Vitaminas Cursos Crash
March 3, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Download Vitaminas Cursos Crash...
Description
5
Votgjomgs
Yrhmþstonh Bg jhrtgbocgc cd bhs mo÷hs nhm jgbmutronoþm `rgvd sd gprhxojg gb 49%. Bg prhphrnoþm ds tgm gbtg phrqud egaotugbjdmtd mh sd cosphmd cdb trgtgjodmth gcdnugch.
Nhmsdnudmnogs cd bg JYD prhbhm`gcg Bhs mo÷hs jgbmutrochs shm jdmhs gntovhs y jçs gpçtonhs. Dstgs gmhjgbêgs cdb nhjphrtgjodmth sudbdm rdvdrtor nhm bg rdgbojdmtgnoþm. ^om djagr`h, nugmch bg jgbmutronoþm ds ojphrtgmtd y prhbhm`gcg prhcund umg rdcunnoþm jgrngcg cdb nrdnojodmth cdb dmnïfgbh y cg÷h pdrjgmdmtd fêsonh y jdmtgb. Bg gbtdrgnoþm cd bg omjumocgc sd trgcund dm rdtrgsh cd bg nongtrozgnoþm cd bgs edrocgs< bg pïrcocg cd prhtdêmg jusnubgr pudcd gngagr phr gfdntgr gb cogfrg`jg y prhcunor bg judrtd. Dm bg `urg 5.71 5.71 sd sd hfrdnd umg rdbgnoþm cd bhs dfdnths sohbþ`onhs cd bg jgbmutronoþm `rgvd prhbhm`gcg.
Yrdvdmnoþm Bg prdvdmnoþm cd bg jgbmutronoþm omfgmtob ds umg prohrocgc cd bg hakdtovhs Hr`gmozgnoþm Jumcogb cd bg ^gbuc. Bhs promnopgbds shm prhphrnohmgr; Fo`. 5.71 Dfdnths sohbþ`onhs cd bg jgbmutronoþm `rgvd prhbhm`gcg
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
Dfdnth
Nhmsdnudmnog
Cdsgrrhbbh ndrdargb cosjomuoch
Cg÷h pdrjgmdmtd pgrg db cdsgrrhbbh fêsonh y jdmtgb
^ostdjg omjumotgroh cdnodmtd
Qdspudstg jdcogcg phr nïbubgs cosjomuocg< sd jgmtodmd bg prhcunnoþm cd omjumh`bhaubomgs; pudcd tdmdr dfdnths pdrkuconogbds gb cdpbdnohmgr bg prhcunnoþm cd htrgs prhtdêmgs
Yïrcocg cd prhtdêmgs
Yrojdrh cdb jûsnubh, bud`h cd bgs vêsndrgs ↑ judrtd
Yïrcocgs cd dbdntrþboths
Gfdntgrêg g bg ahjag Mg+/L+ y gb jgmtdmojodmth cdb `rgcodmtd oþmonh g trgvïs cd bgs nïbubgs
Edjh`bha Edjh `bhaomg omg agkg
Gmdjog Gmdjog
Gbaûjomg sïrong agkg (sþbh lwgseohrlhr)
dcdjg
Bg jgbmutronoþm cd bhs gcubths dm pgêsds dm vêgs cd cdsgrrhbbh `dmdrg sêmthjgs sojobgrds g bhs qud sd hasdrvgm dm bhs mo÷hs, pdrh bhs rdsubtgchs mh shm tgm cdvgstgchrds. Dsth sd cdad g qud bhs gcubths shm yg fêsong y jdmtgbjdmtd jgcurhs y, phr tgmth, jçs rdsostdmtds.
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^upbdjdmths gbojdmtgrohs y votgjomgs gconohmgbds g `ruphs «cd rods`h¼. Ybgmongnoþm fgjobogr. Yrh`rgjgs cd omjumozgnoþm.
^om djagr`h, umg sdquêg, umg egjarumg h umg `udrrg dm bhs pgêsds gfdntgchs pudcd egndr qud dstd toph cd hakdtovhs sdgm prçntongjdmtd ojphsoabds cd nujpbor. Dm bhs pgêsds hnnocdmtgbds pudcd vdrsd nodrth `rgch cd JYD dm pgnodmtds ehspotgbozgchs, dm bgs sotugnohmds so`uodmtds; • •
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Gmhrdxog. Srgujgtosjhs,, omfdnnoþm `rgvd, noru`êg jgyhr, Srgujgtosjhs jgyhr, qudjgchs. Nçmndr.
Ds cdnor, nugbquodr ngusg qud prhcuzng um agbgmnd motrh`dmgch md`gtovh (v. ngp. 4). 4).
VOSGJOMG^
Cdmonoþm ^ustgmnogs hr`çmongs nhjpbdkgs rdqudrocgs dm bg codtg dm pdqud÷gs ngmtocgcds y nuyg gusdmnog hro`omg umg dmfdrjdcgc cdnotgrog. Bgs votgjomgs pudcdm covocorsd dm chs `ruphs promnopgbds, bophshbuabds d eocrhshbuabds.
Votgjomgs bophshbuabds
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Votgjomgs G, C, D y L. •
Gbtdrgnoþm cd bg fumnoþm `gstrhomtdstomgb
^hardnrdnojodmth agntdrogmh y ^hardnrdnojodmth jgbgashrnoþm
Eê`gch `rgsh (sþbh lwgseohrlhr)
Bg `rgsg sd gnujubg, cgch qud su trgmsphrtd rdquodrd gphbophprhtdêmgs, gphbophprhtdêmgs, qud shm cdnodmtds< mh sd vd dm db jgrgsjh, yg qud mh egy `rgsgs (dmdr`êg) mo prhtdêmgs
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^d gbjgndmgm dm db eê`gch. Mh sd gashradm mo sd dxnrdtgm fçnobjdmtd. ^u dxndsh pudcd rdsubtgr tþxonh (dm pgrtonubgr bg G y bg C).
Votgjomgs eocrhshbuabds
@ruph cd bgs votgjomgs A y votgjomg N. •
Mh sd gbjgndmgm dm `rgmcds ngmtocgcds.
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Mutronoþm
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^d rdquodrdm rd`ubgrjdmtd dm bg codtg. @dmdrgbjdmtd su dxndsh (cdmtrh cd bh rgzhmgabd) mh rdsubtg tþxonh.
Shcgs bgs votgjomgs A shm nhdmzojgs dm vêgs jdtg Shcgs aþbongs. VOSGJOMG^ BOYH^HBTABD^ Votgjomg G; rdtomhb OMQ
099 j`/cêg pgrg bhs ehjards y 6699 99 j`/cêg pgrg bgs jukdrds. Fudmtds
Bgs fudmtds gmojgbds shm bg jgmtdquobbg, bg bdned dmtdrg, bg ydjg cdb eudvh, db eê`gch y bhs gndotds cd eê`gch cd pdsngch. Nhmtodmdm rdtomhb. Bgs fudmtds vd`dtgbds shm bg jgyhrêg cd bgs vdrcurgs vdrcds, gjgrobbgs h mgrgmkgs y nhmtodmdm a-ngrhtdmh, prdnurshr cdb rdtomhb. Gashrnoþm y trgmsphrtd cd bg votgjomg G
Db rdtomhb sd gashrad dm bg junhsg omtdstomgb y sd dstdrong g çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg bgr`g, fhrjgmch ïstdrds rdtomob. Ïsths shm gnhpbgchs dm quobhjonrhmds y trgmsphrtgchs gb eê`gch pgrg sdr gbjgndmgchs. Nugmch shm rdqudrochs, db rdtomhb sd boadrg y sd trgmsphrtg bo`gch g bg prhtdêmg kgchrg cd rdtomhb. Db rdtomhb pudcd hxocgrsd g htrgs fhrjgs gntovgs, g sgadr, çnoch rdtomhonh y rdtomgb. Db a-ngrhtdmh sd gashrad dm db omtdstomh y sd nhmvodrtd dm rdtomgb. Fumnohmds Egy trds fhrjgs gntovgs cd bg votgjomg G; •
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Çnoch rdtomhonh, qud gntûg nhjh umg ehrjhmg dstdrhocdg têpong. ^d bo`g g bg nrhjgtomg pgrg omnrdjdmtgr bg sêmtdsos cd prhtdêmgs nhmtrhbgchrgs cdb nrdnojodmth ndbubgr y bg cofdrdmnognoþm cd nïbubgs dpotdbogbds. Yhr tgmth, gujdmtg db rdngjaoh cd nïbubgs dpotdbogbds. Qdtomgb. Db 77-nos rdtomgb sd bo`g g bg hpsomg pgrg fhrjgr rhchpsomg, db po`jdmth vosugb cd bhs agsthmds cd bg rdtomg ojpbongchs dm bg vosoþm y 5.7>). ). dspdnogbjdmtd dm bg vosoþm mhnturmg (`. (`. 5.7> Db a-ngrhtdmh ds um gmtohxocgmtd. ^d dstç dstucogmch omtdmsovgjdmtd bg fumnoþm cd bhs gmtohxocgmtds dm bg prdvdmnoþm cd bgs ngrcohpgtêgs y db nçmndr cd pubjþm, pubjþm, pdr pdrh h thcg thcgvêg vêg mh sd egm hatdmoch rdsubtgchs nhmnbuydmtds.
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Fo`. 5.7> Ygpdb cd bg votgjomg G dm bg vosoþm. Db 77-nos rdtomgb sd umd g bg hpsomg y bg trgmsfhrjg dm rhchpsomg, db po`jdmth cd bhs agsthmds
cd bg rdtomg qud pgrtonopgm dm bg vosoþm y gcgptgnoþm cd bg hsnurocgc g bg buz. Bg omtdmsocgc bujêmong agkg (vosoþm dsnhtþpong) gntovg umg sdrod cd rdgnnohmds fhthquêjongs qud cdnhbhrgm bg rhchpsomg nhmvortoïmchbg dm trgms rdtomgb, qud cdsdmngcdmg um ojpubsh mdrvohsh dm db mdrvoh þptonh egnog db ndrdarh.
Cdnodmnog Omnocdmnog
Db cïnot cd votgjomg G rgrg vdz sd hasdrvg dm pgêsds cdsgrrhbbgchs phrqud bhs cdpþsoths edpçtonhs shm sunodmtds pgrg curgr >-3 g÷hs. ^d hasdrvg egaotugbjdmtd dm mo÷hs cd pgêsds dm vêgs cd cdsgrrhbbh, nhjh Omcog y pgrtds cdb surdstd cd Gsog, chmcd umhs 499.999 mo÷hs qudcgm nod`hs ngcg g÷h phr nubpg cd bg cdnodmnog cd votgjomg G. Ngusgs
Yudcd cdadrsd g umg om`dstoþm codtïtong cosjomuocg, gumqud dsth sþbh sd prhcund dm ngshs cd jgbmutronoþm juy ojphrtgmtd. Sgjaoïm pudcd sdr sdnumcgrog g jgbgashrnoþm cd `rgsgs. Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs
Bhs sêmthjgs dm db hkh shm prh`rdsovhs; •
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Omonogbjdmtd, db cïnot ojpocd bg gcgptgnoþm g bg hsnurocgc y ngusg nd`udrg mhnturmg. Ds rdvdrsoabd. Db cïnot prhbhm`gch `rgvd prhcund xdrhftgbjêg; sdqudcgc bg nþrmdg y cddpotdbogb. bg nhmkumtovg phrvdrsd bg prh`rdsovgcd qudrgtomozgnoþm Yudcdm «jgmnegs cd Aotht¼, qud shm pbgngs abgmngs cd nïbubgs dpotdbogbds cd bg nhmkumtovg qudrgtomozgcgs.
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Votgjomgs •
^o mh sd trgtg, sd cdsgrrhbbg qudrgthjgbgnog, prhcunodmch ubndrgnoþm nhrmdgb y fhrjgnoþm cd tdkoch nongtronogb hpgnh, bh nugb sd trgcund dm nd`udrg orrdvdrsoabd. orrdvdrsoabd.
Dm bg podb, um jdmhr rdngjaoh cd nïbubgs dpotdbogbds prhcund; •
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Dm`rhsgjodmth y sdqudcgc cd bg podb cdaoch g eopdrqudrgthsos. Gbtdrgnoþm fumnohmgb cd bg junhsg.
Cog`mþstonh y trgtgjodmth Db cog`mþstonh y db trgtgjodmth sd agsgm egaotugbjdmtd dm bgs ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs gmtds jdmnohmgcgs. Sgjaoïm sd pudcd jdcor bh so`uodmtd; •
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Bg nhmndmtrgnoþm pbgsjçtong cd votgjomg G y cd bg prhtdêmg kgchrg cdb rdtomhb. Bg rdspudstg gb trgtgjodmth sustotutovh.
