VICTIMOLOGY - General

Presented by  Jouie L. Donato

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a specific and respectable academic and

scientific discipline, a new branch in the scientific study of the victim 

victimology is, simply, the scientific knowledge of the victim

Andzenge:  Victimology is a PERCEPTION Ben-David The Victim's Victimology

OLD PARADIGM: Addresses the Victims’ RIGHTS

NEW PARADIGM: Addresses the Victims’ NEEDS

PENAL VICTIMOLOGY 1941: HANS von HENTIG The Criminal-Victim Dyad -created a toxonomy that described how victims were responsible for their harms.

1. The Young 2. The Female 3. The Old 4. The Mentally Defective and Deranged 5. The Immigrants 6. The Minorities 7. The Dull Normals 8. The Depressed 9. The Acquisitive 10. Wanton 11. The Lonesome and the Heartbroken 12. The Tormentor 13. The Blocked, Exempted, or Fighting

1947: BENJAMIN MENDELSOHN The Penal Couple - A toxonomy centered on the relative guilt of victims

1. The completely innocent victim. 2. The victim with minor guilt. 3. The victim who is as guilty as the offender. 4. The victim who is more guilty than the offender. 5. The most guilty victim. 6. The imaginary victim.

1989:David Miers POSITIVIST VICTIMOLOG VICTIMOLOGY Y - non-random pattern victimization of crime 1989: Sandra Walklate CONVENTIONAL VICTIMOLOGY - Ordinary criminal Act

1990: KARMEN CONSERVATIVE VICTIMOLOGY - CJS as guarantor of justice Nagel INTERACTIONIST VICTIMOLOGY - victim-offender relationship

MODERN VICTIMOLOGY 1956: MENDELSOHN "victimity victimity““ or victimization - proposed establishing victim clinics which would provide victim assistance based on a specific theory of personal, social and cultural rehabilitation.

1. criminal victimization, 2. self-victimization, 3. social environmental victimization, 4. technological victimization, and 5. natural disaster victimization.

SUBJECTS: not only the victims of crime and power abuse but also the victims of accidents, natural disasters and other "acts of God“ INFLUENCES: Victim’s Movement; Clinical Studies

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Minor victims ignores personal responsibility. Penal Victimologists helps balance the exaggeration. Cressey’s Humanistic vs Academic Approach Elias’s objective scientific research Fattah’s contention

PENAL VICTIMOLOGY Interactionist victimology Area of Interest

GENERAL VICTIMOLOGY AssistanceOriented Victimology

It is defined by criminal Clinical Studies; law; defines victimology as the study of the victims of illegal criminal acts, which are incriminated in accordance with the criminal law provisions.

It aims to provide victim assistance based on a specific theory of personal, social and cultural rehabilitation.

GENERAL PENAL VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMOLOGY

Subject of Research

correlates the data on the causes of a crime with the data on to the victim's role in generating the crime

Should be not only the victims of crime and power abuse but also the victims of accidents, natural disasters and other "acts of God"

GENERAL PENAL VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMOLOGY

Focus

Penal victimology looks into the dynamics of the victim-offender interaction. Analysis on the genesis of victimization

Provide assistance or treatment rather than to analyze the genesis of victimization.

GENERAL PENAL VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMOLOGY

Principle

Victims must not be studied in purely medical terms. Criminal Victimization is not a clinical phenomenon.

Victimology should not be aimed at studying and interpreting the victims but at helping them.

GENERAL PENAL VICTIMOLOGY VICTIMOLOGY

Principle

The key to a better understanding of the problems is the recognition that they have been wronged by another human being and that their shattered sense of justice must be repaired. Victims must not only be given therapeutic help, they must also be rendered  justice.

It seeks to focus on the treatment of victims, prevent future victimization and help victims deal with (or reduce) the consequences experienced from their victimization, without regard to the actual cause of that victimization. Victims of wars, natural disasters and accidents would fall into this generalized category.

(As institutionalized by the World Society of Victimology)

It is the scientific study of the extent, nature and causes of criminal victimization , its consequences for the persons involved and the reactions thereto by society, in particular the police and the criminal justice system as well as voluntary workers and professional helpers.