Viscosimetros Práctica 3

 

Uis`asihch y Usi`asçgntras HA@NDXN< IDF. AMYGZIC PNMNDN E_CD@A

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03/3:/?:?:

 

Aolntivas 3.Cprndhnr y ndtndhnr nm `ad`npta hn vis`asihch, mcs hienrndtns udihchns nd qun sn trcoclc y `advnrtir ndtrn nmmcs. ?. ^scr nm vis`asçgntra< Pcyoamt, Oraabeinmh y Ptargnr.

Gcr`a Xnðri`a Uis`asihch

Mc vis`asihch sn rneinrn c mc rnsistnd`ic qun pasnnd cmfudas mçquihas hurcdtn su emui emuihn hnzz y hn hnea earg rgc` c`ið iðd. d. Zar Zar tcdt tcdta, a, mc vis` vis`as asih ihch ch ns udc udc hn mcs mcs pr prid id`i `ipc pcmn mnss `crc`tnrçsti`cs hn mas mçquihas, y sn hntnrgidc hn mc sifuindtn gcdnrc< gindtrcs gãs rnsistnd`ic pasnn ud mçquiha pcrc emuir y hneargcrsn, gãs vis`asa ns. Kcorã gcyar a gndar vis`asihch vis`asihch snfüd mc rnsistnd` rnsistnd`ic ic qun kcfcd mcs gamé`umcs a mcs pcrtç`umcs qun `adeargcd ud mçquiha cm gagndta hn snpcrcrsn a hneargcrsn. C gcyar eunrzc hn chknrnd`ic hn mcs gamé`umcs, gcyar vis`asihch. Zar tcdta, c gcyar vis`asihch, gãs rnsistnd`ic apadhrã nm emuiha c su hneargc`iðd, a, ma qun ns ma gisga< `ucdta gãs eunrtn sad mcs eunrzcs idtnrgamn`umcrns hn ctrc``iðd, gcyar  ns mc vis`asihch. Nlngpmas hn vis`asihch ma sad mc ginm, mas muori`cdtns hn vnkç`umas a nm `kcgpü sad mçquihas vis`asas, nsta sn aosnrvc parqun sn gunvnd `ad hiei`umtch y da sn hnrrcgcd eã`imgndtn. Da aostcdtn, nstc prapinhch punhn vcricr cm sagntnr nm mçquiha cm `cmar, yc qun hisgiduyn mc vis`asihch y pnrgitn qun sn hnspmc`n `ad gcyar rcpihnz, `aga `ucdha sn `cmindtc mc ginm. Zar nm `adtrcria, cqunmmas mçquihas qun `crn`nd hn vis`asihch sn hndagidcd emuiha ihncm, lustcgndtn parqun tindnd emuihnz. Yc sn nxpusa qun mc vis`asihch ns udc `crc`tnrçsti`c prapic hn mas mçquihas n, id`musa, hn cmfudas fcsns `ucdha nstãd nd gavigindta. Xipas hn Uis`asihch y sus ^dihchns 

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Uis`asihch hidãgi`c (ν). Xcgoiéd mmcgchc vis`asihch cosamutc, sn ndtindhn `aga mc rnmc`i rnmc`iðd ðd ndtrn nm frchind frchindtn tn hn vnma`i vnma`ihch hch (vnma`ihch hn gavigindta gavigindta hn mcs pcrtç`umcs) y nm nseunrza `artcdtn. Pn mc gihn, snfüd nm Pistngc Id Idtn tnrd rdc` c`ia iadc dcmm (P (PI) I) nd pc pcs` s`cm cmnsns-sn snfud fudha. ha. Éstc Éstc hn hnpnd pndhn hn ch chng ngãs ãs hn mc tngpnrcturc< c gcyar tngpnrcturc, gndar vis`asihch. Uis` Uis`asi asihc hch h `i `idng dngãt ãti` i`c c (v) (v).. Nd ud ememui uiha ha c tn tngp gpnrc nrctu turc rc `a `ads dstc tcdt dtn, n, mc vis`asihch hidãgi`c saorn ndtrn mc hndsihch hnm emuiha, y`idngãti`c nxprnscdhasnnm`cm`umcrã rnsumtchahivihindha nd gntrasmc`uchrchas snfudha.

 

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Uis`a is`asi sihc hch h nx nxttndsi ndsiad adcm cm.. Ns mc vis` vis`as asih ihch ch qun qun prn rnsn sndt dtc c ud emuih muiha a `advnd`iadcm erndtn c mcs eunrzcs hn trc``iðd, rnprnsndtcdha mc rnmc`iðd ndtrn nseunrza y vnma`ihch hn hneargc`iðd. Uis`asihch cpcrndtn. Ns nm rnsumtcha hn mc hivisiðd hnm nseunrza `artcdtn (par nlngpma, `ucdha gntngas ud `u`kimma nd gcyadnsc) ndtrn mc vnma`ihch hn hneargc`iðd hnm emuiha. Nstc prapinhch vcrçc snfüd nm frchindtn hn vnma`ihch hn mc gctnric.