Db trgtgjodmth ur`dmtd nhm votgjomg G (dm fhrjg cd pgbjotgth cd rdtomhb) hrgb h omtrgjusnubgr dvotg bg nd`udrg. ^o bg cdnodmnog ds `rgvd y yg eg ngusgch qudrgthjgbgnog, mh sd pudcd rdstgurgr bg vosoþm. Ds omtdrdsgmtd cdstgngr qud bg votgjomg G tgjaoïm sd utobozg nhm ïxoth pgrg trgtgr umg sdrod cd prhabdjgs nutçmdhs, nhjh db gnmï (`. (`. 5.73). 5.73).
Shxonocgc Eopdrvotgjomhsos G Bg eopdrvotgjomhsos G ds um sêmcrhjd tþxonh `rgvd. Bg thjg dxndsovg cd votgjomg G prhcund; • •
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h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
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Yodb sdng, pruro`omhsg; cdrjgtotos. Cdfdnths cd bg jdjargmg junhsg y pïrcocg cd ngadbbh. Edpgthjd`gbog. Gcdb`gzgjodmth y frgnturg cd bhs eudshs bgr`hs. Gujdmth cd bg prdsoþm omtrgnrgmdgb. Fo`. 5.73 Gpbongnoþm cd bg votgjomg G dm db trgtgjodmth cd
prhabdjgs nutçmdhs Srgs rgsthr thrmh
Srgtgjodm odmth
Gnmï jhcdrgch
Çnoch rdtomhonh tþponh (nugbquodr çnoch trgms rdtomhonh)
Gnmï `rgvdjdmtd cdsf`urgmtd
Oshtrdtomhêmg (çnoch 7>-nos rdtomhonh) hrgb
Yshrogsos
Gnotrdtomg (Gjahs dstçm nhmtrgomcongchs dm db djagrgzh, yg qud shm tdrgth`ïmonhs)
Bg thxonocgc nhm fudmtds mhrjgbds ds juy ojprhagabd, pdrh cdad tdmdrsd dm nudmtg nugmch sd prdsnroadm chsos dbdvgcgs cd çnoch rdtomhonh pgrg pdrshmgs nhm gnmï `rgvd.
Sdrgth`dmonocgc Bgs jukdrds djagrgzgcgs mh cdadm shardpgsgr bhs >,> j`/cêg phrqud bg votgjomg G prhcund cdfdnths nhm`ïmoths. Yhr tgmth, cdadm dvotgrsd bhs supbdjdmths cd votgjomg G h nhjdr eê`gch, phrqud nhmtodmd 7>-39 j` cd votgjomg G phr ngcg 799 `. Db trgtgjodmth nhm oshtrdtomhêmg pgrg db gnmï dstç thtgbjdmtd nhmtrgomcongch dm db djagrgzh.
Votgjomg C>; nhbdngbnofdrhb OMQ Mh egy OMQ pgrg bg votgjomg C, yg qud ds somtdtozgcg phr db hr`gmosjh. Fudmtds Dmtrd bgs fudmtds cd bg votgjomg C sd omnbuydm; •
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Codtg; dm gndotds cd eê`gch cd pdsngch nhjh nhbdngbnofdrhb. ^êmtdsos dmcþ`dmg; bg jgyhrêg cd bg votgjomg C ds somtdtozgcg phr db hr`gmosjh.
Bg votgjomg C ds um cdrovgch cdb nhbdstdrhb y mh dstç dm bgs pbgmtgs< bhs vd`dtgrogmhs cdadm fgarongrbg dbbhs josjhs.
^êmtdsos Bg votgjomg C sd fgarong dm bg podb jdcogmtd bg gnnoþm cd bg buz shbgr cd umg bhm`otuc cd hmcg cd 1?9->79 mj. Dm db Qdomh Tmoch mh egy rgcognoþm cd dstg bhm`otuc cd hmcg dmtrd hntuard y jgrzh, phr bh qud db hr`gmosjh cdpdmcd cd bhs cdpþsoths ednehs curgmtd db vdrgmh. Db nhbdngbnofdrhb sufrd chs rdgnnohmds cd eocrhxobgnoþm, bg projdrg dm db eê`gch y bg sd`umcg dm db ro÷þm, pgrg prhcunor bg fhrjg gntovg 7,14-coeocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb (v. (v. `. 5.74). 5.74). Bg jgyhrêg cd bg votgjomg C sd gbjgndmg dm db eê`gch nhjh 14-eocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb.
Fumnohmds Bg promnopgb fumnoþm cd bg votgjomg C bg cdsdjpd÷g dm bg ehjdhstgsos cdb ngbnoh, qud nhmtrhbg cd trds jgmdrgs (v. `. 5.74 5.74); ); •
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Gujdmtg bg ngptgnoþ Gujdmtg ngptgnoþm m cd ngbnoh ngbnoh (y fhsfg fhsfgth th omhr`çmonh) cdscd db omtdstomh (fumnoþm promnopgb). Gujdmtg Gujdm tg bg rdgashrnoþ rdgashrnoþm m cd ngbnoh cdscd cdscd db ro÷þm. ro÷þm.
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Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.74 ^êmtdsos, jdtgahbosjh jdtgahbosjh y fumnohmds cd bg votgjomg C. Bg fhrjg gntovg, 7,14-coeocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb, todmd trds dfdnths promnopgbds qud gujdmtgm bg nhmndmtrgnoþm cd ngbnoh dm db pbgsjg. 7. Gujdmtg bg ngptgn ngptgnoþm oþm cd Ng1+ (y cd fhsfgth omhr`çmonh) cdb omtdstomh. 1. Gujdmtg bg rdgashrnoþm rdgashrnoþm cd ngbnoh cdb ro÷þm. >. Gujdmtg bg rdshrnoþm þ þsdg sdg (nugmch ds
mdndsgroh), phr bh qud sd boadrg ngbnoh.
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Gujdmtg bg rdshrnoþm cd eudsh (nugmch ds mdndsgroh), pgrg boadrgr ngbnoh.
Yhr tgmth, bg votgjomg C gujdmtg bg nhmndmtrgnoþm pbgsjçtong cd ohmds ngbnoh.
Jdngmosjh cd gnnoþm Bg fhrjg gntovg, 7,14-coeocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb, ds umgbo`g ehrjhmg dstdrhocdg. Dm bgs nïbubgs omtdstomgbds sd g um rdndpthr nothsþbonh. Db nhjpbdkh rdsubtgmtd dmtrg dm db mûnbdh y sd bo`g g bg nrhjgtomg dm umg zhmg dspdnêng (rd`oþm cd gujdmth h dbd-
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jdmth rdspudstg) pgrg gujdmtgr bg sêmtdsos cd umg prhtdêmg kgchrg cd ngbnoh, bg ngbaomcomg, bh qud cg bu`gr g um omnrdjdmth cd bg rdgashrnoþm omtdstomgb cd ngbnoh.
Cdnodmnog Ngusgs •
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Cosjomunoþm cd bg om`dstoþm codtïtong cd votgjomg C. Dxphsonoþm omgcdnugcg g bg buz shbgr cd bg bhm`otuc cd hmcg gcdnugcg.
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Votgjomgs
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Dmfdrjdcgc rdmgb, nhm bh qud bg prhcunnoþm cd bg fhrjg gntovg 7,14-coeocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb ds omgcdnugcg. Dmfdrjdcgc edpçtong, nhm jdmhr fhrjgnoþm cd 14-eocrhxonhbdngbnofdrhb (prdnurshr cd bg fhrjg gntovg). Jgbgashrnoþm cd `rgsgs (p. dk., dmfdrjdcgc
ndbêgng). Bhs `ruphs nhm rods`h cd prdsdmtgr cïnot shm; •
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Mo÷hs y jukdrds cd hro`dm gsoçtonh cd zhmgs nhm dsngsg buz shbgr. Ydrshmgs jgyhrds y rdnbuocgs dm su chjonoboh. Adaïs gbojdmtgchs gb pdneh dm omvodrmh, yg qud bg buz qud rdnoadm bgs jgcrds curgmtd dsths jdsds mh ds cd bg bhm`otuc cd hmcg gcdnugcg pgrg `dmdrgr votgjomg C. Vd`dtgrogmhs Vd`dtgrogmhs dstronths (bg votgjomg C mh dstç prdsdmtd dm bhs gbojdmths cd hro`dm vd`dtgb).
Votgjomg D; thnhfdrhb Bg votgjomg D nhmstg cd hneh thnhfdrhbds qud sd prdsdmtgm cd jgmdrg mgturgb, sodmch db g-thnhfdrhb db jçs gntovh.
OMQ Mom`umg. Tmg codtg rong dm çnochs `rgshs phboomsgturgchs rdquodrd umg om`dstoþm dbdvgcg cd votgjomg D.
Fudmtds Gndotds vd`dtgbds, dspdnogbjdmtd db gndotd cd `drjdm cd tro`h, mudnds y vd`dtgbds vdrcds. Gashrnoþm y trgmsphrtd Db thnhfdrhb sd dmnudmtrg «cosudbth¼ dm bg `rgsg cd bg codtg y, phr tgmth, sd gashrad nhm dbbg. Ds trgmsphrtgch dm bg sgm`rd phr bgs bophprhtdêmgs, omonogbjdmtd dm bhs quobhjonrhmds qud dmtrd`gm bg votgjomg D cd bg codtg g bhs tdkochs. Bg votgjomg D ds trgmsphrtgcg cdscd db eê`gch nhm bgs bophprhtdêmgs cd juy agkg cdmsocgc (VBCB) y sd gbjgndmg dm db tdkoch gcophsh. Nugbquodr
cosfumnoþm dm bgs bophprhtdêmgs y dm db jdtgahbosjh cd bgs `rgsgs pudcd prhcunor um cïnot cd votgjomg D. Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y pgth`dmog Ngrgntdrêstongs Db cïnot cd votgjomg C gbtdrg bg jomdrgbozgnoþm þsdg. Dm bhs mo÷hs cg bu`gr g rgquotosjh y dm bhs Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog 5.76 sd notgm bgs fumnohmds cd bg votgjomg D gcubths, g hstdhjgbgnog (v. jçs gcdbgmtd, dm bhs cï- Dm bg `urg 5.76 sd y bgs jgmofd jgmofdstg stgnoh nohmds mds nbê nbêmon mongs gs cd su cdnod cdnodmno mnog. g. ^u nots cd ngbnoh, dm dstd josjh ngpêtubh). 5.70. Bg gbtdrgnoþm cd bg ehjdhstgsos cdb ngbnoh jdngmosjh cd gnnoþm sd cdsnroad dm bg `urg 5.70. tgjaoïm prhcund eophngbndjog d eophfhsfgtdjog (ngbnoh y fþsfhrh pbgsjçtonhs agkhs). Dsth pudcd Cdnodmnog hro`omgr sêmthjgs cd orrotgaobocgc mdurhjusnubgr, Omnocdmnog dmtujdnojodmth, pgrdstdsogs, tdtgmog y, mgbjdmtd, Db cïnot cd votgjomg D ds juy rgrh dm bhs sdrds nhmvubsohmds. eujgmhs y sþbh sd vd dm; •
Shxonocgc
Bg votgjomg C ds bg jçs tþxong cd thcgs bgs votgjomgs. Ds bophshbuabd, sd gbjgndmg dm db hr`gmosjh y h sd jdtgahbozg bdmtgjdmtd. Mhrjgbjdmtd sd thbdrg t o b d c aodm, pdrh chsos dbdvgcgs curgmtd um cdtdrjomgch m u pdrêhch cd todjph pudcdm ngusgr eopdrvotgjomhsos C. s d m Dstg dmfdrjdcgc sd prdsdmtg nhm mçusdgs, vþjoths þ o n y cdaobocgc jusnubgr. jusnubgr. Movdbds juy dbdvgchs cd g z o r h votgjomg C prhcundm um omnrdjdmth so`mongtovh t u g cd bg gashrnoþm cd ngbnoh y cd bg rdshrnoþm þsdg, m o s r cgmch bu`gr g eopdrngbndjog y cdpþsoth cd ngbnoh g o p dm bhs tdkochs, shard thch dm grtdrogs, nhrgzþm, h n h eê`gch, ro÷hmds y pçmnrdgs. Dsth sd nhmhnd nhjh t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
ngbnongnoþm jdtgstçsong y pudcd omtdrfdror dm db nhrrdnth fumnohmgjodmth cd bhs þr`gmhs, ngusgmch phsoabdjdmtd nçbnubhs rdmgbds, ngbnongnoþm grtdrogb d omsunodmnog ngrcêgng.
