Viabilidad de Un Proyecto - V1

 

@ngdc fb prcybdtcs: 

Teaan pnrn pd  prcfudtcs pnrn tbabtrn`njc

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Oub`ab onabtïg nfnptnfcr pnrn pcrtîtea  prcfudtcs pnrn tbabtrn`njc Fesbþ

bjbdudeôg //((fbsnrrcaac y ddccgstruddeôg)

cpbrndeôg *pangbndeôg *prbegvbrseôg: sbabddecgnr prcybdtc *c`jbtevcs *precrefnfbs *Bgtrbmn`abs Bquepc fb trn`njc 

Ferbdtcr fb fesbþc egtbmrna

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Ferbdtcr fb prbsupubstc

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Ferbdtcr onrkbtegm y dcougedndeôg

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Fbpnrtnobgtc dcobrdena

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Fbpnrtnobgtc fb acmïstedn

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Nsbscr fb prcfudtc

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Bquepc fb eggcvndeôg

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Nsbscr iegngdebrc y dcgtn`ab

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³Duîa bs ba ieg fba prcybdtc3 —Justeiedndeôg

Fb`efc n acs dno`ecs qub bstnocs vevebgfc gcs vbocs bg an gbdbsefnf fb nfnptnr ba usc fb dunaquebr  fespcsettevc evc oôvea (pcrtîtea c tn`abt) pnrn fbsnrrcaanr ndtevef ndtevefnfbs nfbs iubrn fba aumnr ln`etuna y n su vbz Tntesindbr Tntesindbr an gbdbsefnf fba usunrec nfboîs fb pcfbr dcgtnr dcg brmcgcoïn na ocobgtc fb rbnaeznr ugn ndtevefnf rboctn, feibrbgtb na bspndec ln`etuna (ciedegn, nuan fb dansb) pnrn fbsnrrcaanr ans ndtevefnfbs

³Duîa bs ba eopndtc bspbrnfc3

Ba eopndtc qub qubrbocs tbgbr bs an `ubgn ndcmefn fb an prcpubstn fb fesbþc pcr ba îrbn fb fbsnrrcaac y dcgstruddeôg, pnrn qub ba prctctepc pubfn sbr bjbdutnfc, duopan dcg acs rbqubreoebgtcs bstn`abdefcs pcr ba îrbn fb fesbþc y qub bstb pubfn sbr prcfudefc fb icron onsevn

³Duîa bs ba prc`abon3

 

Rgn vbz vbz aaaabmn bmnfn fn an pngfbo pngfboen en gcs veocs veocs bg an gbdbs gbdbsef efnf nf fb rbna rbnaez eznr nr ndte ndteve vefn fnfbs fbs fb ic icron ron rboctn rboctn,, fbspanzîgfcgcs fb gubstrc setec ln`etuna fb fbsnrrcaac fb ndtevefnfbs (bstufenr c trn`njnr), efbgteiedngfc qub gc dcgtî`n dcgtî`nocs ocs dcg acs babobgt babobgtcs cs nprc nprcpen penfcs fcs pnr pnrnn u`e u`ednde dndeôôgg fb fespcse fespcsettevcs evcs qub pbr pbroetn oetngg fbsnrrc fbsnrrcaan aanrr ans ndtevefnfbs fb icron rboctn bg dunaquebr bgtcrgc. An nusbgden fb bstn lbrrnoebgtn mbgbrn eopndtcs gbmntevcs bg an iubgtb (rebsmc fb fnþcs bg acs fespcsetevcs), ba obfec (dcgfedecgbs fba aumnr, egsuiedebgden baådtredn), b egfevefuc (nfcptnr onans pcsedecgbs), y mbgbrngfc ug eopndtc ferbdtc bg an prcfudtevefnf bg ans ndtevefnfbs.

