Vladimir Soloviov Povestire Despre Antichrist
May 16, 2019 | Author: Cristian Mircea | Category: N/A
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VLADMIR SOLOVIOV (1853-1900) este întemeietorul „liniei e!isten"i#l-$re%tine &in $u'et#re# rus &e l# s*r%itul +e#$ului tre$ut %i ,rim# umt#te # #$estui se$ol. De l# el se re+en&i$ r#"ii S. %i /. rue"2oi S. 4ul'#2o+ . 4er-&i#e+ 4er-&i#e+ 6. 7lorens2i S. 7r#n2 %.#. / re$unos$ut - %i nu &o#r &e $tre urm#%ii %i #&e,"ii si - &re,t $el m#i &e se#m s e#m '*n&itor #l Rusiei m#'istrul ilooiei sistem#ti$e mo&erne ruse%ti. umele lui este #&ese# #ltur#t $elor #le lui Dos toie+s2i %i olstoi. olstoi. De Dostoie+s2i 1# le'#t o ,rietenie ne&emin"it ne &emin"it &e olstoi 1-# &es,r"it &u, o ,erio#& &e #,ro,iere elul &e inter,ret#re # $re%tinismului. Am i în&re,t"i"i s im#'inm un triun'i s,iritu#l l# temeli# $rui# se situe# rom#nele lui olstoi %i Dostoie+s2i %i $#re e în$is l# +*r ,rin tr#t#tele lui Solo+io+.
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S=DI= IROD=:IV Des$riere# :I6 # 4iliote$ii #"ion#le # Rom*niei SOLOVIOV VLADIMIR 6o+estire &es,re Anti$rist @ Vl#&imir Solo+io+ tr#&. %i note &e D#n# :oo$#ru stu&iu intro&. &e Ion I#no%i. - /&. # B-#. 4u$ure%tiC ;um#nit#s B005 IS4 93-50-08EB-E I. :oo$#ru D#n# (tr#&.) II. I#no%i Ion (,re.) 9E(100)
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IS4 93-50-08EB-E 1. VLADIMIR S/R?;//VI:I SOLOVIOV s-# ns$ut l# Mos$o+# în iu# &e 1J (B8) i#nu#rie 1853. A ost iul ,roesorului =ni+ersit"ii mos$o+ite Ser'ei Mi#ilo+i$i Solo+io+ renumit istori$ #utor #l Istoriei Rusiei din cele mai mai vechi timpuri (1851-189) în B9 +olume. între 11 %i 18 #ni ele+ l# ?imn#iul r. 5 &in Mos$o+# Vl#&imir Ser'ee+i$i # tre$ut ,rintr-o ,erio#& ,e rio#& &e „niilism m#teri#list #,oi # $unos$ut %i „,rim# iuire ilooi$ ,entru S,ino# $#re # #+ori#t re+irimentul s,iritu#list &in tim,ul stu&en"iei. A urm#t $ursurile =ni+ersit"ii &in Mos$o+# &in 18J9 ,*n în î n 183 trei #ni l# 7#$ult#te# &e 7ii$-M#tem#ti$ întreru,t &e &r#'ul 7#$ult"ii &e Isto-rie-7ilolo'ie. Lu$r#re# &e li$en" # sus"inut-o în 183 un #n # m#i re$+ent#t %i Institutul eolo'i$. eolo'i$. Disert#"i# &e m#'istru sus"inut în 18E l# 6etersur' %i ,uli$#t în #$el#%i #n se intitule# Criza filozof iei occidentale. împotriva pozitiviştilor. L# B1 &e #ni er# un re$unos$ut eru&it. Din iunie 18J în$e,e s ,re&e# l# uni+ersit#te. între,rin&e o $ltorie l# Lon&r# %i în /'i,t. în m#rtie 18 î%i ,rse%te ,ostul &e &o$ent uni+ersit#r ne&orin& s ,#rti$i,e l# $onli$tele „&e ,#rti& &intre ,roesori. Se mut &e l# Mos$o+# l# 6etersur' un&e o"ine o slu l# :omisi# %tiin"ii$ &e ,e l*n' Ministerul Instru$"iunii 6uli$e. în ,rim+#r# #nului 1880 sus"ine $u m#re su$$es &isert#"i# &e &o$ tor#t Critica principiilor ,roesor $i &o#r ,osiilit#te# &e # "ine ,rele'eri ,rele'eri $# ,ri+#t-&oabstracte. u i se oer totu%i un ,ost &e ,roesor $ent. în 1881 e oli'#t s întreru, #$ti+it#te# uni+ersit#rC &u, u$i&ere# "#rului Ale!#n&ru #l II-le# (1 m#rtie) i se #&rese# în $#&rul unei ,rele'eri (B8 m#rtie) urm#%ului #$estui# Ale!#n&ru #l III-le# $u în&emnul &e # nu-i e!e$ut# ,e n#ro&ni$ii +ino+#"i &e #tent#t în urm# #$estui 'est i se interi$e ,#rti$i,#re# J
IO IAO>I
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l# m#niestri ,uli$e in$lusi+ $ele #$#&emi$e. întreru,e #%#&#r mun$# l# uni+ersit#te în $iu&# m#rilor s#le su$$ese #nte rio#re &#tor#te m#i $u se#m Lecţiilor despre Dumnezeu-omenire, Dumnezeu-omenire, $#re $on"ine #,ro#,e to#te i&eile met#ii$e &in o,er# s# &e m#i t*riu. în #nii o,te$i &es%o#r o +#st #$ti+it#te ,uli$isti$. în #$e#st ,erio#& se ,ro&u$e ru,tur# lui &e sl#+oili %i r s renun"e l# orto&o!ie se m#niest #tr#$"i# s# ,entru $#toli$is m întemei#t m#i #les ,e s,er#n"# reunirii 4iseri$ilor $re%tine. =to,ismul =to,ismul su teo$r#ti$ #un'e l# #,o'eu în ,erio#&# %e&erii lui l# 6#ris (în$e,*n& &in 188) %i # te!telor s$rise în r#n$e %i ,uli$#te în 7r#n"# Lidee russe (1888) %i La Russie et l!"lise #niverselle (1989) K ti,rire# lor în lim# rus iin& interis (,*n în 1909 res,e$ti+ 1913). în 1891 &e+ine re&#$torul se$"iei ilooi$e # M#relui Di$"ion#r /n$i$lo,e&i$ 4ro$2#us %i /ron. ine ,rele'eri l# So$iet#te# 7ilooi$ &in 6etersur'. îl tr#&u$e tr#&u$e %i îl $omente# ,e 6l#ton. î%i &es+*r%e%te sistemul ilooi$ ,rin tr#t#tul îndrept$ţirea îndrept$ţirea binelui (189) %i ,rin stu&iile K neîn$ei#te K &e „ilooie teoreti$ (189-1899). :*te+# te!te intro&u$ în #$est sistem %i esteti$#. Solo+io+ n-# #+ut #milie &omi$iliu st#il st #il %i lo$ $onst#nt &e mun$. A trit l# ,rieteni s#u în strint#te. Vi#"# &e ,rie'ie %i snt#te# %ure& i-#u e,ui#t or"ele $tre s*r%itul #nilor noue$i. în +#r# #nului 1900 s-# mut#t &e l# Mos$o+# l# $on#$ul &in &i n =2oe #l ,rin"ului 6. . rue"2oi rue"2oi un&e se #l#u %i ,rietenii si $unos$u"i ,roesori mos$o+i"i r#"ii S. . %i /. . rue"2oi. Ai$i s-# în$ei#t %i irul +ie"ii s#le ,e &#t# &e 31 iulie (13 #u'ust) 1900. A+e# A+e# &o#r E &e #ni %i $u umt#te &e #n în urm usese #les memru &e ono#re #l A$#&emiei A$#&emiei &e >tiin"e l# se$"i# s e$"i# &e lim %i liter#tur rus. B. Solo+io+ este întemeietorul „liniei e!isten"i#l-$re%tine &in $u'et#re# rus &e l# s*r%itul +e#$ului tre$ut %i ,rim# umt#te # #$estui se$ol. De l# el se re+en&i$ r#"ii S. %i /. rue"2oi S. 4ul'#2o+ . . 4er&i#e+ 6. 7lorens2i S. 7r#n2 %.#. / re$unos$ut K %i nu &o#r &e $tre urm#%ii %i #&e,"ii si K &re,t $el m#i &e se#m '*n&itor #l Rusiei m#'istrul ilooiei sistem#ti $e mo&erne ruse%ti. umele lui este #&ese# #ltur#t $elor #le lui S=DI= IROD=:IV
Dostoie+s2i %i olstoi. De Dostoie+s2i 1-# le'#t o ,rietenie ne&emin"it &e olstoi 1-# &es,r"it &u, o ,erio#& &e #,ro,iere elul &e inter,ret#re # $re%tinismului. Am i în&re,t"i"i s im#'inm un triun'i s,iritu#l l# temeli# $rui# se situe# rom#nele lui olstoi %i Dostoie+s2i %i $#re e în$is l# +*r ,rin tr#t#tele lui Solo+io+. A$est# s-# rem#r$#t &e #ltel %i ,rintr-un t#lent liter#r ,re'n#nt i#r $# ,oet # ost ,re&e$esorul simoli%tilor ru%i &o+#& %i mrturiile lui A. 4lo2 %i A. 4el*i. Solo+io+ #re o o,er întins e&it#t l# 6etersur' (1911-191E) în e$e +olume ,lus ,#tru +olume &e $ores,on&en" (6etersur' 1908-19B3). :oment#torii o se'mente# în trei s#u ,#tru et#,e. Anii %#,tee$i $onstituie et#,# ,re'tito#re # unui ,ro'resism teolo'i#t. Anii o,te$i sunt m#r$#"i &e uto,i# unei teo$r#"ii uni+ers#le sinte # $re%tinismului #,use#n %i # $e lui rsrite#n. Anii noue$i #simile# în termeni es#tolo-'i$i ,ru%ire# #$estei $onstru$"ii uto,i$e. în in#lul #$elui#%i &e$eniu se ,o#te &iso$i# K util ,entru +olumul &e #" K o ,erio#& #,o$#li,ti$. &.'. ?*n&ire# lui Solo+io+ # ost #n#li#t în multe lu$rri &intre $#re #mintim $*te+#C /. rue"2oi %irosozerţanie &.'. 'oloviova, 1-B Mos$o+# 1913 S.M. Solo+io+ (izn i tvorces)ipuf, (m#nus$ris) Mos$o+# 19B3 M. &N;eri'n #n *e+mann russe &. &. 'olovev, 'olovev, e&. II 6#ris 193E D. Stre-moou2o . 'oloviov et son ceuvre messiani/ue, 6#ris 1935 P. V. Mo-$iuls2i &.'. 'oloviov, 6#ris 193J 7. Mu$2erm#nn 'oloviov, 6#ris 195E A. M#$ein# Dos 0eheimnis der 1osheit, p rophet ofRuss)n-estern ofRuss)n-estern unit2, eG Qor2 .'. 'olo+e+ unde un de seine 7reiur' 1955 /. Muner 'o-lov2ev prophet Qor2 195J esto+ Loss2i 4. :i$erin M#ss#r2 A. Pos$eGni2o+ s#u A. Poe+ni2o (în 'erm#n res,e$ti+ în r#n$e) A. 6#,l#us2#s-R#mu-n#s L. ?#n$i2o+ V. Asmus %.#. 6ot i $onsult#te %i istoriile ilooiei ruse &e .O. Loss2i V.V V.V.. en2o+s2i 4. S$ulte %.#. 8
IO IAO>I
S. 4ul'#2o+ $#r#$terie# #ns#mlul $re#"iei solo+io+iene &re,t „$el m#i sonor acord acord &in $*te #u rsun#t în istori# ilooiei ormul ,e $#re istori$ul ilooiei ruse S. en2o+s2i o inter,rete# $# unit#te # $onson#n"ei $u &ison#n"ele #t*t #le elementelor simult#ne $*t %i #le momentelor su$$esi+e.
