Grammar Review Present Simple and Present Continuous
Past Simple and Past Continuous 4. Write sentences using the words below. below. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. Choose the correct correct answer. answer.
1. I’m angry with William. I am not talking / talking / don’t talk to talk to him. 2. Listen! My sister is singing / singing / sings sings in in the shower.
1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?
Was your brother watching TV when you got home? 2. you / finish / the / English homework homework / yesterday / ?
3. This cheese tastes tastes / / is tasting strange. tasting strange. 4. Are you thinking / thinking / Do you think Ann think Ann is pretty?
Did you finish the English homework
5. Laura is walking / walking / walks walks to to school every day.
yesterday? 3. I / not eat sushi / when when / I / in Japan / last year / .
2. Complete the sentences with the correct correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
sets
1. The sun
(set) in the west.
am studying
2. Please don’t don’t disturb me. me. I (study). 3. I still 4.
don’t know
are having 5. We Sunday.
(have) a picnic next
does
[email protected]
this parcel
(weigh)?
Dear Rob,
COMING SOON …
Don’t forget! Our school 1. is participating (participate) in the annual Community Action Day on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer! Mark your calendar: The Film Club
meets
(meet) every Monday at
8 pm. Next week, they
3.
(show) Up in the Air . It 4.
are showing stars
(star) George Clooney Clooney.. 5.
Do
Last year, Susie was working in a shop
5. Complete the e-mail with with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
3. Complete the school newsletter page with with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
2.
4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop shop / while / study study / .
(not know) the answer answer..
go you always (go) to the cinema on Friday nights?
weigh
last year.
while she was studying.
Do
6. How much
I didn’t eat sushi when I was in Japan
you
want
(want) to
learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef from Angie’s Restaurant 6.
is offering
You’re lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands You’re began concert last night. It 1. (begin) 2. refused badly. The organisers (refuse) to open the doors to the arena early, even though it 3. was snowing (snow) heavily. Then, when let they finally 4. (let) people in, 5. went nearly everyone (go) to the coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what? The espresso machines 6. weren’t working didn’t get (not work). Things 7. (not get) better during the concert. All of the bands 8. sounded (sound) terrible because there was something wrong with the sound system. And while the last band 9. was playing (play),, the (play) 10. went out lights suddenly (go out). Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket! See you on Friday Friday,, Gina
.
(offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all interested students. Contact Mona in the office for details.
4 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
8. Complete the sentences with a time time expression below.
1. Sherry doesn’t know how how to ride a bicycle. (never)
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).
in 2004 • already • yesterday • just never • then • yet 1. A: A: London’s London’s one of my favourite cities. What do you think of it?
2. I didn’t know Dan until until three years ago. (for)
I have known Dan for three years.
B: I don’t know. I’ve
never
been there.
2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?
3. Jane finished her work. work. Then she went went to the cinema. (after)
already read it twice.
B: No, thanks. I’ve
3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today? Jane went to the cinema after she had finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday . her work, she went to the cinema.
4. I met Rob’s Rob’s new girlfriend for the first time last night. (before)
4. A: Have you already been to the library?
5. I didn’t see Anne Anne at the school picnic. picnic. She left before I arrived. (by the time)
5. A: How long have you had your dog?
I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend before last night. / Before last night, I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend. By the time I arrived at the school picnic, Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time I arrived at the school picnic.
7. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple. During the past decade, the increasing presence of
has led
mobile phones 1.
B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and we went to the shopping centre. B: We got him puppy.
have done
B: I’m not sure. She hasn’t decided
their possible health effects. And lately, lately, many places 3.
have made
(make) it illegal to hold a phone
conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. During a play in New York York in September 2009, the play’s two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 4.
shouted
(shout) at a man in the audience
rang didn’t silence
when his mobile phone not only 5. (ring) several times, but he 6.
(not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, once 7. that he 8. “
called (call) a man to complain had forced ” (forced) her to listen
to his loud conversation earlier that day in a café. How 9.
did
she
g et
(get) his
phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call, and Ms Alkon simply down.
10.
wrote
(write) it
.
just B: Wait a minute. I’ve walked through the door. I want a cup of coffee first! 9. Complete the passage with the correct correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem of mobiles is rude behaviour – including loud, personal
yet
7. A: Someone delivered this this parcel for you a few minutes ago. Hurry up – open it!
(lead) to a rise (do) studies on
, when he was a
6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?
in public discussion related to their use. In recent years, researchers 2.
in 2004
then
1.
Have
h ea rd
you
(hear) of the Klingon
language? It is a language featured in many of the Star films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist, Trek films. 2.
invented
(invent) Klingon in the early
1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with fans. Since then, they Star Trek fans.
have bought
3.
(buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon
wrote (write). In addition, they 5. have established (establish) dictionary that Okrand 4.
Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also 6.
have published (publish) books and released CDs
on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play Hamlet , a project that 7.
began
several years ago. They probably
8.
(begin)
greeted
(greet) that news by saying, buy' buy' ngop ngop. That’s Klingon for “That’s great news!”
5 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Simple and Past Simple
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words words in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
8. Complete the sentences with a time time expression below.
1. Sherry doesn’t know how how to ride a bicycle. (never)
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before).
in 2004 • already • yesterday • just never • then • yet 1. A: A: London’s London’s one of my favourite cities. What do you think of it?
2. I didn’t know Dan until until three years ago. (for)
I have known Dan for three years.
B: I don’t know. I’ve
never
been there.
2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?
3. Jane finished her work. work. Then she went went to the cinema. (after)
already read it twice.
B: No, thanks. I’ve
3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today? Jane went to the cinema after she had finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday . her work, she went to the cinema.
4. I met Rob’s Rob’s new girlfriend for the first time last night. (before)
4. A: Have you already been to the library?
5. I didn’t see Anne Anne at the school picnic. picnic. She left before I arrived. (by the time)
5. A: How long have you had your dog?
I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend before last night. / Before last night, I had never met Rob’s new girlfriend. By the time I arrived at the school picnic, Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time I arrived at the school picnic.
7. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple. During the past decade, the increasing presence of
has led
mobile phones 1.
B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and we went to the shopping centre. B: We got him puppy.
have done
B: I’m not sure. She hasn’t decided
their possible health effects. And lately, lately, many places 3.
have made
(make) it illegal to hold a phone
conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. During a play in New York York in September 2009, the play’s two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 4.
shouted
(shout) at a man in the audience
rang didn’t silence
when his mobile phone not only 5. (ring) several times, but he 6.
(not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, once 7. that he 8. “
called (call) a man to complain had forced ” (forced) her to listen
to his loud conversation earlier that day in a café. How 9.
did
she
g et
(get) his
phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call, and Ms Alkon simply down.
10.
wrote
(write) it
.
just B: Wait a minute. I’ve walked through the door. I want a cup of coffee first! 9. Complete the passage with the correct correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem of mobiles is rude behaviour – including loud, personal
yet
7. A: Someone delivered this this parcel for you a few minutes ago. Hurry up – open it!
(lead) to a rise (do) studies on
, when he was a
6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?
in public discussion related to their use. In recent years, researchers 2.
in 2004
then
1.
Have
h ea rd
you
(hear) of the Klingon
language? It is a language featured in many of the Star films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist, Trek films. 2.
invented
(invent) Klingon in the early
1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with fans. Since then, they Star Trek fans.
have bought
3.
(buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon
wrote (write). In addition, they 5. have established (establish) dictionary that Okrand 4.
Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also 6.
have published (publish) books and released CDs
on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play Hamlet , a project that 7.
began
several years ago. They probably
8.
(begin)
greeted
(greet) that news by saying, buy' buy' ngop ngop. That’s Klingon for “That’s great news!”
5 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Future Simple, be going to and to and Present Continuous with Future Meaning correct form 10. Complete the dialogues with the correct of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Present Continuous or be going to. There may be more than one possible answer answer..
seeing / A: 1. Are / Are / Will you going to see / see (see) Bill tonight? B: No. B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history am going to study exam.
is doing / A: Do A: Do you know what Bill is going to do (do)? will B: I’m not sure, but but he 4. play probably (play) computer 3.
games with his brother. 5.
is bringing / is going to bring (bring) food to the
A: Who A: Who picnic on Saturday?
B: David 6. is going to make /(make) B: is making enough sandwiches for everyone. And he 7. is also going to stop (stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps. A: OK. A: OK. So I 8.
will bring
B: Good. Do you think we 9. (need) anything else?
(bring) fizzy drinks.
will need
A: I I don’t think so. A:
Future Perfect Simple and Future Continuous 12. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous or Future Perfect.
buy • not practise • play • score • go not see • move • not run 1. By this time tomorrow night, John will have played in his 100th game for our team, but he hopes that at this time next year, he will be scoring goals for Manchester City.
will be going 2. I really miss Sue. I know I to visit her in three months’ time, but by then, we won’t have seen each other for six months. 3. I won’t be running in the race on Sunday won’t have because I enough by practiced then. 4. By the end end of the week, he will have bought furniture, and on will be moving into his Saturday, he new flat. 13. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French? French? 11. Write a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.
1. Those are beautiful earrings. earrings. (Mum / love / them)
is going to visit /
B: She (visit) her will be visiting boyfriend’s family in France in the summer. 2. A: I’m sorry, but there’s there’s no more milk.
will have B: In that case, I tea instead of coffee.
Mum will love them. 2. I can’t wait to move to New York! York! (I / move / there / in a few months)
I’m going to move there in a few months. 3. We have got plenty of of time. (we / not be / late)
(have)
3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow tomorrow morning?
will have had B: After ten. I breakfast by then.
(have)
4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?
We won’t be late. 4. Relax. (you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow)
You will pass the driving test tomorrow. 5. Be careful! (you / spill / the coffee)
B: Yes. I am going to go / (go) to a am going basketball game with my dad. 5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Gate Bridge? B: Yes, and in a moment, we are going to drive / (drive) over it.
will be driving
6. A: I’m looking forward forward to seeing Laura tonight.
You’re going to spill the coffee! cof fee!
B: Oh, I forgot forgot to tell you. She isn’t coming / (not come).
isn’t going to come 6 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Review of Tenses
16. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or time expression below.
how long • by then • while • never ne ver in the future • always • when at three in the morning 1. We’re bringing Sam at ten o’clock o’clock tonight. By then , all the guests will have arrived for his surprise party.
W
caught
1.
hen Jamie Oliver
(catch) the public’s attention in 1999 with his first television series The Naked Chef , he was only 23
2. Why was your dog dog barking at three in the morning?
years old. By that time, despite his young age,
always 3. She goes to the yoga class on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher.
ten years of cooking experience. Since the series
4. She’s an excellent windsurfer. windsurf er. I think she’ll win a lot of champions championships hips in the future .
4.
5.
How long
6. Did you cry
he 2.
have you known Rita?
when
the film ended?
3.
already had ended has built
business empire that
(already / have) (end) in 2001, Oliver (build) an impressive
employs
5.
(employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver
has already written (already / write) ten cookery books, and 7. will probably write (probably / 6.
7. Janis was talking on on the phone while she was cutting vegetables.
never 8. I’ve journal. It’s It’s private.
let anyone read my
write) more in the coming years. But more importantly, Oliver 8.
is using / uses
(use) his fame and
fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating.
1 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. Make any necessary changes.
1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before) (before)
Have you been to San Francisco before? 2. When did you move into this flat? (how (how long)
How long have you lived in this flat? 3. I watched a film during during the flight. (while) (while)
While we were flying, I watched a film. / I watched a film while we were flying.
4. Those are my sunglasses. sunglasses. (belong) (belong)
Those sunglasses belong to me. 5. What is that delicious delicious smell? (smells)
established
In 2002, he 9.
(establish) the
Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young people in restaurant work. Among the foundation’s “graduates” are former drug addicts and youth who 10.
were
(be) once in trouble with
the law. Oliver’s 2005 television series about the poor quality of Britain’s school lunch programme eventually 11.
led
(lead) to the government
providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008 series Jamie’ used a reality-show format Jamie’ss Ministry of Food used to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply. Millions of fans 12.
are waiting
(wait) to see
what he’ll do next – but with his history, there’s there’s little doubt that it will be both entertaining and educational.
What smells delicious? 6. He finished the report on Thursday Thursday night and handed it in on Friday. (the night before)
On Friday he handed in the report which / that he had finished the night before.
7 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across 2. There are so many people here! How will we find Jenny in this ? 4. If I were an house.
, I would buy an enormous
5. I hope your with Johnny Depp ends soon! I’m tired of hearing about him!
Fame
8. My sister met Bono, and got his box.
on a CD
9. I don’t care about the latest fashion I wear what I like.
VOCABULARY V OCABULARY
10. My father’s a scientis scientist, t, and his Einstein.
.
is Albert
Down 1. Choose the correct correct answer. answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. We had such a lavish lavish lunch that I was afterwards. a. hungry b. very full
1. There was a lot of entrance exams. 2. Jake is part of the film electrician.
4. They’re asking asking an outrageous outrageous price for for this flat. It’s . a. very reasonable b. far too too high 5. That politician is notorious for a. his many love affairs b. improving the economy
.
. He’ He’ss an assista assistant nt
3. The actor actor Christian Christian Bale Bale got got some some bad when a tape was released of him shouting at someone on a film set.
2. Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he grew up to be a very man. a. considerate b. self-centred 3. Prince Charles often makes controversial statements that . a. please everyone b. make some some people people angry
before the university
6. Robert and his their wedding. 7.
finally decided on a date for
often print lies and rumours about celebrities. 1
2
p
3
r
p 4
u b
h
6. She used to be quite wealthy, but she’ she’ss lost a lot of recently. a. money b. weight 9
i
n
6
f
c i
i a
t
n
y
c é
t
r e
a
t
u r
8
a
n d
8 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
r o w d
r i
r e s w
s s
l 5
e
c
7
a t a
e
b l
u
t o i 10
i
d s
i
s
o n
g r a o
l
p h
Unit 1 3. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.
F 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym. A bodyguard is a person who protects someone. T 2. A role model is someone we admire.
5. Complete the sentences with a suitable collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take , go or catch and the words and phrases below.
breath • blind • for granted • eye wild • by surprise 1. When we can
eye T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them.
catch
the waiter’s , let’s ask for the bill.
take good health for granted until we become ill.
2. Most of us
T 4. Fans of someone worship that person.
3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to catch my breath .
F 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at
4. Why are they letting their children go wild ? They’re disturbing everyone.
street markets.
A passer-by is someone who passes / walks by on the street.
F 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves. When we gossip, we talk about others. 4. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
straight • pursue • willing • emerges drive • instant • in the spotlight talent scouts
GORGEOUS GEORGE
in the spotlight for years as George Clooney has been a film star. But he didn’t climb 2. straight to the top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. instant star. 1.