³Bs fb gubstrn dcopbtbgden3

Gc npaedn ³^ueågbs egtbrvebgbg bg ba fesbþc y bjbdudeôg fba prcybdtc3 Bg an btnpn ba fesbþc egtbrvebgb: 

Fesbþnfcr egtbmrna

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Nsbscr fb prcfudtc y obrdnfbc

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Bquepc fb Eggcvndeôg

Bg an btnpn fb bjbdudeôg 

Nsbscr iegngdebrc

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Nsbscr fb prcfudtc y obrdnfbc

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Îrbn fb bjbdudeôg/prcfuddeôg

  ³^ueåg(bs) ac bvnaunrîg3 Ba fesbþc sbrî bvnaunfc pcr ba îrbn fb bjbdudeôg y prcfuddeôg dcg ba ieg fb bvefbgdenr an  ven`eaefnf bdcgôoedn y iugdecgna fba prctctepc bg tcfns ans btnpns btnpns fba dedac fb vefn fba prcfudtc y qub pubfn sntesindbr ans gbdbsefnfbs rbqubrefns pcr ba prc`abon pangtbnfc

³^ueåg(bs) an dcougednrîg n ctrcs y feiugferîg3

Egedenaobgtb sb rbqubrerî feiuseôg n trnvås fb rbfbs scdenabs dcg ba bquepc fb onrkbtegm, acmrngfc qub sbn ug vcz n vcz, pcsedecgîgfcgcs bg ba obrdnfc

 

^uebgbs scg acs fbstegntnrecs. ³^ueågbs scg acs `bgbiedenrecs úateocs (pc`andeôg obtn) Ba fesbþc sb bgtrbmnrn na îrbn fb bjbdudeôg y prcfuddeôg egedenaobgtb, dcg su rbspbdtevn bvnaundeôg qub pbroetn vbreiednr ba duopaeoebgtc fb acs bstîgfnrbs fb dnaefnf y n su vbz an iugdecgnaefnf y nfnptn`eaefnf nfnptn`eaefnf fba usc dcg ba daebgtb d aebgtb iegna, qub sbrî tcfn nqubaan pbrscgn qub rbquebrn rbnaeznr ugn ndtevefnf dcg ug fespcsetevc oôvea y tbgmn fbspanznoebgtcs dcgstngtbs, nfedecgna rbquebrn fb ug `ubg bspndec pnrn fbsnrrcaanr fbsnrrcaanr sus iugdecgbs. ³^ueågbs oîs sb bspbrn qub sb `bgbiedeb3 Acs bstufengtbs qub bstîg bg natbrgngden y rbquebrng fb acs fespcsetevcs oôveabs bg dunaquebr bspndec (dnsn, dcabmec, `e`aectbdn) ³Dôoc sb nsbmurnrî qub acs `bgbiedenrecs sb nprcpebg fba prcybdtc3 Tu usc abs `regfnrn ugn dcocfefnf qub acs lnrî nprcpenrsb egobfentnobgtb fba babobgtc, nfedecgna bs ug babobgtc qub `regfnrn dcocfefnf y ug dcrrbdtc `ebgbstnr `bgbiedengfc n an pbrscgn qub ac usb.

³Dôoc sb nsbmurnrî trngsibrbgden fb sbr dcgcdeoebgtcs, dcgtegunr ba prcybdtcanpcr su dubgtn, fb gbdbsnrec3 fb ocfc qub an dcougefnf pubfn

³^uå bs gbdbsnrec pnrn nadngznr ba ieg úateoc3 ? C`jbtevc insb fb fesbþc (ug c`jbtevc bs : bspbdeiedc, obfe`ab, rnzcgn`ab, rbnaestn, tebopc qub prbtbgfbocs acmrnr 

Mbgbrnr ba fesbþc fba prcfudtc dcg tcfns ans bspbdeiedndecgbs rbqubrefns pnrn prcdbfbr n su fbsnrrcaac y qub duopan dcg ans bxpbdtntevns y sb njustb n ans gbdbsefnfbs fba usunrec iegna, na bgdcgtrnrsb bg ugn setundeôg fb trn`njc rboctc. Ba prctctepc fb`b sbr Xcrtn`ab, dcgtnr dcg nddbscrecs pbreiåredcs fb bquepc fb dôoputc, nddbscrecs dcoc pnf ocusb, `nsb pnrn dba., eauoegndeôg, y nutcn`nstbdeoebgtc baådtredc tbopcrna. Pbsestbgtb, Pbsestbgtb, aevengc, furn`ab, fb iîdea dcgstruddeôg pnrn bgtrbmns n dcrtc panzc Ba prctctepc sbrî nsbque`ab na dcgsuoefcr iegna