Bgntgmtds prdjgturhs, prhcunodmch bg gmdjog edjhbêtong cdb rdnoïm mgnoch. Bg votgjomg D nruzg bg pbgndmtg dm db ûbtojh trojdstrd cdb djagrgzh, phr bh qud bhs bgntgmtds prdjgturhs sþbh todmdm pdqud÷hs cdpþsoths cd votgjomg D. Bgs jdjargmgs cd sus edjgtêds shm frç`obds y susndptoabds cd sdr cg÷gcgs phr bhs rgcongbds
Fo`. 5.76 Votgjomg D; fumnoþm y dfdnths cd bg cdnodmnog Fumnohmds
Cïnot
Gmtohxocgmtd mgturgb qud dvotg bg hxocgnoþm cd bhs nhjphmdmtds ndbubgrds phr rgcongbds boards, p. dk., bhs çnochs `rgshs phboomsgturgchs prdsdmtds dm bgs jdjargmgs ndbubgrds
Juy rgrh, dxndpth dm bgntgmtds prdjgturhs, dm bhs qud pudcd hro`omgr bg gmdjog edjhbêtong cdb rdnoïm mgnoch
74? 74?
Mutronoþm Fo`. 5.70 Gnnoþm gmtohxocgmtd cd bg
votgjomg D. Bhs rgcongbds boards gtgngm bhs chabds dmbgnds cd bhs çnochs `rgshs phboomsgturgchs pgrg fhrjgr um rgcongb pdrþxoch cdb çnoch `rgsh gbtgjdmtd rdgntovh. Ïstd pudcd gtgngr g htrhs çnochs `rgshs, gbtdrgmch bg dstrunturg cd bg jdjargmg y bg omtd`rocgc ndbubgr. Bg votgjomg D egnd cd «agsurdrh¼ cd bhs rgcongbds pdrþxoch cd bhs çnochs `rgshs pgrg fhrjgr um rgcongb board ïb josjh. Ds rd`dmdrgcg phr htrhs mutrodmtds gmtohxocgmtds (votgjomgs G y N).
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boards, bh qud hro`omg bosos cd bhs `bþaubhs rhkhs. Bgs djagrgzgcgs rdnoadm supbdjdmths pgrg dvotgr dstg sotugnoþm. Mo÷hs y gcubths, sdnumcgrog g `rgvd jgbgashrnoþm cd `rgsgs< phr dkdjpbh, dm bg gtrdsog aobogr, dm bg dmfdrjdcgc nhbdstçtong edpçtong h dm um cïnot cd bophprhtdêmgs (p. dk., bg gadtgbophprhtdomdjog).
Fo`. 5.75 Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog cd bg votgjomg L
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs Db cïnot cd votgjomg D prhcund cdaobocgc jusnubgr, mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong, gtgxog y mostg`jh. Dm mo÷hs nhm gadtgbophprhtdomdjog, db trgtgjodmth nhm votgjomg D pudcd dvotgr bg cd`dmdrgnoþm dspomhndrdadbhsg `rgvd y bg gtgxog.
Shxonocgc Bg votgjomg D ds bg jdmhs tþxong cd bgs votgjomgs bophshbuabds. Db ush cd supbdjdmths cd votgjomg D gyucg g prhtd`dr frdmtd gb cdsgrrhbbh cd ngrcohpgtêg, prhtd`odmch g bgs bophprhtdêmgs cd agkg cdmsocgc (BCB) cd bg hxocgnoþm phr bhs rgcongbds boards. Votgjomg L
OMQ Mom`umg. Fudmtds Dmtrd bgs fudmtds cd bg votgjomg L sd omnbuydm; •
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Codtg; dspdnogbjdmtd vd`dtgbds vdrcds, ydjg cd eudvh, eê`gch y ndrdgbds. Bg jgyhr pgrtd sd somtdtozg phr bg fihrg agntdrogmg mhrjgb cdb ydyumh y db êbdhm. Bg bdned eujgmg sþbh nhmtodmd umg pdqud÷g ngmtocgc.
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog Dm bg `urg 5.75 5.75 sd judstrgm bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot cd bg votgjomg L.
769
Fumnohmds
Cïnot
Bg votgjomg L ds umg nhdmzojg pgrg bg ngrahxobgnoþm cd rdsocuhs cd `butgjgth cd bhs fgnthrds cd nhg`ubgnoþm OO, VOO, OU yU Bg ngrahxobgnoþm gntovg bhs fgnthrds cd bg nhg`ubgnoþm
Bg vdrcgcdrg cdnodmnog ds rgrg phrqud bgs agntdrogs omtdstomgbds egaotugbjdmtd prhcundm sunodmtd Bg gmtoaohtdrgpog g bgr`h pbgzh prhcund umg ↞ cd bgs agntdrogs y umg ↞ cd bg votgjomg L, nhm db rdsubtgch
y, cd dstd jhch, bg ngsngcg cd nhg`ubgnoþm Bhs gmtonhg`ubgmtds gmtonhg`ubgmtds wgrfgromg y conujgrhb omeoadm bg votgjomg L
cd umg jgbg nhg`ubgnoþm cd bg sgm`rd y trgsthrmhs edjhrrç`onhs Yudcd cgr bu`gr g dmfdrjdcgc edjhrrç`ong cdb rdnoïm mgnoch
Cdnodmnog Tm vdrcgcdrh cïnot ds rgrh, yg qud bg jgyhrêg cd bg votgjomg L cdb hr`gmosjh ds somtdtozgcg phr bgs agntdrogs dm db omtdstomh.
Ngusgs Yromnopgbds ngusgs cd cdnodmnog cd bg votgjomg L; Cosjomunoþm cdb mûjdrh cd agntdrogs omtdstomgbds< phr dkdjpbh, trgs gmtoaohtdrgpog prhbhm`gcg. Cosjomunoþm cd bg om`dstoþm codtïtong. Bhs rdnoïm mgnochs todmdm omtdstomhs dstïrobds, cd jhch qud omonogbjdmtd mh pudcdm fgarongr votgjomg L. Bhs gmtonhg`ubgmtds hrgbds (p. dk., bg wgrfgromg) shm gmtg`hmostgs cd bg votgjomg L (`. ( `. 5.7?). 5.7?).
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Jdngmosjh Tm cïnot cd votgjomg L cg bu`gr g movdbds agkhs cd bhs fgnthrds cd nhg`ubgnoþm cdpdmcodmtds cd bg votgjomg L, OO, VOO, OU y U, y, dm nhmsdnudmnog, sd omeoad bg ngsngcg cd bg nhg`ubgnoþm. Bhs pgnodmtds prdsdmtgm jgyhr tdmcdmnog g bgs edjhrrg`ogs y g bg fhrjgnoþm cd edjgthjgs.
5
Votgjomgs
Bg dmfdrjdcgc edjhrrç`ong cdb rdnoïm mgnoch ds um trgsthrmh cd bg nhg`ubgnoþm ngusgch ngusgch phr cïnot cd votgjomg L y db cdtdrohrh nhmsdnudmtd cd bg prhcunnoþm edpçtong cd bhs fgnthrds OO, VOO, OU y U. Bhs bgntgmtds prdjgturhs, bhs rdnoïm mgnochs qud egm sufroch gsxog pdromgtgb y bhs adaïs gbojdmtgchs nhm bdned jgtdrmg todmdm jçs rods`h cd cdsgrrhbbgr dstg dmfdrjdcgc. Nbçsongjdmtd sd prdsdmtg db nugrth cêg cd vocg nhm edjhrrg`og `gstrhomtdstomgb. `gstrhomtdst omgb. Egaotugbjdmtd, bgs edjhrrg`ogs shm cd phng dmtocgc, pdrh pudcdm sdr jgyhrds y prhcunor bg judrtd. Yhr dsh, g thchs bhs rdnoïm mgnochs dm db Qdomh Tmoch sd bds gcjomostrg prhbçntongjdmtd prhbçnt ongjdmtd votgjomg L omtrgjusnubgr omtrgjusnubgr u hrgb.
VOSGJOMG^ EOCQH^HBTABD^ Votgjomg A7; togjomg
OMQ 7 j`/cêg pgrg bhs ehjards y 9,5 j`/cêg pgrg bgs jukdrds. Fo`. 5.7? Cïnot cd votgjomg L; omeoaonoþm cd bg ngsngc ngsngcgg cd nhg`ubgnoþm.
Cog`mþstonh y trgtgjodmth Db cog`mþstonh y db trgtgjodmth cdb cïnot cd votgjomg L sd hfrdndm dm bg `urg 5.19. 5.19.
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
Cdnodmnog dm bhs rdnoïm mgnochs Bhs rdnoïm mgnochs todmdm omtdstomhs dstïrobds, cd jhch qud mh todmdm agntdrogs pgrg fgarongr votgjomg L. Gcdjçs, prçntongjdmtd mh todmdm gbjgndmds edpçtonhs cd votgjomg L y ïstg sd dmnudmtrg dm umg ngmtocgc juy pdqud÷g dm bg bdned eujgmg. Db cïnot cd dstg votgjomg ngusg bg dmfdrjdcgc edjhrrç`ong cdb rdnoïm mgnoch.
Fudmtds Ndrdgbds omtd`rgbds, eê`gch, ndrch, bdvgcurg, prhcunths bçntdhs y bd`ujards. Fhrjg gntovg Yorhfhsfgth cd togjomg (SYY), qud sd fhrjg phr bg trgmsfdrdmnog cd um `ruph porhfhsfgth cdb GSY g bg togjomg. Fumnohmds Dm bg `urg 5.17 sd 5.17 sd notgm bgs fumnohmds cd bg togjomg< su jdngmosjh cd gnnoþm sd cdsnroad dm bg `urg 5.11. 5.11. Dmfdrjdcgcds cdnotgrogs Db cïnot cd togjomg prhcund; •
Fo`. 5.19 Cog`mþstonh y trgtgjodmth cdb cïnot cd votgjomg L Cog`mþstonh
Srgtgjodmth
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs; edjgthjgs y edjhrrg`ogs, phr dkdjpbh, dm hromg h dm db trgnth @O Gujdmth cdb todjph cd prhtrhjaomg (SSY) Gujdmth cdb todjph cd trhjahpbgstomg pgrnogb gntovgcg (SSY (SSYG) G) jdmhs jgrngch qud db cdb SSY
^upbdjdmths cd votgjomg L
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Adroadro. ^d prdsdmtg dm chs fhrjgs; adroadro eûjdch, nhm dcdjgs, sêmthjgs ngrcohvgsnubgrds d omsunodmnog ngrcêgng, y adroadro sdnh, qud prhcund gtrhg jusnubgr y mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong. Dmndfgbhpgtêg cd Pdrmonld, qud sd gshnog nhm gbnhehbosjh. Ysonhsos cd Lhrsglhff.
Adroadro Omnocdmnog Ehy dm cêg, db adroadro (`. ( `. 5.1>) 5.1>) sþbh gpgrdnd dm bgs çrdgs jçs phards cdb surdstd gsoçtonh, chmcd bg codtg
767 767
Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.17 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cdb cïnot cd togjomg Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Bg togjomg-porhfhsfgth ds nhfgnthr cd nugtrh dmzojgs nbgvds; • poruvgth cdseocrh`dmgsg • g-ndth`butgrgth cdseocrh`dmgsg (nonbh cdb GSN) • cdseocrh`dmgsg cd g-ndthçnoch cd ngcdmg rgjongcg • trgmsndth trgmsndthbgsg bgsg (vêg cd bgs pdmthsgs pdmthsgs fhsfgth) fhsfgth)
Fo`. 5.11 Jdngmosjh cd gnnoþm cd bg togjomg. Bg togjomg porhfhsfgth, bg fhrjg gntovg cd bg togjomg, gntûg nhjh nhdmzojg cd bgs rdgnnohmds cd bg poruvgth cdseocrh`dmgsg y cd bg g-ndth`butgrgth cdseocrh`dmgsg dm db nonbh cdb GSN y cd bg trgmsndthbgsg dm bg vêg cd bgs pdmthsgs fhsfgth.
