sege khmke mk prkskrver cis yvægaucis, ifhtkgmkc ce ^å`hge <

 

mkgugahe pirquk mksaiglæeg mk ce eaahñg mk ce justhahe y phkgseg quk ce hgtkrvkgahñg mkc trhdugec pukmk priviaer ug feyir meõi ec gúacki lefhcher. E fkgumi, kc prilkshigec supigk, mk eaukrmi aig su mhe`gñsthai, quk pukmk aigtricer kc aesi y treterci shg gkakshmem mk beakr  kc skõecefhkgti. Kfpkri, sh kc mhe`gñsthai rksuctñ krremi y sk kxpusi ec ghõi e uge shtueahñg mk rh rhks ks`i `i qu quk k pkrf pkrfhththñ hñ kc fe fectctret reti, i, èc mk mkdk dk es esuf ufhr hr ci ciss rks rksuc ucte temis mis mk su kv kvec ecue ueah ahñg ñg hgemkaueme. Ks mkahr, gi be idremi aig ce mhch`kgahe y ce prkvhshñg gkakserhes pere kvhter ug meõi e ce pkrsige y rkspigmk pir ces aigskaukgahes hgfkmhetes y fkmhetes prkvhshdcks (@risfeg, 4>>4) ]efdhèg sk be skõecemi quk itre aigskaukgahe mk ce ifhshñg mk rkpirter ug aesi, auegmi kxhstk kxhst k ce idch` idch`eahñg eahñg mk beakrci, mkvhkgk kg ug supukst supuksti i mk fece prexhs -auegmi kcci eaerrke ug meõi kg kc peahkgtk-, pir hgaufpchfhkgti mkc prilkshigec mk cis mkdkrks e su aer`i. Kg kc supuksti mkc fectreti hglegthc, kste Kstemis [ghmis trevès mkckspkahlhai aesi –Cegmkris vs Lcimm‖, kg kc qukaigakpahñg ce Quprkfegeahñ AirtkkgmkcisAechlirghe, kg 580.>>> mñcerks, rkspigsedhchzågmici pir kc meõi akrkadrec quk sulrhkre ce ghõe pir cis pistkrhirks fecis tretis (^rhkti 5884) Aiga Ai gair irmeg megtk tkfk fkgt gtk, k, sk be si sist stkg kghm hmi: i: –K –Kg g ec ec`u `ugis gis ae aesis sis mk me meõi õiss mk mkrh rhvem vemis is mk ce cess rkceah rkc eahigk igkss lef lefhch hcherk erks, s, tkg tkgkfi kfiss quk gi shk shkfprk fprk sk kgaukg kgaukgtreg treg hgv hgvicu icuarem aremes es úghaef úghaefkgt kgtk k pkrsiges quk sk becceg ch`emes kgtrk sæ pir cezis i vægaucis lhchecks. Kg ec`ugis supukstis, gis kglrkgtefis e shtueahigks, bkabis i aigmuates kg cis quk hgtkrvhkgkg tkrakres pkrsiges quk ec`uges vkaks beg aigtrhduæmi i aiemyuvemi e ce primuaahñg mkc pkrjuhahi y, kg itris aesis, beg shmi cis mhrkatefkgtk rkspigsedcks mkc meõi. Esæ mkdk eacerersk quk, auegmi sk bedce mk tkrakri sk kstå beahkgmi rklkrkgahe rklkrkgahe gi e uge pkrsige ejkge ec bkabi, shgi ejkge e ce rkceahñg lefhcher, y e su vkz, eutire mkc pkrjuhahi sulrhmi. ^ir ksi, kg kstk aesi, ksk tkrakri gi thkgk ce fhsfe hfpchaegahe quk kg cis mkfås aesis mkc mkrkabi mk meõis y quk kc tkrakri e quk sk beak rklkrkgahe kg gukstri Mkrkabi ^riaksec. Xkgmi e ec`ugis kjkfpcis quk pkrfhteg vhsuechzer fkjir cis aesis mk cis quk sk trete, pukmkg kgaigtrersk ces eaahigks aigtre quhkgks beg suprhfhmi hck`ecfkgtk ce hmkgthmem (ccefemis aifúgfkgtk epriphemirks), e cis hgvicuaremis kg uge rkceahñg kxtreferhtec mk hglhmkchmem, e quhkg sk ipusi ec fetrhfighi aig mkgugahe hglugmeme mk hfpkmhfkgti, e quhkgks sedkg mk ug bkabi mk vhickgahe lefhcher y gi ci mkgugaheg‖ (@egmicce 4>>5) Mkgtri mkc mkdkr mkc pshañci`i sk kgaukgtre kc mk eatuer aig time ce mhch`kgahe prilkshigec pishdck. Kcci hgacuyk fegtkgkrsk eatuechzemi kg kc aigiahfhkgti ahkgtælhai y prilkshigec e trevès mk ce aepeahteahñg y ce eatuechzeahñg aigthgue y pkrfegkgtk. Kvhter auecquhkr thpi mk tèaghae kspkaælhae rkcethve ec edusi skxuec hgl hglegthc, egthc, auksthigks sidrk ces auecks ce aifughmem ahkgtælhae hgtkrgeahigec thkgk ug mkserricci aigshmkredck aig ce lhgechmem mk gi tkgkr geme quk mkgugaher, aigsthtuyk, e ces aceres, ug eati mk hfpkrhahe y gk`ch`kgahe prilkshigec. Kg sægtkshs, ce kgahe, ifhshñg mkkrhahe mkgugaher aigsthtuyk ugrvegahe eatiahe mk mk fece prilkshigec kg auegti kxhstk kxh stkg g gk` gk`ch` ch`kga he, hfp hfpkrh ahe k hga hgacusi cusi hgidsk hgidskrveg cisprexhs mkdkrks mkdkrks e aer` aer`i i aue auegmi gmi `kgkreg -kg aig-aeusechmem aig ce aigmuate fectretemire y/i edusemire mk cis pri`kghtirks i auhmemirks mkc ghõi- ec`úg thpi mk meõi fkgsuredck pir kc skrvhahi mk justhahe.  E feyir edugmegahe, ce girfethve pkgec y ahvhc mkteccemefkgtk mksarhte sk kgaukgtre rklirzeme pir ces girfes mkc mkrkabi aifughterhi vh`kgtks. a) Qkarkti prilkshigec. Lrkgtk e shtueahigks ectefkgtk fivhchzegtks, y kg ec`uges iaeshigks aifpckjes, kc kquhpi mk secum pukmk tkgkr mumes eakrae mk ce mkgugahe y tefdhèg mkc ecaegak mkc skarkti prilkshigec. Mkgtri mk ce mhsaushñg mhsaushñg quk `hre ecrkmkm ecrkmkmir ir mk ce lugahñg quk kc shstkf shstkfe e jumhahec mkdkræe tkgkr  kg rkceahñg aig kc edusi skxuec hgtrelefhcher, ce pishahñg quk jkrerquhze kc ric tkrakrhzemir y   pritkatir mk ce cky kg rkceahñg r kceahñg aig ce væathfe rksucte ce fås epripheme ep ripheme kg ces shtueahigks mk rh rhks ks`i `i mk ce hgleg glegah ahe, e, kg aifpe aifperea reahñ hñg g ai aig g kc pi pici ci qu quk k prip pripigk igk se sechchme mess úg úgah ahef efkgt kgtk k

tkrepèuthai-aigahchemires, pir ug cemi, y kc kxtrkfi mk ce pkgechzeahñg arhfhgec, pir kc itri. Kc prkjuhahi prkjuhahi fec kgtkgm kgtkgmhmi hmi rkspka rkspkati ti mkc  pkch`ri mk jumhahechzer ce pidrkze   sk dese kg ug supuksti pimkr ifgæfimi mk ce tutkce mk cis jukaks, quhkgks tkgmkræeg råphmefkgtk e sk skpe perer rer e ci ciss gh ghõi õiss y e ce cess gh ghões ões pi pidr drks ks mk sus lefh lefhchches es pe pere re err errij ijer erci ciss ec fe fectctret reti i ^å`hge 0

 

hgsthtuahigec hgsthtuahi gec mk cis hgtkrg hgtkrgemis. emis.  Ec fhsfi thkfpi, tefdhèg kc prkjuhahi fec kgtkgmhmi mk gi mkgu mk guga gahe herr puk pukmk iauc iauctter cis pkch pkch`r `ris is gi fkgi fkgiss meõi meõisi siss mk ce  pshaici`hzeahñg y/i fkmhaechzeahñg mk uge pridckfåthae quk, pir sus aigskaukgahes y kthici`æe, be fistremi skr  dhi-pshai-siahec. ^ir itri cemi, aifi ye sk skõecñ, ces shtueahigks siahikaigñfhaes aræthaes quk eatúeg aifi leatirks mk rhks`i (pidrkze, beahgefhkgti, kta) lukrig pkrmhkgmi, aig kc evegak mk ces hgvksth`eahigks kg kc fectreti hglegti-juvkghc, kc pksi quk sk cks etrhduæe auegmi sk sistkgæe mk fegkre prkjuhahise quk tecks aesis sk medeg sñci kg acesks siahikaigñfhaes dejes. ]efpiai ce epkceahñg e ces aereatkræsthaes aucturecks (aifi sk beak aig lrkaukgahe kg cis aesis mk hgaksti) rksucte aig`rukgtk aig cis peråfktris quk mklhgkg ces mhsthgtes shtueahigks mk fectreti, gh aig ces hgvksth`eahigks sidrk ces mhsthgtes lirfes mk rk`uceahñg mk cis hgtkraefdhis skxuecks quk prkskgteg ces aifughmemks bufeges. Kg shtueahigks mk fectreti fectreti e hglegt hglegtks ks y emicksa emicksakgtks, kgtks, ce gkaksh gkakshmem mem mk kstes hgtkrvkga hgtkrvkgahigks higks prkvkgthves (aifi ks ce gkakshmem mk ce hgtkrrupahñg tkfpirerhe mkc vægauci aig kc pemrk i ce femrk mk rhks`i) sukck abiaer fuabes vkaks, gi sñci aig cis pugtis mk vhste mkrhvemis mk uge justhahe `eregthzemire quk mksaigiak ce mhgåfhae hgtrepsæquhae k hgtkrhgmhvhmuec mk ce rkceahñg væathfe-vhathferhi, shgi tefdhèg aig uge hmkici`æe petrheraec. Èste hmkechze ce lefhche y, kg ce dúsqukme mk ce pritkaahñg mk cis cezis lefhcherks e auecquhkr aisti, aigtrhduyk e ce tregsfhshñg `kgkreahigec mk cis vægaucis vhickgtis, su e`revefhkgti y ce eaifimeahñg e kccis (@egmu`che 4>>1) Lugmefkgtecfkgtk, kc skarkti prilkshigec epugte e pritk`kr e ce pkrsige e ce auec ce rkvkceahñg hgjusthlhaeme mkc idch`emi e `uermer skarkti pimræe aeuserck i ck aeuse ug meõi. Kg aigskaukgahe, aigskau kgahe, kc skarkti prilkshigec kg tèrfhgis mk edusi skxuec hglegthc pritk`k sñci ec  emucti edusemir? quhkg sk vkræe pkrjumhaemi egtk ce rkvkceahñg mk cis bkabis.