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,l#tonismul $re%tin i&e#lismul 'erm#n ($u S$ellin' ,e ,e ,rimul lo$) %i em,irismul %tiin"ei. A$est A$est eort +ie# în #ns#mlul su s re#rti$ulee „$re&in"# ,rin"ilor %i „nou# tre#,t # $on%tiin"ei r#"ion#le. L# $#,tul unui se$ol l#i$ Solo+io+ &ore%te s rest#ile#s$ ,rero'#ti+ele #t*t #le $on%tiin "ei reli'io#se $*t %i #le su,rem#"iei iseri$e%ti. ent#ti+# s# e 'i&#t îns &in ,ers,e$ti+ %i su ol&uire ilooi$. Anume ilooi# î%i ,une #m,rent# &e$isi+ #su,r# $utrilor teolo'#le ine&ite. Din #$est moti+ l# Solo+io+ se îmin ,erm#nent %i se $ontr#i$ ten&in"e #+or#ile %i rer#$t#re se$ul#ririi. R# ,ortul lor tension#t #r ,ute# $onstitui nu$leul unii$#tor ,entru $onstru$"ii #ltminteri etero'ene su r#,ortul $om,onentelor %i în ,l#nul et#,elor ,#r$urse. Solo+io+ se îm,otri+e%te intele$tu#lismului #str#$t %i met#ii$ii met #ii$ii ne'#ti+e. =n tim, el m#niest în$re&ere în ,ro'resul istori$ ,str*n& %i ulterior un #$ut sim" ,entru istorie ,entru #+#t#rurile eluritelor &e+eniri. M#i ,resus &e ori$e îl ose&e# îns Asolutul. 6trun&ere# Asolutului Asolutului este to$m#i $e# $#re ,retin&e e!tin&ere# „$uno#%terii tot#le ,*n l# „#totunit#-te ,*n l# „Dumneeuomenire %i mult +is#t# Soie. A$e#st ,trun&ere $om#n& sinte# &intre reli'ie ilooie %i %tiin". ot ot e# ol&uie%te im,#$tul i m,#$tul &intre #,ro!imrile r#"ion#le %i $ele intuiti+-simoli$e. Lu$i&it#te# $e#m în #utor $on$e,te miti$e %i $on$e,"ii rom#nti$e. 7ilooi# se olose%te &e ilooe-me %i $i#r &e mitooie (situ#"ie ine $unos$ut nou &in me&it#"iile lui 4l#'#). I&eile sunt ml&i#te liter#r-eseisti$ ,ere$t lier #&ese# $u întorsturi ironi$e %i ,#ro&i$e. Asemene# ,#rti$ul#rit"i &e e!,resie nu #nule# %i ni$i nu sles$ ,utere# &iso$i#ti+ S=DI= IROD=:IV
9
%i &e $onstru$"ie ,ro,rie #nume '*n&itorului &e e!$e,"ie. u &e'e## 1-# #s$in#t ,e Solo+io+ $tre s*r%itul +ie"ii mo&elul ,l#toni$i#n. în Drama vieţii lui 4laton (1898) el %i-# în$ir#t $utrile %i e%e$urile &r#m#ti$e. A+em A+em o nou &o+#& # $om,#tiilit"ii &intre nou %i +e$i &intre r#"ion#lit#te %i mit $l#r+iiune %i uto,ie lu$i&it#te %i #nt#sme ,oeti$eC ,re$um %i re#irm#re# %#nselor ,e $#re to$ m#i #simil#re# tensiunilor #e$ti+e le #$or& $*te unei monument#le $onstru$"ii ilooi$e. Solo+io+ #re un sistem met#ii$ $om,le! str#tii$#t $u ,r"i &e ontolo'ie %i $osmolo'ie #ntro,olo'ie %i istoriooie eti$ %i esteti$. O în+"tur &es,re Asolut %i &es,re i&ei. O $on$e,"ie #su,r# #totunit"ii ,oiti+e. O teorie # ,ro$esului $osmolo'i$ ,relun'it su orm# ,ro$esului istori$. O în+"tur &es,re um#nit#te $# tot#lit#te uni$. O +iiune $u ,ri+ire l# mor#lit#te %i liert#te rolul milo$itor #l omului %i ,ers,e$ti+# lui &e # se s e m*ntui. e mul"umim &in între' #$est noi#n &e su'estii su'estii s re"inem un #s,e$t ,e $#re l-#m numi +e$tori#l. e reerim l# rul met#ii$. Ve$e# Ve$e# %i $ontro+ers#t# tem # ilooiei teolo'#le Solo+io+ o re#$tu#lie# ne$#noni$. /l ,#re s #&o,te un soi &e ,#nteism misti$. Se ,ro&u$e o $&ere &in s*nul Asolutului. Des,rin&ere# e înto+r%it &e o &eor&ine ,$to#s. :re#"i# &i+in # lumii e im,ere$t K s,re # în&re,t"i $ut#re# ,ere$"iunii. ;#osul &estrm#re# ruin# sunt &e-#$um ,ro,rii iin"rii n#tur#le &in#inte# $elei um#ne. Rul e în$ir#t în ,ro$esul $osmo'oni$ $i#r &e Dumneeul &orni$ &e # se ,ostul# într-un o,us #l Su. 6$#tul 6$#tul ori'in#r nu e #t*t #l omului $*t #l n#turii înse%i. înse%i. Istori# nu #$e &e$*t s ,relun'e#s$ &eor&ine#. 6e &e o ,#rte omul #u'mente# rul. 6e &e #lt ,#rte el e ,re&estin#t inelui. /!,lor*n& ,$#tul ,$#tul în el sl%luie%te ,ers,e$ti+# &e,%irii lui mor#le. Dumneeuomenire# e $e%i# îm,linirii. Omul e +eri'# interme&i#r &intre n#tur %i Dum neeu. Rul ,ro+i&en"i#l intro&us în lume in$lusi+ ,rin ,rin „liert#te# ,entru ru +# treui înltur#t &e,%it tr#ns'res#t tot ,rin or"# liert"ii in$lusi+ ,rintr-o lier reor'#ni#re teo$r#ti$ # omenirii. Omului îi re+ine un rol mesi#ni$ elier#tor %i m*ntuitor. Omul este $u #&e+r#t un teur'. /l este is,itit &e &i#+ol #re &e înrunt#t is,it# $or,ului is,it# s,iritului %i m#i #les is,it# is ,it# ,uterii (,relu$r#t &e $tre Dostoie+s2i &u, surs# 10 IO IAO>I
e+#n'eli$ K %atei, $#,. E). D#r în om sl%luie%te %i +irtute#. /l ,o#te s ,#r+in l# Dumneeuomenire %i l# &es+*r%iri so-i#ni$e. Omul lu$re# l# m*ntuire# s# %i # lumii #&i$ l# re#-li,ire# :osmosului &e Asolut. I#t o ,roie$"ie solo+io+i#n &e%i ,#rti$ul#r totu%i $*t se ,o#te &e $#r#$teristi$. Din$olo &e #$$entele s#le ,#nteiste %i &u#liste #,o$rie ne$onorme ri'orilor S$ri,turii e# & se#m# #su,r#
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me&it#"iile istoriooi$e într-un #utenti$ test#ment ilooi$. Ant#'onismul re#l %i $on$iliere# i&e#l i &e#l &intre Rsrit %i A,us l-#u ose&#t ,erm#nent ,e Solo+io+. Reli'ioit#te# Orientului el o +e&e# ,eri$lit#t &e înosire# in&i+i&ului i#r i,ertroiere# +#lorii in&i+i&ului în O$$i&ent K ,eri$lit#t &e ##n&on#re# $re&in"ei. :ultul „&i+init"ii inum#ne %i +ener#re# „omului r Dumneeu treui#u $ontr#$#r#te ,rin im,#$tul &intre nu$leele ,oiti+e #le #melor lumi. în #nii %#,tee$i ilooul se m#i în$re&e# în ,ro'res în &e+olt#re# &e +olt#re# istori$ în lumin#re# tre,t#t # um#nit"ii %i în rolul &e me&i#tor $ultur#l-reli'ios între Rsrit %i A,us ,e $#re Rusi# urm# s %i-1 #sume. în #nii o,te$i '*n&itorul renun"#se %i l# e+olu"ionismul luminist %i l# si m,#tiile sl#+oile. în $om,ens#"ie # el#or#t un ,roie$t teo$r#ti$ te o$r#ti$ $#re în$re&in"# $#u# Dumneeu-omenirii unei st,*niri mon&i#le #!#t ,e ,utere# $i+il # #uto$r#"iei im,eri#le %i ,e ,utere# e$lei#sti$ # ,#,#li t"ii rom#ne. :onstru$"i# nu # ,utut i #$$e,t#t &e ni$i un# &intre ,r"i. Oi$i#lit"ilor &in Rusi# iseri$e%ti %i st#t#le nu le-# $on+enit i&ee# unii$rii $re%tine su ol&uire# $#toli$is mului. Surs# &e ins,ir#"ie # lui Solo+io+ usese %onarhia lui D#nte. >i unul %i $ell#lt î%i mrturise#u &is,er#re# în #"# #s#ltului rului istori$. 6roie$"i# &in urm rim# %i $u #lte tent#ti+e &in s e$olul #l UlU-le# $e +i#u s#l+#re# institu"ion#l # între'ii S=DI= IROD=:IV
11
lumi. D#r istori# se +# îm,otri+i tent#ti+elor l#i$e %i se îm,otri+e# %i #$estui ,l#n &e or'#ni#re st#t#l iseri$e#s$. Solo+io+ %i-# &#t sin'ur se#m# &e nruire# nruire# uto,iei s#le. în #nii noue$i ,e l*n' el#or#re# sinteelor teoreti$e el $onsemn# #$est e%e$ $u #m#r lu$i&it#te. Mrturie st#u %i $ele 9rei dialo"uri. /le sunt ro&ul ,esimismului es#tolo'i$ $e ,usese st,*nire ,e #utor K &e%i $u o in#l r# &e lumin în $#re er# s#l+'#r&#t i&ee# unit"ii $re%tine m*ntuito#re &e &u, „s*r%itul istoriei. 6ri+it în #ns#mlu #$est te!t în&re,t"e%te $u ,re$&ere &istin'ere# unei #e #,o$#li,ti$e K ie în $#&rul et#,ei # trei# ie &e sine sttto#re. într-o s$riso#re &in 189J #lturi &e eti$ met#ii$ esteti$ ,e list# lu$rrilor $#re-1 ,reo$u, ,e Solo+io+ i'ure# %i „Des,re Anti$rist. Deiniti+#re# #$estei teme # m#i ost îns #m*n#t. în to#mn# #nului 1899 Solo+io+ între,rin&e o # %#se# %i ultim $ltorie în strint#te. A$um ,le$# ,entru o&in ,e Ri+ier# r#n$e l# :#nnes. Ai$i s$rie ,re#"# l# tr#&u$ere# &in 6l#ton %i ,rimul &intre &i#lo'uri. 6uli$#t ini"i#l su titlul 4e sub palmieri, el e &#t#t „:#nnes 10 (BB) m#i 1899. Al &oile# &i#lo' e &#t#t „Mos$o+# 19 o$tomrie 1899 - noiemrie 1899. Al treile# &i#lo' e s$ris în i#nu#rie 1900. S*r%itul lui îm,reun $u ,o+estire# &es,re Anti$rist e &#t#t eru#rie 1900. (în i#rn# #nilor 1899-1900 Solo+io+ lo$uise m#i tot tim,ul l# 6e-tersur' $u e!$e,"i# $*tor+# $ltorii l# Mos$o+#.) Autorul %i-# $itit ,o+estire# în $#&rul unei le$"ii ,rileuite &e ,ostul 6#%t elui $ule'*n& m#i &e'r# ironii &e$*t #,ro#re. în lun# m#i %i-# +iit#t ,entru ultim# o#r r#tele l# Mos$o+# $ons#$r*n& o se r#t le$turii ,o+estirii. An&rei 4el*i &es$rie e+enimentul în s$i"# &ladimir 'oloviov (in$lus în +olumul ;rabescuriI
tr#&u$ere# &i#lo'urilor ,l#toniene. /!e'e"ii #u ,resu,us %i #lte surse &in $#re #utorul s-#r i ,utut ins,ir# în #le'ere# ormei &i#lo'#te. Au ost #stel in+o$#"i S$ellin' =Clarai ,entru # le #l# $i#r î%i #m*n $u o i ,le$#re# l# is#. 1J IO IAO>I
Al treile# &i#lo' #,#r"ine Domnului . 6olemi$# lui îl +ie# +ie# l# în$e,ut ,e 6oliti$i#n #t*t# tim, $*t nu e &e #" 6rin"ul #le $rui ie%iri %i intrri în s$en #u t*l$ul lor. 6rin"ul se retr#'e $*n& #l $ se +# &is$ut# &es,re Anti$rist. em# em# îi ,#re inutil îl ,ri+e%te &e #,t %i nu +# ,ute# s-o o$ole#s$. 6*n re+ine s,re # o su,ort# K ,entru # su,ort# ili,i$# #&res#t lui K Domnul se o$u, &e 6olit i$i#n $# &e un +rm#% m#i u%or &e $omtut. îi #&o,t stilul #$il $itin& %i $oment*n& o ,oeio#r # lui Ale2sei Ponst#ntino+i$i olstoi olstoi (un olstoi m#i ,u"in $unos$ut $#re murise în 185) &es,re ,"#niile %#mel#nului ,etersur'e Del#rue. A$este +ersuri umoristi$e ilustre# ,rosti# $elor $e se în$,"*ne# s i'nore rul %i s nu i se îm,otri+e#s$. Vi#te sunt %i $on$e,"iile 6rin"ului #sent &#r %i o,iniile 6oliti$i#nului. 6resu,us# &e el $u o i în urm inst#ur#re # ,$ii +e%ni$e între ,o,o#re
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6#nsoie. :# s &es$irm #$est mes# treuie s relum irul &i#lo'urilor. E. :ititorul ne#+erti#t nu #re în$ &e un&e s în"ele#' #luiile #luiil e ,olemi$e &in 4refaţa s$ris ne #mintim &u, el#or#re# &i#lo'urilor $# o nemrturisit $on$luie # lor. / +or# #$olo &e rs,*n&ire# unor min$ino#se reli'ii noi. Sunt #+#ns#te %i e!em,le ri&i$ole ,rin vidul ,ro,o+&uit. Se,#r#t #lm &es,re un $re%tinism r &e :ristos &es,re #,tul $ #semene# reli'ii #r ,ute# im,resion# $el mult ,e un in&i+i& rsul#t $# 6rin"ul K i#r în ,#'in# ,#'in# intro&u$ti+ l# ,rimul &i#lo' e numit numit în tre#$t $ontele olstoi olstoi Le+ i2ol#e+i$i &e #st &#t. D#$ le'tur# le 'tur# &intre i&eile $omtute %i ,ro#ilul lor #&e,t &in &e#terile +iito#re #r ,ute# i +#' intuit #&res# &in urm în$ nu se re$e,te# împreun$ $u #$el $re%tinism r &e :ristos s#u $u +i&ul „sre&elitorilor $e se în$in „'urii &in i. S=DI= IROD=:IV
1
Or #nume trimitere# l# olstoi olstoi K sin'ur# K oer $ei# ,entru în"ele'ere# ,olemi$ii &e on& sute!tu#le. :u &oue$i &e #ni în urm ,e Solo+io+ %i olstoi olstoi îl înr"iser multeC elo'iul liert"ii %i #l toler#n"ei o,oi"i# #" &e n#"ion#lism #" &e suor&on#re# reli'iei &e $tre st#t #" &e ,e&e#,s# $#,it#l (#mii i-#u $erut noului "#r 'r#"iere# u$i'#%ilor lui Ale!#n&ru #l II-le#). în #nii o,te$i olstoi %i-# ,uli$#t îns tr#t#tele în $#re ustii$# „tolstoismul $# în+"tur %i $om,ort#ment. ou# $re&in" ##t ,e o nou mor#lit#te mor#lit#te $#re în inten"i# #utorului ei se $onorm# un&#ment#lelor un&#ment#lelor ,res$ri,"ii eti$e str+e$i $omune m#rilor ,roe"i lui :ristos 4u&&# %i :onu$ius nu ,ute# i #$$e,t#t &e $tre Solo+io+ el însu%i r#&i$#li#t în $utrile s#le &in &omeniul mor#lei reli'io#se sinteti#te în îndrept$ţirea îndrept$ţirea binelui. Solo+io+ # &orit s e+ite înrunt#re# $u olstoi &o+#& %i ultim# s# tent#ti+ &e $on$iliere &intr-o s$riso#re &e l# s*r%itul lui iulie 189E în $#re #+#ns# #r'umente #+or#ile $re&in"ei în în+iere# lui :ristos. îm,$#re# î m,$#re# r#&i-$#lismelor &i+er'ente er# îns im,osiil. olstoismul %i-# #tins ,un$tul e!trem în rom#nul învierea, ,uli$#t în re+ist# „i+# &in m#rtie ,*n în &e$emrie &e$emrie 1899. =nii $er$ettori ,resu,un $ Solo+io+ %i-# re$ut te!tul ultim in$lusi+ ,o+estire# &es,re Anti$rist su im,resi# #$estui rom#n m#i #les # s*r%itului su ,entru el #solut in#$$e,t#il în o,ini# s# e!#$er*n& $re%tinismul r &e :ristos ,*n l# o ereie #nti$risti$. S ne #&resm te!tului solo+io+i#n. /l $on"ine i&ei %i $emri $e mri $i#r ,#r#r#e &u, titlul unor #rti$ole tolstoiene. De l# în$e,ut 6rin"ul în+inuie%te roiul %i ser+i$iul milit#r. :onsi&er un ru in&is$ut#il %i e!trem ori$e st#re eli$o#s. Omenire# treuie ne#,r#t %i ime&i#t s se elieree &e milit#rism s inst#uree &omni# inelui în lo$ul #$estui $#ni#lism. / $on+ins &e triumul r#"iunii. A&un A&un &in re+iste liter#re #r'umente &e $on&#mn#re # roiului &e $tre $re%tinism. „S nu u$iiT %i în&eo%te neîm,otri+ire# l# ru ,rin +iolen" îi #,#r $# iin& 6.S. 6.S. 6o,o+ # ,uli$# $ores,on&en"# lui olstoi $u V.S. V.S. Solo+io+ l# Mos$o+# în î n 1939. Rel#"i# &intre Solo+io+ %i olstoi # ost e!,us în$ în io'r#i# lui S.M. Solo+io+ (19B3) i#r ulterior # ost su,us #n#liei &e $tre L. Miiller Mii ller (1953) .?. Mint (19JJ) A. 4e-s#n$on (1985) %i ulterior &e $tre 6.:. 6.:. 4ori (1990). 18 IO IAO>I
uni$# solu"ie $re%tin. A$estui ,#$iism e!trem &e rs,*n&it i se o,un #mintirile ?ener#lului. în$ &in ,rimul &i#lo' Domnul um,le îns $onrunt#re# $onrunt#re# &e sust#n" teolo'#l. In #l &oile# 6rin"ul sose%te
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$u+*nt $u $u+*nt inter,ret#re# &#t &e $tre ,rin"ul eliu&o+ #$elei#%i ,il&e in$lusi+ $on$l ui# i&enti$ în $ele &ou te!te %i în #mele sulini#tC >C$utaţi împ$r$ţia lui Dumnezeu şi adev$rul ei, iar olstoi %i 6rin"ul lui Solo+io+ #u oie$"ii #solut # solut i&enti$e l# #&res# restul va veni de la sine7. 6rin"ul lui olstoi #&#rni$ei $utri # restului &e $tre o#meni. Des$ir#re# $u totul &ierit # ,#r#olei e+#n'eli$e &e $tre Domnul (&u, Luca, $#,. B0) îl +ie# #%#&#r ,e olstoi %i în$ l# mo&ul $el m#i tr#ns,#rent. Multe &et#lii ulterio#re îl &e$ons,ir ,e #&res#ntul re#l in$lusi+ ,#s#ul în $#re Do#mn# mim*n& tre$ere# &e ,#rte# 6rin"ului reum în+"tur# #$estui# %i # în+"torilor î n+"torilor lui $#re #r treui $u,rins într-o $rti$i$ numit Lesprit de l!van"ile, un nou $#teism ,e în"elesul tuturor# 'r#"ie $rui# s nu te m#i în$ur$i în eluritele S=DI= IROD=:IV
19
,res$ri,"ii $#re "i se #&rese# mereu %i urme# urme# enumer#re# unor #stel &e în&emnuri $ontr#&i$torii $ontr#&i$torii le'#te &e renun"#re# l# #+ere în #+o#re# $elor srm#ni rul ,e $#re-1 re,reint #nii menire# emeii „,rim# tre#,t (# nu $onsum# $#rne &#r ni$i tutun ori +ot$) ser+i$iul milit#r $# ,rin$i,#l ru %i #lte lu$ruri $ror# nu-i $u ,utin" s le &#i &e $#,t K $#re $onstituie toate în&emnuri tolstoieneT 6rin"ul le 'se%te &e în&#t #$estor# numitorul $omun în ,rin$i,iul neîm,otri+irii l# ru ,rin +iolen". Domnul &emonte# #lsul $re%tinism #l în+"turii $#re r +oie &e+ine #nti$re%tin ,*n l# #-i $on+eni ,e &e,lin lui Anti$rist. Domnul #un'e l# le$tur# ,o+estirii $lu'rului 6#nsoie 6#ns oie &es,re Antirist tot &in imol&ul &e # &em#s$# ,seu&o$re%tinismul tolstoi#n %i r#+#'iile ,e $#re #$est# #r i în st#re s le ,ro&u$. Retro#$ti+ între#'# ,le&o#rie ,le&o#rie # Domnului ,e ,#r$ursul tuturor tuturor &i#lo'urilor se &o+e&e%te &o+e&e%te în&re,t#t îm,otri+# 6rin"ului adic$ îm,otri+# în+"torului su Le+ olstoi. : #$est lu$ru este urmrit &e Solo+io+ K o #lm &in 4refaţa s$ris l# urm. Ironi# l# #&res# „sre&elitorilor $e se în$in „'urii &in i #r ,ute# i so$otit înt*m,lto#re %i or"#t le'#t &e #&e,"ii unor reli'ii #le +i&ului in$lusi+ &e #&e,"ii $re&in"elor u&iste. =n mi$ eort ne re#&u$e îns în me morie ,e tr*nul se$t#nt interlo$utor #l ,rin"ului eliu&o+ s,re s*r%itul $ltoriei #$estui# s,re Sieri# se$t#nt $#re ,ro-,o+&uie%te un $re%tinism element#r element#r &es,ui#t &e ori$e însemn iseri$es$ iseri$es$ „se +e&e tre## $ e%ti un ,'*n &intre W'ur#riX. e în$i,ui l# o '#ur s,use suru'iul... &e #" l# &is$u"i# lui $u eliu&o+ (,#rte# # trei# $#,itolul UUI). Inluen"#t &e $om,ort#mentul risti$ #l tr*nului se$t#nt eliu&o+ ser+e%te K nemrturisit K $# ,rototi, #l 6rin"ului i#r olstoi e &enun"#t $# în+"tor #l #m*n&uror#. 5. în $e $onst îns în+"tur# ,oiti+ # Domnului %i # ins,ir#torului su In #sum#re# &e$isi+ # ne'#ti+it"ii $onsust#n"i#le lumii istoriei o#menilor. D#$ o,timismul n#i+ e reu#t iin&$ se în$re&e în inele #utoteli$ %i +i$torios i#r ,rin #$e#st ,io#s &e#rm#re #$ilite# #s$ensiune# rului K ,esimismul #re în s$im #+#nt#ul lu$i&it"ii $onorm*n&u-se $onorm*n&u-se %i ,re+estirilor S$ri,turii. :ine se în$re&e e!$esi+ %i e!$lusi+ în ,oiti+it#te se su,une ne'#ti+it"ii %i $i#r o #+orie# (6rin"ul 20
IO IAO>I S=DI= IROD=:IV
B1
olstoi). olstoi). :ine ,ri+e%te în #" ne'#ti+it#te# o re$uno#%te $# m#i ,uterni$ %i $# ,osiil-,ro#il i*n&ito#re &#$ nu #i #tun$i m*ine K se în#rme# ,entru # o înrunt# i#r în $ele &in urm #-i sus"ine înr*n'ere#.