When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career,
talent scoutsweren’t interested in him. But he had a lot drive of 5. and was 6. willing to take small
going blind 5. Jack’s dog is won’t be able to see.
and soon
6. I never expected to win the contest. It really took me by surprise . 6. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns and adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
entertainment
1. Tom is in the (entertain) industry, and lives in a luxurious (luxury) home. 2. That performer (perform) often attends charity events for good publicity (public). 3. She cares a lot about her appearance (appear), and only wears fashionable (fashion) clothes.
4.
4. In most places, political (politics) campaigns are very expensive (expense).
roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994,
5. There’s a special sales promotion (promote) this week. If you buy two CDs by the same musician (music), you get a third one free.
when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, ER. Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became a star. Since then, he’s had to cope with the problems fame can
6. We had a delightful (delight) time yesterday at theperformance(perform).
bring – and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who 7.
pursue
him whenever he 8.
emerges
in
public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life.
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and
1. If I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to
private lives better than most Hollywood stars.
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers
.
2. I was overwhelmed when
. 3. My friends and I sometimes gossip about . 4. One of my role models is . 5. I have to catch my breath when I .
9 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
GRAMMAR 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. I’m surprised that Lesley doesn’t know any French. How long been living (live) in Paris?
has
she
2. We had been sleeping (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise. 3. She had been performing(perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films. 4. The band have been recording (record) their new CD for the past two months. 5.
Have
been arguing
they
(argue)? They look upset.
2. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).
did Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. feel you (feel) when your name was announced? have wanted (want) to win Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2. this award since I was a child, and I still don’t believe I won! Did enjoy you (enjoy) the ceremony? Reporter: 3. Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans who 4. had been waiting (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet. have you been working (work) on for the past few months? Reporter: Now, what 5. Actress: Nothing! I 6. have been relaxing (relax) for these last few months! But lately, have been considering I 7. (consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years, 8. have done I (do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and I’d like to try something different. Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film! 3. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever)
Have you ever visited a film set? / Have you ever been to a film set before?
4. I finished most of my homework. Then I went out. (after)
2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since)
Madonna has been performing since 1977.
3. They haven’t released a new CD for three years. (ago)
After I had finished most of my homework, I went out. / I went out after I had finished most of my homework.
5. When did he start to play for Manchester City? (how long)
They released their last CD three years ago. / Their last CD was released three years ago.
How long has he been playing for Manchester City?
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives. One verb is used more than once.
buy • watch • begin • achieve • be
to watch the YouTube clip I sent you. 2. Sally is eager to begin her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped to buy a bottle of water. 1. Don’t forget
4. Believe it or not,
being
wealthy doesn’t solve all of life’s problems.
5. Achieving fame is an important goal for some people. 6. I stopped
buying
bottled water in order to save money.
10 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 1 5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. There may be more than one correct answer.
With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs
to take
1. I’m tired of this game. We’re playing since noon.
I’m tired of this game. We’ve been playing since noon.
2. She was directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a film.
Working for the Stars
1.
7. Correct the errors.
(take) responsibility for a great
deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting
to meet / meeting 2.
(meet) famous people, it’s not always
easy 3. working / (work) for them. Some stars are to work being (be) spoilt, which makes notorious for 4. them extremely demanding bosses. In addition,
working (work) for a celebrity often means extremely long hours and includes 6. travelling 5.
She had been directing plays for five years when she decided to direct a f ilm.
3. Be famous is all she is interested in.
Being famous is all she is interested in. 4. I didn’t forget writing my essay and hand it in on time.
I didn’t forget to write my essay and hand it in on time.
5. She had never dreamed of win Britain’s Got Talent .
She had never dreamed of winning Britain’s Got Talent.
(travel) with them – leaving very little free time for
8. Translate the sentences.
oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a
1. Tabloids have been printing articles about David and Victoria Beckham for years.
star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and fun – and provides a way
7.
to observe (observe) the
private life of a celebrity.
Los periódicos sensacionalistas han estado publicando artículos sobre David y Victoria Beckham durante años.
2. I regret saying those things to him.
Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas cosas.
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Sam didn’t think of thanking us for all our help. (remember)
Sam didn’t remember to thank us for all our help.
2. Sheri used to sing in a band, but she hasn’t done that for years. (stopped)
Sheri stopped singing in a band years ago.
3. I didn’t go straight home. I bought milk on the way. (stopped)
I stopped to buy milk on the way home. / On the way home, I stopped to buy milk.
4. I don’t think that I’ve ever met your parents. (remember)
I don’t remember ever meeting your parents.
5. I am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last week. (regret)
I regret to inform you that Mr Smith died last week.
6. I shouldn’t have eaten so much last night. (regret)
I regret eating so much last night.
3. We had been trying to buy concert tickets for two hours when we lost the Internet connection.
Llevábamos dos horas intentando comprar entradas para el concierto cuando perdimos la conexión a Internet.
4. Have you been doing yoga for a long time?
¿Has estado haciendo yoga durante mucho tiempo? / ¿Llevas mucho tiempo haciendo yoga?
5. They had been studying for weeks, so they went wild when the exams were over.
Habían estado estudiando durante semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando, así que se desmadraron cuando se acabaron los exámenes.
Grammar Review 9. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. Jim is an incredible guitarist! How long has he been playing (play)? 2. I miss you. I haven’t seen for a month! 3. Mary wants fan club.
to join
(not see) you (join) the Blur
meeting 4. Did Steve suggest for dinner before the film?
(meet)
5. Witnesses said that photographers had been pursuing(pursue) Julia Roberts for about five minutes before she shouted at them.
11 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
READING
Promoting the Stars
1. Look at the title of the text and the pictures. What do you think the text is about?
public relations for stars / trying to get publicity for stars
2. Now read the text and check your answer. 3. Find words in the text that mean:
1. harmful (paragraph 2) 2. not obvious (paragraph 2) 3. planned (paragraph 3) 4. necessary (paragraph 4)
damaging subtle orchestrated essential
Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a person, company, product or idea by generating media and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars seem to have the easiest job in PR because “getting ink” (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, there’s often too much “ink”, and it’s not always positive or to the stars’ liking. That’s why a big part of a celebrity publicist’s job is to help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing
4. Choose the correct answer.
articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as
1. When a celebrity gets “ink”, it means ... . a. they’ve got a problem b. they receive only bad publicity c. they have got a publicist d. they’re written about 2.
... . published the first photo of Tom Cruise’s wife denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures orchestrated fake paparazzi photos reported on the phenomenon of fake paparazzi photos
The Wall Street Journal
a. b. c. d.
by releasing a statement responding to the published information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken by gradually shifting attention to different, positive aspects of the stars’ lives, such as their involvement with charitable or social causes. In addition, some stars and their publicists have found a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids at their own game: they hire their own photographers or give paparazzi advance notice so they can “catch” a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of an American gossip magazine recently estimated that
5. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Find information in the text to support your answers.
F 1. Surprisingly, new technology has had little effect on media coverage of celebrities.
“… not surprisingly, in this age of … mobile-phone cameras and especially the Internet, there’s often too much ‘ink’ …”
F 2. A subtle response to bad publicity is to issue
about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category. According to an article in the respected business newspaper, The Wall Street Journal, examples of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital with her first baby and the world’s first glimpse of Tom Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes.
a statement.
“This can be done directly, such as releasing a statement ... . Or a more subtle approach can be taken …”
T 3. Fake paparazzi photos account for about 50% of published celebrity photos.
Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about their public image or what the tabloids print. But for those who do care, publicists are essential.
“… recently estimated that about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this category.” 6. Answer the question according to the text.
Why do some stars hire photographers to “surprise” them in a private moment?
Because that way they can better control what is published about them.
12 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 1
WRITING
Your Task
1. Choose the correct connector. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. Despite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather, none of the actresses wore jackets. 2. There’s excellent public transport in New York, so you won’t need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore / On the one hand, you’ll need a car in Los Angeles. 2. Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and a capital letter or a connector.
1. I studied all week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test.
I studied all week, but I didn’t know all the answers in the test. / Although I studied all week, I didn’t know all the answers in the test. 2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, it’s her birthday today. Jim is buying flowers for Sally because it’s her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for Sally. It’s her birthday today.
3. I woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at school and I realised it was Saturday.
I woke up late and left the house quickly. When I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday. 3. Complete the for and against essay with the connectors below.
despite • on the other hand • furthermore however • in addition • such as • on the one hand
Write a for and against essay about the advantages and disadvantages of celebrities publicly supporting social and political causes. Write 100-150 words.
PLANNING YOUR FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY 1. Make sure you understand the issue. 2. Brainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write a list of pros and cons. • Look at the ideas below. Which are pros? Which are cons? Which could be either a pro or a con? - celebrities can influence people
- celebrities have got access to the media - an issue that a celebrity supports may get more publicity than other important issues that lack celebrity supporters - celebrities can help raise money for a cause - people may believe celebrities’ opinions without doing their own research • Add your own ideas to the list. 3. Decide which view you support. Then decide which of the ideas above you will include in your essay. 4. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
Government Funding for the Arts In Britain, it has always been customary for the government to provide financial support However for the arts. 1. , some people wonder whether it is time to end this custom. 2. On the one hand most people don’t benefit directly from arts funding, and many never take advantage of / , government funds this help. 3. Furthermore In addition for the arts means less money for essential services, 4. such as schools, health care, public transport and the police. On the other , in comparison with those services, 5. hand arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations In addition / , arts funding allows of artists. 6. Furthermore many museums to offer free entrance, creates job opportunities and helps promote tourism. despite In conclusion, 7. the arguments against government arts funding, I believe it should continue. The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are crucial for our culture and society.
PLAN Opening: State the issue / controversy. Body: Present arguments supporting each view. Closing: Conclude and state your own opinion. 5. Write a first draft. 6. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a for and against essay. I used a variety of connectors of addition, contrast and example. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I avoided run-on sentences.
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 140 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
13
Progress Check Unit 1 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer.
1. A large crew / crowd / passer-by has been gathering all morning to greet the team when their plane lands. 2. The president emerged / pursued / gossiped in public for the first time since the scandal began. 3. Some rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use. 4. I can’t believe I’m finally meeting you! You’ve been my heiress / role model / fiancée for years! 5. My friends and I enjoy debating controversial / instant / wealthy issues.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. Linda’s very tired. She hasn’t been getting (not get) enough sleep lately. 2. You look great!
Have
you
been working out (work out)? 3. They had been going out (go out) for two years when they decided to get married. 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I don’t think that I locked the door. (remember) 2. Complete the e-mail by forming collocations with the correct form of the verbs catch, take , or go and the words below.
abroad • everyone by surprise • sight of wild • anyone’s eye • a photo
I don’t remember locking the door. 2. At the top of the hill, we paused and admired the view. (stopped)
At the top of the hill, we stopped to admire the view.
3. Don’t eat any more of the biscuits! (stop)
Hey Sue,
Stop eating the biscuits!
caught sight of last week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when by surprise You’ll never guess who I 1.
he walked into the shop, but nobody 3.
went wild
. Everyone acted really calmly.
He looked at a few shirts, tried not to
catch anyone’s , and then left. But before he eye did, I managed to 5. take a photo of him with 4.
6. Complete the sentences. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the sofa.
How long have you been following a
. ?
vegetarian diet
went abroad
for the summer? Write soon!
I fell asleep on the sofa
2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet?
my mobile (I’m sending the picture with this e-mail). Now aren’t you sorry that you 6.
After I had been reading all afternoon,
Writing
Love, Lynda
3. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets.
1. The children watched in amazement (amaze) as the magician performed his impressive (impress) tricks.
7. Complete the passage with the connectors below.
for example • moreover • despite such as Sallie Larson loves her job, 1.
despite
its
dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed
cultural 2. This summer, there are free (culture) events in the park, including a modern dance performance (perform).
hundreds of difficult stunts 2.
musician (music) appeared on 3. The young publicity (public) chat shows as part of a tour to promote his new CD.
4.
such as
running
through fire and jumping from a moving car. 3.
Moreover , she’s designed safety equipment. For example , she created new seat belt and
helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.
14 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 1
Progress Check Unit 1 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Match I to II to form sentences.
4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
I 1. The facts emerged
1. Don’t give the dog more treats. (stop)
2. Photographers pursued
Stop giving the dog treats!
3. He tried to fool
2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long)
4. They gossiped
How long have you been learning karate?
5. They were surrounded
3. First, I’ll go to the bank. Then I’ll go shopping. (after)
II
4 a. to me about their other friends. 5 b. by a lot of people. 2 c. the actor into his hotel. 1 d. slowly, after a long investigation. 3 e. me, but it didn’t work.
After I go / have gone to the bank, I’ll go shopping. / I’ll go shopping after I go / gone to the bank. 4. have He listened to music during the flight. (while) He was listening to music while flying. 5. Write a logical response with the words below. Use the correct form of the verbs.
1. Here are my keys! 2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. Every summer, a small crew performs on / builds a stage in the park. 2. I don’t understand your infatuation with him. Why don’t / do you like him so much? 3. That restaurant is notorious for its bad / good service. 4. The pressure from his parents makes Ron feel relaxed / nervous. 3. Complete the blog entry by adding a suitable suffix to the words in brackets.
I / look / for them / all day
I have been looking for them all day. 2. It took forever! we / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally / see / the / doctor
We had been waiting for three hours when we finally saw the doctor. 3. I got to school late today. by the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out / the test
By the time I walked in, the teacher had handed out the test.
Successful sports stars appear in adverts for 1.
expensive (expense) watches and 2.fashionable
(fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at lavish parties with famous 3.
musicians (music)
and actors. There are often articles about their
luxurious (luxury) homes and yachts, as well as about their occasionally 5. outrageous (outrage) 4.
behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more a part of the
entertainment (entertain) business
6.
Writing 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector below.
nevertheless • in spite of • furthermore moreover • however • although • despite 1. A lot of people don’t like him. Nevertheless , / However I think he’s very nice.
sports stars again for their 7.
2. Although she’s lived here for ten years, she’s never got used to the cold.
they give to products or for what happens in their
3. I’m not going to rent that flat. It’s too small. Moreover /, there’s no view.
than the sports business. Let’s start to appreciate
amazing (amaze) performances and not for the 8. publicity (public) private lives.
Furthermore
15 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
2
Going Green
2. The following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.
1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy ingest plastic. 2. This factory doesn’t inhabit dangerous substances because it was built with new emit “green” technology. 3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas inhabit in China. 4. If we don’t ingest our spending, we won’t have any savings left. cut down
VOCABULARY
5. Many scientists are now making their way to studying the effects of climate change.
devoted 1. Complete the captions with the words below.
6. My parents use up driving in bad weather. In fact, they never drive when it’s snowing.
debris • pollution • landfill • trash 1
Why do I always have to trash take the out?
avoid 7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon.
making their way 8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit destroy thousands of homes.
2
Now that the rain has ended, it’s going to take a lot of work to clear all this debris .