761
Tmg jdmhr gntovocgc cd bg poruvgth cdseocrh`dmgsg y cd bg g-ndth`butgrgth cdseocrh`dmgsg ngusg; • gnujubgnoþm cd poruvgth poruvgth y bgntgth • fhrjgnoþm cosjomuocg cosj omuocg cd gndtob NhG y GSY y, phr tgmth, cosjomunoþm cd gndtobnhbomg y cd bg gntovocgc cdb sostdjg mdrvohsh ndmtrgb Tmg jdmhr jdmhr gntovocgc gntovocgc cd bg vêg cd bgs pdmthsgs pdmthsgs fhsfgth fhsfgth cg bu`gr bu`gr g movdbds agkhs cd MGCYE, mdndsgroh pgrg bg sêmtdsos cd çnochs `rgshs< dsth prhcund umg cosjomunoþm cd bg sêmtdsos cd jodbomg, bh qud pudcd cdrovgr dm mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong
5
Votgjomgs
Fo`. 5.1> Sophs cd adroadro
Adroadro eûjdch
Adroadro cdb bgntgmtd
Adroadro sdnh
Ngrg Ngrgnt ntdr drês êston tongs gs nb nbêm êmong ongss
^o`m ^o`mhs hs
Dcdjg; sd dxtodmcd phr thch db nudrph ↑ gsnotos y cdrrgjd pbdurgb Omsunodmnog ngrcêgng
YVN dbdvgcg Sgquongrcog y tgquopmdg
nhm`dstovg Fhrjg cd adroadro eûjdch qud gpgrdnd dm adaïs nuygs jgcrds shm cdnotgrogs dm togjomg
Mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong gsndmcdmtd, `rgcugb y sojïtrong qud prhcund pgrçbosos prh`rdsovg
Fo`. 5.13 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs cd bg dmndfgbhpgtêg cd Pdrmonld y bg psonhsos cd Lhrsglhff
Gmhrdxog y dcdjg cd nhjodmzh g`uch qud pudcd ojpbongr g bg bgrom`d ↑ gfhmêg ^d cdsgrrhbbgm tgquongrcog y tgquopmdg ↑ judrtd Omonogbjdmtd, ro`ocdz cd bgs podrmgs ↑ cdaobocgc, dmtujdnojodmth y «ehrjo`udhs¼ qud gsnodmcdm egstg gfdntgr gb trhmnh, g bhs argzhs y mgbjdmtd gb dmnïfgbh
Ngusgs
Dmndfgbhpgtêg cd Pdrmonld; • dstgch nhmfusohmgb g`uch • gtgxog, so`mhs ndrdadbhshs • hftgbjhpbdkêg y mostg`jh
Gbnhehb Cg÷h osquïjonh gb trhmnh ndrdargb y g sus nhmdxohmds
• mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong Cog`mþstonh; nbêmonh< bg sotugnoþm rdvodrtd nhm trgtgjodmth omjdcogth nhm togjomg
Ngusg ojphrtgmtd cd cdjdmnog dm bhs pgêsds cdsgrrhbbgchs Yrh`rdsoþm cd bg dmndfgbhpgtêg cd Pdrmonld som trgtgr
^o mh sd trgtg pudcd gpgrdndr psonhsos cd Lhrsglhff; sêmcrhjd gjmïsonh `rgvd d orrdvdrsoabd qud sd ngrgntdrozg phr pïrcocg cd bg jdjhrog g nhrth pbgzh
dm bhs pgêsds cdsgrrhbbgchs. Db cïnot sd jgmodstg nhjh dmndfgbhpgtêg cd Pdrmonld (`. (`. 5.13). 5.13). Dm db Qdomh Tmoch, bg om`dstoþm agkg cd togjomg pudcd vdrsd dm; •
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs
Gbnheþbonhs nrþmonhs; db gbnhehb omeoad bg ngptgnoþm cd togjomg. Gmnogmhs. Ydrshmgs nhm dmfdrjdcgcds cdb tuah co`dstovh supdrohr (p. dk., nçmndr `çstronh).
açsong ds db grrhz cdsngsngrobbgch, ds cdnor, gb qud sd bd eg quotgch bg nçsngrg qud nhmtodmd bg jgyhrêg cd bgs votgjomgs, nhjh bg togjomg.
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Cog`mþstonh ^d rdgbozg jdcogmtd cdtdrjomgnoþm cd bg gntovocgc trgmsndthbgsg dm bhs `bþaubhs rhkhs, gmtds y cdspuïs cd bg gconoþm cd porhfhsfgth cd togjomg (SYY). Tm omnrdjdmth supdrohr gb >9% dm bg gntovocgc nhm SYY
Shxonocgc Bg thxonocgc ds omfrdnudmtd, pdrh um dxndsh ngusg ndfgbdg, omshjmoh y cdrjgtotos.
omcong cdnodmnog. Gntugbjdmtd, bg togjomg tgjaoïm pudcd jdcorsd cordntgjdmtd dm db pbgsjg.
OMQ 7,> j`/cêg pgrg bhs ehjards e hjards y 7,7 j`/cêg pgrg bgs jukdrds.
Srgtgjodmth Omonogbjdmtd, db trgtgjodmth sd rdgbozg nhm omydnnohmds omtrgjusnubgrds cd togjomg curgmtd > cêgs gprhxojgcgjdmtd (vgrêg sd`ûm bg `rgvdcgc), sd`uocgs cd supbdjdmths hrgbds cogrohs. Dm db adroadro eûjdch, db trgtgjodmth cosjomuyd crçstongjdmtd bhs dcdjgs y nhmso`ud umg rçpocg jdkhrêg cd bhs sêmthjgs. Dm db adroadro sdnh, bg jdkhrêg ds jçs bdmtg.
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Votgjomg A1; roahfigvomg
Fudmtds Bdned, eudvhs, eê`gch. Bg roahfigvomg sd cdstruyd rçpocgjdmtd phr bg buz ubtrgvohbdtg. Fhrjgs gntovgs Bg roahfigvomg todmd chs fhrjgs gntovgs; • •
Fbgvomg jhmhmunbdþtoch (FJM). Fbgvomg gcdmomg comunbdþtoch (FGC).
^êmcrhjd cd Pdrmonl Pdrmonld-Lhrsglhff d-Lhrsglhff Omnocdmnog Cgch qud bg togjomg dstç prdsdmtd dm bg jgyhrêg cd bhs gbojdmths, um cïnot codtïtonh mh ds egaotugb
Fumnohmds y cïnot Dm bg `urg 5.14 5.14 sd sd notgm bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot cd roahfigvomg. Db dxndsh cd roahfigvomg mh ds tþxonh.
76> 76>
Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.14 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cd bg cdnodmnog cd bg roahgvomg
Fo`. 5.16 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cdb cïnot cd mognomg
Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Db FGC y db FJM shm nhdmzojgs cd umg sdrod cd hxocgsgs y cdseocrh`dmgsgs cdseocrh`dmgsgs
Qgrg, dxndpth dm gmnogmhs h gbnheþbonhs< mh egy dmfdrjdcgc cdnotgrog dspdnêng
MGC+ y MGCY+ shm nhdmzojgs cd junegs cdseocrh`dmgsgs dm rdgnnohmds rdchx
Ydbg`rg
Yudcdm gndptgr chs eocrþ`dmhs pgrg fhrjgr FGCE1 y FJME1, rdspdntovgjdmtd, y thjgr pgrtd cd rdgnnohmds rdchx nhjh, phr dkdjpbh, bg ngcdmg trgmsphrtgchrg cd dbdntrhmds h gntugr nhjh gmtohxocgmtds
^êmthjgs cd cdnodmnog; • dsthjgtotos gm`ubgr (omgjgnoþm g bhs bgchs cd bg ahng) • qudobhsos (surgs dm dm bgs nhjosurgs cd bg ahng) • ngtgrgtgs • `bhsotos (omgjgnoþm cd bg bdm`ug)
^d rdquodrd MGC pgrg rdpgrgnoþm cd GCM phr buz(mgcg TV dm çrdgs cd cg÷gch podb dxpudstg qud vdr nhm db dstgch rdchx)
^êmthjgs, bgs > «cds¼; cdrjgtotos c cogrrdg djdmnog nhmcundm gb fgbbdnojodmth
Db çnoch monhtêmonh sd usg pgrg db trgtgjodmth cd gb`umgs eopdrbopdjogs phrqud omeoad bg bopþbosos, prhcunodmch umg cosjomunoþm cd bg sêmtdsos cd VBCB (v. ngp. 3)
Mognomg h çnoch monhtêmonh OMQ
70 j`/cêg pgrg bhs ehjards y 7> j`/cêg pgrg bgs jukdrds.
dbojomgrsd cdb jgêz trgtçmchbg nhm çbngbos (bhs jdxongmhs jhkgm db jgêz dm zujh cd bojg pgrg boadrgr bg mognomg). Bg pdbg`rg (`. (`. 5.10) 5.10) tgjaoïm pudcd
Ndrdgbds omtd`rgbds, ngrmd, pdsngch y db gjomhçnoch troptþfgmh.
prdsdmtgrsd dm sotugnohmds dm bgs qud sd jdtgahbozgm `rgmcds ngmtocgcds cd troptþfgmh, nhjh sundcd dm db sêmcrhjd ngrnomhocd, qud tgjaoïm ds umg dmfdrjdcgc phnh frdnudmtd.
^êmtdsos cd mognomg g pgrtor cdb troptþfgmh
Ngusgs
Fudmtds
Bg sêmtdsos cd mognomg g pgrtor cdb troptþfgmh ds um prhndsh juy omdngz; sd mdndsotgm egstg 69 j` cd troptþfgmh pgrg fgarongr 7 j` cd mognomg. Bg sêmtdsos rdquodrd togjomg, roahfigvomg y porochxomg nhjh nhfgnthrds y sþbh sd prhcund umg vdz qud sd egm nuaodrth bgs mdndsocgcds cd sêmtdsos cd prhtdêmgs. Dsth so`mong, dm tdhrêg, qud db cïnot cd mognomg pudcd trgtgrsd nhm umg codtg rong dm prhtdêmgs, ¡pdrh sd mdndsotgrêgm ngmtocgcds om`dmtds!
Bgs ngusgs cd bg pdbg`rg shm; • •
•
Cïnot codtïtonh cd mognomg. Cïnot cd prhtdêmgs (yg qud bg mognomg sd fhrjg g pgrtor cdb troptþfgmh). Cïnot cd votgjomg A6 y cdb fhsfgth cd porochxgb (ïstd ds um nhfgnthr pgrg bg sêmtdsos cd mognomg g pgrtor cd troptþfgmh).
Fhrjgs gntovgs
Fo`. 5.10 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y sêmthjgs cd bg pdbg`rg
MGC y MGCY.
Ng Ngrg rgntd ntdrês rêsto tong ngss nbêmo nbêmong ngss
^ê ^êmt mthj hjgs gs
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog
> «cds¼; Cdrjgtotos; cïnot cd MGC, omeoad bg rdpgrgnoþm cdb GCM cd bg podb cg÷gcg phr db shb (`. 5.70)
Gpgrdnd dxgmtdjg nutçmdh sojïtronh fhthsdmsoabd gb dxphmdr bg podb g bg buz shbgr; • bg podb sd pudcd pudcd g`rodtgr y ubndrgr • dm db nudbbh nudbbh bg dxtdmsoþm dxtdmsoþm cdpdmcd cdb çrdg cd podb dxpudstg
Cogrrdg
Sgjaoïm pudcdm gpgrdndr `bhsot `bhsotos os y dsthjgtotos gm`ubgr
Dm bg `urg 5.16 5.16 pudcdm vdrsd bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot.
Ydbg`rg; dmfdrjdcgc cd bg podb, cdb tuah co`dstovh y cdb sostdjg mdrvohsh ndmtrgb Omnocdmnog
Bg pdbg`rg ds rgrg< gpgrdnd dm çrdgs chmcd db jgêz ds bg codtg açsong. Ehy dmDb cêg sþbh sd hasdrvg dm gb`umgs pgrtds cd Çfrong. jgêz nhmtodmd mognomg dm umg fhrjg, bg mognotomg, cd bg qud mh sd pudcd cosphmdr aohbþ`ongjdmtd. Bg mognomg sþbh pudcd 763
Cdjdmnog
Dm bg dmfdrjdcgc nrþmong sd prdsdmtg cdjdmnog, qud sudbd sdr orrdvdrsoabd< pudcd cdsgrrhbbgrsd tdjabhr y dmndfgbhpgtêg
5
Votgjomgs
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Dmfdrjdcgc cd Egrtmup; omngpgnocgc pgrg gashradr db troptþfgmh cd bg codtg (`. ( `. 4.1?). 4.1?). Db trgtgjodmth nhmtrg bg tuadrnubhsos nhm oshmogzocg omeoad bg votgjomg A 6, prhcunodmch umg cosjomunoþm dm bg sêmtdsos cd troptþfgmh.
Fo`. 5.15 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cd bg cdnodmnog cd votgjomg A6 Fumnohmds
• Db porochxgb fhsfgth ds umg nhdmzojg cd junegs dmzojgs; • Dm db jdtgahbosjh cd bhs gjomhçnochs; gjomhtrgmsfdrgsg y sdromg cdseocrgtgsg
Cog`mþstonh Db cog`mþstonh sd egnd phr cdtdrjomgnoþm cd mognomg h cd sus jdtgahboths (M-jdtobmonhtomgjocg h 1-porochmg) dm bg hromg.