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&e st,*n ($um #$ tolstoieniiT) &eo#re$e el st,*nul #r ,ute# i un im,ostor &umneeul #$estui +e#$ ,urt*n& $u #ilit#te &o#r o m#s$ m#s$ # inelui. De #$ee# în unii #,rtori #i $re%tinismului tr#ns,#re Iu&#Iu&#+*ntorulT A$est# e momentul în $#re Domnul #&u$e m#nus$risul lui 6#nsoie. 'curta povestire despre ;ntichrist #r ,ute# i so$otit un ,#n&#nt l# %arele inchizitor inchizitor.. u+el# #triuit &e Dostoie+s2i lui I+#n P#r#m#o+ între,rin&e tot o in$ursiune în îm,r"i# rului. De #st &#t +rm#%ul lui :ristos i# îns o în"i%#re ine&it ,otri+it intui"iei lui Solo+io+ m#i $on$or&#nt $u se$olele urmto#re. 6e #l &oue$ile# el îl +e&e $# e,o$# ultimelor m#ri ro#ie i#r ,e #l &oue$i %i unule# K $# e,o$# unei ,$i min$ino#se inst#ur#te într-o unit#r îm,r"ie euro,e#n %i #,oi uni+ers#l $#re se &o+e&e%te $ur*n& # i îm,r"i# rului 'ener#li#t. 6#nmon'olismul 1-# ose&#t ,e Solo+io+ în$ într-o ,oeie # s# &in 189E. 6#tru r*n&uri &in #$e#st ,oeie K #uto$it#t K orme# mottoul ,o+estirii. (6rimele &ou r*n&uri le +# olosi %i A. 4lo2 $# motto #l ,oemului su &in 1918 'ciţii, re#rti$ul*n& lo$ul Rusiei între Asi# %i /uro,#.) Rs$o#l# o!erilor iu$nit în :in# în 1899 # #liment#t temerile m#i +e$i #le lui Solo+io+. în$e,utul ,o+estirii &es$rie suu'#re# /uro,ei &e $tre #si#ti$i. /ste tre#,t# &e$&erii +iiile. :ee# $e urme# îns re+#n%ei euro,ene #su,r# st,*nitorilor #r#ri $onstituie orm# #s$uns # &e,r#+rii &e,r#+rii soisti$#t &isimul#t într-o #,#rent îm,linire. Asu,r# Asu,r# #$estei #e î%i $on$entre# #ten"i# #utorul. Ai$i #s$ute el l# e!trem ,olemi$# îm,otri+# #l %ilor $re%tini &e ti,ul tolstoienilor. în +iiune# s# lume# +# #sist# l# înlo$uire# m#teri#lismului teoreti$ ,rintr-un s,iritu#lism &e$l#r#t K num#i num#i $ 'eni#lul e!,onent #l noului s,iritu#lism s,iritu#lism se +# mul"umi $u un ine #,r#t &e$l#r#ti+ %i inst#ur#t r#u&ulos. 6siolo'i$ #lsul +# ,ro+eni &intr-o e!$lusi+ iuire &e sine &intr-un or'oliu nemsur#t &in tent#ti+# nesuit &e # se sustitui lui :ristos. A &ori s ii ine$torul omenirii în lo$ul M*ntuitorului M*ntuitorului înse#mn # #$"ion# îm,otri+# Lui. >i $ine #ltul &e$*t &i#+olul l-#r ,ute# sus"ine într-o #t#re #$"iune A$el 'eni#l s,iritu#list se l#s is,itit &e &i#+ol #run$*n&u-se în ,r,#stie. >i nu-1 m#i ,o#te s#l+# &e$*t ne$ur#tul. 6re+estirile #,o $#li,ti$e se îm,lines$ #i# #$um %i #i# ,rin el mult m#i 'r#+ &e$*t în urm# in+#iei i n+#iei mon'ole. :$i „omul +iitorului rumos ,uterni$ %i în"ele,t $u$ere%te lume# m#i înt*i $u lu$r#re# s# Calea deschis$ c$tre pacea universal$ şi bun$stare (în +iiune# lui Solo+io+ tot un ,ro'r#m uto,i$ &e esen" tolstoi#n) i#r #,oi $# îm,r#t rom#n nou st,*nitor #l 6m*ntului. I&ee# $onst în $#,#$it#te# su,r#omului &e # inst#ur# #t*t ,#$e# uni+ers#l $*t %i o în&estul#re tre,t#t în $#re ie$#re s ,rime#s$ &u, $#,#$it"i i#r ie$#re $#,#$it#te s se mso#re &u, mun$ %i merite. /'#lit#te# uni+ers#l # $elor stui e o ,roie$"ie uto,i$ în $#re Solo+io+ le#' noul s,iritu#lism &e m#teri#lismul &esuet.
J 22
IO IAO>I
A$e#st $iu&#t simio (,#r$ între iets$e olstoi olstoi %i M#r!) este îns un $re%tinism r :ristos ,rin urm#re un #nti$re%-tinism. :*n& Anti$rist +re# s reune#s$ 4iseri$ile $re%tine mul"umin&u-i mul"umin&u-i %i ,e 6#,# 6etru #l II-le# %i ,e st#re"ul orto&o! Io#n Io#n %i ,e ,rotest#ntul /rnst 6#uli (nume &eri+#te
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&in oul est#ment (+ei %atei, BE %arcu, 13 /,istol# # &ou# $tre es#loni$eni es#loni$eni # S. A,ostol 6#+el &#r m#i $u se#m A,o$#li,s# S. Io#n eolo'ul). D#$ Anti$rist Anti$rist %i #utorul su A,olloniu &ores$ o unii$#re re# # $re%tinilor în s$im 6etru %i Io#n în+i#"i se înr"es$ în $ele &in urm $u ,roesorul 6#uli ultimii re$u-nos$*n&u-1 ,e 6etru &re,t ,storul tuturor oilor lui :ristos. Reminis$en" # tent#ti+elor lui Solo+io+ &e # ,romo+# uniune# 4iseri$ilor $re%tine su ol&uire# ,#,#lit"ii. Deno&m*ntul un nu +# +eni îns &e$*t &u, tr#+ers#re# $elor m#i $um,lite în$er$ri. Rs,untori &e ele #r i &u, o,ini# #+#ns#t nu num#i %i nu #t*t ne$re&in$io%ii $*t m#i #les #l%ii $re&in$io%i. S=DI= IROD=:IV 23
Ar'umentele îm,otri+# lor în s,e" %i $u &eoseire îm,otri+# lui olstoi olstoi re,reint o il im,ort#nt &in istori# $ulturii ruse &e l# s*r%itul +e#$ului tre$ut. A$u# $ to$m#i un #semene# $re%tinism re&us l# ,res$ri,"ii element#re %i &in $#re li,se%te to$m#i esen"i#lul se #$e rs,untor ,entru o +iito#re ,osiil &e'rin'ol#& K rm*ne rm*ne o ,resu,unere #+#ns#t &e una &intre ,r"ile #l#te în &is,ut. M#rele „&i#lo' Solo+io+-olstoi Solo+io+-olstoi # ost în $ele &in urm ,urt#t num#i &e $tre un# &intre ,r"i &e Solo+io+ ,rin lu$r#re# s# in#l $#re se met#moroe# met#moroe# #stel într-un „monolo'. „monolo'. olstoi olstoi nu-i +# rs,un&e &ire$t. D#r ,entru # $*ntri im,li$itele lui $ontr##r'umente +or treui ,uli$#te ,rin$i,#lele lui tr#t#te eti$-reli'io#se. um#i &u, $e +om #+e# #$$es %i l# ele +om i în msur s $*ntrim nu &o#r &re,t"ile %i ne&re,t"ile #melor +iiuni întemei#te #m*n&ou ,e mor#lit#te# $re%tin &#r %i msur# $onirmrii s#u inirmrii lor &e $tre se$olul #l UU-le#. în ,ri+in"# &in urm ,esimismul „&i#lo'urilor %i #l „,o+estirii ,#re # i ost K &eo$#m&#t K $onirm#t. D#$ +om ,ri+i te!tul $# ,re-te!t +om i ului"i &e tot $e # reu%it s ,re-simt Solo+io+ &in te!tur# #$estui se$ol $um,lit. în #$e#st ,ers,e$ti+ el se &o+e&e%te tot #t*t &e +iion#r $# %i Dostoie+s2i în #nt##re# s# &es,re „%i'#lio+ism s#u &es,re „M#rele in$i itor K s#u ,re$um P#2# 4e$2ett OrGell în #lu$in#"iile lor. Anti$rist e ,re+estit &e $tre Solo+io+ în 1900 ultimul #n &in-tr-un +e#$ în $#re în$re&ere# 6oliti$i#nului în ,ro'res m#i ,ute# i lu#t în serios. A$est ,ro'res i se ,#re Domnului # i „un sim,tom #l s*r%itului s*r%it re+el#t K ,rintr-o #ntire-+el#"ie K &e $tre Anti$rist. O im#'ine sumr. D#r s #s$ultm %i o,ini# lui :eo+ e!,us în &ou s$risori &in #$el#%i #n 1900C „6e nimeni nu l-#m iuit $# ,e el Y,e Solo+io+ e+i&entZ e+i&entZ sunt ne$re&in$ios &#r &in to#te s,e$iile $re&in"ei $re&in"# lui îmi ,#re $e# m#i #,ro,i#t %i m#i $on+in'to#re. „în $ee# $e-1 ,ri+e%te ,e VI. Solo+io+ nu ,ot i &e #$or& $u &umne#+o#str. Desi'ur olstoi olstoi e un om m#re &#r $e s #$i &#$ VI. Solo+io+ $re&e în în+iere# tru,e#s$ în $ultur# euro,e#n onul onul $elor 9rei palmieri Yne #mintim titlul +#ri#ntei ,uli$#te în re+istZ ,o#te s nu ,l#$ &#r se ,o#te s,uneC W:estiune &e 'ustX. 24
IO IAOSI
Dis,ut# &intre rul $u în&*rire ,re+estit &e Solo+io+ %i inele $u n#i+it#te $o,ilre#s$ #%te,t#t &e olstoi olstoi $ontinu. Se$olul #l &oue$ile# $onirm m#i &e'r# ,re+estirile rele. Se$olul #l &oue$i %i unule# +# otrî &#$ în$er$rile #u ost %i +or m#i i to#te K întru ineT IO IAO>I
9R!I DI;L80#RI despre r$zboi, pro"res
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6R/7AH S ie o#re r$ul num#i un ne#uns ires$ o ne&es+*r%ire $e ,iere &e l# sine ,e msur $e s,ore%te inele ori este $i#r o forţ$ re#l $e st$p:neşte ,rin is,it lume# no#str no#str #%# în$*t ,entru #-i st# îm,otri+ îm,otri+ $u olos s ie ne+oie ne+oie &e un ,un$t ,un$t &e s,riin într-un #lt ni+el #l e!isten"ei A$e#st A$e#st $estiune +it#l ,o#te i $er$et#t %i lmurit ri'uros &o#r în $#&rul unui sistem met#ii$ inte'r#l. :*n& m-#m #,le$#t #su,r# #$estei ,roleme în olosul $elor $#,#ili %i #tr#%i &e raţionalismul abstract?, mi-#m &#t se#m# totu%i $*t &e im,ort#nt este &is$ut#re# rului ,entru to#t lume#. A$um +reo &oi #ni o o#re$e s$im#re în &is,oi"i# me# sulete#s$ s$im#re s$im#re &es,re $#re nu este ne+oie s s,un m#i multe #$um # treit în mine &orin"# ,uterni$ %i ne$lintit &e # ,une în lumin într-un mo& $on$ret %i #$$esiil tuturor #$ele #s,e$te m#ore #le ,rolemei ,rolemei rului $#re treuie s-i ,ri+e#s$ ,e to"i. Mult +reme n#m 'sit o orm ,otri+it s,re #-mi în,tui i&ee#. îns în ,rim+#r# #nului 1899 ,e $*n& m #l#m în strint#te s-# în$e'#t &intr-o&#t %i în $*te+# ile # ,rins %i orm s$ris ,rimul &i#lo' ,e #$e#st tem i#r #,oi &u, $e m-#m întors în Rusi# #m s$ris %i $elel#lte &ou &i#lo'uri. Astel Astel s-# ns$ut &e l# sine #$e#st mo&#lit#te $*t se ,o#te &e sim,l &e # s,une $ee# $e în$e,utul #$estei lu$rri # ost ,uli$#t în ,rimele trei $#,itole #le ilooiei teoreti$e („6roleme &e ilooie %i ,siolo'ie 1891898 %i 1899). 28
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
+oi#m s s,un. / orm# $on+ers#"iei &e'##te mon&ene mon&ene #r#t o#rte o#rte lim,e&e $ în #$e#st lu$r#re nu treuie $ut#t ni$i o $er$et#re %tiin"ii$o-ilooi$ ni$i o ,re&i$ reli'io#s. S#r$in# me# #i$i e m#i mult #,olo'eti$ %i ,olemi$C #m +rut ,e $*t #m ,utut s #rt &eslu%it #$ele #"ete un&#ment#le #le #&e+rului $re%tin reerito#re l# ,rolem# rului $#re sunt în&eosei în ultim# +reme #t#$#te &in m#i multe &ire$"ii. :u mul"i #ni în urm #m $itit o %tire &es,re o nou reli'ie #,rut ,e un&e+# ,rin 'uerniile rsritene. A$e#st A$e#st $re&in" #i $rei #&e,"i se nume#u vertid:rni)i (sre&elitori &e 'uri) s#u d$romoliai ($ei $e se ro#' l# '#ur) 1 se m#niest# în elul urmtorC #&e,"ii ei $e#u un&e+# într-un ,erete &intr-un $ol" întune$#t #l iei lor o '#ur &e mrime ,otri+it %i li,in&u-%i uele &e e# e# re,et#u &e multe multe ori %i $u insisten"C insisten"C „I# me# '#ur# me# m*ntuie%te-mT m*ntuie%te-mT S#r ,ute# s,une $ oie$tul #&or#"iei s#$re n-# m#i #tins ni$i$*n& un #t#re 'r#& &e sim,lii$#re. D#r &#$ &i+ini#re# unei #n#le ie "rne%ti %i # unui sim,lu orii$iu $ut &e m*n# omului în ,eretele #$estei# este o ereie r &o#r %i ,o#te treuie totu%i s s,unem $ m$#r #i$i +orim &es,re o ereie sin$erC #$e%ti o#meni er#u $om,let sminti"i îns nu în$er$#u s în%ele ,e nimeni iei îi s,une#u s,une#u ,e numeC numeC izb$, iar '#ur# sre&elit în ,eretele #$estei# o nume#u ,e &re,t $u+*ntC $u+*ntC "aur$. îns reli'i# sfredelitorilor sfredelitorilor # $unos$ut &estul &e iute o „e+olu"ie %i s-# su,us „tr#nsormrii. în nou# s# orm e# %i-# ,str#t sli$iune# '*n&irii reli'io#se %i în'ustime# intereselor