9. If we have to pay the DJ £400, we’ll avoid most of the budget and won’t have any money for use up food. 3. Complete the sentences with the words below.
halfway • fuel • logging • shortcut greenhouse effect • crops • banned bellies • voyages • renewable energy environmentally friendly • lack 3
What a shame that we can’t see much of the city today because of the air pollution .
1. I had driven halfway to your house when I realised that I hadn’t taken the short cut you had suggested. 2. The greenhouse is creating climate changes effect crops which will affect the types of that can be grown in regions of the world.
4
Soon, this landfill will be covered. We’re going to build a club on top of it.
lack 3. Severe of food for a long period of bellies to become time causes children’s very large. environmentally friendly to use
4. Experts agree that it is renewable energy . 5.
Logging is
banned in all the national
forests here.
voyages fuel .
6. Space
16 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
require a great deal of
Unit 2 4. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
carbon footprint • nightmare • emitted amount • carbon dioxide • cut down broke down • made waves • harmful
2.
by describing terrible scenarios of the future
3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean.
of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to
cut down
3.
on pollution. This would mean
amount of damaging carbon dioxide we produce. Most of us, of
reducing the 4. 5.
course, don’t even know the size of our own
carbon footprint . But a recent study of the 7. harmful environmental impact of an 6.
average British citizen provided some interesting information. The study 8.
broke down
carbon
dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories, including leisure, home-energy use and commuting. Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average, for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is
emitted
9.
a. They were exactly where I had left them. b. I couldn’t find them anywhere.
a. She talks too much. b. She’s not like everyone else.
In recent years, many respected scientists have
made waves nightmare
1. My glasses vanished into thin air.
2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air to the office.
LEISURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
1.
6. Choose the sentence that best follows the original.
by each person in Britain. Think
about this the next time you watch a football match in a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday!
a. It was more than we expected. b. We need to raise a lot more. 4. With your education, the sky’s the limit. a. You can achieve anything you want. b. There’s a limit to what you’ll be able to achieve. 5. John’s very down to earth. a. He’s very depressed. b. He’s easy to talk to. 6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg. a. I don’t expect there to be any more difficulties. b. I expect that we’ll soon face other problems as well. 7. Don’t make a mountain out of a molehill. a. It’s really not a problem. b. You should be more concerned. 8. Pollution has wiped out many species. a. They’re more dangerous. b. They no longer exist.
5. Match I to II to form sentences.
I 1. My computer isn’t working properly. I hope it isn’t going to
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think I’ll
1. One of the locally grown crops is
3. There’s so much to learn for this exam. We need to 4. That’s a great idea! I’ll
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
.
2. I should cut down on
5. When Lori and I see sad films, we
.
6. I’m not taking the bus home. Lee said he’ll
3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, I’d like to go
7. Most experts don’t expect the economy to II
. 4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up
6 a. pick me up. 1 b. break down. 3 c. break it down into sections.
. 5. The last thing of mine that broke down was .
2 d. pick everything up quickly. 5 e. usually break down at the end. 4 f. bring it up at the meeting. 7 g. pick up until early next year.
6. My worst nightmare is that . 7. I was brought up .
17 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
GRAMMAR
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative.
needn’t have brought
1. Choose the sentence that best follows the original.
1. You should have been there! a. It was a fantastic concert. b. I’m sure you’ll enjoy it.
1. We (need / bring) umbrellas with us. It hasn’t rained at all today! 2. I’m going to be late! I should have woken up (should / wake up) an hour ago! 3. All these jeans are on sale, so I might buy (might / buy) two pairs.
2. I might leave my phone at home. a. Now I’m sorry that I haven’t got it with me. b. I don’t think I’ll need it. 3. They might have missed the train. a. If they hurry, they’ll catch it. b. If they did, they’ll be on the next one. 4. We could have helped them. a. I wonder why they didn’t ask us. b. I wonder if they’ll ask us to help. 2. Write a sentence to describe each picture with the words below. Use a modal or modal perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer.
4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He shouldn’t have cut (should / cut) it. 5. I would have taken (would / take) the bus, but it left as I arrived. 6. Lucy’s got a bad case of food poisoning. The fish at the restaurant must have been (must / be) off. 7. Joe couldn’t repair (could / repair) my computer, so I called a technician. 4. Choose the correct answer.
Zero Rubbish
1
Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh / must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about
Karen / wear / a jacket
Karen should have worn a jacket.
25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the amount of rubbish he produced. But nobody’s laughing these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give /
2
must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the
first to adopt a “zero-rubbish” lifestyle. The former environmental studies lecturer knew long
Mark / leave / the keys in the door
ago that one of the ways we 3. can’t reduce /
Mark must/may/might have left the keys in the door.
can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint
3
is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following what some environmentalists call “the three Rs”: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases, recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on
they / be / delighted
They must/should be delighted. 4
repairing or donating items that you 4. can’t recycle / shouldn’t recycle / could have recycled.
Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he 5.
should have thrown / would have thrown /
must have thrown into the bin. After following a
zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical month’s
we / get / here / so late
worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into
We shouldn’t have got here so late.
a small paper bag.
18 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 2 5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of should or had better , affirmative or negative. There may be more than one correct answer.
8. Correct the errors.
1. You should wear that colour more often. It looks great on you.
2. I’m not sure who’s singing that song. It might have been Madonna.
1. I don’t see Emma here. She must leave.
I don’t see Emma here. She must have left.
2. I think he’s having a heart attack! We should / call an ambulance immediately!
I’m not sure who’s singing that song. It might be Madonna.
had 3. You use any of my things while better not I’m gone, or I’ll be very angry.
3. The president should has begun worrying about the environment years ago.
had better
4. I know that I shouldn’t eat so much junk food.
The president should have begun worrying about the environment years ago.
6. Rewrite the sentences with the modals in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
4. Would have Jane helped you?
Would Jane have helped you? 5. We’d better to get petrol soon.
We’d better get petrol soon.
1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can)
Can I borrow your pen? 9. Translate the sentences.
2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to drink. (mustn’t)
We mustn’t drink the water in this river. 3. It’s possible that Jeff didn’t receive the message. (might not)
Jeff might not have received the message. 4. There’s no need for Julie to help me cook for the party. (not have to)
1. Our country must cut down the amount of energy that we use.
Nuestro país debe reducir la cantidad de energía que usamos.
2. Road safety should be taught to young children to avoid road accidents.
Se debería enseñar seguridad vial a los/as niños/as pequeños/as para evitar accidentes de tráfico.
Julie doesn’t have to help me cook for the party.
3. You’d better take the shortcut or you’ll be late.
That story can’t be real. / I can’t believe that story is real.
4. You shouldn’t have brought up the subject of money.
Será mejor que cojas el atajo o llegarás tarde.
5. I doubt that story is real. (can’t)
No deberías haber planteado el asunto del dinero.
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
5. Celia may have broken down because of the bad news.
1. Next year, I might
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a causa de la mala noticia.
.
2. My parents think I should
. 3. My friends had better not . 4. People my age can’t
Grammar Review
.
10. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
.
1. Our teacherhas been working (work) in the school for the past 20 years.
.
2. We had been playing (play) tennis for an hour before Carol joined us.
5. When I was younger, my parents should have 6. At weekends, I don’t have to
3.
7. Last year, I should have .
Windsurfing
(windsurf) is a popular sport
in Australia. 4. I should have gone (should / go) on holiday last month when the prices were lower. 5. This milk
smells
(smell) off.
19 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
READING
The Environmental Costs of Being Online
1. Read the article quickly, ignoring difficult words. Then answer the questions.
There’s no doubt that the Internet has got environmental
1. What problem does the writer describe?
costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed
online pollution
benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean
2. What are some of the causes of the problem?
fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more
huge amounts of Google searches / web page viewing / complex, online virtual-reality game playing
news and music online, energy costs of producing and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are
2. Read the text again and choose the best answer according to the text.
being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together
1. The information technology industry ... . a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse gas as airlines do c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the airline industry d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the airline industry
travelling long distances.
2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... . a. are among the most energy-saving facilities b. consume a great deal of energy c. don’t need a lot of electricity d. help Google conserve energy
The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the
3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute Google search ... . a. uses more energy b. creates about two-thirds more CO2 c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide d. generates 10 g more CO2
But what does this mean for the average computer user?
people who, a few years ago, couldn’t have met without
But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon footprint. You might be sur prised to learn that, according to a recent study, the information technology industry emits approximately 2% of the world’s CO2 (carbon dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse gases as the global airline industry.
huge server computers of Google and other data centres, which are, says researcher Evan Mills, “among the most energy-intensive facilities imaginable”.
Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online performing a Google search or viewing web pages can generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as
3. Complete the sentences according to the text.
a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period.
1. By using e-mail, we’re able to savepaper, electricity With more than 200 million Internet searches performed costs for processing ordinary letters and on the . each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new fuel needed to pick up and deliver them 2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity, amount of electricity in a year as players of many scientists believe it’s time to find ways to cut down online virtual-reality games do over the . the Internet’s environmental cost. same period 3. Every day, more than 200 million Internet searches are performed . 4. Find words in the text that mean:
1. things that are bought (paragraph 1) purchases 2. the cause of a problem (paragraph 3) culprit 3. create (paragraph 4) generate
20 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 2
Your Task
WRITING
Write a letter of complaint to your local newspaper about the lack of sports facilities in your area. Write 100-150 words.
1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the informal language in brackets with formal words and phrases.
11 Pickwick Road Corsham Wiltshire 7th May 2010
Ms Allison Murray President NewSounds Records 49 Dean Street London Dear (Allison)
1.
Madam
,
to express my concern regarding
I’m writing (to tell you about) 2. the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records. To begin with, I (really don’t like) 3. strongly disagree that your company uses plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes valuable natural resources. Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of paper on which the inserted booklets are printed because it is unsuitable for recycling. Many record companies are packaging CDs in paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled and recyclable materials. I (really think that) 4. strongly urge NewSounds to do the same in order to reduce its carbon footprint. (Can’t wait to hear from you.) 5. I look forward (Sincerely,)
6.
Yours faithfully,
to your reply.
James Emerson
WRITING A LETTER OF COMPLAI NT 1. Decide what you want to say. Think about the following questions:
- What effect does the problem have on the people in your community? - Why does it bother you personally? - What actions should be taken? 2. Think of a way to convince the reader that this problem is important. Which of the following sentences could be used in your letter?
1. I like sport. 2. Young people who participate in sport are less likely to be bored and get involved in crime. 3. Playing sport regularly is part of a healthy lifestyle. 4. Team sports make you feel part of your community. 5. Being an athlete makes you more popular. 3. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 1 and the plan below to help you.
PLAN Opening: State the purpose of your letter. Body: Give information and details. Closing: Request / Demand action.
4. Write a first draft. 5. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a formal letter. I used formal language. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.
2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.
1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs.
Buying music online is cheaper than buying CDs. 2. Tim’s scooter is newer than the one Rachel has.
Tim’s scooter is newer than Rachel’s. 3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.
Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long legs. See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 141 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
21
Progress Check Unit 2 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Replace each word or expression in bold with a suitable expression below. Make any necessary changes.
break down • pick up • make waves cut down • vanish into thin air • bring up 1. She learned photography on her own, without picked up any formal training. 2. Many people could easily decrease the amount cut down of water they use. 3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began to cry. broke down
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of a modal or modal perfect and the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer.
should ask 1. I think we (ask) Lynne for help. She knows a lot about computers. 2. She shouldn’t have/ (prepare) so much needn’t have prepared food. Nobody was very hungry. 3. Iwould have called(call) you sooner, but I was busy. 4.
Can/May/ I Could
have
(have) some water,
please?
4. I don’t want to cause problems, so I won’t make waves complain.
5.
5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the police were chasing him. vanish into thin air
6. Nobody reaction. He really surprised us.
6. Why did you start to talk about my party in front of Donna? I asked you not to!
bring up 2. Complete the passage with the words and expressions below.
carbon footprint • bellies • amount a drop in the ocean • renewable energy fuel • environmentally-friendly People who work out at Central Gym in Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from
bellies , they’re also a source of 2.renewable energy that helps their 1.
provide power to the gym. Specially-designed exercise machines capture the electrical energy produced by exercisers, which then becomes 3.
fuel
to power the lights above
the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery.
amount of energy that’s created by these 5.environmentally-friendly a drop workouts is only 6. compared in the ocean Of course, the 4.
to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But
researchers hope that eventually, human-powered energy will be much more widely and efficiently captured and used. So, what could be better than increasing your fitness while reducing your 7.
carbon footprint ?
Would
like (like) to join us? could have (predict) his predicted you
4. Write sentences with the words below. Use the correct form of should or had better .
1. I don’t think Ellen looks good with short hair. She / let / her hair / grow / long / again
She should let her hair grow long again. 2. You’ll fail the course unless you finish the project on time. We / work / on / it / today
We had better work on it today. 3. David’s not feeling well. He / go / out / tonight
He shouldn’t go out tonight.
Writing 5. Rewrite the sentence below using formal language. There may be more than one correct answer.
I really think you’ve got to do something really fast to solve this problem. Possible Answer
In my opinion, something must be done quickly in order to solve this problem. 6. Rewrite the sentence using parallel structures.
Recycling plastic is better than to put it in landfills.
Recycling plastic is better than putting it in landfills.
22 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 2
Progress Check Units 1-2 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the passage with the words below.
pollution • trend • wealthy • harmful lack • lavish • publicity • the sky’s the limit For 1.
wealthy actors, such as George Clooney
and Leonardo DiCaprio, or rich businessmen like the
the sky’s when it comes to the limit lack buying a car. There’s certainly no 3. of 4. lavish vehicles, either. But recently, choices of founders of Google, 2.
they all made an interesting choice of a new car when they were among the first purchasers of the Tesla Roadster – a new electric sports car made by a small, independent manufacturer. This battery-powered vehicle produces far less
5.
pollution than an
ordinary petrol-powered car, and has much less of a 6.
harmful effect on the environment. With a price
tag of over $100,000, it’s unlikely that the Tesla will become a widespread 7.
trend
celebrity owners certainly create good
. However, its 8.
publicity
for electric cars in general.
3. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I’m sure that Sam is disappointed. (must)
Sam must be disappointed. 2. I regret not bringing my iPod with me. (should)
I should have brought my iPod with me. 3. Jeff planned to arrive earlier, but there was a lot of traffic. (would)
Jeff would have arrived earlier, but there was a lot of traffic.
4. This is his first teaching job. (before)
He’s never taught before. / He’s never had a teaching job before.
5. When did you first begin to study environmental science here? (how long)
How long have you been studying environmental science here?
6. Sir, parking isn’t allowed here. (had better)
Sir, you had better park somewhere else. / Sir, you had better not park here.
Writing
2. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.
F 1. When you ingest something, you throw it
4. Complete the sentences with a logical ending. Pay attention to the words in bold.
1. Dave likes to watch TV and
away.
When you ingest something, you consume it.