^ir kc aigtrerhi, ces væathfes, kg prhgahphi, gi pukmkg vkrsk pkrjumhaemes pir ce rkvkceahñg quk beak kc idch`emi e `uermer kc skarkti -rkhtkrefis kg tèrfhgis mk ce shtueahñg mk vhickgahe hgtrelefhcher-, shgi timi ci ipuksti. Mk kcci sk aigacuyk quk, kg cis aesis mk fectreti `revk i edusi skxuec hgtrelefhcher, kc skarkti kxhstk shkfprk sicefkgtk kg rkceahñg aig kc eutir i pkrpktremir? pkri, memi kc hgtkrès supkrhir y púdchai quk thkgmk e ce pritkaahñg pshailæshae mk ghõis y ghões, kc idch` idch`emi emi e `uermer skarkti skarkti sk vk rkckvemi mk mhabe idch` idch`eahñg. eahñg. Ks fås, sk vk idch`emi e rkpirter e ce justhahe kc aesi mkc auec kfkr`k uge shtueahñg mk rhks`i quk hgvicuark e ug ghõi i uge ghõe edusemi/e skxuecfkgtk.  E kste ecture, aedk skõecer quk, kg auegti times ces shtueahigks mk edusi skxuec hgtrelefhcher  sig mk ecti rhks`i, gi kxhstkg shtueahigks hgakstuises mk deji i fkmhegi rhks`i, ci auec gi mkdk aiglugmhrsk aig ce `revkmem mkc edusi kg sæ.

Kg sægtkshs, kc rkckvi mkc skarkti prilkshigec ks uge aigskau aigskaukgahe kgahe tåahte mk ce idch`eahñg idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher. m) Qegahigks. ^ukmkg skr mk aeråatkr pkgec, emfhghstrethvi i kstetuterhi prhvemi. Kstes mis úcthfes gi kxacuykg ce prhfkre. Mksmk kc mkrkabi pkgec, sh kc idch`emi hgaufpchkgtk ks lugahigerhi púdchai kg kjkrahahi mk sus lugahigks, mhabe aigmuate pukmk kgauemrersk kg ce lh`ure mk hgaufpchfhkgti mk cis mkdkrks mk lugahigerhi púdchai (ertæaucis 4=2 y/i 4=8 Añmh`i ^kgec). Esæ ci prkvè kxprksefkgtk ce girfethve tuaufege, quk ks ce úghae quk aigtkfpce ce tkfåthae (Cky 0 y 5>2 Añmh`i ^kgec) mkrkabi abi emfhgh emfhghstr streth ethvi, vi, sh cis hgaufpchkgtks pkrtkgkakg e ec`uge kslkre mk ce Mksm Mk smk k kc mkrk emfhghstreahñg púdchae, sk cks epchaeråg ces segahigks prkvhstes pere ce lecte u ifhshñg emfhghstrethve aifkthme: epkrahdhfhkgti, fucte, suspkgshñg, aksegtæe i kxigkreahñg. Kg kc åfdhti prhvemi, sk epchaeg ces girfes mhsahpchgerhes prkvhstes pere cis/ces hgtk`regtks mk cis rkspkathvis kstedckahfhkgtis. ^TI]KAAHÑG J[TÆMHAI ‑ CK@EC MKC MKG[GAHEG]K  Kg auegti e ce kxkgahñg mk rkspigsedhchmem pir kc eati mk mkgugaher, kc ertæauci 5>05 5¾ pertk mkc Añmh`i Ahvhc, kstedckak quk kc kjkrahahi rk`ucer mk ug mkrkabi priphi i kc aufpchfhkgti mk uge idch`eahñg ck`ec gi pukmkg aigsthtuhr, aifi hcæahti, ghg`úg eati.  E su vkz, kc ertæauci 1=, hgahsi =¾ mkc Añmh`i ^kgec, mhspigk quk gi ks pughdck kc quk idrerk kg aufpchfhkgti mk ug mkdkr i kg kc ck`æthfi kjkrahahi mk su mkrkabi, eutirhmem i aer`i. ^å`hge 2

 

Mk kcci rksucte quk quhkgks aufpckg aig ce idch`eahñg mk mkgugaher `izeg mk hgfughmem k hgmkfghmem ahvhc y pkgec, secvi cis supukstis mk fece lk. Ksti hfpchae quk ce mkgugahe gi `kgkre rkpriabedhchmem aucpise pere kc mkgugahegtk. ^ir kgmk, gi sk pimræe shquhkre hghaher  uge eaahñg rkserahtirhe mk meõis y pkrjuhahis eck`egmi, pir kjkfpci, krrir mhe`gñsthai i auecquhkr prktkgshñg sistkghme kg uge supukste hfpkrhahe, hfprumkgahe i gk`ch`kgahe. Qk mksaerte -pir rezigks idvhes- kc hgaufpchfhkgti mk cis mkdkrks e su aer`i. IDCH@EAHÑG MK MKG[GAHET CIQ Q[^[KQ]IQ MK FEC]TE]I HGLEG]I-J[\KGHC X  IDCH@EAHÑG MK MKG[GAHET CIQ MKCH]IQ MK EAAHÑG ^ÚDCHAE Itre auksthñg quk sur`k mkc egåchshs mkc mkrkabi vh`kgtk kstå vhgauceme aig ce idch`eahñg quk ck aedk ec kquhpi mk secum mk mkgugaher cis mkchtis mk eaahñg púdchae -aiglirfk ci prkvèg cis añmh`is mk priakmhfhkftis kg fetkrhe pkgec-, aig uge lhgechmem kfhgkgtkfkgtk rkprkshve y mhrh`hme beahe ce pksquhse mk mkchtis. ^ukmk suakmkr quk cis hgtk`regtks mkc kquhpi mk secum sk kgaukgtrkg vhrtuecfkgtk aig efdes idch`eahigks mk fimi shfuctågki. ^ir kjkfpci: ug ghõi ks cckvemi e uge `uermhe fèmhae aig kvhmkgtks sh`gis mk edusi skxuec, y sur`k mk ce egefgkshs ce aigtremhaahñg kgtrk cis sh`gis læshais quk prkskgte kc fkgir y kc rkceti quk beakg cis pemrks sidrk añfi sk primujkrig. Ksti `kgkre, pir ci fkgis, uge mume rezigedck kg kc kquhpi mk secum.  Egtk kste shtueahñg, y pir rezigks mk kaigifæe y akckrhmem priaksec, rksucte eaigskjedck lirfucer ce mkgugahe kg cis tèrfhgis mk sispkabe mk ug fkgir fectretemi pir hgtk`regtks mk su `rupi `rupi lefhch lefhcher er,, ye quk ci aigtrerhi sh`ghlhaeræe edrufer e ce pkrsige mkgugahegtk aig

