A2
Vocabulary and Grammar
Book 2
Modules 3 and 4
THAT’S ENGLISH!
THAT’S ENGLISH! Autores Michael Downie; David Gray Dirección del proyecto Cleo Merino de Diego Ana María García Romero Índice analítico Ramón Palencia Edición Marisol Yago; Paloma Rodríguez; Elisa House Corrección y traducción Departamento de corrección de SM Nikki Strutt Ilustración Archivo SM; David Pintor Noguerol; Ángel Sánchez Trigo; Chema García; Nacho Rúa Roure; Maximiliano Luchini; Gregorio Rodríguez; Alena Emilova Markova; Francisco Roa; Artur Díaz Martínez; Lluis Filella García; Marina Gómez Mut
Diseño curricular y seguimiento técnico del proceso de elaboración de los materiales didácticos de Inglés a Distancia desde el CIDEAD realizado por: Nuria Cambronero Sicilia Rafael Fernández Alonso Yolanda Jiménez Martínez Marta Puras Tellaeche Francisco Javier Sainz de Robles María Jesús Sierra Delgado Elena Terán Herranz
Fotografía Javier Calbet, Sonsoles Prada, María Pía Hidalgo, Fidel Puerta, Sergio Cuesta/Archivo SM; Almudena Esteban; John Wang/PHOTODISC; EFE; PHOVOIR; INGRAM; INGIMAGE; THINKSTOCK; DREAMSTIME; BRAND X PICTURES; STOCKDISC; COMSTOCK; 123RF; AGE FOTOSTOCK; STOCKBYTE Edición gráfica Fidel Puerta Diseño de cubierta e interiores Estudio SM Maquetación Estudio SM; Diego García Tirado Coordinación técnica y de diseño Mario Dequel Losa Asesor pedagógico Ramón Palencia
Este material se ha elaborado con papel certificado por la cadena de custodia PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification), procedente de plantaciones forestales, totalmente libre de cloro (TCF – Totally Chlorine Free) y cumpliendo la ISO14001, siguiendo lo estipulado en la Orden PRE/116/2008, de 21 de enero.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CULTURA Y DEPORTE SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE EDUCACIÓN, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL Y UNIVERSIDADES Centro para la Innovación y Desarrollo de la Educación a Distancia (CIDEAD) Director del CIDEAD: José Luis Gómez Sierra
Edita: © SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA Subdirección General de Publicaciones y Documentación Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: http://www.educacion.es Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: www.060.es Fecha de edición: Junio 2013 NIPO: 030-13-097-0 ISBN: 978-84-369-5455-5 Depósito legal: M-15684-2013 Impreso en la UE - Printed in EU Imprime: Reyper S.L.
THAT’S ENGLISH! Contents
4
Vocabulary
6
Grammar
46
Answer key
86
Index
94
3
Vocabulary Contents A Working life B Student life C Retirement
Feelings Turning points in life
A Feelings B Turning points in life
Learning languages
A How people learn B Using the dictionary C Useful expressions
Illnesses and treatments
Travelling by plane and train
Habits and lifestyles
Clothes Accessories
6
Family rules Leisure activities
26
8
Advertising
28
10
Humour Adjectives + prepositions Word formation
A Health and illness B Useful expressions
12
Musical styles and instruments
A Travelling B Travelling by plane C Travelling by train
14
Traditions, festivals and public holidays
16
Sleep and dreams Verbs of movement
A Clothes and accessories B Useful expressions
Personal details A Personal details Personality B Personality Behaviour C Behaviour
A Humour B Adjectives + Prepositions C Word formation: nouns ending in -tion, -ness, -ment
30
A Musical styles B Creating, performing and listening to music
32
A Festivals B Celebrations
34
A Sleep and dreams B Verbs of movement
36
18
The environment Recycling Environmental issues
A Protecting the environment B Recycling C Environmental issues and disasters
38
A Hardware B The World Wide Web / The Internet C Computer and Internet verbs
40
A Shows and venues B Theatre and cinema C Actors and the audience
42
A The Press B TV and radio C Online news D Politics
44
Bad habits Plans and arrangements Intentions and resolutions
A Bad habits B Plans and arrangements C Talking about intentions and resolutions
20
Computers and the Internet
Personal biography and life achievements
A Personal achievements B Professional achievements C Dreams and ambitions
22
Show business
24
The Media Politics
Job hunting
4
A Working conditions B Looking for a job C A CV D A job interview
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Grammar Contents Present simple / Present continuous
Used to A Used to Mustn’t B Mustn’t Don’t need to / C Don’t need to / don’t have to don’t have to
A Present simple B Present continuous
46
A Past simple B Past time clauses with when, after, before C Time periods: How long…? and For + hours, …
48
If-sentences type I So … that
Permission Advice
A can, can’t, may, may not B should, shouldn’t C Modal verbs
50
Agreeing and disagreeing Word order
Obligation Necessity
A must B have to C need to
Questions Time expressions
A Questions B Time expressions
What (a) …! How…! The definite article
Past simple Past time clauses How long? and For
66
A If-sentences type I B So … that
68
A Agreeing and disagreeing B Word order with two objects
70
52
Defining relative A Defining relative clauses with who, which, that as a subject clauses Prefer B Prefer
72
54
Contrast clauses A But, although, however, on the one hand … on the other hand Indefinite pronouns B Indefinite pronouns
74
A What (a) …! How…! B Use and omission of the definite article
56
Past continuous A Past continuous Past simple B Past continuous + Past simple Prepositions of with while and when movement C Prepositions of movement
76
Comparison of adjectives too … / not … enough
A Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms B (not) as … as / less … than C too … / not … enough
58
Possibility Hope
Be going to + infinitive Present continous Verb patterns
A Be going to + infinitive B Present continuous for future arrangements C -ing / to + infinitive
60
Asking for and giving instructions Quantifiers
Present perfect simple / Past simple
A Present perfect simple with ever and never B Present perfect simple vs Past simple
62
Present perfect simple with for, since, already, yet
A Present perfect simple with for and since B Present perfect simple with already and yet
64
THAT’S ENGLISH!
A Possibility: may, might, can B Hope
78
A Asking for and giving instructions B Quantifiers
80
Adverbs A Adverbs of manner of manner Comparison of B Comparison of adverbs adverbs Asking C Asking for confirmation for confirmation
Passive voice
A Use of the passive voice: for focus (emphasis) B Form
82
84
5
Habits and lifestyles A
Working life WORKERS
I commute to work four days a week.
male
I make calls to customers.
male
I write reports for my boss.
male
I try to have a good work-life balance: I get a lot of exercise and eat organic food.
I often go away at weekends.
male
male
healthy, busy I drive to work every morning.
female
I check my emails first thing in the morning.
female
I don’t often have a coffee break.
female
I have meetings with important customers.
female
I rarely have a day off!
female
stressed B
Student life STUDENTS
I catch the bus to go to college.
male
I cycle to university.
C
I attend lectures three times a week.
male
In the evening I revise for exams.
male
I have a part-time job at a bookshop.
I want to get a scholarship for a year abroad at Harvard.
male
Lecturers set a lot of homework and I do it in the evening.
I text classmates if I have questions when I’m doing my homework.
I use social networking sites to keep in touch with friends.
I don’t exercise much: I only cut the grass once a week.
I sometimes have a nap in the afternoon.
I watch the 6 o’clock news every evening.
I often meet friends to play cards, smoke and drink whisky.
I do exercise every morning.
I do voluntary work for a children’s charity.
After dinner I surf the Internet.
I sometimes have to present projects to the class.
Retirement PENSIONERS
I lie in bed until 9 most days.
bored, unhealthy, sedentary I do the crossword after breakfast.
I sometimes eat out with friends at the weekend.
relaxed, active
6
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa los textos sobre Phil y Gladys con las expresiones de los recuadros. have a good work-life balance has a meeting commute to work has a coffee break goes away has Friday off makes calls checks his emails Phil works for a company in Newcastle, 25 kilometres from where he lives, so he has to (1) ............ every day. When he gets to the office, he first (2) ............ . He answers the important ones. Then he (3) ............ to customers. He usually (4) ............ with his boss as well. At 10 a.m., he (5) ............ and can relax a little. After that, it’s back to work. He tries to (6) ............ so he sometimes (7) ............ and (8) ............ for a long weekend with his wife. does exercise does the crossword does voluntary work
watches the news
lie in bed
eat out
Gladys is a pensioner. She retired five years ago. Now she can (9) ............ until ten in the morning if she is tired. She likes to keep fit, so before breakfast she (10) ............ for about thirty minutes. Then, after breakfast, she reads the newspaper and (11) ............ . Some afternoons she (12) ............ : she helps at a charity for homeless people. She usually (13) ............ on TV at 6:00 and then she and her husband sometimes (14) ............ in a local restaurant. 2
Mira los dibujos y completa el diálogo con ayuda de las expresiones. 1
2
attend lectur es revise for ex a ms cycle use s ocial netwo sites rking prese nt a p roject text a classm ate
3
4
5
6
Ivan: How does Maribel get to university? Cynthia: (1) …………………………………………………….…………….… Ivan: What does she do in the morning? Cynthia: (2) …………………………………………………….…………….… Ivan: Do her lecturers set any work to do every month? Cynthia: (3) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: What does she do if she has questions about her homework? Cynthia: (4) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: Why is she so busy in May? Cynthia: (5) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: Does she keep in touch with her friends and family? Cynthia: (6) ……………………………………………………………………
Une los verbos (1-9) con las expresiones adecuadas (a-i). ... 1 drive ... 2 eat ... 3 have
4
3
... 4 write ... 5 catch ... 6 do
... 7 have ... 8 surf ... 9 cut
a homework b the grass c to work
d a nap e a report f the Internet
g out h a day off i a bus
Describe tus actividades cotidianas usando las expresiones del ejercicio 3. Puedes usar oraciones afirmativas o negativas. 1 Example: I never drive to work / I drive to work everyday / twice a week / on Fridays … 2 ....……………………........…………….........…… 6 ....……………........…………….........…… 3 ....……………………........…………….........…… 7 ....……………........…………….........…… 4 ....……………………........…………….........…… 8 ....……………........…………….........…… 5 ....……………………........…………….........…… 9 ....……………........…………….........……
THAT’S ENGLISH!
7
Feelings A
Turning points in life
Feelings
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
+
cheerful happy
depressed sad / upset
in a good mood
-
+
in a good mood
-
+
interested
angry / upset annoyed in a bad mood in a bad mood
annoyed
angry
confused
worried
anxious
tired bored
-
excited
upset
+
excited interested
But I thought he loved me!
+ anxious
relaxed confident confident
relaxed
+
surprised
worried / upset nervous confused
-
s 5SAMOS feel + adjective o to be + adjective para describir nuestros sentimientos. I feel tired today. I didn’t sleep well last night. Oliver was really happy yesterday. He passed all his exams. Listen to Sally singing. She’s in a good mood this morning. s 0ODEMOS UTILIZAR TAMBIÏN VERBOS QUE DESCRIBEN SENTIMIENTOS POSITIVOS Y NEGATIVOS positive
adore
negative
love
like enjoy
don’t mind
don’t like dislike (formal)
hate can’t stand (informal)
I adore Brad Pitt and I enjoy watching his films when I’m in a bad mood. They cheer me up. Phil loves going skiing, but all his friends hate doing sport. I can’t stand pop music, although I don’t mind rock’n’roll. B
Turning points in life
be born
buy / rent a house / flat
8
pass your exams
move to a different city
leave school
get married
leave home
start a degree
start a family / have a child
fall in love
retire
start work
get a pet
start your own business
go on your first trip abroad
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Busca diecisiete adjetivos en las serpientes. Usa algunos para completar las frases. dconfidentngrinte noyed edpsaexcite p r surprised dlcom f wits restedjeipdepress dkuangrytan ortable abored ried ppywtcfoolishts dhesaduninrelaxedutsn tiredowor ervouswoha vsc onfuse
?
1 They are going to meet Father Christmas. They are very .......... .
2
2 Sarah’s got 3 Paul left nothing to his keys at do. She feels home. He’s .......... . very .......... .
4 We don’t 5 Pete has understand. attended We’re ......... . five lectures today. He’s very ......... .
Escribe frases con la información dada, utilizando la forma correcta del verbo entre paréntesis y and o but. 1 reading: Matt (love) / his wife (hate) Matt loves reading but his wife hates it. 2 Matt reading (love) / his wife doing sport (adore) Matt loves reading and his wife adores doing sport. 3 ROMANTIC FILMS 5RSULA NOT LIKE (UGH LOVE ............................................................................. 4 Martin coffee (like) / his girlfriend tea (like) .............................................................................
3
5 Bill eating sushi (enjoy) / Sheila eating raw fish (can’t stand) ............................................................................ 6 dogs: my father (adore) / Sheila (not like) ............................................................................. 7 classical music: Bill (love) / Sheila (not like) ............................................................................. 8 Anne sport (not like) / Joe watching football (not mind) .............................................................................
Asocia estas palabras para formar expresiones. 1 buy ..…………... 2 get ..………….. 3 finish ..………….. married home James
4
6 He has a 7 Jenny is on 8 They’re in Maths exam her holidays. love. They tomorrow. She’s feeling are very He feels very .......... . .......... . .......... .
a degree a flat a family
4 move ..………….. 5 get ..………….. 6 start ..…………..
7 leave ....………… 8 meet ..………….. 9 start ..…………..
a pet to a different city her own business
Fijándote en las ilustraciones, escribe la biografía de María con las expresiones del ejercicio 3. 1980
1985
1998
1990
2000
1995
2003
1996
2005
Maria left home in …………………………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
THAT’S ENGLISH!
9
Learning languages A
How people learn I prefer reading in English to listening.
reading
speaking
listening
writing learning from mistakes
doing exercises skills distance learning
I like speaking in English. However, pronunciation is hard, especially vowel sounds and intonation.
practising as much as possible
self-study motivation
Studying phonetics helps you pronounce words.
LANGUAGE LEARNING
I need to concentrate when I revise for my exams.
language systems
vocabulary
I have a good ear but English people speak very fast.
word class
My tutor always tells me when I’m right and wrong.
pronunciation
grammar
I study English by distance learning. Motivation is really important for self-study.
content words:
noun, adjective, verb, adverb
grammar words:
pronoun, preposition, conjunction
I don’t like to make mistakes in my writing. That’s English! materials include lots of practice activities to do at home. You need to practise a lot to improve.
B
Using the dictionary word class headword synonym
countable / uncountable
example
cook (n) (C) A person who prepares food. Lori is a fantastic cook. to cook (v) To prepare food. Cook the vegetables for five minutes. cool ADJ ,OW IN TEMPERATURE I’d love a nice cool drink. Ant: warm. Syn: chilly, chilled. 2. Fashionable. I think your shoes are really cool.
When I see a word I don’t know, I look it up in the dictionary.
C
definition
opposite
different meaning of a word You have to be careful to choose the correct meaning.
I always look at the word class.
You need to read the example sentences carefully.
Useful expressions s ,AS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES SON ÞTILES CUANDO SURGE ALGÞN PROBLEMA DE COMUNICACIØN Sorry, I don’t understand. Could you say that again, please? What does ‘bus driver’ mean? Could you speak more slowly, please? How do you say ‘ascensor’ in English? Could you speak louder, please?
10
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Relaciona las dos partes de cada diálogo. Luego, escribe de qué aspecto del aprendizaje de una lengua están hablando en cada caso. 1 I love American literature. 2 Getting vowel sounds right is the hardest thing in English. 3 I can never remember new words. 4 I find conditional sentences really difficult. 5 You can learn a lot from English songs. 6 It’s hard when you don’t have a teacher. 7 I hate making mistakes. Example: 1-f reading 2 ………………………… 3 …………………………
2
a Why don’t you keep a special notebook and look at them often? b They’re not so bad. They’re quite similar to Spanish. c Me too. The important thing is to learn from them! d Yes, you need to be very motivated. e I find it helps if I play the CD again and again and then I record myself. f I prefer English authors. I’d love to read novels by Dickens in English one day. g Yes, but you need to have a good ear.
4 ………………………..… 5 …………………….…….
6 …………………………… 7 ……………….…….…….
Ordena las palabras de las frases. 1 very Keith lucky is – he good has languages ear a for. ........................................................................ 2 I reading prefer speaking to – bit I’m shy a. ......................................................................................... 3 listen I like to when exams to revise music I for. .................................................................................. 4 mistakes Making language is a of new part learning. .......................................................................... 5 important The is communicate thing to – worry don’t right if wrong or you’re. ................................ ...................................................................................................................................................................
3
Escribe debajo de cada palabra la abreviatura que corresponde a su categoría gramatical. Ten en cuenta el contexto. Example: 1 2 3 4
4
I can learn foreign languages at home easily, but my sister can’t. pr v (aux) v adj n prep n adv conj adj n v (aux) You speak too fast when you get nervous. …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… I love fast cars. A good race can be really exciting. …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… Shall I book tickets for a theatre play or do you prefer to watch the race? …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… I lost my watch in the pool yesterday. Swimming can be expensive! …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… ……
Escribe los nombres de las diferentes partes de esta entrada de diccionario. 1 2 3
study (n) (C) plural: studies.
1. A room where you go to learn or work on something.
4
My father was in his study. 5 2. A report about something.
2
4
6
Nearly all studies show that smoking is dangerous
5
7
8
5
stupid (adj) Not intelligent. That was a really stupid decision. Ant: clever. Syn: unintelligent 1 …………… 2 ………….. 3 …………… 4 …………… 5 …………… 6 …....…… 7 ………… 8 ………… 5
Completa las conversaciones con las expresiones adecuadas. 1 Where are you going today? — Sorry, I don’t understand. You speak very quickly! ………..…….? 2 How did your exam go? — Sorry, I can’t hear you. ………..…….? 3 I ate some delicious fish last night. Its name in Spanish is ‘lubina’. How ………..…….? 4 I met Jake last night. He’s at university in Bristol now. You’re from Bristol, aren’t you? — Sorry, I wasn’t listening. ………..…….? 5 Our camping holiday was a complete disaster. It poured all weekend. — Poured? What ………..…….?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
11
Illnesses and treatments A
Health and illness I’ve got a pain in my back / knee / chest / neck.
I’ve got a headache. My head / shoulder hurts. I’ve got a sore throat / stomach.
Take an aspirin / some painkillers. You don’t need a prescription. Take some vitamins
Healthy
I’ve broken my leg / I’ve got a broken leg.
Injuries treatmeand nts
HEALTH & ILLNESS
Get eight hours of sleep.
I’ve sprained my wrist / ankle. / I’ve got a sprained wrist / ankle. Put your arm in a sling / in plaster.
I’ve got an infection.
es
Eat healthily. Don’t eat fatty foods.
habits
Take a sleeping pill
Plac
Don’t smoke.
Do lots of exercise.
I’ve got a cough / a temperature. I suffer from insomnia.
Illness e treatm s and ents
I’m depressed / stressed. Don’t work too hard.
Stay in bed and drink plenty of liquids.
I’ve cut my hand.
Take some antibiotics
doctor’s surgery Put on a bandage.
health centre waiting room
hospital emergency room
operating theatre
s 0ARA EXPRESAR DOLOR FÓSICO PODEMOS USAR LAS SIGUIENTES CONSTRUCCIONES My xxx hurts. I’ve got a sore xxx. s 3OLO UTILIZAMOS LA PALABRA ache con determinadas partes del cuerpo, por ejemplo: stomach ache, headache, toothache, backache. s .ORMALMENTE USAMOS LOS POSESIVOS NO hthe”) con las partes del cuerpo: I’ve cut my hand, I’ve broken my leg. (Sin embargo decimos I’ve got a broken leg, She’s got a small nose.) B
Useful expressions
I feel terrible.
I’ve got a really high temperature and I can’t stop sneezing.
12
I can’t sleep. I think I suffer from insomnia.
What’s wrong?
I don’t feel well. I feel stressed and unhealthy. It’s not a cold. You probably have the flu. Take some aspirins and go to bed.
Have you tried alternative medicine?
You might have depression. You should take some vitamins and do more exercise.
My ear really hurts. I think I have an infection.
I have a toothache as well.
Yes, you do. Here’s a prescription for some antibiotics and some painkillers.
You should make an appointment with your dentist.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las frases a-f con las expresiones del recuadro. Después, une las frases 1-6 con a-f. broken
a sore stomach
got a pain
temperature
1 Poor John! He’s not feeling well. ..... 2 Molly had an accident yesterday. ..... 3 Paul’s probably got the flu. ..... 4 Doctor, I’m feeling terrible. ..... 5 You’d better take Julie to the hospital. She can’t walk. ..... 6 There’s blood everywhere. ..... 2
she’s sprained
fatty
in plaster
a David has …………. arm. b I think …………. her ankle. c My ear hurts and I’ve …………. in my neck. d He says he’s got a high …………. . e She’s got a …………. arm. They’ve put it …………. . f He’s got …………. . I think he eats too much …………. food.
Utilizando los verbos del recuadro, escribe lo que dicen los personajes. Puede haber más de una respuesta posible. What’s the matter?
1
2
have got
3
cut his
3
hurt
4
twist
sprain
5
6
7
break
Example: I’ve got a headache. / My head hurts.
4 ………………………………………….........….
1………………………………………….........….
5 ………………………………………….........….
2 ………………………………………….........….
6 ………………………………………….........….
3 ………………………………………….........….
7 ………………………………………….........….
Rellena los huecos con las palabras del recuadro y relaciona las preguntas con sus respuestas. appointment cut healthy feel hard have got a painkillers sleeping pills put on room suffer from do What should you do if you…? 1 …….............. insomnia?
.....
2 …….............. toothache? .....
b ….. a bandage and go to the emergency …… .
3 …….............. stressed?
c A doctor will give you a prescription for some ……. .
.....
4 …….............. your finger? ..... 4
a Take some ….. and make an ….. with the dentist.
d ….. lots of exercise, eat …… food and don’t work too ……. .
Lee las notas del doctor y escribe los diálogos. SYMPTOMS: feels terrible – a temperature sore throat DIAGNOSIS: an infection TREATMENT: prescription: antibiotics; bed & liquids
Patient: ………………………………………… Doctor: ………………………………………… Patient: ………………………………………... Doctor: …………………………………………
THAT’S ENGLISH!
SYMPTOMS: doesn’t feel well – sore stomach / headache - can’t sleep DIAGNOSIS: stressed TREATMENT: don’t work so hard
Patient: ......................................................... Doctor: ......................................................... Patient: ......................................................... Doctor: .........................................................
13
Travelling by plane and by train Travelling
A
Joanne went on holiday to France last summer. She started planning well in advance. First she decided on her destination – Paris.Then she looked at all the flight schedules and the train timetables. The plane was faster, so she booked a single ticket. She didn’t buy a return ticket because she didn’t know when she was coming back. She checked in online, printed her boarding pass and then just dropped off her checked baggage at the airport. She was very careful because airlines charge a lot for overweight baggage. Then she boarded the plane and waited for take off.
s s
B
!LGUNAS PALABRAS SON DIFERENTES EN INGLÏS BRITÉNICO Y AMERICANO single ticket (AmE one-way ticket), return ticket (AmE round ticket), holiday (AmE vacation) To travel, a journey, a trip Travel is usually a verb. I prefer travelling by train. I’m afraid of flying. A journey is the act of travelling from one place to another. The journey from Madrid to Barcelona takes about six hours by bus. How was your journey? A trip refers to a journey plus a visit and the journey back. Why don’t we take a day trip to Salamanca?
Travelling by plane
business class
delayed check-in desk
suitcase
hand luggage
trolley
on time
window seat C
Travelling by train
railway station
platform
(AmE airplane)
aisle
to take off
baggage reclaim (AmE baggage claim)
luggage compartment
timetable
direct train
ticket office
How much is the fare to Paris?
To travel from Belfast to Bangor, most people take the train. The journey takes about 35 minutes. You leave from Great Victoria Street station. You don’t have to change trains. Trains leave about every twenty minutes.
sleeping carriage
(AmE sleeping car/ sleeper)
14
plane
(AmE restroom)
first class
boarding pass
to land
lavatory / toilet
fasten your seat belt
flight
speedy boarding
economy class
carriage
(AmE car)
travel card
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises Completa el crucigrama con las palabras que faltan en las frases.
1
1 1 4
Across 1 We need to check the flight ……… before the trip. 2 Sorry we’re late. Our flight was ……… . 5 At Heathrow Airport, planes ……… every two minutes. 6 When we got to the boarding ……… there were a lot of people waiting. 7 The flight attendant asked her to put her ……… ……… in the luggage compartment. Down 1 You get on the plane quickly if you pay for ……… ……… . 3 When planes ……… ……… passengers have to fasten their seat belts. 4 I hate waiting for my luggage at …… …… . I always think it’s not going to arrive!
S
B 3
2
D
T 5
6
,
G
7
2
H
Encuentra las palabras del inglés británico o americano y colócalas junto a la bandera correspondiente. leroundticketholid aycarria erestroom toiletcarvacationone-w returnsing g ay 1 ………………..…….. 2 ………………..…….. 3 ……………………… 4 ……………………… 5 ………………………
3
6 ………………..…….. 7 ………………..…….. 8 ………………..…….. 9 ………………..…….. 10 ………………..……..
Relaciona las imágenes con las frases y escríbelas correctamente, sustituyendo las palabras erróneas. a
b
c
d
e
f
1 You should book an aisle seat if you want to look out of the window. ……………………...…..… 2 You can walk around when the plane is taking off. ………………………………………………....… 3 You should keep your hand luggage on your knee. ……………………………………………......… 4 Economy class is the most expensive. ………………………………………….........................…….. 5 You have to show your ticket when you get on the plane. ……………………………...…………… 6 You have to pay extra if you have hand luggage. …………………………………………….…..…… 4
Completa el texto con las palabras adecuadas. direct timetable
train station take(2) journey ticket office sleeping carriage / sleeping car / sleeper trains
James went to the (1) ........... because he wanted to (2) ........... a train to Edinburgh. He looked at the train (3) ........... to see what time the trains left. Then he went to the (4) ........... to buy a ticket. He didn’t want to change (5) ........... so he asked for the (6) ........... train. It travelled at night so he bought a ticket for the (7) ........... to get some sleep. The (8) ........... was going to (9) ........... seven hours.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
15
Clothes A
Accessories
Clothes and accessories
sweater/ jumper
shorts
Casu al we ar
sweatshirt T-shirt
Swim wear swimming trunks
tracksuit
we al m r Fo
Wo m
trousers
(AmE vest)
suit
en’ s ite
raincoat
ms
overcoat
cap
r ea
handbag
blouse
ear erw
hat tie
waistcoat
shirt
tw
Und
belt
ar
o Fo
ries esso c c A
denim jeans
denim jacket
woollen cardigan
CLOTHES/ ACCESSORIES
bikini
leather jacket
top
skirt
dress
sandals
gloves scarf
earrings
trainers
boots
(AmE sneakers)
necklace slippers
high-heeled shoes
sport shoes
pyjamas
woollen scarf
silk scarf
(AmE pajamas)
tights bra
B
Useful expressions Is this big enough? Don’t I look too thin?
knickers
(AmE panties)
underpants
vest
(AmE undershirt)
socks
Too thin? No way. You’re slim and tall. You look wonderful. Just amazing!
I’d like something casual, not formal or old-fashioned.
Sure. How much would you like to spend on it?
Those jeans are great. They are superb!
This shirt is too tight for me. I am well built. Do you have a bigger one?
I’m looking for a short skirt in a dark colour.
This is extra large. I’m quite short and not too fat, just average in weight. Have you got a smaller size?
16
You’re right. It doesn’t fit. Do you need small or medium?
Try this on. You’ve got long dark hair and big brown eyes. I think a long skirt in a light colour would suit you better. You’re tall enough to wear it.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
1 ...........
Escribe los nombres de las prendas.
10 ........... 2 ...........
9 ...........
3 ...........
5 ...........
4 ........... 2
7 ...........
8 ...........
Relaciona las prendas con las situaciones. 1 a wedding
2 an informal party
high-heeled shoes ............ trainers ............ denim jacket ............ 3
6 ...........
3 in the rain
suit ............ cap ............ hat ............
4 at home
tie ............ top ............ pyjamas ............
5 in the gym
raincoat ............ tracksuit ............ slippers ............
Relaciona las imágenes con los textos. Después, completa los huecos marcados (___) utilizando las palabras de la actividad 2 y los marcados (.....) con palabras del recuadro. 1
2
average
earrings
gloves
3
look
necklace
4
overcoat
slim
tight
woollen jumper
Julie: When I go out, I like wearing casual clothes, a _______ and a sweater with jeans and perhaps a _______ . I usually wear some ………… too. Janet: I don’t have to wear a _______ to work but I need to ………… smart. I usually wear a skirt with a nice blouse and a jacket. I can wear ………… clothes, because I’m ………… , but I’m not very tall, so I wear _______ . I always wear a ………… too. John: It gets very cold here in winter, so I always sleep with warm _______ . At the moment I’m wearing a ………… , trousers, thick socks, boots, an ………… , a scarf, ………… and a _______ , and I’m still cold! Janice: I’m ………… in weight and height, but I’m really strong and sporty. I often wear a T-shirt with a _______ on top, and _______ . I often have a baseball _______ on my head! 4
Completa los diálogos con las palabras del recuadro. reduced medium suits lighter casual wonderful changing-room old-fashioned fit
Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: ... Assistant: Jill: Assistant:
I’m looking for a (1) ………… top. Nothing formal. What about this? No, it’s very (2) ………… . My mother has a top like that! This one is nice. Mm, yes… but it’s very dark. Do you have it in a (3) ………… colour? Here you are. It doesn’t (4) ………… . It’s extra large! 7HAT SIZE DO YOU WANT SMALL OR …………? I don’t know. I’ll try them both. OK, the (6) ………… is over there… You look (7) …………! It really (8) ………… you! Is it expensive? No, it’s (9) ………… . There’s 30% off.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
17
Personal details A
Personality
Personal details
Two people who live together are a couple.