F 2. When you emerge, you can’t be seen. When you emerge, you can be seen.
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
.
2. There are many ways to conserve water. For instance, we .
T 3. When you are willing, you offer or agree to
3. I have to tidy my room every week. In addition, I have to .
something.
F 4. When you inhabit a place, you visit it. When you inhabit a place, you live in it.
4. Sally especially likes British bands such as
T 5. When you pursue something, you follow it.
5. Flying in a plane is faster than
.
.
F 6. When something is a breath of fresh air,
6. The service at this restaurant is terrible. However,
it’s good for the environment.
.
When something is a breath of fresh air, it’s new and different.
23 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
3
2. Complete the captions with the verbs below.
expose • launch • crawl • lean • crash 1
crawl You can’t continue to You must drive a bit faster.
.
Online World VOCABULARY
2
I want a style that doesn’t expose my bald spot.
1. Match I to II to form sentences.
I 1. I’m sure that Ben has read my e-mails 2. Jake had a problem with the computer this morning, 3. I know you’re upset because
3
4. He was relieved
crash Oh, no! Please, please don’t now! My report’s due in the morning!
5. He taught me how to keep my computer safe 6. You have to enter a password 7. Oh, no! What am I going to do? This message says 8. He finally turned off the television II
6 a. when you log onto this website. 3 b. your job interview didn’t turn out well.
4
Our market research shows that the time is right to launch the new TOP phone.
5
Please don’t
8 c. and helped me tidy up the flat. 1 d. even though he’s denied it. 4 e. that he hadn’t accidentally deleted his work.
7 f. that all my files have been permanently removed.
2 g. but he restarted it and everything’s fine now.
5 h. and prevent other people from seeing what’s on it.
24 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
lean
on my car.
Unit 3 3. Complete the dialogue with the words and phrases below.
online • available • user-friendly updated • google • access social-networking sites • portable Salesman: May I help you? Ellen: Yes, please. I’m looking for a new computer. It’s got to be lightweight and 1.
portable ,
because I want to be able to take it to cafés.
Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook, especially if you’re going to use it mainly to go
5. Complete each sentence with the adjectives below.
pressing • affluent • close-up • overjoyed 1. Steve was polite, but he wasn’t overjoyed to see me. 2. A lot of affluent high-tech executives have expensive homes in this neighbourhood. 3. We have several pressing topics to discuss, but the most urgent is the book fair. 4. I can see every detail of the bee in the close-up 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable collocation. Use the verbs and nouns below.
online to 3. google people or visit 4. social- , such as Facebook. We’ve got networking sites several models 5. available that are all smaller, 2.
Verbs: • download • enter • charge • forward • post
and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop. They’re also very 6.
user– there’s nothing friendly
complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can 7.
access
the Internet wherever there’s a
wireless connection.
Ellen: Do netbooks come with 8.
updated
programs, like the latest version of Office?
Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately. Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see what you’ve got ... .
.
Nouns: • your password • an attachment • a song • information • a mobile phone
1. You charge a mobile when its battery is low.
phone enter your 2. You have to password
in order to access
some websites.
3. When you want to send a document or photo to forward an someone, you .
attachment
4. It sometimes takes a long time to download a song onto a computer. 5. When you add something to your Facebook page, you post information .
4. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. All employees use cars / computers from the company’s fleet. 2. The Olympic athletes entered the stadium, wearing / carrying poles with the flags of their countries. 3. For safety, a fence was built over / around the pool. 4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday. 5. I had a sudden urge to eat meat, so I ordered a hamburger / became a vegetarian.
7. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and suitable prepositions.
reminds me of (remind) you. 2. I applied for (apply) five jobs last week. 3. When did you first hear about (hear) this? 1. Sally
4. He depends on (depend) his parents for money. 5. I’ve thought of (think) the perfect present for her. 8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. My favourite social-networking site is
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
6. Diana keeps all her important papers / T-shirts in a folder.
2. I recently googled
7. My music files are organised on my computer / in CD boxes.
3. If I were affluent, I would
8. This software comes with a tutorial that provides a discount / instructions .
4. Someone once forwarded me
. . . .
5. I bought an amazing device that .
25 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
GRAMMAR
4. Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 3 by completing the sentences below. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. The exam had been completed by 11.30 yesterday . 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.
1. The phone should be charged (should / charge) for 12 hours before you use it. 2. Tickets will be / are going (sell) next week.
to be sold
3. Since the band put their latest song online, has been it (download) by downloaded thousands of fans.
2. People once believed that the world was flat . 3. Experts consider junk food to be unhealthy . 4. Companies often launch new products with publicity campaigns and free samples . 5. A major games company is now producing
the computer game she designed
(must / take)
5. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.
5. By the time we completed the survey, it had been answered (answer) by 420 people.
BECOMING FAMOUS ON YOUTUBE
must have been taken
4. This photo in the winter. Look at the snow!
2. Write a logical continuation with the words in brackets. Use the passive form of the verb.
1. I’ve just received an e-mail from Amazon. (my package / deliver / next week)
My package will be delivered next week. 2. I didn’t eat anything at the party. (all the food / eat / by the time / I arrive)
All the food had been eaten by the time I arrived.
3. The invitations are finally addressed. (they / not / send out / yet)
They haven’t been sent out yet. 4. You can check tomorrow’s weather. (forecasts / give / on several websites)
Forecasts are given on several websites.
When Jawed Karim, one of YouTube’s founders, 1.
posted
(post) the first video there
could have predicted
on 23rd April 2005, nobody 2.
(could / predict) that the website would become one of the most popular on the Internet. Each minute, at least 20 hours of video
3.
(upload) to the site, which
4.
are uploaded was bought
(buy) by Google in 2006. The selection of videos includes films, television shows, homemade music videos, documentaries, as well as some short films that 5.
are considered (consider) to be
original and artistic by serious critics. In addition, many YouTube “stars” 6.
have been created
(create) over the past few years. These are people whose videos 7.
have been watched
(watch)
by millions of people. Among these stars are
3. Complete the sentences with the correct active or passive form of the verbs below. Use each verb only once.
launch • complete • consider produce • believe 1. By 11.30 yesterday, everyone had completed the exam.
was
2. It world was flat. 3. Junk food
once believed that the
is considered
Matt Harding, thanks to his videos of himself dancing with people all over the world, and Ryan Higa, whose video “How to Be a Ninja” 8.
has been viewed (view) over 20 million
times so far. Another YouTube star is Lauren Luke, a young Englishwoman whose popular series of videos about applying make-up led to her own make-up line that 9.
was launched (launch)
in April 2009. It’s this unpredictable variety of
to be unhealthy.
videos that keep people hooked on YouTube!
are 4. New products often launched with publicity campaigns and free samples. is 5. The computer game she designed being now by a major games company. produced
26 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Matt Harding dancing in India
.
Unit 3 6. Rewrite the sentences using two passive structures.
1. They’re using computer animation to make the film.
Computer animation is being used to make the film. The film is being made by using computer animation. 2. We will e-mail the concert tour dates to everyone next week.
The concert tour dates will be e-mailed to everyone next week. Everyone will be e-mailed the concert tour dates next week.
8. Correct the errors.
1. The decision has already be made.
The decision has already been made. 2. At the moment, passwords are been changed.
At the moment, passwords are being changed. 3. The dates of the meetings will be sent everyone.
The dates of the meetings will be sent to everyone.
4. Sorry, Mrs Rivero. I’m late because I’ve checked my teeth at the dentist today.
Sorry, Mrs Rivero. I’m late because I had my teeth checked at the dentist today.
3. Someone sent me flowers on my birthday.
Flowers were sent to me on my birthday. I was sent flowers on my birthday. 4. Experts believe that Internet addiction is a growing problem.
It is believed that Internet addiction is a growing problem. Internet addiction is believed to be a growing problem. 5. People think his videos are very entertaining.
His videos are thought to be very entertaining. It is thought that his videos are very entertaining. 7. Complete the e-mail with the correct causative form of the verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.
cut • install • put on • made • deliver
5. Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to was the fastest one in the world.
Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to be the fastest one in the world. 9. Translate the sentences.
1. A new product has just been launched for the Spanish market.
Se acaba de lanzar un nuevo producto para el mercado español.
2. Certain expensive items can be bought only by affluent people.
Ciertos artículos caros pueden ser comprados solamente por gente acomodada.
3. Nobody understood why all those photos had been deleted.
Nadie comprendió por qué habían sido borradas todas esas fotos.
[email protected]
Hi Jon, Thanks for the e-mail! I’m glad you finally 1. had / got an Internet connection installed . I’m busy these days – and not only with studying. cut I 2. had / got my hair the other day, and today I’m taking my motorbike to the garage to 3. have / get new tyres put on . 4. will have / While that’s being done, I an extra get made to my flat, so you can set of keys have a set when you visit next week. When you come, we should invite friends over, rent have a couple of films and 5. burgers and delivered chips . See you in a few days! Angie
4. These images shouldn’t have been removed from our website.
Estas imágenes no deberían haberse eliminado de nuestra página web.
5. USB flash drives are said to be quite affordable.
Se dice que las memorias USB son bastante asequibles.
Grammar Review 10. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. We were met by friends who had been waiting (wait) for us for an hour. 2.
Skiing
(ski) is a popular sport.
3. We didn’t like the restaurant that Gina recommended. We should have gone (should / go) to a different place. 4. The book was reviewed newspapers last week. 5. That girl
looks
(review) in several (look) familiar.
27 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
@
READING 1. Read the first sentence in each paragraph in the text. In which paragraph do you think you will find the following information?
Internet Addiction
1. whether Internet addiction is considered an official disorder 4
Do you neglect responsibilities whenever you have the
2. some signs of Internet addiction
1
urge to spend time online? Do you feel depressed if you’re away from a computer game for too long? Do you
3. what needs to be considered when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction 3
lie about the amount of time you spend online? Is your
4. why Ben Alexander was in a treatment
virtual social life more important than your real social
centre
life? If so, they may be signs that you have an Internet,
5
gaming or computer addiction – now commonly called
5. how Internet addiction differs from some other addictions
Internet addiction.
2
Since the mid-1990s, when the problem first began to 2. Now read the entire text and check your answers.
be widely discussed among mental-health professionals, comparisons have been made between excessive
3. Complete the sentences according to the text.
computer use and addictions to gambling, drugs or
1. Mental-health professionals first began
alcohol. There are differences, though, especially as
discussing the problem of Internet addiction in the mid 1990s
.
2. South Korea and the United States are among
the countries that already have got . rehabilitation programmes for Internet addiction sufferers
4. Choose the correct answer.
Internet addiction doesn’t usually involve losing money or pose an imminent threat to one’s physical health. Moreover, many experts say that an Internet addiction diagnosis shouldn’t be based mainly on the amount of time devoted to the activity. Instead, they say, what must
1. Among the signs of Internet addiction NOT mentioned is ... . a. spending money online b. neglecting responsibilities c. depression d. socialising online only
be examined is the negative effect the activity has on
2. The most important factor to consider when making a diagnosis of Internet addiction is ... . a. the amount of time spent online b. the impact online or gaming activities has on someone’s life c. a person’s favourite online activities d. whether someone uses the Internet at work
Internet addiction is not yet accepted as a mental disorder
someone’s life. Someone who stays home from school or a job in order to remain online, for instance, or who gains emotional satisfaction only from their gaming or virtual social life, should be considered an addict.
by the American Psychiatric Association or similar professional organisations elsewhere (though it may soon gain official recognition in China). Despite this, a wide range of treatments is already available for it, including rehabilitation programmes in South Korea, China, the USA and other countries. Critics may point to this as proof that addiction specialists are already benefitting
5. Find words in the text that mean the opposite of:
1. pay attention to (paragraph 1) 2. not enough (paragraph 2) 3. loses (paragraph 3) 4. suffering (paragraph 4)
neglect excessive gains benefitting
from creating a new group of patients to treat. But that probably doesn’t matter to sufferers like 19-yearold Ben Alexander who, in September 2009, was the first patient at ReSTART, a treatment centre in the USA. He didn’t finish university because of his inability to limit the amount of time he spent playing the video game World of Warcraft . Hopefully, ReSTART will enable
Ben to regain control of his life.
28 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 3
WRITING
Your Task Write an opinion essay about the following statement: Using a mobile phone in public venues is impolite. Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose the correct connector.
1. So that / Due to / In order to get an iPhone at a discount, you have to show your student ID. 2. She enjoys living here. Therefore, / Due to / Because she’s not sure that she wants to attend university anywhere else. 3. Paul is one of the nicest people I know. As a result, / Because / For this reason, I’d like to introduce him to your sister. 2. Add apostrophes where necessary.
WRITING AN OPINION ESSAY 1. Make sure you understand the issue. 2. Decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. 3. Brainstorm ideas you can use to support your opinion. Look at the points below. Which could be used by someone who agrees with the statement above? Which could be used by someone who disagrees?
1. The dogs ’ fur is white, but its tail is black.
- ignoring people when using mobile phones
2. Can you hear the peoples ’ screams? Theyre ’ so frightened.
- same as talking face to face
3. I love your jacket. Its ’ beautiful.
- loud mobile-phone ringtones - lit screens disturb
3. Complete the opinion essay with suitable connectors. There may be more than one correct answer.
Too Much Self-Service Online? More and more business is being conducted online, from banking to booking travel tickets. While many people like this trend, I think it has disadvantages for the consumer. First of all, a credit or debit card is usually needed a result / 1. in order to make online purchases. 2. As Therefore , people who lack these cards can’t take advantage of Internet deals such as low-priced plane tickets. Second, the ability to print boarding passes or tickets at home is presented to consumers as an advantage – but it is also an inconvenience 3. because / it costs us since time and money for the ink and paper. Finally, online orders are often difficult to change, and customer service is not always readily available. 4.For this reason / Therefore, some people are nervous about making online purchases. All in all, I don’t think that consumers who do their business online are always treated well. Consumers should let companies know when they don’t like this self-service approach.
- acceptable behaviour today 4. Decide which ideas to include in your essay. Think of facts, details and examples to support your arguments. 5. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
PLAN Opening: Present the issue and your opinion. Body: Present reasons, facts and examples to support your opinion. Closing: Restate your opinion and / or make suggestions. 6. Write a first draft. 7. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for an opinion essay. I used connectors of cause and result and connectors of purpose. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I checked that the verbs and subjects agree.
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 142 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
29
Progress Check Unit 3 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer.
1. Don’t crawl / lean on the wall! The paint is wet! 2. Luckily, I didn’t lose my work when my computer crashed / restarted. 3. The pole / fence around our garden is made of wood. 4. The password / tutorial is easy to remember. 5. I’m sorry, but there’s no available / pressing appointment today. 6. She grew up in an affluent / updated family, so she never had to worry about money.
4. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive. Urban legends – those scary or weird stories that 1.
are said
(say) to be true but aren’t –
have been around for a long time. In the 1800s in England, for instance, rumours 2. spread
/ were spread
(spread) of the existence of a man who 3.
was referred
(refer) to as Spring-Heeled
Jack. He had a terrifying appearance and could jump very high. Since the mid-1930s, tales 4.
have been told (tell) of alligators living in the
2. Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. Pay attention to the words in bold.
sewers under New York City. Nowadays, urban legends
1. Some packaged foods seem to consist mainly of chemicals.
millions of people 6.
2. We’re going to stay on the beach!
at / in
a hotel right
5.
are making / (make) their way around the make
world with the click of a mouse. In recent years,
have read
(read) that
certain tight jeans can kill the wearer and that poisonous spiders often 7.
live
(live)
in passenger jet bathrooms. Both of these stories are
3. I like Charles, but I wouldn’t depend on him for anything important. 4. You forgot to remind me birthday.
for 5. Kate applied driving licence yesterday.
about
Sue’s
false. But even if we know that urban legends are untrue, many of us still enjoy reading them. They’ve even become the subject of research for some folklore specialists who keep a close eye on the Internet to learn
her provisional
which are “going viral” – that is, which urban legends 8.
are being read (read) by and forwarded to
millions of people.
3. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below.
turn out • fleet • urge • deny • access delete 1. When some ex-smokers get the for a cigarette, they chew gum. 2. Don’t worry. Everything will perfectly.
urge
turn out
5. Did he
deny
access
5. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector of cause, result or purpose. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. A lot of cafés offer free wireless Internet access because it attracts customers.
delete this sentence from 3. You should your essay. It’s unnecessary. 4. I have no idea why I can’t Internet at the moment.
Writing
the
2. Meg can’t eat sugar. Therefore , she has to read food labels carefully. 3. Due to / a computing error, the January Because of electricity bills were incorrect.
that he had been cheating?
6. They offer good prices on all the cruise ships in fleet their .
6. Choose the correct answer.
1. His friend’s / friends’ jacket is very expensive. 2. It’s / Its going to rain soon.
30 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 3
Progress Check Units 1-3 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the words and expressions below.
shortcuts • landfills • emerged • devices exposed • delete • fool making a mountain out of a molehill tip of the iceberg • social-networking sites 1. Some combinations of computer keyboard keys shortcuts can be used as quick to delete add or text. 2. Unfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes fool a lot of people, and the scams we know about are only the tip of the iceberg . 3. New facts about the businessman’s crimes have emerged in recent days, and details about his private life have also been exposed . 4. Mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices shouldn’t be disposed of landfills in . 5. I think that those who say it’s dangerous to meet people through social-networking are making a mountain . sites
out of a molehill
3. Complete the sentences so that they have a similar meaning to the original. Make any necessary changes.
1. Have you watered the plants? Have the plants
been watered
?
2. This is the first time I’ve eaten Thai food. I ’ve / have never eaten Thai food before . 3. We got to the concert after it began. The concert had already begun by the time.
we arrived
4. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1.
Should
blog identities
be
(should / be) private? That’s the question many people
have been asking (ask) since August 2009. A judge made in New York 3. (make) Google 2.
reveal the name of a blogger who, in one of her blog
had insulted (insult) model Liskula Cohen. Many people 5. were angered (anger) by this decision, which 6. was considered (consider) to be a threat to free speech. “I 7. would have agreed entries, 4.
(would / agree) with the judge’s verdict, but the blogger
hadn’t threatened(not threaten) Cohen in any way,”
8.
2. Complete the passage with the verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.
said one New York lawyer. But other people celebrated the judge’s decision as a reminder that people
forward • post • take • catch
9.
shouldn’t be allowed
(should not / allow) to write
We do things so fast online that we don’t always stop to
whatever they want anonymously. What’s your opinion
forward an e-mail containing a post silly joke to a friend or 2. new messages or
on the matter?
think before we
1.
pictures on our Facebook page. Next time, pause for a moment. Is your friend studying so much that he / she can hardly 3.
catch
his / her breath? Then you
may not want to bother him / her with an unnecessary e-mail. Did you 4.
take / post a photo of someone that
might embarrass them? Then perhaps it’s better not to put it on your Facebook page, as it’s difficult to know who will 5.
catch
before you click.
sight of it. Remember: think
Writing 5. Rewrite the run-on sentences below with suitable connectors. Make any necessary changes. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. I want to go on holiday this summer, I need to earn some money.
I want to go on holiday this summer, so I need to earn some money.
2. We took umbrellas, it didn’t rain.
We took umbrellas but it didn’t rain / even though it didn’t rain.
3. I was upset, I was also embarrassed.
I was upset and embarrassed. 31 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
4 Sense It
2. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below.
accurate • mouth-watering • tough nasty • weird • all the rage
tough 1. The exercise class was too for me. I’ll have to find an easier one. 2. I don’t like high heels, even though they’re all the rage now. 3. Instructions must be
accurate
.
nasty 4. She said some things to me last night. She’d better apologise. weird
5. That story is too
VOCABULARY 1. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
to be true.
6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes and biscuits. 3. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
Across
1. This pattern smells / looks great.
1. stay in the same place
2. This song / book has no rhythm.
4. speak in an extremely soft voice
3. Residents complain about the bad / loud odours from the factory.
6. look at intently for a period of time
4. My only purchase was a laptop / toothache.
7. cause something to happen
5. There’s a new exhibit I’d like to eat at / see. 6. I love the scent of lemons, although I don’t like to eat / smell them.
Down 2. move closer 3. smell bad
4. Make as many logical pairs by combining the adjectives and nouns below.
5. keep something for the future 6. move one’s hand gently on something 1 3
4
w
5
7
t
h
p
t
p e r
i n
t
k
e
i
e m a
r
s
s
o r
2
g g
s
p 6
s
t
o a
t
c
e r
h
i
n
r
e
Nouns: • skin • hair • meal • material • colour • noise
Adjectives: • tasty • bright • pale • faint • smooth 1.
tasty meal
2.
bright colour
3.
o
4.
bright material pale colour
k
5.
pale skin
e
6.
pale material
7.
faint noise
8. 9.
smooth skin smooth material
10.
smooth hair
32 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 4 5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
bitter • all the rage • accurate • savoury • flavour • trigger • take advantage of
Umami – The Fifth Taste Tastes used to be categorised into four categories: sweet, salty, sour and 2.
1.
bitter
accurate list must include a fifth taste – umami. This refers to the rich and 3.
. But now, any
savoury taste some
foods, like Parmesan cheese, have. Umami was first identified in the early 1900s by Japanese researchers who traced its source to seaweed, long
flavour to food. Umami cookery is 5. all the rage these days, take and it may even have health benefits. For instance, people can 6. umami to lower their salt advantage of used in Japanese cooking to give extra
4.
intake. Moreover, people who eat umami-rich diets tend to eat fewer calories. The reason for this is believed to be that umami-poor food leaves people dissatisfied, which will
7.
trigger the desire to eat more.
6. The following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the phrasal verbs in bold with the correct phrasal verb in bold from a different sentence. Make any necessary changes.
1. Looking at those old photos started up a lot of happy memories. 2. Our school set off a website last year.
brought back
set up
3. At first, he started over as a painter, but for the past 30 years, he’s done mainly sculpture.
started out 4. I didn’t like my drawing in art class, so I decided to set up. 5. The loud noise brought back the alarm.
start over
set off
6. I want to set Paul back to the party tonight. I think he’ll have fun. bring … along 7. She started out her first business when she was 15 years old.
started up
8. When the tennis star broke her ankle, it brought her along, and she didn’t win a match for over a year.
set … back 7. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
I
II
3 a. But we keep in touch with each other. 5 b. Where’s their common sense?
1. She ignores everything I say. 2. We rarely agree about politics. 3. They moved abroad three years ago. 4. She has to learn not to treat people so rudely. 5. That’s a stupid idea.
6 c. They don’t have much of a sweet tooth. 1 d. It just goes in one ear and out the other. 4 e. Someone should give her a taste of her own medicine.
6. They rarely eat dessert.
2 f. We simply don’t see eye to eye. 8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. A recent purchase I made was Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
.
2. I was in a bad mood because
.
3. It goes in one ear and out the other when adults tell teens
.
4. In my opinion, a pleasant aroma is
.
5. I once saw an exhibit of
.
6. I’d like to start up a
.
7. I think it’s disgusting when
.
8. I once stared at someone who
.
33 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
GRAMMAR
I’ve never surfed before.
1. Complete the sentences with the reporting verbs below. There may be more than one correct answer.
denied • complained • advised • asked warned • suggested • reminded refused • wondered
asked me why I was in a bad mood. 2. David reminded me that the meeting was in 1. Sharon
1. He admitted that he had never surfed
before I’m having my driving test today.
an hour. 3. Marcy refused was too busy.
.
to volunteer because she
wondered / whether the city bus tour
4. Carolyn asked was worth taking. 5. The boy
denied
6. The security guard over the fence.
eating all the biscuits.
asked / warned
us not to lean
2. He told me that he was having his
driving test that day
.
7. She complained that the film was boring.
advised / trying the new Mexican 8. Steve suggested restaurant. 9. My dad advised my application.
Who’s been wearing my clothes?
me to print two copies of
2. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
1. “It’s fine. I’ll let you borrow my camera for the weekend.”
to let Sara agreed camera for the weekend.
3. Lucy demanded to know who had been
wearing her clothes
.
me borrow her I’ll help you when the programme’s finished.
2. “I promise that I won’t tell anyone.” Mark promised that he anyone.
wouldn’t tell
3. “Where are you going?” She wondered where I
was going
.
4. “I’ve been waiting here for you for an hour!” Robert complained that he had been waiting there for me for an hour. 5. “I may travel to London next weekend.”
4. Joe said he would help me when
the programme was finished
.
I can’t wait until the new bike lane is built.
Miranda mentioned that she might travel to London the following weekend. 6. “I’ve finally made a decision.” Jason told me that he had finally made .
a decision
5. He said he couldn’t wait until the new
7. “You should add more salt.” Danny suggested
adding / that I add
more salt.
bike lane was built
34 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
.
Unit 4 4. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. “What time is it?” Libby asked her mum.
Libby asked her mum what time it was. 2. “You should tell Sam how you feel,” my best friend advised me.
My best friend advised me to tell Sam how I felt.
3. “Will you have time to go to the supermarket today?” my mother asked me.
My mother asked me if / whether I would have time to go to the supermarket that day.
4. “Don’t sit on the grass,” the young woman warned them.
The young woman warned them not to sit on the grass.
5. “I didn’t have enough time to finish the work,” Barbara complained.
Barbara complained that she hadn’t had enough time to finish the work.
6. “Everyone has to write an essay about the book,” the teacher explained.
The teacher explained that everyone had to write an essay about the book. 5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
6. Correct the errors.
1. Bess told to me that she used to play the guitar.
Bess told me that she used to play the guitar.
2. I asked my sister that if I could borrow her coat.
I asked my sister if I could borrow her coat.
3. They wondered whether did I liked horror films.
They wondered whether I liked horror films.
4. Sam suggested that we ate at a restaurant.
Sam suggested eating at a restaurant / that we eat at a restaurant.
5. The lifeguard warned us didn’t swim there.
The lifeguard warned us not to swim there. 7. Translate the sentences.
1. Tim explained that that song always brought back happy childhood memories.
Tim explicó que aquella canción siempre le traía a la memoria recuerdos felices de su niñez. 2. Some customers wanted to know where that pleasant smell came from.
Algunos/as clientes/as querían saber de dónde venía aquel agradable olor.
3. I told Angie not to bother me because I was in a bad mood.
Le dije a Angie que no me molestara porque yo estaba de mal humor.
4. Mum advised Dad to approach his boss about a holiday.
[email protected]
Mamá le aconsejó a papá que abordase a su jefe/a acerca de unas vacaciones.
Dear Jessica, I ran into Ben Smithson at the hospital today. He looked pretty upset. He told me that he 1. was visiting (visit) his cousin, who had an infected cut on her foot. I asked him how that 2. had happened (happen), and he explained that a few days before, she 3. had stepped (step) on broken glass on the beach and 4. hadn’t felt (not feel) it. I asked how she 5.couldn’t have felt (could / not feel) it. He explained that she was born with a rare genetic disorder that made it impossible for her to feel pain. meant He also pointed out that it 6. (mean) that she didn’t always know when she was injured or ill. I asked whether there 7. was (be) any cure for the disorder, and Ben said that researchers 8. were making (make) progress in understanding it, but that he would be also thought it 9. (be) quite a long time before a cure was found. I’ll keep you posted. Annie
5. They warned me not to walk alone at night in that city.
Me advirtieron que no caminara solo/a de noche en aquella ciudad.
Grammar Review 8. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. “You should have let (should / let) Dave drive your car last night,” my father said. 2. He complained that the research he had been doing (do) for the past year was becoming boring. 3. Jeffreyhas been learning (learn) to sail since June and is about to buy a boat. 4. Katie called and said that they wouldn’t begin (not begin) dinner until we got there. It’s nice that they’re going to wait for us. 5. We had been sitting (sit) in the dark for an hour by the time the electricity came back on.
35 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
READING
Sensing Danger After many earthquakes, there are reports of “miraculous”
1. Scan the text and find the following information:
animal survival and of behaviour that, in hindsight, seemed
2004 2. the number of countries affected over ten 3. places in danger of earthquakes Japan and California
For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which was
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
managed to make it to safety. Soon after the tsunami,
1. the year the tsunami occurred
1. The elephant mentioned in the article ... . a. made dogs nervous b. fled from the beach just after the tsunami c. was seen fleeing to the beach d. left the beach moments before the tsunami 2. Some animals are very sensitive to subtle environmental changes because ... . a. they see better than people b. of their strong electromagnetic senses c. they don’t hear or smell well d. some of their senses are more highly developed than people’s senses
to predict the disaster.
triggered by an enormous undersea earthquake, killed more than 200,000 people in over ten countries. However, surprisingly few wild animals perished, because most stories circulated about weird animal behaviour that had been witnessed prior to it, including nocturnal bats flying in the daytime, dogs acting nervously and an elephant fleeing a beach. In Japan, California and other earthquake regions, pet owners often claim that their pets become extremely agitated prior to an earthquake. Can animals, in fact, predict impending natural disasters? Not really. It is more accurate to say that because of strong senses, especially hearing and smell, some animals can detect very subtle changes in their environment better than people can. Some may also be alerted to danger through an ability to detect electromagnetic changes in the atmosphere.
3. Find words in the text that mean:
1. understanding something after it has occurred hindsight (paragraph 1) 2. died (paragraph 2)
perished
3. extremely nervous (paragraph 2)
agitated zones
4. areas (paragraph 5)
In
addition,
many
species
are
known
to
have
sophisticated communication systems, which are also observed and reacted to by other species. When a monkey, for instance, sees a predator and expresses a danger signal to its social group, other animals will react to it. Many researchers believe that it is reasonable to assume that similar interactions exist when there’s danger from natural
4. Answer the questions according to the text.
disasters as well.