idch`eahigks. Eshfhsfi, sh mis jukaks mhlkrkgtks hgtkrvhkgkg tutkcerfkgtk kg rkceahñg aig ug fhsf fhsfi i su supuk pukst sti i mk edusi edusi sk skxu xuec ec hga hgaks kstu tuisi isi,, pi pimræ mræeg eg aichs aichshi higer ger kg sus mka mkahs hshi higks gks.. Lhgecfkgtk, kc jukz aig aifpktkgahe kg esugtis mk lefhche, quk kgthkgmk kg cis supukstis mk edusi skxuec hgtrelefhcher, tkgmrå ce pishdhchmem -mk eaukrmi aig ces aereatkræsthaes mkc aesimk rkfhthr ces eatueahigks e ce justhahe pkgec. AIGAK^]I MK FKGIT  Kc Añmh`i Ahvhc kstedckak quk ce feyiræe mk kmem sk emquhkrk e cis 45 eõis? pir ci tegti, ces pkrsiges quk gi beg aufpchmi kse kmem sig juræmhaefkgtk fkgirks. ^ir itre pertk, ces pkrsiges quk aigtrekg fetrhfighi shkgmi feyirks mk kmem emquhkrkg pir  kstk eati ce feyiræe mk kmem, eugquk cuk`i sk mhvirahkg. Mkc fhsfi fimi, ce feyiræe mk kmem sk pukmk ecaegzer egthahpemefkgtk, perthr mk cis 52 eõis, auegmi ces pkrsiges sig kfegahpemes ahvhcfkgtk. Mhlkrkgtk ks ce shtueahñg mk cis fkgirks egtk ce cky pkgec. Kg klkati, ce ck`hsceahñg er`kgthge lhje kg cis 5< eõis mk kmem ce hfputedhchmem pkgec, puks e perthr mk ksk fifkgti prksufk mk fimi edsicuti ce kxhstkgahe mk ug mkskgvicvhfkhgti hgtkckatuec y vichthvi sulhahkgtk pere aifprkgmkr ce arhfhgechmem mkc eati y mhrh`hr ces priphes eaahigks. Aig rkspkati e cis fkjirks feyirks mk 5< eõis y fkgirks mk 52 eõis, kxhstk uge hfputedhchmem rkcethve, pir auegti cis kxhfk mk pkge auegmi aifktkg mkchtis mk eaahñg prhveme, i mk eaahñg púdchae rkprhfhmis aig pkge gi prhvethve mk chdkrtem, i prhvethve mk chdkrtem quk gi kxakme mk mis eõis. Lhgecfkgtk mkdk skõecersk quk, kg lutures rklirfes ck`hscethves, kstå prkvhsti mhsfhguhr ce kmem pere ecaegzer ce feyiræe e cis 52 eõis, tec aifi ci kstedckak kc ertæauci 5¾ mk ce Aigvkgahñg sidrk cis Mrkabis mkc Ghõi. Gi idstegtk, hgshsthfis, kg kc fifkgti mk ce rkmeaahñg mk kstk tredeji, ce feyiræe mk kmem sk emquhkrk e cis 45 eõis. EAKTAE MKC DEAOCEQB Qk`úg ce Hgtkrgethigec Qiahkty lir tbk ^rkvkgthig il Abhcm Edusk egm Gk`ckat (H^QAEG), úghae ir`egh ir` eghzeah zeahñg ñg fuc fucththmhsa mhsahpc hpchge hgerhe rhe mk aer aeråat åatkr kr hgtkrg hgtkrgeah eahige igec,c, arke arkeme me kg 580 5800 0 y mksthg mksthgeme eme e aicedirer aig pkrsiges k hgsthtuahigks mk timi kc fugmi quk tredejeg pere pritk`kr e ghõis y ghões mk time lirfe mk edusi y gk`ch`kgahe, iaurrk ug deaocesb auegmi uge pkrsige quk tredeje tredej e kg kc årke mk EQH ks pkrsk`uh pkrsk`uhme me jumhahecf jumhahecfkgtk, kgtk, arhtha arhthaeme eme kg cis fkmhis, fkmhis,e e aiseme pir  ug `rupi mk perh perhkgtks kgtks i eausem eauseme e mk fece lk mk auecqu auecquhkr hkr itre fegk fegkre, re, pir su eatuea eatueahñg, hñg, mkacereahigks i pudchaeahigks rkcethves e ce tkfåthae. Kg tèrfhgis `kgkrecks, sk me aig feyir lrkaukgahe kg rkceahñg aig ug aesi perthaucer. Kstk Ks tk lkgñf lkgñfkg kgi i ai aifk fkgz gzñ ñ e hg hgst stec ecer ersk sk kg gu guks kstr tri i peæ peæs, s, pe pert rtha hauc ucer erfk fkgt gtk k kg ce Ah Ahume umem m  Eutñgife mk Dukgis Ehrks, muregtk kc eõi 4>>5. Kcci treji aifi aigskaukgahe, kg kc fectreti fectr eti hglegthcmkkgghõis `kgkrec, y kg kspkahec, kg kc edusi hgakstuisi, hgakstu isi, ugmksudrk`h sudrk`hstri stri mk ces mkgugahes quk pemkakg kstk lkgñfkgi. Kgskxuec kc ]ecckr mk Justhahe cis –Liris mhsaushñg sidrk evegaks y idståaucis kg kc edirmejk mk ce vhickgahe aigtre ghõis, ghões y ^å`hge 8

 

emicksakgtks‖ mkc @idhkrgi mk Ahumem Etñgife mk Dukgis Ehrks (@ADE-4>>5) -quk aigtñ aig ce prkskgahe prkskgahe mk verhis jukaks mk lefhche-, lefhche-, sk aigacuyñ quk kc etequk e cis prilkshig prilkshigecks ecks kspkahechzemis kg ce tkfåthae, ce eutikxacushñg mkc skatir mk secum kg rkceahñg aig kc fectreti hgle glegthc y uge uge hgtkrpr prk kteahñg krrñ rñg gke mk ce gia giahñg mk  jumhahechzeahñg be beg g hg hglclcuæ uæmi mi pimkrisefkgtk -mksmk fkmhemis mk 4>>>- kg ce mhsfhguahñg edrupte mk ces mkgugahes pir  vhickgahe hgtrelefhcher. hgtrelefhcher. Qkfkjegtk shtueahñg justhlhañ ce prifuc`eahñg mk uge cky pir pertk mk ce ck`hsceture mk ce Ahumem Ahume m mk Dukgis Ehrks Ehrks tkgmhkgt tkgmhkgtk k e `eregt `eregthzer hzer quk ci evegzem evegzemi i kg kc aefpi mk ce vhickgahe lefhcher, y kspkahecfkgtk mkc fectreti hglegthc hgtrelefhcher, gi aichshigere aig cis klkatis mkc deao de aoce cesb sb vkrgåauci. Qk trete mk ce Cky mk ^ritkaahñg e ^rilkshigecks Mkgugahegtks mk Fectreti Hglegthc, eprideme pir feyiræe, ug hgstrufkgti girfethvi quk hgtkgte `eregthzer kc lugahigefhkgti mk cis skrvhahis mkc @idhkrgi mk ce Ahumem mk Dukgis Ehrks quk, e ci cer`i mk cis eõis mk mkfiareahe, sk lukrig elhegzegmi, pkri quk tefdhèg beg shmi idjkti mk pkrskauahñg pir pertk mk quhkgks searechzeg ce lefhche pir kgahfe mk auecquhkr itri vecir, aifi ce pritkaahñg klkathve mk sus fhkfdris, y pir mkcegtk mk auecquhkr ahraugstegahe perthaucer. Klkathvefkgtk, mksmk ce hgsteureahñg mkc deaocesb kg gukstri fkmhi, cis prilkshigecks quk tredejeg kg ce tkfåthae beg shmi eausemis mk fece prexhs pir bedkr lhrfemi hglirfks quk vechmeg ahkgtælhaefkgtk aesis mk edusi skxuec hgakstuisi i pir bedkr aufpchfkgtemi kc fegmeti fegmet i ck`ec mk mkgugaher mkgugaher kstk thpi mk aesis e ce justhahe. Kstis prilkshi prilkshigecks gecks beg sulrh sulrhmi mi timi tim i thpi thpi mk prk prkshi shigks gks,, efk efkgez gezes, es, aiea aieaahi ahigks gks y pkrs pkrskau kauahig ahigks? ks? kst kstis is bka bkabis bis gi sig ehscemis shgi uge rkspukste airpirethve quk evegze hmkicñ`haefkgtk sidrk ce tkfåthae rklkrhme, mk lirfe fuy rkeaahigerhe. Ks mkahr, cis etequks e cis prilkshigecks gi sig aesis ehscemis, shgi quk rkspigmkg e uge ice mk rkeaahñg quk arkahñ auegmi, e perthr mkc tredeji mk fuabis eõis, cis aesis mk EQH hgtrelefhcher sk kfpkzerig e beakr vhshdcks kg ces acesks siahecks fås ectes. Fkmhegtk ug rkahkgtk tredeji mksbhgvksth`eahñg (\her 4>>=) sk hgme`ñ aigarktefkgtk eakrae ces aigskaukga aigska ukgahes hes mkc deaoce dea ocesb kg cis ipkremirks mk cis skrvhahis mk secum mkgtri mkmk ce  jurhsmhaahñg mkc @idhkrgi mk ce Ahumem mk Dukgis Ehrks, y perthaucerfkgtk sk egechzñ ce hgahmkgahe quk kc lkgñfkgi rklkrhmi be tkghmi kg cis úcthfis eõis kg ce mktkaahñg, ce mkgugahe y ce vechmeahñg mk cis aesis mk fectreti hglegthc, y perthaucerfkgtk mk edusi skxuec hgakstuisi.  E trevès mk uge hgvksth`eahñg mk thpi kxpciretirhi auegthtethvi, sk tiferig => auksthigerhis mk thpi akrremi, mhstrhduhmis kgtrk kquhpis kspkahechzemis kg fectreti hglegthc pkrtkgkahkgtks e ce Qkarkteræe mk Qecum, e ce Mhrkaahñg @kgkrec mk ce Fujkr (efdes mkc @idhkrgi mk ce Ahumem mk Dukgis Ehrks) y ec Aigskji Geahigec mkc Fkgir y ce Lefhche. Mkgtri mk cis kquhpis mk Qecum mkc @ADE kxhstæeg mhsthgtis ghvkcks mk aifpckjhmem. Qk errhdñ kgtigaks, e ces sh`uhkgtks aigacushigks: 5) Kg ci rkcethvi e ce hgtk`reahñg hgtk`reahñg mk ce fukstre fukstre,, sur`k aig tite titecc acerhmem quk fås mk ce fhte fhtem m (;;%) mk cis prilkshigecks quk aiglirfeg cis kquhpis kspkahechzemis mk etkgahñg ec fectreti hglegthc sig chakgahemis kg pshaici`æe. Mk ec`uge fegkre, ksti pigk mk rkchkvk rkchkvk ce prkkfh prkkfhgkgahe gkgahe mk ug fimkci quk -ec h`uec quk kg cis hghahis mk ce etkgahñg mk ce pridckfåthae kg gukstri peæs- sk desñ kg ce hfpckfkgteahñg mk edirmejks pshaicñ`hais. Kc 44,;% mk cis hgtk`regtks sig chakgahemis kg skrvhahi siahec, ci quk perkak ksaesi kg aigshmkreahñg mk ce hfpirtegahe mk ce lugahñg mk cis tredejemirks siahecks kg ce tkfåthae. Lhgecfkgtk mkdk rksectersk quk epkges ug 54,;% sig fèmhais, ci auec rksucte gitirhi auegmi aue gmi ce aigakpt aigakptuec uechze hzeahñ ahñg g mkc lkg lkgñfk ñfkgi gi mkc fec fectre treti ti hglegt hglegthchc hgtrel hgtrelefh efhche cherr gea geahñ hñ y sk mkserriccñ mkgtri mkc aefpi mk ce fkmhahge. Kc gúfkri mk edi`emis (;%) tefdhèg rksucte ksaesi kg etkgahñg e cis rhdktks juræmhaick`ecks mk ce pridckfåthae. 4) Tkspkati mk ce kmem mk cis kgaukstemis kc =>% tkgæe kgtrk 15 y => eõis? kc rksti sk rkperthñ kg ces mkfås lregjes kterhes kg lirfe destegtk kquhchdreme. 1) Kg auegti ec skxi, kc 2;% mk ce fukstre kstuvi aifpuksti pir fujkrks, ci quk gi rksucte geme sirprkgmkgtk, kg cis mhlkrkgtks prkvkgahñg prhferhe, skaugmerhe y tkraherhe, sk emvhkrtk ye ugequk, prkkfhgkgahe gitedck ghvkcks mkc skximk lkfkghgi.