Behaviour
Marital status
If you are not married, you are single.
If you have a If your marriage If your husband wife or husband, breaks up (ends), or wife dies, you you are married. you are divorced are widowed*. or separated.
Age
Job
Parent: mother / father A single parent takes care of a child alone. (*) a widow = woman a widower = man
If you are between 45 and 65 years A pensioner has of age, you are middle-aged. retired from work. B
Personality
A helpful person assists others (≠unhelpful).
A polite person has good manners (≠rude / bad manners). C
A loyal friend / worker An anxious person is shows constant always worried and support (≠disloyal). tense (≠relaxed).
A quiet person is reserved (≠noisy).
An outgoing person is friendly, socially confident and enjoys being with people (≠shy).
A hard-working person works a lot (≠lazy).
A patient person doesn’t mind waiting (≠impatient).
A kind person has a considerate personality (≠unkind).
A sensitive person understands other people’s feelings or is easily hurt or offended (≠insensitive).
Behaviour
apologise say hello and goodbye / be polite
Being a good neighbour
help each other do jobs for other people / be kind
18
If you don’t have a job at the moment, you are unemployed.
socialise / be outgoing
be sociable / get on well with your neighbours
argue a lot / shout at people
have wild parties / play loud music
make a lot of noise
Being a bad neighbour
complain about your neighbours
have a bad relationship with your neighbours / be unsociable
be rude
stay out late
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las oraciones con las palabras del recuadro. divorced
1 2 3 4 5 6 2
marital status
married
couple
single
Terry has been .............. since he broke up with Gloria. Janet and John make a lovely .............. . Cynthia and Phil got .............. after their marriage didn’t work. Keith and Norma are happily .............. . My granddad lived to an old .............. . You usually give your .............. .............. when you fill in an official form.
Sustituye los errores subrayados por las palabras correctas. 1 Mary is a widower. 2 Pat lost her job two weeks ago. She’s retired. 3 My dad is 50. He is a teenager. 4 My mum is single. She retired last year. 5 My dad is a couple who cares for his children alone.
3
…………………………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………………………… …………………………………………… ……………………………………………
Escribe los opuestos de los siguientes adjetivos. 1 2 polite 3 .............. 4 helpful 5 ..............
4
age
LAZY .............. unkind .............. unfriendly
6 .............. 7 .............. 8 patient 9 .............. 10 loyal
unsociable noisy .............. shy ..............
Completa los diálogos. 1 A: My children are very .............. . I always have to tell them to be quiet. B: Mine aren’t. They have very .............. .............. with strangers. 2 A: I’m really .............. at weekends. I don’t do anything! B: You should get a hobby. 3 A: My wife is very .............. . She loves to meet friends. B: Mine isn’t. She’s .............. , but I don’t mind. We’re happy. 4 A: Thanks a lot, Sue. You’re always so .............. when I have a problem. B: Don’t mention it! That’s what friends are for! 5 A: My sister is never .............. . She worries about everything. B: That’s her problem. If she’s so .............. , you can’t really do anything about it.
5
Vives en el número 17. Escribe frases sobre tus vecinos.
My neighbours are very different. At number 15, the children are very noisy. They ........................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... At number 19, ............................................................................................................................................ .....................................................................................................................................................................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
19
Bad habits A
Plans and arrangements
Intentions and resolutions
Bad habits
bite your nails
smoke
watch TV late at night
use bad language / swear
gossip
eat fatty foods
use your mobile phone all the time
arrive late for meetings
be rude
s /BSERVA ALGUNOS VERBOS QUE SE USAN PARA HABLAR DE HÉBITOS 5SAMOS spend y waste para dinero y tiempo. Waste TIENE UNA CONNOTACIØN NEGATIVA DESPERDICIAR malgastar). June spends a lot of time talking on the phone. I usually spend a lot of money on holiday. He is wasting his time watching so much TV. He wastes his money on expensive clothes. s #ON stop o give up nos referimos al cese de una mala costumbre: He stopped biting his nails. She gave up smoking on 1st January. B
C
Plans and arrangements go to the optician’s
have dinner with friends
sit an exam
go to the hairdresser’s
go to the beauty parlour
take a driving test
visit someone in hospital
go to a funeral
pick the children up from school
Talking about intentions and resolutions Many people like to make a resolution at New Year. Some people decide they are going to give up smoking, for example. Others say that they are going to take up exercise. However, it isn’t usually easy to keep these resolutions. In fact, most people break their New Year’s resolution well before Easter!
I’m going to go on a diet and lose weight!
I’m going to change my look and grow a beard!
s /BSERVA LOS VERBOS Y FRASES QUE UTILIZAMOS PARA HABLAR SOBRE INTENCIONES book a hotel, a holiday, a ticket catch a train, a bus, plane change jobs, your look, your lifestyle get married, divorced get a divorce, a new job, a haircut, a pet, your driving license go on a trip, a cruise, a journey, holiday, a diet
20
grow a moustache, a beard, your hair long lose weight move to a bigger flat, a different town, another country start your own business, a family take part in a race or any other kind of event take up a new hobby, a sport
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Paul es estudiante. Completa el correo electrónico que escribe a sus padres. Dear Mum and Dad, Things here aren’t what I expected! My flatmates are very difficult. Maria never stops (1) ................ and the flat smells of cigarettes. John (2) ................ every night. He doesn’t turn it off until 3 o’clock in the morning. Colin is horrible. He (3) ................ about people behind their backs and (4) ................ a lot. You know I don’t like bad language! The food is terrible too. I’m (5) ................ and putting on weight. Also, I’m (6) ................ on books for the course. They’re really expensive. I hope I’m not (7) ................ my time studying. Three years is a long time. Love,
biting smoking watches TV gossips eating fatty foods wasting spending a lot of money swears
Paul PS The only good news – I’ve stopped (8) ................ my nails!
2
Completa el texto con los planes de Julie para la próxima semana. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
On Monday morning, Julie is going to the (1) ............ She’s (2) ............ in the evening. On Tuesday, she’s going to the (3) ............ in the morning and then she’s (4) ............ from school. On Wednesday, she has to (5) ............ . On Thursday her friend Amy is (6) ............ and Julie is going with her. After that they are planning to go to a (7) ............ On Friday, her son has to (8) ............ so Julie will take him to the cinema after that. 3
Completa las frases con la forma apropiada de los verbos del recuadro. start
get
catch
move to
1 I’m ............ a marathon this weekend. 2 I have to ............ a train to Paris tonight. 3 John wants to ............ a bigger flat. 4 My husband is ............ a new job tomorrow. 4
grow
take part in
5 I’m ............ a haircut this afternoon. 6 Bob is ............ a beard as soon as he starts his holidays.
Relaciona los verbos con las expresiones y después escribe frases sobre los planes de estas personas para los próximos doce meses. ... 1 take up a another country / a different town / a new part of town ... 2 get b my hair long / a moustache / a beard ... 3 go on c a new job / a new car / a new boyfriend / a new girlfriend ... 4 move to d karate / running / photography ... 5 grow e holiday / a cruise / a yoga retreat Example: Kate – running / a new part of town / a new boyfriend. Kate is going to take up running. She’s going to move to a new part of town, and she’s going to get a new boyfriend. 1 Jane – another country / a new job / her hair long ............................................................................ 2 Paul – photography / a beard / go on a yoga retreat .......................................................................... 3 Dan – a moustache / holiday / a new car ............................................................................................. 4 ,ESLEY n KARATE HER HAIR LONG A CRUISE ..............................................................................................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
21
Personal biography and life achievements A
Personal achievements
be born
grow up
make (new) friends
have a girlfriend
fall in love
get married start a family / have children
bring up children
separate / get divorced
Places to live Most young people nowadays can’t afford to buy their own house, so they rent a room or a flat. ,ATER IF THEY ARE LUCKY THEY CAN own a house. For many people, the dream is to move to a bigger house in the suburbs, or perhaps even to live abroad. Of course, there are people who prefer the simple life, living on a farm in the countryside. B
Professional achievements get a (university) degree / graduate from university have a career in journalism / teaching
Education
start / run your own business
join a company / the army
get a job
do charity work
Work get a professional qualification from a vocational college
do a master’s degree C
work abroad get promoted
work as a pilot / an engineer
Dreams and ambitions start a fashion blog
retire
win a cup / a medal
climb a mountain
WIN A PRIZE an award write your memoirs
walk across a continent / a desert
Sport become / be a celebrity
Culture and media
play for Arsenal
compete in / take part in the Olympics
write a bestseller
record an album
appear in a music VIDEO A MAGAZINE on a TV talk show
run a marathon / a 100 metre race
stay in a five-star hotel / a youth hostel / a seaside resort / a ski resort
live / stay with a host family
Travel
learn a foreign language
spend a holiday in … fly abroad
22
meet foreign people / foreigners
fly / drive / travel to ...
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Forma expresiones con los elementos de cada recuadro para completar las frases. Utiliza los verbos en la forma adecuada. 1 buy
5 get
2 start
6 fall
3 move to
7 live
4 bring up
8 make
a a bigger house / the suburbs b children c a family d your own house / flat
e friends f abroad / on a farm g in love h married / divorced
1 We got tired of living in the city. We’re ......................... now. We love it. 2 I knew as soon as I saw her that I was going to ......................... . 3 The marriage didn’t work out so they ......................... last year. 4 The bank gave Jake and Pam a mortgage so now they’re ......................... . 5 People are very friendly here. We’re going to lots of parties and ......................... all the time. 6 ......................... can be very tiring - it’s nice when they grow up. 7 The Joneses are selling their house. They’re ......................... in the suburbs. 8 Kate and Don moved to the country because they want to ......................... . They think it will be better for the children. 2
Estas personas están muy orgullosas de sus logros. Escribe lo que han conseguido. 1
Jemima
2
Paul & Haley
3
,OUISE
4
Joanne
Example: Jemima has won an Oscar. 1 Paul and Haley ................................................ 2 ,OUISE .............................................................. 3 Joanne ............................................................. 3
5
Jo & Adele
4 5 6 7
6
Richard
7
Grace
The Ravers
Jo and Adele ......................................................... Richard .................................................................. Grace ..................................................................... The Ravers ............................................................
Completa el texto con la forma correcta de los verbos del recuadro. compete
take
meet
join
win
get
start
graduate
leave
I started running seriously when I was at university. I (1) ............. part in a lot of races and (2) ............. QUITE A FEW MEDALS !FTER ) ) CONTINUED TO IN LOCAL EVENTS 5NFORTUNATELY ) got injured and had to stop. I (5) ............. a sports company and (6) ............. promoted after a year. However, I wanted to (7) ............. my own business so I (8) ............. the company. That was a big year for me because I (9) ............. my future wife then too! 4
Relaciona los personajes con sus logros y escribe frases con los verbos adecuados. 1 J. K. Rowling 2 Alfredo di Stefano 3 Steve Jobs
4 5SAIN "OLT 5 The Beatles 6 #HARLES ,INDBERG
a Apple Computer b Hey Jude in 1968 c the Atlantic in 1927
d Real Madrid e Harry Potter f THE ,ONDON /LYMPICS
Example: J. K. Rowling wrote Harry Potter. 1 Alfredo di Stefano ................................................................................................................................. 2 Steve Jobs ............................................................................................................................................. 3 5SAIN "OLT .............................................................................................................................................. 4 The Beatles ............................................................................................................................................ 5 #HARLES ,INDENBERG ...............................................................................................................................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
23
Job hunting (working conditions, looking for a job, a CV, a job interview) A
Working conditions
This is my boss. These are my workmates.
s s s s s s
A full-time job is one that occupies all your working time. ! part-time job is only for a smaller number of hours every day. 9OUR working hours are the hours you spend at your job. ! nine-to-five job is a full-time job with fixed working hours. 9OU WORK long hours if you work more than eight hours a day. Teleworking is working on the phone, via the Internet or teleconferencing etc., usually from home. s )F YOU ARE NOT WELL YOU CAN TAKE sick leave. B
Looking for a job
John has been job hunting for several months.
The other day he saw a job advert in the newspaper. He decided to apply for the job.
John sent his CV and a covering letter. He also sent details of two referees: one of his university lecturers and his first boss.
The company invited John to come to a job interview. There were several applicants.
The interviewer asked him lots of questions and gave him information about the salary.
Now John earns a low wage working in a bar. He is quite lucky, though. Some of his workmates are working for an hourly rate.
a covering letter = a letter explaining why a person wants the job a referee (AmE references) = a person who provides a personal recommendation
the amount of money that a person earns is: C
A CV
D
PERSONAL DETAILS
Name: Jo Hart Nationality: British
Date of birth: 10 January, 1990 Address: 23 Runners Ave, Manchester MA5, 2CD
Phone: 536998201
Email:
[email protected]
EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS
2000 – 2008 Manchester Academy (8 GCSE’s) 7AITERING #ERTIFICATE 5+ 7AITERS )NSTITUTE LANGUAGES
English (fluent); basic Italian EMPLOYMENT AND WORK EXPERIENCE
2009 – 2011 n n PRESENT
- a salary (in a year) - a wage (in a week) - an hourly rate (in an hour)
Waiter and barman, Crown Jewels Bar and Restaurant 7AITER ,UIGIS 2ESTAURANT 7AITER *IMMYS 0IZZAS
OTHER SKILLS, INTERESTS AND HOBBIES
Word processing and spreadsheets (user level) Football (playing and watching), meeting friends, walking in the mountains Clean driver’s licence
A job interview !LGUNAS PREGUNTAS TÓPICAS EN UNA entrevista: Why do you want to work for us? Do you have any work experience? What are you good at? What are some of your bad points? Do you prefer working alone or in a team? What is your greatest achievement? What are your interests? Do you want to ask anything about the job?
Yes, when are the holidays?
!!!
PERSONAL GOALS
I would like to become the manager of a restaurant or bar.
24
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
2
Completa el crucigrama.
W 3
Across 3 Working on the telephone from home. 5 Work for more than eight hours a day. 8 Person in charge. 9 Work for a limited number of hours every day. Down 1 Full-time job with fixed working hours. 2 The hours you spend at your job. 4 Work that occupies all your working time. 6 Time spent at home when you are not well. 7 People I work with.
2
4
N
T 4
F 7
5
W 8
B
9
P
6
,
S
Completa cada párrafo con las palabras de uno de los recuadros. 1 I was (a) ............ last week and saw a (b) ............ . I sent my (c) ............ to the (d) ............ and waited for a reply.
3
1
holidays salary interviewer
2 We received an (a) ............ yesterday with a very good (b) ............ . We contacted the (c) ............ and then called the (d) ............ in for a (e) ............ .
covering letter application job interview applicant referees
3 The (a) ............ asked the applicant a lot of questions. The applicant only wanted to know about the (b) ............ and the (c) ............ . He didn’t get the job!
job hunting CV Human Resources Department job advert
Escribe los encabezamientos para las secciones del CV y utiliza las palabras para completar los datos que faltan. 1
: Mr Barry Holden, ___, ____
2
+INGS #OLLEGE ,EEDS 5NIVERSITY ??? (ONS
3
: _____, French (basic)
4
: _____ Ford cars 2010 __ 2012
5
: _____, tennis
6
: to ____ Italian
BA cooking learn married salesman to Spanish 33
Escribe las preguntas con las pautas dadas. Luego, relaciónalas con las respuestas. 1 Why / you / want / work for us? …………………………………………………………………… 2 You / any work experience? …………………………………………………………………… 3 What / you / good at? …………………………………………………………………… 4 What / your bad points? …………………………………………………………………… 5 working alone or in a team? …………………………………………………………………… 6 What / your greatest achievement? …………………………………………………………………… 7 What / your interests? ……………………………………………………………………
THAT’S ENGLISH!
a I like working in a team because it is more dynamic, creative and productive. b I’m very good at organising. c I enjoy reading and going to the cinema. I also like playing tennis. d Because you are a serious and reliable company. e Sometimes I’m a little impatient. f I once walked fifty miles for charity. I’m very proud of that. g Yes, I’ve worked in a hotel.
25
YOU CAN … / YOU MAY …
YOU MUSTN’T… / YOU CAN’T…
YOU MUST… / YOU HAVE TO…
Family rules
Leisure activities
go to bed early
do your homework on time
do housework
help with the shopping
be clean and organised
go to bed late
play computer games all day
talk to friends online after 10 p.m.
play truant from school
play loud music in your room
drink alcohol in your room
go out late / hang out with friends late at night
make a mess in the kitchen
go clubbing once a week
go to the gym
I get on with my parents. I talk about my problems. My dad often gives me advice. My parents trust me.
go cycling / go for a bike ride
Our children are well-behaved and polite.
eat out
stay in on Saturday night
I argue with my parents. My parents complain about my friends, my clothes, everything. My parents don’t trust me!
chat with friends online
Our children are rebellious and rude. We can never discuss problems in a friendly way. They don’t listen to us!
get on with sb: have a good relationship with sb trust sb: have confidence in a person give sb advice: be helpful and tell sb what to do
argue: disagree, usually by talking angrily complain about sth: say that you are not satisfied with sth discuss sth: talk about sth (in a friendly way)
well-behaved: following the rules polite: respectful with people
rebellious: breaking the rules rude: disrespectful, not polite
sb = somebody
26
sth = something
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa el texto con las expresiones del recuadro. play loud music drink alcohol
go to bed be clean and organised
do your homework play truant from school
Welcome to your new host family. We have a few simple rules here. You must (1) .............. early - no later than 10 o’clock. And during the week you must (2) .............. every day; we are responsible to your school for that. Of course, it’s also very important not to (3) .............. - you are here to learn as well as to have fun. In your room, remember to (4) .............. - we don’t like dirty rooms. You mustn’t (5) .............., but you can go to cafés if you want. And please don’t (6) .............. - it disturbs the rest of the family. 2
Escribe normas para adolescentes utilizando una expresión de cada columna y must, can o mustn’t. hang out with friends play computer games finish your homework keep your clothes go for bike rides go to bed
3
at the weekends in the countryside late at night in your wardrobe after 11 before you watch TV
1 ........................................................... 2 ........................................................... 3 ........................................................... 4 ........................................................... 5 ........................................................... 6 ...........................................................
Forma expresiones emparejando elementos de cada recuadro. Después sustituye con ellas las partes subrayadas de las frases. Cambia la forma del verbo (afirmativa / negativa) si es necesario. 1 do
2 help
3 make
(a) with the shopping (e) a mess in the kitchen
4 go
(b) out late (f) truant
5 be
6 hang
7 play
(c) out with friends (g) housework
8 stay
(d) in (h) very tidy
Example: Jenny didn’t go out last night. Jenny stayed in last night. 1 Will likes to spend time with friends at the weekends. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 2 When his mother is tired, Nick sometimes does the shopping. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 3 George hates school. He often doesn’t go to class. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 4 Veronica doesn’t come home early on Sunday nights, so she’s always tired on Mondays. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 5 John is very organised – he always knows where everything is. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 6 The baby made the kitchen very dirty – her milk was all over the floor. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 7 I’m going to do jobs around the house next Saturday morning. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 4
Completa el diálogo con las expresiones del recuadro. trust me don't have argue rude complain about gives me a lot of advice well behaved discuss
Sean: Do you get on with your parents, Emma? Emma: Yes, I do. I (1) ................ any problems with them. They say I’m very (2) ................ . But my mum worries about me. She (3) ................ ! Sean: What about you, Jake? Jake: No, I don’t! We (4) ................ about everything. They don’t (5) ................! I can never (6) ................ my problems with them. They always (7) ................ my behaviour. And they say I’m (8) ................ .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
27
Advertising an advertisement /ədvɜːtɪsmənt/ an item of publicity for a product or service (short form: ad / advert)
ADVERTISING /ædvətaɪzɪŋ/ the business of selling products or services by advertisements
brand
to advertise /ædvətaɪz/ to use advertisements to sell products or services
an advertiser /ædvətaɪzə/ a person or organisation that advertises I organise advertising campaigns.
jingle
TV commercial
slogan
Advertising campaigns to pro mote new products can be informative or entertaining. They can be annoying or the y can make you laugh. But they must make peo ple pay attention! annoying - irritating entertaining - fun and enjoyable informative - giving information make you laugh - be funny pay attention - notice promote - advertise
28
advertising manager
That’s a catchy jingle!
catchy – easy to remember
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con las palabras. ad
advertisers
advertise
advertising
advertisements
Some marketing tips First of all, if you want to sell your product, you have to (1) .............. it. (2) .............. campaigns are expensive, so (3) .............. have to make sure to get their campaigns right. What are the characteristics of a good (4) ..............? Well, it needs to be memorable. People remember (5) .............. that make them laugh. 2
3
Escribe la palabra adecuada para cada definición. 1 A person who organises campaigns .................
4 A tune that advertises something .................
2 An ad on TV
.................
5 Memorable
.................
3 A phrase that sells a product
.................
6 Special or unique
.................
Vuelve a escribir las frases, sustituyendo las palabras y expresiones subrayadas por las que aparecen a continuación. pay attention to
is very informative
entertaining
promoting
1 I really like the new campaign. It gives a lot of information. 2 I saw a great TV commercial. It was amusing. 3 I like chocolate commercials. They are so humorous. 4 They are advertising a new electric car in the papers today. 5 I find perfume ads really irritating. 6 That ad is amazing. It really makes you notice the product. 4
make you laugh
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
Relaciona las ilustraciones con las expresiones. d
c
a
e b 5
annoying
f
1 A catchy slogan 2 An exclusive product 3 A special offer 4 50% off 5 Three for the price of two 6 Well-known brands
..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .....
Completa las conversaciones con las expresiones del recuadro. Después, relaciónalas con los dibujos. entertaining get one free advertising campaign TV commercials come on ‘Come to the Cside.’ that jingle a special offer very catchy, isn’t it? 1 A: Listen to ............. . B: Yes, it’s ............. . 2 A: I’m going to the supermarket. They’ve got ............. . B: Yes, buy two and ............. . 3 A: I always change channels when ............. . B: Do you? I enjoy them. Some of them are very ............. . 4 A: Have you seen the Marina Hotel’s latest .............? B: Is that the one with the stupid slogan? ............. .
THAT’S ENGLISH!
a
b
c
d
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Humour A
Adjectives + prepositions
Word formation
Humour political satire irony
sarcasm
intelligent humour TYPES OF HUMOUR
surreal humour
cruel humour
s Humour can be ironic, sarcastic, cruel or intelligent. s When a situation makes you laugh, it is funny. s Something is humorous when people laugh at it.
black humour
s If you have a sense of humour, you enjoy laughing. s Political satire laughs at politics and politicians. s Black humour laughs at death or illness.
s Observa cómo hablamos de chistes. A joke is a story or anecdote that makes people laugh. Some people are good at telling jokes. The punchline in a joke is the last line. A blue joke is a joke that is rude or obscene. When you play a practical joke on a person, you give them a surprise (often not a very nice one!). Careful - practical joker!
s ,EE LAS DEFINICIONES funny (adj): a joke or a person that makes other people laugh. Peter told a very funny joke. witty (adj): a joke or a person that uses words in a clever and funny way. John always makes witty remarks – he’s really amusing. hilarious (adj): extremely funny. The film was hilarious – no one in the cinema could stop laughing. comedian (n): a person who tells jokes professionally. My favourite comedian is Billy Connelly. sitcom (n): (situation comedy) a television comedy show about people in everyday situations. B
Adjectives + Prepositions s !LGUNOS ADJETIVOS VAN SIEMPRE ACOMPA×ADOS DE UNA MISMA PREPOSICIØN /BSERVA interested in frightened / proud of good at rude to famous for worried / happy / crazy about influenced by s ,AS PREPOSICIONES SIEMPRE VAN SEGUIDAS DE SUSTANTIVO O VERBO EN ing. I’m very interested in writing. Charlie Chaplin was famous for his silent films. My brother is frightened of flying. His girlfriend is crazy about sitcoms. I’m good at playing tennis.
C
Word formation: nouns ending in -tion, -ness, -ment s 0ODEMOS FORMAR NOMBRES A×ADIENDO -tion, -ness o -ment a verbos o adjetivos. Verb + tion: examine – examination, concentrate – concentration Verb + ment: excite – excitement, agree – agreement Adjective + ness: dark – darkness, happy – happiness
30
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Contesta a estas preguntas. 1 What colour do we associate with jokes that are rude or obscene? 2 What do we call a person who makes intelligent jokes? 3 What kind of a joke is sometimes an unpleasant surprise? 4 What is the name for the last line of a joke? 5 What kind of TV programmes show humorous everyday situations? 6 What profession does Rowan Atkinson (Mr Bean) have?
2
............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................
Completa las frases con las palabras y expresiones del recuadro. funny sarcastic sense of humour
humorous black humour
intelligent laugh
1 I don’t enjoy ............... . I can’t laugh about people dying. 2 John thanked Melissa for the wonderful present but he was being ............... . She only gave him a pair of socks. 3 He hasn’t got a ............... . He never laughs at anything! 4 ) DONT KNOW WHY YOU ALWAYS AT 0ETES JOKES ) DONT THINK THEYRE AT ALL 5 The situation was quite ............... . The policeman who stopped Jan yesterday for speeding was her ex-boyfriend! 6 It’s not true that ............... people don’t like blue jokes. My university professor was always telling them! 3
Completa las frases combinando un adjetivo con una preposición.
proud happy good frightened famous interested crazy worried
of about in about at about of for
1 My little brother is ............................. The Simpsons. He’s a real fan. 2 The Saturday Night Live show is ............................. its political satire. 3 My best friend isn’t ............................. hearing any of my jokes! We don’t have the same sense of humour. 4 My friends laugh at me because I’m ............................. spiders. 5 I’m not ............................. my February exam results; I hope to get better marks in June. 6 If you are ............................. a situation, the best thing to do is to look on the funny side. 7 I was really ............................. myself for telling a joke in public. 8 My son is really ............................. tennis. He may become a professional player soon. 4
Escribe las frases con la forma correcta de las palabras entre paréntesis. 1 Candidates must pass a medical (examine) to work for this company. ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 There was a lot of (excite) in the audience as they waited for the comedy show to start. ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 The spotlight fell on the presenter. The rest of the stage was in (dark). ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 The comedian was terrible. He lost his (concentrate) several times and missed the punchlines. ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 The meeting was long but we finally reached an (agree) that satisfied everyone. .................................................................................................................................................................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
31
Musical styles and instruments A
Musical styles rock ‘n’ roll
jazz
punk
reggae
heavy metal
country
rap
classical
opera
I don’t like rock. I prefer soul, rhythm & blues and blues.
I like dance music. My favourites are pop, funk, techno, hip hop and electronic.
B
flamenco
I prefer more traditional music like opera or folk.
Creating, performing and listening to music drums drummer
bass bass player INSTRUMENTS and MUSICIANS
guitar / electric guitar - guitarist / guitar player violin - violinist / violin player
saxophone saxophonist / saxophone player
composers write music give a concert / play live record an album bands and singers… go on tour
piano - pianist / piano player
songwriters and composers
keyboards keyboard player
songwriters write song lyrics
MUSIC JOBS orchestras play…
mp3 player
CD – CD player
on a / an GADGETS You listen to music …
film soundtracks through
classical music
headphones
loudspeakers
A songwriter writes song lyrics and a composer writes music. Film soundtracks are often played by an orchestra. Most people don’t use CDs or CD players now. They download songs from the Internet and listen to them on an mp3 player or on their iPod. You often see people listening through their headphones in public. At home, they usually have loudspeakers.
32
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises Completa el crucigrama con estilos musicales.
1
Across
2 1 3
0
0
J 5
1 This style got its name from the word ‘popular’.
4
S
F
5 This is a unique Spanish style.
6
7 This Afro-American style inspired many rock musicians.
O
8 This style originally came from Jamaica. 7
9 This style is associated with cowboys.
B
Down
8 8
9
2 This was an aggressive style, popular in the 1970s.
R
3 Louis Armstrong was a great ........... musician. 4 Aretha Franklin sings in this style.
C
6 0LÉCIDO $OMINGO IS AN SINGER 8 The Rolling Stones are one of the greatest ........... bands of all time.
2
Completa las frases. 1
3
2
6
4
5
1 The band has a really good ........................ .
7
8
2 Dave is a really good classical ........................ . 3 I have always wanted to be a ........................ . 4 Nick is a fantastic ........................ . 5 A jazz band needs a really good ........................ . 6 Their rock and roll band has a very young ........................ . 7 I love listening to Frankie. He’s a brilliant ........................ . 8 My dad is the ........................ in his local church orchestra. 3
Contesta a las preguntas. 1 Who is a person who composes music? ............................................................................................ 2 What is the music on films called? ...................................................................................................... 3 What do you wear to listen to music? ................................................................................................. 4 What has replaced CDs? ....................................................................................................................... 5 What do we call the large boxes that transmit music at concerts? ................................................... 6 What do you call a group of musicians that play classical music? ..................................................