Uis`asçgntra Pcyoam

Nm vis`asçgntra Pcyoamt, ns uda hn mas cpcrctas gãs utimizchas, pcrc aotndnr mc vis`asihch hn ud mçquiha, mc `ucm sn aotindn gihindha nm tingpa nd snfudhas qun tcrhc nd ns`urrir, c trcvés hn ud ariei`ia `cmiorcha, 5: `g0 hnm gisga, c udc tngpnrcturc hntnrgidchc, qun par ma fndnrcm nstã ndtrn 3:: ¼E (06,;¼@) y?3:¼E (9;, (9 ;,9¼ 9¼@) @).. Nm nq nqui uipa pa sn `agp `agpmn mntc tc `ad `ad mc rn rnsi sist stnd nd`i `ic c hn `cmn `cmndt dtcg cgin indt dta, a, mas mas tnrgðgntras y nm cfitchar. Nstn nquipa `adsistn nd ud rn`ipindtn hnstidcha c `adtndnr nm emuiha `uyc vis`asihch sn quinrn hntnrgidcr y hadhn nd su pcrtn idenriar hispadn ud ariei`ia hn hiãgntra dargcmizcha. Nstn rn`ipindtn sn kcmmc c su vnz hndtra hn atra qun mn sirvn hn ocóa tnrgastãti`a pcrc pahnr hntnrgidcr  vis` vis`as asiihc hchn hnss c hist histiidtcs dtcs tng ngpn pnrc rctu turc rcs. s. Ns Nsttã ha hattch cha a hn ud sist sistng ngc c hn `cmndtcgindta idtnfrcha. Mc ec`imihch `ad qun ud emuiha emuyn c trcvés hn ud ariei`ia hn hiãgntra pnqunóa ns udc idhi`c`iðd hn su vis`asihch. Éstn ns nm prid`ipia saorn nm `ucm nstã ocscha nm vis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt. ^sa a cpmi`c`iðd Dagorn hn ud tipa hn vis`asçgntra guy ngpmncha pcrc mas c`nitns muori`cdtns. Nm ting tingpa pa nd snfu snfudh dhas as dn dn`n `nsc scri ria a pc pcrc rc qun qun 5: `g `g0 0 hn c`ni c`nitn tn pc pcsn snd d (c udc udc tngpnrcturc hntnrgidchc) hnm vis`asçgntra cm rn`ipindtn hn rn`afihc sn hndagidc vis`asihch Pcyoamt, y sn nxprnsc nd snfudhas Pcyoamt. Pn trctc hn ud gétaha ngpçri`a, qun hnon tcdta kc`nrma nm vamugnd hn croitrcricgndtn. c`nitn qun hnon emuir `aga nm hiãgntra hnm ariei`ia paryc nm qun sn eilcd Nstn vis`asçgntra pasnn udc prn`isiðd migitchc, nspn`icmgndtn `ucdha sn gihn mc vis`asihch hn ud c`nitn guy emuiha a mc gcyar tngpnrcturc hn prunoc (?3: ºE² 99 º@). Uis`asçgntra Oraabeinmh

Nm vi vis`a s`asç sçgn gntr tra a hn Or Oraa aabe bein inmh mh ns ud id idst stru rugn gndt dta a hn gn gnhi hi`i `iðd ðd y `a `adt dtra ramm hn vis`asihch, nm `ucm sn rifn par nm prid`ipia hnm vis`asçgntra ratc`iadcm, punsta qun gihnd mc vis`asihch `cptcdha nm pcr hn tarsiðd dn`nscria pcrc kc`nr fircr c vnma`ihch `adstcdtn udc cfulc idgnrsc nd nm emuiha hn nstuhia. Nm pcr hn tarsiðd ns

 

prapar`iadcm c mc rnsistnd`ic vis`asihch (Unma`ihch) saorn nm dügnra hn mc cfulc sugnrfihc. ^sa a Cpmi`c`iðd< Mas vis`asç vis`asçgnt gntras ras Ora Oraabe abeinm inmh h hnt hntnrgi nrgidcd dcd mc vis` vis`asi asihch hch hn ememuih uihas as gih gihind indha ha mc eunrzc dn`nscric pcrc kc`nr fircr ud nmngndta idgnrsa (cfulc) nd nm emuiha hn prunoc. McMc cfulc fircc`iðd par c``iðd hnn ud sçd`rada hn ud rnsartn `cmior `cm iorcha. cha. hne hnearg argc`i ðdmchnm rns rnsart artn sngatar aos aosnrvc nrvc nd udc trcvés idhi`c idhi`char har cdc cdcmðf mðfi`a i`a,, sindha mc hneargc`iðd prapar`iadcm c mc vis`asihch hnm emuiha. Uis`asçgntra Ptargnr 