^å`hge 5>

 

=) Kg au aueg egti ti e ci ciss eõ eõis is mk kj kjkra kraha hahi hi pri prilk lksh shig igec ec,, ci ciss pira pirakgt kgtej ejks ks ks kstu tuvh vhkr krig ig de dest steg egtk tk kquhchdremis kgtrk ces ahgai lregjes kterhes? kxhstæe puks uge ckvk prkkfhgkgahe mkc `rupi mk beste ; eõis, aig ug 1>%. ;) Kg auegti e cis eõis mk tredeji kg eathvhmemks vhgaucemes ec fectreti hglegthc, sñci kc 54,;% supkrñ cis 55 eõis mk tredeji kg ce tkfåthae, ci quk rksucte cñ`hai sh sk thkgk kg aigshmkreahñg ce tixhahmem mk kste cedir? eugquk pir itri cemi, ug =0,;% sk udhañ kg kc sk`ugmi `rupi, ks mkahr, kgtrk < y 5> eõis >% aifi kspkrådefis. Ksti pukmk skr kgtkgmhmi aifi rkspukste mk ec`ugis kgaukstemis quk hgtk`reg kquhpis mk deji ghvkc mk aifpckjhmem mkgtri mk bisphtecks `kgkrecks, y pir ci tegti, su cedir prilkshigec sk rkfh rkfhttk e ace acesks sks pipucer pipucerks ks kg migmk gi kxhstk uge shstkfethzeahñg mkc etequk e cis prilkshigecks hgtkrvhghkgtks. Eug kg mhabe bhpñtkshs, kc mksaigiahfhkgti mkc tèrfhgi kg ug 5;% hfpchae acerefkgtk uge lecce kg ce eatuechzeahñg y kg ce aepeahteahñg pkrfegkgtk rkcethve e ce tkfåthae mkc fectreti hglegthc. 8) Kg auegti e ces aigskaukgahes mkc fectreti hglegthc, cis `uerhsfis aiglhrfeg aig acerhmem ce bhpñtkshs mk tredeji. e. Fås mk ug tkrahi mk cis kgaukstemis (10,;%) feghlkstñ bedkr rkahdhmi efkgezes mk su sulr lrhr hr ug me meõi õi lutu luturi ri pi pirr per pertk tk mk ug ilkg ilkgsi sirr, e` e`ru rupea peahi higks gks qu quk k gu guac acke keg g e ilkgsirks i egñghfis d. Fås mk ug tkrahi mk cis kgaukstemis (1;%) skõecñ bedkr sulrhmi hgthfhmeahñg pir  pertk mk ug ilkgsir, e`rupeahigks quk guackeg e ilkgsirks i egñghfis. a. [g 5;% skõecñ prkshñg pir pertk mk ug supkrhir jkrårquhai m. [g 50, ;% skõecñ bedkr shmi hgjurhemi pir pertk mk ug ilkgsir, e`rupeahigks quk guackeg e ilkgsirks i egñghfis. k. [g =;% rkahdhñ mksaechlhaeahñg pir pertk mk ug ilkgsir, e`rupeahigks quk guackeg e ilkgsirks i egñghfis. Kg auegti e cis etequks læshais, sñci ug ;% (4) mk cis kgaukstemis skõecñ bedkrcis rkahdhmi. Xe kg kc irmkg mk ces eaahigks cæahtes quk kfprkgmkg cis ilkgsirks, esksiremis kg `kgkrec, evecemis i mklkgmhmis pir e`rupeahigks quk cis guackeg: e. 5 mk aeme 5> kgaukstemis skõecñ bedkr shmi mkfegmemi pir meõis y pkrjuhahis. Kg tegti 4 mk aeme 5> lukrig mkgugahemis i qukrkccemis pkgecfkgtk. d. [g 5;% mk cis kgaukstemis luk suferhemi emfhghstrethvefkgtk, kg tegti ghg`ugi mk cis kgaukstemis rkahdhñ mkgugahe egtk ug trhdugec mk èthae prilkshigec. a. 58 kgaukstemis (=0,;%) skõecerig bedkr sulrhmi efkgeze, hgthfhmeahñg, hgjurhe, mksaechlhaeahñg, durce y/i etequk læshai mkgtri mkc åfdhti cedirec m. 0 (50,;%) ci pemkahkrig kg itris åfdhtis: 4 kg su mifhahchi perthaucer, 5 kg ce skmk mk itri tredeji, 5 kg aigsuctirhi i kstumhi perthaucer, 4 kg ce skmk mk ]rhdugecks y = kg aig`rks aig `rksis, is, jir jirgeme gemess y åfd åfdhti htiss ahkg ahkgtæl tælhai hais. s. Uuk Uukme me ace aceri ri quk bud budi i pkrs pkrsige igess quk sulrhkrig etequks kg fås mk ug cu`er. k. [g kgaukstemi skõecñ kg –Itris‖: –Fkmhis mk aifughaeahñg (remhi y tkckvhshñg)‖ 5>) Ce rkspukste e ce prk`ugte eakrae mk ces aigskaukgahes quk kcci iaeshigñ kg ce vhme y kg ce secum mk cis kgaukstemis y sus kgtirgis rksucte berti kciaukgtk y aiglhrfetirhe mk ce bhpñtkshs mk tredeji: e. Aesh ce fhtem (58) feghlkstñ bedkr pemkahmi pir kcci eg`usthe hfpirtegtk, kstrès y/i etequks mk påghai d. Kc 54,;% skõecñ bedkr sulrhmi kglkrfkmemks pshaisifåthaes, kg tegti kc 0,;% hgmhañ kglkrfkmemks mk thpi pshaisifåthai. a. Kc 4,;% pemkahñ kglkrfkmemks mkc epereti aermhirrksphretirhi

^å`hge 55

 