• Dm bg sêmtdsos cdb edjh, GBG somtgsg (ngtgbozg db pgsh bojotgmtd)
Srgtgjodmth Cgch qud bg mognomg pudcd fhrjgrsd g pgrtor cdb troptþfgmh, db trgtgjodmth nhjprdmcd; • •
• Nhmvdrsoþm cd troptþfgmh dm mognomg • Ygpdb omcordnth dm bg sêmtdsos cd sdrhthmomg y mhrgcrdmgbomg, yg qud cdrovgm cd gjomhçnochs
Bhs ngshs bdvds shm rdvdrsoabds< bg cdjdmnog mh sudbd sdrbh y pudcd gngagr dm bg judrtd.
Tmg om`dstoþm dbdvgcg gbtdrg bg fumnoþm edpçtong, bg thbdrgmnog eocrhngrahmgcg y db jdtgahbosjh cdb urgth. Jçs cd 199 j`/cêg prhvhngrçm vgshcobgtgnoþm y shfhnhs.
Votgjomg A6 Bg votgjomg A6 dxostd dm trds fhrjgs; porochxomg, porochxgb y porochxgjomg.
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
bg cdnodmnog projgrog ds juy rgrg ↑
jdtgahbosjh gmþjgbh cd bhs gjomhçnochs ↑
↑ gmdjog eophnrþjong, jonrhnêtong
• @bunþ`dmh fhsfhrobgsg
^upbdjdmths cd mognomg g chsos dbdvgcgs. Codtg rong dm prhtdêmgs.
Shxonocgc
Cdnodmnog
• •
pdbg`rg sdnumcgrog
↑
nhmvubsohmds y cdprdsoþm ↑
Jukdrds qud thjgm gmtonhmndptovhs hrgbds. Ygnodmtds trgtgchs nhm oshmogzocg pgrg bg tuadrnubhsos.
Bg oshmogzocg sd bo`g gb fhsfgth cd porochxgb pgrg fhrjgr um cdrovgch omgntovh, eocrgzhmg, qud sd dxnrdtg rçpocgjdmtd, prhcunodmch db cïnot.
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs Ngrgntdrêstongs Bgs promnopgbds ngrgntdrêstongs shm; Gmdjog jonrhnêtong eophnrþjong. Ydbg`rg sdnumcgrog. Nhmvubsohmds y cdprdsoþm.
OMQ 7,3 j`/cêg pgrg bhs ehjards e hjards y 7,1 j`/cêg pgrg bgs jukdrds.
•
Fudmtds
Srgtgjodmth
Ndrdgbds omtd`rgbds (tro`h h jgêz), ngrmd, pdsngch y gvds.
Shchs bhs pgnodmtds trgtgchs nhm oshmogzocg rdnoadm Shchs supbdjdmths cd votgjomg A6.
Fhrjg gntovg Bgs trds fhrjgs pudcdm nhmvdrtorsd dm bg nhdmzojg fhsfgth cd porochxgb (YBY).
Shxonocgc
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog Dm bg `urg 5.15 5.15 sd judstrgm bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot cd votgjomg A6.
Cïnot cd porochxomg
• •
Bg thxonocgc ds rgrg< cd edneh, bg votgjomg A6 sd utobozg dm db trgtgjodmth cd bg tdmsoþm prdjdmstrugb. ^om djagr`h, sd eg gshnogch db dxndsh nhm db cdsgrrhbbh cd mdurhpgtêg sdmsotovg.
Çnoch pgmthtïmonh
Fudmtds Ngusgs Tm cïnot codtïtonh ds dxtrdjgcgjdmtd rgrh, pdrh Bg jgyhrêg cd bhs gbojdmths, dspdnogbjdmtd bhs eud vhs, db eê`gch y bgs bdvgcurgs. pudcd vdrsd dm; • •
Qdnoïm mgnochs gbojdmtgchs nhm bdned grtonogb. Ydrshmgs jgyhrds y gbnheþbonhs.
Fhrjg gntovg Nhjphmdmtd cd bg nhdmzojg G (v. ngp. 1). 1).
764 764
Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.1? Fumnohmds y dfdnths cd bg cdnodmnog cdb çnoch pgmthtïmonh Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Nhjh nhdmzojg G dstç ojpbongch dm bg trgmsfdrdmnog t rgmsfdrdmnog cd `ruphs gnobh nhjh, p. dk., gndtob NhG, sunnomob NhG,
Juy rgrg< ngusg db «sêmcrhjd cd bhs pods grcodmtds¼
gnobh `rgsh NhG Sgjaoïm ds um nhjphmdmtd cd bg çnoch `rgsh somtgsg; prhtdêmg trgmsphrtgchrg cdb gnobh (v. ngp. 3)
Mhtg; db cïnot dm bgs rgtgs ngusg cdspo`jdmtgnoþm cd bg podb, qud sd vudbvd `ros. ^u dxndsh mh ds tþxonh
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog Bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds cd um cïnot cd çnoch pgmthtïmonh sd pudcdm vdr dm bg `urg 5.1?. 5.1?. Db dxndsh cd çnoch pgmthtïmonh mh ds tþxonh.
Fo`. 5.>7 Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog cd bg aohtomg Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Ds um trgmsphrtgchr gntovgch cd NH1
Juy rgrg nhm umg codtg mhrjgb< pudcd prhcunor cdrjgtotos
Ds umg nhdmzojg pgrg; • bg poruvgth ng ngrahxobgsg rahxobgsg dm
Yudcd sdr omcunocg phr;
bg `bunhmdh`ïmdsos `bunhmdh`ï mdsos (v. ngp. 4) • bg gndtob NhG ngrahxobgsg dm bg sêmtdsos cd çnochs `rgshs (v. ngp. 3) • bg prhpohmob NhG ngrahxobgsg dm bg a-hxocgnoþm cd çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg ojpgr (v. `. 5.>>) • jdtgahbosjh cd bhs gjomhçnochs cd ngcdmg rgjongcg
• nhjdr junegs jun egs nbgrgs cd eudvh nrucgs, qud nhmtodmdm bg `bunhprhtdêmg gvocomg qud sd bo`g g bg aohtomg dm db omtdstomh, ojpocodmch su gashrnoþm • db trgtgjodmth g bgr`h bgr`h pbgzh nhm gmtoaoþtonhs, qud jgtg bgs agntdrogs omtdstomgbds
Aohtomg
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog
Fudmtds Bg jgyhrêg cd bhs gbojdmths, dspdnogbjdmtd bg ydjg cd eudvh, bhs jdmucobbhs, bgs bdvgcurgs y bgs mudnds. Tmg ngmtocgc so`mongtovg ds somtdtozgcg phr bgs agntdrogs dm db omtdstomh.
5.>7 5.> 7 sd bgs cd fumnohmds Dm bg `urg tgnohmds nbêmongs cdbnotgm cïnot aohtomg.y bgs jgmofds-
Fhrjg gntovg Nhjh nhdmzojg dm rdgnnohmds cd ngrahxobgnoþm< bg aohtomg sd bo`g g rdsocuhs cd bosomg dm bgs dmzojgs ngrahxobgsgs (`. (`. 5.>9). 5.>9).
Votgjomg A71; nhagbgjomg OMQ 7,4 j`/cêg. Fudmtds ^þbh fudmtds gmojgbds; eê`gch, ngrmd, prhcunths bçntdhs< phr tgmth, bhs vd`dtgrogmhs dstronths dstçm dm rods`h cd cïnot. Fhrjg gntovg Chs fhrjgs gntovgs; cdshxogcdmhsobnhagbgjomg y jdtobnhagbgjomg.
Gashrnoþm y trgmsphrtd Bg gashrnoþm y trgmsphrtd cd bg votgjomg A 71 todmd bu`gr dm vgrohs pgshs (bhs mûjdrhs sd rddrdm g bhs cd bg `. 5.>1); 5.>1); 7. Bg votgjomg A71, boadrgcg cd bhs gbojdmths dm db dstþjg`h, sd bo`g g um trgmsphrtgchr `bunhprhtdonh, db fgnthr omtrêmsdnh, prhcunoch phr bgs nïbubgs pgrodtgbds `çstrongs. 1. Db nhjpbdkh A71 fgnthr omtrêmsdnh sd bo`g g bhs rdndpthrds cd bgs nïbubgs junhsgs cdb êbdhm tdrjomgb. >. Bg A71 ds gashraocg y trgmsphrtgcg g bhs tdkochs,
Fo`. 5.>9 Aohtomg. Nhdmzojg pgrg bgs rdgnnohmds rdgnnohmds cd ngrahxobgnoþ ngrahxobgnoþm, m, bg aohtomg sd bo`g g um rdsocuh bosomg dm bgs dmzojgs ngrahxobgsgs.
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umocg g bg trgmsnhagbgjomg OO. Db hr`gmosjh gbjgndmg umhs 1-> j` cd A71, promnopgbjdmtd dm db eê`gch< dstg ngmtocgc ds rdbgtovgjdmtd `rgmcd, dm nhjpgrgnoþm nhm su rdqudrojodmth cogroh.
Votgjomgs 5
Fo`. 5.>1 Gashrnoþm y trgmsphrtd cd bg votgjomg A71. (Bhs mûjdrhs sd rddrdm g bhs cdb tdxth.)
Fumnohmds Bg votgjomg A71 ds um trgmsphrtgchr cd `ruphs jdtobh. Ds bg nhdmzojg pgrg chs dmzojgs; •
•
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
Bg jdtobjgbhmob NhG jutgsg, nhjh cdshxogcdmhsobnhagbgjomg, pgrg gsostor dm bg cd`rgcgnoþm cd çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg ojpgr (`. 5.>>). 5.>>). Bg ehjhnostdêmg jdtobtrgmsfdrgsg, nhjh jdtobnhagbgjomg, pgrg gsostor dm bg sêmtdsos cd jdtohmomg. Dstg rdgnnoþm tgjaoïm nhmtrgrrdstg db gtrgpgjodmth cd jdtobfhbgth, rd`dmdrgmch tdtrgeocrhfhbgth (SEF) g pgrtor cdb jdtob-SEF (nhjdmtgch jçs gcdbgmtd, nhm db fhbgth).
Cdnodmnog y thxonocgc ^d gbjgndmg umg ngmtocgc so`mongtovg cd votgjomg A71, phr bh qud bhs sêmthjgs cd cïnot tgrcgm chs g÷hs dm cdsgrrhbbgrsd. Coneh cïnot pudcd ngusgr, promnopgbjdmtd, chs prhabdjgs; •
Bg gnujubgnoþm cd çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg ojpgr gmþjgbhs, qud pudcdm omnhrphrgrsd g bgs jdjargmgs ndbubgrds cd bhs mdrvohs, bh
Fo`. 5.>> a-hxocgnoþm cd çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg ojpgr. Bg A71 trgmsphrtg `ruphs jdtobh. Ds bg nhdmzojg cd bg jdtobjgbhmob NhG jutgsg, qud bg gsostd dm bg cd`rgcgnoþm cd bhs çnochs `rgshs cd ngcdmg ojpgr.
qud cg bu`gr g sêmthjgs mdurhbþ`onhs, sêmtdsos omgcdnugcg cd jodbomg y cd`dmdrgnoþm mdrvohsg. •
Cïnot cd fhbgth «grtonogb¼ sdnumcgroh, cgch . qud db fhbgth qudcg «gtrgpgch¼ nhjh jdtob-SEF. jdtob-SEF Dsth prhcund umg cosjomunoþm cd bg sêmtdsos cd munbdþtochs, nhm bh qud rdsubtg gmdjog 6). ). jd`gbhabçstong (v. ngp. 6
Bg cd`dmdrgnoþm suag`ucg nhjaomgcg cd bg jïcubg dspomgb ds um trgsthrmh jdtgaþbonh nbçsonh ngusgch phr cdnodmnog cd votgjomg A71. ^d ngrgntdrozg phr bg pïrcocg sojïtrong cd bgs nhbujmgs phstdrohrds, qud ngusg jgrneg gtçxong, so`mhs sojïtronhs cd bg mdurhmg jhthrg supdrohr dm bgs dxtrdjocgcds dxtrdjocgc ds omfdrohrds nhm gusdmnog cd rddkhs, mdurhpgtêg mdurhpgt êg sdmsotovg pdrofïrong, gtrhg þptong y cdjdmnog. Db trgtgjodmth nhmsostd dm omydnnohmds omtrgjusnubgrds cd eocrhxonhagbgjomg.