Nm vis`asçgntra vis`asçgntra Ptargn Ptargnrr ns ud vis`asçgntra vis`asçgntra ratct ratctiva iva idtrahu`ih idtrahu`iha a nd mc idhustric hn pi pidt dturc urcss hn ma mass pc pcçs çsns ns cd cdfm fmas ascl clad adns ns hns hnshn hn kc kc`n `n hn`n hn`ndi dias. as. Pu `a `adst dstru` ru``i `iðd ðd sugc sugcgn gndt dtn n ra raou oust stc, c, su eã`i eã`imm ga gaha ha hn ng ngpm pmna na y ud udc c cmtc cmtc pr prn` n`is isið iðd d hn mas mas rnsumtc rnsu mtchas, has, kc`nd kc`nd c`a c`adsnl dsnlcom comn n su cpm cpmi`c` i`c`iðd iðd tcd tcdta ta nd mcoarct mcoarctari arias as idh idhust ustric ricmns mns `aga nd mcoarctarias hn hnscrramma. Pi oind da ns ütim pcrc mc gnhi`iðd hn gcsimmcs, pnfcgndtas y prahu`tas hn cmtc vis`asihch cpcrndtn, nm cpcrcta ns cpta pcrc gnhir mc `adsistnd`ic hn prahu`tas nd nm `cgpa hn vis`asihchns idtnrgnhics hn >: c >::: `. ^sa a cpmi`c`iðd ^d cfitchar dargcmizcha `ad has pcmntcs sn sugnrfn nd mc sustcd`ic c gnhir qun sn padn nd ratc`iðd par cpmi`c`iðd hn pnsas. @ad ud `radðgntra sn hntnrgidc nm tingpa nd qun mc pcmntc hc 3:: rnvamu`iadns pcrc ud pnsa hntnrgidcha. Munfa `ad mc cyuhc hn mc tcomc 3, sn hntnrgidc mc `adsistnd`ic nd mcs mmcgchcs ”udihchns Brnos‗ a Brnos ^dits< RB^W.

Gctnricmns Uis`asçgntra Pcyoamt Gctnricm

Hns`rip`iðd Xnrgðgntra hn gnr`uria<

^d tnrgðgntra ns ud idstrugndta utimizcha pcrc gnhir mc tngpnrcturc `ad ud cmta divnm hn nxc`tituh. Zunhn snr pcr`icm a tatcmgndtn idgnrsa nd mc sustcd`ic qun sn nstã gihindha. Nstc knrrcgindtc nstã `adeargchc par ud tuoa mcrfa hn vihria `ad ud oumoa nd uda hn sus nxtrngas. Emuiha nstãdhcr  Emuiha hn c`nitn hns`ada`iha

 

Uis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt

Nstn nquipa `adsistn nd ud rn`ipindtn hnst hn stid idch cha a c `a `adt dtndn ndnrr nm ememui uiha ha `u `uyc yc vis` vis`asi asihc hch h sn rn rnqu quin inrn rn hnt hntnrg nrgid idcr cr y hadhn nd su pcrtn idenriar hispadn ud ariei`ia hn hiãgntra dargcmizcha. Nstn rn`ipindtn hn kcmmc c su vnz hndtra hn atra qun mn sirvn hn ocóa tnrgastãti`a pcrc pahnr hntnrgidcr vis`asihchns c histidtcs tngpnrcturcs. Nstã hatcha hn ud sistngc hn `cmndtcgindta idtnfrcha.

Ocmcdzc frcdctcric hn pmctimma

Mc ocmcdzc hn pmctimmas ns ud id idst stru rugn gndt dta a hn gn gnhi hi`i `iðd ðd qu qun n titindn ndn `aga prapðsita `ada`nr nm pnsa hn ud `unrpa. Nm pnsa sn hntnrgidc c trcvés hn su suss ha hass or orcz czas as,, mas mas `u `ucm cmns ns sn nqui nq uimimior orcd cd `ucd `ucdha ha da tind tindnd nd dchc dchc saorn nmmas. Pu eud`iadcgindta eud`iadcgindta ns guy snd`imma, yc qun sn aosnrvc qun kcy hienrnd`ic hn pnsa `ucdha uda hn mas nxtrngas nstã gãs cmta a gãs ocla qun nm atra. @apcs hn Cearc`iðd hn 5: `g0

Pn ngpmnc pcrc prnpcrcr hisamu`iadns hn `ad`ndtrc`iðd `ada`ihc `ad nxc`tituh, ns hn`ir `ucdha nm samuta samuta sn  sn kc pnscha nd udc ocmcd ocmcdzc zc cdcmç cdcmçti`c ti`c a  a hn prn`isiðd. _nsistnd`ic nmé`tri`c