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mor#l ,e $#re #m #mintit-o. I#r i&entit#te# $onst în $#r#$terul ,ur ne'#ti+ %i în li,s# &e $on"inut # #melor „$on$e,"ii &es,re lume. >i $u to#te $ sre&elitorii „intele$tu#li nu-%i &#u lor în-%ilor numele &e sre&elitori $i se numes$ $re%tini i#r $ee# $e ,ro,o+&uies$ numes$ /+#n'elie $re%tinismul r &e :ristos %i r &e /+#n'elie #&i$ r &e vestea cea bun$, r #$el bine $#re-#r merit# s ie ,ro,o+&uit &e$i r în+iere# re#l întru &e,lint#te# unei +ie"i eri$ite nu re,reint &e$*t un lo$ vid, $# o #n#l '#ur sre&elit într-o i "rne#s$. Am i ,utut s nu +orim &es,re #$este lu$ruri &#$ &e#su,r# 'urii r#"ion#liste nu s-#r i ,us un #ls stin&#r& $re%tin $#re s t*r#s$ în is,it %i s tulure o mul"ime &e ,erso#ne. Atun$i Atun$i $*n& sunt o#meni $#re $re& %i #irm în$eti%or $ :ristos # îmb$tr:nit, $ e dep$şit ori $ ni$i m$#r n-# e!ist#t $ e un mit in+ent#t &e #,ostolul 6#+el #tun$i $*n& #$e%ti o#meni $ontinu $u în+er%un#re s se nume#s$ „#&e+r#"i $re%tini %i s-%i #s$un& ,re&i$# lo$ului lor +i& în s,#tele $u+intelor rstlm$ite #le /+#n'eliei in&ieren"# %i în'&uin"# nu-%i m#i #u lo$ulC &#t iin& inest#re# #tmoserei mor#le $u ne#&e+r sistem#ti$ $on%tiin"# so$iet"ii $ere sus %i t#re s se s,un lu$rului $elui ru ,e nume. A&e+r#t# menire # #$estei ,olemi$i nu este d$r:marea falsei reli"ii, ci dezv$luirea adev$ratei minciuni. A$e#st min$iun nu #re ni$i o s$u. :om,#r*n-&u-m ,e mine #utor # trei lu$rri interise &e $enur# reli'io#s B %i ,e $ei $e ti,res$ o sume&enie &e $r"i 30
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
ro%uri %i oi în strint#te strint#te nu ,utem ,une ,une l# mo&ul serios ,rolem# ,rolem# ost#$olelor ost#$olelor e!terne #l#te în $#le# unei &e,line sin$erit"i în #$est sens. în'r&ire# liert"ii reli'io#se $#re în$ m#i &inuie l# noi este un# &intre &urerile mele m#ri %i ,roun&e $$i +& %i simt $*t sunt &e rele %i &e #,sto#re #$este limitri +enite &in ##r nu num#i ,entru $ei $e le în$e#r$ ,e ,iele# lor $i în ,rimul r*n& ,entru $#u# $re%tinismului $re%tinismului în Rusi# %i ,rin urm#re urm#re ,entru ,o,orul rus %i mer'*n& mer'*n& %i m#i m#i &e,#rte ,entru st#tul rus. rus. îns ni$i un el &e în'r&ire e!terio#r nu-1 +# îm,ie&i$# ,e omul $u $on+in'eri %i un$re&in" s-%i #,ere ,e &e,lin $on+in'erile. D#$ #$est #$est lu$ru nu ,o#te i $ut #$#s el ,o#te i $ut în strint#te. >i $ine se olose%te &e #$e#st ,osiilit#te m#i mult &e$*t ,ro,o+&uitorii #lsei /+#n'elii #tun$i $*n& este +or# &es,re ,roleme aplicate &e ,oliti$ %i reli'ie I#r în
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mult K e on&#torul l#r' rs,*n&itei reli'ii u&iste. A$est# $i#r # ,ro,o+&uit #$ele lu$ruri &e $#re ei #+e#u ne+oieC ne-îm,otri+ire# senint#te# non-#$"iune# #stinen"# %.#.m.&. %i $i#r # reu%it f$r$ martiriu, „s #si'ure o $#rier strlu$it reli'iei s#le. :r"ile sinte #le u&i%ti-lor ,ro,o+&uies$ ,ro,o+&uies$ vidul, %i ,entru $# nou# în+"tur s ie în tot#l #$or& $u ele m#i er# ne+oie &o#r &e sim,lii$#re# unor &et#lii. S*nt# S$ri,tur # e+reilor %i # $re%tinilor este &im,otri+ ,lin &e $on"inut s,iritu#l ,oiti+ $#re ne#' %i +i&ul +e$i %i ,e $el nou %i ,entru # le'# ,ro,o-+&uire# ,ro,o-+&uire# $e# nou &e +reo $u'et#re &in /+#n'elie /+#n'elie s#u &in 6roro$i 6roro$i este ne$es#r $# ,rin to#te ne#&e+rurile s se ru, le'tur# res,e$ti+ei $u'etri %i $u între#'# $#rte %i $u $onte!tul #,ro,i#t K în tim, $e sutrele $r"ile sinte u&iste oer o mul"ime &e în+"turi %i le'en&e ,otri+ite nimi$ &in #$este $r"i neiin& strin K ni$i $# esen" ni$i $# s,irit K noii în+"turi. înlo$uin&u-1 ,e „r#inul '#lile#n $u în"ele,tul ne#mului S#2# #l%ii $re%tini n-#r i #+ut nimi$ re#l &e ,ier&ut $i #r i $*%ti'#t $e+# e!trem &e im,ort#nt K $el ,u"in &u, ,rere# ,rere# me# K %i #numeC #numeC /!,resi# nu-mi #,#r"ine. 32
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
,osiilit#te# &e # i $i#r %i în ereie ereie &e un-$re&in" %i %i în o#re$#re msur msur $onse$+en"i. $onse$+en"i. D#r ei nu &ores$ #$est lu$ru... în+"tur# li,sit &e $on"inut # noii „reli'ii %i $ontr#&i$"iile ei lo'i$e sunt mult ,re# e+i&ente %i &in #$est un'i &e +e&ere #m ost ne+oit (în $el &e-#l treile# &i#lo') s ,reint o s$urt &#r $om,let list &e $on$e,te $#re se &istru' în mo& $l#r unul ,e #ltul %i $#re e 'reu &e $reut $ #r m#i ,ute# im,resion# ,e #lt$ine+# în ##r &e un ti, rsul#t $um e 6rin"ul meu. D#r &#$ #% reu%i s #tr#' #ten"i# #su,r# $eleil#lte l#turi # ,rolemei %i s #$ +reun sulet în%el#t îns +iu s simt între#'# #lsit#te mor#l # #$estei teorii &istru$ti+e în #ns#mlul ei s$o,ul ,olemi$ #l #$estei $rti$ele #r i #tins. De #ltel sunt ,roun& $on+ins $ un $u+*nt &e &em#s$#re # ne#&e+rului rostit ,*n l# $#,t $i#r &#$ n-#r #+e# o #$"iune ,oiti+ ime&i#t #r re,reent# totu%i ,e l*n' o îm,linire suie$ti+ # &#toriei mor#le # $elui $e-1 roste%te %i o msur s#nit#r s,iritu#lmente sensiil în +i#"# între'ii so$iet"i un$i#rmente util #$estei# #t*t în ,reent $*t %i ,entru +iitor.
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sin$erit#te# %i în ,un$tul &e +e&ere #l unui# %i în ,un$tul &e +e&ere #l $eluil#lt. Str*m l# mo&ul #solut este ,rin$i,iul rului %i #l min$iunii în sine i#r nu #$ele mo&#lit"i &e lu,t îm,otri+# lui $um #r i s#i# lu,ttorului ori ,#n# &i,lom#tuluiC #$este instrumente treuie s ie #,re$i#te în un$"ie &e $*t sunt ele &e ,otri+ite în #numite îm,reurri. >i &e ie$#re &#t se &o+e&e%te # i $el m#i un #$el instrument $#re ser+e%te inele într-un mo& m#i $u+enit #&i$ m#i ei$ient. >i S. Ale!ieE mitro,olitul #tun$i $*n& îi re,reent# ,#%ni$ ,e $neii ru%i în ;o#r& %i ,re#$u+iosul Ser'ie5 #tun$i $*n& ine$u+*nt# #rmele lui Dmitiri Dons2oiJ îm ,otri+# #$elei#%i #$elei#%i ;o#r&e #m*n&oi #m*n&oi &eo,otri+ er#u sluitori #i #i #$elui#%i ine K multiorm %i multil#ter#l. „Di#lo'urile &es,re ru &es,re lu,t# #rm#t %i $e# ,#%ni$ îm,otri+# #$estui# treui#u s se în$eie #rt*n& ultim# e!trem# m#niest#re # rului în istorie în"i%*n& triumul &e s$urt &ur#t #l rului %i $&ere# lui &einiti+. Ini"i#l #m e!,us %i #$est suie$t în #$ee#%i orm 34
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
&i#lo'#t $# # $elor #nterio#re %i $u #$el#%i #&#os &e umor. D#r $riti$ile #mi$#le m-#u $on+ins $ un #t#re mo& &e e!,rim#re este &e &ou ori ne,otri+itC m#i înt*i ,entru $ ,#uele %i re,li$ile $ol#ter#le $erute &e &i#lo' sles$ interesul ,entru ,o+estire i#r în #l &oile# r*n& ,entru $ tonul #n#l #n#l # $i#r 'lume" 'lume" #l $on+ers#"iei $on+ers#"iei nu $ores,un&e semnii$#"iei semnii$#"iei reli'io#se ,e $#re o #re oie$tul &is$u"iei. So$otin& So$otin& în&re,t"ite #$este #$este oser+#"ii #m mo&ii$#t mo&ii$#t re&#$t#re# $elui &e-#l treile# &i#lo' în'lo*n& în el le$tur# inte'r#l # unei „s$urte ,o+estiri &es,re Anti$rist Anti$rist &in m#nus$risul unui mon# r,os#t. A$e#st ,o+estire #nterior $itit &e mine în ,uli$ # treit #t*t în so$iet#te $*t %i în ,res nu ,u"ine ne&umeriri %i rstlm$iri # $ror $#u ,rin$i,#l este o#rte sim,lC insui$ient# $uno#%tere l# noi # mrturiilor :u+*ntului Dumneeies$ %i #le ,re&#niei iseri$e%ti &es,re Anti$rist. Sensul interior #l Anti$ristului $# im,ostor reli'ios $#re-%i o"ine #triutele &e 7iu #l Domnului ,rin „r#,t %i nu ,rin eroism s,iritu#l le'tur# s# $u #lsul ,roro$-t#-um#tur' $e-i is,ite%te ,e o#meni $u minunile s#le re#le ori min$ino#se ori'ine# Anti$ristului Anti$ristului însu%i $#re-%i o"ine ,rin ee$tele or"ei os$ur %i +oit ,$to#s # rului ,oi"i# +iiil &e mon#r uni+ers#l e+olu"i# 'ener#l %i s*r%itul #$"iunii s#le $# %i unele trsturi ,#rti$ul#re $#r#$teristi$e lui %i #lsului su ,roro$
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în tot $ee# $e s,un &es,re ,#nmon'olism11 %i in+#i# #si#ti$ în /uro,# treuie &e #semene# $ut &istin$"i# &intre esen" %i #mnunte. îns ni$i $el m#i însemn#t #,t &e #i$i nu #re ineîn"eles #$e# #$e# in$ontest#il +eri&i$it#te +eri&i$it#te ,e $#re o #u #u +enire# +iito#re %i %i so#rt# Anti$ristului %i # #lsului su ,roro$. în istori# rel#"iilor mon'olo-eu-ro,ene nu este lu#t nimi$ &ire$t &in S*nt# S$ri,tur $u to#te $ multe lu$ruri #u sui$iente ,un$te &e s,riin #i$i. în 'ener#l #$e#st istorie este un %ir &e $onsi&er#"ii ,ro#ile ##te ,e &#te re#le. 6erson#l $onsi&er $ #$e#st ,ro#ilit#te este #,ro#,e &e ,osiilit#te %i nu sunt sin'urul $#re '*n&e%te #%# m#i sunt %i #lte ,erso#ne m#i im,ort#nte... 6entru o un &es%ur#re # ,o+estirii #m ost ne+oit s $oner #$estor $onsi&er#"ii #su,r# +iito#rei 36
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
#menin"ri mon'ole &i+erse #mnunte ,e $#re se-n"e-le'e nu le $onsi&er in#iliile %i &e $#re m-#m str&uit s nu #$ #u. 6entru mine # ost m#i im,ort#nt s &eines$ $*t m#i +eri&i$ +iito#re# teriil $io$nire &intre &ou lumi l umi %i ,rin #$e#st# s #r'umente $on$ret ne$esit#te# im,erio#s # ,$ii %i # ,rieteniei sin$ere &intre n#"iunile euro,ene. D#$ nu $re& $ ro#iele în "eneral +or ,ute# s &is,#r în#inte# unei $#t#stroe &einiti+e în #,ro,iere# str*ns %i în $onlu$r#re# ,#%ni$ # tuturor ,o,o#relor creştine +& $#le# nu &o#r ,osiil $i $i#r $i#r ne$es#r %i mor#lmente mor#lmente oli'#torie întru s#l+#re# s#l+#re# lumii $re%tine &e l# # i în'i"it &e stiii inerio#re ei. 6entru # nu lun'i %i # nu $om,li$# ,o+estire# #m omis &in te!tul &i#lo'urilor o #lt ,re+iiune &es,re $#re +oi s,une &ou $u+inte #i$i. :onsi&er $ su$$esul ,#nmon-'olismului ,#nmon-'olismului +# i &in#inte #+ori#t &e #$e# lu,t #$er %i isto+ito#re ,e $#re unele st#te euro,ene +or i ne+oite s o ,o#rte îm,otri+# Isl#mului re+i'or#t în +estul Asiei A,usene în Ari$# Se,tentrion#l %i :entr#l. =n rol m#i m#re &e$*t se $re&e în mo& oi%nuit îl o#$ #$ti+it#te# se$ret %i neoosit # r"iei reli'ios-,oliti$e 'e-nusia, $#re #re ,entru mi%$rile lumii musulm#ne $ontem,or#ne $ontem,or#ne #$ee#%i însemnt#te $#,it#l ,e $#re o #re ,rintre mi%$rile lumii u&iste or&inul tiet#n #l )elani-lor &in L#s#1B $u r#mii$#"iile s#le in&iene $inee %i #,onee. De,#rte &e mine +reo &u%mnie #solut #" &e u&ism %i $u #t*t m#i mult #" &e isl#m &#r %i r mine sunt &estui $ei $e nu +or s +#& st#re# &e #,t #$tu#l %i +iito#re.