³^uå sb bspbrn c`tbgbr dcgdrbtnobgtb3 ³^uå sb bspbrn c`tbgbr bg tåroegcs dungtetntevcs3 (prcfudtc c insb) 

Tb bspbrn tbgbr ba fesbþc fb xxxx pnrn egedenr an insb fb fbsnrrcaac

³^uå sb bspbrn c`tbgbr bg tåroegcs dunaetntevcs3 

Dcg ba fesbþc fb xxxxxxx sbn danrc prbdesc y dcgdesc fb tna icron qub ba bquepc bgdnrmnfc fb an insb fb fbsnrrcaac fba prcfudtc pubfn egtbrprbtnr ans dnrndtbrïstedns dnrndtbrïsted ns y rbqubreoebgtcs fba pangtbnoebgtc

 

³N trnvås fb quå dcopcgbgtbs y ndtevefnfbs sb aabmnrî n acs c`jbtevcs y prcfudtcs prcpubstcs3

³Duîabs scg ans îrbns c dnopcs fb egtbrvbgdeôg fba prcybdtc3 

Fesbþnfcr egtbmrna

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Nsbscr iegngdebrc

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Nsbscr fb prcfudtc y obrdnfbc

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Bquepc fb Eggcvndeôg

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Îrbn fb bjbdudeôg/prcfuddeôg

³^uå sb lnrî fbgtrc fb dnfn ugn fb baans3 

Fesbþnfcr egtbmrna Tbrn ba bgdnrmnfc fb pansonr ba dcgdbptc bg ug pangc pnrn fbieger sus feobgsecgbs y dcopcgbgtbs qub ac egtbmrng

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Nsbscr iegngdebrc Tbrn ba bgdnrmnfc fb an pnrtb fb rbnaeznrn an bvnaundeôg fb dcstcs y rbgtn`eaefnf fba prcfudtc

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Nsbscr fb prcfudtc y obrdnfbc Tbrn ba bgdnrmnfc fba nsbsôrngcs rbspbdtc n dcopbtbgden ontbrenabs, tbstbc fb obrdnfbc y feiuseôg fba prcfudtc

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Bquepc fb Eggcvndeôg Tbrn ba bgdnrmnfc fb prcpcgbr, bsqubonteznr y dccrfegnr an insb fb fesbþc

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Îrbn fb bjbdudeôg/prcfuddeôg

³Dôoc sb fbsnrrcaanrîg ba prcybdtc y ans festegtns ndtevefnfbs3

>. Drbndeôg fba Fesbþc (Btnpn bg an qub sb trnfudb an efbn `îsedn fba prcfudtc iegna bg ug fcduobgtc) 0. Fbiegedeôg fb rbqubreoebgtcs (Fbiegedeôg fb ans dnrndtbrïstedns dcg ans qub fb`b dcgtnr ba prcfudtc iegna pnrn sntesindbr ans gbdbsefnfbs) 4. Bstufec fb ontbrenabs y bstrntbmen fb obrdnfbc n bopabnr (Nsbscrnoebgtc pnrn egfednr dunabs scg acs ontbrenabs oîs nprcpenfcs pnrn qub ba prcybdtc sbn ven`ab)

 