^d `cmndtchar hn cfuc nmé`tri`a `cmindtc cfuc c trcvés hn udc rnsistnd`ic nmé`tri`c nd su idtnriar. @ucdha nm cfuc kc cm`cdzcha mc tngpnrcturc chn`uchc, ndtrn mas 5:¼@ y mas 6>@¼, sn cpcfc cuta cutagã gãtiti`c `cgn gndt dtn n mc rn rnsi sist stnd nd`i `ic. c. ^d ^dc c sadhc hntn`tc `ucdha mc tngpnrcturc oclc pcrc qun mc rnsistnd`ic sn padfc hn dunva nd gcr`kc. Nm cismcgindta hnm tnrga ns ud nmng nmngnd ndta ta eu eudh dhcg cgnd ndtc tcmm pcrc pcrc qu qun n da sn hispcrn nm fcsta nmé`tri`a, yc qun `ucdta gnla gn larr snc snc hi hi`k `ka a ci cism smcg cgin indt dta, a, gn gnda dass pérhihcs hn sn prahu`irãd.

 

Zidzcs hn Dunz

Mc pi pidz dzc c hn mc mcoa oarc rcta tari ria a sn `a `ads dsih ihnr nrc c fndnrcmgndtn `aga udc knrrcgindtc hn gntcm hndtra hn ud mcoarctaria quçgi`a. Pn `agpadn hn has orczas a tndczcs, qun cprintcd nm `unmma hn mas ercs`as u atras gctnricmns hn vihria gnhicdtn nm usa hn tardimmas qun punhnd clustcrsn gcducmgndtn. Nstc pidzc ns ihncm pcrc uscr `ad `ristcmnrçc hn mchas rn`tas y cpcrctas tcmns `aga ourntcs, tuoas y `unmmas hn ercs`a. Mcs gcdhçoumcs nstãd rn`uoinrtcs `ad ud gcdfuita gcdfu ita hn vidima vidima cdtihn cdtihnsmizc smizcdtn. dtn. Zunhn sulntcr aolntas hn ;-0: gg hn hiãgntra. @uontc pcrc cfuc

@adtndnhar hn rnsihuas pnmifrasas

Mas `ad `adtnd tndnha nharns rns hn rns rnsihu ihuas as sad udc pinz pinzc c `mcv `mcvn, n, hn hnsh shn n Xct Xctagc agc id` d`mmus usa a hirçcgas qun eudhcgndtcm, pcrc gcdtndnr  `adtramchcs mcs tadnmchcs hn hnsn`kas -hn taha tipa- qun sn fndnrc cducmgndtn nd mc idhust idh ustric ric.. Frc`ic Frc`icss cm pcp pcpnm nm qun rnc rncmiz mizcd cd nstn nstn tipa tipa hn `a `adt dtnd ndnh nhar arns ns,, ns pa pasi siom omn n `adsn adsnrv rvcr crma mass nd mc mcss `a `adh dhi` i`ia iadn dnss hn snfu snfuri rihc hch h ch chn` n`uc uchc hcss tc tcdt dta a pc pcrc rc mc mcss pnrsadcs `aga pcrc nm gnhia cgoindtn. Bmnndnx

Nstapc

 

Crfammc

Papartn ^divnrscm

Uis`asçgntra Ptargnr 

Gctnricm

Hns`rip`iðd Nstapc

Uis`asçgntra hn Ptargnr 

@adsis @ads istn tn nd ud udc c nsp nspn` n`in in hn rat ratar  ar  `ad `a d pc pcmn mnttcs tipa ipa pc pch hhmn hmn qu qun n sn sugnrfn nd ud mçquiha y sn padn c fircr c ?:: rnvamu`iadns par giduta, Ocmcdzc frcdctcric hn pmctimma Mc ocmcdzc hn pmctimmas ns ud idstrugndta hn gnhi`iðd qun tindn `aga prapðsita `ada`nr nm pnsa hn ud `unrpa. Nm pnsa sn hntnrgidc c trcvés hn sus has orczas, mas `ucmns sn nquimiorcd `ucdha da tindnd dchc saorn nmmas. Pu eud`iadcgindta ns guy snd`imma, yc qun sn aosnrvc qun kcy hienrnd`ic hn pnsa `ucdha uda hn mas nxtrngas nstã gãs cmta a gãs ocla qun nm atra.

 

Ucsa hn prn`ipitcha

Pu ao aoln lntitiva va pri prid` d`ip ipcm cm ns `a `adt dtnd ndnr  nr  mçqu mçquih ihas as a su sust stcd cd`i `ics cs qu quççgi gi`c `css hivnrscs hn histidta tipa. @aga @a ga su da dago gorn rn ma hi`n hi`n pn pnrg rgititn n aotndnr prn`ipitchas c pcrtir hn mc rnc``iðd hn atrcs sustcd`ics. Darg Da rgcm cmg gnd ndttn ns utim utimiz izch cha a pc pcrc rc trcspartcr mçquihas c atras rn`ipindtns. Xcgo Xc goié iéd d sn pu punh nhn n uti utimizc mizcrr pcrc pcrc `cmndtcr cr,, hisam amvn vnrr, a prn rnp pcrcr  rnc``iadns quçgi`cs. quçgi`cs. Knxcda Migpia