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#m #sist#t r s s,un nimi$ l# &is$u"iile lor. =nele mi s-#u ,rut interes#nte %i le-#m not#t $i#r #tun$i #+*n&u-le ,ro#s,ete în memorie. 6rim# lor &is$u"ie în$e,use în li,s# me# %i se ,urt# ,e m#r'ine# m#r'ine# unui #rti$ol s#u # unei ro%uri $u $u ,ri+ire l# #$e# $#m,#nie $#m,#nie liter#r îm,otri+# roiului %i # ser+i$iului milit#r $#m,#nie $on&us #sti ,e urmele $ontelui olstoi olstoi18 &e #ro#n# Suttner Suttner %i &e Mr. St#&19. L# între#re# Do#mnei $e $re&e &es,re #$e#st mi%$#re 6oliti$i#nul # numit-o ine-inten"ion#t %i util l# #st# ?ener#lul s-# înuri#t rus$ %i # în$e,ut s-i i# rut$ios ,este ,i$ior ,e $ei trei s$riitori numin&u-i #&e+r#"i st*l,i #i în"ele,$iunii &e st#t $onstel#"ii $luito#re ,e olt# ,oliti$ %i $i#r $ele trei #lene $e sus"in ,m*ntul rus l# $#re 6oliti$i#nul # rem#r$#tC ei s-or m#i 'si %i #ltel &e ,e%tiB0. A$est #,t 1-# um,lut nu se %tie &e $e &e în$*nt#re ,e Domnul . $#re i-#
I
I
40
VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
oli'#t K &u, ,ro,riile-i s,use K ,e $ei &oi $om#t#n"i s re$uno#s$ l# unison $um $ într#&e+r ei $onsi&er $ #len# este un ,e%te %i $i#r s &e# &e $omun #$or& o &eini"ie l# $ee# $e este un ,e%te %i #numeC un #nim#l $e "ine ,#r"i#l &e „ser+i$iul mri %i ,#r"i#l &e „&e,#rt#mentul $omuni$#"ii m#ritime. De #ltel $re& $ #$este lu$ruri le-# in+ent#t $i#r Domnul . Ori$um s-#r i ,etre$ut lu$rurile eu n-#m reu%it s re$onstitui #%# $um se $u+ine în$e,utul &i#lo'ului. S-1 $om,un &in $#,ul meu &u, mo&elul lui 6l#ton %i #l &is$i,olilor si nu m-#m ,utut otrî %i #m în$e,ut în$e,ut s-1 note &e l# #$ele $u+inte $u+inte #le ?ener#lului ?ener#lului ,e $#re le-#m #uit #uit #tun$i $*n& m-#m #,ro,i#t &e $ei $e &is$ut#u. DIALO?=L \[I ;udiatur et ,rim# parsEFB
?//RAL=L =a"itat, vorbeşte st:nd c:nd în picioare, c:nd os, face "esturi "esturi repezitei i#t $ #$e#st $re&in" este ls#t r temelie $#u# milit#r este li,sit $um s-#r s,une m#i s#+#nt &e „inst#n"# s# mo-r#l-reli'io#s. 6OLII:IA=LC /!#'er#"i în'roitor. u se +e&e ni$i o #stel &e s$im#re r#&i$#l în $on$e,"ii. 6e &e-o ,#rte %i ,*n #$um %ti# to#t lume# $ roiul este un ru %i $ este $u #t*t m#i ine $u $*t este m#i ,u"in roi ,e &e #lt ,#rte to"i o#menii serio%i în"ele' %i #$um $ roiul este un ru # $rui elimin#re tot#l nu este în$ ,osiil în ,reent. De$i este +or# nu &es,re &istru'ere# roiului $i &es,re re&u$ere# re&u$ere# s# tre,t#t %i K se ,re# ,o#te K lent l# limite o#rte în'uste. I#r +e&ere# &e ,rin$i,iu #su,r# roiului rm*ne $e# &intot&e#un#C un ru ine+it#il o nenoro$ire $e ,o#te i su,ort#t în situ#"ii e!treme. ?//RAL=LC >i-#t*t 6OLII:IA=LC At*t. ?//RAL=L =s$rind de pe scauni ,r#$ti$ ,e $ine $ine &er#ne# #$est #$est lu$ru Do#r ,e $leri$i $$i #ri$#re# #ri$#re# &e aureoleF@ e &omeniul lor. /i +# m#i treui s$utur#t ,e i$i ,e $olo $*te $e+#. :e nu +# ,ute# i s$im#t se +# tlm$i în #lt sens i#r restul +# i sortit unei noile t$eri %i uitri. 6RI=LC De #ltel #u %i în$e,ut unele noile #&#,tri. /u urmres$ ,entru e&i"iile mele liter#tur# no#str reli'io#s. >i-n &ou re+iste #m #+ut ,l$ere# s $ites$ $um $ $re%tinismul $on&#mn în mo& in&is$ut#il roiul. ?//RAL=LC u se ,o#teT
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,roesiune# milit#r milit#r ,entru to#t +i#"# ,o#te ,o#te &o#r $ine %tie $e $e ,le#+ # n#turii n#turii $#re nu m#i #re ori$um #lt$e+# &e $ut i#r în #l &oile# r*n& to"i $ei $#re +or treui s-%i ee$tuee $u &e-# sil# ser+i$iul milit#r o +or #$e $u #$ele#%i sentimente $u $#re o$n#%ii "intui"i &e ro## ,e $#re-o îm,in' î%i $#r l#n"urile. >i-#tun$i $e s m#i +orim &es,re +irtu"i milit#re %i s,irit &e lu,tT DL C Am ost întot&e#un# $on+ins $ &u, intro&u$ere# ser+i$iului milit#r 'ener#l &iol+#re# #rm#tei %i #,oi %i # &i+erselor st#te este &o#r o $estiune &e tim, %i &e ti m, nu o#rte în&elun'#t #+*n& în +e&ere mersul #$tu#l #t*t &e r#,i& #l istoriei. ?//RAL=LC 6o#te $ #+e"i &re,t#te. 6RI=LC /u $i#r $re& $ #+e"i cu si"uranţ$ &re,t#te &e%i ,*n #$um #$este lu$ruri nu mi#u tre$ut ,rin $#, su orm# #st#. îns este minun#tT ?*n&i"i-+C milit#rismul 'enere# sistemul ser+i$iului milit#r 'ener#l $# orm &e e!,resie e!trem %i i#t $ e!#$t &#torit #$estui lu$ru se stin'e nu num#i milit#rismul &e ormul nou $i &is,#r to#te #ele str+e$i #le or*n&uielii milit#re. Minun#t. DOAMAC 6rin"ul $i#r s-# în+eselit l# #". :e ineT : #ltminteri uml# tot tim,ul #%# &e moor*t K nu semn# &elo$ $u „un #&e+r#t $re%tin. 6RI=LC 6re# multe lu$ruri triste sunt în urul nostru nu m#i rm*ne &e$*t o sin'ur u$urieC '*n&ul '*n&ul l# triumul iminent #l r#"iunii în $iu&# $iu&# ori$ror ost#$ole. ost#$ole. DL C 7#,tul $ milit#rismul se #uto&e+ore# #uto&e+ore# în /uro,# %i în Rusi# este in&is$ut#il. D#r $e
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$#&e între $ee# $e e ine %i $ee# $e e ru. u-i #%# DL C îmi $er iert#re. A% i$e $ #$e#st &is,ut este inutil &in ,ers,e$ti+# $estiunii $#re ne rm*nt. /u &e ,il& re$unos$ întru totul o,oi"i# in&is$ut#il &intre inele %i rul mor#l %i toto&#t mi-e o#rte $l#r $ roiul %i ,#$e# nu ,ot i tr#t#te tot #%# $ nu este ni$i$um ,osiil s +e&em +e&em roiul num#i num#i în ne'ru i#r ,#$e# ,#$e# K num#i în #l. 6RI=LC D#r #i$i #+em o $ontr#&i$"ie intern. D#$ un lu$ru ru în sine &e e!em,lu omu$i&ere# ,o#te i în unele $#uri #tun$i $*n& ine+oi"i #-1 numi roi r oi un lu$ru un #tun$i un&e &is,#re &ieren"# in&is$ut#il &intre ine %i ru DL C :*t e &e sim,luC „Ori$e omu$i&ere este un ru in&is$ut#il roiul este omu$i&ere &e$i roiul este un ru in&is$ut#il. =n silo'ism &e r#n'ul unu. =it#"i îns $ #mele ,remise %i $e# m#or %i $e# minor minor m#i treuie s ie %i %i &emonstr#te %i ,rin ,rin urm#re $on$lui# #t*rn ,*n un#-#lt# în #er. 6OLII:IA=LC V-#m s,us eu $-o s nimerim în s$ol#sti$ DOAMAC De #,t &umne#lor &es,re $e +ores$ 6OLII:IA=LC Des,re nu %tiu $e ,remise m#ore %i minore. DL C Iert#reT Aun'em ime&i#t %i l# $ee# $e ne interese#. A%#&#r A%#&#r &umne#+o#str #irm#"i $ în ori$e situ#"ie # u$i&e &e$i # lu# +i#"# $ui+# este un ru r u in&is$ut#il 6RI=LC 7r în&oi#l. DL C D#r # i ost u$is K e un ru in&is$ut#il ori nu
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mie &e ori #$est #r'umentT DLC Rem#r$#il nu este #,tul $ l-#"i #uit &e o mie &e ori $i $ nimeni n-# #uit ni$io&#t &e l# $ei $e '*n&es$ ,re$um &omni# +o#str un $ontr##r'ument $ontr##r'ument +#l#il s#u $*t &e $*t #$$e,t#il l# #$est #r'ument sim,lu. 6RI=LC i$i n-#i ,entru $e s #&u$i un $ontr##r'umentT DL C /i +e&e"i D#$ nu su orm &e $ontr##r'ument #tun$i &emonstr#"i-ne într-un mo& o#re$#re &ire$t %i ,oiti+ $ în ori$e situ#"ie r e!$e,"ie &e$i in$lusi+ în $e# &es,re $#re +orim e neîn&oielni$ m#i ine s nu te îm,otri+e%ti rului ,rin +iolen" &e$*t s re$ur'i l# or" $u ris$ul &e # omorî un om ru %i ,eri$ulos. 6RI=LC u-n"ele' &es,re $e &emonstr#"ie ,o#te i +or# ,entru un $# ,#rti$ul#r Din
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+# re,ro%# $on%tiin"# %i $-i +# i ru%ine ru%ine ,*n l# sil &e ,ro,ri#-i ,erso#n 6RI=LC Se ,o#te $# lu$rurile &es,re $#re +ori"i s le simt un mor#list $#re nu $re&e în re#lit#te# or&inii mor#le ori $#re # uit#t $ Dumneeu nu se #l în or" $i în #&e+r. DOAMAC 4ine is. /i ine $um +e"i rs,un&e #$um DL C Voi rs,un&e $ #% +re# $# to#te #$este lu$ruri s ie s,use %i m#i ine #&i$ m#i &ire$t m#i sim,lu %i m#i l# oie$t. :$i #"i +rut s s,une"i $ un mor#list $#re $re&e $u #&e+r#t în #&e+rul lui Dumneeu treuie r s-1 o,re#s$ ,e ti$los $u or"# s se #&resee lui Dumneeu $u ru'# $# rul s nu se s+*r%e#s$C ie ,rintr-o minune mor#l K o $on+ertire rus$ # t*l#rului l# $#le# $e# &re#,t ie ,rintr-o minune ii$ K %tiu eu s-1 lo+e#s$ &intr-o&#t &#ml#u#...
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u$i&ere# unei i#re rut#le %i #ine este. 6RI=LC Vi se ,#re o #sur&it#te ,entru $ nu ,ri+i"i în$otro treuieC &in ,un$t &e +e&ere mor#l nu este im,ort#nt $el $#re este u$is $i #$el# $#re u$i&e. Ve Ve&e"i &umne#+o#str în%i+ l#"i numit ,e t*l#r >tiar$7, &e$i iin" r $u'et %i $on%tiin" $e ru mor#l s-#r ,ute# #tun$i 'si în #$"iunile lui DOAMAC V# V#i &e mineT 6#r$ #r i +or# &es,re o i#r în sensul liter#l #l $u+*ntului / $# %i $um i-#% s,une eu ii$ei meleC „:e ,rostii s,ui în'er#%ule i#r &umne#+o#str #"i în$e,e s stri'#"i l# mineC „:e s,une"i O#re în'erii ,ot s s,un ,rostii V#i V#i +#i $e &is,ut ne,l$utT 6RI=LC îmi $er s$ue în"ele' ,ere$t $ t*l#rul # ost numit „i#r l# mo&ul met#ori$ %i $ i#r# res,e$ti+ n-#re ni$i $o#& %i ni$i $o,ite îns e lim,e&e $ &es,re li,s &e $u'et %i
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num#i ,rin #$el milo$-li-mit K limit de sus K ,e $#re l-#"i numit numit ,rem#tur %i l-#"i ##n&on#t #t*t &e u%orC ,rin ru'$iune r u'$iune #&i$ ,rin #$e# su,rem în$or&#re # +oin"ei &e ine #t*t &e ,uterni$ în$*t sunt $on+ins $ #$e într-#&e+r minuni #tun$i $*n& #$est lu$ru e ne$es#r. ne$es#r. D#r &e,in&e &e $on&i"iile interne %i e!terne #le e+enimentului $#re #nume &intre #$este mo&#lit"i &e # &# #utor treuie s ie olosite in&is$ut#il e un sin'ur lu$ruC eu treuie s îl #ut ,e $el oi&it. I#t $e îmi s,une mie $on%tiin"#. ?//RAL=LC =r# re% l# $entruT 6RI=LC /i ine eu sunt &e,#rte &e o #semene# $on%tiin" #tot$u,rinto#re. :on%tiin"# me# e m#i ,re$is %i m#i $on$is în #$est $# %i-mi s,uneC s$ nu uciziE K #t*t# tot. De #ltel #ltel ni$i #$um nu mi se ,#re $ #m $ut un ,#s în#inte în &is,ut# no#str. D#$ #% i &e #$or& $u
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în #ntresol 7u'i l# #mo+ #mo+ un&e $# 'u+ern#tor 7u $i#r iuit. A,oi l# Mos$o+# $# #,ri' sen#tor De to"i $instit. A,oi $i#r memru în $onsiliu &e+eni Destul &e iute... :e un e!em,lu ,entru noi $e or De +irtuteT111 DOAMAC V#i V#i $e nostim ni$i nu m #%te,t#mT 6OLII:IA=LC într-#&e+r minun#t. minun#t. „4#n$note multe noi "i-oi numr# K teriil. „Aren&# K nuT %i „7u'i l# #mo+ #mo+ K deuH vrais coups de maîtreEm
DL C D#r e $*t se ,o#te &e +eri&i$ rem#r$#"i. Del#rue nu este #$e# „+irtute ,ur $#re nu se ,o#te #l# în n#tur. n#tur. / un om +iu $u $u to#te sli$iunile sli$iunile omene%ti $u or'oliu or'oliu („sunt %#mel#nT) $#re %tie s e$onomise#s$ (#re &osite „&e mii +reo sut) i#r reisten"# r eisten"# s# #nt#sti$ în #"# un'erului ti$losului este &o#r un simol tr#ns,#rent #l unt"ii s#le nemr'inite nemr'inite &e neînr*nt %i $i#r insensiil l# +reun el &e umilin"e $ee# $e e!ist $i#r &#$ o#rte r#r. Del#rue Del#rue nu este o întru$i,#re # +irtu"ii $i un om un. 4unt#te# lui sulete#s$ # în+ins însu%irile rele %i le-# îm,ins l# su,r##"# suletului su orm# unor sli$iuni inoensi+e. ot ot #%# %i „mi%elulC nu este întru,#re# #mul#nt # +i$iului $i un #meste$ #n#l &e însu%iri une %i rele. îns l# el rul in+i&iei s-# îni,t temeini$ în #&*n$ul suletului îm,in'*n& tot $e er# un s,re „e,i&erm# suletului $# s s,un #%# un&e unt#te# # lu#t orm# unei sensiilit"i DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
13