4
Completa las frases con la palabra adecuada del recuadro. album
band lyrics music tour downloaded SONGWRITER I0OD CONCERTS LIVE
My favourite boy (1) ......... , One Direction, has recorded a new (2) ......... and (3) ......... video. They are going on (4) ......... in the US! They are giving a lot of (5) ......... so their fans will be able to hear them playing (6) ........ music. I love the (7) ........ of their songs. They have a really talented (8) ........ . I have (9) ......... all their songs onto my (10) ......... , paying of course!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
33
Traditions, festivals and public holidays A
Festivals
cultural
religious music
harvest
FESTIVALS
local
s #HRISTMAS IS A religious festival and Glastonbury is a music festival. The Hay Festival of Literature and Arts is a cultural festival held in Wales. s Harvest festivals are still common in farming areas; there’s lots of food, contests, music and dancing. an annual / a monthly event a public holiday a religious event a bank holiday
special events and occasions
a holiday a National Day
a sporting event
Cheese rolling is a traditional annual event that takes place / is held near Gloucester every spring. Wimbledon is one of the most famous sporting events in the world. Our wedding anniversary is a special occasion for our family. We all get together to celebrate. Tomorrow is a holiday IN )RELAND ITS 3T 0ATRICKS $AY A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom. All businesses close on a bank holiday. A long weekend is when a public holiday falls on a Monday or a Friday. COUNTRY
PATRON SAINT
NATIONAL DAY
Wales
St David
March 1
A normal working day
Scotland
St Andrew
November 30
A public holiday
England
St George
April 23
A normal working day
Ireland
St Patrick
March 17
A public holiday
St David is the patron saint of Wales. The national day of Wales is St David’s Day, on March 1st. St David’s Day is a normal working day in Wales.
B
Celebrations
a parade
34
On Mother’s Day you send a card, flowers or chocolates to your mother. At a carnival, people dress up.They wear fancy costumes. On Bonfire Night, people light a bonfire and watch fireworks. On Thanksgiving, Americans cook a special dinner with turkey. On Shrove Tuesday, people make pancakes. That’s why ITS ALSO CALLED 0ANCAKE $AY At Christmas, people put up decorations and give presents. At Easter they eat chocolate Easter eggs. On New Year’s Eve, people usually have a party. On April Fool’s Day, people play games and tricks on other people.
a carnival
a street party
a bonfire
fireworks
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Encuentra ocho palabras en el dibujo. par
fire
pres
cost
deco
bon
car
pan
ents
umes
fires
ades
cakes
rations
works
nival
1 ....... 2
2 .......
3 .......
4 .......
5 .......
6 .......
7 .......
8 .......
Completa las frases con las palabras del ejercicio anterior. 1 0EOPLE EAT ON 3HROVE4UESDAY 2 0EOPLE IN "RITAIN LIGHT AND MAKE ON .OVEMBER 3 Notting Hill is a very famous ............... in London. 4 It’s always nice to get ............... at Christmas and on your birthday. 5 There are always very colourful ............... on Chinese New Year. 6 Children usually enjoy putting up ............... at Christmas. 7 At the carnival in Venice, some people wear beautiful fancy ............... .
3
Completa las definiciones con estas palabras y relaciónalas con los eventos. 1 A music ........
a) The FA Cup Final
2 A beer ........ 3 An annual sporting ........ 4 A celebration of Scottish ........ 5 A religious ........ 6 A special occasion for married ........
b) Easter couples culture event fathers festival (x3)
c) Father’s Day d) Woodstock e) St Andrew’s Day f) Oktoberfest
7 A special day for ........ 4
Completa el crucigrama.
5
Identifica la celebración y describe lo que hace la gente. Across 6 0EOPLE CELEBRATE THIS IN )RELAND 7 You need to be careful on this day! 8 You eat special food on this day.
g) A wedding anniversary 1
2
T
E 3
6
S
V
4 5
C
H
Down 1 Americans remember the first settlers on this day. 2 This religious festival takes place on a different date every year. 3 This is a special day for people who are in love. 4 An ancient tradition says that this is the night 7 A for witches. 5 The day that Christians celebrate the birth 8 0 of Jesus. Example: children / flowers and chocolates / mothers On Mother’s Day children give flowers and chocolates to their mothers. 1 fireworks / bonfires ........................................................................................................ 2 turkey .............................................................................................................................. 3 games and tricks ............................................................................................................ 4 pancakes ......................................................................................................................... 5 green beer ......................................................................................................................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
35
Sleep and dreams A
Verbs of movement
Sleep and dreams Young children often don’t want to go to bed at their proper bedtime. Teenagers often like to stay up late. Older people sometimes take a nap in the afternoon. But for everybody, it’s important to get a good night’s sleep.
Daddy, I think it’s your bedtime too. You’re snoring.
stay up late
lie awake
be exhausted
feel sleepy
take a nap
get / have a good night’s sleep
fall asleep
I had a pleasant dream last night. I dreamt about my boss.
wake up
Really? What happened? Lucky you! I had a nightmare about my boss.
I dreamt I won the lottery and I never had to see him again!
What was it?
I dreamt about the sea: in my dream I was a fish and my boss was a fisherman!
What a weird dream!
We can dream while we are awake. We call this daydreaming. 0EOPLE WHO WALK IN THEIR SLEEP ARE sleepwalkers. 0EOPLE WHO CANT SLEEP HAVE insomnia and take sleeping pills to help them. When someone is going to bed you can say ‘sweet dreams’. B
Verbs of movement climb drive chase
swing run
crawl jump
36
float walk
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa las frases con las palabras y expresiones del recuadro. feel sleepy lies awake siesta bedtime exhausted fall asleep snoring wake up a good night’s sleep stay up late
nap
1 It’s not my ................. . It’s only 11 o’clock! 2 My wife says she can’t sleep because of my .................! 3 Teenagers like to ................. and watch films on TV. 4 I think I’ll have a quick ................. in the garden. 5 If I have a ................. in the afternoon, I can’t sleep at night. 6 Sheila felt totally refreshed after ................. . 7 I usually ................. on the bus on the way home. 8 0AUL IN BED AT NIGHT BECAUSE HE HAS LOTS OF PROBLEMS 9 I ................. early every morning. 10 If you ................. when you are driving you should stop to rest. 11 I am so ................. I could sleep standing up. 2
Ordena el diálogo entre Sean y Liam escribiendo la letra apropiada. (a) S: Hi Liam. Wow, you look exhausted. (b) S: OK, I see. Well, I had a weird dream too. (c) S: Oh yeah? What was it? (d) S: So what’s so bad about that? (e) S: What happened? (f) 3 ) DREAMT ) WAS THE 0RIME -INISTER 1a
3
2h
3 ....
4 ....
5 ....
6 ....
7 ....
(g) L: I dreamt I was a famous footballer. (h) L: I am. (i) L: I had a nightmare last night. (j) L: That’s not a dream! That’s a nightmare! (k) L: What was your dream? (l) L: I missed a penalty in the final of the Champions! 8 ....
9 ....
10 ....
11 ....
12 ....
Completa los huecos con las palabras y elige la opción correcta para completar las frases. 1 When you ................. , … a) you are sleeping b) you are awake
c) you sleepwalk.
2 0EOPLE TAKE SLEEPING ................. when they … a) are nervous b) have a cold c) can’t sleep. 3 A ................. is a person who … a) walks around while they are asleep b) takes exercise before they sleep c) walks with people to help them sleep. 4 0EOPLE SAY @ ................. dreams’ to someone … a) at bedtime b) before they eat c) after they wake up.
daydream insomnia pills sleepwalker sweet
5 When a person has ................. , he or she … a) is depressed b) can’t sleep c) can’t eat. 4
Completa la historia con las palabras del recuadro. Pon los verbos en el tiempo correcto (present simple, past simple o past continuous). climb
swing jump
run walk
drive
crawl
chase
nap
about
pill
stay
I often have problems to get to sleep, especially when I (1) .............. up late or if I take a long (2) .............. in the afternoon. Sometimes I need to take a sleeping (3) .............. , but then I get nightmares and I dream (4) .............. really weird things. Just last night I dreamt I was a monkey. I (5) .............. out of bed and (6) .............. to the park. I (7) .............. on the grass and I (8) .............. up a tree. I (9) .............. on a gate when a zoo warden (10) .............. into the park. He was carrying a net. He (11) .............. me and finally caught me. We (12) .............. to the zoo in his van when I woke up!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
37
The environment A
Recycling
Environmental issues
Protecting the environment
pick up litter / rubbish*
clean up beaches, woods, parks
plant trees
Environmentally friendly (green) actions turn off lights, computers, machines, TVs
save water, electricity, energy
Non environmentally friendly actions
use public transport
leave on lights, computers, machines, TVs
share cars
*rubbish: waste material (often, household waste)
pollute beaches, woods, parks
drop litter / rubbish
cut down trees
waste water, electricity, energy
litter: rubbish in public places
s ! PERSON WHO PROTECTS THE ENVIRONMENT IS environmentally conscious. s ! MEMBER OF 'REENPEACE IS AN environmentalist; an ecologist is a scientist who studies ecosystems. s #OMPANIES OR PRODUCTS WHICH RESPECT THE ENVIRONMENT OR WHICH DO NOT USE MUCH ENERGY ARE called environmentally friendly, eco-friendly or green. B
Recycling can cardboard box
PAPER
RECYCLING 0,!.4
L
META
tin
newspaper plastic bag
PLASTIC
cartons
GLASS
glass bottle
plastic bottle
C
jar
Environmental issues and disasters Global warming is the increase in average world temperatures. It is due to the greenhouse effect. This causes climate change, which leads to the melting of the glaciers and the rising of sea levels. Environmental issues are becoming more urgent in the world today. Environmentalists organise campaigns to get governments to change their policies.
smoke and carbon emissions
floods
Natural disasters
Pollution sources acid rain
earthquakes
car exhaust fumes hurricanes sewage rubbish
factory waste pesticides
litter
38
drought
Man-made disasters
deforestation
volcanic eruptions oil spills
forest fires the destruction of the ozone layer
famine
overpopulation infertile soil
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Identifica los elementos de la imagen.
1 2
...............
3 ...............
5
8
...............
...............
Une las palabras de las dos columnas para formar expresiones relacionadas con la ecología. Después completa con ellas las frases. A B C D E F G H I J
3
...............
7
............... 4
2
...............
6 ...............
cut down clean up infertile natural environmentally ozone global tropical bottle greenhouse
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)
layer effect trees rainforest bank warming soil conscious disasters beaches
1 Experts say that ...... like forest fires and floods will increase. 2 Authorities in Brazil are trying to protect the ........ , while farmers want to ........ and plant soya and corn. 3 The ........ is caused by an increase in CO2 and other gases. It’s named after the buildings where plants that need warmer temperatures are grown. 4 0LANTS DONT GROW WELL IN 5 It takes a long time to ........ after an oil spill. 6 0EOPLE ARE BECOMING MORE BUT POLITICIANS ARENT doing enough. 7 The hole in the ........ gets bigger every year. 8 The ice in Greenland is melting because of ........ . 9 Recycling glass is easy nowadays. Everyone has a ........ near their home.
Completa el texto con las expresiones y palabras del recuadro. glass alternative drop plant polluted environmentally conscious turn off recycle public transport clean up wasted left on In the past, people didn’t worry about pollution. They (1) .......... lights and (2) .......... water. They (3) .......... beaches and woods when they went on holiday. But nowadays, more and more people are (4) .............. . They (5) .......... lights at home and (6) .......... paper and (7) .......... . They tell their children not to (8) .......... litter on the ground and they sometimes volunteer to (9) .......... parks or (10) .......... trees. They prefer to use (11) .......... energies if possible, and they use (12) .......... when they can.
4
1
Completa el crucigrama.
H
Across 5 ............... is a very serious problem in the Amazon area. 7 Heavy rain can cause a serious ............... . 4 O Down 1 A ............... is a very strong wind. 7 2 A bad ............... burnt many trees near F Valencia last summer. 3 A lot of people die in Africa every year because of ............... . 44HE 0RESTIGE DISASTER IN THE NORTHWEST OF 3PAIN caused a bad ............... . 5 Many people did not have water to drink because of the terrible ............... . 6 We measure the strength of an ............... on the Richter Scale.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
2 5
5
D
3
F
6
F
E
39
Computers and the Internet A
Hardware laptop
0# (personal computer) netbook
tablet
smartphone USB port
photocopier
pen-drive
monitor screen
cursor
icon fax machine speakers scanner
laser printer
portable hard drive
mouse
keyboard
headset
The World Wide Web / The Internet
B
Millions of people connect to the Internet by broadband. They surf the Web and communicate on social network sites in chatrooms or through a web diary or blog. They use websites to read online papers, to buy things, to study, do their banking or for chatting. What’s your email address?
my/
[email protected] (my slash books at sm dot net)
What’s the website address? C
www.grupo-sm.com (www dot grupo dash sm dot com)
Computer and Internet verbs
print
save
open a document
WORKING WITH DOCUMENTS AND FILES
cut and paste
delete
send an email to a friend / email a friend
write attach a document / a file to an email
click on an icon
e-mails
(= emails)
sign up for a blog
40
go online
BEING ONLINE
log off check your mail download / upload photos / videos
chat online
blogs and social networks
blog / write a blog entry
post a message / an image
on a comment wall
Tips for using your computer
log on
in a forum thread
If your computer crashes, take it to an official service centre.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Escribe qué representan las siguientes imágenes. 1
2
...........
2
3
...........
4
...........
5
...........
6
...........
7
...........
8
...........
...........
Utiliza las palabras del recuadro para completar las frases. portable hard drive laser printers icon
laptop headset screen cursor smartphone fax machine USB ports
1 Anne uses a .................... for business when she travels. 2 To send someone a copy of a document, you use a .................... . 3 I have a .................... to back up all the work on my computer. 4 .................... give great quality prints. 5 When I want to open a programme, I just move the .................... and click on the .................... 6 Tom’s computer has 4 .................... . They’re very useful for connecting external devices. 7 My .................... is 17” wide. 8 I use a .................... to speak and listen when I skype. 9 I take my .................... everywhere. I use it to take photos, go on the net, text and even phone people! 3
4
Combina las palabras de A y B para formar diez palabras o expresiones relacionadas con la informática. A
broad go post upload
social web log
switch on email charge
B
a computer a photo band a message
address online network
off site the battery
1 ………………………………………………… 2 ………………………………………………… 3 ………………………………………………… 4 ………………………………………………… 5 ………………………………………………… 6 ………………………………………………… 7 ………………………………………………… 8 ………………………………………………… 9 ………………………………………………… 10 …………………………………………………
Completa los huecos con el verbo adecuado en su forma correcta y escribe en cada recuadro la letra de la parte de la oración que falta. blog
log off
download
go online
save
chat online
crash
open
attach
I work from home, and I’m on the computer most of the time. Every day, the first thing I do is to . Before (2) ................. a document, . It’s funny but sometimes I’m so busy (1) ................. and . But I make sure I often (4) ................. my work, and that I forget to (3) ................. a document . Something I hate is that, from time to time, my computer (5) ................. - when I always do it . If I want to get in touch with friends, I prefer (6) that happens, I get really angry, especially if . I also (7) ................. ................. to using the phone; I don’t really know why, but I just don’t like every day . I love surfing the Internet, but I never (8) ................. films . When do I (9) ................. the Internet? Just before I go to bed! a) to my mail before sending it. b) before I switch off my computer. c) so that my friends know all my news. d) from pirate sites.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
e) I have to wait a lot before I can start it again f) open my email g) making phone calls. h) I always check for viruses
41
Show business: types of entertainment, places, people A
Shows and venues
a cinema a nightclub
(AmE a movie theater)
a film
a theatre
a cabaret a gig
(AmE a movie)
a concert hall
a play a ballet an opera a classical a gig concert a musical
an arena
an opera a rock concert a classical concert a gig
a rock concert a gig
s The place where a public show or public event takes place is a venue. s "IG BANDS OFTEN PLAY IN arenas or sports stadiums. s ! festival is an entertainment event usually lasting two or three days with a variety of performances. s ! gig is a concert, especially playing modern music. B
Theatre and cinema (AmE Theater and movies) Theatre outside
Theatre inside
1 3
2
3
1 2 5
1 a theatre
2 the box office
4 1 costumes 2 the stage 5 a seat in the front row
3 a queue
Artists
3 the curtain
A film set
4
8 1
3
4
5
1
2
5 3
6 7
2
6
8
1 a performer 2 the audience 3 a ballet dancer 4 an opera singer 5 a magician 6 the stage manager 7 stage crew 8 an usher
4 the aisle
7
1 lights 2 the director 3 a make-up artist 4 a stuntman 5 an actor 6 an actress 7 a film star 8 a cameraman
cartoon western
love story Types of film
documentary
science fiction
action thriller C
Actors and the audience
comedy
horror
Theatre actors work hard. They go to auditions. When they get a part, they have to learn their lines. They rehearse the different scenes many times. The day before the play opens, they have the dress rehearsal, when they wear their costumes for the first time. On the opening night they go on stage and play their part in front of the audience. Some people like to listen to music or watch TV in the comfort of their homes. Others prefer to go out for the evening. They go to a live performance or see a play in the theatre. In the interval, a lot of people have a drink or walk around. A good audience will applaud at the end of the show as the actors bow, but sometimes, if the actors are really bad, people boo.
42
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa las frases con la palabra del recuadro. musical
plays
concert
film
concert hall
ballet
opera
arenas
cabaret
gigs
1 Cats is a popular .............. by Andrew Lloyd Weber. 2 The Bolshoi .............. from Moscow is world famous. 3 ,UCIANO 0AVAROTTI WAS A FAMOUS .............. singer from Italy. 4 Shakespeare’s .............. are performed around the world. 5 I love live music ............. . My last one was by Coldplay; they gave a ............. at Carnegie Hall. 6 The Moulin Rouge is a famous .............. . 7 The Cannes .............. festival is held every year in France. 8 When I went to listen to the London Symphony Orchestra, the .............. was completely full. 9 Bands like U2 and The Rolling Stones often play in huge .............. . 2
Escoge la opción correcta. 1 Where do people watch a cabaret? a) In an arena b) In a nightclub c) In a cinema 2 What type of event has a variety of performances over several days? a) A gig b) An opera c) A festival 3 Who helps people to find their seats in a theatre or cinema? a) A stage manager b) A star c) An usher 4 Where do you buy tickets for a play? a) At a box office b) On the stage c) In an aisle 5 What is a very popular actor called? a) A star b) A magician c) A performer 6 Who writes plays? a) A make-up artist b) A cameraman c) A playwright
3
Escribe la palabra a la que corresponde cada definición. 1 A person who takes an actor’s place in dangerous scenes. .............................................................. 2 A type of film that makes people laugh. ............................................................................................. 3 A performer who does magic tricks. ................................................................................................... 4 A type of film that frightens people. .................................................................................................... 5 0EOPLE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN THE FUTURE OFTEN LIKE THIS TYPE OF FILM ................................................. 6 0EOPLE WHO MOVE THE SCENERY ON A STAGE HANDLE LIGHTING AND SOUND ETC ....................................
4
Completa el texto con las palabras o expresiones del recuadro. No todas son necesarias. opens
applauds auditions his lines walk around get a part rehearsing have a drink performance costume
My brother is an actor. It’s quite a stressful job. He goes to a lot of (1) ........... but it’s difficult to (2) ........... . He has a very good memory so he doesn’t have problems learning (3) ........... and he really enjoys (4) ........... , but he gets very nervous before the play (5) ........... . He even feels sick when he’s putting on his (6) ........... . He’s OK when the curtain goes up, though he always looks to see who’s sitting in the front row. He says it’s a great feeling when the audience (7) ........... at the end of the (8) ........... and the actors come onto the stage and bow. 5
Etiqueta la ilustración con palabras del ejercicio 4. 1
2
........... ...........
4
...........
3
...........
THAT’S ENGLISH!
43
The Media: TV and radio, the press, online news A
The press tabloids quality press
types of newspapers and magazines
news magazine
types of news
local
s s s s s s
journalist / reporter
THE PRESS
front page headline parts of a newspaper
people
leading article (= editorial) classified ads
international
cartoon (= comic strip)
art and entertainment
advertisement
0EOPLE LIKE READING THE NEWS IN A daily newspaper. 9OU CAN FIND MORE SERIOUS NEWS IN THE quality press like The Times or The Independent. 4HERE IS MORE TRIVIAL NEWS IN tabloids like The Sun or The Mirror. News magazines like The Economist and Time are published once a week. ! journalist or a reporter finds information and writes news stories. ! newspaper editor checks the stories and writes the leading article.
TV and radio My favourite news channel is Sky News. They broadcast 24-hour TV news programmes. CNN is an American TV news station. My favourite presenter is Hala Gorani. I also enjoy watching the six o’clock news on the BBC. I like the BBC because it doesn’t have commercials.
C
editor
business
celebrity national / home
foreign correspondent war correspondent
sports
politics
press photographer
jobs
daily / weekly / monthly / Sunday newspapers crime human interest
B
Politics
I listen to the news on the radio when I’m driving. Radio 4 is a good radio station. They have regular radio news bulletins. Their newsreaders speak really clear English.
Online news I follow the news on a news website. It has an on-line news service.
D
Politics 0EOPLE vote in a general election for the politicians who will represent them in parliament. They are called MPs (Members of Parliament). The leader of the political party with the most votes becomes Prime Minister. There are three main political parties in the United Kingdom. 0OLITICAL PARTIES IN 'REAT "RITAIN Left wing ,ABOUR 0ARTY
44
Centre ,IBERAL $EMOCRATS
Right wing #ONSERVATIVE 4ORIES
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercices Exercises 1
Relaciona los titulares con el tipo de noticias. 1 Man Rescues Dog from River 2 Latest Hollywood Blockbuster Opens Tonight 3 0OLICE !RREST -AN AFTER 2OBBERY 4 Tension on Border with Syria 5 0ROPERTY 4RAVEL *OBSx 6 0RIME -INISTER &ACES )MPORTANT 6OTE IN 0ARLIAMENT 7 Red Faces in Liverpool after Defeat by United 8
2
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)
Crime Arts and entertainment 0OLITICS Sports International Human interest A comic strip Classified ads
Completa las frases. 1 A newspaper that comes out every day is called a .................. . 2 A newspaper that comes out on Sundays is called a .................. . 3 The Guardian and The New York Times are examples of the .................. . 4 .............. contain many photographs, stories about famous people and sensational crime stories. 5 Harper’s and The New Yorker are .................. .
3
Responde las preguntas. Who … 1 … reports news from abroad? 2 … checks news stories before they are published? 3 … takes photographs for the newspaper? 4 … reports from war zones? 5 … reads the news on TV and the radio?
4
.................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Completa el texto con las palabras del recuadro. No todas las palabras son necesarias. presenters news channels radio stations news website 24-hour ten o’clock news commercials on the radio editor I work at home on my computer, so I follow the news on a (1) .................. , but I still like to watch the (2) .................. on TV in the evening. There are lots of (3) .................. but I like ITV. I think their (4) .................. are very good. The only problem is that they have (5) .................. but I usually make a cup of tea when they’re on! I enjoy listening to the news (6) .................. too. We have some very good local (7) .................. in our area.
5
Lee las siguientes definiciones. ¿Qué palabras describen? Elige la respuesta correcta. 1 This is not a person. a) political party b) -0
c) leader
d) politician
2 This word is not related to elections. a) general election b) vote
c) politician
d) police
3 This is an American political party, not a British one. a) Labour b) Conservatives c) Liberal Democrats
d) Republicans
4 This does not describe the position of a political party. a) left-wing b) centre c) maximum
d) right-wing
5 This person is not elected. a) 0RIME -INISTER b) Queen
d) 0RESIDENT
THAT’S ENGLISH!
c) -EMBER OF 0ARLIAMENT
45
Present simple / Present continuous A
Present simple
I / you / we / they
He / she / it
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWERS
I cycle to work.
We don’t have breakfast at home.
Do you commute to work?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
She gets up at six.
When do you start work?
He doesn’t drive.
Does he travel a lot?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Where does she live?
s 2ECUERDA LAS REGLAS ORTOGRÉlCAS DE LA TERMINACIØN -s PERSONA DE SINGULAR most verbs fi -s
-s, -sh, -ch, -x fi -es
-o fi -es
consonant + y fi -ies
drink – drinks eat – eats play – plays
kiss – kisses finish – finishes teach – teaches mix – mixes
go – goes do – does
fly – flies
try – tries
s 5SAMOS EL present simple PARA HABLAR DE HÉBITOS Y RUTINAS QUE SUCEDEN CONTINUA O REGULARMENTE I work for a food company. I play volleyball for the company team every Sunday morning. s 4AMBIÏN USAMOS EL present simple PARA HECHOS QUE SON SIEMPRE CIERTOS hVERDADES UNIVERSALESv Oil floats on water. The Sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100º. The water is s %XPRESIONES DE TIEMPO CON EL present simple INTRODUCIDAS POR boiling now. Put the spaghetti in. PREPOSICIONES (on Sunday, at 3 o’clock, in the morning) ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA (always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never…) Y OTRAS EXPRESIONES DE FRECUENCIA (every day, twice a month, three times a year). I go to the pub with my friends once a week. We usually meet on Saturdays at about 9:00, and I’m never late. Raymond and Lily meet every weekend, on Sunday afternoon. They hardly ever park their car in the street in the evenings. 2ECUERDA COLOCA LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL PERO DETRÉS DEL VERBO to be B
Present continuous AFFIRMATIVE I / you / we / they He / she / it
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
I’m having some coffee.
I’m not feeling well.
Are you going home?
We’re doing homework.
You aren’t listening.
Why am I feeling so tired?
She’s listening to music.
He isn’t talking.
Is she waiting?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
s 2ECUERDA LAS REGLAS ORTOGRÉlCAS DE -ing SEGÞN LA TERMINACIØN DEL INlNITIVO LA MAYORÓA DE VERBOS
+ -ing
work – working do – doing
cry – crying
CONSONANTE -e
PIERDEN LA -e -ing
come – coming
write – writing
UNA VOCAL ACENTUADA UNA CONSONANTE
DOBLAN LA CONSONANTE -ing
get – getting
prefer – preferring
-ie
-ie CAMBIA A -y -ing
lie – lying
die – dying
s #ON EL present continuous HABLAMOS DE ALGO QUE ESTÉ SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO DE HABLAR O EN LOS DÓAS EN TORNO AL MOMENTO DE HABLAR O DE ALGO QUE SE CONSIDERA TEMPORAL NO HABITUAL It’s raining now. He’s working very hard these days. He’s living in Cambridge this year. s %XPRESIONES DE TIEMPO CON EL present continuous (right) now, at the moment, these days, at the present time. What are you doing at the moment? – Right now I’m watching a series on TV. These days there are good shows on. s %L present continuous NO SE SUELE UTILIZAR CON VERBOS SOBRE PREFERENCIAS Y SENTIMIENTOS (like love hate want prefer) PENSAMIENTO (know understand believe remember forget think [= have an opinion]) SENTIDOS (see hear) Y OTROS (need) Where does Tammy live? – I don’t know and Bill doesn’t remember the address. Leslie loves fish. Can you cook it for her? – I’m sorry, I don’t see any fish in the fridge.