1. What was peculiar about the bats’ behaviour?
However, despite animals’ apparent “early warning”
They were flying during the day.
systems, many scientists doubt that studying them will
2. How do some pets behave before an earthquake?
improve our ability to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
They’re extremely agitated.
disagree and regularly monitor animal behaviour
3. What happens when a monkey alerts its group to danger?
Other animals react to it.
But a few researchers, especially in China and Japan, in earthquake zones. They’re convinced that it will eventually prove invaluable in improving our ability to predict earthquakes, and perhaps other natural disasters. In the meantime, it wouldn’t hurt to keep an eye on your
4. Why are scientists in Japan and China studying the behaviour of animals in earthquake regions?
dog or cat.
They believe it will improve our ability to predict earthquakes.
36 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 4
WRITING
Your Task Write a description of a school event. Write 100-150 words.
1. Add a suitable adverb of degree and a suitable adverb of frequency to each sentence below. Do not use the same adverb more than once.
1. Ann, who is committed to being a vegetarian, eats meat.
Ann, who is completely committed to being a vegetarian, never eats meat. 2. This shop isn’t so busy, but today it’s crowded because of the sale.
DESCRIBE A SCHOOL EVEN T 1. Think of a school event you’d like to write about. The following are some possibilities:
- a sports day - a party - a celebration or event for a local, regional or religious holiday
This shop isn’t usually so busy, but today
- a musical or theatrical performance
it’s very crowded because of the sale.
- a class visit to a museum or historical site
2. Rewrite the sentences by moving the adverb or adverbial phrase.
2. Think of aspects of the event that you can describe. Consider things such as:
- atmosphere
- weather
1. I’ve only read the first chapter because I’ve been busy.
- sounds
- audience
Because I’ve been busy, I’ve only read the first chapter.
- tastes
- participants
2. I noticed the Eiffel Tower walking along the street.
Walking along the street, I noticed the Eiffel Tower.
3. You can almost buy anything online.
You can buy almost anything online. 4. John nearly pays £800 a month for rent.
John pays nearly £800 a month for rent. 3. Read the essay below and circle adjectives that describe what the writer sees, hears and smells. Then circle adverbs that modify verbs and adjectives.
Celebrating Musicals in New York On a sunny Sunday afternoon last September, I was in Times Square, in New York City, for “Broadway on Broadway”, a free outdoor event featuring songs and dances from over 20 musicals. I usually don’t enjoy crowded events, but this one was really wonderful! Thousands of people, laughing and talking, filled the square. The festive atmosphere was enhanced by mouth-watering aromas of hot dogs and roasted nuts from nearby carts. Suddenly, there was a burst of loud music from the orchestra, and the show began. It was an amazing two hours of dramatic singing and colourful costumes. Sometimes, the audience sang along – they actually sounded pretty good. Enormous speakers and video screens meant that nobody missed a thing. During the last song, millions of small, colourful pieces of confetti floated down on the crowd, and we all caught some in our hands. It was a magical ending!
3. Think of the opinion you would like to express about the event. Use positive and negative adjectives, and adverbs of frequency and degree. 4. Decide which ideas to include in your essay. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
PLAN Opening: State what the event was and when and where it took place. Give a personal opinion. Body: Describe the event in detail. Closing: Sum up the event and your opinion. 5. Write a first draft. 6. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft. CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a description of an event. I used a rich variety of adjectives and adverbs. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation. I used adverbs and adverbial phrases correctly.
This event is always held in September, so if you’re ever in New York then, don’t miss it! See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 143 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
37
Progress Check Unit 4 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the words below.
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
1. “Where have you been?”
firm • rhythm • odour • mood pattern • purchase
My dad asked me where I had been 2. “You should try the lasagne here.”
1. The shop is giving a free watch with every purchase of over £20.
Emily suggested trying the lasagne there / .
that I try the lasagne there
3. “Don’t let your dog eat chocolate.”
2. Don’t speak to Sally today. She’s in a bad mood .
firm
3. She works for the largest law the city. 4. The pattern flowers.
.
The vet warned us not to let our dog eat
chocolate
in
.
4. “You’re interrupting me!”
Susan complained that I was interrupting her .
on these shirts resembles
5. The drummer in a band keeps the
rhythm .
6. Cigarette smoke always leaves behind a strong odour . 2. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
4. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. “Have you booked your plane ticket?” Diana wanted to know. (whether)
Diana wanted to know whether I had booked my plane ticket.
2. “The meat should be cooked for at least an hour,” Christine told me. (advised)
Christine advised me to cook the meat for at least an hour.
I 1. You don’t have to whisper.
3. “I’m not going to sing in front of everyone,” Andrew told me. (refused)
2. I’m sorry I was staring at you.
Andrew refused to sing in front of everyone.
3. You’ll have to start over. 4. Something stinks. 5. You should take advantage of everything here. 6. We started up the company a year ago.
4. “Eileen won’t be here until later,” Sam informed us. (told)
Sam told us that Eileen wouldn’t be there until later.
7. Don’t be afraid to stroke him. 8. I was too nervous to approach him. II
8 a. But it was exciting to be in the same room as someone so famous.
4 b. The smell is making me ill. 7 c. He’s a friendly cat. 2 d. You look very familiar to me. 6 e. So far, it hasn’t been successful. 5 f. There’s a lot to do in this city. 3 g. I forgot to push the “record” button. 1 h. Nobody else can hear us.
Writing 5. Complete the sentences with a suitable adverb.
Possible Answers
1. I’m almost certain that the train leaves at 2.00. I’ve checked the timetable three times.
rarely goes abroad. I don’t think he’s 2. He been out of the country for at least three years. very 3. I’m angry with Laura. She read my diary and told everyone about it. often 4. My mum eats salad, but my dad doesn’t like vegetables at all.
38 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 4
Progress Check Units 1-4 Grammar
Vocabulary 1. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. Correct the false sentences.
T 1. When something is accurate, it’s correct. F 2. When a sound is deafening, it can’t be heard. When a sound is deafening it can be heard. T 3. When something is banned, it’s not allowed. F 4. When something goes in one ear and out the other, someone is paying attention.
When something goes in one ear and out the other, someone isn’t paying attention.
F 5. When something is controversial, it causes
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
believe (believe) a cure will be found (find) soon. 2. For a few months, Ididn’t understand(not 1. Researchers for deafness
understand) why Gill wasn’t responding to my e-mails. It turned out that I had been sending (send) e-mails to her old address. 3. Ever since they lowered their prices, their sales have increased (increase). In are fact, orders no longer being taken (take) for some of the laptops because they are sold out.
no disagreement.
When something is controversial, it causes much disagreement. 2. Complete the passage with suitable words and phrases below.
user-friendly • available • bright overwhelmed • devoted • device portable • faint • fleet • shortcut
2. “How much did your phone cost?” Jeff asked. (Ron)
thanks to technological and medical advances, several research teams are
devoted to working on a
process that will make it a reality. This process involves inserting electrodes into the eyes, and using glasses equipped with a miniature video camera and a small 2.
device
called a video processor. Whatever the
camera “sees” is sent to the video processor. The video processor then transmits those signals to the electrodes, which send them to the brain. This system is currently being tested on nearly 40 patients in the USA, Mexico and Europe. Some of the people don’t think
portable equipment is particularly 4.user-friendly , as it requires a lot of that the lightweight, 3.
practice to use it properly. But nearly all of the patients are already able to see things they couldn’t see before, like 5.
bright
faint
lights or a 6.
outline of a person or object. Researchers are definitely encouraged by this and estimate that within 20 years, various cures for blindness will be readily
7.
1. It started raining yesterday morning and it’s still raining. (since)
It has been raining since yesterday morning.
Vision restoration used to be a fantasy. But now, 1.
4. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
available .
Jeff asked Ron how much his phone had cost.
3. Everyone thinks that the plan is impractical. (thought)
The plan is thought to be impractical. 4. We made a mistake by not bringing a bottle of water. (should)
We should have brought a bottle of water.
5. “I’ve been considering going to art college,” Debbie said. (mentioned)
Debbie mentioned that she had been considering going to art college.
Writing Possible Answers 5. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
1. You have to buy a new Travelcard this one has expired.
because
2. In order to get physically fit, John has started going to a gym. 3. He’s totally involved in his new project, and hasn’t got time for anything else.
39 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
5
3. Complete the captions with the expressions below.
fight back • turn ... into • get to push ... around • break up 1
Could you
into
turn
me a basketball star?
Families VOCABULARY
2
I decided to fight back this time!
3
I don’t have to do it! You can’t me around !
1. The following sentences don’t make sense. Make them logical by replacing the words and phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase in bold from a different sentence.
1. My aunt is self-centred. I’m so excited that she’s going to have a baby! pregnant 2. Thank you for everything you’ve done for me. I’m very jealous. grateful 3. My mum’s only nephew is her twin brother.
push
sibling 4. He’s an only child, but he’s been dating single someone for quite a while. 5. The girl was pregnant because everyone was paying attention to the baby. jealous 6. I’m single. I don’t have brothers or sisters.
an only child 7. You’re grateful. You’re not interested in other people! self-centred
4
When do I
get to
play?
8. I love being an uncle. I spoil my sibling by buying him a lot of toys. nephew 2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. We cheered when we saw our good / bad marks. 2. Susan is a widow. Her husband / brother was killed in a car crash.
5
3. The decision / goal was made by the referee. 4. Let’s take a break and go back to work / relax. 5. I like all my relatives. I’m lucky to have such a nice family / nice neighbours. 6. Spouses are invited to the party at my mum’s office, so my dad / I will go with her.
40 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
I think Sally and Paul are going to break up .
Unit 5 4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.
marry • frustrate • lose • prefer • sense interest • construct • manage
6. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of the words and phrases below.
brother-in-law • grow apart • get along niece • cousin • bond • break up
1. This maths problem is frustrating ! I can’t work it out. 2. In some cultures, it is traditional for a married woman to wear a gold or silver ring. 3. That’s not a sensible thing to do! In fact, I think it’s quite stupid. 4. I like both chocolate and vanilla ice cream. I don’t have a preference . 5. What’s the name of the office manager ? 6. My little brother loves to construct towers with wooden building blocks.
Lost
7.
dogs often end up
in shelters. 8. He’s a very interesting man, and he tells fascinating stories about his past. 5. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
I 1. Ellen doesn’t take after her mum. 2. Steve and David were raised in small villages. 3. This has nothing to do with Sue or Emma. 4. They had to settle for a one-room flat.
[email protected]
Hi Shelly, This was supposed to be a nice family holiday in the country, but things aren’t going well so far. My sister and her husband, my 1. brother-in-law Bob, aren’t 2. getting along , and their arguments are making everyone uncomfortable. They used to bond have a strong 3. , but for some 4. grown apart recently. I reason, they’ve break up don’t think they want to 5. , but they’d better resolve their problems soon because their arguments are affecting their daughter. In fact, niece this morning, my 6. told me that she doesn’t want to get married. Isn’t that sad? I hope that everything is calmer by Saturday for my great-grandfather’s 80th birthday party. Some 7. cousins who are around my age are coming too, so I hope it’ll be a fun day. And by the way, how are my cats? I miss them – and I’m so glad you’re looking after them! Love, Gill
5. They nodded in agreement. 6. They didn’t flee the area. 7. They found ancient pottery that had been buried thousands of years ago. 8. They smiled and faked it.
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. I would feel sad if I ever grew apart from
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
.
2. People sometimes say I take after
II
3 a. They don’t even know about it. 4 b. They couldn’t afford anything bigger. 7 c. It was very deep in the ground.
3. One of my favourite relatives is
6 d. Instead, they stayed to help after the
4. I have inherited
earthquake.
. . .
5. When someone tries to push me around, I
5 e. That’s how I knew they approved. 2 f. When they were 18, they both left home. 8 g. But I knew they weren’t having a good time. 1 h. They’re not at all alike.
. 6. When I take a break from studying, I like to . 7. There’s a strong bond between me and .
41 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
GRAMMAR 1. Complete the passage with the relative pronouns below. There may be more than one correct answer.
where • which • that • who • when • whose MORE THAN A MEAL
when
Family meals, a time 1.
the whole
family gets together, are disappearing in many
who / that work long whose after-school
homes. Between parents hours and children 3.
2.
timetables are filled with homework, friends, sport and other activities, it’s often difficult for everyone to sit down together at the same time. However, some experts say the effort should be made. To begin with, a 1996 study found that family meals 4. that /which included lively conversation promoted language development in young children. Furthermore, mealtimes can be a time for a family to bond through shared food and conversation. This may partly explain the results of two studies
which / that were conducted in the USA in 2004 and involved
5.
more than 5,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 18. Both studies found a connection between frequent family meals and higher marks, as well as lower rates of depression, alcohol and drug abuse. In fact, in homes
6.
where
two or fewer meals each week were eaten as a family, young people were nearly twice as likely to abuse drugs and alcohol as their peers 7.
who / that frequently ate with their families.
2. Complete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. There may be more than one correct answer. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun?
1. The play that / which I saw last night was written by a teenager.
who 2. Arnold Schwarzenegger, is the governor of California.
became famous as the star of the Terminator films,
3. The week before exams is always a time
who
4. I’m reading about Steve Jobs, 5. Let’s go to a nice place 6. Ellen,
whose
where
when
I spend hours in the library.
was one of the founders of Apple Computers.
we can have coffee and dessert.
father is a TV reporter, is studying journalism at university.
which / I bought on sale are the best pair I’ve ever had. that The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1 and 7.
7. The sunglasses
3. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. This is Linda. You will be working with her. (who)
This is Linda, who you will be working with. 2. I took a message for my sister. She was in the shower. (who)
I took a message for my sister, who was in the shower. 3. He downloads the songs. He gets them free online. (that)
He downloads the songs that he gets for free online. 4. I’m looking forward to next week. We’ll be on holiday then. (when)
I’m looking forward to next week, when we’ll be on holiday. 5. The company was established in 1995. It has been particularly successful since 2004. (which)
The company, which was established in 1995, has been particularly successful since 2004. / The company, which has been particularly successful since 2004, was established in 1995. 42 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 5 4. Combine the sentences with defining or nondefining relative clauses. Add commas where necessary. Leave out the relative pronoun where possible.
1. We’re going to Chicago in December. It will be very cold then.
We’re going to Chicago in December, when it will be very cold. 2. Steve is always taking photographs. He wants to become a professional photographer one day.
Steve, who is always taking photographs, wants to become a professional photographer one day. / Steve, who wants to become a professional photographer one day, is always taking photographs. 3. Here is the brochure about the holiday resort. We might go to it.
Here is the brochure about the holiday resort that / which we might go to. / Here is the brochure about the holiday resort where we might go.
4. Sue’s father is Japanese. Sue visits Japan every July.
Sue, whose father is Japanese, visits Japan every July. 5. Her car was a gift from her parents. It was stolen.