sn usc `aga hisamvndtn pcrc pidt pi dturc urcs, s, cs csçç `a `aga ga pc pcrc rc pr pra`n a`nsas sas quçgi`as, tcgoiéd sn usc pcrc quitcr  ntiquntcs hn prn`ias puns hisunmvn su pnfcgndta. tcgoiéd sn usc nd mc idhu id hust stri ric c hn mc gc gcrr rraq aqui uidn dnrç rçc c y `cmzch `cm zcha, a, pnr pnra a su usa nd idh idhust ustrics rics `adtramchcs ns gãs rnstridfiha. @adtndnhar hn rnsihuas pnmifrasas

Mas `adtndnharns hn rnsihuas sad udc ud c pinz pinzc c `mcv `mcvn, n, hns nshn hn Xc Xcttagc agc id`mus id` musa a hirç hirçcga cgass qun eudhcg eudhcgndt ndtcm, cm, pcrc pc rc gc gcdt dtnd ndnr nr `a `adt dtra rammch chcs cs mcs mcs tadn tadnmc mchc hcss hn hn hnsn sn`k `kas as -h -hn n taha taha tipa- qun sn fndnrc cducmgndtn nd mc id idhus hustr tric ic.. Fr Frc` c`ic icss cm pc pcpnm pnm qu qun n rncmizcd nstn tipa hn `adtndnharns, ns pasi pasiom omn n `a `ads dsnr nrvc vcrm rmas as nd mcs `adhi`iadns hn snfurihch chn`uchcs tcdta pcrc mcs pnrsadcs `aga pcrc nm gnhia cgoindtn.

 

C`nitn sayc

Nm c`nitn hn sayc sn utimizc oãsi`cgndtn pcrc nm `adsuga kugcda kug cda y usa usass idh idhust ustric ricmns mns,, tcm tcmns ns `aga mc ecori`c`iðd hn gcrfcridcs, gcdtnquimmcs y `ka`amctn.

C`nitn gidnrcm

Nm c` c`ni nitn tn gidnr idnrcm cm ns ud mçqu mçquih iha a idahara y trcdspcrndtn qun sn utimizc `aga `aga idfr idfrnh nhin indt dtn n `agü `agüd d nd ud udc c fr frcd cd vcr vcrinhc inhch h hn `asg `asgét éti` i`as as y prahu`tas hn `uihcha pnrsadcm. Nm c`nitn gidnrcm nstã kn`ka hn pntrðmna cmtcgndtn rneidcha, puriei`cha y pra`nscha.

Uis`asçgntra Oraabeinmh Gctnricm

Hns`rip`iðd Nm vis`asçgntra hn Oraabeinmh

 Ns ud idstrugndta hn gnhi`iðd y `adtram hn vis`asihch, nm `ucm sn rifn par nm prid`ipia hn mc vis`asigntrçc ratc`iadcm, punsta qun gihnd mc vis`asihch `cptcdha nm pcr hn tarsiðd dn`nscria pcrc kc`nr fircr c vnma`ihch `adstcdtn udc cfulc idgnrsc nd nm emuiha hn nstuhia. Nm pcr hn tarsiðd ns

 

prapar`iadcm c mc rnsistnd`ic vis`asihch (Unma`ihch) saorn nm dugnra hn mc cfulc sugnrfihc, nd atrcs pcmcorcs, mc vis`asihch hnm emuiha G (Oraabeinmh Uis`asigntras-Mconquig P.C. hn @.U.).

Hicfrcgc hnm nquipa Ptargnr 

 

Pcyoamt

 

Oraabeinmh

 

Zra`nhigindtas Zra`nhigindta Pcyoamt

3. Mig Migpin pin nm nqui nquipa pa tatc tatcmgn mgndtn dtn `ad ud samvn samvndtn dtn chn`uc chn`ucha ha y hél hélnma nma sn`cr, sn`cr, a séqunma `ad udc `arrindtn hn cirn. _nvisn qun nm ariei`ia hn scmihc nsté miorn hn aostru``iadns. Xcpn nm ariei`ia `ad nm `ar`ka. ?. Zad Zadfc fc cfuc nd ocóa Gcrç Gcrçc c hnm cpcrct cpcrcta, a, `uih `uihcha chascg scgndt ndtn n tcpa, n idstc idstcmn mn nm tnrgðgntra nd su mufcr  0. Mmn Mmndn dn `ad nm mçquiha mçquiha c nxc nxcgid gidcr cr nm `adhu` `adhu`ta ta idtn idtnriar riar kcs kcstc tc supnr supnrcr cr nm divnm hnm rnoaschnra, rnoaschnra, (rn`upnrn nm mçquiha `ad udc pipnt pipntc) c) y nspnrn c cm`cd cm`cdzcr zcr mc tngpnrcturc c mc `ucm sn quinrn hntnrgidcr mc vis`asihch Pi mc tngpnrcturc hnm mçquiha ns guy hienrndtn, sn punhn prn`cmndtcr nd ocóa gcrçc par snpcrcha y munfa trcsmchcr cm vis`asçgntra. Gcdtndfc mc tngpnrcturc cm gndas ud giduta singprn cfitcdha 8. @a @ama maqu qun n nm rn rn`i `ipi pind ndtn tn ce cear arch cha a oc ocla la nm vis`a vis`asç sçgn gntr tra, a, scqu scqun n nm `a `ar`k r`ka a y hispcrn nm `radðgntra sigumtãdncgndtn. Hntédfcma `ucdha nm mçquiha mmnfun cm ceara >. Pn rnpi rnpitn tn mc gn gnhi`iðd hi`iðd p par ar ma gnda gndass atrc vnz c mc gisg gisgc c tngp tngpnrcturc nrcturc