m. Kg auegti e ces aigskaukgahes kg kc aigtkxti cedirec, 5 mk aeme = kgaukstemis hgmh hgmhañ añ deje deje mkc mkc rk rkgm gmhf hfhk hkgt gti i ce cedi dire rec.c. Ks Ksk k fhsf fhsfi i pira pirakg kgte tejk jk hg hgmh mhañ añ quk quk pk pkgs gsñ ñ skrhefkgtk kg mkjer mk tredejer kg ce tkfåthae. [g 5;% skõecñ aifi aigskaukgahe ce fimhlhaeahñg gk`ethve kg su aigtreaahñg ec tredeji kg ce tkfåthae. Kg lhg, ug ;% hgmhañ mksp mk sphm hmi, i, tr tres esce cemi miss y/ y/i i ae aefd fdhi hiss mk ce cess ai aigm gmha hahi higk gkss mk tred tredej eji i pir pe pert rtk k mk su suss supkrhirks. k. Mksmk itris kgtirgis, ug 50,;% mk cis kgaukstemis hgmhañ elkateahñg gk`ethve mk su vhme lefhcher, fhkgtres ug gúfkri fkgir (5>%) skõecñ elkateahñg gk`ethve mk su vhme siahec. Kg ksk irmkg, ug 50,;% fimhlhañ sus fkmhmes mk sk`urhmem pkrsigec y lefhcher. l. [g 5>% mk cis kgaukstemis skõecñ klkatúe `estis mk mhgkri rkckvegtks pere kjkrahter kc mkrkabi mk mklkgse egtk eaahigks ck`ecks y/i emfhghstrethves? ci quk mkfukstre e ces aceres ce shtueahñg mk auesh hgmklkgshñg kg quk sk kgaukgtreg cis prilkshigecks pir pertk mk ces hgsthtuahigks e ces quk pkrtkgkakg, memes ce aerkgahe, ce hgsulhahkgahe y/i ce lecte mk hmigkhmem mk rkaursis bufegis e ce bire mk tkgkr quk kjkrahtersk mkdhmefkgtk ce ce mklkgse mk quhkgks rks`uermeg e ce hglegahe fectreteme Qñci 1 kgaukst kgaukstemis emis aigtrete aigtreterig rig ug sk`uri aifi aigskaukg aigskaukgahe ahe mk cis etequks. Ks mk supigkr quk kcci sk mkdk e quk cis prilkshigecks sk kgaukgtreg e k`uremis mksmk èpiaes egtkrhirks ec deaocesb vkrgåauci. Kg –Itris‖, –Itris‖, 4 kgaukstemis kgaukstemis skõeceg rkspuks rkspukstes tes peremñ peremñjhaef jhaefkgtk kgtk hgvkrses. [gi skõece aifi aigskaukgahe –eg`usthe/drigae‖, kg tegti quk, vechkgtkfkgtk, kc itri mhak: ‖Gi ck mh hfpirtegahe‖ 55) Ec egechzer kc klkati hgmhrkati mkc dea deaoce ocesb sb sidrk pkrsiges quk tredejeg kg kc årke mk fectctre fe reti ti hg hgle legt gthchc,, ju jugt gtef efkgt kgtk k ai aig g kc pr pril ilksh kshig igec ec qu quk k rkah rkahdh dhñ ñ ci ciss klkat klkatis is mh mhrka rkati tiss -sh -sh sk aigshmkreg cis klkatis vhaerhis mkc deaocesb-, cis pirakgtejks eufkgteg gitedckfkgtk.  Esæ, e fimi mk kjkfpci, 1 mk = kgaukstemis emvkrthmi eg`usthe hfpirtegtk, kstrès y/i etequks mk påghai kg ces pkrsiges quk tredejegbeg kg ce fhsfe årke mk fectreti hglegthc. Ks mkahr, mkahr, quhkgks idskrveg y sig tksth`is tksth`is mk ce elkateahñg elkateahñg mk ces væathfes væathfes mkc deaocesb y su su hgahmkgahe kg ce vhme prilkshigec, siahec y lefhcher, psihdckfkgtk vkeg tefdhèg elkateme, ec fkgis, su eathvhmem prilkshigec. ^irr væ ^i væe e mk bh bhpñ pñtk tksh shs, s, kc kcci ci pu pukmk kmk kx kxtk tkgm gmkrs krsk k hg hgac acusi usi eg egtk tk qu quhk hkgks gks pit pitkga kgahe hecf cfkg kgtk tk sk kgaukgtreg kgaukgt reg kg aigmha aigmhahigks higks mk hg`rks hg`rkser er kg ug kquhpi kspkahechze kspkahechzemi mi mk fectr fectreti eti hglegthc i cis quk, lirfethvefkgtk, ksteræeg kg aigmhahigks mk etkgmkr aesis mk kste pridckfåthae, pkri quk sk pukmkg vkr hgbhdhmis mk aifkgzer e tredejer ir`åghae i hglirfecfkgtk aig kstk skvkri sægmrifk dhi-pshai-siahec. Kg ksk irmkg, ce rkechmem hgmhae quk, mksmk beak ec`ugis eõis, cis prilkshigecks ye gi sk e`icpe e`i cpeg g pere hgt hgtk`re k`rerr cis kqu kquhpi hpiss ksp kspkah kahech echzem zemis is kg etk etkgah gahñg ñg e ghõis ghõis y emi emicksa cksakgt kgtks ks fectretemis, ci quk sæ eaigtkaæe beak ugis mhkz eõis etrås. 54) Qechkgmi mk cis klkatis mkc deaocesb kg ci ciss pril prilks kshhig igec ecks ks mk ci ciss kqu quhhpis pis hgtkrmhsahp hgtkrm hsahpchgerh chgerhis is kspkah kspkahechzem echzemis, is, egechz egechzerkfis erkfis ces aigska aigskaukgahe ukgahess mhrkat mhrkates es mkc lkgñf lkgñfkgi kgi e perthr mkc priaksi mk mks-hgvhshdhchzeahñg mk ce vhickgahe hgtrelefhcher y su aigskaukgahe kg ce rktreaahñg mk mkgugahes. Kcci, e perthr mk ce aigshmkreahñg mk cis prilkshigecks kgaukstemis. Ces kgaukstes fistrerig mhshmkgahe e ce bire mk skõecer ce hglcukgahe mkc deaocesb kg ce deje mk mkgugahes mk aesis mk fectreti hglegthc. Ce tkrakre pertk skõecñ quk ce hgahmkgahe kre ecte? itri tkrahi, quk hgahmæe kg pertk? kg tegti quk kc rksti hgmhañ gi sedkr. Qñci ug kgaukstemi e`rk`ñ mk puõi y cktre quk ces mkgugahes beg eufkgtemi.  Ec skõecer què itris leatirks pimræeg kster aigtrhduykgmi e ce deje mk mkgugahes: e. [g =>% ferañ ce pripukste mk mksjumhahechzeahñg efpche mk aesis mk fectreti hglegthc? d. [g 1;% eck`ñ gi sedkr. a. Kg tegti kc 5;% rkstegtk skõecñ kg –Itris‖: kc tkfir y kc rhks`i mk cis prilkshigecks, ce hgipkregahe y ce hgklhaeahe mk ce Justhahe kg kste pridckfåthae, ce aifpchahmem hgaigahkgtk kc ilkgsir, mk geturechzeahñg y gk`eahñg hgsthtuahigec quk sur`kg aig mk cis evegakscis mkfkaeghsfis ce aigakptuechzeahñg mkc tkfe, ce hgtkrvkgahñg mk ce ^å`hge 54

 

hgstegahe hgtkrfkmhe mk ces Mklkgsiræes mk cis Mkrkabis mkc Ghõi y Emicksakgtk mkc @ADE y ce mksaiglhegze mk cis mkgugahegtks kg kc shstkfe ck`ec. Kcci gis cckve e aigacuhr aigacuhr quk -ec fkgis, mksmk ce vhshñ vhshñg g mk cis kgaukstemis- kxhst kxhstæe, æe, kg kc fifkgti mk rkaickaahñg mk metis, uge deje mk mkgugahes mk cis aesis mk fectreti hglegthc, quk qu k gi sñci sñci sk mkdæ mkdæe e ec lkgñ lkgñfk fkgi gi kg egåc egåchs hshs hs sh shgi gi e itre itress aeus aeuses es aiga aigaur urrk rkgt gtks ks,, prhgahpecfk prhgah pecfkgtk gtk ce pripukste mk mksjumh mksjumhahechz ahechzeahñg eahñg efpche mk cis aesis mk fectr fectreti eti hgleg hglegthc thc y, kg fkgir fkmhme, kc auksthigefhkgti ec skrvhahi mk justhahe.

^TI^[KQ]E Aifi aigskaukgahe mk ci kxpuksti, pripigkfis susthtuhr kc tkxti mkc ertæauci 4¾ mk ce Cky 4==50, y sus airrkcethvis mk ces mkfås ckyks mk pritkaahñg aigtre ce vhickgahe lefhcher  vh`kgtks kg ces privhgahes er`kgthges, pir kc hgmhaemi e aigthgueahñg.

 ET]ÆA[CI 4¾. IDCH@EAHÑG MK MKG[GAHET 4.5. IDCH@EMIQ 

Auegmi cis mefghlhaemis lukskg fkgirks i hgaepeaks, egahegis i mhsaepeahtemis, cis bkabis mkdkråg  skr mkgugahemis pir sus rkprkskgtegtks rkprkskgtegtks ck`ecks y/i pir kc fhghstkrhi púdchai.  Mhabis mefghlhaemis pukmkg pigkr mhrkatefkgtk kg aigiahfhkgti mkc fhghstkrhi púdchai cis bkabis quk cis vhathfhzeg.  Kståg tefdhèg idch`emis e mkgugaher cis skrvhahis siahecks eshstkgahecks, mk secum, kmuaethvis, skeg  púdchais i prhvemis, timis cis prilkshigecks mk ce secum, cis kspkahechzemis kg ce tkfåthae y timi  lugahigerhi púdchai kg rezñg mk su cedir. cedir. 4.4.^CEZI

 Ce mkgugahe mkdk m kdk skr mkmuahme kg ug pcezi fåxhfi mk quhgak (5;) mæes airrhmis, aigtemis e perthr mk mk ce lkabe kg quk sk tifñ aigiahfhkgti mk ce shtueahñg mk vhickgahe. Qh budhksk mume, sk aigterå e perthr  mk ce lkabe mk ce prhfkre hgtkrvkgahñg.  Mhabi pcezi gi emfhtk prñrri`e gh kxakpahñg ec`uge, deji epkrahdhfhkgti epkrahdhfhkgti mk epchaer ces segahigks quk  sk prkvèg e aigthgueahñg. 4.1. HGF[GHMEM MKC MKG[GAHEG]K 

 Cis idch`emis e mkgugaher `izeg mk hgfughmem k hgmkfghmem ahvhc y pkgec, secvi supukstis mk fece lk.  Mhabe idch`eahñg kstå aifprkgmhme mkgtri mk cis supukstis supukstis prkvhstis kg cis ertæaucis 5>05 5¾ pertk mkc  Añmh`i Ahvhc, y 1= hgahsi =¾ mkc Añmh`i ^kgec. Qh kc idch`emi e mkgugaher luksk mkfegmemi kg eaahñg ahvhc pir meõis y pkrjuhahis, pir aigshmkrårskci mkgugahegtk mk fece lk, pimrå ipigkrsk e mhabe eaahñg lugmemi kg gi bedkr hgaurrhmi kg tec supuksti.  Kste mklkgse pimrå skr pcegtkeme aifi mk prkvhi y kspkahec prigugahefhkgti kg cis tèrfhgis mkc  ertæauci 1=< y aigairmegtks mkc Añmh`i ^riaksec Ahvhc y Aifkrahec mk ce Geahñg, ec auec kg ghg`úg  supuksti pimrå mhlkrhrsk ec fifkgti mkc mhatemi mk ce skgtkgahe mklhghthve. 4.=.^TI]KAAHÑG MKC MKG[GAHEG]K 

 Kc mkgugahegtk pimrå pkthahiger pere sæ ce pribhdhahñg mk eakraefhkgti mkc eutir e su pkrsige y e sus cu`erks mk tredeji y/i e su mifhahchi perthaucer, aifi eshfhsfi pimrå sichahter quk sk ck irmkgk sk edstkg`e mk rkechzer auecquhkr aigteati y/i eathvhmem quk pkrturdk i ci elkatk mk fimi ec`ugi.  Mhabes fkmhmes pimråg tefdhèg skr sichahtemes pir kc prilkshigec prilkshigec y/i ce hgsthtuahñg quk cckvkg emkcegtk cis mhe`gñsthais y cis tretefhkgtis prkvhstis kg kste fhsfe cky, aifi pir timi mkc quk mkserricck ec`uge eathvhmem prilkshigec tkgmhkgtk e ce pritkaahñg, ce rkaupkreahñg y ce rkbedhchteahñg mk cis hgvicuaremis. 4.;.QKATK]I ^TILKQHIGEC

 Cis idch`emis e mkgugaher kståg rkckvemis y kxkgtis mk auecquhkr idch`eahñg mk `uermer skarkti  prilkshigec kg timis cis aesis, aesis, y ejkgis e ce segahñg prkvhste kg kc ertæauci 5;< mkc Añmh`i ^kgec. 4.%) mkc  ^å`hge 51

 

 sukcmi dåshai mk ug jukz geahigec mk prhfkre hgstegahe pir aeme eati quk aifkthkrk y/i pkge mk errksti errkst i mk beste trkhgte mæes.  Ces segahigks rklkrhmes sk trefhteråg pir væe hgahmkgtec kg skmk ahvhc, y skråg pertk gkakserhe cis rkprkskgtegtks rkpr kskgtegtks mk cis fhghstkrhis púdchais.  Ce hfpishahñg mk kstes segahigks gi kxhfk mk ces pkgechmemks prkvhstes kg kc Añmh`i ^kgec, auegmi airrkspigmhkrkg.