6. Bstufec fb dcstcs (Un dcgcdebgfc ac qub tbgbocs qub lndbr y an objcr cpdeôg fb ontbrenabs, fbieger dcstcs pnrn mnrngteznr qub ba prcfudtc iegna sbn nsbque`ab pcr ba daebgtb bxtbrgc) 2. Njustbs na fesbþc egedena (Dcg ans ngtbrecrbs nsbscrïns, bs gbdbsnrec lndbr njustbs na fesbþc egedena pnrn `usdnr su ven`eaefnf) 9. Fcduobgtndeôg fb an insb fb fesbþc (Xangcs, nadngdb, prcpubstn) ³Dcg qub rbdurscs luongcs dubgtn3 Ba prcybdtc gndb fb ug boprbgfeoebgtc justeiednfc pcr an gbdbsefnf fb fbspanznrgcs tngtc trn`njnfcrbs dcoc bstufngtbs n setecs qub tna vbz gc dubgtng dcg acs babobgtcs `îsedcs qub pbroetng `regfnr dcocfefnf y dcgicrt n an lcrn fb rbnaeznr ans ndtevefnfbs dctefengns, prcvcdngfc qub an snauf fb dnfn pbrscgn sb bgdubgtrb bg rebsmc y fb emuna icron acs feibrbgtbs fespcsetevcs uteaeznfcs pnrn ug trn`njc rboctc. Xcr ac tngtc na trntnrsb fb ug prcybdtc fb boprbgfeoebgtc, gc sb dubgtn dcg oudlcs rbdurscs pnrn dcgtrntnr na pbrscgna oîs dnaeiednfc fb tebopc dcopabtc, seg bo`nrmc, sb quebrb dcgtnr dcg ba dcgcdeoebgtc bxpbrtc y nsbscrïn fb pbrscgns dnpndetnfns qub pubfng crebgtnr na bquepc fb trn`njc pnrn acmrnr acs c`jbtevcs trnznfcs. Ba rbdursc luongc bs ba semuebgtb: • • • • •

Fesbþnfcr egtbmrna (pcr lcrns) Nsbscr iegngdebrc (pcr lcrns) Nsbscr fb pr prcfudtc y obrdnfbc (p (pcr lc lcrns) Bquepc p c fb Egg Eggcvnd vndeôg (B (Bquepc p c drbnfc nfcr fb fba pr prcyb cybdtc) tc) Îrb rbnn fb bjbdudeôg/ ô g/prc rcffudd uddeôg (Xcr fbo fbongfn) fn)

Dcg qub sb trn`njnrî3 ³Dcg quå egirnbstrudturn, bquepnoebgtc y ontbrenabs sb trn`njnrî3 -

Ciedegn

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Babo abobg bgtc tcss fb ci cieedegn degnss

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Bqu queepcs pcs f fbb ddco coug ugeedn dnde deôg ôg

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Egtbrgbt

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Lnrfwnrb

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Tcitwnrb

³^uå fb tcfc baac yn sb tebgb3 -

Ciedegn

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Babo abobg bgtc tcss fb ci cieedegn degnss

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Bqu queepcs pcs f fbb ddco coug ugeedn dnde deôg ôg

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Egtbrgbt

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Lnrfwnrb

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Tcitwnrb

³^uå lndb inatn3 -

Dc Dcgt gtno nocs cs dcg dcg ac acss ba babo bobg bgtc tcss g gbd bdbs bsnr nrec ecs. s.

 

³Duîgfc y bg quå crfbg sb rbnaeznrîg ans festegtns ndtevefnfbs3 ndtevefnfbs3 ³Duîgtc tebopc furnrî ba prcybdtc3 Insb fb fesbþc: ³Duîabs scg sus btnpns3

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Btnpn p prrbaeoegnr Bstufec fb obrdnfbc

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Btnpn f fbb f feesbþc Fbiegedeôg fb bspbdeiedndecgbs Fenmrnon ugeieanr  Nprc`ndeôg fb pangcs  Ngîaeses fb ontbrenabs ontbrenabs

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Btnpn fb fb B Bjjbdudeôg

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Btnpn fb fb c cp pbrndeôg

³^uå sb precreznrî bg dnfn ocobgtc3 -

Bg an efbgte efbgteie iednd dndeôg eôg fb aacs cs ontb ontbren renabs abs npr nprcpe cpenfc nfcs. s.

³Bg quå crfbg sb rbnaeznrîg ans festegtns ndtevefnfbs3

NDVEYEFNF

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Bstufec fb Obrdnfbc Fesbþc (Xangcs) Fbig Fbigeedeôg deôg fb ont ntbr bren enaabs Ngîaeses fb rebsmc Bvnaundeôg bdcgôoedn Nprc`ndeôg fb fesbþc Bgtrbmn`ab (Fcssebr)

³Fb quå ongbrn sb sn`rî qub sb nadngznrcg acs rbsuatnfcs3

^uå prbmugtns ln`rî qub rbspcgfbr

N aac c aanr nrmc mc fb an an bjb bjbdu dude deôg ôg -acs ontbrenabs scg fb îdea dcgsbdudeôg3 -scg aevengcs acs ontbrenabs usnfcs3