 

5. Hn kcon kconrr vc vcri ric` c`ið iðd d dat datco comn mn nd ma mass titing ngpa pas, s, rn rncm cmiz izcr cr ud udc c vnz chi chi`i `iad adcm cm y tagcr tingpa gnhia 6. Pn hnonrã hnonrãd d rnc rncmiz mizcr cr gnh gnhi`i i`iadns adns c tng tngpnr pnrctu cturcs rcs hienrn hienrndtn dtns, s, hntnrg hntnrgidc idcdha dha pcrc `chc tngpnrcturc mc hndsihch hnm emuiha `ad nm aolnta hn aotndnr mc vis`asihch cosamutc nd (`ndtipaisn) uscdha n`uc`iðd ? y 3. ;. Migpi Migpicr cr nm nq nquipa uipa y rrn`ipin n`ipindtns dtns `a `ad d samv samvndtn ndtn (kn (knxcda) xcda) y nstapc nstapc..

Zra`nhigindta (Oraabeinmh)

3. Pu Puln lntn tn `a `ad d mc gcd cda a izq zqui uinr nrhc hc mc pc pcrt rtn n ide idenr nria iarr hnm nln, nln, mnvc mnvcdt dtcd cdha ha mifnrcgndtn nm nln, y ndrasqun mc cfulc `ad mc gcda hnrn`kc singprn ras`cdha c `adtrcrrnmal. Pi mc cfulc ns hn tipa his`a, pcrc da fndnrcr  ouroulcs, sn id`midc cm kc`nr mc idgnrsiðd. @uihn hn da fampncr mc cfulc `adtrc mas mchas hnm rn`ipindtn ?. Divn Divnmn mn nm vis` vis`as asçg çgnt ntra ra,, cyüh cyühns nsn n `ad `ad mc ouro ouroul ulc c hn hnmm divn divnm.m. Cm Cmig ignd ndtn tn nm gctnricm gctnr icm hn prunoc kcstc qun nm divnm hnm emuiha nsté nd mc gcr`c hnm nln hn mc cfulc. 0. Zrn Zrnsia siadn dn nm ”`m ”`mut` ut`k‗ k‗ y nd` nd`ind indhc hc nm gat gatar ar hnm vis`as vis`asçgn çgntra tra,, mionrn mionrn nm `mu `mut`k t`k y pnrgitc qun nm `uchrcdtn firn kcstc qun sn nstcoimi`n (> vunmtcs). 8. Ns pasio pasiomn mn aosnr aosnrvcr vcr mc pas pasi`i i`iðd ðd hnm idh idhi`c i`char har c ocl oclcs cs vnma`ihchn vnma`ihchnss gindtrcs gindtrcs qun mc `uchrcdtn firc, pnra c cmtcs vnma`ihchns ns dn`nscria prnsiadcr nm ”`mut`k‗ rntndindha mc mn`turc nd nm pudta nxc`ta pcrc munfa mionrcrma. Pi mc cful cf ulc c sn nstc nstc`i `iadc adc eu eunrc nrc hn mc ns` ns`cm cmc c cu cugn gndt dtc c mc vn vnma ma`i `ihc hch h cdf cdfum umcr, cr, hnspués hn ”Cpcfcr‗, tagc mas hctas hn mc hnemnxiðd (γ X), hn mc vnma`ihch cdfumcr D (nd rpg) y hn mc cfulc a his`a uscha. _npitn nstn pcsa pcrc sc`cr ud pragnhia. Pn prnsiadc ”`mut`k‗ y sn cpcfc. >. Pc` Pc`c c mc cfulc a his`a hnm mçquih mçquiha a y `ãg `ãgoic oicma ma par nm sifuindt sifuindtn n rnpit rnpitind indha ha nm pra`nsa (Mnvcdtcdha nln y hnsndras`cdha mc cfulc `ad mc gcda c sndtiha hnm rnmal) 5. _npnt _npntir ir kcst kcstc c qun ssn n scmfc hnm rc rcdfa dfa gcdnlcha gcdnlcha nd tcom tcomcs cs 6. Hnlcr ns`urri ns`urrirr cfulc cfulcss nd pnr pnriðhi` iðhi`a a y mig migpicrmc picrmcss `ad sa samvndt mvndtn. n.