Kc tkxti mkc ertæauci 1; mk ce rkahkgtk y akckdreme Cky mk ^ritkaahñg Hgtk`rec mk Ghõis, Ghões y Emicksakgtks prifukvk y lifkgte ce egearñghae, mhsarhfhgethve y eprksureme esiaheahñg kgtrk gk`ch`kgahe aifi sudthpi mkc fectreti hglegthc, ci quk aigcckve e ce gk`eahñg y ce hg hgvh vhsh shdh dhchchzea zeahñ hñg g mk ce vh vhic ickg kgah ahe e mi mifè fèst stha hae e aig aigtr tre e ce hg hgle legah gahe e -hgac -hgacuæ uæmi mi kc ed edus usi i sk skxu xuec ec hgakstuisi- y e ce mkspritkaahñg edsicute mk cis ghõis y ghões væathfes. Kc aigakpti mk mksjumhahechzeahñg mk ce pidrkze -quk sk luk `kstegmi kg cis úcthfis mhkz eõis- rkfhtk e ce hgjusthahe quk sh`ghlhae quk kc Kstemi -e trevès mk ce eaahñg mkc ^imkr  Jumhahec- mhspushkre mk fkgirks kg rhks`i, kgtkgmhkgmi quk èstk sk `kgkrede gi pirquk cis ghõis/es e emicksakgtks mk mktkrfhgemi `rupi lefhcher sulrhkreg ec`uge lirfe mk fectreti hglegthc -perthaucerfkgtk kg cis sudthpis mk edegmigi læshai y kfiahiegc- shgi quk, kg timi aesi, ce shtueahñg mk rhks`i gi kre eabeaedck ec pemrk, femrk i auhmemir, shgi ec priphi Kstemi Kst emi,, quk bed bedæe æe ifh ifhththmi mi auf aufpch pchrr aig sus lugahig lugahigks, ks, ec` ec`uge ugess mk kcc kcces es rethlh rethlhaem aemes es pir  aigvkgahigks hgtkrgeahigecks. Kg aigskaukgahe, kg kc aefpi mk ce hglegahe fectreteme, sk kgtkgmhñ quk rksuctedeg vktustes gi sñci ce Cky mk ^etrigeti mk Fkgirks, shgi tefdhèg ce kfdckfåthae lh`ure mk ce ^ritkaahñg mk ^krsige quk shrvhkre muregtk aesh vkhgtk eõis pere secver ce hgtk`rhmem pshailæshae y ce vhme mk cis ghõis y ghões sifkthmis e vhickgahe pir su kgtirgi lefhcher. lefhcher. Ci peremñj peremñjhai hai ks quk, mksmk ahkrtis ferais hmkicñ`ha hmkicñ`hais is hmkgt hmkgthlhae hlhaemis mis aifi pri`rks pri`rkshstes, hstes, sk prktkgmhñ mkskaber timis cis epirtks kspkaælhais kg rkceahñg aig ce vhickgahe lefhcher y kc fectreti hglegti-juvkghc hgtrelefhcher, y aiglugmhr pkch`risefkgtk pidrkze aig gk`ch`kgahe i edegmigi læsmhai y/i fetkrhec, pir ci quk ce hmke mk mksjumhahechzer perkak vicvkr e beakrsk kai mk aigakpt aigakptuechze uechzeahigks ahigks supkremes kg fetkr fetkrhe he mk fectr fectreti eti hglegti-ju hglegti-juvkghc, vkghc, aifi ces quk rkfhtæeg su kthici`æe kxacushvefkgtk e rezigks siahikaigñfhaes y aucturecks. Kxhstk uge fucthpchahmem y supkrpishahñg mk pridckfes migmk aesh shkfprk kstå prkskgtk ce  pidrkze ec`uges vkaks aifi aeusechmem y itres aifi aigskaukgahe. Mk eccæ quk cis kquhpis siahecks mk cis juz`emis mk lefhche y kspkahecfkgtk cis mk ces mklkgsiræes mk fkgirks -kg rezñg quk mksmk eccæ sk hgaheg cis tråfhtks mk  pritkaahñg mk pkrsige- mkdæeg pigkr kspkahec etkgahñg kg ce hgahmkgahe mk equkccis hgmhaemirks kg kc aesi, quk pir ci mkfås aesh shkfprk kståg prkskgtks kg ce aesuæsthae. Ce kxpkrhkgahe rkai`hme, ce kspkahechzeahñg mk prilkshigecks y mk cis priphis juz`emis mk lefhche y mklkgsiræes mk fkgirks pkrfhthkrig edirmer emkauemefkgtk kc fectreti hglegthc kg sus mhvkrsis sudthpis, ci`rågmisk fexhfhzer ces kstretk`hes aifugks kg ces quk perthahpeg eatue eat uecf cfkgt kgtk k ci ciss sh shst stkf kfes es mk ju just stha hahe he,, km kmua uaea eahñg hñg y se secu cum, m, k hfpi hfpigh ghkg kgmi mi fimk fimkci ciss mk hgtkrvkgahñg hgtkrv kgahñg kspka kspkaælhai ælhaiss tkgmh tkgmhkgtks kgtks e ipthfhzer ipthfhzer ce kvicuahñg mk cis aesis. Ce hgtkrvkgahñg hgtkrvkgahñg  jumhahec thkgk pir lhgechmem auhmer i pritk`kr cis mkrkabis y cis hgtkrksks mk ug skr  kskgahecfkgtk aepez (aepeahmem mk mkrkabi), auyis rkaursis y vecirks gkakserhis pere ci`rer su mkserricci hgtk`rec y pckgi beg shmi i sig vucgkremis. Kcci sh`ghlhañ ug aefdhi kg ce vecireahñg mkc ric quk fkrkakg mkskfpkõer ce hglegahe y ce emicksakgahe emicks akgahe kg gukst gukstre re siahkm siahkmem em aifi lirfemirk lirfemirkss mk lutur lutures es `kgkreahigks, mhabi aefdhi kfpkzñ e ipkrersk kg kc Kstemi er`kgthgi aig egtkrhirhmem e ce segahñg mk ce –Aigvkgahñg sidrk cis Mkrkabis mkc Ghõi‖ (Cky 412=8 mk 5828). Mhabi shstkfe girfethvi mk mkrkabi aifugh aif ughter terhi hi -biy -biy lugmef lugmefkgt kgtec ec y vhg vhgauc aucegt egtk k mkc Kst Kstemi emi er` er`kgt kgthgi hgi (ert (ertæau æauci ci 0; hga hgahsi hsi 44 Aigsthtuahñg Geahigec)- rkaigiak kspkaælhaefkgtk quk kc fectreti hglegti-juvkghc thkgk cu`er  kspkahecfkgtk kg ce lefhche, y pripigk fkmhmes pere hgtkrvkghr kg ce kfkr`kgahe y supkrerci pigh pi ghkgm kgmi i kg ae aedk dkze ze mk ksk mkrka mkrkabi bi ce id idchch`e `eah ahñg ñg mk em emip ipte terr fk fkmh mhme mess ck ck`hs `hsce ceththves ves,, emfh em fhgh ghst stret rethve hves, s, si siah ahec ecks ks y km kmuae uaeththves ves ep epri riph phem emes es pe pere re pritk pritk`kr `kr e ci cis/ s/es es gh ghõi õis/ s/es es y emicks emi cksakgt akgtks ks mk aue auecqu cquhkr hkr edu edusi si læshai læshai y/i psh pshaic aicñ`h ñ`hai ai y/i skxu skxuec ec y/i tre treti ti gk` gk`ch` ch`kgt kgtk k (ertæaucis 58 y 4>). Cis juz`emis mk lefhche, ces mklkgsiræes mk fkgirks, cis bisptecks y ksaukces púdchaes y ces mklkgsiræes zigecks mkc @ADE @ADE aig sus rkspkathvis Kquhpis Qiahecks- thkgkg kc aifprifhsi hgkcumhdcmk mk vkcer pir cis fkjirks hgtkrksks mk cis/es ghõis/esyyfegtkghmis emicksakgtks. pkrmkr mk fhre quk aigsthtuykg skrvhahis mkc kstemi sistkghmis aigGi kc mkdkg epirtk ^å`hge 5=

