VERUKAL - 08 - St. Mary's College Magazine
December 22, 2016 | Author: manuanoop | Category: N/A
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ST. MARYS COLLEGE
P U T H A N A N G A D I , MALAPPURAM DT. , PIN - 679 321
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Blessed LUIGI MARIA MONTI
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Provincial Superior of CFIC (India)
Very Rev. Dr. James Chitteth CFIC
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Our Beloved Manager
Fr. Joseph Kuttiyath CFIC
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Our Beloved Principal
Fr. Martin Cherumadathil
CFIC
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thcpd¸n¨hÀ...... c£m[nImcn
^m. amÀ«n³ sNdpaT¯n Ìm^v FUnÁÀ apl½Zv jloÀ ÌpUâ v FUnÁÀ apl½Zv Akvew tIm.HmÀUnt\j³ eoem hnPb³ kn.Fkv. BâWn t^mt«m{Km^n ]hn{X³ A§mSn¸pdw kmZnJv Xr¯me Cekvt{Sj³ sI.Sn. tPmÀÖv sshtem§c Pbn³ ]p¯\§mSn IhÀ, Un.Sn.]n & te Hu«v kqw {Intbj³kv, s]cn´Âa®
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thcnsâ t\cn-te-¡v. thcp-IÄ Hcn-¡epw kz]v\§ - f- à bmYmɐ°y-¯nsâ ]¨-bmb apJ-amWv. ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ bmYmɐ°y-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ \ap¡v k¦Â¸§-fmbn amdp-Ib - m-Wv. `qan-bn C\n thcp-IÄ¡v Øm\-an-sÃ-¦n Hmtcm Poh-an-Sn¸pw Poh-Èh§fmbn Xocpw, Xoɐ¨. BSn-bp-eª _Ô-§sf thcn-«p-d¸ - n-¡m³ ASn-thcp-d¨ ]Spac-§f- psS Xpcp-¼n¨ hmZ-KX - nIÄs¡-Xnsc sNdp-sN-Sn-IÄ ]S-sh-«p-Ib - m-Wv..... h©-\b - psS XojvWa- mb ]p©n-cn-tbbpw, aX-{`m´v _m[n-¨ Xnan-ct- ¯-bpw, tNmc-s¡mXn ]q a\-Êp-It- fbpw Iodn-ap-dn¨p sImv acs¯ a®n \nɐ¯m-\mbv thcp-IÄ Bgv¶n-d§ - p-Ib - m-Wv. Hcp hn¯n \n¶v ]e-Xmbv ]ncn-ªv.... kXy-¯n-tâbpw [ɐ½¯nsâbpw ]S-¨«- b - mbv .... A[ɐ½-¯n-s\-Xnsc Nm«p-fn-bmbv.... ]pXp-ab - psS Ips¯m-gp-¡n X\n-ab - psS hn{K-l§ - Ä DSbv¡ - s¸Spt¼mÄ thcp-IÄ au\w `RvPn-¡p-Ib - mWv. AXn\pthn \ap¡v s]cp-¼d sIm«mw. þ amK-kn³ kanXn thcpI-Ä
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\s«Ãp s]m«nb `qan \S-¡m-\m-hmsX Id-§p¶p ap¯p-¨n-¸n-bn hogp¶p apX-e-¡-®p-\oÀ¯pÅn-IÄ Däp t\m¡n Rm³ \nsâ apä¯v ]£n ]mIn-bþ hn¯p s]m«n-tbm. ap¯-Èn-bpsS shbnÂ\cw ]q¯pthm ]£n ]mSntbm Iq«n hgn-sX-än-t¸m-b-h³ h¶pthm ho«n hgp-Xn-ho-W-hÄ ]pg-bn s]m§ntbm ap¯-Ñsâ t]cpÅ amhn X¯ h¶pthm ^ew ]d-bp-hm³ I®n-am-§-IÄ¡p IsÃ-dn-ª-hsâ ssIbnse apdn-hn\p ]¨ne In«n-tbm. aª-¡-®pÅ ac-W-¯n³ apJw amSn-hn-fn-¨-Xmbn kz]v\w Ip-thm. Xnc-sIm-p-t]mtbm cp \ma-§sf IS-se-Sp-¯pthm Ic-X³ In\m-hns\ ag-ta-L-¯nsâ k½m-\-ambv abn-ensâ ]oen \n\-¡n¶p In«ntbm HmÀ¡m-¸p-d¯v \n\-¡n¶p In«nb Hcp-½-sImp \o ]qa-c-am-Ip-tam. ImWpI \o \nsâ NnX-ensâ PmXIw Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Xmfn Ipthm Xe-t¨m-dn-Ãm¯ Hcp-hsâ s]mbvap-Jw. þ F.A¿¸³ thcpI-Ä
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kaÀ¸Ww
km{am-PyXz iàn-IÄ sIme-¨ncn Nncn-¨-t¸mÄ H¶-aÀ¯n-I-c-bm³ t]mepw Ah-Im-iw\n-tj-[n¡s¸«-hÀ¡m-bv. . `qKÀ` PeNqj-W-¯n-s\-Xnsc ¹m¨n-a-S-bn s]m§nb abn-e½ F¶ [oc-h-\n-X-bpsS Ic-§Ä¡p-ap-¶nÂ.. . ]pXp-a-bpsS sImSp¦män ]ngp-sX-dn-b-s¸« IÀjIÀ¡pw Irjn-bn-S-§Ä¡pw ap¶nÂ. . s\äpw Nmäpw Ac-§p-hm-gp¶ tIc-f-¯n a©m-Sn¡pw A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ¡pw lrZ-b-¯n CSw \ÂInb-hÀ¡mbv. . HcnäpshÅw DS-b-hÀ¡p\ÂIm³ Ign-bmsX apdn-s¨-dn-b-s¸« ac-¡p-än-IÄ¡cn-In ap«pIp¯n am¸t]£n¡m³ t]mIp¶ a\pjycmin¡p ap¼nÂ. . . . FÃm-än\pw D]-cn-bmbn, C\nbpw ]ngp-sX-dn-b-s¸-Sm¯ thcp-IÄ¡p ap¶n kaÀ¸Ww.