46
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Asocia preguntas y respuestas. a ) LOVE IT HERE b 7E HAVE A SPECIAL MEAL IN OUR PARENTS HOUSE c .OT REALLY4HE HOTEL ISNT VERY NICE AND IT RAINS EVERY DAY d )T FREEZES AT # e 9ES ) DO EXERCISE THREE OR FOUR TIMES A WEEK f )M COOKING LUNCH FOR MY DAUGHTER g 9ES ITS VERY COLD THERE h ) WORK IN A RESTAURANT )M A CHEF
1 7HAT DOES YOUR FAMILY USUALLY DO AT #HRISTMAS 2 7HAT ARE YOU DOING RIGHT NOW 3 !RE YOU A SPORTY PERSON 4 !RE YOU HAVING A GOOD TIME 5 7HAT DO YOU DO 6 7HAT DO YOU THINK OF .EW9ORK 7 $OES IT SNOW A LOT IN THE !RCTIC 8 7HAT TEMPERATURE DOES WATER FREEZE AT 2
Completa las preguntas con los verbos del recuadro en el present simple o el present continuous. EAT
PREFER
WORK
LOOK FOR
LIKE
DO
@7HERE YOU AT THE MOMENT @)N A RESTAURANT ON (IGH 3TREET BUT ONLY FOR THE SUMMER @ YOU THE JOB @9ES THE HOURS ARE LONG BUT THE MONEYS NOT BAD @ YOU AT THE RESTAURANT @9ES THE FOODS GREAT AND ITS FREE FOR THE STAFF @7HAT +ATE RIGHT NOW @7ELL ITS HER BOYFRIENDS BIRTHDAY TOMORROW @ SHE A PRESENT @4HATS RIGHT @ HE READING OR WATCHING $6$S @(E LOVES READING ! BOOK IS A GOOD IDEA 3
Algunos verbos de estas frases están en una forma incorrecta. Corrige la parte subrayada cuando sea necesario. %XAMPLE *IM USUALLY GETS UP AT OCLOCK 7HAT DO YOU DO AT THE MOMENT
OK are you doing
1 ,OOK AT THAT BOY (E RUNS VERY FAST
xxxxxxxxxxxx
2 3UE IS NEVER EATING MEAT 3HES A VEGETARIAN
xxxxxxxxxxxx
3 0AUL SOMETIMES GOES TO THE PUB AFTER WORK
xxxxxxxxxxxx
4 7HAT ARE YOU USUALLY DOING ON &RIDAY EVENINGS
xxxxxxxxxxxx
5 7E CAN GO OUT )T DOESNT RAIN NOW
xxxxxxxxxxxx
6 )VE GOT ENOUGH MONEY AT THE MOMENT )M NOT NEEDING ANY MORE xxxxxxxxxxxx
4
7 (ARRY SAYS HE PREFERS APPLES TO PEARS
xxxxxxxxxxx
84HE %NGLISH TEAM DOESNT PLAY VERY WELL THESE DAYS
xxxxxxxxxxx
Completa con los verbos en el presente simple o el presente continuous. Hi everybody, I (1) ....... (sit) here at a café on the Ramblas in Barcelona. The sun (2) ....... (shine) and it’s quite warm. It’s Monday today and museums here (3) ....... (not open) on Mondays. Joe (4) ....... (want) to visit the cathedral. He (5) ....... (shop) for some shoes at the moment. He (6) ....... (need) them because his feet are sore. We (7) ....... (walk) everywhere here. This is a beautiful city. We (8) ....... (not want) to go home! How is the weather there? (9) ....... it ....... (rain)? Reply
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exit
I (10) ....... (feel) really bored at the moment! My flatmates aren’t here – Joel (11) ....... (play) tennis and Tammy (12) ....... (work) late. Fridays are her busy day – she (13) ....... (never get) home before 10. I (14) ....... (not want) to watch TV – there’s nothing good on. I can hear a lot of people in the street – they (15) ....... (have) a great time! I (16) ....... (hate) going out alone. I (17) ...... (wait) for a call from Fran but she (18) ....... (usually stay) at home on Fridays. Please write me a message! Like · Share
47
Past simple A
Past time clauses
How long? and For
Past simple Did you enjoy the party?
s 5SAMOS EL past simple PARA HABLAR DE ACCIONES Y ACONTECIMIENTOS PASADOS ACABADOS
No, I didn’t. The police arrested me and took me to the zoo!
s ,OS VERBOS REGULARES FORMAN EL past simple A×ADIENDO -ed AL INlNITIVO ,OS IRREGULARES TIENEN FORMAS DIFERENTES Sally arrived at the party late but she had a really good time. She met some interesting people and she danced a lot. She was really tired when she got home and fell asleep on the sofa. She woke up at 5 in the morning and went to bed. TERMINACIÓN DEL VERBO
CAMBIOS ORTOGRÁFICOS
EJEMPLOS
-e
+ -d
CONSONANTE -y
+ -ied DESPUÏS DE LA CONSONANTE
copy – copied
VOCAL ACENTUADA CONSONANTE
CONSONANTE DOBLE -ed (*)
drop – dropped
arrive – arrived
live – lived apply – applied prefer – preferred
#OMPARA open SÓLABA lNAL NO ACENTUADA – opened
s 4ODOS LOS VERBOS FORMAN LAS PREGUNTAS Y LAS FRASES NEGATIVAS CON did infinitivo SIN to Did she arrive early? – Yes, but she left early because she didn’t feel well. Did she have a good time? – No, she didn’t like the restaurant. s 2ECUERDA QUE EL past simple DE to be ES I / he / she / it + was; we / you / they + were #ON be NO USAMOS did EN PREGUNTAS O FRASES NEGATIVAS Were you at John’s house last night? – No, I wasn’t, but my brothers were there. s ! MENUDO USAMOS EL past simple CON EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO COMO yesterday, last, in, ago I saw Tony in London last week. They got married in 2010.
I visited Italy a long time ago.
s #UANDO CONTAMOS UNA HISTORIA EN EL PASADO PODEMOS USAR LAS SIGUIENTES EXPRESIONES one day, then, next, later, finally, in the end; that evening, the next morning, three days later. One day, Sally decided to walk to work, but she didn’t know the city and got lost. In the end, she got a bus. That evening she took a taxi home. The next morning, her feet were very sore! B
Past time clauses with when, after, before s 5SAMOS when after Y before EN EL PASADO PARA INDICAR CUÉNDO SUCEDIØ ALGO EN RELACIØN A OTRAS ACCIONES O ACONTECIMIENTOS
C
Time periods: How long…? and For + hours, minutes, days, weeks, months, years, etc
The children became excited when they saw the plane.
I felt sad after I watched the film -ELANCHOLIA.
Melanie bought a guidebook before she went to Barcelona.
s How long…? PREGUNTAS SOBRE DURACIØN s For PERÓODOS DE TIEMPO INDICA LA DURACIØN DE UNA ACCIØN How long did they stay in Bali? – They stayed there for three weeks.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con el past simple de los verbos del recuadro. START
FIND
NOT WANT
MEET
LEAVE
HAVE
STUDY
GET
PASS
BUY
NOT GO
FALL
2ICK HIS DRIVING TEST WHEN HE WAS SEVENTEEN AND HE HOME WHEN HE WAS EIGHTEEN BUT HE TO UNIVERSITY (IS SISTER -ARIE -ARINE "IOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY AND SHE A JOB IN (AWAII WHEN SHE FINISHED HER DEGREE -ARIE *AKE ON THE AEROPLANE AND THEY IN LOVE AFTER THEY GOT TO (AWAII -ARIE TO LEAVE (AWAII SO *AKE A SMALL FLAT THERE (E AND -ARIE MARRIED THREE YEARS AGO ,AST YEAR THEY THEIR FIRST CHILD AND *AKE HIS OWN BUSINESS 2
Escribe preguntas y respuestas utilizando expresiones con last … , in … , … ago, for … . %XAMPLE
3UE LIVE IN ,ONDON n How long did Sue live in London? - She lived there for two years. 0AUL MOVE TO -ANCHESTER LAST YEAR When did Paul move to Manchester? – He moved there last year.
1 +ATE AND !LAN WORK TOGETHER xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 4HEY GET MARRIED xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 !LAN WORK IN &RANCE -ARCH *UNE xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4 4HEY GO TO 6ENICE MONTH xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 4HEY HAVE A BABY TWO YEARS xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3
Observa la línea temporal y corrige las frases sobre Julie utilizando when, after o before. WENT TO UNIVERSITY STUDIED %CONOMICS STARTED PLAYING HOCKEY
BORN
STARTED SCHOOL
TOOK A TRIP ROUND THE WORLD MET 0AUL
LEFT UNIVERSITY
GOT A JOB WITH A SAFARI COMPANY
MOVED TO 3OUTH !FRICA
BECAME A PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER
WENT BACK TO %NGLAND BOUGHT A HOUSE
%XAMPLE *ULIE MET 0AUL WHEN SHE WAS AT UNIVERSITY Julie didn’t meet Paul when she was at university. She met him after she left university. 1 *ULIE STARTED SCHOOL WHEN SHE WAS FOUR YEARS OLD xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 3HE PLAYED HOCKEY BEFORE SHE WENT TO UNIVERSITY xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 3HE TOOK A TRIP ROUND THE WORLD AFTER SHE MOVED TO 3OUTH !FRICA xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4 3HE BOUGHT A HOUSE BEFORE SHE WENT BACK TO %NGLAND xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 3HE BECAME A PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER WHEN SHE WAS IN 3OUTH !FRICA xxxxxxxxxxx 4
Escribe frases con los elementos de los recuadros. 3ARAH STARTED !FTER ) LEFT 0HIL GOT 4HE FIRST TIME ) FELL "EFORE ) WENT 7HEN ) LIVED
A JOB AFTER HE WITH MY PARENTS ) TO %NGLAND ) SCHOOL WHEN SHE IN LOVE ) SCHOOL )
%XAMPLE Phil got a job after he finished university. 1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
THAT’S ENGLISH!
WENT INTO THE ARMY FINISHED UNIVERSITY WAS WAS DIDNT GO OUT EVERY NIGHT DIDNT SPEAK ANY %NGLISH
4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
49
Permission: can can’t may may not A
can
can’t
may
Advice: should shouldn’t
may not No, you can’t. May I go outside?
s 0ODEMOS USAR can Y may PARA EXPRESAR PERMISO May ES MÉS FORMAL QUE can You can use a dictionary but you can’t talk in the exam. Can I borrow a pencil, please? Excuse me sir, may I leave the room, please? - Yes, you may. MÉS FORMAL / Yes, you can. MÉS INFORMAL - No, you may not. / No, you can’t. s 2ECUERDA QUE TAMBIÏN USAMOS can PARA EXPRESAR HABILIDAD Y POSIBILIDAD Joanna can speak four languages fluently. Frank can’t come to school today because he’s ill. You should drink B
should
plenty of milk. You shouldn’t go to bed late.
shouldn’t
s 5SAMOS should AND shouldn’t PARA DAR Y PEDIR CONSEJO What should I do to learn English quickly? - You should practise a lot, you should write new words in a notebook and you shouldn’t be shy. C
Modal verbs s Can, may Y should SON modal verbs ,OS modal verbs:
TIENEN LA MISMA FORMA PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS
VAN SEGUIDOS DEL INFINITIVO SIN to
FORMAN LAS PREGUNTAS COLOCANDO EL VERBO MODAL ANTES DEL SUJETO
FORMAN FRASES NEGATIVAS COLOCANDO not DESPUÏS DEL VERBO MODAL AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
Can PERMISO
Liz can go home early today. You can only smoke outside.
You cannot speak on the phone in the cinema. We can’t speak Spanish in the English class.
Can Tina bring a French friend to class? Can the students work in pairs?
May PERMISO ;FORMAL=
You may use your mobile phones now.
Students may not use their books during the exam.
May I come in?
Should CONSEJO
You should revise every day. Greg should pay more attention in class.
You should not worry about making mistakes. Jackie shouldn’t be so shy.
Should I listen to English radio? Should the baby go to sleep?
s Cannot Y should not TIENEN FORMAS NEGATIVAS CONTRAÓDAS .O HAY CONTRACCIØN PARA may not. s ,A FORMA NEGATIVA NO CONTRAÓDA DE can SE ESCRIBE COMO UNA SOLA PALABRA cannot ./ You can not talk in the exam
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises Escribe las preguntas que hacen los personajes. Usa can o may.
1
Can I borrow your dictionary, please?
1
.............................................. ..........................................…
BORROW 3
.............................................. ..........................................…
.............................................. ..........................................…
TAKE
TURN ON 4
.............................................. ..........................................…
USE 2
2
5
.............................................. ..........................................…
BRING
TOUCH
Escribe lo que se puede y no se puede hacer según la situación. Usa can / may o cannot / may not y las expresiones del recuadro. TAKE PHOTOS PAY CASH BORROW € WEAR JEANS USE A FLASH TOUCH THE PAINTINGS DRINK BEER WEAR SHORTS BORROW € DRINK WATER LOOK AT THE PAINTINGS PAY WITH A CREDIT CARD %XAMPLE
)N A MUSEUM
1 !T SCHOOL 2 )N THIS SHOP 3 )N A MUSEUM 4 &ROM A FRIEND 5 )N CLASS 3
You may take photos but you cannot / may not use flash.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Escribe consejos para un estudiante de inglés. Completa las frases con You should o You shouldn’t y escríbelas en la columna correspondiente. HAVE A VOCABULARY NOTEBOOK TRY TO LEARN FIVE NEW WORDS EVERY DAY TRY TO SPEAK TOO FAST BUY A GOOD BILINGUAL DICTIONARY TRY TO MAKE %NGLISH SPEAKING FRIENDS WORRY ABOUT MAKING MISTAKES WORRY IF YOU DONT UNDERSTAND NATIVE SPEAKERS FORGET TO DO YOUR HOMEWORK You should have a vocabulary notebook. 1 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4
You shouldn’t worry about making mistakes. 4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 6 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Ordena las preguntas y escribe respuestas adecuadas. %XAMPLE ) WANT TO TAKE PICTURES FOR MY FAMILY ALBUM EXPENSIVE ) BUY CAMERA AN SHOULD Should I buy an expensive camera? – No, you shouldn’t. 1 -Y SISTER LOVES ART SHOULD THE 0RADO -USEUM VISIT SHE ………………………………………………………………………................…………………………………… 2 -Y PARENTS DONT LIKE HOT FOOD GO AN THEY )NDIAN SHOULD TO RESTAURANT ………………………………………………………………………................…………………………………… 3 +EITH ISNT GOOD AT LEARNING LANGUAGES TRY #HINESE TO SHOULD LEARN HE ………………………………………………………………………................…………………………………… 4 0AULA AND +EN ARE AFRAID OF FLYING THEY 6IETNAM HONEYMOON SHOULD FOR GO THEIR TO ………………………………………………………………………................…………………………………… 5 0ETE LOVES GOOD FOOD AND DRINKING CIDER HOLIDAY !STURIAS VISIT HE DURING 3PAIN SHOULD HIS IN ………………………………………………………………………................……………………………………
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Obligation: must have to A
Necessity: need to
must s 5SAMOS must PARA EXPRESAR OBLIGACIØN I have a high temperature and I’m feeling sick. –You must go to the doctor right now. Must they leave now? –Yes, they must.
B
s Must ES UN modal verb COMO can, may Y should:
TIENE LA MISMA FORMA PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS
VA SEGUIDO DEL INFINITIVO SIN to
EN PREGUNTAS SE COLOCA DELANTE DEL SUJETO
have to s 4AMBIÏN PODEMOS USAR have to CUANDO QUEREMOS EXPRESAR OBLIGACIØN Do I have Do I have to take this medicine? It’s disgusting! to jump? –Yes, you do. You have to take it three times a day. Sandra has to get up at 7:00 a.m. every day. s 0ARA HACER PREGUNTAS CON have to USAMOS do / does Does George have to stay in bed? –Yes, he does. Do we have to eat healthy food? –Yes, you do. s %N FRASES AFIRMATIVAS Y EN PREGUNTAS PODEMOS USAR have to O must PERO EN PREGUNTAS NO SE SUELE USAR Must I...? Yes, son, #ON I SOLEMOS UTILIZAR Do I have to...? you have to. Do I have to come home early tonight? It’s John’s birthday party.
C
need to s 5SAMOS need to CUANDO HABLAMOS DE UNA ACCIØN QUE ES NECESARIA My car is giving me problems again. I need to take it to the mechanic. My daughter is very tired. She really needs to sleep. Excuse me, I have to leave the table. Luke needs to go to the bathroom.
s &ÓJATE QUE USAMOS do / does CUANDO HACEMOS PREGUNTAS CON need to. Does the baby need to eat? She looks hungry. Do you need to use the phone? s Have to Y need to PUEDEN USARSE EN MUCHOS CASOS PARA EXPRESAR LA MISMA IDEA I’ve got terrible toothache. I need to / have to go to the dentist. AFFIRMATIVE
QUESTIONS
Must (obligación)
You’ve got a broken leg. You must go to hospital. John must go to bed early tonight. He’s got an exam tomorrow.
Must we stay at home this evening? There’s a good concert at the Odeon. Must Haley leave now? She’s having a really good time.
Have to (obligación)
Taylor has to wear glasses when she drives. I have to work on Saturdays.
Do you have to travel a lot in your job? Does Joey have to take his passport when he goes to France?
Need to (necesidad)
I’m feeling really unfit these days. I need to do more exercise. Kate needs to study if she wants to pass her exams.
Do we need to go to the supermarket today? Does Liz need to buy a new dress for the wedding?
*Mustn’t / must not expresan prohibición. Don’t have to / doesn’t have to y don’t need to / doesn’t need to expresan falta de obligación.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con la forma adecuada de must o have to y uno de los verbos del recuadro. Utiliza tanto must como have to en las frases donde ambos sean posibles. 1 4HEIR LATEST ALBUM IS FANTASTIC9OU xxxxxxxxx IT 2 @0AULS IN HOSPITAL n @) HATE HOSPITALS xxxxxxxxx AND SEE HIM 3 7ILLS GOT PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL 7E xxxxxxxxx HIS TUTOR 4 *ILL xxxxxx THIS ARTICLE )T CAN GIVE HER INTERESTING IDEAS FOR HER PRESENTATION 5 4HE !RCTIC -ONKEYS ARE PLAYING HERE NEXT MONTH 7E xxxxxx SOME TICKETS 6 4HE CHILDREN ARE GOING TO &RANCE NEXT WEEK xxxxxxxxx THEIR PASSPORTS
2
TAKE GO LISTEN TO READ TALK TO GET
Relaciona las expresiones con las situaciones y escribe frases con have to. GET A NEW ONE WASH IT BUY HER A PRESENT
CHANGE YOUR GLASSES MAKE DINNER FOR THE CHILDREN HELP HER WITH HER REVISION GO TO THE DENTIST
%XAMPLE 3ORRY WE CANT GO OUT TONIGHT We have to make dinner for the children. 1 +ATIES GOT AN EXAM TOMORROW 2 "ILLS GOT TERRIBLE TOOTHACHE 3 )TS *ENS BIRTHDAY TODAY 4 ) LOST MY PASSPORT LAST WEEK 5 4HEIR CAR IS REALLY DIRTY 6 9OU CANT SEE ANYTHING 3
Escribe preguntas usando have to o need to con I o we y combinando los verbos y complementos de los recuadros. FASTEN PAY SPEAK TAKE TAKE TAKE OFF WORK
A FINE
ANTIBIOTICS %NGLISH IN CLASS MY PASSPORT OUR SEATBELTS OUR SHOES THIS AFTERNOON
%XAMPLE Do we have to / Do we need to take off our shoes? 1 …..................................................................... 4 …..................................................................... 2 …..................................................................... 5 …..................................................................... 3 …..................................................................... 6 …..................................................................... 4
Magda quiere reunirse con sus amigos, pero están ocupados. Escribe lo que tienen que hacer usando must, have to o need to y estos verbos. 1
*ANE 4
%THAN 5
#OLIN 5
2
%LLIE 6
'WEN
BUY FIX HELP CHOOSE MAKE STUDY PAY TAKE
3
*ESS AND -ATT
!NDREW 7
*ANINE
%XAMPLE Jane needs to buy some shoes. 1 %THAN 2 %LLIE xx 3 !NDREW 4 #OLIN 5 'WEN xxxxxxxxxxxxx 6 *ESS AND -ATT xxxxxxxxxx 7 *ANINE xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Cada una de estas frases tiene un error. Subráyalo y corrige. %XAMPLE 9OU MUST TO STAY IN BED WHEN YOU HAVE A TEMPERATURE must stay 1 $O THEY MUST TAKE OFF THEIR SHOES BEFORE THEY COME IN 2 *ANE LIVES OUTSIDE THE CITY SO SHE HAVE TAKE A TRAIN DAILY 3 (AVE YOU TO CARRY YOUR )$ CARD ALWAYS 4 ) CANT COME OUT n ) NEED FINISH MY HOMEWORK 5 7E DONT HAVE ANY TICKETS n NEED WE GET TO THE CINEMA EARLY
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Questions A
Time expressions
Questions s 2ECUERDA CØMO SE FORMAN LAS PREGUNTAS Y LAS RESPUESTAS CORTAS QUESTION WORD
AUXILIARY VERB
SUBJECT
MAIN VERB
SHORT ANSWER
------
Is
there
------
a pool in your town?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
------
Are
you
watching
TV at the moment?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Where
was
your son
------
last night?
In the pub.
------
Do
your friends
like
eating Indian food?
Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
What
does
the price
include?
Breakfast and dinner.
Where
does
your teacher
come
from?
Australia.
------
Did
your boss
enjoy
her holiday?
Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
are
we
going to spend
on souvenirs?
How much
Has
------
Does
the hotel
got have
a bar?
When
did
you
arrive?
------
------
May / Can
we
take
photos here?
Why
should
people
learn
a foreign language?
------
Do
we
have to
wash our hands?
------
Must
all customers
pay
a deposit?
About £25. Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t. An hour ago. Yes, you may / can. No, you may not / can’t. Because it’s really useful when they travel. Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. Yes, they must. No, they don’t have to.*
&ALTA DE OBLIGACIØN VÏASE 5NIT
s Be COMO VERBO PRINCIPAL NO NECESITA AUXILIAR Is he a doctor? – No, he isn’t. s Have got SOLO SE UTILIZA EN PRESENTE Y SOLAMENTE CON EL SIGNIFICADO DE POSESIØN s .O SE SUELEN USAR PREPOSICIONES DELANTE DE UNA PARTÓCULA INTERROGATIVA SE COLOCAN AL FINAL DE LA PREGUNTA s ,AS RESPUESTAS CORTAS SE UTILIZAN PARA NO REPETIR PALABRAS DE LAS PREGUNTAS
Yes / No QUESTIONS PRONOMBRE AUXILIAR Are you staying at the Royal? – Yes, we are staying at the Royal. > Yes, we are staying there. > Yes, we are. ,A RESPUESTA SOLAMENTE CON Yes O No ES MENOS ENFÉTICA
Wh- questions: PODEMOS DAR SOLO LA INFORMACIØN NECESARIA Where was your son last night? – In the pub. B
Time expressions s /BSERVA LAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO QUE SE SUELEN USAR CON LOS DIFERENTES TIEMPOS VERBALES TENSE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Present simple
Always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly ever > never* every day / month / year on DÓAS DE LA SEMANA FECHAS in ESTACIØN MES once a / twice a year week, ETC in the mornings afternoons evenings
Present continuous
now, at the moment, right now, these days, at the present time
Past simple
yesterday last week / month / year, ETC three days ago in MES A×O one day, then, next, in the end, that evening, ETC
Present perfect
ever, never for five months, since January already, yet this week, today, in the last two weeks, over the years, ETC
Future: be going to / Present continuous
tonight, this evening, tomorrow morning, on Monday, next Monday / weekend, after the lesson, one day
2ECUERDA QUE LOS ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA SE COLOCAN DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL PERO DETRÉS DE to be
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Subraya las formas correctas en las preguntas. Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe: Anne: Joe:
2
7HAT do you do / are you doing ON YOUR LAPTOP NOW )M CHECKING HOW TO GET TO THE +ILLERS CONCERT Have you ever seen / Did you ever seen THEM .O ) HAVENT You want / Do you want TO COME Have you got / Do you have got TICKETS 9ES ) GOT THEM THIS MORNING 7HAT TIME does it starts? / does it start !T NINE 'REAT Can Tina come / Can come Tina TOO )VE ONLY GOT TWO TICKETS /+ DONT WORRY Do we need to / Need we BE THERE EARLY .O ) THINK IS FINE 7HAT TIME do / does YOU HAVE TO BE HOME ) CANT STAY OUT AFTER MIDNIGHT Should we / Do we should EAT SOMETHING BEFORE THE CONCERT 9ES WE SHOULD Are you going to / Do you go TO BE AT BAND PRACTICE TOMORROW 9ES 7E CAN DECIDE WHERE TO MEET TOMORROW &INE "YE
Phil y Daphne están en una agencia de viajes. Escribe las preguntas que hacen.
%XAMPLES Must we get a visa? 9ES YOU HAVE TO GET A VISA How can we get to the airport? 9OU CAN GET TO THE AIRPORT BY CAR OR BY BUS 1 7HEN 4HE FLIGHT LEAVES AT MIDDAY 2 $O WE 9ES YOU HAVE TO BE AT THE AIRPORT TWO HOURS BEFORE DEPARTURE 3 (OW MUCH 4HE AIRPORT BUS COSTS POUNDS 4 7HERE 9OUR HOTEL IS ON #LARE 3TREET IN 3OHO 5 7HEN )T OPENED LAST YEAR 6 $O THEY 9ES THEY SERVE BREAKFAST 7 #AN ) .O YOU CANT SMOKE IN THE HOTEL 8 7HAT 9OU SHOULD VISIT THE "RITISH -USEUM AND THE .ATIONAL 'ALLERY 3
Escribe las preguntas que un amigo de Phil y Daphne les hace sobre su viaje. Usa el pasado.
%XAMPLE (OW YOUR TRIP n )T WAS GREAT How was your trip? 1 4HE HOTEL /+ n9ES IT WAS FINE THOUGH IT WAS A BIT EXPENSIVE 2 (OW GET AROUND THE CITY n 7E WALKED A LOT AND WE TOOK THE UNDERGROUND 3 %NGLISH PEOPLE FRIENDLY n9ES THEY WERE REALLY NICE 4 7HERE HAVE YOUR MEALS n 7ELL WE HAD BREAKFAST IN THE HOTEL AND WE USUALLY HAD LUNCH IN A PUB 5 7HAT ,ONDONERS DO IN THE EVENING n4HEY DONT GO OUT MUCH -OST OF THE PEOPLE IN THE CENTRE ARE FOREIGNERS 6 (OW MUCH THE "RITISH -USEUM COST n .OTHING )T WAS FREE 7 7HEN GET BACK n ,AST NIGHT 8 "UY ME A PRESENT n 3ORRY WE DIDNT 4
Escribe frases con la información de la tabla. VISIT FAMILY 0HIL
3 / year
$APHNE
every week
"RAD AND ,INDA
4 / year
%XAMPLE 0HIL YEAR
TRAVEL BY PLANE
GO ABROAD
HAVE A HOLIDAY
4 / year
5 / year
April 2011
1 / year hardly ever
1 / month every day
2 / year
every evening
Phil visits his family three times a year.
1 0HIL MONTH 2 "RAD AND ,INDA HAVE A HOLIDAY TRAVEL BY PLANE 3 $APHNE YEAR 4 "RAD AND ,INDA PLAY TENNIS
THAT’S ENGLISH!
next month
PLAY TENNIS
5 $APHNE EVERY DAY 6 0HIL YEAR 7 "RAD AND ,INDA GO ABROAD 8 0HIL HAVE A HOLIDAY
What (a)…! How…! A
Use and omision of the definite article
What (a)…! How…! What an incredible hat!
Yes, it’s the latest fashion from Paris.
s 5SAMOS What a / an…! Y How…! PARA EXPRESAR ADMIRACIØN Y HACER EXCLAMACIONES What a beautiful coat! Where did you get it? Look! My new dress is ruined. Somebody spilled coffee on it! How terrible! s 5SAMOS What a / an…! CON NOMBRES EN SINGULAR %L NOMBRE PUEDE IR CON UN ADJETIVO What a party! It was incredible! What an amazing shop! s 4EN EN CUENTA QUE CON NOMBRES EN PLURAL SE OMITE EL ARTÓCULO a/an What lovely shoes! Are they new? What friendly people! Do you know them well? s 5SAMOS How…! CON ADJETIVOS Jenny invited me to her wedding. - How nice! Oscar and I are going to Bali in the summer. - How wonderful!
It’s minus 20ºC in Moscow.
B
How cold! I suppose Russians are strong people to live in that weather.
Use and omission of the definite article s 5SAMOS EL ARTÓCULO DEFINIDO the CUANDOx
HABLAMOS DE ALGUIEN O ALGO ANTERIORMENTE MENCIONADO Sheila bought a top and a skirt yesterday. The top is pink and the skirt is purple.
ESTÉ CLARO A QUIÏN O QUÏ NOS REFERIMOS POR EL CONTEXTO O LA SITUACIØN I don’t like the salespeople in the new shop on West Street. I watched the film you liked but I didn’t enjoy it. s %L ARTÓCULO DEFINIDO ./ SE UTILIZA CON NOMBRES CONTABLES EN PLURAL Y CON INCONTABLES CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A ALGO EN GENERAL I think fashion is really exciting, but good shoes are very expensive. People say Russians are rude and Germans are cold, but that’s just a cliché – the Russian people who live next door are very polite, and the German students I’ve met this year are really friendly.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con las palabras y expresiones del recuadro. BEAUTIFUL
A PITY
EXCITING
AN AWFUL JOB
GREAT NEWS
A: ) WAS REALLY NERVOUS ABOUT MY DRIVING TEST BUT )VE PASSED
B: 7HAT
A: 3ORRY BUT ) CANT COME TO YOUR PARTY NEXT WEEKEND ) HAVE TO WORK
B: 7HAT
A: ,OOK AT MY NEW DRESS )M GOING TO WEAR IT FOR *OANNES WEDDING
B: (OW
A: *OHN HAS INVITED ME TO GO ON AN EXPEDITION TO THE !MAZON WITH HIM B: (OW A: 3UE SAYS SHE WORKS SEVEN DAYS A WEEK HOURS A DAY 2
B: 7HAT
Escribe lo que dicen los personajes utilizando How…! o What (a / an)!