Zra`nhigindta (Ptargnr)

3. Hn Hnln ln `cnr nm `a `adt dtrcp rcpns nsa a pc pcrc rc aosnr aosnrvc vcrr si mc cmt cmturc urc ns sue suei` i`in indt dtn n pc pcrc rc mc rncmizc`iðd hn mc prã`ti`c, hn da snr csç, divnmn nm nquipa kcstc qun nm `adtrcpnsa da taqun nm pisa. ?. Uunmv Uunmvc c c hnlcr nm `adtrcp `adtrcpnsa nsa pcrc nm nmigidc igidcrr `ucmqu `ucmquinr inr tip tipa a hn razcgi razcgindta. ndta. Hn snr dn`nscria, migpicr `ad cmfüd samvndtn chn`ucha. 0. Pn ndr ndram ammc mc nm kim kima a nd mc pam pamnc nc y sn hnlc hnlc `c `cnr nr nm `adt `adtrcp rcpns nsa. a. Pn gihn nm tingpa dn`nscria pcrc qun nm ratar hn `ind rnvamu`iadns (udc vunmtc) nd nm

 

tc`ðgntra. A oind, sn `adtramc nm tingpa qun dn`nsitc mc pnsc pcrc `cnr c udc `inrtc histcd`ic. Znrgitir qun nm ratar hn cm gndas trns vunmtcs cdtns hn `agndzcr nm ndscya.

Hctas Uis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt<

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9.90s 3:.3:s 3:.?>s 3:.?:s 3:.3?s

 

@ãm`umas Gidnrcm  ν 37( :.:?5?;?6 ) ( 3>?.8 f ) ( 6.>3> s )  ν 370:.3: `p  ν ?7( :.:?5?;?6 )( 3>?.8 f .)( 5.55 s )  ν ?7?5.56 `p

 νpragnhia  νpr agnhia7?;.3: `p

Uis`asihch hn c`nitn ?  ν 37( :.:?5?;?6 )( 3>?.8 f )( 3:.3? s )  ν 37 8:.>0 `p  ν ?7( :.:?5?;?6 ) ( 3>?.8 f ) ( 3:.>0 s )  ν ?7 8?.36 `p  ν 07( :.:?5?;?6 ) ( 3>?.8 f . ) ( 3:.>0 s )  ν 07 8?.36 `p

 νpragnhia7 8?.36 `p

Uis`asçgntra Oraabeinmh

C`nitn aos`ura

 

Uis`asihch Cosamutc 7 ???`p

Aosnrvc`iadns Nd nm vis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt sn aosnrvc `aga nm c`nitn hns`ada`iha emuyn gãs mndta qun nm mçquiha nstãdhcr hnm nquipa y mmndc nd gcyar tingpa nm gctrcz cearcha hn ?>: gm. Nm cfuc uschc pcrc `cmndtcr nm c`nitn prnsndtc udc tngpnrcturc hienrndtn c mc ta tagc gchc hc cm pri prid` d`ip ipia ia nd cg cgoi oind ndtn tn,, par ma qu qun n sn `c `cmimindt ndtc c ud pa pa`a `a cdt cdtns ns hn `agndzcr mc mn`turc hnm nstãdhcr. Nd nm vis vis`as `asçgn çgntra tra hn Ptargnr Ptargnr sn aos aosnrvc nrvc ud `agpart `agpartcgi cgindt ndta a `ad `adstc stcdtn dtn hnm tc`ðgntra, tc`ðg ntra, sid ngocrfa, nm tingpa tingpa dn`nscria dn`nscria pcrc hcr udc 3:: rnvamu`iad rnvamu`iadns ns vcric hn gcdnrc datcomn. Nd nm vis`asçgntra hn Oraabeinmh, mc gnhi`iðd hn mcs rnvamu`iadns sn gcdtindn nstcomn, ns hn`ir, da sn nd`undtrc udc vcric`iðd ndtrn rcdfas ndtrn cfulcs.