 

mk ce priphe aifughmem. Kc prksth`hi pkrsigec, ce aifpktkgahe prilkshigec aifi lhgechmem kg sæ, kc mi`fet mi`fethsf hsfi, i, kc ktgiak ktgiakgtr gtrhsf hsfi, i, ce eus euskga kgahe he mk uge vhs vhshñg hñg hgtkrmh hgtkrmhsah sahpch pchger gerhe he mk ce pridckfåtha pridck fåthae, e, ce er`ufkgteahñ er`ufkgteahñg g eutirh eutirhterhe terhe y ce guce aiirmhg aiirmhgeahñg eahñg mk rkaursis rkaursis sig ec`uis mk cis fuabis leatirks quk hgtrklhkrkg y ectkreg kc rufdi mkc idjkthvi quk sk mkdk aufpchr, y mkdkg mkjersk mk cemi egtk shtueahigks mk ghõis/es y emicksakgtks kg shtueahigks mk rhks`i. Kc tkxti mkc ert ertæau æauci ci 1; mk ce rka rkahkg hkgtk tk Cky mk hglega hglegahe he kst kstedc edckak kak:: "auegmi ce efkgeze i vhiceahñg mk mkrkabis ske aigskaukgahe mk gkakshmemks dåshaes hgsethslkabes, aerkgahes i mhlhauctemks fetkrhecks, kaigñfhaes , cedirecks i mk vhvhkgme, ces fkmhmes mk pritkaahñg sig cis pri`refes mk epiyi, hgacusi kaigñfh kaigñfhai, ai, aig fhres ec fegtkghfhk fegtkghfhkgti gti lirteckahfhkgti lirteckahfhkgti mk cis vægauc vægaucis is lefhch lefhcherks erks", ", cefkgtedckfkgtk hfpchae ce aigse`reahñg ck`hscethve mkc krrñgki

aigakpti mk mksjumhahechzeahñg mk ce pidrkze. Qhg kfder`i, y aig destegtk acerhmem, sk emvhkrtk ce hfpishdhchmem mk ce epchaeahñg mkc fhsfi kg auegti aichshige aig kc ert. 58"5.y aigairmegtks mk ce Aigvkgahñg sidrk cis Mkrkabis mkc Ghõi quk kxprksefkgtk prkvè: Cis Kstemis ^ertks emipteråg times ces fkmhmes ck`hscethves, emfhghstrethves, siahecks y  kmuaethves epriphemes pere pritk`kr ec ghõi aigtre time lirfe mk pkrjuhahi i edusi læshai i fkgtec, mksauhmi i treti gk`ch`kgtk, fecis tretis i kxpciteahñg, hgacuhmi kc edusi skxuec, fhkgtres kc ghõi sk kgaukgtrk deji ce austimhe mk cis pemrks, mk ug rkprkskgtegtk ck`ec i mk auecquhkr itre pkrsige quk ci tkg`e e su aer`i. 4. Kses fkmhmes mk pritkaahñg mkdkræeg aifprk aif prkgmkr gmkr,, sk`úg sk`úg airrksp airrkspigm igme, e, priakm priakmhfh hfhkgt kgtis is klhaea klhaeaks ks pere kc kstedck kstedckahf ahfhkg hkgti ti mk  pri`refes siahecks aig idjkti mk pripirahiger ce eshstkgahe gkakserhe ec ghõi y e quhkgks auhmeg mk èc, esæ aifi pere itres lirfes mk prkvkgahñg y pere ce hmkgthlhaeahñg, githlhaeahñg, rkfhshñg e uge hgsthtuahñg, hgvksth`eahñg, tretefhkgti y idskrveahñg uctkrhir mk cis aesis egtks mksarhtis mk fecis tretis ec ghõi y, sk`úg airrkspigme, ce hgtkrvkgahñg jumhahec".

E fimi mk ahkrrk Tkahkgtkfkgtk, kc pkrhimhsfi `rålhai kstå aiglhrfegmi y vhshdhchzegmi ug pridckfe berti aigiahmi pir quhkgks, mk uge u itre fegkre, tkgkfis ec`úg aigteati aig ce vhathfhzeahñg skxuec hglegthc. Kg klkati, beg tregsaurrhmi fås mk trkhgte eõis mksmk quk sk hghahñ ug hfpirtegtk priaksi mk vhshdhchzeahñg mkc edusi skxuec hgakstuisi. Mhabi priaksi sk kxtkgmhñ cuk`i ec edusi skxuec kg kc åfdhti kmuaethvi, aifi tefdhèg ec quk iaurrk kg ces aifughmemks rkch`hises y/i pir pertk mk seakrmitks mk mhlkrkgtks ackris. Lhgecfkgtk, timi thpi mk edusi skxuec quk hfpchae e ug ghõi/e i emicksakgtk væathfe -hgacusi pir pertk mk itri/e ghõ ghõi/e i/e i emicksakgt emicksakgtkk- emquhrhñ ce hfpi hfpirtegah rtegahe e quk fkrkaæe e perthr mk pimkr pi mkr ks kste tedc dcka kakr krsk sk ai aig g rh` rh`ir ir ah ahkg kgtæ tælhlhai ai ce cess `r `rev evæs æshf hfes es -y fu fuab abes es vka vkaks ks hrrkp hrrkpere eredc dcksksaigskaukgahes quk mkperede kg kc pshquhsfi mkc/ce fkgir elkatemi/e. Aifi ci bkfis egechzemi, kstk priaksi mk aigahkgthzeahñg luk sistkghmi, kg prhfkr cu`er  pir ce Aigvkgahñg Hgtkrgeahigec mk cis Mkrkabis mkc Ghõi y itres girfes mkc mkrkabi hgtkrgeahigec. Ces ckyks ciaecks mk pritkaahñg aigtre ce vhickgahe lefhcher hgacuykrig, kg lirfe tåahte y kxprkse, kc edusi skxuec aifi ug sudthpi mkc fectreti hgtrelefhcher. Lhgecfkgtk ce cky 4;>20 rklirfñ kstruaturecfkgtk ci ethgkgtk e cis mkchtis skxuecks.  Eúg shg kc mkdhmi rkspecmi mkc Kstemi y fuabes vkaks sñci sistkghmi kg kslukrzis hgmhvh hgm hvhmue muecks cks y `rupec `rupecks, ks, sk aep aepeaht eahtñ ñ y kgt kgtrkgñ rkgñ e fhk fhkfdr fdris is mk mhlkrkg mhlkrkgtks tks hgs hgstht thtuahi uahigks gks  juræmhaes, picæthaes, seghterhes, kmuaethves y jumhahecks. jumhahecks.  E trevès mk cis fkmhis, sk aigahkgthzñ eakrae mk ce `revkmem, ce hgahmkgahe y ce prkveckgahe mk ce tkfåthae. ^imkfis mkahr quk gi kxhstk treufe quk `kgkrk teg `revk petici`æe aifi kc quk primuak kc edusi skxuec kg ce hglegahe. Muregtk kstk priaksi, sk rkpcegtkñ ce mhlhauctem pridetirhe tæphae mk kstis aesis, tegti pere ce  justhahe pkgec pk gec aifi pere ce eathvhmem jurhsmhaahigec mk irmkg pritkaahigec, y sk kstedckahkrig peråfktris våchmis pere ce aifprideahñg mk kstis bkabis e trevès mk kxåfkgks fèmhais (pshquhåtrhais, pkmhåtrhais y `hgkaicñ`hais) y pshaicñ`hais. Qk luk tifegmi aigahkgahe mk quk kstedckakr ce hfpishdhchmem pridetirhe kre mkacerer ce hfpughmem mk kstk thpi mk mkchtis. Qk pudchaerig gufkrises idres ec rkspkati. E su vkz, kc jurhste quk fås be tredejemi y fås sk be aifprifkthmi aig cis ghõis y ces ghões edusemis skxuecfkgtk, kc miatir Aercis Tizegsoh, pudchañ kg 4>>1 su idre  Edusi skxuec hglegthc ¹mkgugaher i shckgaher9 Ci fås hfpirtegtk: sk kxpushkrig acerefkgtk cis fhtis, cis prkjuhahis, cis kstkrkithpis, ces ^å`hge 5;

 