%XAMPLE What a terrible smell! / How terrible! 1
TERRIBLE
AMAZING
2
3
DISGUSTING
4
WONDERFUL
5
FANTASTIC
6
BEAUTIFUL
INCREDIBLE
1 2 3 4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 6 3
Elige la alternativa correcta en las siguientes frases. 1 (ARRY HATES exams / the exams BUT Science exam / the Science exams THAT HE HAD YESTERDAY WAS NOT TOO DIFFICULT 2 -Y SISTER LIKES bright clothes / the bright clothes 3HE THINKS dark clothes / the dark clothes ARE BORING 3 4HIS IS A GOOD CINEMA Seats / The seats ARE VERY COMFORTABLE AND the tickets / tickets ARE CHEAP 4 -Y FAVOURITE SPORT IS tennis / the tennis Tennis club / The tennis club AT MY SPORTS CENTRE IS FANTASTIC 5 )TS HARD FOR young people / the young people TO FIND WORK NOWADAYS 6 ) WENT SWIMMING YESTERDAY Water / The water WAS FREEZING 7 *OHN ALWAYS WEARS sunglasses / the sunglasses BECAUSE HE HAS A PROBLEM WITH HIS EYES 8 ) NEVER GO TO ,UIGIS 0IZZAS Food / The food IS EXPENSIVE AND waiters / the waiters ARE REALLY RUDE
4
Completa el texto con el artículo definido the donde sea necesario. Donde no lo sea, escribe Ø. /N THE FIRST DAY OF THE SUMMER SALES -ADELEINE TOOK A BUS INTO CITY CENTRE )T WAS A NICE DAY AND THERE WERE PEOPLE EVERYWHERE IN THE STREETS )N THE PARK CHILDREN PLAYED HAPPILY AND DOGS RAN AROUND MADLY 7HEN SHE GOT TO THE CENTRE SHOPS WERE FULL -ADELEINE DECIDED TO HAVE A COFFEE BEFORE SHE STARTED SHOPPING 3HE ORDERED A CAPPUCCINO COFFEE WAS DELICIOUS AND WAITRESS WAS VERY FRIENDLY 7HEN SHE FINISHED -ADELEINE LEFT CAFÏ AND WENT INTO HER FAVOURITE SHOP 3HE SAW A BEAUTIFUL PAIR OF SHOES AND A LOVELY DRESS SHOES WERE EXPENSIVE BUT DRESS WAS PERFECT AND -ADELEINE BOUGHT IT 7HAT A LOVELY MORNING
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms (not) as ... as / less ... than too ... / not ... enough A
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms s 5SAMOS LA FORMA COMPARATIVA DEL ADJETIVO PARA COMPARAR UNA COSA PERSONA O ACCIØN CON OTRA My new flat is quieter than my old one and my new neighbour is more helpful than the one in my old flat. s ,A FORMA SUPERLATIVA SE UTILIZA PARA CALIFICAR ALGO O A ALGUIEN QUE MUESTRA UNA CUALIDAD EN SU MAYOR GRADO DENTRO DE UN GRUPO DE TRES O MÉS PERSONAS COSAS O ACCIONES I always go to Smartsave. It’s the cheapest supermarket in the area. Larry is the most honest person I know, but he’s the worst player in the team. s &ÓJATE CØMO SE FORMA EL COMPARATIVO Y EL SUPERLATIVO DE LOS ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Adjetivos de 1 sílaba
cheap thin* nice**
cheaper thinner nicer
the cheapest the thinnest the nicest
Adjetivos de 2 sílabas (acabados en –y)
easy heavy
easier heavier
the easiest the heaviest
• Adjetivos de 2 sílabas (no acabados en –y) • Adjetivos de 3 o más sílabas
boring careful beautiful interesting
more boring more careful more beautiful more interesting
the most boring the most careful the most beautiful the most interesting
Adjetivos irregulares
good bad far
better worse farther / further
the best the worst the farthest / furthest
*,OS ADJETIVOS DE SÓLABA ACABADOS EN UNA VOCAL Y UNA CONSONANTE DOBLAN LA CONSONANTE hot > hotter > the hottest
,OS ADJETIVOS ACABADOS EN CONSONANTE n e A×ADEN n r O n st nice > nicer > the nicest
s 5SAMOS than DESPUÏS DE UN ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO Reading is cheaper than going to the cinema, but this film is more interesting than my book. s 5SAMOS the ANTES DE LOS ADJETIVOS SUPERLATIVOS That’s the nicest dress in the shop, and the most expensive one, too. B
(not) as … as / less … than s 5SAMOS as … as PARA DECIR QUE DOS PERSONAS O COSAS TIENEN LA MISMA CUALIDAD 3E UTILIZA not as … as PARA EXPRESAR QUE DOS PERSONAS O COSAS TIENEN UNA CUALIDAD EN UN GRADO DIFERENTE Veronica is as tall as Harry, and she’s as intelligent as him. My new flat isn’t as nice as my old one. s less + adjective + than TAMBIÏN SE UTILIZA PARA DESTACAR UNA DIFERENCIA ENTRE DOS PERSONAS O COSAS AUNQUE ES MÉS COMÞN USAR not as + adjective + as Ollie is less experienced than Joe. (= Ollie is not as experienced as Joe.) Peter’s job is less interesting than Harry’s. (= Peter’s job is not as interesting as Harry’s.)
C
too … / (not) … enough
s Usamos too + adjective para decir que una cualidad es excesiva, que es más de lo que queremos o necesitamos. They can’t eat this food. It’s too spicy. (It’s very hot, it has a lot of spice in it.) I can’t hear you. The music is too loud. (It’s very noisy, the volume of the music is very high.) s adjective + enough se utiliza para decir que algo es suficiente. Are those shoes big enough? I’m warm enough so I don´t need a coat. s not + adjective + enough indica que algo no es suficiente. I can’t lift this suitcase. I’m not strong enough. Joe can’t run the marathon. He isn’t fit enough.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Compara las personas y objetos usando la forma comparativa + than. ! LEATHER JACKET ! CARDIGAN EXPENSIVE %XAMPLE A leather jacket is more expensive than a cardigan. 1 'EORGE *O n FRIENDLY 2 -ERCEDES a &ORD a CHEAP 3 /UR &RENCH TEACHER /UR %NGLISH TEACHER n PATIENT 4 +AREN n -ONICA GOOD 5 7ILL n *EAN SOCIABLE 6 ,ONDON ,IVERPOOL MILES ,ONDON %DINBURGH MILES FAR 7 .ATHALIE .AOMI n POLITE 8 -IKE 2ON n FIT
2
Utiliza las palabras de los recuadros para escribir frases con el superlative.
*ILL -ADRID !NTARCTICA 5 4HE 3TATUE OF ,IBERTY 4HE #ARIBBEAN -ONT "LANC 2IO DE *ANEIRO 3HAKESPEARE FAMOUS DANGEROUS FRIENDLY COLD GOOD BIG SUCCESSFUL HIGH DEEP SEA ROCK BAND CITY GIRL CONTINENT CITY WRITER MOUNTAIN MONUMENT "RAZIL THE CLASS
THE WORLD %UROPE .EW9ORK 3PAIN THE %NGLISH LANGUAGE )RELAND THE WORLD
%XAMPLE Jill is the friendliest girl in the class. 1 2 3 4 3
5 6 7 8
Escribe las frases con (not) as … as / less … than manteniendo el mismo significado. %XAMPLE ) AM TALLER THAN MY BROTHER My brother is not as tall as me / My brother is less tall than me. 1 %DINBURGH IS COLD BUT !BERDEEN IS COLDER %DINBURGH xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 !NDREW IS THE MOST TALENTED PERSON IN HIS FAMILY !NDREWS BROTHER xxxxxxxxxxxx 3 ! &ERRARI AND A 0ORSCHE ARE EQUALLY FAST ! 0ORSCHE xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 4 2USSIAN IS MORE DIFFICULT THAN &RENCH &RENCH xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 5 #HINESE FOOD IS SPICIER THAN 'ERMAN FOOD 'ERMAN FOOD xxxxxxxxxxx 6 *IM IS M CMS TALL (IS GIRLFRIEND IS ALSO M CMS TALL *IM xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
4
Escribe dos frases para cada ilustración con los adjetivos del recuadro y too … / not … enough. CHEAP COLD EASY DIFFICULT SHORT EXPENSIVE TALL HOT LONG 1
2
3
4
%XAMPLE The player is too short. He is not tall enough. 1 4HE COFFEE 2 4HE EXAM 3 (IS HAIR 4 4HE BAG
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Be going to + infinitive A
Present continuous
Be going to + infinitive s 5SAMOS be going to INFINITIVO PARA HABLAR DE PLANES FUTUROS INTENCIONES Y DECISIONES TOMADAS ANTES DEL MOMENTO DE HABLAR Frank is worried about his weight. He’s going to do more exercise.
I’m not going to eat tonight. I’m not hungry.
-ing / to + infinitive She’s going to study fashion at college next year.
Are they going to buy a new car next year?
s 2ECUERDA LAS FORMAS DE be going to AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE I He She It We You They B
am / am not (I’m not) is / is not (isn’t) going to watch TV. are / are not (aren’t)
QUESTIONS Am Is Are
I he / she / it you / we / they
going to watch TV
Present continuous for future arrangements s 5SAMOS EL present continuous PARA HABLAR DE ACTIVIDADES FUTURAS YA PROGRAMADAS POR EJEMPLO LAS ACTIVIDADES INCLUIDAS EN UNA AGENDA DE TRABAJO Jane’s having a party next Saturday. What are you doing tomorrow afternoon? s (AY UNA LIGERA DIFERENCIA DE SIGNIFICADO ENTRE EL present continuous Y be going to PARA FUTURO PREFERIMOS present continuous CUANDO MENCIONAMOS EL MOMENTO FUTURO CONCRETO EN QUE VAMOS A HACER ALGO MIENTRAS QUE CON be going to EXPRESAMOS UNA INTENCIØN SIN NECESIDAD DE CONCRETAR CUÉNDO REALIZARLA My brother Paul is coming next Saturday. I’m meeting him at the station. I’m going to invite Susan to my birthday party. s .OS REFERIMOS A PLANES DE FUTURO CON present continuous CON EXPRESIONES COMO tonight, tomorrow afternoon, next week / weekend …, tomorrow morning, on Monday, after the lesson. I’m seeing Marta tonight. Do you want to come? s 2ECUERDA QUE EL present continuous TAMBIÏN SE USA PARA HABLAR DE ALGO QUE ESTÉ SUCEDIENDO EN EL MOMENTO DE HABLAR O EN LOS DÓAS EN TORNO AL MOMENTO DE HABLAR O DE ALGO QUE SE CONSIDERA TEMPORAL NO HABITUAL 5NIT
C
-ing / to + infinitive Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + to want, would like, hope, need, plan, promise, expect, offer, refuse, decide, learn, forget, try
Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + ing • stop, finish, carry on, give up • love*, like*, hate*, prefer* enjoy, mind
Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + to o -ing sin casi variación de significado • start, begin, continue • love*, like*, hate*, prefer*
,OS VERBOS QUE EXPRESAN AGRADO Y DESAGRADO SUELEN IR SEGUIDOS DE ing AUNQUE ALGUNOS (love, like, hate, prefer) TAMBIÏN PUEDEN IR CON INFINITIVO to
I want to improve my English this year. Ken offered to help me. Kenny really enjoys riding horses. He doesn’t mind going out in the rain or snow. I love eating in Italian restaurants. OR I love to eat in Italian restaurants. She went home when it started to snow. OR She went home when it started snowing.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con (not) be going to y uno de los verbos del recuadro. MAKE
WASH
BUY
WATCH
INVITE
EAT
1 4HERES AN IMPORTANT GAME ON46 TONIGHT YOU IT 2 )TS *ILLS BIRTHDAY TOMORROW 7E HER A PRESENT AND ,ILY A BIRTHDAY CAKE 3 ) DONT LIKE +EVIN ) HIM TO THE PARTY 49OUR CARS REALLY DIRTY 7HEN YOU IT 54HE FOOD WAS TERRIBLE 7E IN THAT RESTAURANT AGAIN 2
Lee la agenda de Jenny y corrige las frases. %XAMPLE *ENNYS MEETING +EN ON4HURSDAY She isn’t meeting Ken on Thursday. She’s meeting him on Friday. 1 *ENNYS PLAYING TENNIS BEFORE WORK ON -ONDAY 2 3HES HAVING DINNER WITH THE GIRLS ON 7EDNESDAY EVENING 3 3HES GOING TO THE GYM ON4UESDAY MORNING 4 3HES SEEING THE DENTIST ON &RIDAY 5 3HES HAVING A PARTY ON4HURSDAY
3
Monday PM: Play tennis afte rw Tuesday PM: Dinner with th e
ork
girls
Wednesday AM : Go to the gym
: Thursday AM Dentist Friday PM: Meet Ken : Saturday AM y! rt a p y M
Completa los diálogos con la forma correcta (be going to o present continuous) de los verbos entre paréntesis. 1 *OHN AT UNIVERSITY NEXT YEAR #LARE STUDY #LARE9ES ) AM ) TALKED TO MY PARENTS AND THEY THINK ITS A GOOD IDEA 2 0ETE )S *AKE COMING TO THE PARTY TONIGHT 0AUL .O HE ISNT (E DINNER WITH ,IZZIE HAVE 3 /LIVIA 7HY &RANKIE TOMORROW LEAVE +ATH (E SAYS HE HAS TO GO BACK TO WORK 4 -ARTA 7HAT TIME YOUR FRIENDS ARRIVE ,AURA !ROUND SIX
4
Completa las frases con la forma correcta de los verbos del recuadro. ANSWER SPEAK
TAKE CHECK COME BACK IMPROVE LEARN STAY UNDERSTAND WORK WRITE
1 ) REALLY WANT MY LISTENING THIS YEAR ) WOULD LIKE MORE WHEN ) LISTEN TO "RITISH RADIO 2 :OE ENJOYS %NGLISH BUT SHE DOESNT LIKE IT ESPECIALLY IF SHE HAS TO WRITE FORMAL LETTERS 3 (ARRY GAVE UP #HINESE AFTER HE GOT A NEW JOB 4 $AVID FAILED THE TEST BECAUSE HE FORGOT HIS WORK 5 )RENE IS WORKING IN *APAN AT THE MOMENT BUT SHE HOPES HOME NEXT YEAR 6 *OE STOPPED A CAMERA ON HIS TRIPS WHEN HE GOT HIS NEW MOBILE PHONE 7 (IS PARENTS BOUGHT HIM AN I0AD AFTER HE PROMISED AT UNIVERSITY 84HE POLICE ARRESTED THE MAN BECAUSE HE REFUSED THEIR QUESTIONS 9 *OHN GETS A GOOD SALARY SO HE DOESNT MIND HARD
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Present perfect simple with ever and never Present perfect simple vs past simple A
Present perfect simple with ever and never
Have you ever been on a cruise?
s 5SAMOS EL present perfect PARA HABLAR DE EXPERIENCIAS EN SENTIDO GENERAL Have you been to China? IN YOUR LIFE I’ve been to Vietnam and Thailand, but I haven’t been to China. ) STILL REMEMBER 6IETNAM AND4HAILAND Has your sister seen the latest Angelina Jolie film? AT ANY TIME UP TO NOW Yes, she has. She’s seen it twice.
No, I haven’t… and I don’t want to!
s &ORMAMOS EL present perfect CON have / has Y EL PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO AFFIRMATIVE I You We They
have (‘ve)
He She It
has (’s)
NEGATIVE visited Paris.
have not (haven’t) has not (hasn’t)
I You We They He She It
visited Paris.
QUESTIONS Have
Yes,
I you we they visited Paris?
Has
he she it
No, Yes, No,
I / you / we / they he / she / it
have. haven’t. has. hasn’t.
s ,A MAYORÓA DE VERBOS FORMAN EL PARTICIPIO A×ADIENDO -ed ,OS VERBOS IRREGULARES TIENEN FORMAS DE PARTICIPIO DIFERENTES 6ÏASE LISTA DE PARTICIPIOS IRREGULARES EN PÉG DEL ,IBRO DEL !LUMNO Juliet has travelled to many places but she has never flown in a plane. s ! MENUDO USAMOS LOS ADVERBIOS ever Y never CUANDO USAMOS EL present perfect simple PARA HABLAR DE EXPERIENCIAS 5SAMOS ever EN PREGUNTAS Y never PARA HABLAR DE LO QUE NO HEMOS HECHO /BSERVA QUE ESOS ADVERBIOS VAN DELANTE DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL Have you ever eaten snake? - No, I haven’t. I’ve eaten snails but I’ve never eaten snake. Has Mike ever danced samba? - No, he hasn’t. He’s danced merengue but he’s never danced samba. s 4EN CUIDADO CON been Y gone Have you ever been to the United States? EXPERIENCIA AHORA NO ESTÉS EN %%55 They’ve gone to work in the USA. RESULTADO PRESENTE ESTÉN ALLÓ AHORA Y NO HAN REGRESADO AÞN B
Present perfect simple vs past simple s 5SAMOS EL present perfect simple PARA HABLAR DE EXPERIENCIAS EN GENERAL PERO USAMOS EL past simple PARA PREGUNTAR Y HABLAR SOBRE UN MOMENTO CONCRETO Has she ever been to Japan? - Yes, she has. When did she go? - She went there last year. Joanne has lived in three different cities in Spain. She moved to Madrid last month.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Relaciona los verbos y las expresiones y escribe frases sobre la vida de Bear Grylls con el present perfect simple. CLIMB EAT APPEAR
GO WRITE LIVE
HAVE DINNER SAIL
MANY BOOKS 3 IN *APAN 7 INTO SPACE 7 SNAKE 3 ON46 MANY TIMES 3 -OUNT %VEREST 3 ROUND THE WORLD ALONE 7 WITH THE 1UEEN 7
%XAMPLE He has climbed Mount Everest. He has never had dinner with the Queen. 1 4 2 5 3 6 2
Observa las ilustraciones y escribe preguntas con Have you ever…? y los verbos dados. 1
2
BREAK
3
DRIVE
EAT
FLY
4
5
GO
GO SKIING
%XAMPLE Have you ever been to Paris? 1 2 3 4 3
6
MEET
PLAY
7
8
RIDE
5 6 7 8
Completa las frases con el past simple o el present perfect simple de los verbos entre paréntesis. 1 MY GIRLFRIEND IS A TRAVEL AGENT 3HE VISIT MANY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 2 ,AST YEAR SHE GO TO 3OUTH !FRICA FOR THE FIRST TIME 3 YOU EVER SEE A FILM WITH -ARLON "RANDO 4 9ES ) WATCH The Godfather FOUR TIMES WHEN ) WAS YOUNG )TS FANTASTIC 5 -Y WIFES A REALLY GOOD TENNIS PLAYER BUT ) NEVER PLAY )M NOT VERY SPORTY 6 7E USUALLY SEE *IM AND HIS WIFE AT THE PUB ON 3ATURDAYS BUT LAST WEEK THEY NOT COME 7 3HES A TEACHER NOW BUT SHE WORK AS AN INTERPRETER FOR MANY YEARS 8 (E WRITE LOTS OF BOOKS ,AST YEAR HE WIN AN IMPORTANT PRIZE
4
Lee las siguientes entradas del diario de Pearl y responde las preguntas del entrevistador. En caso de respuesta positiva, añade la información adicional. June 21: July 10: November 27: December 12:
Flew to Paris today. Had snails and a delicious steak in the Tour d’Argent. Went to the premiere of the latest James Bond film. Met Daniel Craig. He’s gorgeous! Disaster! I was skiing in Switzerland yesterday and fell and broke my arm! Oh no! My Rolls Royce has broken down so I can’t go shopping. I can’t walk and I never take public transport! I never have. I hate it!
%XAMPLE (AVE YOU EVER EATEN PAELLA Yes, I have. I ate it last year in Valencia. Interviewer: (ELLO 0EARL )TS LOVELY TO TALK TO YOU Pearl: (ELLO Int: .OW 0EARL CAN YOU TELL OUR READERSx (AVE YOU EVER VISITED A FOREIGN COUNTRY P: Int: !ND HAVE YOU EVER MET A FAMOUS PERSON P: Int: (AVE YOU EVER EATEN A WONDERFUL MEAL P: Int: (AVE YOU EVER HAD AN ACCIDENT P: Int: /NE LAST QUESTION 0EARL (AVE YOU EVER TRAVELLED ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT P:
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Present perfect simple with for, since, already, yet A
Present perfect simple with for and since
Nice house! How long have you lived there?
Thanks! I’ve lived here since I was born!
s 5SAMOS EL present perfect simple CON for O since PARA REFERIRNOS A LA DURACIØN DE UNA ACTIVIDAD O SITUACIØN QUE COMENZØ EN EL PASADO Y CONTINÞA EN EL PRESENTE Sally has been unemployed since last March. She has known Dave for two years. s 5SAMOS since CUANDO INDICAMOS EL MOMENTO EN EL QUE COMENZØ LA SITUACIØN O ACTIVIDAD since IMPLICA SIEMPRE ixHASTA AHORAw #ON for NOS REFERIMOS AL PERÓODO DE DURACIØN CUANDO SE UTILIZA CON EL present perfect, for IMPLICA TAMBIÏN ixHASTA AHORAw since Monday since last week since 1998 since my accident
= = = =
for four days for one week for fifteen years for seven months
TODAY IS &RIDAY NOW ITS ) HAD AN ACCIDENT IN -ARCH AND ITS .OVEMBER NOW
Karen has lived in London since she got married. She has lived there for three months. s 5SAMOS How long…? PARA PREGUNTAR POR LA DURACIØN DE UNA SITUACIØN O UNA ACTIVIDAD How long have Jake and Karen been married? —They’ve been married for three months / since last June. B
Present perfect simple with already and yet F I N I S H
.OT yet!
)VE already lNISHED 7HAT ABOUT YOU
s 5SAMOS EL present perfect simple CON already CUANDO ALGO YA HA SUCEDIDO ANTES DE AHORA O ANTES DE LO ESPERADO Already VA DELANTE DE LA FORMA DE PARTICIPIO DEL VERBO Can I speak to Mr Harris, please? - Sorry, he’s already left the office. Hurry up, the meeting has already started. Is John working on the report? - No, he’s already finished it. s 5SAMOS EL present perfect simple CON yet PARA PREGUNTAR SI ALGO YA HA SUCEDIDO ANTES DE AHORA O PARA PREGUNTAR POR ALGO QUE ESTAMOS ESPERANDO QUE SUCEDA Yet VA AL FINAL DE LA PREGUNTA Have you had lunch yet? Has Sam started his new job yet? Have our visitors arrived yet? s #UANDO ALGO QUE ESTAMOS ESPERANDO QUE SUCEDA AÞN NO HA OCURRIDO HASTA EL MOMENTO DE HABLAR USAMOS yet CON EL VERBO EN NEGATIVA not…yet Yet VA AL FINAL DE LA FRASE Is the director here? - No, she hasn’t arrived yet. When do you have your interview? - I don’t know. They haven’t contacted me yet. How’s your new boss? - I haven’t met him yet.
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Exercises 1
Completa las frases con for o since. 1 $ANIEL AND HIS WIFE HAVE LIVED IN 3PAIN FOUR YEARS 2 *EAN LEFT UNIVERSITY IN 3HE HAS BEEN A TEACHER THEN 3 ) DONT KNOW WHERE THE BOSS IS ) HAVENT SEEN HIM YESTERDAY 44HE COMPANY HAS OPERATED HERE OVER TWENTY YEARS 5 2OSIE HAS BEEN ILL SHE CAME BACK FROM )NDIA 6 &RANK HAS KNOWN *IM A LONG TIME
2
Usa las pautas dadas para escribir preguntas con How long…? y respuestas con for o since. %XAMPLE
$AVID WORK THERE n THREE YEARS How long has David worked there? He’s worked there for three years. 1 3UE AND 'EORGE BE WORKMATES n LAST -AY 2 0ATRICK LIVE IN &RANCE n TEN YEARS 3 *ULIE LIKE ROCK MUSIC n SHE WAS A CHILD 4 YOU HAVE THOSE SHOES n TWO WEEKS 5 2ORY KNOW #ARMEN n THEY WERE AT UNIVERSITY 3
Completa las frases con already y el present perfect. %XAMPLE @7HEN IS4OM LEAVING @(ES already left 1 @7HEN IS -ARK GOING TO DO HIS HOMEWORK @(E 2 @7OULD YOU LIKE A COFFEE @.O THANKS ) 3 @!RE THEY GOING TO WATCH THE NEW "RAD 0ITT FILM TONIGHT @.O THEY 4 @7HEN IS ,INDA GOING TO BUY THE PRESENTS @3HE 5 @$ONT FORGET TO WASH THE DISHES @)
4
Ann acaba de empezar la universidad y está hablando por teléfono con su madre. Escribe las preguntas que su madre le hace y las respuestas de Ann. Usa already, yet y not yet. Example:
Mother: make any friends? Mother: Have you made any friends yet?
Ann: (3) Yes, I’ve already made some friends. Ann: (7) No, I haven’t made any friends yet. 1 - MEET YOUR TUTOR 2 - HAVE YOUR FIRST CLASS 3 - BUY A NEW COMPUTER 4 - WRITE A LETTER TO 'RAN 5 - GET YOUR STUDENT CARD 5
! 7 ! 3 ! 3 ! 7 ! 7
Escribe lo que los personajes no han hecho todavía. Usa los verbos del recuadro. 1
SELL
2
FINISH
3
START PLAYING
TAKE OFF
4
WAKE UP
5
WASH
%XAMPLE She hasn’t washed the dishes yet. 1 2 3
THAT’S ENGLISH!
4 5
Used to A
Mustn’t
Don’t need to / don’t have to
Used to I used to be tall and fat.
AFFIRMATIVE Hábitos pasados que ya no se tienen
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I used to swim in the sea every day when I lived in Mallorca.
My friend Bill didn’t use to like seafood but he likes it now.
Did you use to go to clubs when you lived in Mallorca?
Acciones aisladas en el pasado
I saw John in the supermarket yesterday.
We didn’t go to Keith’s party last Saturday.
Did you close the door when you left the house?
Situaciones y hábitos en el presente
She goes to the supermarket every Sunday.
They don’t usually get up early at the weekends.
What time do you normally finish work?
(I don’t swim in the sea now.)
(I saw him once at a specific time in a specific place.)
• A menudo, formamos la negativa de used to con never. She never used to have many friends but she’s very popular now. • Cuando hablamos de situaciones y hábitos en el presente, usamos el present simple y adverbios de frecuencia. She walks in the park every Sunday. • Cuando hablamos de una sola acción en el pasado, usamos el past simple. Solo usamos used to cuando hablamos de acciones que se repiten. I met John in the park yesterday. (I met him once.) I used to meet John in the park. (I met him many times.) B
Mustn’t s Usamos mustn’t + infinitive cuando hablamos de acciones que están prohibidas. You mustn’t smoke in here. You mustn’t bring food into the library.
C
Don’t need to / don’t have to s Cuando nos referimos a una acción que no es necesaria, usamos don’t / doesn’t need to o don’t / doesn’t have to. You don’t need to lock the door when you go out. (You can lock it if you want, but it isn’t necessary.) She doesn’t have to make her bed. (She can make it if she wants, but it isn’t necessary.) s #OMPARA ESTAS FRASES You mustn’t park the car in the street. (Because the police will give you a fine.) You don’t have to / don’t need to park the car in the street. (Because we’ve got a garage.)
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Exercises 1
Elige las expresiones adecuadas y escribe frases con used to.
3
argue a lot
1
2
4
5
eat unhealthy food
go out a lot
Example: He used to be a hippy. 1 ........................................................................... 2 ........................................................................... 2
a hippy
play rugby
watch horror films
3 ........................................................................... 4 ........................................................................... 5 ...........................................................................
Completa las frases con un verbo en present simple o con used to. 1 Jim never .................... to classical music, but now he listens to it a lot. 2 Do you read much? No, I .................... a book every week, but I don’t have time now. 3 .................... to the cinema at the weekends? No, we prefer to go during the week. 4 .................... in France? Yes, we lived there for three years. It was great. 5 I .................... red wine, but now I prefer it to white. 6 Gordon is learning Spanish because he .................... to Ibiza for his holidays every year. 7 Do you do yoga? I .................... it but I do now. I really enjoy it. 8 .................... ? Yes, but I stopped last year. Cigarettes are so expensive.
3
Relaciona los carteles con las expresiones del recuadro y escribe frases con mustn’t. 1
2
3
4
5
park here walk on the grass use your mobile phone take glass into the pool area bring dogs here use this gate Example: You mustn’t walk on the grass. 3 ........................................................................... 1 ........................................................................... 4 ........................................................................... 2 ........................................................................... 5 ........................................................................... 4
Completa las frases con don’t need to / don’t have to o mustn’t. 1 Teachers in most schools ..................... wear a uniform. 2 You ..................... drop litter in the street in Singapore. It’s illegal. 3 We ..................... leave yet. We’ve got lots of time. 4 You ..................... ask Jim for his number. I’ve got it already. 5 You ..................... drive too fast or the police will give you a fine. 6 The restaurant is never full. We ..................... book a table. 7 Budget airlines are very strict. You ..................... carry more than 10 kilos of hand luggage. 8 You ..................... wear sunglasses most of the time in Scotland.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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If – sentences type I A
So … that
If – sentences type I
If I get up late, I won’t have any breakfast!
s ,AS ORACIONES CONDICIONALES CON if expresan situaciones o acciones hipotéticas. Usamos if + present simple, will + infinitive para referirnos a una condición posible con un resultado probable EN EL FUTURO ,A SITUACIØN O LA ACCIØN SEGURAMENTE SE CUMPLIRÉ SI SE DA LA CONDICIØN EXPRESADA EN la frase con if. If you come to the cinema, I’ll see you there. If she doesn’t cut her hair, she won’t get the job. - Usamos If + present simple, present simple para referirnos a situaciones o acciones que son siempre o normalmente ciertas. If companies want to sell cars, they use attractive models in their advertisements. If you heat water to 100 degrees centigrade, it boils. - Usamos If + present simple, imperative cuando queremos dar órdenes o consejos. If I’m late, don’t wait for me. If you want to learn English quickly, study every day.
,A ORACIØN CON if puede ir antes o después de la oración principal. Cuando va antes, separamos las dos oraciones con una coma. Cuando va después, no usamos coma. If we don’t leave soon, we’ll be late. We’ll be late if we don’t leave soon. s /BSERVA LAS FORMAS PARA ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS NEGATIVAS Y PREGUNTAS If + present simple
I’ll go on holiday. you will be late for work. she won’t feel tired tomorrow.
If I pass my exams, If you don’t leave now, If she goes to bed early, Question word
B
S + will / won’t + infinitive
will + S + infinitive
if + present simple
Where What
will you study will they do
if you go to university? if people don’t like the advert?
--
Will you visit us
if you have time?
Short answers --— Yes, I will. — No, I won’t.