o#rte +ii îns su,eri$i#le. :*n& Del#rue rs,un&e r s,un&e unui %ir &e umilin"e $r*n$ene $u $u+inte #m#ile %i $u o in+it#"ie l# $e#i sensiilit#te# e,i&ermei mor#le # „mi%elului este #tins &e #$este m#niestri &e un $re%tere %i #$est# se l#s ,r#& $elui m#i e!,#nsi+ mo& &e # se $i. :*n& îns #m#ilit#te# %#mel#nului se tr#nsorm în #$e# im,li$#re sulete#s$ # omului $u #&e+r#t un $#re îi rs,lte%te &u%m#nului su rul nu num#i ,rin #,#rentul ine #l $u+intelor %i 'esturilor $i ,rin #&e+r#tul ine #l #utorului ,r#$ti$ $*n& Del#rue ,trun&e în situ#"i# e!isten"i#l # t*l#rului su %i este '#t# s-%i îm,#rt $u #$est# #+ere# s-i #r#nee treurile &e ser+i$iu %i $i#r s îi oere o #milie #tun$i #$e#st unt#te real$ #un'e în str#turile mor#le m#i ,roun&e #le t*l#rului %i s$o#te l# i+e#l nimi$ni$i# lui interio#r %i #tin'*n& în $ele &in urm un&ul suletului lui tree%te #$olo &i#ni# in+i&iei. *l#rul nu este in+i&ios ,e unt#te# lui Del#rue $$i %i el ,o#te i l# urm# urmei un K $e el nu s-# sim"it un $*n& „,rins „,rins &e-#l suletului $in ,l*n'e# uT / in+i&ios to$m#i ,e nemr'inire# nemr'inire# #$estei #$estei unt"i %i ,e simpla ei "ravitate, "ravitate, in#$$esiile luiC 6ortretul i-#r ,ute# iert# mi%elul D#r #ren&# K nuT :*t este &e #&e+r#t &e e!#$t $# în re#lit#te# +ieT A$ee#%i +l#' # ,loii &tto#re &e +i#" #$e s $re#s$ %i olosul în ,l#ntele &e le#$ %i otr#+# în $ele otr+ite. ot #%# %i #&e+r#t# ine#$ere s,ore%te s,ore%te în $ele &in urm urm inele în $el un un %i rul în $el ru. >i >i #tun$i treuie s#u #+em &re,tul s &m întot&e#un# %i r &is$ernm*nt r*u lier unelor no#stre sentimente 6ot i o#re lu&#"i ,rin"ii $#re u& &e or $u stro,ito#re# lor $e# un ierurile otr+ite &in 'r&in# un&e se o#$ $o,iii lor Dune# &in $e moti+ %i ,entru $e # ost ,ier&ut + între 138 VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
?//RAL=LC Ast# Ast# #%# eT D#$ Del#rue l-#r i $otono'it &r#+n %i l-#r i &#t ,e u% ##r res,e$ti+ului nu i-#r m#i i st#t '*n&ul l# „#ntresolT DL C /!#$t. S i$em $ #+e# &re,tul s se erte#s$ ,ro,riei unt"i pe sine, s #&mitem $ #%# $um în tim,uri &e &emult er#u mu$eni$i #i $re&in"ei #$um# treuie s ie mu$eni$i #i unt"ii. îns +-ntreC +-ntreC $e ne #$em #$em $u Dune# :$i :$i e# e ino$ent ino$ent %i t*nr %i nu ,o#te ,o#te %i ni$i
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rei& în #,tul $ omenire# n#tur#l $om,us ini"i#l &intr-o mul"ime &e ,o,o#re m#i mult s#u m#i ,u"in #r#re strine unul #ltui# ,#r"i#l ne#+*n& $uno%tin" unul &e $ell#lt %i ,#r"i#l $i#r &u%mnin&u-se &e-# &re,tul #$e tre,t#t s se rem#r$e $e# m#i un ,#rte # s# ,#rte# în+"#t %i e&u$#t K lume# $i+ili#t s#u euro,e#n $#re u%or-u%or $re%te se e!tin&e %i în $ele &in urm treuie s $u,rin& to#te ,o,o#rele $#re-#u rm#s în urm# #$estei mi%$ri # istoriei in$lu*n&u-le %i ,e #$este# într-un uni$ între' soli&#r %i ,#%ni$. Inst#ur#re# ,$ii +e%ni$e între ,o,o#re K #$e#st# este ormul# &omniei +o#stre nu-i #%# 6OLII:IA=LC 4# &# %i într-o re#li#re +iito#re %i nu o#rte în&e,rt#t #$e#st ormul +# &u$e l# su$$ese $ultur#le esen"i#le $u mult m#i multe &e$*t s-#r ,re# #$um. ?*n&i"i-+ num#i $*t ru +# i ne$es#rmente #troi#t %i $*t ine +# #,re# %i se +# &e+olt# ,rin or"# lu$rurilor. :*t ener'ie ener'ie se +# elier# ,entru #$ti+it"i ,ro&u$ti+e $*t &e s,e$t#$ulos +or înlori %tiin"ele %i #rtele in&ustri# %i $omer"ul... DL C D#r elimin#re# olilor %i înr*n'ere# mor"ii nu le in$lu&e"i ,rintre +iito#rele su$$ese #le $i+ili#"iei DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
139
6OLII:IA=LC 4# &# se-n"ele'e... într-o o#re$#re msur. S-#u $ut &e# multe în $e ,ri+e%te $on&i"iile s#nit#re s#nit#re i'ien# #ntise,si#... #ntise,si#... or'#noter#,i#... or'#noter#,i#... DL C îns #$este in&uit#ile su$$ese în &ire$"i# ,oiti+ nu sunt $ontr##l#ns#te ,rin tot #t*t &e in&uit#ilul ,ro'res #l enomenelor &e'ener#ti+e &e neuro,#tolo'ie %i ,sio,#tie $#re înso"es$ &e+olt#re# $i+ili#"iei 6OLII:IA=LC St#"i ,u"in &#r $e #l#n" ,o#te $*ntri #%# $e+# DL C în ori$e $# e in&is$ut#il #,tul $ în $on&i"iile în $#re $re%te ,lusul $re%te %i minusul i#r reult#tul e $e+# #,ro,i#t &e ero. Ast# în $e ,ri+e%te olile. I#r reeritor l# mo#rte se ,#re $ ni$i n-# ost ni$i$*n& #lt$e+# &e$*t un ero în ,ro'resul $i+ili#"iei. 6OLII:IA=LC D#r $re&e"i $ ,ro'resul $i+ili#"iei #re #%# ni%te s#r$ini $um #r i &istru'ere# mor"ii DL C >tiu $ nu le #re %i to$m#i &e #$ee# nu ,o#te i ni$i el însu%i un&e+# o#rte sus. :$i l# urm# urmei &#$ eu %tiu $u ,re$iie $ #t*t eu însumi $*t %i tot $e-mi este &r#' treuie s &is,rem ,entru tot&e#un# nu îmi este totun# &#$ un&e+# nu im,ort un&e &i+erse ,o,o#re se #t între ele ori tries$ în un ,#$e &#$ sunt $i+ili#te ori #r#re &#$ sunt ,oliti$o#se s#u nu 6OLII:IA=LC D# &in ,un$t &e +e&ere ,erson#l e'oist si'ur $ e totun#. DL C :um #%# „e'oist S$u#"i K &in ori$e ,un$t &e +e&ere. Mo#rte# ni+ele# totul %i-n #"# ei %i e'oismul %i #ltruismul sunt l# el el &e li,site &e sens. 6OLII:IA=LC 4ine ie %i #%# îns li,s# &e sens # e'oismului nu ne îm,ie&i$ s im e'oi%ti %i tot #%# #ltruismul #t*t# $*t e el ,osiil &e #,t se +# &es$ur$# %i r #e r#"ion#le i#r $u'etrile &es,re mo#rte nu #u ni$i un #meste$ în to#t tre## #st#. /u %tiuC $o,iii %i ne,o"ii mei +or muri #st# îns nu m îm,ie&i$ s m în'ries$ &e unst#re# lor $# %i $um #$e#st# #r i +e%ni$. Mun$es$ ,entru ei în ,rimul r*n& ,entru $ îi iues$ %i ,entru $ 1E0 VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
sunt mul"umit s le &e&i$ +i#"# me#. ?ses$ $ #st# #re sens. Cest simple cotnme bonour.m DOAMAC D# ,*n #$um to#te une &#r %i #i$i r#te '*n&ul &es,re mo#rte. D#$ #su,r# $o,iilor %i ne,o"ilor se +or ##te tot elul &e nenoro$iri :e mul"umire %i $e sens m#i #+em #tun$i / $# %i $um #i $ule'e lori &e #, într-un sm*r$C le #,u$i %i te s$uuni. DL C >i ,e &e#su,r# ,utem %i treuie s ne în'riim &e $o,ii %i ne,o"i ori$um r r s
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&#$ #$e#st ,rolem se reol+ în inst#n"# su,rem ,rin mo#rte &#$ reult#tul ultim #l ,ro'resului %i $i+ili#"iei $i+ili#"iei &omniei +o#stre este este totu%i mo#rte# ie$rui# ie$rui# %i # tuturor tuturor #tun$i este $l#r $ ori$e #$ti+it#te $i+ili#to#re n-#re ni$i un rost $ este li,sit &e "el %i &e sens. =;ici vorbitorul se opri deodat$, şi interlocutorii s$i, auzind portiţa, îşi întoarser$ privirile într-acolo. C:teva clipe toţi r$maser$ nemişcaţi de uimire. în "r$din$ intrase şi se apropia cu paşi şov$itori de cei ce discutau el, prinţul.<
DOAMAC AT >i noi ni$i n-#m în$e,ut s +orim &es,re #nti$rist. 6RI=LC u #$e nimi$. M-#m r'*n&it %i $re& $ m-#m ,ri,it e!,rim*n&u-mi sentimentele ur*te #" &e 're%elile #,ro,i#"ilor mei r s #s$ult #r'umentele #$estor#. #$estor#. DOAMA Ope un ton triumf$tor c$tre "enerali eu $#re-#m $reut mereu $ $iu,er$ile $res$ ,entru ,l$ere# $elor $ror# le ,l#$ $iu,er$ile $u sm*nt*n ori ,l$int# $u $iu,er$i. I#r &#$ îm,r"i# &umne#+o#str Dumneei#s$ ,e ,m*nt l#s mo#rte# ne#tins #tun$i reiese $ o#menii +r*n&-ne-+r*n& tries$ %i +or tri în #$e#st îm,r"ie $i#r $# ni%te $iu,er$i &#r nu $# $iu,er$ile +esele ns$o$ite &e &omni# +o#str $i într-#&e+r într-#&e+r $# $iu,er$ile $e sunt ,rite în ti'#ie. :$i :$i ,entru o#menii &in îm,r"i# îm,r"i# lui Dumneeu Dumneeu ,e ,m*nt to#t ##$ere# se +# termin# ,rin #,tul $-i +# &e+or# mo#rte#.
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&omni# +o#str ,rin"e +-#"i e!,rim#t ,rere# Ori este $om,us $i#r &e &omni# +o#str 6RI=LC :um $om,us /ste &in /+#n'elieT DL C O nu $e s,une"i u se #l în ni$i un# &intre /+#n'elii o #semene# ,il&. DOAMAC 6entru DumneeuT :e-1 tot #me"i"i ,e ,rin" :um s nu ie ,il&# &es,re lu$rtorii +iei în /+#n'elie DL C /ste $e+# #,#rent #semntor #semntor $# istorisire îns $u reerire l# $u totul #lt$e+# în $e ,ri+e%te $on"inutul $on"inutul %i în"elesul in&i$#te in&i$#te &e #ltminteri $i#r #$olo. #$olo. DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
1E5
DOAMAC :e s,une"i Aun'eT Mie mi se ,#re $ e e!#$t #$ee#%i ,il&. >i #m im,resi# $ + $#m #mu#"i ,e se#m# no#str. u + $re& ,e $u+*nt. 9estament micuţ micuţ şi începu DL C i$i nu-i ne+oie #m $rti$i$# în uun#r =aici el scoase un *ou 9estament s$-l r$sfoiasc$i &e'e## s,une"i $ Iisus I isus nu # rs,uns. A rs,uns rs,uns o#rte ,re$is %i $i#r $i#r &e &ou oriC # in&i$#t in&i$#t un #semene# #semene# m#rtor #l ,uterilor S#le ,e $#re nu #u #+ut #+ut $ur#ul s-1 $onteste $ei $e îl între#ser i#r #,oi # &emonstr#t $ #$ei# nu #u #&e+r#t# ,utere %i ni$i &re,turi &re,turi #su,r# Lui întru$*t întru$*t #$"ione# îm,in%i &e ri$# în #"# ,o,orului ,o,orului #liniin&u-se ,rerilor 'lo#tei &in te#m ,entru ,ro,ri# lor +i#". îns #&e+r#t# ,utere nu este $e# $#re mer'e în urm# $elorl#l"i $i #$ee# $#re îi ,o#rt ,e $eil#l"i &u, sine. em*n&u-se em*n&u-se &e ,o,or %i #s$ult*n&u-1 #s$ult*n&u-1 #$ei o#meni o#meni #u #rt#t $ #&e+r#t# #&e+r#t# ,utere s-# &e,rt#t &e,rt#t &e ei %i #,#r"ine #,#r"ine ,o,orului. A$estui# A$estui# i se #&rese# #&rese# #$um :ristos ,entru ,entru $# în #"# #$estui# #$estui# s îi #$ue #$ue &e #,tul $ I se o,un. în #$e#st #$u#re # ne&emnilor $on&u$tori #i n#"iei e+reimii &e #,tul $ se o,un lui Mesi# rei& între'ul $on"inut #l ,il&ei e+#n'eli$e &es,re lu$rtorii +iei &u, $um +e"i +e&e# ime&i#t =citeştei tot #%# îm,reun $u în+"torii &omniei +o#stre #"i +rut s #l$tui"i Lesprit de l!van"ile l!van"ileBF@. 6$#t &o#r $ nimeni &intre #i +o%tri n-# $ut o $rti$i$ mi$ se,#r#t ,e $#re s-o nume#s$ $i#r #%#C >'piritul creştinismului creştinismului $onorm în+"turii res,e$ti+ilor. reuie reuie s #+e"i $e+# &e 'enul $#teismului ,entru $# noi o#menii &e r*n& s nu ,ier&em irul în to#te #$este +#ri#"iuni. 4# #uim $ esen"# $onst în ,re&i$# &e ,e munte # ni se s,une $ m#i ,resus &e to#te treuie s lu$rm ,m*ntul $u su&o#re# run"ii $u to#te $ #%# $e+# nu 'sim în /+#n'elie $i în $#rte# ?eneei tot #$olo un&e se #l %i #$ere# în $inuri îns #st# nu e o ,orun$ $i num#i o so#rt trist # ni se s,une $ treuie s îm,r"im tot $e #+em srm#nilor # s nu &m nimnui nimi$ $$i #nii sunt un ru %i nu e ine s #$i un ru #ltor# $i num#i ,ro,riei ,erso#ne %i ,ro,riei ,ro,riei #milii i#r ,entru #l"ii treuie &o#r &o#r s tru&e%ti # ni se se s,une i#r%i i#r%i s nu #$em nimi$ %i &o#r s $u'etm ni se m#i s,uneC $em#re# emeii e s &e# n#%tere l# $*t m#i mul"i $o,ii snto%i %i ime&i#t &u, #$ee# $ ni$i +or &e #%# $e+# #,oiC ,rim# tre#,t e s nu mn*n$i $#rne &#r &e $e e ,rim# nu %tie nimeni ,e urm +in l# r*n& tutunul %i +ot$# #,oi linelele #,oi ser+i$iul ser+i$iul milit#r $um $ #$est# e ne$#ul $el m#i m#i m#re %i $ &#tori# $e# $e# m#i &e se#m # $re%tinului e s reue s-1 #$ i#r $ei $e nu sunt lu#"i l# o#ste reiese $ sunt sin"i. 150 VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
6o#te $ s,un ni%te #iureli &#r nu e +in# me#C nu-i $u ,utin" s &#i &e $#,t tuturor #$estor lu$ruri. 6RI=LC >i eu $re& $ #+em ne+oie &e un reum#t lim,e&e #l #&e+r#tei în+"turi se ,#re $ e în $urs &e el#or#re. DOAMAC îns ,*n $e +# i i #l$tuit s,une"i-ne #$um# în &ou $u+inte în $e $onst &u,
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#$estui# el ne#+*n& o or" ,ro,rie. De$i &e #,t rul ni$i nu e!ist el #,r*n& &o#r $# urm#re # o,iniei 're%ite $um $ rul $i#r e!ist %i # #,tului $ în$e,em s #$"ionm $onorm #$estei su,oi"ii. u-i #%# 6RI=LC Si'ur $ #%# e. DL C D#r &#$ rul nu e!ist în re#lit#te $um e!,li$#"i e%e$ul uluitor #l $elor s+*r%ite &e :ristos în istorie :$i &in ,un$tul &umne#+o#str &umne#+o#str &e +e&ere #,t# lui n-# reu%it &eo#re$e în in#l n-# ie%it nimi$ &in e# #&i$ în ori$e $# # ie%it mult m#i mult ru &e$*t ine. u DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
151 6RI=LC 4# &#.