Her car, which was a gift from her parents, was stolen. / Her car, which was stolen, was a gift from her parents. 5. Combine the sentences using both the formal structure and the informal structure. Use correct punctuation.
1. Nicole introduced me to the man. She had been talking to him.
formal: Nicole introduced me to the man
to whom she had been talking. informal: Nicole introduced me to the man
6. Correct the errors.
1. The band that it first sang this song was My Chemical Romance.
The band that first sang this song was My Chemical Romance.
2. Olive oil is used in many countries, where it has been produced for ages there.
Olive oil is used in many countries, where it has been produced for ages.
3. It’s hard to find a friend who you can rely on him.
It’s hard to find a friend who you can rely on.
4. Ottawa, in where I was born, is in Canada.
Ottawa, where I was born, is in Canada. 5. Aid is being provided to families whose their homes were destroyed in the flood.
Aid is being provided to families whose homes were destroyed in the flood. 7. Translate the sentences.
1. The issue we are discussing has nothing to do with you.
El asunto que estamos discutiendo / del que estamos hablando no tiene nada que ver contigo.
2. You must be grateful to the people who have always supported you.
Debes estar agradecido/a a la gente que siempre te ha apoyado.
3. My cousin Jane, who is an only child, has plenty of self-confidence.
Mi prima Jane, que es hija única, tiene mucha confianza en sí misma.
4. I overheard the conversation which my parents were having in the next room.
Oí por causalidad la conversación que mis padres estaban teniendo en la habitación de al lado.
5. Jimmy, whose parents died in a car accident, was raised by his relatives.
Jimmy, cuyos padres murieron en un accidente de coche, fue criado por sus familiares.
who she had been talking to. 2. Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster. I am writing a report about it.
formal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural
disaster about which I am writing a report. informal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural disaster which I am writing a report about.
3. The letter has just been delivered. I have been waiting for it.
formal: The letter for which I have been
waiting has just been delivered. informal: The letter which I have been
waiting for has just been delivered.
Grammar Review 8. Choose the correct answer.
1. We took a break after we has been studying / had been studying / were studying for hours. 2. Steve denied being / to be / to have been responsible for the error. 3. I’m so tired. I shouldn’t have / couldn’t have / wouldn’t have stayed up so late last night. 4. I’m nervous about next week, when / that / where I have three exams. 5. Colin and Teri have been engaged / were engaged / are engaged since April.
43 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
READING
All in the FAmily When I think about how my life will be after I finish
1. Read the opening sentence in the text. What can you infer from it?
school, I can’t help thinking about how things might be
a. The writer has finished school. b. The writer hasn’t finished school.
If my parents were small-business owners, I could aspire
if I had a different family … . to be the “son” in one of those companies with names like “Smith & Sons”. Wherever I go, I’m noticing this
2. Read the rest of the text and choose the correct answer.
1.
on signs all over London. I’ve even seen a “Dudley Singleton & Daughter”, for an estate agent’s firm.
The New York Times ... .
If my parents were media tycoons, I might have a
a. is owned by Rupert Murdoch b. was owned by a different family a century ago c. is an important part of Murdoch’s company d. has been run for over 100 years by one family
realistic chance of running a newspaper or television station. The respected newspaper The New York Times has been controlled by generations of the same family for more than a century. And some of the children of Rupert Murdoch – founder and head of a worldwide media company – have held key positions in their
2. Joely Richardson ... .
father’s businesses. Note to Mr Murdoch: if you’d like
a. is Vanessa Redgrave’s granddaughter b. belongs to a well-known acting family in Britain c. is part of a famous American acting family d. is Sir Michael Redgrave’s daughter
to adopt a teenager, I’m available! If my parents were actors, I’m sure I could be a famous film star like many of the actors today. Ben Stiller’s parents were a comedy duo for years; Kate Hudson’s mother is actress Goldie Hawn; Michael Douglas’ father
3. Find words or expressions in the text that mean the opposite of:
1. unlikely, improbable (paragraph 3)
realistic
2. minor (paragraph 3)
key fallen … short
3. achieved a goal (paragraph 5)
is actor Kirk Douglas. Drew Barrymore comes from a long line of American actors, and Joely Richardson is part of a distinguished British acting dynasty that includes her mum, Vanessa Redgrave, and grandfather, Sir Michael Redgrave. In these cases, talent seems to be in the blood!
4. Find words or phrases in the text that mean the same as:
If my parents were in the music business, I might be
duo 2. inherited, genetic (paragraph 4) in the blood drive 3. determination (paragraph 6) 1. pair (paragraph 4)
a singer like Enrique Iglesias, the son of world-famous singer Julio Iglesias. On the other hand, John Lennon’s sons, Julian and Sean, have released CDs, but have fallen far short of the success of their Beatle father – to whom they’re inevitably compared.
5. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. Dudley Singleton & Daughter is an example of
a father and son / daughter small business . 2. Julian and Sean Lennon have not been as
successful as their father in the music business
Obviously, family connections can help. But we shouldn’t ignore the fact that success requires drive, ability, talent and, of course, some luck – no matter who your family is.
.
44 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 5
WRITING
Your Task Write a narrative about a friend. Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose two correct answers for each question.
1. As soon as / Eventually / As time went on, Alan and I lost touch with each other. 2. Before / From the start / At first, I didn’t like Elliot. 3. We saw Mike’s new flat while / when / during we were in London. 4. Diana had finished tidying up by the time / before / until I got home. 5. Eventually / All of a sudden / Suddenly, a door slammed somewhere in the house. 2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Make certain that the verbs agree with the subject of the sentence.
1. My favourite kind of novels
is
(be) mysteries.
WRITING A NARR ATIVE 1. Brainstorm the events in your narrative. Try to include a problem or conflict. 2. Decide whether or not the problem will be resolved. If so, how? If not, how will your story end? 3. Organise your ideas. Use the model in Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
PLAN Opening: Describe the setting and introduce the main characters. Body: Relate the events in the story, including a problem or conflict. Closing: Tell how the story ends.
needs 2. Each of us (need) to buy different things, so let’s meet after we shop.
4. Write a first draft.
3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents give (give) dishonest answers.
5. Use the checklist to check your work. Then write a final draft.
4. Rice and beans
taste
(taste) good together.
3. Complete the narrative with suitable expressions of time and sequence. There may be more than one correct answer.
CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a narrative. I used a variety of expressions of time and sequence. I used correct subject/verb agreement.
THE PERFECT GIFT Possible Answers
For as long as I can remember, my parents have given me disappointing birthday presents – things like shirts, jeans and trainers, instead of rollerblades and video At first games.1. , when I was younger, I complained, but it didn’t do any good. 2. As time went on , I gave up, and my parents’ bad choices of birthday gifts became a family joke.
I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation.
That’s why last Monday morning, on my 17th birthday, As soon as I had no expectations. 3. I walked into the kitchen, my parents said, “Happy birthday!” 4. All of a sudden , my mum handed me a present. The size and shape of the box made me think “trainers”. “Thanks! Great!” I said, faking more enthusiasm than I felt. “Try them on,” my mum When suggested. 5. I lifted up one shoe, I noticed something inside it. It was an iPhone. I was so shocked I couldn’t speak. My dad said, “I think we 6. finally got you something you want!”
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 144 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
45
Progress Check Unit 5 Grammar
Vocabulary 1. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
4. Complete the passage with a suitable relative pronoun.
1. I was raised in Montreal, Canada. I lived there until I was two / twenty.
Family holidays, those times
2. We don’t usually get along, but last night we had a good time together / an argument.
I speak from experience, as a teen
when
1.
teens and
parents spend long hours together, can be difficult.
whose
2.
parents insist on a two-week trip every year, preferably
3. Jane settled for £5 per hour, which was exactly / less than what she’d asked for. 4. Sylvia takes after her grandmother in many ways. For example, they’re both artists / Sylvia brings her groceries every week.
one 3.that
/ which keeps us all very close to each
other. We’ve even been to isolated beach resorts 4.
where
we’ve spent the entire holiday. I’m not
opposed to family holidays, 5. benefits – including parents 6.
which who
have some pay for
5. He inherited this watch from his boss / grandfather.
everything! I love my parents, but they’re not people
6. She nodded and said, “You’re right / wrong.”
They’ve finally accepted that fact, 8.
with 7.
whom
I want to spend 24 hours a day.
which
hurt
their feelings, but it had an effect. For the first time,
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases below.
cheer • push ... around • flee grow apart • take a break • turn ... into
we’re planning our holiday together. We’re making sure to include plenty of free time
9.
that / which we
can each spend separately.
1. I missed American Idol last night. Which singer cheer did the audience for the most?
5. Combine the sentences with the words in brackets.
2. We’d been rehearsing for four hours before we finallytook a break.
1. Janine didn’t change her opinion on the matter. We had argued with her for an hour. (whom)
3. Ned is a bully, and he around .
pushes
turned
4. They bought a large house and into a bed-and-breakfast hotel. 5. Luckily, they were able to fire and weren’t hurt.
Janine, with whom we had argued for an hour, didn’t change her opinion on the matter.
people
flee
it
from the
6. We’re such good friends. I hope we never grow apart . 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. Sharon is studying timemanagement(manage). 2. It’s an interesting (interest) series.
2. I’m looking forward to June. I’ll be finished with school then. (when)
I’m looking forward to June, when I’ll be finished with school.
3. Steven lives in Fulton Street. My favourite restaurant is also there. (where)
Steven lives in Fulton Street, where my favourite restaurant is.
Writing 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector or time expression.
At first , Michelle didn’t speak French well, but eventually / , she became fluent. as time went on
3. The airline passengers were frustrated (frustrate) by the long delay.
1.
prefer 4. Would you or on the patio?
2. I had just fallen asleep when the phone suddenly rang. However, by the time I managed to answer it, the caller had hung up.
(prefer) a table inside
5. My grandparents are a happily married (marry) couple.
46 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 5
Progress Check Units 1-5 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. That’s the first sensible had all weekend!
(sense) idea you’ve
2. My parents rarely give each other expensive (expense) gifts. 3. She’s the manager (manage) of a small shop.
3. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. “I’m not going to watch the DVD because I’ve already seen the film twice,” explained Cara. (that)
Cara explained that she wasn’t going to watch the DVD because she had already seen the film twice.
4. We watched in amazement (amaze) as the athlete broke the world record.
2. It’s possible that James’ flight was delayed by bad weather. (might)
5. Are you interested (interest) in old coins?
James’ flight might have been delayed by bad weather.
6. We always receive marvellous (marvel) service at this restaurant. 2. Complete the passage with suitable words or expressions below.
pressing • emerge • greenhouse effect break up • trend • inhabit • harmful marriage • see eye to eye • remain get to • launch Once a year, people in Britain 1.
get to
I can’t wait until this weekend, when I’m going to a U2 concert. 4. They’re not designing a new website for our school until next year. (designed)
A new website for our school won’t be learn
what their fellow citizens think about a wide range of subjects – from politics to environmental concerns, such as the 2.
3. I can’t wait until this weekend. I’m going to a U2 concert. (when)
greenhouse – thanks to the British Social effect
Attitudes Report. Since the first survey, which was done
designed until next year. 5. The doctor examined Mark’s eyes yesterday. (had)
Mark had his eyes examined by the doctor yesterday. 6. I regret buying this very expensive watch. (bought)
more than 25 years ago, new attitudes have started to
I shouldn’t have bought this very
emerge about family-related subjects, such marriage and children. For example, there as 4. trend is a strong acceptance of the growing 5.
expensive watch.
3.
of “non-traditional” family units. In fact, 66% of people surveyed in 2006 said that they considered legal marriage and living together as virtually the same thing. And 90% of respondents in that same survey appear to 6.
see eye to eye on the 7.
pressing
need for a law that applies to unmarried couples who 8.
break up
. This law would mean that they
must share the same financial obligations as married couples who divorce. Despite these more liberal attitudes about family, it seems that one thing continues to 9.
remain
the same since the survey’s first
year: more women than men do household chores such as laundry and cleaning.
Writing 4. Correct the sentences.
1. I enjoy swimming, cooking and to play computer games.
I enjoy swimming, cooking and playing computer games. 2. I wasn’t pleased with my mark in the exam, I didn’t fail.
I wasn’t pleased with my mark in the exam, although I didn’t fail. 3. Marta almost speaks perfect English.
Marta speaks almost perfect English. 4. Each of the restaurants were expensive.
Each of the restaurants was expensive.
47 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
6
Across 3. This shirt is too large, so I’d like to smaller size.
it for a
4. We don’t swimsuits at this time of year, but the sports shop has them all year round. 5. What
A Good Buy
of shampoo do you use?
6. There’s a huge on gym memberships this month. We can save 40%! 8. If you want to return an item, you must have your . 9. I’m sorry you weren’t satisfied with the product, sir. I’ll be happy to give you a full .
VOCABULARY 1. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the words and phrases below.
snap up • get rid of • afford • nag stuff • merchandise • make excuses on sale • overpriced • pay the bills make an effort • belongings
Down 1. Is rental of the scuba-diving price of the lessons? 2. These shoes are a real
afford anything, not even the on sale things that are 2. . Rose: You’re right. Everything’s terribly
4
1
g
3
e
a r
a r
c
5.
snapping up merchandise
the shop’s
x
pay the bills
at the end of the
i
d
s
e
p
b
l u
t
month.
7
8
s
r
b
c h a n g e r
y
g 5
6
, especially the sweaters.
Mark: I wonder if they’ll regret buying them when they have to 6.
2
, but it doesn’t seem to matter
to all of these customers who are 4.
b
r a
Mum: I want you to tidy up your room – today! I’m tired of seeing so many of your
belongings
on the floor and piled on your chair.
Lucy: I know! You keep 8.
nagging
me
about it! But I don’t have anywhere else to put some of that 9.
stuff
Mum: Stop trying to 10.
!
make excuses .
I’m sure you’ve got things you don’t wear or use any more. I suggest that you 11.
make an effort to look
through your things and see what you’re willing to 12.
get rid of
. We can donate it to the
charity shop, and then you’ll have plenty of space.
Lucy: But, Mum!
48 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
9
r
e d
n d
i c o u n
t
e
c
p
f
u n d
e
i
g 7.
.
7. I on dessert and ate a huge piece of chocolate cake.
I can’t 1.
overpriced
at only £20.
6. Michelle has a large amount of credit-card
Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive!
3.
included in the
t
Unit 6 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of do, make or pay .
1. I’ll speak with Edna about the problem, but that do might more harm than good. 2. It took Joe quite a while to at his new school.
make
friends
paid 3. We a fortune for the concert tickets, but they were worth it. 4. They were in the neighbourhood, so they paid us a visit.
6. Many of my friends now to eat locally-grown food.
Cyndi
SHOPPING WITH
designer brands at prices they can
their best
7. His parents have refused to help him his debts.
stock up on • shop around • afford outlet • price tag • come to • merchandise go out of business
For consumers who want
5. We order our groceries online now, so we don’t do have to go out to the shopping.
do
5. Complete the online consumer column with the correct form of the words and phrases below.
pay
1.
afford
places to go are 3.