760 760
Mutronoþm
Bg ngusg jçs nhjûm cd cïnot cd votgjomg A71 ds bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg, dmfdrjdcgc guthomjumd chmcd sd prhcundm gmtonudrphs nhmtrg db fgnthr omtrêmsdnh.
Ngusgs cd bg cdnodmnog Om`dstoþm rdcunocg, nhjh sundcd nhm bhs vd`dtgrogmhs dstronths, yg qud bg votgjomg A71 sþbh sd dmnudmtrg dm gbojdmths cd hro`dm gmojgb. Gashrnoþm rdcunocg, ngusgcg phr; •
•
•
•
Fgbtg cdb fgnthr omtrêmsdnh (p. dk., dm bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg). Dmfdrjdcgcds cdb êbdhm tdrjomgb, qud ds db bu`gr cd gashrnoþm cd bg votgjomg (p. dk., dmfdrjdcgc cd Nrhem h tuadrnubhsos). Cdrovgnoþm cd bg zhmg cd gashrnoþm cd bg A 71 (p. dk., fêstubgs h rdsdnnohmds quorûr`ongs cdb omtdstomh). ^êmcrhjd cdb gsg nod`g; bhs pgrçsoths nhjpotdm phr bg A71.
Bhs cdpþsoths nhrphrgbds (shard thch dm db eê`gch) shm rdbgtovgjdmtd `rgmcds pgrg bhs rdqudrojodmths cogrohs, phr bh qud sþbh bg rdcunnoþm cd bg om`dstoþm tgrcg umhs 1-> g÷hs dm prhcunor cdnodmnog.
Gmdjog pdrmonohsg Bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg ds bg ngusg jçs frdnudmtd cdb cïnot cd votgjomg A71.
Omnocdmnog Ds jgyhr dm jukdrds cd dcgc gvgmzgcg y sd gshnog g jdmuch nhm pdrshmgs cd ngadbbh nbgrh y hkhs gzubds, y tgjaoïm nhm bg prdsdmnog cd htrgs dmfdrjdcgcds guthomjumds (p. dk., dmfdrjdcgc torhocdg y dmfdrjdcgc cd Gccoshm).
Ygth`dmog Ds umg dmfdrjdcgc guthomjumd dm bg qud bhs gmtonudrphs sd coro`dm nhmtrg; •
•
Bgs nïbubgs pgrodtgbds `çstrongs, prhcunodmch gtrhg h pïrcocg cd bgs nïbubgs, ojpocodmch gsê bg prhcunnoþm cdb fgnthr omtrêmsdnh y cd bhs çnochs cdb dstþjg`h (`. (`. 5.>3g). 5.>3g). Db prhpoh fgnthr omtrêmsdnh (`. ( `. 5.>3a)< 5.>3a)< bhs gmtonudrphs sd bo`gm gb fgnthr omtrêmsdnh, dvotgmch qud ïstd sd umg g bg votgjomg A 71 (gmtonudrphs abhqudgmtds) h g bhs rdndpthrds dm db êbdhm tdrjomgb (gmtonudrphs cd bg umoþm). Bg fgbtg cd fgnthr omtrêmsdnh `dmdrg umg jdmhr ngptgnoþm cd votgjomg votgjo mg A71. Dm bg `urg 5.>4 sd 5.>4 sd nhjdmtgm bgs ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs cd bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg.
765
Fo`. 5.>3g Gmtonudrphs dm bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg. 7. Dm bgs pdrshmgs sgmgs, bg votgjomg A71 boadrgcg cd bhs gbojdmths dm db dstþjg`h sd bo`g gb fgnthr omtrêmsdnh (FO) prhcunoch phr bgs
nïbubgs pgrodtgbds `çstrongs. 1. Dm bhs omcovocuhs nhm gmdjog pdrmonohsg, bhs gmtonudrphs gmtonïbubgs pgrodtgbds `çstrongs ngusgm umg pïrcocg cd bgs nïbubgs, dvotgmch gsê bg prhcunnoþm cd fgnthr omtrêmsdnh phr bgs josjgs. Yhr tgmth, bg votgjomg A71 mh sd gashrad y sd prhcund cdnodmnog cd bg josjg.
Cog`mþstonh Db cog`mþstonh sd rdgbozg phr jdcoh cdb gmçbosos cd bgs judstrgs cd sgm`rd y cd jïcubg þsdg, y jdcogmtd bg prudag cd ^neobbom`, qud jocd bg gashrnoþm cd bg votgjomg A71; • •
•
^d gcjomostrg A71 rgcogntovg phr vêg hrgb. ^d rdnh`d hromg cd 13 ehrgs pgrg jdcor db phrndmtgkd cd votgjomg A71 rgcogntovg dxnrdtgcg phr bg hromg. ^o db pgnodmtd ds cdnotgroh dm votgjomg A 71, sd dxnrdtgrç jdmhs cdb 79% phrqud coneg votgjomg
Votgjomgs 5
Fo`. 5.>4 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y jdngmosjh cd bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg Ngrgntdrêstongs nb n bêmongs
Jdngmosjh
Gmdjog jd`gbhabçstong
Db cïnot cd A71 prhcund cïnot sdnumcgroh cd fhbgth, qud cg bu`gr g umg jdmhr prhcunnoþm cd GCM y g umg covosoþm ndbubgr cdfdntuhsg
^gm`rd pdrofïrong; jgnrhnoths (VNJ =799 ) Jïcubg þsdg; jd`gbhabgsths (nïbubgs cd bg sdrod rhkg dm cdsgrrhbbh dm bgs qud bhs mûnbdhs jgcurgm jçs bdmtgjdmtd qud db nothpbgsjg) Gmhjgbêgs mdurhbþ`ongs
Fo`. 5.>3a Gmtonudrphs gmtofgnthr omtrêmsdnh. omtrêmsdnh. Db fgnthr omtrêmsdnh nhmtodmd chs pumths cd umoþm, umh pgrg bg votgjomg A71 y htrh pgrg bhs rdndpthrds obdgbds dm db êbdhm tdrjomgb, su zhmg cd gashrnoþm. Dm bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg, bhs gmtonudrphs prhcunochs pudcdm bo`grsd g nugbquodrg cd dsths chs sotohs h g gjahs.
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h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
dstgrç usçmchsd pgrg rdbbdmgr bhs cdpþsoths g`htgchs. ^o db rdsubtgch ds gmþjgbh, sd rdpotd bg prudag nhm bg gconoþm cdb fgnthr omtrêmsdnh. ^o dmthmnds bg dxnrdnoþm ds mhrjgb, db cog`mþstonh ds cd gmdjog pdrmonohsg.
Mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong qud gfdntg g bgs mdurhmgs sdmsotovgs cd bgs nhbujmgs phstdrohr y bgtdrgb cd bg jïcubg dspomgb< prhcund cd`dmdrgnoþm nhjaomgcg suag`ucg cd bg jïcubg dspomgb
^d cdsnhmhnd bg pgth`dmog cdb cg÷h cdb ^MN< sd eg rdbgnohmgch nhm bg gbtdrgnoþm cdb jdtgahbosjh cd bhs gjomhçnochs y cd bhs çnochs `rgshs cdb ^MN
Nh Nhbh bhrr gjgr gjgrob obbh bh bojþ bojþm m
Nhja jaoomgn mgnoþm oþ m cbg d ontd on tdro ronnog prhcunocg phr bosos drotrhnotgrog y cd pgbocdz cdrovgcg cd bg gmdjog
@bhsotos, cogrrdg y pïrcocg cd pdsh Gtrhg `çstrong y gnbhreocrog (↞ prhcunnoþm cd çnoch nbhreêcronh)
Gmtonudrphs gmtonïbubgs pgrodtgbds `çstrongs
Fhrjg gntovg 4,6,0,5-SEF,, ojpbongcg dm bg trgmsfdrdmnog 4,6,0,5-SEF t rgmsfdrdmnog cd umocgcds jhmhngrahmgcgs (v. ngp. 6 6). ). Gashrnoþm y gbjgndmgjodmth Db fhbgth sd gashrad dm db cuhcdmh y dm db ydyumh. ^d gbjgndmgm umhs 79 j` cd fhbgth, promnopgbjdmtd dm db eê`gch.
Srgtgjodmth Db trgtgjodmth sd rdgbozg nhm omydnnohmds omtrgjusnubgrds cd eocrhxonhagbgjomg cd phr vocg. Omonogbjdmtd shm jçs frdnudmtds, g dfdnths cd bbdmgr Ygpdb cdb fhbgth y cd bg votgjomg A71 Shcgs bgs umocgcds jhmhngrahmgcgs cd SEF shm cdpþsoths. Bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg nhmbbdvg um rods`h Shcgs 4 bo`drgjdmtd jgyhr cd pgcdndr nçmndr cd dstþjg`h. omtdrnhmvdrtoabds, dxndpth db M -jdtob-SEF< db SEF mh pudcd boadrgrsd cd ïb y qudcg gtrgpgch, fhrjgmBg thxonocgc cd bg votgjomg A71 ds agkg. ch bg «trgjpg cdb jdtob-fhbgth¼ (v. ngp. 6). 6). Bg ûmong jgmdrg cd rdfhrjgr SEF ds jdcogmtd bg Fhbgth sêmtdsos cd jdtohmomg cdpdmcodmtd cd bg votgjomg A71; bg vêg cd rdnupdrgnoþm cd bg jdtohmomg (`. (`. 5.>6). 5.>6). OMQ 199 j`/cêg.
Fudmtds Vd`dtgbds Vd`dtgbds vdrcds, eê`gch, ndrdgbds omtd`rgbds.
Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog 5.>0 sd sd notgm bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdsDm bg `urg 5.>0 tgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot cd fhbgth.
76? 76?
Mutronoþm
shard thch so sd gshnog nhm um pdrêhch cd nrdnojodmth rçpoch.
Ngusgs Jdmhr om`dstoþm; bg ngusg jçs frdnudmtd ds umg jgbg codtg (p. dk., pdrshmgs nhm rd`êjdmds cd gcdb`gzgjodmth, gmnogmhs y gbnheþbonhs). Gujdmth cd bhs rdqudrojodmths; curgmtd pdrêhchs cd nrdnojodmth ndbubgr rçpoch, nhjh sundcd dm; Djagrgzh, omfgmnog h gchbdsndmnog. Nçmndr, dmfdrjdcgcds omfigjgthrogs h rdnupdrgnoþm cd umg dmfdrjdcgc. Gmdjogs edjhbêtongs. Jgbgashrnoþm; dm bg dmfdrjdcgc ndbêgng h dm bg rdsdnnoþm omtdstomgb. Fçrjgnhs; Gmtonhmvubsovgmtds (p. dk., bg fdmothêmg y bg fdmhagraothmg); ojpocdm bg gashrnoþm. Omeoaochrds cd bg coeocrhfhbgth rdcuntgsg (p. dk., db jdthtrdxgth). •
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Fo`. 5.>6 Ygpdb cdb fhbgth y cd cd bg A71. Bg ûmong jgmdrg cd vhbvdr g fhrjgr tdtrgeocrhfhbgth ds phr bg vêg cd bg sêmtdsos cd jdtohmomg cdpdmcodmtd cd bg votgjomg A 71; bg vêg cd rdnupdrgnoþm cd bg jdtohmomg.
Fo`. 5.>0 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cdb cïnot cd fhbgth Fumnohmds ^êmtdsos cd; • gjomhçnochs< p. dk., `bonomg y jdtohmomg • puromgs, GJY y @JY (v. ngp. 6) • tojocomg (v. ngp. 6)
Cdnodmnog Gmdjog jd`gbhabçstong; • bg cosjomunoþm cd puromgs y porojocomgs cg bu`gr g umg cosjomunoþm cd bg sêmtdsos cd çnochs munbdonhs y cd bg covosoþm ndbubgr • gpgrdnd promnopgbjdmtd promnopgbjdmtd dm nïbubgs qud sd covocdm rçpocgjdmtd r çpocgjdmtd nhjh, p. dk., jïcubg þsdg d omtdstomh • sd dmnudmtrgm prdsdmtds `bþaubhs `bþaubhs rhkhs `rgmcds d omjgcurhs
Cïnot cd fhbgth Bgs rdsdrvgs cd fhbgth shm pdqud÷gs dm rdbgnoþm nhm bhs rdqudrojodmths cogrohs, phr bh qud pudcd dstgabdndrsd umg sotugnoþm cdnotgrog dm umhs jdsds,
709
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Jdcongjdmths nhmtrg bg jgbgrog (p. dk., bg porojdtgjomg). ^dnumcgroh g cïnot cd A 71; bg votgjomg A71 ds dsdmnogb pgrg jgmtdmdr um gphrtd gcdnugch cd bg fhrjg gntovg cdb fhbgth, ds cdnor, db 4,6,0,5-tdtrgeocrhfhbgth. Qd`dmdrg db SEF cdb M4-jdtob-SEF dm bg vêg cd rdnupdrgnoþm cd bg jdtohmomg (`. 6.>). Gumqud bg ngmtocgc cd fhbgth cd bg codtg sdg gcdnugcg, dm gusdmnog cd votgjomg A71 sd prdsdmtg um cïnot cd fhbgth.
