VIVA VOCE FOR CLASS XII COMPUTER SCIENCE CBSE

(Probable questions for viva-voce) 1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.

24.

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

Define program. Define Programming language Explain different stages of Program development What is algorithm? Classification of languages Importance of main() Difference between C and C++. Features of OOPs Difference between Object Oriented Programs and Procedure Oriented Programs. Define Tokens. Define Keywords Identifiers (their characteristics) Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Ternary, Scope resolution, sizeof(), increment, decrement, indirection, at address) Difference between fundamental data types and derived data types Fundamental data types, memory size, range. Type casting Data type qualifiers – long, short etc. Different types of execution – sequential, selection and iteration. ASCII value Difference between prefix and postfix Difference between global variables and local variables. Arithmetic assignment operators (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=) Difference between entry-controlled loops and exit-controlled loops Elements control a loop – initialisation expression, test expression, body of the loop and update expression. Nested loop Difference between rvalue and lvalue What is compilation? What is debugging? Different types of errors – compilation error, run time error and logical error What is an array? Equation for finding total number of elements in an array (UB – LB + 1). What is a matrix? How can we find the address of an element in a 2-D array?

34. What is the difference between row major and column major form of an array? 35. What is a string? 36. What is the importance of ‘\0’ in a string? 37. What are the criteria used for matrix addition and multiplication? 38. What do you mean by diagonal elements of a matrix? 39. What is a symmetric matrix? 40. Which are the important string handling functions used in C++? (strcpy(), strlen(). strcmp(), strcat(), strrev()) 41. Character functions used in C++ (isalpha(), isdigit(), isalnum(), isupper(), islower(), toupper(), tolower()) 42. What do you mean by scope of a variable? 43. What is a function? 44. What is function signature or function prototype? 45. Difference between calling function and called function? 46. Difference between actual parameters and formal parameters. 47. Difference between break and continue. 48. Importance of exit() function. 49. Difference between call by value and call by reference method of function call. 50. Classification of functions – functions without argument and without return value, functions with argument and without return value, functions without argument and with return value, functions with argument and with return value 51. Difference between pre-defined functions and user-defined functions. 52. What do you mean by pre processor directives? 53. What is a structure? 54. What is self referential structure? 55. Difference between structure and union. 56. What is type compatibility? 57. What is enumeration? 58. Difference between getch() and getche() functions.

59. Important storage classes – Auto, Extern, Register, Static etc 60. What is the use of randomize function? 61. What are pointers? 62. What is a null pointer? 63. Difference between static memory allocation and dynamic memory allocation. 64. What is the importance of new and delete operators in C++? 65. C++ memory map. 66. What do you mean by garbage value? 67. What is the difference between = and ==? 68. What is a block or compound statement? 69. Define class and object. 70. What is the difference between a class and a structure? 71. What is modularity? 72. Define abstraction and data hiding. 73. What is inheritance? 74. Different types of inheritance. 75. Advantages of inheritance 76. Define base class, super class, abstract class and derived class. 77. Visibility modes- private, public and protected. 78. Global and local objects and their scope. 79. Difference between member functions and non-member functions. 80. What is polymorphism? 81. What are constructors and destructors? 82. Features of a constructor. 83. Differences between constructors and other member functions of a class. 84. What is function over riding? 85. What is a friend function? 86. Different types of constructors – default, parameterised and copy constructor. 87. What are files? 88. Basic operations in a file. 89. File stream classes and their uses – ifstream, ofstream and fstream. 90. Different methods used for opening a file. 91. What is a stream? 92. Different file modes – ios::app, ios::in, ios::out, ios::truncate etc.

93. Difference between seekg() and seekp(), tellg() and tellp(). 94. Difference between a text file and a binary file. 95. What is eof(). 96. What is a friend function? 97. What is function overloading? 98. What is function overriding? 99. What is this pointer? 100. Difference between primitive and non-primitive data types. 101. Difference between stack and queue. 102. Different searching techniques used in an array 103. Different sorting methods used in an array 104. Define data, database, database management system 105. Data redundancy 106. What is domain? 107. What is a relation? 108. Define the terms tuple, degree, cardinality, attributes etc. 109. What is a view? 110. Difference between a table and a view. 111. What is a key? 112. Define candidate key, primary key, alternate keys, composite primary key, foreign key etc. 113. What is the difference between select and project operations in DBMS? 114. What is the difference between union and set intersection operations? 115. What is SQL? 116. Different data types used in SQL. 117. Difference between character and varchar2. 118. What is data dictionary or metadata? 119. Different categories of commands used in SQL-DDL, DML, TCL and DCL. 120. What is a constraint? 121. Different constraints used in SQL – unique, primary key, default, check, not null. 122. Aggregate functions used in SQL. 123. What is pseudo column? 124. Explain the commands – SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, ALTER, UPDATE, DROP, TRUNCATE, DELETE etc. 125. What is a schema? 126. Difference between DROP and DELETE commands in a table.