So … that s 5SAMOS so + adjective + that seguido de oración para hablar de resultados o consecuencias. So enfatiza el adjetivo al que acompaña y la oración introducida por that expresa una consecuencia de la situación resaltada por so. I was so tired that I went to bed immediately. The advertisement was so funny that we started laughing. She is so ambitious that she will be very successful.
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Elige la forma correcta de los verbos. 1 If we (walk / will walk) quickly, we (catch / will catch) the bus. 2 John (doesn’t / won’t) have any money if he (buys / will buy) a new Mercedes. 3 What (will happen / happens) if I (will try / try) to take his photograph? 4 If they (increase / will increase) the prices, we (don’t / won’t) go back to that restaurant. 5 If David (doesn’t / won’t) say that he is sorry, don’t go out with him again. 6 (Will / Does) Cathy come to the cinema with me if I (will ask / ask) her?
2
Escribe frases con las pautas dadas. Example: If she / see / Wayne / she / give him the book If she sees Wayne, she’ll give him the book. 1 If Joe / have enough money / he / buy a new camera ……….........………..…………………………….. 2 Don’t go to the beach tomorrow / if it / rain ………………………..……………………………..….……… 3 You / lend me some money / if I / pay you back this week?………………………………..………...…… 4 If the restaurant / be full / we / go to a different one …………………………………………..……...…… 5 If Ted / not feel well / he / not come with us this evening ………………………………..………..........… 6 You / not pass your exam / if you / not work harder……………..……………………………..……..…… 7 If the children / be hungry / we / have lunch now ………………………………..………......................…
3
Vuelve a escribir las frases utilizando so ... that. Example: Harry was very angry. He couldn’t speak. Harry was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 1 Jane was very tired. She slept for twelve hours. …………………………………………………………... 2 The exam was very long. The students couldn’t finish it. ..…………………………………………..….... 3 The weather was very hot. They spent all day on the beach. .……………………………….……….…... 4 The drink was delicious. Frank had another glass. ……………………………………………………….... 5 The hotel was very expensive. Nobody stayed there. …………………………………………………….. 6 Their new car was very big. It didn’t fit in the garage. …………………………...…..…………………... 7 The film was very long. We left before the end. …………………..…………………….………………...... 8 She was very talented. The company offered her a job. ………………………………………….………..
4
Fijándote en los dibujos y seleccionando verbos del recuadro, completa las frases con la forma correcta de los verbos. come
feel
get
have
miss
rain
stay in bed / go to the cinema If it rains tomorrow, I will stay in bed or I will go to the cinema.
1 go to a restaurant / make a sandwich If I ................. hungry later, I .................. or I ...................
2 watch TV / go for a walk If I ................. bored today, I .................. or I ...................
3 make a cake / buy some wine If friends ...................... over tonight, I .................. or I ...................
4 do housework / go to the gym If I ................. time at the weekend, I .................. or I ...................
5 take a taxi / go on foot If we ................. the bus, we .................. or we ...................
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Agreeing and disagreeing A
Agreeing and disagreeing
Word order I love
reading. s -ISMA OPINIØN O SITUACIØN 5SAMOS Me too para mostrar acuerdo con un I don’t. comentario afirmativo hecho por otra persona y Me neither para mostrar acuerdo con un comentario negativo. I really like the British sense of humour. + – Me too. + I don’t like jokes about women. – – Me neither. – s /PINIØN O SITUACIØN DIFERENTE 0ARA MOSTRAR DESACUERDO CON UN COMENTARIO POSITIVO EN EL present simple, usamos I don’t 0ARA MOSTRAR DESACUERDO CON UN COMENTARIO NEGATIVO USAMOS I do. I think the Marx brothers are really funny. + – I don’t. – I don’t like Bob’s jokes. – – I do + . I think they’re very amusing.
s #AMBIAMOS EL AUXILIAR A AFIRMATIVA O NEGATIVA PARA CONTRASTAR CON EL VERBO QUE EXPRESA LA IDEA con la que no estamos de acuerdo. I’m not very interested in comic books. – I am. I love them. I didn’t enjoy the film at all. – I did. I thought it was great. Look! I can see the North Star! – I can’t. I can only see the Moon. They’ve won the cup! – No, they haven’t. The game isn’t over yet. s /BSERVA LAS FORMAS Acuerdo o coincidencia + - + / – - –
B
Desacuerdo o falta de coincidencia + - – / – - +
I love Lady Gaga. – Me too. I don’t like Madonna. – Me neither.
I love Lady Gaga. – I don’t. She doesn’t like Madonna. – I do.
I enjoyed the meal. – Me too. They didn’t like the wine. – Me neither.
I enjoyed the meal. – I didn’t. I didn’t like the wine. – I did.
I’ve been to Paris. – Me too. I haven’t been to Rome. – Me neither.
I’ve been to Paris. – I haven’t. I haven’t been to Rome. – I have.
John can play the guitar. – Me too. I can’t play the violin. – Me neither.
I can play the guitar. – I can’t. I can’t play the violin. – My brother can.
Word order with two objects s !LGUNos verbos en inglés tienen dos complementos. Uno es directo y otro indirecto. Can you pass me the salt, please? En este ejemplo, the salt es el complemento directo y me es el complemento indirecto. También podemos decir: Can you pass the salt to me, please? s /TROS VERBOS QUE USAN to delante del complemento indirecto son: give, take, send, lend, sell, bring, tell, pay. I’m going to send John an email. / I’m going to send an email to John. Karen gave Jim her old computer. / Karen gave her old computer to Jim. s #ON DETERMINADOS VERBOS USAMOS for en lugar de to: buy, bring, make, cook, keep, choose, find, save. I bought Jack a present. / I bought a present for Jack. She made her father a birthday card. / She made a birthday card for her father. Lee cooked Margaret a surprise meal. / Lee cooked a surprise meal for Margaret.
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con Me too o Me neither.
1
.........
2
I love Charles Chaplin.
3
.........
I don’t want any dessert, thank you.
2
4
.........
I don’t like the rain.
.........
.........
I think he is fantastic.
5
I don’t understand Chinese.
Completa las frases de modo que el segundo hablante exprese desacuerdo con el primero. 1 ‘I think Jill is really intelligent.’ ‘..................... . I think she’s rather stupid.’ 2 ‘I love old films on TV.’ ‘..................... . I think they’re boring.’ 3 ‘I didn’t enjoy that meal at all.’ ‘..................... . We thought it was delicious.’ 4 ‘I wasn’t at the concert last night.’ ‘..................... . It was really good.’ 5 ‘I’m not going to Ida’s party tomorrow.’ ‘..................... . I’m looking forward to it.’ 6 ‘I can’t swim.’ ‘..................... . I learned when I was a child.’ 7 ‘I don’t think they’ll win the cup.’ ‘..................... . They’re playing very well.’ 8 ‘I’ve seen all of BrAD 0ITTS FILMS @..................... . I’ve only seen one.’
3
Ordena las palabras. 1 girlfriend email He an sent his. 2 birthday her bought expensive mother present an She. 3 I my to car Kevin sold old. 4 cooked They a meal grandmother lovely their for. 5 beautiful We a gave necklace Jane. 6 new Victoria dress chose her daughter for a.
4
Vuelve a escribir las frases manteniendo el mismo significado. Example: Helen made a birthday cake for her mother. 1 Colin bought Stella a nice present. 2 ,INDA COOKED A SPECIAL DINNER FOR 2ON ON HIS BIRTHDAY 3 I passed the wine to John. 4 Val lent Norman her car last night. 5 ) BROUGHT ,ILY SOME FLOWERS WHEN SHE WAS IN HOSPITAL 6 7E GAVE THE KEYS TO 0AUL BEFORE WE LEFT THE HOUSE 7 I sent Zoe a text message but she didn’t get it. 8 Keith maDE ROAST BEEF FOR 0AM BUT SHES A VEGETARIAN
5
………………………….……………………. .………………………………………………. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. Helen made her mother a birthday cake. ………………………………………………. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ………………………………………………. ………………………………………………. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ………………………………………………. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Combina elementos de cada columna para hacer frases. Tienes que cambiar el tiempo de los verbos. Hay varias respuestas posibles. I bring Nicholas a watch for his birthday. Jake lend a cake a nice bottle of wine. us for their grandmother. The children buy (ELEN MAKE 0ETER SOME MONEY a funny story. Dan send my father Irene tell some flowers to his girlfriend. Example: I bought my father a watch for his birthday. 1 …………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………….. 5 ……………………………………………… 3 ……………………………………………..
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Defining relative clauses A
Prefer
Defining relative clauses with who, which, that as a subject Look! That’s the actor who plays James Bond!
s 5TILIZAMOS LAS ORACIONES ESPECIFICATIVAS DE RELATIVO CON who, which y that para identificar a la persona o cosa de la que estamos hablando. Usamos who para referirnos a una persona, which para referirnos a una cosa y that para ambos. Look! That’s the I admire singers who write their own songs. girl that lives next door! o I admire singers that write their own songs. We saw a piano which belonged to Beethoven. o Oh! The girl who plays the We saw a piano that belonged to Beethoven. trumpet?
Con frecuencia usamos that en lugar de which, especialmente cuando hablamos. También se puede usar that en lugar de who, pero no es tan común. s %L PRONOMBRE RELATIVO VA INMEDIATAMENTE DETRÉS DE LA PERSONA O COSA A LA QUE SE REFIERE %N estas oraciones, el relativo actúa como nexo y es al mismo tiempo el sujeto de la subordinada. I like festivals which / that last for several days. ./ I like festivals which / that they last for several days.) B
Prefer Dad! Broccoli again? You know I prefer hamburgers!
Yes, I know you prefer eating junk food to eating healthy food!
Well, I prefer to eat healthy food, but I don’t like broccoli!
s #UANDO EXPRESAMOS PREFERENCIA POR UNA ACTIVIDAD USAMOS prefer + -ing o prefer + to + infinitivo. I don’t like going to concerts. I prefer to listen / prefer listening to music at home. My dad hates wearing a suit and tie. He prefers to wear / prefers wearing jeans and a T-shirt. s #UANDO EXPRESAMOS PREFERENCIA POR UNA COSA O PERSONA USAMOS prefer + sustantivo (+ to + sustantivo). I prefer rock music (to classical music). My brother prefers Lilly Allen (to Adele). We prefer seeing a film in the cinema (to watching it on TV).
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Relaciona las dos partes de las frases. 1 +EITH 2ICHARDS IS A GUITARIST 2 Jazz is a style of music 3 I used to have a girlfriend 4 I’ve just heard a new album 5 Bruce Springsteen writes songs 6 Jim Marshall was a photographer
2
a which is really good. b who liked punk. c which are sometimes about New York. d who plays in a famous rock band. e who took pictures of musicians. f which comes from the United States.
Une las frases con who, which o that y haz los cambios necesarios. %XAMPLE 2EGGAE IS A MUSICAL STYLE )T BEGAN IN *AMAICA Reggae is a musical style which / that began in Jamaica. 1 ,ANA DEL 2EY IS A SINGER 3HE FIRST BECAME FAMOUS ON THE )NTERNET xxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 I have a friend. He is a big fan of Bono and U2. ...........…….……………………………………………… 3 My brother has bought a guitar. It cost a thousand pounds. ......………………………………………… 4 Joey’s hobby is collecting records. The records are from the 1950’s. .......……………………………… 5 We have a new French teacher. She comes from Toulouse. ........………………………………………… 6 My parents gave me some new speakers. They sound really great. ....………………………………… 7 Kelly has a girlfriend. She plays in a rock band. ..........................…………………………………………
3
Combina la información y escribe definiciones con who o which. Mick Jagger The Titanic #RISTIANO 2ONALDO Hip hop Apple Angelina Jolie Schumacher
A MUSICAL STYLE A RACING DRIVER THE COMPUTER COMPANY a footballer a rock star a ship the actress
INVENTED THE I0AD PLAYS FOR 2EAL -ADRID PLAYED ,ARA #ROFT SINGS WITH4HE 2OLLING 3TONES sank in 1912. won seven Formula 1 Championships. started in cities in the US.
Example: Mick Jagger is a rock star who sings with The Rolling Stones. 1 …………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………… 3 …………………………………………… 4
4 …………………………………………………… 5 …………………………………………………… 6 ……………………………………………………
Observa las ilustraciones y escribe sobre Angela.
3
1
2
4
5
Example: She doesn’t like meat. She prefers eating fish. She prefers fish to meat / She prefers eating fish to eating meat. 1 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 2 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 3 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 4 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 5 …..................................................................................................…………………………………………
THAT’S ENGLISH!
73
Contrast clauses A
Contrast clauses: but
Indefinite pronouns although
however
on the one hand ... on the other hand
s 5SAMOS but para unir dos oraciones que expresan ideas opuestas. I enjoy bullfights but my children think they are very cruel.
Although I love this band, I can’t go to their concert. I’m broke!
s Although TAMBIÏN UNE IDEAS OPUESTAS 0UEDE IR entre las dos partes de la oración o al principio. I don’t have much Solo es necesario poner coma entre las dos money either, but I’ll partes de la oración cuando la subordinada con lend you some. although va al principio. Although Sally lives in the country, she enjoys spending the weekends in the city. Sally lives in the country (,) although she enjoys spending the weekends in the city. s #UANDO DOS ORACIONES EXPRESAN IDEAS OPUESTAS PODEMOS USAR However al comienzo de la segunda. However va siempre seguido de coma. Climbing is quite a dangerous sport. However, many people practise it regularly. s 5SAMOS LA CORRELACIØN On the one hand (...) On the other hand al comienzo de dos oraciones o párrafos que expresan ideas opuestas, y siempre ante coma. Es más frecuente en contextos formales o escritos. Many young people go abroad to find work. This has positive and negative aspects. On the one hand, they can find good jobs. On the other hand, they have to live far away from their families. B
Indefinite pronouns s 5SAMOS LOS PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS PARA HABLAR DE PERSONAS COSAS O LUGARES SIN ESPECIFICAR A qué nos referimos exactamente. PERSONAS
COSAS
LUGARES
VERBO
someone / somebody
something
somewhere
+
anyone / anybody
anything
anywhere
- /?
everyone / everybody
everything
everywhere
+/?
no one / nobody
nothing
nowhere
+
Mum, there is something I have to tell you …
s 0ARA PERSONAS USAMOS somebody / someone o anybody / anyone. Somebody sent me a text message but I don’t know who. Did you meet anyone interesting at the party? – I wasn’t feeling very well. I didn’t talk to anybody. s 0ARA COSAS USAMOS something o anything. I’m going to eat something. Can I get you anything? – No thanks, I don’t want anything. s 0ARA LUGARES USAMOS somewhere o anywhere. I’ve met her somewhere before, but I can’t remember where. Are you going anywhere interesting for your holidays? – No, we’re not going anywhere. We’re staying at home this year. s #UANDO NOS REFERIMOS A TODAS LAS PERSONAS TODAS LAS COSAS O TODOS LOS LUGARES USAMOS everybody / everyone, everything o everywhere /BSERVA QUE EL VERBO VA EN PERSONA DE singular. Everybody loves John. Everything is ready for the party. We’ve been everywhere in this town. s #UANDO EL SIGNIFICADO ES NEGATIVO PODEMOS USAR TAMBIÏN nobody / no one, nothing y nowhere /BSERVA QUE EL VERBO VA EN AFIRMATIVA Y EN PERSONA DE SINGULAR Nobody has seen Julia since last Thursday. Don’t worry. Nothing is going to happen. There is nowhere like Las Vegas. It’s unique.
74
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Relaciona las pautas dadas y escribe frases con but y el tiempo verbal adecuado. Jim / support / the Conservatives this year / they / go / Greece 1 0AT GO TO A BULLFIGHT LAST WEEK ) GET TO WORK ON TIME THIS MORNING 2 Sam / like / go out with friends she / not enjoy / it 3 They / usually go / to Spain in the summer HIS WIFE VOTE FOR THE ,ABOUR PARTY 4 I / go / to bed late last night Sally / prefer / stay at home Example: Jim supports the Conservatives but his wife votes for the Labour party. 1 …………………………………………… 3 …………………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………… 4 ……………………………………………………
2
Completa las frases con although o however. 1 ............... most people spend Christmas with their family, some people don’t. 2 Easter is an important holiday in many countries. ............... , it often rains during Easter week. 3 My parents gave me a great present for my birthday ............... my sister didn’t give me anything. 4 ............... the tickets were quite expensive, a lot of people went to the festival. 5 Brunei is a very small country. ............... , the Sultan of Brunei is one of the richest men in the world. 6 The British royal family is very popular, ............... not everyone supports it.
3
Completa los párrafos con la información del recuadro. Usa On the one hand …, On the other hand … It’s nice to have lots of money. They attract a lot of tourists. It’s a very interesting country. I know she likes the family to be together.
My brother’s wife will be there and I don’t like her. The flights are really expensive. It’s difficult to have a private life. All the hotels and restaurants put up their prices.
Example: I’m not sure if it’s a good idea to go to the US this year. On the one hand, it’s a very interesting country. On the other hand, the flights are really expensive. 1 (AVING THE /LYMPIC 'AMES IN A CITY HAS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES xxxxxxxxxxx 2 I don’t know if I want to go to my mother’s house for Christmas this year. ………………….............. 3 Being rich and famous has good points and bad points. …………………………………………............ 4
Completa las frases con –body, –thing or –where. 1 7HERES 0AUL ) DONT SEE HIM any........ . 2 Some........ has moved my keys. I left them on the table. 3 There’s a funny smell. I think some........’s burning. 4 I like the people here. Every........ is very helpful. 5 I don’t like ice cream. Do you have any......... else?
5
6 Did any........ call when I was out? 7 I want to go some........ warm for my holidays this year. 8 I’m really angry. The government has done no........ to solve the crisis. 9 Have you seen my sunglasses any........? 10 The house is very quiet. I think some.....’s wrong.
Completa las frases con los pronombres indefinidos adecuados. 1 Can you speak more loudly, please? I can’t hear ................... . 2 I saw ................... going into the house but I don’t know who it was. 3 ................... enjoyed the meal. They said it was delicious. 44HERES ON YOUR COAT ,ET ME CLEAN IT 5 I looked in all the rooms, but I didn’t see John ................... . 6 I didn’t drink ................... because I wasn’t thirsty. 7 Joanne lives ................... not far from Edinburgh. 8 There’s ................... in the fridge. We need to go to the supermarket.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
75
Past continuous Past continuous + past simple with while and when Prepositions of movement A
Past continuous s 5SAMOS EL past continuous para hablar de una acción en desarrollo en el pasado. What were you doing at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? – I was playing tennis. Were you waiting for Jill outside the pub last night? – No, I wasn’t. I was waiting for Jane. s 4AMBIÏN USAMOS EL past continuous para describir la escena en la que se sitúa una historia. It was a beautiful morning. The Sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees. Sheila was wearing an old brown coat. She locked the door and walked to her car… Your brother called while you were taking a shower.
s &ORMAMOS EL past continuous con was/were (not) + -ing. B
Past continuous + past simple with while and when s 5SAMOS EL past simple para hablar de acciones acabadas en el pasado y el past continuous para resaltar la duración de actividades y situaciones pasadas. Where did you go for dinner yesterday? – We went to a new Mexican restaurant. What were you doing yesterday evening at 9:30? – I was cooking and Linda was watching TV. s 5SAMOS EL past continuous y el past simple juntos cuando una acción interrumpe otra en desarrollo: el past simple se utiliza para la acción que interrumpe y el past continuous para la acción en desarrollo. I was driving along a country road when a dog ran in front of the car. Joanne was getting off the bus when she saw the accident.
Why didn’t you get it?!
I was driving along a country road when a dog ran in front of the car.
s 5SAMOS when para introducir la acción que interrumpe. She was having a shower when the fire started. s 0ODEMOS USAR when o while para introducir la acción en desarrollo. Es más común usar while cuando queremos enfatizar la duración de la acción o describimos dos acciones simultáneas. The fire started when / while she was having a shower. The phone rang and rang while I was cooking dinner. The children were playing while I was working on the computer. s !LGUNAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO HABITUALES CON ESTOS TIEMPOS VERBALES SON yesterday, last week / month / … , three days ago, in + mes / año, when / before / after + oración, for + periodo de tiempo, one day, that evening, etc. (véase Unit 5). C
Prepositions of movement
s 5SAMOS LAS PREPOSICIONES DE DIRECCIØN PARA INDICAR HACIA DØNDE SE MUEVE ALGO O ALGUIEN 50
).4/
76
$/7.
/54 /&
!,/.'
!#2/33
4(2/5'(
&2/- x 4/
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Escribe lo que Len y Sarah estaban haciendo a las horas indicadas el sábado pasado.
8:00 - 8:30
1
2
3
4
5
10:00 - 11:30
12:00 - 12:30
15:00 – 17:30
18:30 - 18:45
20:00 - 22:00
At 8:15, Len was taking the dog for a walk. 1 At 10:45, Sarah ……………………………... 2 At 12:10, she ……………………………….. 2
3 At 16:00, they ………………….……………. 4 At 18:40, he …………....……………………. 5 At 21:15, they ……………......………………
Escribe preguntas con el past continuous y la partícula interrogativa adecuada. Example: ‘you / live / in 2010?’ ‘In Barcelona.’ ‘Where were you living in 2010?’ 1 ‘Tom / wear / at the party last night?’ ‘A pullover and a pair of jeans.’ ‘ ..........................................?’ 2 ‘the baby / cry / this morning?’ ‘Because she was hungry.’ ’ ............................................................?’ 3 ‘you / go / when I saw you yesterday?’ ‘To Frank’s house.’ ‘ ............................................................?’ 4 ‘you / call / when I saw you last night?’ ‘Keith.’ ‘ ...............................................................................?’ 5 ‘Sheila / do / at 3 o’clock this morning?’ ‘She was sleeping.’ ‘ .........................................................?’ 6 ‘Kate / dance / with Trevor at your party?’ ‘Because Jeremy wasn’t there.’ ‘ ...................................?’
3
Subraya la acción que empezó primero, y rodea el conector más adecuado - when or while - cuando los dos sean correctos y tacha el incorrecto si solo uno es correcto. Example: Paul arrived when / while I was studying
I was sleeping when / while the postman came.
1 *ANE WAS WATCHING46 WHEN WHILE ,ILY PHONED 2 It started snowing when / while we were driving home. 3 When / While I was waiting for the bus I met a really interesting girl. 4
Completa las frases con la preposición de dirección adecuada. 1
2
3
through
4
down
along
1 The firefighter ran ........... the burning house. 2 He drove his car ........... the garage. 3 The police officers walked ........... the street. 5
4 ,IZ WAS HAVING BREAKFAST when / while she started to feel sick. 5 Sophie broke her arm when/ while she was playing football.
5
into
on of
6
across
4 The plane flew ........... the clouds. 5 The canoeist came ........... the river. 6 The boy swam ........... the river.
Completa el sueño con el past simple o el past continuous de los verbos entre paréntesis.
I (1) ............ (have) a terrifying dream last night. I (2) ............ (drive) along a narrow road when I suddenly (3) ............ (see) a girl in the middle of the road. She (4) ............ (wear) a long black coat and sunglasses. It was very cold but she (5) ............ (not wear) a hat or gloves. I (6) ............ (stop) the car and she (7) ............ (get) in. It (8) ............ (be) very dark but she (9) ............ (not take off) her sunglasses. She (10) ............ (have) very white skin. I (11) ............ (start) the car again and we (12) ............ (drive) along in silence. Then I (13) ............ (notice) something near the car. It was a large dog and it (14) ............ (run) beside us, but it (15) ............ (not look) at us. While I (16) ............ (watch) the dog, the girl (17) ............ (take off) her sunglasses. I (18) ............ (turn) to look at her and she (19) ............ (open) her mouth slowly. Her teeth (20) ............ (be) very long and sharp. She (21) ............ (move) towards me when suddenly I (22) ............ (wake up). I (23) ............ (sweat) and I (24) ............ NOT FEEL VERY WELL 77 THAT’S ENGLISH!
Possibility: may might can A
Hope
Possibility: may might can
I’m not sure. I might take him for a walk!
What are you doing later?
s 5SAMOS may y might para hablar de situaciones o acontecimientos presentes o futuros que es posible, pero no seguro, que sucedan. Might puede sugerir menor probabilidad que may y es más común en el lenguaje oral. What are you doing later? – I don’t know. I may take the dog for a walk. Take an umbrella if you’re going out. It might rain. We might have to stay late at the office. We haven’t finished the report. s May y might son verbos modales y van seguidos del infinitivo sin to. May not no tiene forma contraida y mightn’t no se usa mucho. I / you / he / she / it / we / they
may (not) might (not)
(mightn’t)
come to the beach with us. stay at their friends’ cottage. like tonight’s film.
s /BSERVA LA DIFERENCIA ENTRE ESTAS FRASES Tim is having dinner with Sally tonight. (Es seguro) Tim may / might have dinner with Sally tonight. %S UNA POSIBILIDAD 0UEDE QUE HAGAN OTRA cosa) (= Perhaps Tim will have dinner with Sally tonight) Jackie isn’t going to play tennis tomorrow. (Es seguro que no lo hará) Jackie may / might not play tennis tomorrow. 0UEDE QUE LO HAGA PUEDE QUE NO (= Maybe Jackie will play tennis tomorrow) 0ARA EXPRESAR POSIBILIDAD ES MUCHO MÉS COMÞN USAR may y might que los adverbios perhaps o maybe con futuro. s 5SAMOS can para decir que algo es posible en sentido general, así como para referirnos a diversas opciones. This kind of bush can grow in really cold places. If you want to help the environment, you can join Greenpeace. You can also work in your local community. B
Hope s 5SAMOS hope to + infinitive cuando el sujeto de la frase expresa un deseo para sí mismo. Julie hopes to work as a biologist when she finishes university, but there aren’t many jobs. We hope to go to Thailand for our honeymoon but we might not have enough money. s 5SAMOS hope (that) + subordinada en present simple cuando el sujeto de la frase expresa un deseo para otra persona o cosa. I hope (that) Julie passes all her exams. I hope (that) Kate and Larry go to Thailand.
78
I hope to pass the exam and drive to the mall with my friends.
I hope she passes the exam and drives her sister to school!
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con might o might not y los verbos entre paréntesis. 1 ‘I’ll see you at George’s house on Saturday.’ ‘Maybe, but I ................... (not go). My girlfriend ................... (come) to see me this weekend.’ 2 ‘What are you doing in the summer?’ ‘We’re not sure. We ................... (stay) here or we ................... (drive) to Scotland and spend some time with my parents.’ 3 ‘4HE NEXT 7ORLD #UP IS GOING TO BE FANTASTIC @!RE YOU SURE 9OUR TEAM NOT WIN 4HEY ................... (play) really badly.’ 4 ‘I’m really looking forward to Andy’s party.’ ‘That’s good, but Jake ................... (be) there, you know. And if he is there, he ................... (not want) to talk to you.’
2
Vuelve a escribir las frases con might / may o might not / may not. Example: It is possible that they will not help us. They may / might not help us. 1 It is possible that it will snow tomorrow. 2 0ERHAPS THEY WILL NOT COME TO THE MEETING 3 Maybe Sue will not have time to see you. 4 It is possible that I will get a new job. 5 Maybe we will not be here next year. 6 0ERHAPS 0ETE WILL LEND US SOME MONEY
3
……………………………………………………. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Responde a las preguntas seleccionando las posibilidades más adecuadas y los verbos correspondientes. Usa can. plane / the train
,UIGIS / the new Vietnamese place
go to / have dinner with Example:
the cinema / Keith and Margie
the garage / a new one
A BULLFIGHT THE 0RADO
go to / try watch / visit go by / take talk to / change take it to / buy
join / contact
‘Where will we have dinner tonight?’ ‘Well, we can go to Luigi’s or we can try the new Vietnamese place.’
1 ‘What do you want to do this weekend?’ 2 ‘I have a free afternoon in Madrid. What can I do?’ 3 @7HATS THE BEST WAY TO GET TO 0ARIS 4 ‘What can I do to protect the environment in my area?’ 5 ‘I’m having a lot of problems at work. What can I do?’ 6 ‘My car breaks down all the time. What can I do?’ 4
Greenpeace / local politicians
your boss / jobs
‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ @xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’
Escribe los deseos de Harry sobre sí mismo y sobre su hijo David. 1
move / next month
3
pass
4
start
2
buy / next Christmas
5
get married / soon
get a good job
6
visit / next year
start
Example: Harry hopes to move house next month. He hopes that David passes his exams. 1 ………………………………………………. 4 ………………………………………………. 2 ………………………………………………. 5 ………………………………………………. 3 ………………………………………………. 6 ……………………………………………….
THAT’S ENGLISH!
79
Asking for and giving instructions A
Quantifiers
Asking for and giving instructions s 0ODEMOS USAR EL imperativo o el present simple para pedir y dar instrucciones. How do you attach a file to an email? – First click / you click on the attach button. Then, find / you find the file that you want to attach and double click / you double click on it. Wait / You wait until it loads and then click / you click on the send button.
How can I fix it?
You can’t. Just go to the shop and buy another one.
s /BSERVA QUE CUANDO HACEMOS UNA PREGUNTA PODEMOS usar el present simple o can con I o you. How do / can you upload a photo? What do you do next? How can / do I change the screen saver? Then, what do I do? s #UANDO DAMOS UNA SERIE DE INSTRUCCIONES SOLEMOS USAR conectores como first, next, then, after that o finally. When you buy a new printer, first read the instructions carefully. Then, connect it to your computer. Next, switch the printer on. After that, check that there is enough ink. Finally, print a test document.