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y cog`mþstonh cdb cïnot cd fhbgth Dm bg `urg 5.>5 sd 5.>5 sd hfrdndm bgs ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y db cog`mþstonh cdb cïnot cd fhbgth. Srgtgjodmth Db trgtgjodmth sd agsg dm supbdjdmths hrgbds cd fhbgth thjgchs cogrogjdmtd. Cïnot cd fhbgth dm db djagrgzh Db cdsgrrhbbh cdb tuah mdurgb cdb fdth cdpdmcd cd bg prdsdmnog cd fhbgth. Shcgs bgs jukdrds djagrgzgcgs cdadrêgm thjgr supbdjdmths prhbçntonhs cd fhbgth pgrg rdcunor db rods`h cd cdfdnths cdb tuah mdurgb, nhjh dspomg aêcg h gmdmndfgbog. Db pdrêhch nrêtonh todmd bu`gr phngs sdjgmgs cdspuïs cd bg nhmndpnoþm; phr tgmth, bgs jukdrds cdadrêgm nhjdmzgr nhm bhs supbdjdmths gmtds cd bg nhmndpnoþm pgrg nuaror dstd pdrêhch. Tmg jukdr qud yg eg tdmoch um adaï nhm um cdfdnth cdb tuah mdurgb todmd gbrdcdchr cd
5
Votgjomgs
Fo`. 5.>5 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y cog`mþstonh cdb cïnot cd fhbgth Ngrg rgnt ntd drê rêst ston ongs gs nb nbêm êmon ong gs
Cog Cog`m `mþs þsto tonh nh
Gmdjog jd`gbhabçstong; ds ocïmtong g bg cdb cïnot cd votgjomg A71 (v. `. 5.>4)
^gm`rd pdrofïrong; jgnrhnoths (VNJ =799 ) Jd`gbhabgsths dm jïcubg þsdg
Fgbtg cd nrdnojodmth
Fhbgth sïronh agkh Db fhbgth cd bhs `bþaubhs rhkhs ds bg jdkhr prudag cd bhs cdpþsoths cd dstd fhbgth mhrjgb 4 7>4-049 j`/jb
Mhtg; bg mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong y bhs sêmthjgs mdurhbþ`onhs mh sd hasdrvgm dm db cïnot cd fhbgth
^odjprd sd cdadm nhmsocdrgr y cdsngrtgr db cïnot cd votgjomg A71 y bg dxostdmnog cd mdhpbgsogs
qud egyg cïnot cd A71, phrqud pudcd prdnopotgr umg mdurhpgtêg pdrofïrong orrdvdrsoabd. orrdvdrsoabd.
Votgjomg N; gsnhragth OMQ 39 j`/cêg. Fudmtds Nêtronhs, thjgtds, agygs y vd`dtgbds vdrcds. Fhrjg gntovg Gsnhragth. Fumnohmds y cdnodmnog Dm bg `urg 5.39 5.39 pudcdm vdrsd bgs fumnohmds y bgs jgmofdstgnohmds nbêmongs cdb cïnot cd gsnhragth.
Cïnot cd votgjomg N; dsnhrauth um 7;19 cd rods`h cd tdmdr um sd`umch adaï gfdntgch< sd eg cdjhstrgch qud bg gcjomostrgnoþm cd supbdjdmths cd fhbgth rdcund dsd rods`h.
Nhjpgrgnoþm cd bgs cdnodmnogs cd fhbgth y cd votgjomg A71 Dm bg `urg 5.>? 5.>? sd nhjpgrgm conegs cdnodmnogs. Tm cïnot cd nugbquodrg cd gjahs pudcd prhcunor gmdjog jgnrhnêtong jd`gbhabçstong. Dm pgnodmtds dm bhs qud sd shspdneg gb`umg cd dstgs cdnodmnogs sodjprd egy qud omvdsto`gr bg phsoaobocgc cd um cïnot cd nugbquodrg cd gjags votgjomgs, yg qud bg gcjomostrgnoþm cd fhbgth nhrro`d bg gmdjog, pdrh dmjgsngrg db cïnot cd A71. Yhr tgmth, mumng sd cdad gcjomostrgr fhbgth shbh dm db trgtgjodmth cd bg gmdjog pdrmonohsg y dm htrgs sotugnohmds dm bgs Fo`. 5.>? Nhjpgrgnoþm cd bhs cïnots cd votgjomg A71 y cd fhbgth< promnopgbds cofdrdmnogs h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
Ng Ngrg rgnt ntdr drês êsto tong ngss
Vot otgj gjom omg g A 71
Fhbgth
Ngusg jçs frdnudmtd
Gmdjog pdrmonohsg
↞ om`dstoþm codtïtong
Bdmth, 1-> g÷hs
^d cdsgrrhbbg dm sdjgmgs
^êmthjgs mdurhbþ`onhs
Frdnudmtd + `rgvd
Mumng
Qdbgnoþm nhm fçrjgnhs
Mh; db cïnot cd votgjomg A71 sudbd `dmdrgr cïnot sdnumcgroh cd fhbgth
^ê; gmtonhmvubsovgmtds, omeoaochrds cd bg coeocrhfhbgth rdcuntgsg
Yromnopoh
Db cïnot cd fhbgth sd cdad g jdmuch g ↞ om`dstoþm h ↗ cdjgmcg cdb josjh
Dm db pgsgch, dstg dmfdrjdcgc drg frdnudmtd dmtrd bhs jgromdrhs qud pgsgagm sdjgmgs dm gbtg jgr som om`dror frutgs mo vdrcurgs frdsngs.
Ngusgs Db dsnhrauth sd cdad g umg om`dstoþm codtïtong dsngsg cd frutgs y vdrcurgs frdsngs. Dm db Qdomh Tmoch sd hasdrvg dm gmnogmhs, gbnheþbonhs y fujgchrds. Bhs fujgchrds rdquodrdm db chabd cd bg om`dstoþm mhrjgb cd votgjomg N (59 j`/cêg). Bhs sdrds eujgmhs
Fo`. 5.39 Fumnohmds y dfdnths cd bg cdnodmnog cdb gsnhragth Fumnohmds
Cdnodmnog
Nhdmzojg dm rdgnnohmds cd eocrhxobgnoþm; • prhbomg y bosomg eocrhxobgsgs dm bg sêmtdsos cd nhbç`dmh • chpgjomg a-eocrhxobgsg dm bg sêmtdsos cd gcrdmgbomg y mhrgcrdmgbomg
Dsnhrauth Bg jgyhrêg cd bhs sêmthjgs sd cdadm g bg cosjomunoþm cd bg fhrjgnoþm cd nhbç`dmh, qud prhcund umg jgbg fhrjgnoþm cd tdkoch nhmkumtovh y conubtgcds dm bg nongtrozgnoþm cd bgs edrocgs
Yhcdrhsh g`dmtd rdcunthr; • rdcund db Fd>+ codtïtonh g Fd1+ dm db omtdstomh, pdrjotodmch su gashrnoþm (phr tgmth, db cïnot pudcd hro`omgr umg gmdjog) Gmtohxocgmtd y «agsurdrh¼ cd rgcongbds boards; • omgntovg bhs rgcongbds cd hxê`dmh boards qud cg÷gm bgs jdjargmgs bopêcongs, bgs prhtdêmgs y db GCM • tgjaoïm prhtd`d prhtd`d g htrhs gmtohxocgmtds (votgjomgs G y D)
707 707
Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.37 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs cdb dsnhrauth Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs
Cog`mþstonh
• Dmnêgs eomnegcgs, chbhrocgs, dsphmkhsgs, edjhrrç`ongs< pïrcocg cd codmtds • Edjgthjgs dsphmtçmdhs
Gmdjog eophnrþjong jonrhnêtong ngusgcg phr cïnot sdnumcgroh cd eodrrh
ypdtdquogbds edjhrrg`ogs • Gmdjog • Jgbg nongtrozgnoþm nongtrozgnoþm cd bgs edrocgs • Grtonubgnohmds eomnegcgs y chbhr jusnubgr
pbgsjg (mh juy dxgnth)
Ygpdb cdb gsnhragth dm bgs rdgnnohmds cd eocrhxobgnoþm; bgs dmzojgs eocrhxobgsgs nhmtodmdm eodrrh, eodrrh, qud dxostd dm chs dstgchs cd hxocgnoþm; Fd>+, qud ds dstgabd d omgntovh, y Fd1+, rdcunoch y gntovh. Db gsnhragth ds mdndsgroh pgrg
Agkh movdb cd gsnhragth dm
jgmtdmdr db eodrrh dm su dstgch rdcunoch y gntovh (Fd1+).
Bg nhmndmtrgnoþm cd gsnhragth dm bhs bdunhnoths prhphrnohmg umg vgbhrgnoþm dxgntg cd bhs cdpþsoths tosubgrds cd gsnhragth
Bg jdkhr jgmdrg cd gprdmcdrsd dstd toph cd omfhrjgnoþm ds nh`dr um `rgm trhzh cd pgpdb y, pgrg ngcg votgjomg, egndr umg bostg nhm mgcg jçs qud bhs promnopgbds pumths notgchs gmtdrohrjdmtd. G bhs dxgjomgchrds bds dmngmtg prd`umtgr bgs dmfdrjdcgcds cdnotgrogs.
todmdm sunodmtds rdsdrvgs cd votgjomg N dm db hr`gmosjh pgrg 6 jdsds.
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs Dm bg `urg 5.37 sd 5.37 sd cdsnroadm bgs ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs cdb dsnhrauth. Srgtgjodmth Db trgtgjodmth cdb cïnot cd votgjomg N nhjprdmcd bg thjg cogrog cd 7 ` cd gsnhragth, gsê nhjh gaumcgmtd frutg y vdrcurgs frdsngs.
Bg eopþtdsos cd bg jd`gchsos Gb`umgs pdrshmgs nrddm qud `rgmcds chsos cd votgjomg N pudcdm nurgr junegs dmfdrjdcgcds, nhjh db ngtgrrh nhjûm y gb`umgs dmfdrjdcgcds omjumotgrogs, y qud gyucgm omnbush g prdvdmor db nçmndr y dstojubgm bg fdrtobocgc. Bhs admdnohs cd bgs `rgmcds chsos gûm mh sd nhmhndm y dstçm agkh rdvosoþm. ^d nrdd qud 7-3 `/cêg cdsêmthjgs votgjomg cd N pudcdm cosjomuor bg omtdmsocgc cd bhs bhs ngtgrrhs, pdrh mh rdcundm bg omnocdmnog cd bhs josjhs. ^om djagr`h, bg votgjomg N ds um gmtohxocgmtd y, kumth nhm bgs votgjomgs G y D, sd nrdd qud cosjomuyd cosjomuyd bg omnocdmnog cd ngrcohpgtêg osquïjong y cd gb`umhs nçmndrds jdcogmtd bg gnnoþm cd «agsurdrh¼ cd bhs rgcongbds boards, dvotgmch gsê db cg÷h hxocgtovh g bgs nïbubgs y g sus nhjphmdmtds. Dstd jdngmosjh thcgvêg mh sd eg nhmrjgch.
Shxonocgc
JOMDQGBD^
Nbgsongnoþm cd bhs jomdrgbds Egy 79> dbdjdmths nhmhnochs. Bhs hr`gmosjhs vovhs dstçm nhjpudsths fumcgjdmtgbjdmtd cd 77 77 cd dbbhs, g sgadr, ngrahmh, eocrþ`dmh, hxê`dmh, motrþ`dmh y bhs sodtd jomdrgbds promnopgbds; •
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Ngbnoh, fþsfhrh y jg`mdsoh, qud sd utobozgm fumcgjdmtgbjdmtd dm db eudsh. ^hcoh, phtgsoh y nbhrh, qud shm bhs dbdntrþboths promnopgbds prdsdmtds dm db bêquoch omtrgndbubgr y dxtrgndbubgr. Gzufrd, qud sd usg promnopgbjdmtd dm bhs gjomhçnochs.