@ad`musiadns @ad`musiðd par Cgcury Cmnxis Gcrtçdnz Zad`n<

 

Nd nm vis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt, nm `agpartcgindta hnm c`nitn hns`ada`iha sn hnon c su vis`asihch gcyar qun nm emuiha nstãdhcr hnm nquipa. Nm cgoindtn erns`a hnm mcoarctaria a cmfüd `arrindtn cirn qun sn nd`undtrn nd mc prã`ti`c, punhn kc`nr qun nm cfuc pinrhc tngpnrcturc rnquirindha qun sn `cmindtn ud pa`a pcrc `agndzcr mc prã`ti`c `ad nm vis`asçgntra hn Pcyoamt. Nm idvcricomn hnm tc`ðgntra hn Ptargnr hnonhn c qun sistngc da `agpartcgindta pasnn eri``iðd datcomn y tcgoiéd c qun mas emuihas csnpnscr nstcrnm ud pa`a `adtcgidchas, gcdtindnd sus prapinhchns eçsi`cs. Zunsta qun mc prã`ti`c sn rncmizc nd gcdnrc c histcd`ic, ec`tarns `aga nm tingpa hn `crfc y hns`crfc, cm ifucm qun mc mctnd`ic hnm snrvihar kc`nd qun nm tingpa gnhiha sn kcmmn `ad udc vcric`iðd, hn ckç qun sn dn`nsitn rncmizcr prunocs chi`iadcmns. Hn ifucm gcdnrc, sn `adeirgc mc `adstcd`ic hn mcs prapinhchns eçsi`cs hnm c`nitn hns`ada`iha nd nm vis`asçgntra hn Oraabeinmh cm da kconr vcric`iðd hn rcdfas. @ad`musiðd par Nmizcontk Pamçs Knrvnr 

Pn `ad`muyn nd mcs prunocs hn vis`asçgn vis`asçgntra tra Ptargnr udc gcyar vis`asihch par nm c`nitn hn sayc qun hnm c`nitn Gidnrcm yc qun tindn gcyar rnsistnd`ic c emuir y mas `ãm`umas rncmizchas pcrc hntnrgidcr vis`asihch ma `adeirgcd.

@ad`musiðd par Nscü Znóc _cgçrnz

 Cm cdcmizcr mas rnsumtchas aotndihas nd nm nquipa Pcyoamt, sn punhn hn`ir qun c gcyar tngpnrcturc, mc vis`asihch ns gndar, hnoiha c qun nm `cmar qun sn fndnrc pnrgitn cmifnrcr mc chknsiðd hn mcs gamé`umcs y par ma tcdta sn ragpc mc tndsiðd supnrei`icm supnre i`icm hnm emuiha, hnoih hnoiha a c qun cm gagnd gagndta ta hn cugndt cugndtcr cr mc tngpnrcturc tngpnrcturc y `ad nsas hctas kc`nr mas `ãm`umas, mc vis`asihch `chc vnz eun hisgiduyndha gãs, ^d c`nitn nxpunsta c udc cmtc tngpnrcturc prava`c qun su hndsihch snc gãs oclc, nstn pinrhn vis`asihch sindha gãs mifnra c sigpmn vistc. Nd nm vis`asçgntra Ptargnr nxifn samcgndtn mc nln`u`iðd hn mc prunoc `ad udc `cdtihch hn gnhi`iadns hn tingpa pcrc `ad`muir nd ud rnsumtcha pragnhia. Mc prn`cu`iðd prn`cu` iðd hn nstn ns hn da rncmizcr mcs prunocs `ad tcd pa`a tingpa hn nspc`ia ndtrn nmmcs yc qun nm `cmndtcgindta `cmndtcgindta qun prahu`n nm ratar cm emuiha praomng praomngc c punhn cen`tcr nm rnsumtcha hn mc hntnrgidc`iðd hn mc vis`asihch. @ad`musiðd par Bcridc

_ncmizchas mas `ãm`umas mafrcgas aosnrvcr qun mc vis`asihch hn `chc mçquiha vcrçc `adeargn cm tingpa nd nm qun sn rncmizc mc prunoc nd `chc vis`asçgntra cmfudcs punhnd mmnfcr c `aid`ihir.

 

@ad`musiðd par Lnsüs Onrdcrhida Nstrchc Gadrncm

_nspn`ta c mas rnsumtchas aotndihas nd mc prc`ti`c ndea`chc c mc vis`asihch sn mmnfð c mc `ad`musiðd qun `chc emuiha tindn hienrndtn vis`asihch par mcs vcricomns qun sn gcdnlcd tcmns `aga mc tngpnrcturc y nm tingpa hn rncmizc`iðd hn mc prunoc par mas nquipas cdtns gnd`iadcha. Nstamas pnrgitn `agprndhn `agprndhnr r y vnriei`cr vnriei`cr nm `agpart `agpartcgindt cgindta a hn hienrndtn emuiha cm ifucm qun nquipas utimizchas. @ad`musiðd par Bcrmc Ucmnric _ivcs _ivnrc

Pn `ad`muyn cm rncmizcr mcs prunocs hn mas vis`asçgntras sn mafrc aotndnr mcs vis`asihchns hn mas c`nitns qun sn cdcmizcd hurcdtn mc prã`ti`c.  

Oiomiafrceçc Oiomiafrceçc _ceda, G. N. (> hn A`tuorn hn ?:?:). @ad`nptas.Hn. Aotndiha hn @ad`nptas.Hn< kps