DL C I#r #&e+r#tul ine $onst în # nu te îm,otri+i ,rin or" rului #&i$ unui #ls ru întru$*t #&e+r#tul ru nu e!ist. 6RI=LC A%# este. DL C :ristos nu num#i $ # ,ro,o+&uit &#r # îm,linit el însu%i ,*n l# $#,t $erin"ele #$estui ine su,un*n-&u-se r # se îm,otri+i unui $inuitor su,li$iu. Du, &umne#+o#str :ristos # murit %i nu # în+i#t. Minun#t. Du, e!em,lul Su multe mii &e #&e,"i #i Lui #u suerit #$el#%i lu$ru. Minun#t. >i $e-# ie%it &u, ,rere# &omniei +o#stre &in to#te #$este# N 6RI=LC Dumne#+o#str $e #"i +re# :# #$estor mu$eni$i s le #%ee în'erii ,e $#, $ununi s$li,ito#re %i s-i #%ee ,e un&e+# ,e su $oro#nele ,omilor &in 'r&in# r#iului &re,t rs,l#t ,entru #,tele lor &e eroism DL C u &e $e +ori"i #%# Si'ur $ %i eu K %i s,er $ %i &omni# +o#str K #m &ori ,entru #,ro,i#"ii no%tri #t*t +ii $*t %i mor"i $ele m#i une %i m#i ,l$ute lu$ruri îns #i$i nu este +or# &es,re &orin"ele &omniei +o#stre $i &e $ee# $e &u, o,ini# &umne#+o#str # ie%it în re#lit#te &in ,ro,o+&uire# %i #,tele lui :ristos %i #le &is$i,olilor #$estui#. 6RI=LC 6entru $ine s i#s 6entru ei DL C /i se %tie $e-# ie%it ,entru ei K mo#rte# în $inuri îns &#torit eroismului lor mor#l ei i s-#u su,us &e un +oie %i nu ,entru $# s ,rime#s$ nimuri strlu$ito#re $i ,entru # #$e un ine #&e+r#t $elorl#l"i între'ii omeniri. A%# $ + întreC $e ine # oerit $elorl#l"i o#meni omenirii #,t# &e mu$eni$ # #$estor o#meni :um 'lsuie%te o $u'et#re &in +e$imeC s*n'ele mu$eni$ilor # ost sm*n"# 4iseri$ii. /ste #&e+r#t îns &u, ,rere# &omniei +o#stre 4iseri$# # re,reent#t &eorm#re# %i mo#rte# #&e+r#tului $re%tinism #%# în$*t #$est# # ost $om,let uit#t &e omenire %i ,este o,ts,ree$e +e#$uri s-# &o+e&it ne$es#r s se re#$ totul &#r r 15B VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
+reo '#r#n"ie # unui reult#t m#i un #&i$ r ni$i o s,er#n" 6RI=LC De $e r ni$i o s,er#n" DL C 6entru $ nu ne'#"i $ :ristos %i ,rimele 'ener#"ii &e $re%tini #u ,us tot suletul în
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se ,e tr*mul re#lit"ii e+i&ente $urente %i re$unos$*n& ,rin urm#re ,re,on&eren"# e+i&ent # rului #su,r# inelui reu%es$ toto&#t s #irme $ rul nu e!ist %i $ ,rin urm#re nu treuie s lu,tm îm,otri+# lui K to#te #$este# nu le ,ot ,ri$e,e eu $u minte# me# %i #%te,t #utor &in ,#rte# ,rin"ului. 6OLII:IA=LC M#i înt*i #rt#"i-ne &umne#+o#str ,ro,ri# $#le &e ie%ire &in #$e#st &ii$ult#te. DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
153
DL C Mie mi se ,#re sim,l. Rul e!ist $u #&e+r#t %i nu se m#niest num#i ,rin #sen"# inelui $i ,rin îm,otri+ire# ,oiti+ %i ,re,on&eren"# ,re,on&eren"# însu%irilor inerio#re #su,r# #su,r# $elor su,erio#re în to#te serele e!isten"ei. /!ist rul in&i+i&u#l K #$est# se m#niest ,rin #,tul #,tul $ l#tur# inerio#r # omului instin$tele s#le #nim#li$e ori ero$e se o,un $elor m#i une nuin"e #le suletului %i le înr*n' în m#re# m#orit#te # $#urilor. /!ist /!ist rul so$i#l K #$est# $onst în #,tul $ 'lo#t# omene#s$ su,us in&i+i&u#l in&i+i&u#l rului se o,une eorturilor s#l+#to#re #le ,u"inilor o#meni m#i uni %i îi iruie în s*r%it e!ist rul ii$ &in om K #$est# $onst în #,tul $ elementele m#teri#le inerio#re #le $or,ului su se o,un or"ei +ii %i lumino#se $#re le une%te în orm# minun#t # or'#nismului se o,un %i &es$om,un #$e#st orm &istru'*n& su,ortul re#l # tot $ee# $e este înl"tor. A$est# A$est# este rul eHtrem, numit mo#rte. >i &#$ +i$tori# #$estui ru ii$ e!trem #r treui s ie re$unos$ut &re,t &einiti+ %i ire+o$#il #tun$i ni$i un el &e #,#rente +i$torii #le inelui în on# in&i+i&u#l mor#l %i în $e# so$i#l nu #r ,ute# i $onsi&er#te su$$ese serio#se. serio#se. S ne în$i,uim &e$i $ un om #l inelui So$r#te s i$em # trium#t nu num#i #su,r# &u%m#nilor si interni K ,#siunile osni$e $i $ # reu%it si în&re,te %i ,e &u%m#nii si so$i#li $ # reu%it s tr#nsorme politiaBFi elin. :#re m#i e olosul &e ,e urm# #$estei eemere %i su,eri$i#le +i$torii # inelui #su,r# rului &#$ #$est# &in urm trium &einiti+ în $el m#i ,roun& str#t #l e!isten"ei în lu,t# $u înse%i un&#mentele +ie"ii :$i %i $el $e s$im în ine %i $el $e este s$im#t #u #$el#%i s*r%itC mo#rte#. :e lo'i$ ne-#r ,ute# ,ermite s &m o în#lt #,re$iere +i$toriilor mor#le #le inelui lui So$r#te #su,r# mi$roilor mor#li #i ,#siunilor osni$e &in ,ie,tul su %i #su,r# mi$roilor so$i#li #i ,ie"elor #teniene #teniene &#$ #&e+r#"ii #&e+r#"ii în+in'tori s-#u &o+e&it &o+e&it # i ni%te mi$roi %i m#i m#i ri $ei m#i &e os $ei m#i în'roi15E VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
tori K $ei #i &es$om,unerii ii$e Ai$i ni$i un el &e $om,oi"ii mor#le nu te m#i ,ot #,r# &e ,esimismul $el m#i ne'ru %i &e &is,er#re. 6OLII:IA=LC Ast# Ast# #m m#i #uit. D#r &umne#+o#str ,e $e + s,riini"i $*n& + îm,otri+i"i &is,errii DL C =nul sin'ur ne e s,riinul #&e+r#t# în+iere. >tim $ lu,t# inelui $u rul nu se ,o#rt num#i în sulet %i în so$iet#te $i l# un ni+el m#i ,roun& în lume# ii$. >i #i$i $uno#%tem
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ri&i$#"i #$est #,t l# r#n' &e le'e in$ontest#il &e l# $#re &u, ,rere# &umne#+o#str nu e!ist ni$i o e!$e,"ie. I#r #$e# lume în $#re mo#rte# #re ,entru tot&e#un# or"# unei le'i in$ontest#ile $um #ltel #r ,ute# i numit &#$ nu „îm,r"i# mor"ii >i $e #lt$e+# este îm,r"i# lui Dumneeu ,e ,m*nt ,enDIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
155
tru &umne#+o#str &#$ nu un #ritr#r %i #&#rni$ euemism ,entru „îm,r"i# mor"ii 6OLII:IA=LC >i eu $re& $-i #&#rni$ ,entru $ nu este ,osiil înlo$uire# unei +#lori $unos$ute $u un# ne$unos$ut. ne$unos$ut. 6e Dumneeu nu L-# +ut nimeni %i $e ,o#te i îm,r"i# lui Dumneeu nu %tie nimeni. 6e $*n& mo#rte# o#menilor %i # #nim#lelor #m +ut-o $u to"ii %i %tim $ nimeni nu ,o#te u'i &e e# $# &e su,rem# or" în lume. >i #tun$i &e $e s ,unem în lo$ul #$estui a nu %tiu $e HG 6rin #st# nu ,o"i 'ener# nimi$ în ##r &e neîn"ele'eri %i &e is,itire# celor mici. 6RI=LC u în"ele' &es,re $e este +or# Si'ur $ mo#rte# este un enomen o#rte interes#nt si'ur $ ,o#te i numit „le'e e# iin& un enomen ,erm#nent ,rintre $re#turile &e ,e ,m*nt ine+it#il ine+it#il ,entru ie$#re &intre &intre #$este# se ,o#te ,o#te +ori %i &e $#r#$terul $#r#$terul in$ontest#il in$ontest#il #l #$estei „le'i întru$*t ,*n în ,reent nu s-# $onst#t#t $u +eri&i$it#te ni$i o e!$e,"ie K &#r $e im,ort#n" esen"i#l +it#l ,ot #+e# to#te #$este# ,entru #&e+r#t# în+"tur $re%tin $#re ,rin $on%tiin"# no#str no#str ne +ore%te &es,re &es,re un sin'ur sin'ur lu$ruC &es,re $e treuie treuie %i $e nu treuie treuie s #$em #i$i %i #$um >i este $l#r $ +o$e# r#"iunii se ,o#te reeri num#i l# $ee# $e st în ,utin"# no#str s #$em ori s nu #$em. De #$ee# nu num#i $ nu ne s,une nimi$ &es,re mo#rte &#r ni$i nu ,o#te +ori &es,re e#. :u to#t însemnt#te# s# uri#% ,entru sentimentele %i &orin"ele no#stre omene%ti lume%ti mo#rte# nu &e,in&e &e +oin"# no#str %i &e #$ee# nu ,o#te #+e# ni$i un el &e 'reut#te mor#l ,entru noi. în #$e#st ,ri+in" K $#re &e #ltel este sin'ur# $u #&e+r#t im,ort#nt K mo#rte# este un #,t l# el &e li,sit &e im,ort#n" ,entru noi $um #r i &e ,il& +reme# re#. >i &#$ re$unos$ e!isten"# ine+it#il %i ,erio&i$ # +remii rele %i &#$ sur m#i mult s#u m#i ,u"in &in ,ri$in# #$estei# înse#mn înse#mn o#re 15J VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
$ în lo$ &e îm,r"i# lui Dumneeu treuie s s,un „îm,r"i# +remii rele DL C u nu treuie s-o #$e"i în ,rimul r*n& ,entru $ +reme# re# &omne%te num#i l# 6etersur' i#r noi to"i #m +enit #i$i l# M#re# Me&iter#n %i r*&em &e ,utere# ei i#r în #l &oile# r*n& $om,#r#"i# &omniei +o#stre nu se ,otri+e%te ,entru $ #tun$i $*n& e +reme re# îl ,utem lu&# ,e Domnul %i ne ,utem ,utem sim"i în îm,r"i# Lui ,e $*n& mor"ii $um s$rie s$rie în S$ri,tur nu-1 l#u& ,e Domnul moti+ ,entru $#re K &u, $um # rem#r$#t %i /!$elen"# s# K #r i m#i $u+iin$ios s numim #$e#st lume trist „îm,r"i# mor"ii &e$*t „îm,r"i# lui Dumneeu. DOAMAC :e tot +ori"i num#i &es,re nume K e ,li$ti$osT 6#r$ ,rolem# se reum l#
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#lt limit in$ontest#il # $on%tiin"ei. De mult +reme mor#li%tii $om,#r 'l#sul $on%tiin"ei $u #$el 'eniu ori &emon $#re-1 înso"e# ,e So$r#te #,r*n&u-1 &e #$te $e nu treui#u $ute îns DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
15
nu-i in&i$# în mo& ,oiti+ $e treuie s #$. Se ,o#te s,une e!#$t #$el#%i lu$ru &es,re $on%tiin". 6RI=LC :um #%# O#re $on%tiin"# nu-mi su'ere# &e ,il& s-mi #ut #,ro#,ele în #numite $#uri $*n& #re ne+oie &e #utor ori se #l în ,eri$ol DLC / o#rte ,l$ut s #u& #$est lu$ru &e l# &umne#+o#str îns &#$ +e"i #n#li# ini%or #semene# situ#"ii +e"i +e&e# $ rolul $on%tiin"ei se &o+e&e%te ,*n %i #i$i # i ,ur ne'#ti+C e# + $ere &o#r s nu rm*ne"i in#$ti+ ori in&ierent în #"# ne$#ului #,ro#,elui #,ro#,elui îns $e %i $um #nume treuie s #$e"i ,entru #$est# $on%tiin"# e# în sine nu + ,o#te s,une. 6RI=LC D# ,entru $ #st# &e,in&e &e îm,reurri &e situ#"i# me# %i # res,e$ti+ului #,ro#,e #l meu ,e $#re treuie s-1 #ut. DL C Se în"ele'e. I#r #,re$iere# %i în"ele'ere# #$estor îm,reurri nu "ine &e $on%tiin" $i &e r#"iune. 6RI=LC D#r ,o#te i o#re se,#r#t r#"iune# &e $on%tiin" DLC i$i nu treuie se,#r#te. reuie reuie îns &ieren"i#te to$m#i ,entru $ în re#lit#te uneori #re lo$ nu num#i o se,#r#"ie $i %i o o,oi"ie între r#"iune %i $on%tiin". D#$ #$este# #r i unul %i #$el#%i lu$ru #tun$i $um #r ,ute# r#"iune# s ser+e#s$ unor #,te nu num#i strine mor#lit"ii $i $i#r imor#le >i totu%i se m#i înt*m,l. :$i %i #utorul ,o#te i #$or&#t în mo& inteli'ent îns $u $on%tiin"# nu to$m#i lim,e&e. De ,il& &#$ eu îi &#u unui ne+oi#% s mn*n$e %i s e# %i-i #si'ur tot elul &e #lte ine#$eri $# s #$ &in el un #utor ne$es#r mie ,entru s+*r%ire# s+*r%ire# $ine %tie $rei $rei ti$lo%ii ori #ltei #,te rele. 6RI=LC D# &# e element#r. >i totu%i $e $on$luie tr#'e"i &e #i$i DL C : &#$ 'l#sul $on%tiin"ei $u to#t im,ort#n"# s# $# 'l#s &e #+ertisment %i &o#n# nu & in&i$#"ii ,oiti+e %i ,r#$ti$e ,entru #$ti+it#te# no#str i#r un# no#s158
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#$e#st# &u, ,rere# &umne#+o#str &umne#+o#str ni$i nu e ne$es#r. D#$ inele se e,uie# ,e sine ,rin îm,linire# unei „re'uli „re'uli un&e m#i rm*ne rm*ne lo$ ,entru ins,ir#"ie ins,ir#"ie „Re'ul# este &#t &#t o &#t DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
159
,entru tot&e#un# tot&e#un# e &einit %i e #$ee#%i #$ee#%i ,entru to#t lume#. :el $#re # &#t &#t #$e#st re'ul re'ul # murit &emult %i &u, &umne#+o#str nu # în+i#t &e$i nu #re ,entru noi o e!isten" +ie ,erson#l i#r inele inele in$ontest#il in$ontest#il ini"i#l nu re,reint ,entru &umne#+o#str &umne#+o#str un ,rinte #l luminii %i #l s,iritului $#re #r ,ute# s + insule &ire$t lumin %i s,irit $i re,reint r e,reint un st,*n $iuit $#re +-# trimis $# ,e ni%te lu$rtori l# mun$ în +i# lui în #$est tim, el lo$uin& un&e+# în strint#te %i trimi"*n&u-%i &e #$olo emis#ri $#re s-i #&u$ #$#s $*%ti'urile. 6RI=LC :# %i $um noi #m i $ei $#re #m $om,us #ritr#r #$e#st met#orT DL C u îns +e&e"i în mo& #ritr#r în e# norm# su,rem # rel#"iilor &intre om %i Di+init#te &*n& &eo,#rte în mo& #ritr#r &in te!tul e+#n'eli$ îns%i esen"# #$estui# K ,reen"# 7iului %i # =rm#%ului în $#re se #l #&e+r#t# norm # le'turii &intre Dumneeu %i om. St,*nul oli'#"iile #" &e st,*n +oi# st,*nului. îns i#t $e-#m s + s,unC #t*t# tim, $*t #$est st,*n nu #$e &e$*t s st#ile#s$ $e oli'#"ii #+e"i %i s + $e#r îm,linire# +oin"ei lui nu +& $um mi-#"i ,ute# &emonstr# $ el este #&e+r#tul st,*n %i nu un im,ostor. 6RI=LC /i ine #st#-mi ,l#$eT 6i &#$ %i $on%tiin"# %i r#"iune# îmi s,un $ &orin"ele st,*nului sunt &o#r e!,resi# $elui m#i $ur#t ineT DL C 6#r&on nu +ore#m &es,re #st#. u $ontest #,tul $ st,*nul + $ere s #$e"i ine reult îns o#re &in #st# $ el însu%i este un 6RI=LC :um s nuT DL C :iu&#tT /u #m $reut întot&e#un# $ un# $#lit#te # $ui+# ori$ine #r i #$el $ine+# se &emonstre# &emonstre# nu ,rin $ee# $e #$el $ine+# le $ere #ltor# s #$ #$ $i ,rin $ee# $e #$e el însu%i. D#$ nu e lim,e&e ,entru &umne#+o#str &umne#+o#str în mo& lo'i$ i#t un e!em,lu istori$ $on$ret. #rul mos$o+it I+#n #l IV-le# IV-le# îi $ere într-o ine $unos$ut seri1J0 VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
so#re # s# ,rin"ului An&rei Purs2i1B5 s &e# &o+#& &e su,rem# unt#te &e $el m#i în#lt
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DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
1J1