B
Quantifiers s 2ECUERDA LOS SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES TIENEN SINGULAR Y PLURAL PERO LOS INCONTABLES NO TIENEN forma de plural. a drink a euro
three drinks ten euros
water music
three waters two musics
s Much se refiere a una gran cantidad de algo y many a un gran número. s Much se utiliza con sustantivos incontables en preguntas y oraciones negativas. Do you download much music from the Internet? A laptop doesn’t use much electricity. s Many va con sustantivos contables en preguntas y oraciones negativas. Do you see many good photographs on Flickr? George doesn’t write many emails. He prefers to send text messages. s Much y many se pueden usar también en oraciones afirmativas, aunque no es común. A lot of s A lot of se refiere a un gran número o una gran cantidad de algo. Se usa tanto con sustantivos contables como incontables. You can find a lot of information on the Internet. There are a lot of new computers in that shop. Were there a lot of people at the party? There isn’t a lot of food but there´s enough to make dinner.
+ ?
80
A few, a little, a bit of s A few, a little y a bit of indican un pequeño número o una pequeña cantidad. Se utiliza a few con sustantivos contables, y a little y a bit of con incontables. There are a few flowers in the garden but not many. There’s a little juice in the fridge if you´re thirsty. Can you help me with this computer? – OK, I’ve got a bit of time before I go to work.
GRAN NÚMERO
GRAN CANTIDAD
PEQUEÑO NÚMERO
PEQUEÑA CANTIDAD
sustantivos contables en plural
sustantivos incontables
sustantivos contables en plural
sustantivos incontables
a lot of
a lot of
a lot of / many
a lot of / much
a few
a little / a bit of
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Ayudándote de los dibujos, escribe las instrucciones combinando verbos y sustantivos de los recuadros. Can you help me with my new camera?
1
2
3
4
5
Sure!
put in (x 2)
turn on
close
open
the cover (x 2)
the battery
the memory card
the camera
First, (1) ............. . Then, (2) ............. . Next, (3) ............. . After that, (4) ............. . Finally, (5) ............. . 2
Completa las conversaciones con estas expresiones. HOW DO ) START MOVING
WAIT A MINUTE
YOU CHECK
THEN DO ) START
,IKE THIS
DO ) DO FIRST
A: Have you ever driven before? B: No, I haven’t. What (1) ...................? A: Well, first you adjust your seat. Then, (2) ................... the mirrors. B: /+ THE ENGINE A: Yes, that’s right. B: Fine. And (4) ...................? A: You push in the pedal and then let it out slowly. B: (5) ...................? A: YES GOOD .O .O 3TOP 3
Completa las frases con much, many o a lot of. En algunos casos, hay más de una respuesta correcta. 1 My sister has got ................... FRIENDS ON &ACEBOOK n OVER 2 I haven’t downloaded ................... applications on my phone – only two or three. 3 Do you spend ................... time on your computer every day? 4 0HIL LISTENS TO ................... music on his mp3 while he travels to work. 5 I don’t have ................... work today so I’m going home early. 6 Ken gets ................... junk mail every day – he really hates it. 7 Did you take ................... good photographs on your holidays? 8 There are ................... useful sites on the Internet for people learning English.
4
Completa las frases con a little o a few y las palabras del recuadro. information
words
time
days
French
ideas
1 The teacher gave us ................... to help us to learn English vocabulary. It’s important to spend ................... every day revising new words. 2 I met some French students the other day. They only spoke ................... of English. I was able to communicate with them because I know ................... . 3 They were only in the country for ................... . I gave them ................... about the town. 5
La información de estas frases es incorrecta. Vuelve a escribirlas con la información correcta.
1 Not many people live in China. …..…………………………………………………………………............... 2 Bill Gates doesn’t have much money. …..……………………………………………………………..…….. 3 A lot of astronauts have walked on the Moon. …..…………………………………………………...…….. 4 Cactuses need a lot of water to live. …..…………………………………………………………...….....….. 5 To print a document, first you press the print button. Then you put paper in the printer. ………… ………………………………………………………..………………………………...............……………...……
THAT’S ENGLISH!
81
Adverbs of manner A
Comparison of adverbs Asking for confirmation
Adverbs of manner s 5SAMOS LOS ADVERBIOS DE MODO PARA DESCRIBIR CØMO SE HACE UNA acción. We couldn’t understand the play because the actors spoke very quietly. They drove quickly because they were late for the film. s ,A MAYORÓA DE ADVERBIOS DE MODO SE FORMAN A×ADIENDO -ly al ADJETIVO /BSERVA ALGUNOS CAMBIOS ORTOGRÉFICOS EN EL SIGUIENTE cuadro.
I told you. Eat your soup slowly. It’s hot!
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
EXAMPLE
bad careful
badly carefully
Paul speaks French badly. Sue listened carefully.
heavy
heavily
It was raining heavily.
terrible
terribly
She sang terribly.
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
He played enthusiastically.
s !LGUNOS ADVERBIOS TIENEN LA MISMA FORMA QUE SU ADJETIVO Y OTROS SON IRREGULARES
B
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
EXAMPLE
fast hard good
fast hard well
I like fast cars. / I usually drive fast. She has a hard job. / She works hard. She’s a good singer. / She sings very well.
Comparison of adverbs s 0ARA HACER COMPARACIONES POSITIVAS CON LOS ADVERBIOS ACABADOS EN ly usamos more ... than; con la mayoría de los adverbios irregulares (sin -ly) añadimos -er. Melanie drives more carefully than her sister. She also drives more slowly than her sister. Chris runs faster than Harry. I work harder than other people in my office. s /BSERVA CØMO HACEMOS COMPARACIONES CON well y badly. Keith plays the guitar well, but John plays better. Didn’t Ann Garrett win an Oscar for Katy dresses badly, but Naomi dresses worse. ‘Treason’? s 0ARA HACER COMPARACIONES NEGATIVAS CON LOS ADVERBIOS USAMOS less … than o not as … as. Charles speaks less clearly than Carol. Charles does not speak as clearly as Carol. s #UANDO COMPARAMOS DOS ACCIONES IGUALES USAMOS as … as. Did she? I can’t remember. Anyway, Ken cooks as well as a professional chef.
she acted as badly as she usually does.
C
Asking for confirmation s #UANDO QUEREMOS CONFIRMAR UNA INFORMACIØN DE LA QUE NO ESTAMOS SEGUROS PODEMOS USAR UNA pregunta negativa. Isn’t Hollywood in San Francisco? Didn’t ‘The Artist‘ win the Oscar for best film in 2012? s 3I SABEMOS LA RESPUESTA A LA PREGUNTA NEGATIVA SOLEMOS USAR UNA RESPUESTA CORTA Wasn’t Jennifer married? – Yes, she was. Doesn’t the President live in New York? – No, he doesn’t. s 3I NO ESTAMOS SEGUROS DE LA RESPUESTA A UNA PREGUNTA NEGATIVA SOLEMOS RESPONDER CON UNA pregunta afirmativa con entonación ascendente, expresando así nuestra duda o sorpresa. Didn’t Bruce Springsteen give a concert here last year? – Did he? Aren’t the Olympic Games starting next week? – Are they?
82
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Escribe frases diciendo qué sucede en cada situación. Usa los verbos y adverbios de los recuadros. 1
sing shout
drive run
2
snow
3
wait
play
Example: She is driving slowly. 1 …………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………….. 3 …………………………………………….. 2
4
loudly
heavily
5
fast
angrily
6
nervously
slowly
badly
4 ……………………………………………. 5 ……………………………………………. 6 …………………………………………….
Completa las frases con la forma correcta de la palabra entre paréntesis – adjetivo o adverbio.
1 Kirsten Dunst was ................. (fantastic) in ‘Melancholia’. She acted ................. (wonderful). 2 The fans waited ................. (patient) to get their tickets. They behaved very ................. (good). 3 I didn’t enjoy the concert at all. The band were really ................. (bad) and the lead singer sang ................. (terrible). 4 Although it was raining ................. (heavy), Fran drove very ................. (fast). It was a really ................. (dangerous) journey. 5 Judy filled in the form ................. (careful) because she didn’t want to make any mistakes. 6 She spoke so ................. (quiet) that I couldn’t hear her. 3
Relaciona los adverbios del recuadro con los verbos de las ilustraciones y escribe oraciones comparando las personas y animales que aparecen en ellas.
(eat)
Jane / Mary
4 (run) Kitty / Bonzo
1 (drive) Kate / George
5 WORK ,OUISE ,ARRY
2 PLAY 2ORY 'ERRY
3 SPEAK %NGLISH ,OLA !NA
6 EAT 0AULA +AREN
badly dangerously fast hard healthily politely well / fluently
Example: Mary eats more politely than Jane. 1 …………………………………………….. 4 …………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………….. 5 …………………………………………….. 3 …………………………………………….. 6 …………………………………………….. 4
Rory quiere que Andrea le confirme cierta información y ella no está segura de las respuestas. Escribe los diálogos. Example: Francis Ford Coppola made The Godfather (?) 2ORY Didn’t Francis Ford Coppola make The Godfather? Andrea: Did he? 1 4HE CONCERT STARTS AT OCLOCK 2 ,IV4YLER IS THE DAUGHTER OF A ROCK STAR 3 %VA 'REEN APPEARED IN A *AMES "OND FILM 4 "RUCE 3PRINGSTEEN HAS PERFORMED IN -ADRID THREE TIMES 5 3HAKIRA IS SINGING AT 2OCK IN 2IO THIS YEAR 6 $ANIEL #RAIG AND 2ACHEL 7EISZ GOT MARRIED IN "ARBADOS
THAT’S ENGLISH!
2ORY 2ORY 2ORY 2ORY 2ORY 2ORY
!NDREA !NDREA !NDREA !NDREA !NDREA !NDREA
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Passive voice Three people have been arrested in this house in East London this morning.
A
Use of the passive voice: for focus (emphasis) s 5SAMOS LA VOZ PASIVA CUANDO QUEREMOS destacar el complemento de una acción. El complemento de un verbo activo se convierte en el sujeto de un verbo pasivo. Active voice: A storm injured three people yesterday. Complemento
0ASSIVE VOICE Three people were injured in a storm yesterday. Sujeto
En la oración en voz pasiva, queremos resaltar que han resultado heridas tres personas, por encima del hecho de que fue en la tormenta donde resultaron heridas. s ,A PASIVA SE UTILIZA CON FRECUENCIA CUANDO el agente (quien realiza la acción) es obvio o no nos interesa, por lo que muchas veces no aparece en las oraciones en voz pasiva. Five young men were arrested last night. (El agente es obvio: la policía.) Over 10 million iPods are sold every year. (No es importante quién los vende.) s No obstante, a veces sí nos interesa mencionar al agente y lo incluimos al final de la frase, con by. Voz activa: The President opened the ceremony. Sujeto
Voz pasiva: The ceremony was opened by the President. Agente
Si el agente es una cosa: He was hit by a falling stone. (accidental) He was hit with a stone. (deliberado: instrumento) Si el agente es un lugar puede expresarse como complemento de lugar con in: Three people were injured in a storm. B
Form TENSES
FORM
• Sujeto + am/ is / are + participio Present simple
+ Ten million text messages are sent every day. – The iPhone isn’t manufactured in the USA. ? Are newspapers printed here? How is glass made?
• Sujeto + was / were + participio Past simple
+ Ten houses were destroyed by a fire last night. – The 2010 World Cup wasn’t played in Brazil. ? Was anyone killed in the fire? Where were the stolen documents found?
When was that white thing built?
• Sujeto + has / have been + participio Present perfect
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+ A new planet has been discovered. – The damaged houses haven’t been repaired. ? Have the stolen jewels been found? Where has the new planet been discovered?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercises 1
Elige la opción correcta y subraya el foco de interés en cada caso. A major hurricane (1) devastated / was devastated the eastern United States last week. Many houses (2) destroyed / were destroyed, sea water (3) covered / was covered the streets in several towns and electricity (4) has not restored / has not been restored yet in some places. Angry residents (5) are protesting / are being protested to the local authorities.
2
Escribe estos titulares de periódico con frases completas en voz pasiva. Incluye los artículos donde sea necesario. %XAMPLE 47/ -%. !22%34%$ ,!34 .)'(4 Two men were arrested last night.
3
1
A ………………………………………..….
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The ……………………………...…….
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………………………………………..…...
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The ………………………………………………….…....
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A …………………………………………………….................
Escribe preguntas en voz pasiva con las pautas dadas. Example: That’s a wonderful car. Where / made?
Where was it made?
1 I like that photograph. Where / taken?
……………………….....………………………….
2 This camera is very cheap. Where / made?
……………………….....………………………….
3 Your house looks different. it / redecorated recently? ……………………….....………………………….
4
4 Those pictures are beautiful. When / painted?
……………………….....………………………….
5 Jack looks very happy today. he / promoted?
……………………….....………………………….
6 ‘This magazine is very successful.’ @2EALLY (OW MANY SOLD EACH WEEK
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Transforma las siguientes frases en voz pasiva sin que cambie el significado. Omite el agente si no es necesario. 1 News Corporation sells 3 million copies of The Sun newspaper in Britain every day. ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2UPERT -URDOCH OWNS .EWS #ORPORATION .......................................................................................... 3 The police have investigated reporters from the company. .............................................................. 4 They arrested a senior editor in March 2012. ...................................................................................... 5 2EPORTERS HACKED THE PHONES OF FAMOUS PEOPLE ............................................................................... 6 They stole confidential information. .................................................................................................... 7 -EMBERS OF 0ARLIAMENT QUESTIONED 2UPERT -URDOCH AND HIS SON .................................................. 8 The FBI has opened an investigation. ..................................................................................................
5
Completa el texto con la forma correcta de los verbos entre paréntesis. Scientists have just confirmed that they (1) .......... (detect) signs of intelligent life outside our Solar 3YSTEM 2ADIO SIGNALS .......... (receive) by a NASA space probe at the end of last year. The signals (3) .......... (send) from a galaxy 200,000 light years away. The information (4) .......... (not make) public at that time: it (5) .......... (analyse) by an international team of scientists for the last two months and the NASA experts (6) .......... (want) to check the data now. The big question is: Why (7) .......... we .......... (contact)?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Answer Key Vocabulary ANSWER KEY VOCABULARY Habits and lifestyles Exercise 1 1 commute to work 2 checks his emails 3 makes calls 4 has a meeting 5 has a coffee break 6 have a good work-life balance 7 has Friday off 8 goes away 9 lie in bed 10 does exercise 11 does the crossword 12 does voluntary work 13 watches the news 14 eat out Exercise 2 1 Maribel cycles to university. 2 She attends lectures. 3 Yes, she has to present a project to the class. 4 She texts a classmate. 5 Because she has to revise for exams in May. 6 Yes, she uses social networking sites to keep in touch. Exercise 3 1c 2g 3h/d
4e
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Exercise 4 (suggested answers) 2 I don’t eat out on Mondays I eat out at weekends / once a month / every Sunday, etc. 3 I never / don’t have a nap in the afternoons I have a nap every day / at weekends / only on Fridays, etc. 4 I never write reports / I sometimes write reports I write reports once a year / at the end of the week, etc. 5 I never / hardly ever / don’t usually / don’t often, etc. catch a bus I catch a bus everyday / only on weekdays, etc. 6 I never do homework I do homework every evening / at weekends, etc. 7 I never have a day off I have a day off once a week / twice a month / every month, etc. 8 I never / don’t usually surf the Internet I surf the Internet every morning / at night / at weekends, etc. 9 I never cut the grass I cut the grass every day / once a week / very rarely, etc.
Feelings Turning points in life Exercise 1 surprised comfortable confident interested depressed excited angry annoyed bored confused sad relaxed nervous happy foolish tired worried 1 excited 2 bored 3 annoyed / angry 4 confused 5 tired 6 nervous / worried 7 relaxed 8 happy Exercise 2 3 Ursula doesn´t like romantic films but Hugh loves them. 4 Martin likes coffee and his girlfriend likes tea. 5 Bill enjoys eating sushi but Sheila can’t stand eating raw fish. 6 My father adores dogs but Sheila doesn´t like them. 7 Bill loves classical music but Sheila doesn´t like it. 8 Anne doesn´t like sport and Joe doesn´t mind watching football. Exercise 3 1 buy a flat 2 get married / a pet / a degree 3 finish a degree 4 move to a different city 5 get a pet / married / a degree 6 start a family / her own business 7 leave home 8 meet James 9 start her own business / a family Exercise 4 (...) 1980. She finished her / a degree in 1985. In 1990 she started her own business. In 1995 she bought a flat. In 1996 she met James and they got married in 1998. They started a family in 2000. In 2003 she / they got a pet. In 2005 they moved to a different city.
Learning languages Exercise 1 1 f. reading 2 e. pronunciation 3 a. self-study / vocabulary 4 b. grammar 5 g. listening 6 d. motivation / self-study 7 c. learning from mistakes Exercise 2 1 Keith is very lucky - he has a good ear for languages. 2 I prefer reading to speaking - I’m a bit shy.
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3 I like to listen to music when I revise for exams. 4 Making mistakes is part of learning a new language. 5 The important thing is to communicate - don’t worry if you’re right or wrong. Exercise 3 1 You speak too fast when you get nervous. pr / v / adv / adv / conj / pr / v / adj 2 I love fast cars. A good race can be really exciting. pr / v / adj / n / art / adj / n / v (aux) / v / adv / adj 3 Shall I book tickets for a theatre play or do you v (aux) / pr / v / n / prep /art / n / n / conj / v (aux) / pr / prefer to watch the race? / v / prep / v / art / n 4 I lost my watch in the pool yesterday. Swimming can pr / v / adj / n / prep / art / n / adv / v / v(aux) / be expensive! v / adj Exercise 4 1 Headword 2 Word class 3 Countable / uncountable 4 Definition 5 Example 6 Different meaning 7 Antonym 8 Synonym Exercise 5 1 Could you speak more slowly, please? / Could you say that again, please? 2 Could you speak louder, please? 3 do you say 'lubina' in English? 4 Could you say that again, please? 5 does ‘poured’ mean? / does ‘pour’ mean?
Illnesses and treatments Exercise 1 1 f) He’s got a sore stomach. I think he eats too much fatty food. 2 e) She’s got a broken arm. They’ve put it in plaster. 3 d) He says he’s got a high temperature. 4 c) My ear hurts and I’ve got a pain in my neck 5 b) I think she’s sprained her ankle 6 a) David has cut his arm Exercise 2 1 I’ve got a stomach ache / my stomach hurts 2 I’ve got a cough 3 I’ve got a pain in my back / my back hurts / I’ve got backache 4 I’ve got a sore throat / my throat hurts 5 I’ve got a broken leg / I’ve broken my leg 6 I’ve got a toothache / my tooth hurts 7 I’ve twisted / sprained my ankle Exercise 3 1 suffer from 2 have got a 3 feel 4 cut
c) sleeping pills a) painkillers, appointment d) Do, healthy, hard b) Put on, room
Exercise 4 1 P: I feel terrible. D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a temperature and a sore throat. D: You’ve got an infection. Take some / these antibiotics, stay in bed and drink liquids. 2 P: I don’t feel well. D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a sore stomach / a headache and I can’t sleep. D: You are stressed. Don’t work so hard.
Travelling by plane and by train Exercise 1 4
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
Answer Key Vocabulary Exercise 2 1 toilet 2 return (ticket) 3 single (ticket) 4 holiday 5 carriage 6 car 7 vacation 8 one-way (ticket) 9 round ticket 10 restroom Exercise 3 1 A window seat (f) 2 have to fasten your seat belt (b) 3 in the luggage compartment (d) 4 First class (e) 5 boarding pass (c) 6 a heavy suitcase (a) Exercise 4 1 train station 2 take 3 timetable 4 ticket office 5 trains 6 direct 7 sleeping carriage / sleeping car / sleeper 8 journey 9 take
Clothes Accessories Exercise 1 1 sweatshirt 2 handbag 3 belt 4 waistcoat / vest 5 tie 6 shirt 7 cardigan 8 shorts 9 dress 10 leather jacket Exercise 2 high-heeled shoes: 1 trainers: 5 denim jacket: 2 suit: 1 cap: 2 hat: 1, 3 tie: 1 top: 2, 4, 5 pyjamas: 4 raincoat: 3 tracksuit: 5 slippers: 4 Exercise 3 Julie (image 3): top, denim jacket, earrings Janet (image 1): suit, look, tight, slim, high-heeled shoes, necklace John (image 2): pyjamas , woollen jumper, overcoat, gloves, hat Janice (image 4): average, tracksuit, trainers, cap Exercise 4 1 casual 2 old-fashioned 3 lighter 4 fit 5 medium 6 changing-room 7 wonderful 8 suits 9 reduced
1 Jane is going to move to another country. She’s going to get a new job, and she’s going to grow her hair long. 2 Paul is going to take up photography. He’s going to grow a beard, and he’s going to go on a yoga retreat. 3 Dan is going to grow a moustache. He’s going to go on holiday, and he’s going to get a new car. 4 Lesley is going to take up karate. She’s going to grow her hair long, and she’s going to go on a cruise.
Personal biography and life achievements Exercise 1 1d 2c 3a 4b 5h 6g 7f 8e 1 living on a farm 2 fall in love 3 got divorced 4 buying their own house / flat 5 making friends 6 Bringing up children 7 moving to a bigger house 8 start a family Exercise 2 1 have run a marathon 2 has won a medal 3 has written a bestseller 4 have walked across the desert 5 has done charity work 6 has climbed a mountain / Everest 7 have recorded an album Exercise 3 1 took 2 won 3 graduated 4 compete 5 joined 6 got 7 start 8 left 9 met Exercise 4 2d 3a 4f 5b 6c 1 (...) played for Real Madrid 2 (...) started Apple Computer 3 (...) competed at the London Olympics 4 (...) wrote Hey Jude in 1968 5 (...) flew across the Atlantic in 1927
Job hunting (working conditions, looking for a job, a CV, a job interview) Exercise 1
Personal details Personality Behaviour 3
Exercise 1 1 single 2 couple 3 divorced 4 married 5 age 6 marital status Exercise 2 1 widow 2 unemployed 3 middle-aged 4 a pensioner / retired 5 single parent Exercise 3 1 hard-working 2 rude 3 kind 4 unhelpful 5 friendly 6 sociable / outgoing 7 quiet 8 impatient 9 outgoing 10 disloyal Exercise 4 1 A: noisy B: good manners 2 A: lazy 3 A: sociable / outgoing B: shy / unsociable 4 A: helpful 5 A: relaxed B: anxious Exercise 5 (suggested answers) … argue, shout and listen to loud music. At number 19, there is an elderly woman who is quiet, helpful and friendly. She is polite and sociable, and she gets on well with her neighbours.
Bad habits Plans and arrangements Intentions and resolutions Exercise 1 1 smoking 2 watches TV 3 gossips 4 swears 5 eating fatty foods 6 spending a lot of money 7 wasting 8 biting Exercise 2 1 optician's 2 having dinner with friends 3 hairdresser’s 4 picking up the children 5 take a driving test 6 going to a funeral 7 beauty parlour 8 sit an exam Exercise 3 1 taking part in 2 catch 3 move to 4 starting 5 getting 6 growing / going to grow
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Exercise 2 1 (a) job hunting (b) job advert (c) CV (d) Human Resources Department 2 (a) application (b) covering letter (c) referees (d) applicant (e) job interview 3 (a) interviewer (b) salary / holidays (c) holidays / salary Exercise 3 1 Personal details: 33, married 2 Education and qualifications: BA 3 Languages: Spanish 4 Employment and work experience: Salesman, to 5 Other skills, interests and hobbies: cooking 6 Personal goals: learn
Exercise 4 1d 2c 3e 4a 5b
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Answer Key Vocabulary Exercise 4 1 Why do you want to work for us? (d) 2 Do you have any work experience? (g) 3 What are you good at? (b) 4 What are your bad points? (e) 5 Do you prefer working alone or in a team? (a) 6 What is your greatest achievement? (f) 7 What are your interests? (c)
Family rules Leisure activities Exercise 1 1 go to bed 2 do your homework 3 play truant from school 4 be clean and organised 5 drink alcohol 6 play loud music Exercise 2 1 You can hang out with friends at the weekends. // You mustn’t hang out with friends late at night / after 11. 2 You mustn’t play computer games after 11 / late at night. // You can play computer games at the weekend. 3 You must finish your homework before you watch TV. 4 You must keep your clothes in your wardrobe. 5 You can go for bike rides in the countryside / at the weekends. // You mustn’t go for bike rides late at night / after 11. 6 You mustn’t go to bed late at night / after 11. Exercise 3 1 Will likes to hang out with friends at the weekends. 2 When his mother is tired, Nick sometimes helps with the shopping. 3 George hates school. He often plays truant. 4 Veronica goes out late on Sunday nights, so she’s always tired on Mondays. 5 John is very tidy – he always knows where everything is. 6 The baby made a mess in the kitchen – her milk was all over the floor. 7 I’m going to do housework next Saturday morning. Exercise 4 1 don’t have 2 well behaved 3 gives me a lot of advice 4 argue 5 trust me 6 discuss 7 complain about 8 rude
2 advertising
Musical styles and instruments Exercise 1
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Exercise 2 1 saxophonist / saxophone player 2 pianist / piano player 3 bass player 4 keyboard player 5 guitarist / guitar player 6 drummer 7 electric guitar player 8 violinist / violin player Exercise 3 1 a composer 2 a film soundtrack 3 headphones 4 mp3 players / iPods 5 loudspeakers 6 an orchestra Exercise 4 1 band 2 album 3 music 4 tour 5 concerts 6 live 7 lyrics 8 songwriter 9 downloaded 10 iPod
Traditions, festivals and public holidays
Advertising Exercise 1 1 advertise
Exercise 4 1 Candidates must pass a medical examination to work for this company. 2 There was a lot of excitement in the audience as they waited for the comedy show to start. 3 The spotlight fell on the presenter. The rest of the stage was in darkness. 4 The comedian was terrible. He lost his concentration several times and missed the punchlines. 5 The meeting was long but we finally reached an agreement that satisfied everyone.
3 advertisers
4 ad
5 advertisements
Exercise 1 1 parades 2 fireworks 3 presents 4 costumes 5 decorations 6 bonfires 7 carnival 8 pancakes
Exercise 2 1 An advertising manager 2 A TV commercial 3 A slogan 4 A jingle 5 Catchy 6 Exclusive
Exercise 2 1 pancakes 2 fireworks; bonfires 3 carnival 4 presents 5 parades 6 decorations 7 costumes
Exercise 3 1 is very informative 2 entertaining 3 make you laugh 4 promoting 5 annoying 6 pay attention to
Exercise 3 1 A music festival 2 A beer festival 3 An annual sporting event 4 A celebration of Scottish culture 5 A religious festival 6 A special occasion for married couples anniversary 7 A special day for fathers
Exercise 4 1c 2a 3e 4f 5b 6d Exercise 5 1 (picture d) A: that jingle; B: very catchy, isn’t it? 2 (picture c) A: a special offer; B: get one free 3 (picture a) A: TV commercials come on; B: entertaining 4 (picture b) A: advertising campaign; B: ‘Come to the Cside’
Exercise 4
1 T H A N K 6 S G I V I N G
Humour Adjectives + prepositions Word formation Exercise 1 1 Blue 2 Witty 3 A practical joke 4 The punchline 5 Sitcoms 6 He’s a comedian Exercise 2 1 black humour 2 sarcastic 3 sense of humour 4 laugh; funny 5 humorous 6 intelligent Exercise 3 1 crazy about 2 famous for 3 interested in 4 frightened of 5 happy about 6 worried about 7 proud of 8 good at
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d) Woodstock f) Oktoberfest a) The FA Cup Final e) St Andrew’s Day b) Easter g) A wedding c) Father’s Day
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THAT’S ENGLISH!
Answer Key Vocabulary Exercices Exercise 5 1 On Bonfire Night, people light / make bonfires and watch / light fireworks. 2 On Thanksgiving, Americans cook a special dinner with turkey. 3 On April Fool’s Day, people play games and tricks on other people. 4 On Shrove Tuesday, people make / cook pancakes. 5 On St Patrick’s Day, people drink green beer.
Sleep and dreams Verbs of movement Exercise 1 1 bedtime 2 snoring 3 stay up late 4 nap 5 siesta[*] 6 a good night’s sleep 7 fall asleep 8 lies awake 9 wake up 10 feel sleepy 11 exhausted [*] ‘Siesta’ se utiliza en inglés para un sueño, más bien largo, después de la comida del mediodía.