, the best
outlets
2.
Merchandise
.
ends up there for
various reasons. Some items may have small flaws, such as a missing button; others may be from a previous season, or left over odd sizes and colours; others come from small
4. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. We had a huge bonfire on the beach / in our flat yesterday. 2. My neighbour’s a doctor, whose pastime is working in a hospital / painting landscapes. 3. Due to our culture of consumerism, many of us eat / spend more than we should. 4. Some small shopkeepers lost customers when the new supermarket / cinema opened. 5. One of the benefits of living here is being able to enjoy this incredible view / having no view.
clothing companies that have failed and 4.
gone out of business
. To fully appreciate the
bargains you’re likely to get in an outlet, 5. 6.
shop around price tags
and take a look at the on things in trendy boutiques.
Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and 7.
stock up on
clothing. You’ll be
pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill 8.
comes to
.
6. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. The gadget I couldn’t do without is
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
6. I’ve got too many gadgets. For instance, I don’t need three MP3 players / frying pans.
2. My favourite pastime is
7. The company recently improved the exercise equipment / working conditions in this sweatshop.
3. The most recent bargain I got was
. .
8. We were teasing Sam, but he thought we were joking / serious.
4. My parents sometimes nag me
9. Every day, thousands of commuters / free newspapers are given out during rush hour in cities all over Europe.
5. The last time I did someone a favour
10. It took a long time to pick out a pair of earrings for Laura, but I eventually found the perfect gift for her / helped her get them out of her ears .
.
. . 6. When someone pays me a compliment, I feel . 7. I once exchanged . 8. When I want to treat myself to something, I splurge on . 9. One of the benefits of living where I do is .
49 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
GRAMMAR
3. Complete the thought bubbles with a logical continuation. Possible Answers
1 1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
had smiled 1. If Dave (smile), this would have been a better photo of all of us. 2. It would be more pleasant to shop here if the were sales assistants (be) a bit nicer.
I wish I I had taken the bus
3. If you arrange the furniture differently, the will look room (look) bigger.
2
.
4. Ron can’t exchange the DVD unless he has (have) the receipt. 5. I wouldn’t have been able to afford this coat if it hadn’t been (not be) on sale. 6. Call me when you at the station.
arrive
(arrive)
shouldn’t/
If only I had studied
7. You (not buy) the shoes if mustn’t buy they aren’t comfortable.
is 8. Let’s call Lesley. If she at home now, we can pay her a visit.
.
3
(be)
9. I would have been angry if I hadn’t received (not receive) a full refund. 10. Mary won’t be able to come to the party unless gives someone (give) her a lift. I wish we had arrived earlier
2. Complete the sentences. Do not change the original meanings. There may be more than one correct answer.
.
4
1. Jody hated the film, so she walked out in the middle. If Jody hadn’t hated the film, she
wouldn’t have walked out in the middle . 2. You can’t use the pool without being a hotel guest.
Unless you’re a hotel guest, you can’t use
the pool
.
I wish I had bought petrol
.
3. I think you should buy those sunglasses. 5
If I were you, I’d buy those sunglasses . 4. Because I know everyone here, I’m not too nervous about speaking to the group. If I didn’t know everyone here, I’d be
nervous about speaking to the group
. I wish they would turn it down
50 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
.
Unit 6 4. Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
BUY WHILE YOU FLY If you 1.
could buy
(buy) Internet
access or train tickets during a flight to New
would
York or London,2.
choose
you
(choose) to do so? Passengers
on some flights are already being offered this kind of on-board retail service, and as soon as some minor technological problems with in-flight sales
are solved (solve), theatre and theme park tickets 4. may be offered (may offer) turns out as well. If this 5. (turn out) 3.
to be a profitable experiment, there’s little doubt
6 . Correct the errors.
1. She won’t buy that T-shirt unless they gave her a discount.
She won’t buy that T-shirt unless they give her a discount.
2. If it hadn’t snowed last night, the roads would haven’t been slippery.
If it hadn’t snowed last night, the roads wouldn’t have been slippery.
3. We wish we would go to the sale tomorrow.
We wish we could go to the sale tomorrow. 4. As soon as Sam will arrive, we’ll go out for dinner.
As soon as Sam arrives, we’ll go out for dinner.
5. If only we knew the truth yesterday.
If only we had known the truth yesterday.
that the trend will spread. Passengers interviewed recently at London’s Heathrow Airport expressed varying opinions on the subject. Patricia Lowry, who frequently visits her boyfriend in New York, said,
were
“I wish there 6. access on all flights. I
use
definitely
(be) Internet
would
7.
(use) it, even if I had
to pay a few pounds for it.” Robert Jones, a software designer, said, “I 8. I
9.
had
would hate
(hate) it if
(have) to read and respond
to work-related e-mails while flying. However, I 10.
wouldn’t mind (not mind) being able to buy
a Travelcard for the Underground on board.” What’s your opinion? Is there something you wish you
had bought / (buy) on your last flight? could have bought
11.
5. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
7. Translate the following sentences.
1. Please let me know as soon as you make a decision.
Por favor, házmelo saber / avísame tan pronto como tomes una decisión.
2. If I were you, I would pay back all my debts.
Si yo estuviera en tu lugar / Yo, en tu lugar, pagaría todas mis deudas.
3. I wish I hadn’t forgotten my belongings at the airport.
Ojalá no hubiera olvidado mis pertenencias en el aeropuerto.
4. We wouldn’t have stocked up on olive oil if there hadn’t been a sale.
No habríamos comprado tanto aceite de oliva si no hubiera habido una oferta.
5. If only we could get rid of all these old boxes.
Ojalá / Si al menos pudiéramos deshacernos de todas estas cajas viejas.
If I had brought my wallet, I could/would have Grammar Review bought this. / I could/would have bought this if I had brought my wallet. 8. Choose the correct answer. 2. It’s too bad I don’t drive. (wish) 1. I didn’t bring my wallet, so I can’t buy this. (if)
I wish I could drive. 3. We aren’t going to the beach today because it’s raining. (if)
If it weren’t raining, we would go to the beach. / We would go to the beach if it weren’t raining.
4. I hate being so short! (wish)
1. My brother, who / whom / that none of you have met, is finally coming to visit! 2. They had worked / had been working / worked for hours before they finally took a break. 3. Jessica suggested that we went / going / to go to the beach.
I wish I weren’t so short. 5. I regret not studying for the exam. (if only)
If only I had studied for the exam. 6. I won’t be able to concentrate if Gwen doesn’t turn down the music. (unless)
Unless Gwen turns down the music, I won’t be able to concentrate. / I won’t be able to concentrate unless Gwen turns down the music.
4. My muscles hurt! I wish I didn’t work out / wouldn’t have worked out / hadn’t worked out so much yesterday. 5. I can’t understand Jim unless he speaks / will speak / would speak slowly.
51 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
READING
WHAT ARE
THEY REALLY
SELLING YOU? 1. Read the text and decide who or what the words in bold refer to.
1. it (paragraph 1)
advertising
adverts using sex appeal for 3. that (paragraph 3)advertising luxury / designer brands 4. them (paragraph 3) consumers 2. them (paragraph 2)
2. Find words in the text that mean the opposite of:
subtly
1. in an obvious way (paragraph 1) 2. easy to forget (paragraph 2)
memorable
3. in the same way (paragraph 2)
conversely
3. Choose the correct answer according to the text.
1. Mobile phones are mentioned because ... . a. they’re simple to advertise b. of the way they’re advertised c. adverts are sent to some of them d. they all advertise products 2. Humorous advertisements ... . a. are less effective than adverts with sex appeal b. account for approximately one-third of adverts c. don’t succeed in helping people remember a product d. are the third most successful type 4. Answer the questions according to information in the text.
1. Why is sex appeal not always successful in an advert?
Because it focuses people’s attention on the models rather than on the product or brand name.
2. What is the message in some adverts for luxury brands?
To remind consumers of the privileged lifestyle that the brand represents. 3. What is breakfast cereal an example of?
It is an example of a product that sometimes uses nostalgia as an advertising approach.
There seems to be no escape from advertising. We’re exposed to it through hoardings, on public transport, in newspapers, magazines, in the cinema, on television and radio, online, and even on some mobile phones. Although the aim of advertising is to sell a product, the message is rarely as simple as, “Buy This!” Instead, adverts are usually designed to subtly influence a consumer by selling something beyond the product, such as an attitude, a personality, a lifestyle or a feeling of belonging. Think about adverts you’ve seen recently. Most likely, many of them involve humour or sex appeal – two popular approaches. Surprisingly, some advertising professionals say that humour can be more effective than sex appeal, which is perhaps why it’s estimated to have a role in nearly a third of adverts. Apparently, humour quickly captures our attention and makes the product memorable. Conversely, adverts that rely on sex appeal – with, for instance, provocative photos of good-looking men or women – often focus people’s attention on the models rather than on the product or brand name. However, for luxury or designer brands, that is not necessarily a disadvantage. In adverts for high-end products like expensive cars and clothing, sex appeal is often paired with snob appeal. These types of adverts treat the brand as already so well-known, respected and desired, that it’s unnecessary to try to “sell” it to the targeted consumers. All that’s necessary is to remind them of the privileged lifestyle that the brand represents. Among the other advertising approaches used are celebrity spokespeople (George Clooney selling coffee machines), self-improvement (a favourite in cosmetics adverts), nostalgia (often used for everyday, “unexciting” products, such as breakfast cereals), and crowd appeal (often used to sell gadgets, by implying that “everyone” is buying and talking about them). The next time an advertisement touches your emotions, makes you feel envious, or tempts you to buy a product, stop for a moment and analyse why!
52 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
Unit 6
WRITING
Your Task Summarise the text on page 52. Write 50-70 words.
Read the text and summary below. Underline the two unnecessary sentences in the summary.
Faces, Faces, Everywhere Since 1916, Planters Peanuts, a popular American product, has featured a character called Mr Peanut on its product labels and in adverts. For more than a century, advertisements for Tio Pepe have featured a bottle of the product wearing clothes, and those for Michelin, the French tyre, map and guidebook company, have used the Michelin Man – who looks as if he’s made of tyres. What these, and countless other examples, have in common is that they all present a product with distinctly human characteristics. And that, according to some recent studies, may be part of the reason for their success. One study by researchers from the University of Toronto and the University of Chicago found that people respond most positively to packaging or products which look human. The tendency to see a face in an object is particularly pronounced when it comes to cars. In a recent study, nearly one-third of the participants perceived the fronts of cars as faces, and even saw them as having happy, serious or aggressive expressions. As for why we see human forms and faces in objects and give them human traits, some researchers think the reason is that this evolved as an important survival skill during human development. This caused the brain to eventually become biologically programmed to see “faces” everywhere. Summary: Both the Michelin Man and a Tio Pepe bottle, dressed like a person, have been used in the companies’ adverts for over 100 years. Recent research has shown that people react most favourably to products that resemble a person. The study on how people perceived cars was done by researchers from two universities. The tendency to see faces in objects may have developed biologically because being able to recognise and understand facial expressions was crucial for survival as man developed.
WRITING A SUMMARY 1. Read the original text carefully and decide which facts to include. Choose only the main ideas, leaving out less important details, as well as examples. 2. Write this information in one paragraph. Paraphrase rather than copy the information. Shorten sentences or combine them in order to be more concise. 3. Your first attempt will probably be too long. Look it over carefully in order to find: a. points you can delete while still preserving the main idea. b. places where you can make your language more concise. 4. A reader of your summary should be able to get the main idea of what the article is about. See whether this is true about your summary. If not, have you included enough information? You may have to omit a minor point and add a more important point. 5. Make sure the sentences in your paragraph follow each other smoothly and make a logical whole. CHECKLIST
I followed the steps for a summary. I included only the main ideas. I paraphrased rather than copied . My summary forms a logical whole. I simplified my sentences where possible. I checked my grammar, spelling and punctuation .
See Writing Guide, Student’s Book page 145 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
53
Progress Check Unit 6 Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Complete the blog with the words and phrases below.
consumerism • pastime • overpriced make an effort • afford • doing their best brands • pay their bills
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
don’t have 1. If I for the film tonight, lend
(not have) enough cash will you (lend) me some?
fashion-conscious teens: the United States, Canada,
lived 2. I wish I (live) in a big city. Living in the country is boring.
Australia, Brazil or Britain? According to a r ecent
3. Jenny
Which country do you think has the most
survey, the answer is Britain, where teens’ favourite 1.
pastime seems to be shopping for clothes. In
response to the survey’s question of what they would continue to buy even if they couldn’t
2.
afford
will be (be) tired when she arrives (arrive) tomorrow morning. hadn’t sold (not sell) my 4. I wish I motorcycle for so little money. If only I had waited (wait) for a better offer!
it, British teens, more than teens in other countries, chose new clothes. And they are
3.
doing their to best
prove that they mean it. Estimates are that British teens spent over £130 million a week during the summer of 2009 – and a good portion of that was on clothing and fashion accessories. Furthermore, other reports have shown that 4.
brands
are important to British
teens, as is being the first to buy the latest styles, even if these fashion items are 6.
5.
overpriced . Some teens
pay their with earnings from part-time jobs, but bills
in most cases, parents end up paying as well. Perhaps that’s why our kids never 7.
make an to spend effort
less! I think it’s time that we stopped supporting our children’s dedication to 8.consumerism !
2. Choose the correct answer.
1. The groceries were expensive this week. They snapped up / came to / carried £85! 2. Some people stock up on / splurge on / exchange bottled water for an emergency. 3. Suzanne’s bought a lot of sports debts / gear / belongings over the years. 4. Everything in the shop was on sale / out of bounds / going out of business , so I spent less than I thought I would. 5. My brother is sometimes nagged / picked out / teased because he’s not good at football. 6. Some theatres give out / shop around / get rid of coupons for cheap seats.
4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. There may be more than one correct answer.
1. It’s a pity you can’t come to the bonfire! (if only)
If only you could come to the bonfire! 2. It’s too bad I didn’t take more photos of the street markets. (I wish)
I wish I had taken more photos of the street markets.
3. You won’t be able to live within your budget if you don’t become more price conscious. (unless)
You won’t be able to live within your budget unless you become more price conscious.
4. I didn’t meet my friends last night because I was too tired to go out. (if)
If I hadn’t been too tired to go out, I would have met my friends last night.
Writing 5. Paraphrase the sentence below. Use the words provided, and make any necessary changes.
Shopaholism, a growing problem around the world, affects mainly women, approximately ten per cent of whom are currently estimated to suffer from the condition. shopaholism • on the rise • affecting approximately • ten per cent of women • globally
Shopaholism is on the rise, affecting approximately ten per cent of women globally.
54 Viewpoints 2 Workbook © B Burlington Books