Na igna igna fba prc prcybd bdtc tc -acs ontbrenabs uaeznfcs bgdnrbdbg ba prcfudtc3 -sb bvefbgden rbandeôg

-acs ontbrenabs scg fb îdea njustb3 -qub tng dcstcscs scg acs

pcsevn dcstc/`bgbidec -bs vesunaobgtb ntrndvc ba prcfudtc3

 

^uå bvefbgdens ln`rî qub `usdnr (dnaefnf)

ontbrenabs bopabnfcs3 -prub`ns fb rbsestbgden n dnïfns -prub`ns fb rbsestbgden na pbsc -prub`ns fb an `ntbrïn scanr (bopc fb dnrmn) N trnvås fb seouandrcs

Dôoc sb vng n `usdnr ^uå egcrondeôg sb rbabvnrî

Vcfcs acs nspbdtcs sujbtcs n bvnaundeôg

Dôoc sb naondbgnrî

Icrontcs fb sbmueoebgtc n acs prcdbscs Dnfn vbz qub sb tbroegb ugn pnrtb fba prctcpc y dcg ugn pbrecfedefnf sbongna bg dcoetå fb

Dcg quå pbrecfedefnf

^uebgbs vng n bvnaunr ^uå sb lnrî se ans dcsns gc ngfng `ebg

^ub sb lnrî se vng `ebg

nvngdb Bquepc fb eggcvndeôg Tuspbgfbr y rbvesnr pnrn tconr obfefns fb rbnjustb c dno`ecs bg ba fesbþc Nvngznr bg tconr acs bopcs fb ban`crndeôg fb dnfn ugn fb sus pnrtbs lnstn bgdcgtrnr an ongbrn ons bbdvn fb bgsno`ab bg obgcr

-nfnptn`eaefnf fb acs obfecs fb trn`njc - îdea trngspcrtb -njustn`ab n vnrecs fespcsevcs

Xrub`ns fb dnopc y bg fesgtcs bsdbgnrecs fb trn`njc ubrn fb cidegn An qub tbgmn onycr ndbptndeôg fb acs daebgtbs. Bgdubstns

Pbugeôg fb vnaefndeôg fb snaefn fba prcfudtc y bvnaundeôg fb objcrns Mrupc fb prub`n peactc fb usunrecs Lndbr ug pang fb nddeôg pnrn dcrrbmer naan c objcrnr ba prcfudtc c`tbgefc, `nsnfcs bg an @usdnr pntrcdegecs pu`aedetnrecs

bopc.

³Dôoc sb fnrî n dcgcdbr an bxpbrebgden n ctrcs3

³Duîgfc y dôoc sb rbmestrnrî an bxpbrebgden3 -

An bxpbrebg bxpbrebgden den sbrî rbmestrnfn rbmestrnfn pcr obfec fb dcgsua dcgsuatns tns tngtc babdtrôgedn babdtrôgednss dc dcoc oc sedns bg febrbgtbs ocobgtcs pnrn lndbr ndcopnþnoebgtc bg an nfquesedeôg y usc fba prcfudtc. Bstc sb aabvnrî n dn`c bg 4 ocobgtcs pregdepnaobgtb, ba preobrc fb baacs sbrî ba

 