arkkgahe arkkga hess krr krrñgk ñgkes es qu quk k si sist stkg kgæe æeg g sid sidrk rk kc tkfe tkfe tegt tegti i ce pi pidc dcea eahñ hñg g `kgkr `kgkrec ec ai aifi fi ce cess hgsthtuahigks, hgacusi kg ec`ugis åfdhtis ahkgtælhais. Kg ec`ugis cu`erks, sk cckverig e aedi priaksis -e vkaks kxhtisis- aigtre mkchgaukgtks skxuecks quk ye gi privkgæeg mk skatirks fer`hgecks y quk kg fuabis aesis aigtedeg aig edugmegtks ligmis mhspighdcks, gi sñci pere aigtreter e elegemis edi`emis, shgi tefdhèg e rkaigia rka igiahmi hmiss psh pshquh quhetr etres es y pshañc pshañci`is i`is -hgacus -hgacusi i ec` ec`ugi ugiss quk kg itr itris is thk thkfpi fpiss per perkaæ kaæeg eg aifpri aif prifkt fkthmi hmiss aig ce hglega hglegahe he fec fectre tretem teme-, e-, aep aepeaks eaks mk eck eck`er `er,, mka mkacer cerer er i sist sistkgk kgkrr kg auecquhkr thpi mk pskumi tkiræe quk lukre gkakserhe pere secver e su achkgtk.  E su vkz kstis prilkshigecks `kgkrerig uge aigtreairrhkgtk quk uthchzede aifi lukrze mk abiquk e cis fhsfis mkchgauk mkchgaukgtks, gtks, sicis i e`rupem e`rupemefkgt efkgtk, k, y e ec`ugi ec`ugiss shfpethzeg shfpethzegtks tks pere prkshiger, bisth`er, efkgezer i hgthfhmer aifi mhkre cu`er e quhkgks tredejedeg y tredejeg aig ces væathfes. Kcci, aig destegtks dukgis rksuctemis. Ciss er`uf Ci er`ufkgt kgtis is fås fås ksa ksaua uabe bemis mis,, sh shg g gh ghg`ú g`úg g si sipir pirtk tk ah ahkg kgtæ tælhlhai, ai, kre kreg g qu quk k ci ciss gh ghõis õis legteskedeg kc edusi skxuec i èstk kre ai-aigstruæmi aig itri emucti? i shfpckfkgtk quk ug ghõi pkqukõi gi pukmk, kg fimi ec`ugi, eairmersk mk sh iaurrhñ i gi ug bkabi edushvi. Fås rkahkgtkfkgtk, ec`ugis prilkshigecks -fuabis privkghkgtks mk ce skxici`æe, itris mk ce tkrephe lefhcher k hgacusi ec`ugis mkc mkrkabi- vhkgkg justhlhaegmi e cis ilkgsirks skxuecks k hgacusi rkcethvhzegmi arhfhgecfkgtk kc meõi quk ce vhathfhzeahñg skxuec priviae kg ghõis/es y emicksakgtks. Kg fuabes privhgahes lkumecks, su priphe aigsthtuahñg petrheraec aigtrhduyñ e tegti mhscetk. Kspkaælhaefkgtk, kg kc mkrkabi pkgec, kg gukstri shstkfe kg kxaksi `eregthste -e vkaks edichahighste- y gktefkgtk egthvhathficñ`hai, cis mkrkabis mkc ghõi edusemi skxuecfkgtk perka pe rkakg kg su sudsu dsufh fhrs rsk k kg ug hg hge` e`it itedc edck k mkrka mkrkabi bi mk mklkgs mklkgse. e. ]ime imess ks kste tess au aukst ksthi higk gkss aigaurrhkrig pere aigarkter eatueahigks mk lugahigerhis mkc shstkfe jumhahec quk aigsthtuykg e times cuaks uge sk`ugme sk`ugme vhathfhzea vhathfhzeahñg hñg mkc pemkah pemkahfhkgti fhkgti mkc ghõi, ce ghõe i kc emicksakgtk emicksakgtk treufethzemi kg su kslkre pshaiskxuec. Ci fås `revk gi rksucte ce fece eatueahñg prilkshigec, shgi ce hfpughmem quk sk ck drhgme mksmk ce fhsfe hgsthtuahñg i hgacusi mksmk ñr`egis ck`hscethvis auegmi, aig fuabe ch`krkze, sk rkabezeg pkmhmis mk juhahi picæthai y jurhks mk kgjuhahefhkgti.  Ec bedkr tregsaurrhmi tegti thkfpi mk mkserricci mkc priaksi egtks mksarhti ¹pukmk mkahrsk quk cis lugahigerhis jumhahecks gi sedkg9 ¹quk gi kståg kgtrkgemis y quk pir kcci gi thkgkg ce aucpe9 ¹I ye ks bire mk mkahmhr quk quhkgks rkvhathfhzeg e ghõis/es i emicksakgtks edusemis/es mkdkg rkspigmkr aig timi kc pksi mk ce cky, y quk ces hgsthtuahigks y kc Kstemi fhsfi tefdhèg mkdkg rkspigmkr pir ce fechahe mk sus lugahigerhis, aifi ci irmkgeg ces aigvkgahigks hgtkrgeahigecks9 Aif Ai fi pr prip ipuk ukst ste e sk mk mkdk dk hgs gshs hsth thrr gi sñ sñcci kg kc pkrl krlka kaah ahi igefh gefhkg kgti ti mk ce cess cky kyks ks priakmhfkgtecks y mk ligmi, shgi tefdhèg kg kc kgtrkgefhkgti y ce aepeahteahñg aigthgue y pkrfegkgtk? ci fås hfpirtegtk ks ce arkeahñg mk aukrpis pichahecks, aukrpis fèmhais, esksiræes pkrhahecks, lhsaecæes y juz`emis kspkahechzemis kg kstk thpi mk mkchtis. Fhkgtres tegti cis jukaks, cis trhdugecks aick`hemis, aåferes mk epkceahigks, supkrhirks trhdugecks trhdug ecks privhgah privhgahecks ecks y ce fhsfe Airtk Quprkfe mk Justhahe Justhahe mk ce Geahñg mkdkg tkgkr dhkg prkskgtk quk cis sidrkskhfhkgtis y ces edsicuahigks låahcks, e cis quk gis thkgkg teg eaistufdremis, rksucteg vkrmemkres aigmkges pere cis/es ghõis/es y cis/es emicksakgtks væathfes mk mkchtis skxuecks.

Tklkrkgahes Dehte Qegmre (4>>4) Hfpeati mk cis priakmhfhkgtis ck`ecks kg ghõis væathfes mk edusi skxuec? kg Dcegai Cuhs @uhcckrfi (aifp): Dhièthae y dhimkrkabi. Auksthigks eatuecks. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem. Derumy Jir`k (5882) Kc micir hgvhshdck mk ce hglegahe. Derakcige. ^ehmñs Abkjtkr Qhcvhe, @egmu`che Echahe, ^e``h ^etrhahe y \her Jueg ^edci (4>>>) \hickgahe beahe ghõis y emicksakgtks. Fectreti y edusi skxuec. Kckfkgtis dåshais pere su etkgahñg kg kc skatir  secum. Ds Es, Fhghstkrhi mk Qecum mk ce Geahñg y ^ri`refe Tk`higec ^hciti mk ^rkvkgahñg y  Etkgahñg mk ce \hickgahe Hgtrelefhcher, Hgtrelefhcher, Aiipkreahñg ]èaghai-Lhgegahkre DHM Añmh`i mk Èthae mk ce Esiaheahñg mk ^shañci`is mk Dukgis Ehrks Añmh`i mk Èthae mk ce Lkmkreahñg mk Aick`his mk ^shañci`is mk ce Tkpúdchae Er`kgthge ^å`hge 5<

 

Añmh`i mk Èthae mkc Aick`hi mk ^shañci`is mk ce ^rivhgahe mk Dukgis Ehrks @egmicce Juche Kckge (4>>5) Cis rkacefis mk hgmkfghzeahñg mhrh`hmis e tkrakris kg cis aesis mk meõis lefhcherks. Tkvhste mk Mkrkabis mk Meõis. Gúfkri 4, pp.;> y ss. Ds Es, TudhgzecAuczigh Kmtirks @egmu`che Echahe (588;) Edusi Edusi skxuec hglegthc: kgtrk kc rhks`i mk bedcer y ce ur`kgahe sudjkthve, tredeji prkskgtemi kg ces H Jirgemes mk ^shaipetici`æe mk @uermhe mkc Bisphtec @kgkrec mk Ghõis –Mr. Thaermi @uthèrrkz‖  YYYYYYYYYYYYY(5882) Mhckfes pere pshaiegechstes: ces aigsuctes pir edusi skxuec mk ghõis kg ces hgsthtuahigks mk secum, kg Cefdkrth, Qegabkz y \her (aifps) \hickgahe lefhcher y edusi skxuec. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem  YYYYYYYYYYYYY(4>>4) Kc deaocesb: ug gukvi leatir mk rhks`i, kg Cefdkrth Qhcvhi (aifp) Fectreti hglegthc. Thks`is mkc aifprifhsi prilkshigec. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem. @hdkrt @hd krth,h, K Kve ve (mhr (mhr.) .) (588 (5882) 2) Hgakst Hgaksti i petkrg petkrgi-l i-lhch hchec. ec. [ge vvhsh hshñg ñg fucth fucthmhsa mhsahpc hpchger hgerhe. he. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem. @risfeg Akahche (5884) Tkspigsedhchmem ahvhc y vhickgahe kg ce lefhche, kg Mkrkabi mk Lefhche. Tkvhste Hgtkrmhsahpchgerhe Hgtkrmhsahpchgerhe mk Miatrhge y Jurhsprumkgahe, Gúf.4>. Ds Es, Ckxhs-Gkxhs /  Edkckmi-^krrit @risfeg Akahche (4>>4) Kc fectreti hglegthc kg ce lefhche: kc kgaukgtri kgtrk ci púdchai y ci prhvemi, kg Aemiabk Aemi abk (aifp) \hickgahe lefhcher lefhcher.. Ds Es, Tudhgzec-Auczigh @risfeg Akahche y Fkstrkfeg Qhcvhe (5884) Fectreti ec fkgir. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem Oreut, Eclrkmi (5885) Tkspigsedhchmem prilkshigec mk cis pshquhetres. Ds Es, Ce Tiaae Cefdkrthh Qhcvh Cefdkrt Qhcvhi i (aifp) (4>>1) Fectr Fectreti eti hgleg hglegthc. thc. Thks`is mkc aifprifhsi aifprifhsi prilkshigec prilkshigec.. Ds Es, [ghvkrshmem. Cefdkrt Cefd krthh Qhcv Qhcvhi hi y \her \her Ju Jueg eg ^e ^edc dci i (4 (4>> >>4) 4) Kc pr pril ilks kshi hige gecc mk ce se secu cum m lrkg lrkgtk tk ec sk skark arkti ti prilkshigec, kg Dcegai Cuhs @uhcckrfi (aifp): Dhièthae y dhimkrkabi. Auksthigks eatuecks. Ds  Es, [ghvkrshmem. Figzñg Hsedkc (5882) \hickgahe mk ce mksfkgthme: edusi skxuec aigtre fkgirks. Tkvhste mkc  Etkgki ^shaiegecæthai, Ds Es. ^rhkti Feræe mkc ^hcer (5884) Ce vhickgahe kg ce lefhche. Kc ghõi fectretemi, kg Mkrkabi mk Fkgirks. Ds Es, Jurhs. Qegz Mhege, Biu`btig ^etrhahe y \her Jueg ^edci (5885) \hshñg fucthmhfkgshigec mkc edusi skxuec: ug kstumhi kxpciretirhi, tredeji prkskgtemi kg kc HH Aig`rksi mk ]krephe Lefhcher mkc Aigi Qur  Qegz Mhege y Fichge Eckjegmri (5888) \hickgahe y edusi kg ce lefhche. Ds Es, CufkgBvfeghtes \h \her er Jue Jueg g ^ed ^edci ci (4>>=) (4>>=) Aig Aigska skaukg ukgahe ahess mkc dea deaoces ocesb b kg cis klkati klkatirks rks mk sec secum, um, tks tkshge hge prkskgt prk skgteme eme egtk egtk ce Aer Aerrkre rkre Hgt Hgtkrm krmhsah hsahpch pchger gerhe he mk \hick \hickgah gahe e Lef Lefhch hcher er,, mk ce Lea Leauct uctem em mk ^shaici`æe mk ce [ghvkrshmem mk Dukgis Ehrks \her Jueg ^edci y Cefdkrth Qhcvhi (4>>1) Fectreti hgelgthc: cis mkrkabis mkc/e ghõi/e kg kc mkrkabi aifughterhi y kg kc mkrkabi jumhahec, kg Tkvhste mk Mkrkabi mk Lefhche, Gúf. 4=. Ds es, Ckxhs-Gkxhs / Edkckmi-^krrit \icgivhab Jir`k (aifp) (4>>>) Edusi skxuec kg ce hglegahe. Kc qukbeakr y ce èthae. Ds Es, Cufkg-Bvfeghtes

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