Exercise 2 1 a 2 h 3 e 4 i 5 c 6 g 7 d 8 l 9 b 10 k 11 f 12 j Exercise 3 1 When you daydream, (b) you are awake. 2 People take sleeping pills when they (c) can’t sleep. 3 A sleepwalker is a person who (a) walks around while they are asleep. 4 People say ‘sweet dreams’ to someone (a) at bedtime. 5 When a person has insomnia, he or she (b) can’t sleep. Exercise 4 1 stay 2 nap 3 pill 4 about 5 jumped 6 walked / ran 7 crawled 8 climbed 9 was swinging 10 ran / walked 11 chased 12 were driving
The environment issues
Recycling
Environmental
Exercise 2 Di 1 natural disasters H d; A c 2 tropical rainforest; cut down trees Jb 3 greenhouse effect Cg 4 infertile soil Bj 5 clean up beaches Eh 6 environmentally-conscious Fa 7 ozone layer Gf 8 global warming Ie 9 bottle bank
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Exercise 1 1 musical 2 ballet 3 opera 4 plays 5 gigs; concert 6 cabaret 7 film 8 concert hall 9 arenas
Exercise 3 1 A stuntman 2 A comedy 3 A magician 4 A horror film 5 Science fiction 6 The stage crew Exercise 4 1 auditions 2 get a part 3 his lines 4 rehearsing 5 opens 6 costume 7 applauds 8 performance
Exercise 1 1f 2b 3a 4e 5h 6c 7d 8g
1
F O R E S T F I R E
Show business: types of entertainment, places, people
The Media: TV and radio, the press, online news Politics
Exercise 4
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Exercise 4 1 go online and open my email (f) 2 opening a document, I always check for viruses (h) 3 attach a document to my mail before sending it (a) 4 save my work, and I always do it before I switch off my computer. (b) 5 crashes – when that happens, (…), If I have to wait a lot before I can start it again (e) 6 chatting online to using (…) I just don’t like making phone calls. (g) 7 blog every day so that my friends know all my news. (c) 8 download films from pirate sites. (d) 9 log off
Exercise 5 1 costumes 2 stage 3 audience 4 curtain
Exercise 3 1 left on 2 wasted 3 polluted 4 environmentally conscious 5 turn off 6 recycle 7 glass 8 drop 9 clean up 10 plant 11 alternative 12 public transport
5 5 D R O O U G H T
Exercise 3 1 broadband 2 social network 3 switch on a computer 4 go online 5 website 6 email address 7 post a message 8 log off 9 charge the battery 10 upload a photo
Exercise 2 1b 2c 3c 4a 5a 6c
Exercise 1 1 smoke and carbon emissions 2 factory waste 3 sewage 4 rubbish 5 litter 6 acid rain 7 car exhaust fumes 8 pesticides
4
Exercise 2 1 laptop 2 fax machine 3 portable hard drive 4 laser printers 5 cursor; icon 6 USB ports 7 screen 8 headset 9 smartphone
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Exercise 2 1 daily newspaper 2 Sunday newspaper 3 quality press 4 Tabloids 5 magazines Exercise 3 1 A foreign correspondent 2 An editor 3 A press photographer 4 A war correspondent 5 A newsreader Exercise 4 1 news website 2 ten o’clock news 3 news channels 4 presenters 5 commercials 6 on the radio 7 radio stations
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Exercise 5 1a 2d 3d 4c 5b
Computers and the Internet Exercise 1 1 keyboard 2 mouse 3 printer 4 speakers 5 pendrive 6 tablet 7 smartphone 8 headset / headphones
THAT’S ENGLISH!
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Answer Key Grammar ANSWER KEY GRAMMAR Present simple / Present continuous Exercise 1 1b 2f 3e 4c 5h 6a 7g 8d Exercise 2 1 are you working 2 Do you like 3 Do you eat 4 is Kate doing 5 Is she looking for 6 Does he prefer Exercise 3 1 is running 2 never eats 3 OK 4 do you usually do 5 isn’t raining 6 don’t need 7 OK 8 isn’t playing Exercise 4 1 am sitting 2 is shining 3 don’t open 4 wants 5 is shopping 6 needs 7 walk 8 don’t want 9 Is it raining 10 ´m feeling 11 is playing 12 is working 13 never gets 14 don’t want 15 are having 16 hate 17 ’m waiting 18 usually stays
Past simple
Past time clauses How long? and For
Exercise 1 1 passed 2 left 3 didn’t go 4 studied 5 found [*] 6 met 7 fell 8 didn’t want 9 bought 10 got 11 had 12 started [*] 5: ‘got’ también es posible, pero se necesita para 10
Exercise 2 1 How long did Kate and Alan work together? They worked together for three years. 2 When did they get married? They got married in 2005. 3 How long did Alan work in France? He worked there for three months. 4 When did they go to Venice? They went there last month. [*] 5 When did they have a baby? They had a baby two years ago. [*] 4: No es posible ‘How long did they go to Venice for? They went to Venice for a month’ porque necesitaríamos tener en la pregunta ‘a month’ o ‘one month’
Exercise 3 1 Julie didn’t start school when she was four years old. She started school when she was five (years old). 2 She didn’t play hockey before she went to university. She started playing hockey when she went to university. 3 She didn’t take a trip round the world after she moved to South Africa. She took a trip round the world before she moved to South Africa. 4 She didn’t buy a house before she went back to England. She bought a house when (/ after) she went back to England. 5 She didn’t become a professional photographer when she was in South Africa. She became a professional photographer after she went back to England. Exercise 4 1 Sarah started school when she was 4. 2 After I left school I went into the army. 3 The first time I fell in love I was 14. 4 Before I went to England I didn’t speak any English. 5 When I lived with my parents I didn’t go out every night.
Permission: can can't may may not Advice: should shouldn't Exercise 1 1 Can I turn on the TV, please? 2 May I take a photo, please? 3 May I use the toilet, please? 4 Can / may I bring my dog with me, please? 5 Can / may I touch the animals / the monkey, please? Exercise 2 1 You may / can wear jeans but you may not / cannot wear shorts. [*] 2 You can pay cash but you cannot pay with a credit card. 3 You may / can look at the paintings but you may not / cannot touch the paintings. [*] 4 You can borrow 20 € but you cannot borrow 100 €. 5 You may / can drink water but you may not / cannot drink beer. [*] [*] Es más probable que se utilice ‘may’ si quien habla tiene cierta autoridad.
Exercise 3 1 You should buy a good bilingual dictionary. 2 You should try to learn five new words every day. 3 You should try to make English-speaking friends. 4 You shouldn’t try to speak too fast. 5 You shouldn’t worry if you don’t understand native speakers. 6 You shouldn’t forget to do your homework.
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Exercise 4 1 Should she visit the Prado Museum? Yes, she should. 2 Should they go to an Indian restaurant? No, they shouldn’t. 3 Should he try to learn Chinese? No, he shouldn’t. 4 Should they go to Vietnam for their honeymoon? No, they shouldn’t. 5 Should he visit Asturias in Spain during his holiday? Yes, he should.
Obligation: must have to
Necessity: need to
Exercise 1 1 must listen to / have to listen to 2 Do I have to go z 3 must talk to / have to talk to 4 must read / has to read 5 must get / have to get 6 Do they have to take Exercise 2 1 I have to help her with her revision. 2 He has to go to the dentist. 3 I have to buy her a present. 4 I have to get a new one. 5 They have to wash it. 6 You have to change your glasses. Exercise 3 1 Do we have to / Do we need to fasten our seatbelts? 2 Do I have to pay a fine? [*] 3 Do I / we have to / Do I / we need to speak English in class? [*] 4 Do I have to / Do I need to take my passport? 5 Do I have to / Do I need to take antibiotics? 6 Do I have to work this afternoon? [*] [*] ‘need to’ también es posible, pero es más natural con 'have to', por la situación; con 'have to' se enfatiza la idea de obligación, y con 'need to' la de necesidad.
Exercise 4 1 Ethan has to / must help in the garden. [*] 2 Ellie has to / needs to / must study. 3 Andrew needs to / has to / must fix his bicycle. 4 Colin has to / must / take the dog for a walk. [*] 5 Gwen has to / needs to / must make a cake. 6 Jess and Matt have to / need to / must choose a name for their baby. 7 Janine has to / must pay for the broken cup [*] [*] ‘need to’ sería menos natural.
Exercise 5 1 Do they must take off their shoes before they come in? have to 2 Jane lives outside the city so she have take a train daily. has to 3 Have you to carry your ID card always? Do you have 4 I can’t come out – I need finish my homework. need to 5 We don’t have any tickets - need we get to the cinema early? Do we need to
Questions Time expressions Exercise 1 Anne: What do you do / are you doing on your laptop now? Joe: I’m checking how to get to the Killers concert. Have you ever seen / Did you ever seen them? Anne: No, I haven’t. Joe: You want / Do you want to come? Anne: Have you got / Do you have got tickets? Joe: Yes, I got them this morning. Anne: What time does it starts / does it start? Joe: At nine. Anne: Great. Can Tina come / Can come Tina too? Joe: I’ve only got two tickets. Anne: OK, don’t worry. Do we need to / Need we be there early? Joe: No, I think 8.30 is fine. What time do / does you have to be home? Anne: I can’t stay out after midnight. Should we / Do we should eat something before the concert? Joe: Yes, we should. Are you going to / Do you go to be at band practice tomorrow? Anne: Yes. We can decide where to meet tomorrow. Joe: Fine. Bye! Exercise 2 1 When does the flight leave? 2 Must we be / Do we have to be at the airport two hours before departure? 3 How much does the airport bus cost? 4 Where is our hotel? 5 When did it open? 6 Do they serve breakfast? 7 Can you / I smoke in the hotel? 8 What should we visit? Exercise 3 1 Was the hotel OK? 2 How did you get around the city? 3 Were English people friendly? 4 Where did you have your meals? 5 What do Londoners do in the evening? 6 How much did the British Museum cost? 7 When did you get back? 8 Did you buy me a present?
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Answer Key Grammar Exercise 4 1 Phil plays tennis once a month 2 Brad and Linda have a holiday twice a year but they hardly ever travel by plane 3 Daphne goes abroad once a year 4 Brad and Linda play tennis every evening / in the evening 5 Daphne plays tennis every day 6 Phil goes abroad five times a year 7 Brad and Linda are going abroad next month 8 Phil had a holiday in April 2011
What (a)…! How…! definite article
Use and omission of the
Exercise 1 1 great news 2 a pity 3 beautiful 4 exciting 5 an awful job Exercise 2 1 What amazing sunglasses! / How amazing! 2 What an incredible concert! / How incredible! 3 What a disgusting meal! / How disgusting! 4 What wonderful cars! / How wonderful! 5 What a fantastic view! / How fantastic! 6 What a beautiful dress! / How beautiful!
Exercise 2 1 She isn’t playing tennis before work on Monday. She’s playing tennis after work. 2 She isn’t having dinner with the girls on Wednesday evening. She’s having dinner with them on Tuesday. 3 She isn’t going to the gym on Tuesday morning. She’s going on Wednesday morning. 4 She isn’t seeing the dentist on Friday. She’s seeing the dentist on Thursday. 5 She isn’t having a party on Thursday. She’s having it on Saturday. Exercise 3 1 Are you going to study 2 is having. 3 is Frankie leaving / is Frankie going to leave 4 are your friends arriving / are your friends going to arrive? Exercise 4 1 to improve / to understand 2 speaking / writing 3 learning 4 to check 5 to come back 6 taking 7 to stay 8 to answer 9 working
Exercise 3 1 Harry hates exams, but the Science exams that he had yesterday were not too difficult. 2 My sister likes bright clothes. She thinks dark clothes are boring. 3 This is a good cinema. The seats are very comfortable and the tickets are cheap. 4 My favourite sport is tennis. The tennis club at my sports centre is fantastic. 5 It’s hard for young people to find work nowadays. 6 I went swimming yesterday. The water was freezing. 7 John always wears sunglasses because he has a problem with his eyes. 8 I never go to Luigi’s Pizzas. The food is expensive and the waiters are really rude.
Present perfect with ever and never / Present perfect simple vs past simple
Exercise 4 1 the 2 Ø 3 Ø 4 Ø 5 the 6 The 7 the 8 the 9 The 10 the
Exercise 3 1 has visited 2 went 3 have, seen 4 watched 5 have never played 6 didn’t come 7 worked 8 has written, won
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms (not) as ... as / less ... than too … / not … enough Exercise 1 1 George is friendlier than Jo. 2 A Ford is cheaper than a Mercedes. 3 Our French teacher is more patient than our English teacher. 4 Monica is better than Karen. 5 Will is less sociable than Jean. 6 Edinburgh is further than Liverpool from London. 7 Nathalie is more polite than Naomi. 8 Mike is fitter than Ron. Exercise 2 1 Madrid is the biggest / most dangerous city in Spain. 2 Antarctica is the coldest continent in the world. 3 U2 is the most successful / most famous rock band in Ireland. 4 The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in New York. 5 The Caribbean is the deepest / most dangerous sea in the world. 6 Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Europe. 7 Rio de Janeiro is the most dangerous / most famous city in Brazil. 8 Shakespeare is the best / most famous / most successful writer in the English language. Exercise 3 1 Edinburgh is not as cold as Aberdeen. / Edinburgh is less cold than Aberdeen. 2 Andrew’s brother is not as talented as Andrew. / Andrew’s brother is less talented than Andrew. 3 A Porsche is as fast as a Ferrari. 4 French isn’t as difficult as Russian. / French is less difficult than Russian. 5 German food isn’t as spicy as Chinese food / German food is less spicy than Chinese food. 6 Jim is as tall as his girlfriend. Exercise 4 1 The coffee is too hot. It is not cold enough. 2 The exam is too difficult. It is not easy enough. 3 His hair is too long. It is not short enough. 4 The bag is too expensive. It is not cheap enough.
Be going to + infinitive Present continuous -ing / to + infinitive Exercise 1 1 Are you going to watch 2 are going to buy / is going to make 3 am not going to invite 4 are you going to wash 5 are not going to eat.
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Exercise 1 1 He has eaten snake. 2 He has appeared on TV many times. 3 He has never been into space. 4 He has written many books. 5 He has never lived in Japan. 6 He has never sailed round the world alone. Exercise 2 1 Have you ever played basketball? 2 Have you ever eaten snake? 3 Have you ever flown a helicopter? 4 Have you ever met a celebrity? 5 Have you ever ridden a horse? 6 Have you ever been skiing? 7 Have you ever driven a Ferrari? 8 Have you ever broken your arm?
Exercise 4 1 Yes, I have. I visited France and Switzerland last year. / Yes, I have. I went to France in June and to Switzerland in November last year. 2 Yes, I have. I met Daniel Craig at a film premiere. 3 Yes, I have. I had snails and a delicious steak in Paris in June. 4 Yes, I have. I broke my arm skiing in November. 5 No, I haven’t. I hate it!
Present perfect simple con for, since, already, yet Exercise 1 1 for 2 since 3 since 4 for 5 since 6 for Exercise 2 1 How long have Sue and George been workmates? They have been workmates since last May. 2 How long has Patrick lived in France? He has lived in France for ten years. 3 How long has Julie liked rock music? She has liked rock music since she was a child. 4 How long have you had those shoes? I’ve had these shoes for two weeks. 5 How long has Rory known Carmen? Rory has known Carmen since they were at university. Exercise 3 1 He’s already done it. 2 No thanks, I’ve already had one. 3 No, they’ve already watched it. 4 She’s already bought them. 5 I’ve already washed them. Exercise 4 1 M: Have you met your tutor yet? A: No, I haven’t met my tutor yet. 2 M: Have you had your first class yet? A: Yes, I’ve already had my first class. 3 M: Have you bought a new computer yet? A: Yes, I’ve already bought a new computer. 4 M: Have you written a letter to Gran yet? A: No, I haven’t written a letter to Gran yet. 5 M: Have you got your student card yet? A: No, I haven’t got my student card yet.
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Answer Key Grammar Exercise 5 1 He hasn’t woken up yet. 2 They haven’t started playing yet. 3 He hasn’t sold his car yet. 4 They haven’t taken off yet. 5 They haven’t finished watching the film yet.
Used to
Mustn’t
Don’t need to / don’t have to
Exercise 1 1 They used to argue a lot. 2 He used to play rugby. 3 They used to go out a lot. 4 He used to watch horror films. 5 They used to eat unhealthy food. Exercise 2 1 used to listen 2 used to read 3 Do you go 4 Did you use to live 5 didn’t use to drink / never used to drink 6 goes 7 never used to do / didn´t use to do 8 Did you use to smoke Exercise 3 1 You mustn’t use your mobile phone. 2 You mustn’t use this gate. 3 You mustn’t park here. 4 You mustn’t bring dogs here. 5 You mustn’t take glass into the pool area. Exercise 4 1 don´t need to / don´t have to 2 mustn’t 3 don’t need to / don´t have to 4 don’t need to / don´t have to 5 mustn’t 6 don’t need to / don´t have to 7 mustn’t 8 don’t need to / don’t have to
If – sentences type I
So … that
Exercise 1 1 walk, will catch 2 won’t, buys 3 will happen, try 4 increase, won’t 5 doesn’t 6 Will, ask Exercise 2 1 If Joe has enough money, he‘ll buy / will buy a new camera. 2 Don’t go to the beach tomorrow if it rains 3 Will you lend me some money if I pay you back this week? 4 If the restaurant is full, we‘ll go / will go to a different one. 5 If Ted doesn’t feel well, he won’t come with us this evening. 6 You won’t pass your exam if you don’t work harder. 7 If the children are hungry, we ‘ll have / we will have lunch now. Exercise 3 1 Jane was so tired that she slept for twelve hours. 2 The exam was so long that the students couldn’t finish it. 3 The weather was so hot that they spent all day on the beach. 4 The drink was so delicious that Frank had another glass. 5 The hotel was so expensive that nobody stayed there. 6 Their new car was so big that it didn’t fit into the garage. 7 The film was so long that we left before the end. 8 She was so talented that the company offered her a job. Exercise 4 1 If I feel / get hungry later, I will / I’ll go to a restaurant OR I will / I’ll make a sandwich. 2 If I feel / get bored today, I will / I’ll watch TV OR I will / I’ll go for a walk. 3 If friends come over for dinner tonight, I will / I’ll make a cake OR I will / I’ll buy some wine. 4 If I have time at the weekend, I will / I’ll clean the house OR I will / I’ll go to the gym. 5 If we miss the bus, we will / we’ll take a taxi OR we will / we’ll go on foot.
Agreeing and disagreeing
3 We did
5 I am 6 I can
Prefer
Exercise 1 1d 2f 3b 4a 5c 6e Exercise 2 1 Lana del Rey is a singer who / that first became famous on the Internet. 2 I have a friend who is a big fan of Bono and U2. 3 My brother has bought a guitar which / that cost a thousand pounds. 4 Joey’s hobby is collecting records which / that are from the 1950s. 5 We have a new French teacher who / that comes from Toulouse. 6 My parents gave me some new speakers which / that sound really great. 7 Kelly has a girlfriend who / that plays in a rock band. Exercise 3 1 The Titanic was a ship which sank in 1912. 2 Cristiano Ronaldo is a footballer who plays for Real Madrid. 3 Hip hop is a musical style which started in cities in the US. 4 Apple is the computer company which invented the iPad. 5 Angelina Jolie is the actress who played Lara Croft. 6 Schumacher is a racing driver who won seven Formula 1 Championships. Exercise 4 1 She doesn’t like rock music. She prefers folk. She prefers folk to rock music. She prefers listening to folk than listening to rock music 2 She doesn’t like skirts. She prefers jeans. She prefers jeans to skirts / She prefers wearing jeans to wearing skirts. 3 She doesn’t like horror films. She prefers romantic comedy films. She prefers romantic comedy films to horror films. She prefers watching romantic comedy films to watching horror films 4 She doesn’t like driving cars. She prefers riding motorbikes. She prefers motorbikes to cars. She prefers riding motorbikes to driving cars. 5 She doesn’t like skiing. She prefers surfing. She prefers surfing to skiing. She prefers doing surfing to skiing.
Indefinite pronouns
Exercise 2 1 Although 2 However 3 although 4 Although 5 However 6 although
7 I do
Exercise 3 1 He sent his girlfriend an email. 2 She bought her mother an expensive birthday present. 3 I sold my old car to Kevin. 4 They cooked a lovely meal for their grandmother. 5 We gave Jane a beautiful necklace. 6 Victoria chose a new dress for her daughter.
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Defining relative clauses
Exercise 1 1 Pat went to a bullfight last week but she didn’t enjoy it. 2 Sam likes going out with friends but Sally prefers staying at home. 3 They usually go to Spain in the summer but this year they are going to Greece. 4 I went to bed late last night but I got to work on time this morning.
Word order
4 I was
Exercise 5 (suggested answers) 1 Jake sent some flowers to his girlfriend. 2 The children made a cake for their grandmother. 3 Helen lent Peter some money. 4 Dan told Nicholas a funny story. 5 Irene brought us a nice bottle of wine.
Contrast clauses
Exercise 1 1 Me neither 2 Me too 3 Me neither 4 Me too 5 Me neither Exercise 2 1 I don’t 2 I don’t 8 I haven’t
Exercise 4 1 Colin bought a nice present for Stella. 2 Linda cooked Ron a special dinner on his birthday. 3 I passed John the wine. 4 Val lent her car to Norman last night. 5 I brought some flowers for Lily when she was in hospital. 6 We gave Paul the keys before we left the house. 7 I sent a text message to Zoe but she didn’t get it. 8 Keith made Pam roast beef, but she’s a vegetarian!
Exercise 3 1 On the one hand, they attract lots of tourists. On the other hand, all the hotels and restaurants put up their prices. 2 On the one hand, I know she likes the family to be together. On the other hand, my brother’s wife will be there and I don’t like her. 3 On the one hand, it’s nice to have lots of money. On the other hand, it’s difficult to have a private life. Exercise 4 1 anywhere 2 Somebody 3 something 4 Everybody 5 anything 6 anybody 7 somewhere 8 nothing 9 anywhere 10 something
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Answer Key Grammar Exercise 5 1 anything 2 somebody / someone 3 Everybody / Everyone 4 something 5 anywhere 6 anything 7 somewhere 8 nothing
Exercise 4 1 a few ideas / a little time 2 a few words, a little French 3 a few days / a little information
Past continuous Past continuous + past simple with while and when Prepositions of movement
Exercise 5 1 A lot of people live in China. 2 Bill Gates has a lot of money. 3 Not many astronauts have walked on the moon. 4 Cactuses don’t need much water to live. 5 To print a document, first you put paper in the printer. Then you press the print button.
Exercise 1 1 …was buying food at the supermarket. 2 …was driving. 3 …were playing golf. 4 …was having a shower. 5 …were having dinner in a restaurant.
Exercise 1 1 She is shouting angrily. 2 It is snowing heavily. 3 They / The home team are playing badly. 4 He is running fast. 5 He is singing loudly. 6 They are waiting nervously.
Exercise 2 1 What was Tom wearing at the party last night? 2 Why was the baby crying this morning? 3 Where were you going when I saw you yesterday? 4 Who were you calling when I saw you last night? 5 What was Sheila doing at 3 o’clock this morning? 6 Why was Kate dancing with Trevor at your party?
Exercise 2 1 fantastic, wonderfully 2 patiently, well 3 bad, terribly 4 heavily, fast, dangerous 5 carefully 6 quietly
Exercise 3 1 Jane was watching TV when / while Lily phoned. 2 It started snowing when / while we were driving home. 3 When / while I was waiting for the bus I met a really interesting girl. 4 Liz was having breakfast when / while she started to feel sick. 5 Sophie broke her arm when / while she was playing football. Exercise 4 1 into 2 out of 3 along 4 through 5 down 6 across Exercise 5 1 had 2 was driving 3 saw 4 was wearing 5 wasn’t wearing 6 stopped 7 got 8 was 9 didn’t take off 10 had 11 started 12 drove 13 noticed 14 was running 15 wasn’t looking 16 was watching 17 took off 18 turned 19 opened 20 were 21 was moving 22 woke up 23 was sweating 24 didn’t feel
Possibility: may Hope
might
can
Exercise 1 1 might not go; might come 2 might stay, might drive not win, might play 4 might be, might want
3 might
Exercise 2 1 It may / might snow tomorrow. 2 They may / might not come to the meeting. 3 Sue may / might not have time to see you. 4 I may / might get a new job. 5 We may / might not be here next year. 6 Pete may / might lend us some money. Exercise 3 1 Well, we can go to the cinema or we can have dinner with Keith and Margie. 2 Well, you can watch a bullfight or you can visit the Prado. 3 Well, you can go by plane or you can take the train. 4 Well, you can join Greenpeace or you can contact local politicians. 5 Well, you can talk to your boss or you can change jobs. 6 Well, you can take it to the garage or you can buy a new one. Exercise 4 1 Harry hopes to buy a new car next Christmas. 2 He hopes that David gets a good job. 3 He hopes to start playing golf. 4 He hopes that David gets married soon. 5 He hopes to visit the Golden Gate Bridge next year. 6 He hopes that David starts a family.
Asking for and giving instructions Quantifiers Exercise 1 1 open the cover 2 put in the battery 3 put in the memory card 4 close the cover 5 turn on the camera Exercise 2 1 do I do first 2 you check 3 then do I start 4 how do I start moving 5 like this 6 wait a minute Exercise 3 1 a lot of 2 many / a lot of 3 much / a lot of 4 a lot of 5 much / a lot of 6 a lot of 7 many / a lot of 8 a lot of
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Adverbs of manner Comparison of adverbs Asking for confirmation
Exercise 3 1 George drives more dangerously than Kate. = Kate doesn’t drive as dangerously as George. / Kate drives less dangerously than George. / Kate drives more carefully than George. 2 Rory plays tennis worse than Gerry.= Gerry doesn’t play tennis as badly as Rory. / Gerry plays less badly than Rory. / Gerry plays better than Rory. 3 Ana speaks English better / more fluently than Lola.= Lola doesn’t speak English as well / as fluently as Ana. / Lola speaks English less well / less fluently than Ana. / Lola speaks English worse than Ana. 4 Kitty runs faster than Bonzo.= Bonzo doesn’t run as fast as Kitty. / Bonzo runs less fast than Kitty. / Bonzo runs more slowly than Kitty. 5 Louise works harder than Larry. = Larry doesn’t work as hard as Louise. / Larry works less hard than Louise. 6 Paula eats more healthily than Karen.= Karen doesn’t eat as healthily as Paula./ Karen eats less healthily than Paula. / Karen eats more unhealthily than Paula. Exercise 4 1 Doesn’t the concert start at 8 o’clock? - Does it? 2 Isn’t Liv Tyler the daughter of a rock star? - Is she? 3 Didn’t Eva Green appear in a James bond film? - Did she? 4 Hasn’t Bruce Springsteen performed in Madrid three times? - Has he? 5 Isn’t Shakira singing at Rock in Rio this year? - Is she? 6 Didn’t Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz get married in Barbados? - Did they?
Passive voice Exercise 1 A major hurricane (1) devastated the eastern United States last week. Many houses (2) were destroyed, sea water (3) covered the streets in several towns and electricity (4) has not been restored yet in some places. Angry residents (5) are protesting to the local authorities. Exercise 2 1 A diamond has been stolen from a millionaire’s mansion. 2 The Cup Final was watched by 100,000 people last Saturday. 3 Thousands of pets are killed on the roads every year. 4 The missing boy has been found alive and well. 5 A man was attacked by a dog yesterday. Exercise 3 1 Where was it taken? 2 Where was it made? 3 Has it been redecorated recently? 4 When were they painted? 5 Has he been promoted? 6 How many magazines / copies are sold each week? Exercise 4 1 3 million copies of The Sun newspaper are sold in Britain every day. 2 News Corporation is owned by Rupert Murdoch. 3 Reporters from the company have been investigated (by the police). 4 A senior editor was arrested in March 2012. 5 The phones of famous people were hacked by reporters. 6 Confidential information was stolen. 7 Rupert Murdoch and his son were questioned by Members of Parliament. 8 An investigation has been opened by the FBI. Exercise 5 1 have detected 2 were received 3 were sent 4 wasn’t made 5 has been analysed 6 want 7 were we contacted
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Index 80
dreams
accessories
16
education
22
adjectives + prepositions
30
(adjective +) enough
58
adverbs of manner
82
environment
38
advertising
28
ever
62
a few
80
after
48
everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere
74
agreeing
70
a little
80
a lot of
80
already
64
although
74
ambitions and achievements
22
anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere
feelings
8
festivals
34
films
42
for giving instructions habits
48, 64 80 6, 20
have to
52
74
(don’t) have to
66
arrangements
20
health
12
as … as
58
holidays
34
asking for confirmation
82
hope
78
asking for instructions
80
how...!
56
bad habits
20
however
74
before
48
how long?
48
be going to
60
humour
30
behaviour
18
if-sentences
68
but
74
illness
12
by
84
indefinite pronouns
74
instruments (musical)
32
can
94
22, 36
a bit of
50, 78
celebrations
34
intentions
20
cinema
42
Internet
40
clothes
16
job hunting
24
comparison of adjectives
58
(a) job interview
24
comparison of adverbs
82
language learning
10
computers
40
leisure
26
contrast clauses
74
less … than
58
CV
24
lifestyles
defining relative clauses
72
many
definite article
56
may
disagreeing
70
media
44
disasters
38
might
78
6 80 50, 78
THAT’S ENGLISH!
Index modal verbs
50
rules
26
much
80
should
50
music
32
show business
42
must
52
since
64
mustn’t
66
sleep
36
national days
34
need to
52
somebody, someone, something, somewhere
74
(don’t) need to
66
so … that
68
never
62
sport
22
news
44
that
72
nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere
74
theatre
42
time expressions
54
on the one hand … on the other hand
74
too + adjective
58
passive voice
84
traditions
34
past continuous
76
travel
22
past simple
48, 76
past time clauses
48
travelling (by plane / train)
14
personal biography
22
treatments
12
personal details
18
turning points in life
personality
18
TV
44
places to live
22
plans
20
used to
66
politics
44
using the dictionary
10
prefer
72
venues
42
prepositions of movement
verb patterns
60
76
verbs of movement
36 56
8
present continuous
46, 60
what (a)…!
present perfect simple
62, 64
when
48, 76
present perfect simple vs past simple
62
which
72
present simple
46
while
76
press
44
who
72
quantifiers
80
word formation
30
questions
54
word order
70
radio
44
work
22
recycling
38
working conditions
24
relationships
22
world wide web
40
resolutions
20
yet
64
THAT’S ENGLISH!
95