Db OMQ ds jgyhr cd 799 j`/cêg pgrg pg rg ngcg umh cd dbbhs (nhm bg dxndpnoþm cdb gzufrd, pgrg db qud mh sd eg puabongch OMQ). Gcdjçs, egy gb jdmhs htrhs 71 dbdjdmths qud sd rdquodrdm dm bg codtg dm pdqud÷gs ngmtocgcds. ^d bds nhmhnd nhjh hbo`hdbdjdmths dsdmnogbds, sodmch db OMQ cd jdmhs cd 799 j`/cêg; eodrrh, zomn, nhard, nhagbth, yhch, nrhjh, jgm`gmdsh, jhboacdmh, sdbdmoh, vgmgcoh, mêqudb y sobonoh.
Tmg om`dstoþm dbdvgcg cd votgjomg N pudcd prhcunor nçbnubhs rdmgbds, cogrrdg y tgjaoïm pudcd ngusgr um gnhmconohmgjodmth sostïjonh, ds cdnor, bhs rdqudrojodmths gujdmtgm gb gcgptgrsd db hr`gmosjh g jdtgahbozgr jçs.
701
Ngbnoh Db ngbnoh ds db jomdrgb jçs gaumcgmtd dm db nudrph eujgmh. Dm um gcubth cd 09 l` cd pdsh jdcoh egy
Jomdrgbds 5
umhs 7,1 l` cd ngbnoh, cdb nugb db ??% dstç dm bhs eudshs.
OMQ Db OMQ cdb ngbnoh ds cd 099 j`/cêg< ds jgyhr curgmtd db nrdnojodmth, djagrgzh, bgntgmnog y trgs bg jdmhpgusog.
Cïnot cd ngbnoh Dm bhs mo÷hs db cïnot cd ngbnoh prhcund rgquotosjh< dm bhs gcubths ngusg hstdhjgbgnog. Gjags dmfdrjdcgcds pudcdm cdadrsd g; •
Cïnot codtïtonh cd ngbnoh, qud sd hasdrvg dspdnogbjdmtd dm bhs pgêsds dm cdsgrrhbbh.
•
Fudmtds Bdned y cdrovgchs< junehs gbojdmths dstçm dmroqudnochs nhm ngbnoh, nhjh, phr dkdjpbh, db pgm. •
Gashrnoþm Bg gashrnoþm cdb ngbnoh cd bg codtg ds vgrogabd y cdpdmcd cd bhs so`uodmtds fgnthrds;
Fhrjgs gntovgs Bg fhrjg oþmong, Ng1+.
Ygth`dmog Db rgquotosjh y bg hstdhjgbgnog shm bg nhmsdnudmnog cd umg omgcdnugcg jomdrgbozgnoþm þsdg, qud prhcund umg rdcunnoþm cd su fhrtgbdzg egaotugb, cgmch bu`gr g eudshs abgmchs y fçnobjdmtd cdfhrjgabds. ^þbh sd cofdrdmnogm dm qud gpgrdndm dm costomths dstgcohs cdb cdsgrrhbbh cdb eudsh. Dm db rgquotosjh, bg prhcunnoþm cd eudsh phardjdmtd jomdrgbozgch prhcund um dstgmngjodmth dm db nrdnojodmth,
Yromnopgbds fumnohmds Dm bg `urg 5.31 sd 5.31 sd judstrgm bgs fumnohmds cdb ngbnoh.
jodmtrgs qud dm bg hstdhjgbgnog bg cdsjomdrgbozgnoþm þsdg cg bu`gr g um omnrdjdmth cdb rods`h cd frgnturgs.
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Bg bgnthsg y bhs gjomhçnochs açsonhs gujdmtgm bg gashrnoþm phrqud fhrjgm nhjpbdkhs nhm db ngbnoh. Bg arg cosjomuyd bg gashrnoþm, phr bh qud bhs vd`dtgrogmhs mdndsotgm juneh jçs ngbnoh.
Qd`ubgnoþm cdb ngbnoh Bhs movdbds cd ngbnoh dstçm nhmtrhbgchs phr trds ehrjhmgs, qud tgjaoïm rd`ubgm bhs movdbds cd fhsfgth cdb pbgsjg; •
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Bg ehrjhmg pgrgtorhocdg, qud gujdmtg db ngbnoh pbgsjçtonh, pdrh cosjomuyd bhs movdbds cd fhsfgth omhr`çmonh. Bg votgjomg C, qud gujdmtg bhs movdbds pbgsjçtonhs cdb ngbnoh y cdb fhsfgth omhr`çmonh. Bg ngbnothmomg, qud cosjomuyd bhs movdbds pbgsjçtonhs cdb ngbnoh y cdb fhsfgth omhr`çmonh. Fo`. 5.31 Yromnopgbds fumnohmds cdb ngbnoh
h t o b d c m u s d m þ o n g z o r h t u g m o s r g o p h n h t h F . Q D O V D ^ B D ©
^dnumcgroh cd votgjomg C. Bg votgjo votgjomg mg C gb ds cïnot mdndsgrog pgrg bg gashrnoþm omtdstomgb cd ngbnoh y fhsfgth (`. ( `. 5.74). 5.74). Jgbgashrnoþm (p. dk., dmfdrjdcgc ndbêgng).
Fumnoþm
Dkdjpbhs
Dstrunturgb
Eudsh y codmtds Db ngbnoh dstç prdsdmtd dm fhrjg cd nrostgbds cd fhsfgth nçbnonh (eocrhxogpgtotg)
Nhmtrgnno Nhmt rgnnoþm þm jusnubgr jusnubgr
Db ngbn ngbnoh oh sd bo`g g bg trhp trhphmomg hmomg N
Srgmsjosoþm cdb ojpubsh mdrvohsh
Db ngbnoh sd boadrg dm rdspudstg g ehrjhmgs y mdurhtrgmsjoshrds
Nhg`ubgn Nhg` ubgnoþm oþm sgm`uêmdg sgm`uêmdg
Nhdmzojg Nhdmzojg pgrg fgnthrds fgnthrds cd
Srgmsphrtd oþmonh y sd÷gbozgnoþm ndbubgr
nhg`ubgnoþm ^d`umch jdmsgkdrh omtrgndbubgr
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Qgquotosjh. Dm bgs `urgs 5.3> 5.3> y y 5.33 sd 5.33 sd prdsdmtgm bgs ngrgntdrêstongs cdb rgquotosjh. Db trgtgjodmth sd rdgbozg nhm supbdjdmths cd ngbnoh, gpgrtd cd dcungr shard db so`mongch cd umg codtg dquoboargcg. Sgjaoïm pudcdm sdr mdndsgrohs supbdjdmths cd votgjomg C. Hstdhjgbgnog. Bg dmfdrjdcgc cd bhs gcubths sd hasdrvg shard thch dm gmnogmhs y sudbd sdr sdnumcgrog g um cïnot cd votgjomg C. Dm bg `urg 5.34 sd 5.34 sd
hfrdnd umg rdbgnoþm cd bgs ngrgntdrêstongs cd bg hstdhjgbgnog. Hstdhphrhsos. Dm dstd trgsthrmh sd hasdrvg umg prh`rdsovg rdcunnoþm cd bg jgsg þsdg thtgb, cdaocg phr bh `dmdrgb gb cïnot cd dstrþ`dmhs trgs bg jdmhpgusog. ^d dvotg jdcogmtd bg gpbongnoþm cd trgtgjodmth ehrjhmgb sustotutovh, pdrh ds phsoabd qud db ngbnoh tgjaoïm cdsdjpd÷d um pgpdb dm su prdvdmnoþm. Tmg mutronoþm nhm um nhmtdmoch nçbnonh gcdnugch curgmtd bg kuvdmtuc gyucg g nhmsd`uor um ponh cd jgsg þsdg, bh nugb cosjomuyd bhs dfdnths cd bg pïrcocg y bg hstdhphrhsos dm ïphngssupbdjdmths phstdrohrds cd vocg. ^d rdnhjodmcgm cd bg ngbnoh, egaotugbjdmtd nhm votgjomg C, gmtds y cdspuïs cd bg jdmhpgusog.
70> 70>
Mutronoþm
Fo`. 5.34 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs cd bg hstdhjgbgnog Ngrgntdrê rêsstongs nbêmongs
Cog` og`mþsto tonnh
Frgnturgs dsphmtçmdgs, omnhjpbdtgs (suanbêmongs), g jdmuch dm bhs eudshs bgr`hs h dm bg pdbvos
Ngbnoh sïronh agkh
Chbhr þsdh Cdaobocgc cd bhs jûsnubhs prhxojgbds, prhcunoïmchsd umg johpgtêg prhxojgb nhm jgrneg cd çmgcd ngrgntdrêstong
Bhs rgyhs U judstrgm jomdrgbozgnoþm cdfdntuhsg cd bhs eudshs bgr`hs y bg pdbvos
Bg aohpsog þsdg judstrg um gujdmth dm bg jgtroz þsdg som jomdrgbozgr
^hardngr`g cd ngbnoh; eopdrngbndjog Ngusgs Bgs chs promnopgbds ngusgs cd eopdrngbndjog shm db eopdrpgrgtorhocosjh eopdrpgrgtorho cosjh projgroh y bg dmfdrjdcgc jgbo`mg, y mgcg todmdm qud vdr nhm bg mutronoþm, phr bh qud
Fo`. 5.3> Cdfhrjocgcds ngrgntdrêstongs ngrgntdrêstongs cdb rgquotosjh.
Fo`. 5.33 Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs y cog`mþstonh cdb rgquotosjh Ngrgntdrêstongs nb nbêmongs
Cog`mþstonh
Yodrmgs grqudgcgs, tgbbg agkg d omngpgnocgc pgrg db cdsgrrhbbh
↞ ngbnoh y fþsfhrh sïronhs
Nrgmdhtgads; bhs eudshs cdb nrçmdh sd omcdmtgm fçnobjdmtd phr prdsoþm cdb cdch Qhsgroh rgquêtonh; dxpgmsoþm h eomnegzþm dm bgs grtonubgnohmds nhsthnhmcrgbds ^urnh cd Egrroshm; cdspbgzgjodmth egnog cdmtrh cd bgs nhstobbgs rdabgmcdnocgs g bh bgr`h cd bg umoþm cdb cogfrg`jg ↑ «geudngjodmth¼ «geudngjodmth¼
Dxpgmsoþm cd bgs jdtçsos, dm dspdnogb cd bgs ju÷dngs Cdmtonoþm rdtrgsgcg
↗ fhsfgtgsg gbngbomg
sd`rd`gcg phr bhs hstdhabgsths pgrg nhjpdmsgr y ↗ bg fhrjgnoþm cd eudsh
dxndcdm bhs hakdtovhs cd dstd boarh. Ds juy omfrdnudmtd qud bg eopdrngbndjog sd gshnod nhm bg dxndsovg om`dstoþm cd bdned y gmtoçnochs pgrg nhmtrhbgr bg omco`dstoþm, sotugnoþm dm bg qud cosjomuyd cosjomuyd bg dxnrdnoþm rdmgb r dmgb cd ngbnoh; sêmcrhjd cd bg bdned y gbngbomhs.
Ngrgntdrêstongs nbêmongs Bhs ohmds cd ngbnoh sd dmnudmtrgm mhrjgbjdmtd dm bgs nïbubgs y bgs sgbds nçbnongs sd dmnudmtrgm dm bhs eudshs y bhs codmtds. Dm bg shardngr`g sd cdphsotgm sgbds cd ngbnoh dm bhs tdkochs mhrjgbds, bh qud cg bu`gr g bg «ngbnongnoþm jdtgstçsong¼ cd bhs tdkochs y g gbtdrgnohmds dm su fumnoþm. Yudcdm prhcunorsd nçbnubhs rdmgbds, grrotjogs, omsunodmnog ngrcêgng y ngbnongnoþm cd bgs grtdrogs. Sgjaoïm pudcdm gpgrdndr cdaobocgc jusnubgr, ngmsgmnoh, gmhrdxog, dstrd÷ojodmth y umg rdspudstg mdrvohsg pdrdzhsg.
Bhs rgyhs U judstrgm jomdrgbozgnoþm cdfdntuhsg cd bg pdbvos, bhs eudshs bgr`hs y bgs nhstobbgs
Fþsfhrh
Mhtg; db ngbnoh agkh prhcund umg ↞ dm bg trgmsjosoþm mdurhjusnubgr< phr tgmth, db bgntgmtd pudcd prdsdmtgr nhmvubsohmds
Fudmtds Bg jgyhrêg cd bhs gbojdmths. Mh sd eg cdsnroth um cïnot codtïtonh.
OMQ 449 j`/cêg.
Fumnohmds Db fþsfhrh trgagkg dm nhmkumnoþm nhm bg votgjomg C y db ngbnoh; •
703
Sodmdd umg fumnoþm Sodm fumnoþm dstru dstruntu nturgb rgb dm dm eudshs eudshs y codmtds codmtds..
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