rbdcgcdeoebgtc fba prcfudtc pcr obfec fb onrkbgm femetna dcg nyufn fb ug dcoougety ongnmbr bg an pîmegn fb an boprbsn, naaï ba daebgtb tbgfrî an cpcrtugefnf fb dcgcdbr ba prcfudtc y rbnaeznr dnopnþns vesetngfc n gubstrcs daebgtbs pctbgdenabs fîgfcsbabs an cpcrtugefnf fb vever ugn bxpbrebgden dcg ba prcfudtc, pcr ctrn pnrtb, ugn vbz nfquerefc ba prcfudtc sb ab scaedetnrî na daebgtb qub pcr nvcr feaembgdeb ugn bgdubstn sedn c babdtrôgedn sc`rb ans bxpbdtnvns fba prcfudtc y ba pcr quå fbdefeô nfquererac, fedlns bgdubstns gcs pbroerîg  pbroerîg  efbgidnr gubstrns crtnabzns y cpcrtugefnfbs fb objcrn qub fbg aumnr n dno`ecs, ocfeidndecgbs, qub sbrîg dcougednfns n gubstrcs daebgtbs egtbrgcs (mrupc fb fbsnrrcaac fba prcfudtc), dcg ba ig fb objcrnr dcg d cg `nsb n an bxpbrebgden, pbroebgfc fb bstn ongbrn ongtbgbrgcs bg ugn objcrn dcggun y dcgstngtb, dcg bxe`eaefnf y tcabrngden n acs dno`ecs dcgsefbrngfc acs rbqubreoebgtcs, bspbdeidndecgbs y bxpbrebgdens fb acs daebgtbs. Nsï oesoc, sb pndtnrîg ocobgtcs danvbs fb dcougedndeôg dcg acs daebgtbs pnrn dcgcdbr furngtb su usc sus bxpbrebgdens dcg ba prcfudtc y se rbquebrbg namugn nsestbgden tådgedn (mnrngn) qub ijb bg baacs an dcgingzn fb dcgtnr dcg d cg an crmngezndeôg gc scac dcoc vbgfbfcrbs se gc dcoc nsbscrbs furngtb tcfc ba bopc fb usc.

  ³^uå sudbfb ugn vbz qub dcgdauyb icronaobgtb ba pbrecfc y acs icgfcs fba prcybdtc3

Tb prcdbfbrî n pcgbr bg onrdln ba prcmrnon fb Mbsôg fba dno`ec y dcgguefnf fba gbmcdec, bg ba duna sb bstn`abdbrîg pcaïdns fb nutc scstbgeoebgtc, pcr obfec fb prcybddecgbs fb fbongfn pnrn bstnr na tngtc fba ocveoebgtc fba obrdnfc y fba gevba fb rbspubstn qub pubfn tbgbr an crmngezndeôg pnrn nrcgtnr ans nfvbrsefnfbs qub pubfng prbsbgtnrsb, bg fedlc dnsc, sbrîg dcgsefbrnfns nqubaans natbrgnvns fb prcfudtc y/c sbrvedecs qub pubfn crbdbr an boprbsn, nsï dcoc sus nsestbgdens tådgedns y fb fespcsedeôg igna fb acs prcfudtcs.

³^uå tebgb fb bspbdena bstb prcybdtc

Dcg an ndbptndeôg fba bquepc fb bjbdudeôg y prcfuddeôg y pcstbrecr ontbrenaezndeôg fba prctctepc bspbrnocs npcrtn n gubstrcs usunrecs iegnabs (prcibsecgnabs c bstufengtbs) `regfnrabs ugn nfbdundeôg n su bgtcrgc dungfc rbnaedbg an ndtevefnf dcg ug fespcsetevc bg aumnrbs gc dcgvbgdecgnabs, objcrngfc an brmcgcoïn fb an pbrscgn qub ac usb y ans vbgtnjns fb prndtedefnf na ocobgtc fb tbgbr tcfc na nadngdb fb usunrec Ba bs ug prcfudtc gcvbfcsc qub surmeô fb an gbdbsefnf bg an tcfcs gcs veocs bgvubatcs dcg an aabmnfn fb an pngfboen, nfboîs bg ocobgtcs bs gbdbsnrec fbsnrrcaanr gubstrns ndtevefnfbs bg aumnrbs rboctcs fcgfb tbgbocs qub lndbr usc fba pcrtîtea y gc lny ug bspndec nfbdunfc pnrn

 

u`ednrac c gcs qubfnocs seg dnpndefnf baådtredns bg bstcs fespcsetevcs, dcg ba xxxxxx ac pcfbocs scaudecgnr.

³Duîgtc dubstn ba prcybdtc3

NDVEYEFNF Bstufec fb Obrdnfbc Fesbþc (Xangcs) Fbig Fbigeedeôg deôg fb ont ntbr bren enaabs Ngîaeses fb rebsmc Bvnaundeôg bdcgôoedn Nprc`ndeôg fb fesbþc Bgtrbmn`ab (Fcssebr)

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Cieocv Ciedegn Ocvea OcveaCi 

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