6RI=LC V #si'ur $ nu sunt i'nit i'nit &elo$. Ai$i s-# ,us o ,rolem 'ener#l %i &estul &e interes#nt %i m mir $ interlo$utorul meu î%i im#'ine# se ,#re $ #$e#st ,rolem se ,o#te reeri num#i num#i l# mine nu %i l# &omni# &omni# s#. îmi $ere"i s in&i$ in&i$ #,tele une #le st,*nului meu #,te $#re s #r#te $ el este ,rin$i,iul inelui %i nu #l rului. Ins &umne#+o#str în%i+ $e #stel &e #,t un îmi ,ute"i #rt# #,t ,e $#re eu s nu o ,ot #triui %i st,*nului meu ?//RAL=LC Do#r # ost in&i$#t o #,t $#re sus"ine tot restul. 6RI=LC :#re #nume DL C A&e+r#t# A&e+r#t# +i$torie #su,r# rului întru$i,#t în #&e+r#t# în+iere. um#i ,rin #st# re,et se #r#t %i #&e+r#t# îm,r"ie # lui Dumneeu i#r r #st# nu e!ist &e$*t îm,r"i# mor"ii # ,$#tului %i # $re#torului #$estor# # &i#+olului. în+iere# K îns nu l# i'ur#t $i în #&e+r#tul sens #l $u+*ntului K i#t &o$umentul Dumneeului $elui #&e+r#t. 6RI=LC D# &#$ &ori"i s $re&e"i într-o #semene# mitolo'ieT /u + $ere#m #,te $#re ,ot i &emonstr#te nu $re&in"e &e-#le &umne#+o#str. DL C =%urel u%urel ,rin"eT Am*n&oi ,ornim &e l# #$ee#%i $re&in" s#u &#$ +re"i mitolo'ie num#i $ eu o &u$ $u $onse$+en" ,*n l# $#,t ,e $*n& &umne#+o#str în $iu&# lo'i$ii + o,ri"i în mo& #ritr#r l# în$e,utul &rumului. : &o#r re$uno#%te"i or"# inelui %i triumul lui +iitor ,e ,m*nt nu 6RI=LC O re$unos$. DL C >i #st# $e eC #,t ori $re&in" 6RI=LC :re&in" raţional$. DL C S +e&em. Du, $um #m în+"#t l# semin#r r#"iune# $ere ,rintre #ltele s nu #&mitem nimi$ r o un&#ment#re un&#ment#re sui$ient. S,une"i-mi + ro' ,e $e # sui$ient în $on&i"iile în $#re re$uno#%te"i or"# inelui 1JB VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
în în&re,t#re# mor#l %i în &es+*r%ire# omului %i # omenirii re$uno#%te"i inele $# iin& ne,utin$ios în #"# mor"ii
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1J3
&umne#+o#str &umne#+o#str #$ee#%i un+oin" ,e $#re mi-o trees$ mul"i #tei %i ne$re&in$io%i în+eter#"i. 6OLII:IA=LC /i ine întru$*t ne-#m lmurit $u ini-%orul $ ni$i #$e%ti #tei %i ne$re&in$io%i ne$re&in$io%i ni$i #$e%ti „#&e+r#"i $re%tini $um #r i &e ,il& ,rin"ul nu sunt #nti$ri%ti $re& $ # sosit tim,ul s ne s,une"i $um #r#t Anti$ristul. Anti$ristul. DL C O i#t $e +re"iT D#r + mul"ume%te o#re +reun# &in numero#sele în"i%ri #le lui :ristos $ute uneori &e ,i$tori 'eni#li /u nu $unos$ ni$i o re&#re s#tis$to#re. 4nuies$ $ ni$i nu ,o#te s e!iste +reun# ,entru $ :ristos este o întru$i,#re in&i+i&u#l uni$ în elul su %i $#re ,rin urm#re nu se#mn $u nimi$ #lt$e+# o întru$i,#re # esen"ei s#le K # inelui. >i nu este este sui$ient 'eniul #rtisti$ ,entru ,entru # re&# #%# $e+#. îns #$el#%i #$el#%i lu$ru ,o#te i s,us %i &es,re Anti$ristC el este o întru$i,#re tot #t*t &e in&i+i&u#l &e uni$ ,rin &es+*r%ire# %i &e,lint#te# &e,lint#te# s# # rului. 6ortretul su nu ,o#te i #rt#t. In liter#tur# iseri$e#s$ îi 'sim &o#r un soi soi &e #$te &e i&entit#te i&entit#te $u ni%te semn#lmente semn#lmente 'ener#le %i ,#rti$ul#re... DOAMAC u-i ne+oie &e ,ortretul lui ere#s$ DumneeuT /!,li$#"i-ne m#i ine &e $e e ne+oie &e el &u, ,rere# &omniei +o#stre $#re-i esen"# #,telor lui %i &#$ +# +eni $ur*n&. DLC /i ine + ,ot rs,un&e m#i ine &e$*t #"i $re&e. :u ni%te #ni în urm un $ole' &e-#l meu &e l# #$#&emie $#re m#i #,oi s-# $lu'rit mi-# în$re&in"#t iin& ,e ,#tul &e mo#rte un m#nus$ris &e-#l su l# $#re "ine# o#rte mult &#r ,e $#re ori nu # +rut ori n-# ,utut s-1 ti,re#s$. Se nume%te 'curt$ povestire despre ;ntichrist. De%i #re orm &e ,lsmuire liter#r &e$i re,reint un t#lou istori$ în$i,uit m#i &in +reme eu $re& $ #$e#st $om,oi"ie oer tot $e ,o#te i s,us $u $u m#i m#re ,ro#ilit#te ,ro#ilit#te ,e #$e#st tem tem $onorm Sintei S$ri,turi tr#&i"iei tr#&i"iei iseri$e%ti %i unului-sim". unului-sim". 6OLII:IA=LC -o i o,er# $uno%tin"ei no#stre 4#r-sonoteu DL C u #$est# #+e# un nume %i m#i #lesC 6#nsoie. 1JE VLADIMIR SOLOVIOV
6OLII:IA=LC 6#n Soie /r# ,olone DL C i$i +or. 7iu &e ,o, rus. D#$-mi ,ermite"i s m &u$ într-o $li,it ,*n l# mine în
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lume# lui Dumneeu. ot un semn #l #nti$ristuluiT DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
1J5
DOAMA =ar$t:nd spre dl ce tocmai cobora treptele teraseii $u s,ume l# 'ur iese în s#lturi s,#smo&i$e s,#smo&i$e &in $#s &in 'r&in %i #le#r' ,e o $r#re s,#t în st*n$ în no#,te# #&*n$ %i ne#'r... 7uri# i se stinse %i-i lu lo$ul o &is,er#re 're# $# st*n$ile #$este# sumr $# no#,te# #$e#st#. Se o,ri ,e u# ,r,#stiei ,r,#stiei %i #s$ult &e,#rte &e,#rte în +#le +uietul +uietul tulure #l torentului u'in& ,este ,ietre. A+e# A+ e# inim# str*ns &e o &is,er#re &e nesu,ort#t. Deo&#t sim"i o tresrire. „S-L $em s-L între $e s #$ >i în întuneri$ i se #rt un $i, l*n& %i m*nit „îi este mil &e mine... u ni$io&#tT u #-n+i#t nu #-n+i#tT K >i se #run$ în ,r,#stie. D#r $e+# ml&ios $# o $olo#n &e #, îl men"inu în #er sim"i o 'u&uitur $# l# un %o$ ele$tri$ %i o or" or" îl îm,inse în&rt. 6entru o $li, î%i ,ier&u $uno%tin"# %i $*n& se trei stte# în 'enun$i l# $*"i+# ,#%i &e m#r'ine# ,r,#stiei. ,r,#stiei. în #"# lui se $ontur# o siluet $#re s$li,e# în iriri $e"o#se %i osores$ente. >i &in e# îl sre&ele#u ,*n în sulet $u strlu$ire tio#s %i ,re# 'reu &e su,ort#t &oi o$i. /l +e&e #$e%ti &oi o$i ,truntori %i #u&e ori în sine# s# ori &in ##r o +o$e str#nie înun&#t #,s#t ,#r$ &e $e+# %i toto&#t &eslu%it met#li$ %i #solut in&ierent $# &in ono'r#. >i +o$e# #$e#st# îi s,uneC „7iul meu iuit #i to#t un+oin"# me#. De $e nu m-#i $em#t ,e mine De $e L-#i +ener#t ,e :ell#lt ,e :el ru DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
15
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m#i ,roun& în"ele'ere # tot $ee# $e este misti$ un in&is$ut#il in&i+i&u#lism $u &e+ot#mentul ierinte #" &e inele $omun $el m#i în#lt i&e#lism #l ,rin$i,iilor &omin#nte $u &etermin#re# &e,lin %i +i#ilit#te# solu"iilor ,r#$ti$e. >i to#te #$este# +or i îmin#te %i le'#te între ele $u #%# o miestrie 'eni#l în$*t ori$rui '*n&itor s#u ,r#$ti$i#n unil#ter#l îi +# i lesne s +#& %i s #$$e,te între'ul num#i &in ,un$tul su ,ro,riu ,#rti$ul#r &e +e&ere r s s#$rii$e nimi$ ,entru adev$rul însuşi, r s se ri&i$e &eel în numele #$estui #&e+r &e#su,r# ,ro,riului eu, r s-%i rene'e în fapt ,ro,ri# unil#ter#lit#te r s-%i $ore$tee o,iniile %i nuin"ele 're%ite r s um,le $u nimi$ insui$ien"# lor. A$e#st A$e#st $#rte uimito#re +# i iute tr#&us în limile tuturor n#"iilor $i+ili#te %i într-#le unor# ne$i+ili#te. Mii &e urn#le &e ,e to#te to#te $ontinentele +or +or i ,line tot #nul &e re$l#mele re$l#mele e&itorilor %i &e e!t#ul e!t#ul $riti$ilor. /&i"ii ietine $u ,ortretul #utorului +or i &iu#te $u milio#nele &e e!em,l#re %i to#t lume# $i+ili#t K %i l# #$el moment #st# +# însemn# #,ro#,e între' 'loul ,m*ntes$ K +# i $o,le%it $o,le%it &e sl#+# $elui $elui mre" in$om,#r#il in$om,#r#il uni$T imeni nu +# #+e# #+e# oie$"ii l# #$e#st $#rte %i tuturor e# le +# ,re# re+el#re# #&e+rului #&e+r#t. Atitu&ine# #" &e tot $e #nsemn#t tre$utul +# i #t*t &e &re#,t tot $ee# $e înse#mn ,reent +# i #,re$i#t &in #t*t &e multe ,un$te &e +e&ere %i #t*t &e im,#r"i#le %i tot $ee# $e înDIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
1
se#mn un +iitor m#i un +# i #t*t &e $l#r %i e+i&ent îm,ins $tre ,reent în$*t ori$ine +# ,ute# s s,unC s,unC „I#t în s*r%it $ee# $e ne treuie treuie i#t un i&e#l $e nu e uto,ie i#t o i&ee $#re
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so#ne &ierite #+e#u #$el#%i #$el#%i moti+ s se $onsi&ere t#"ii lui. De un se#m #t#ri îm,reurri nu ,ute#u #+e# ni$i ,i$ &e im,ort#n" im,ort#n" într-un +e#$ #t*t #t*t &e în#int#t în$*t în$*t i-# ost &#t s ie $i#r $i#r $el &e ,e urm. Omul +iitorului # ost #les #,ro#,e în un#nimit#te $# ,re%e&inte ,e +i#" #l St#telor =nite /uro,ene. I#r #tun$i $*n& # #,rut l# triun în to#t s,len&o#re# su,r#omene#s$ su,r#omene#s$ # rumuse"ii or"ei %i tinere"ii s#le %i %i-# e!,us ins,ir#t %i elo$+ent ,ro'r#mul uni+ers#l #u&itoriul $#,ti+#t %i erme$#t # otr*t într-un #$$es &e entui#sm %i r su,unere l# +ot s îi #$or&e ono#re# su,rem #le'*n&u-1 îm,r#t rom#n. :on'resul s-# în$ei#t într-o #tmoser &e e!#lt#re 'ener#l %i m#rele #les # emis un m#niest $#re în$e,e# #stelC „6o,o#re #le 6m*ntuluiT Vou + &ruies$ ,#$e# me#T %ise s*r%e# $u urmto#rele $u+inte. „6o,o#re #le 6m*ntuluiT S-#u îm,linit '&uin"eleT 6#$e# +e%ni$ uni+ers#l e '#r#nt#t. Ori$e
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circenses. m îm,r#tul-su,r#om +# în"ele'e $e îi treuie 'lo#tei s#le. în #$e#st +reme +# sosi l# el l# Rom# &in /!tremul Orient un m#re m#' în+luit într-un nor &es &e le'en&e str#nii %i ,o+e%ti înri$o%#te. :onorm +onurilor $#re $ir$ul#u ,rintre neou&i%ti #r i ost &e ,ro+enien" &i+inC s-#r i tr#s &in eul sol#r Sur# %i &intr-o o#re$#re nim &e r*u. A$est m#' ,e numele su A,olloniu r în&oi#l un om &e 'eniu semi#si#t %i semieuro,e#n semieuro,e#n e,is$o, $#toli$ in partibus infidelium B@6 , +# reuni într-o m#nier uimito#re st,*nire# ultimelor &es$o,eriri %i #,li$#"ii teni$e #le %tiin"ei #,usene %i $uno#%tere# %i în&em*n#re# &e # olosi tot $ee# $e este $u #&e+r#t soli& %i semnii$#ti+ în misti$# tr#&i"ion#l # Orientului. Reult#tele unei #semene# $omin#"ii +or i i uluito#re. A,olloniu +#
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,rin sine $i,ul $i,ul +iu #l $re%tinismului +e$i +e$i #utenti$. 4iseri$# orto&o! orto&o! rus &u, $e e+enimentele ,oliti$e #u mo&ii$#t ,oi"i# oi$i#l # 4iseri$ii &e%i ,ier&use multe milio#ne &intre memrii si ee$ti+i nomin#li # îm,rt%it în s$im u$uri# &e # se i unit $u $ei m#i uni &intre st#ro-+eri st#ro-+eri135 %i $i#r $u mul"i se$t#n"i &e orient#re ,oiti+-reli-'io#s. A$e#st A$e#st iseri$ înnoit # în$e,ut r s s,ore#s$ s,ore#s$ numeri$ numeri$ s $re#s$ $re#s$ în or"# s,iritului #,t &o+e&it în lu,t# s# intern $u se$tele tot m#i numero#se în ,o,or $u $#r#$ter e!tremist %i $ror# nu le er# strin elementul &emoni$ %i s#t#ni$. în tim,ul ,rimilor &oi #ni #i noii &omnii to"i $re%tinii s,eri#"i %i isto+i"i &e o între#' serie &e re+olu"ii %i ro#ie ,re$e&ente #u m#niest#t #" &e noul st,*nitor %i reormele r eormele s#le ,#$iiste ,e &e-o &e-o ,#rte o e!,e$t#ti+ e!,e$t#ti+ ine+oito#re ,e &e #lt ,#rte o m#re m#re sim,#tie %i $i#r o
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$e r,os#tul ,#, în&re,t*n&u-se s,re sino& $e&#se insisten"elor îm,r#tului %i-1 numise $#r&in#l ,e $#n$el#rul im,eri#l m#rele m#' uni+ers#l e,is$o,ul e!oti$ A,ol-loniu ,e $#re 6etru îl $onsi&er# un $#toli$ în&oielni$ %i un im,ostor neîn&oios. :on&u$torul re#l &e%i neoi$i#l #l orto&o$%ilor er# st#re"ul Io#n o#rte $unos$ut în milo$ul ,o,orului rus. De%i De%i oi$i#l er# $onsi&er#t $onsi&er#t e,is$o, „în retr#'ere retr#'ere nu se retrsese retrsese l# ni$i o mnstire $i $ltore# tot tim,ul în &i+erse &ire$"ii. :ir$ul#u ,e so$ote#l# s# o se#m &e le'en&e. =nii s,une#u $ #r i în+i#t 7eo&or Pumi& #&i$ îm,r#tul Ale!#n&ru I 13J ns$ut $#m $u trei +e#$uri în urm. Al"ii mer'e#u %i m#i &e,#rte #irm*n& $ #r i #&e+r#tul st#re" Io#n #&i$ #,ostolul Io#n /+#n'elistul /+#n'elistul $#re ni$i n-#r i murit ni$io&#t %i # în$e,ut s se #r#te &es$is ,e #" în ultim# +reme. în $ee# $e-1 ,ri+e%te el nu +ore# ni$i-
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rsun# o #i# ,er$e,tiil umr &e ironie „Dr#'i $re%tini s,use el. în"ele' $*t este &e 'reu ,entru +oi s &#"i &#"i un sin'ur rs,uns rs,uns &ire$t în"ele' %i +re#u +re#u s + #ut. Din neeri$ire +-#"i s$in&#t în$ &in tim,uri #t*t &e +e$i în &i+erse $onesiuni %i ,#rti&e $ ,o#te ni$i nu #+e"i un sin'ur lu$ru $#re s + #tr#' ,e to"i. D#r &#$ +oi nu + ,ute"i ,une &e #$or& eu s,er s ,un &e #$or& to#te $onesiunile +o#stre #rt*n&u-le #$ee#%i iuire %i iin& i in& &eo,otri+ '#t# s înt*m,in nuin"# adev$rat$ # ie$rei# &intre ele. Iui"i $re%tiniT /u %tiu $ ,entru mul"i %i nu ,entru $ei &in urm urm &intre +oi lu$rul $el $el m#i &e ,re" &in $re%tinism $re%tinism este #$e# autoritate spiritual$ ,e $#re DIALO?=L AL R/IL/A
18
#$est# o $oner re,reent#n"ilor si le'#li nu ,entru #+#nt#ul lor ,erson#l &esi'ur $i ,entru
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$er$et#re# lier # S$ri,turii. u m#i e $re& ne+oie s s,un $#re este ,rere# me#. >ti"i
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,ute# lu# o$ii o$ii uimi"i %i îns,im*nt#"i &e ,e $i,ul îm,r#tului $uun&#t $uun&#t în t$ere %i &eo&#t &eo&#t
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is,it $onsi&erm întemei#t $# tru,urile r +i#" #le $elor &oi insti'#tori u$i%i &e o$ul
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stri'#t &e
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