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²mp-IÄ A¸p {i p¡ m h b m a Ahyà m g pw A ¸ ¼ t pÅ m I s ] qÀ Æ w D Ä Hcp t]Sn hfc- p-¶p- n S,hnsâ a\Ê w ` b- t ¯ m - s c X p c H p. m-bn-cp-¶ {i²n¨p tIÄ¡p¶ v I®pw angn¨ w 58 pJ A¸p-hnsâ a
ho«p- I m- s c- à m- h - c p- a mbn ]nW§nb cmP³ Xsâ Nn´IÄs¡m¸w \n¡p¶H-cm-sft¸mepw Inà F¶-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-¨n-Ã. ]s£......
p-¶-h-cpsS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡ ne - h m- c s ¯ k mw k v I m- c nI \ mSn Ah- n-¨n-cn¡pw ]cn-] B{ib n\ p] n¶ ns e X - c n- ¸ n- ¡ p- ¶ X ]- m-ca- pÅ Iem-cqiàn .\n-eh amcpw F¶pw §fpw Iem-Im-c³ -am-bn-cn-¡pw, Ncn-{X-¯nâ `mK - Ånt]mIpw. 40 - X AÃm-¯h
-Ãm¯ n-a-am-bX n - s à X { r I gn-ª g-bpsS Hcp ]p v I m W m ³ I n - X - b p s S h ¡ Hscm-gp b-em-dnsâ I XpS-cp-¶n h ¦nepw ÀK-f-amb ImWm³ n \ w p ¶ p XmSn¡ Hgp¡v C ¸q¸ ³ 47 Xmbn A . p Ignª
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Ir{Xn-a -a hoWp mb Xnc-¡p-I t HmÀ½-I ]mIp¶ Ah -fn hpw, ] -fn ]pgbpw cpsS mSh Ipfh p w , A - pw, a©mS- n¡ ¸ sams¡ q - ¸ ³ X m S pc- pDmI - ptam? n - b p -
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BZyw \½ Cãs- ¸«- n-c psS {]Wb p¶ A\n-bs¯ {ipXn, ¯n ] FXnÀs¯ n s ¶ A X v -sX-s´?
Ime¯ - nsâ Ips ¯mg- n-¡n DW§ - m¯ apd nhp-I au\§ - s- fbpw k f- ptm ? z]v\§ - s- fbpw sImv sI m«mcw ]W nXhÄ C¶pw Im¯ n-cn-¡p-¶p.
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_Ô-§fpw _Ô-\-§fpanÃm¯ Cu bm{X-bn temI¯nsâ hnIm-c-§fpw hnjm-Z-§fpw hnt\m-Z-§fpw I-dnª Rm³ Cu sNdp-Im-än-s\m¸w F¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Ime-¯nsâ aqI-km-£n-bmb Cu ama-c-¯n\p ap¶n-em-Wv. C\n hn{i-aw.
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{iocRvPn\n ^Ìv _n.F lnÌdn
Zmcn-{Zy-¯nsâ I®p-\oÀ Hscm-gn-hp-Zn\w Rm³ shdp-sXþ \S-¡m-\n-d-§sh hgn-tbm-c¯ - mbv Ipþ ]g-´pWns¡«p t]m Hcp hr² Iq\n-¡q-Sn-bn-cn-¡p¶p AhÀ X³ Acn-In-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ Adn-bm-sX³ ]mZ-§Ä \ne¨p t]mbv F³ ]mZ-i_vZw tI«mImw AhÀ sasà Xe-s]m¡n. angn-If - m Fs¶ sasà XtemSn \nÀÖo-h-§-fmWm I-®pIÄ k¦-S-¯m-se-¶-t]m hnd-sIm-Åp¶ A[c-§Ä. hnd-bmÀ¶ ipjvIamw Ic-§Ä F³ t\sc sasà \o«n hnd-bmÀ¶ Npn-\m hÃ-Xpwþ Xcn-sI¶p sasà a{´n¨p Zmcn-{Zy-¯nsâ ssI¸p-\oÀ Bthmfw IpSn-s¨m-cm-hr-²-am-Xm-hns\ t\m¡n \nÂs¡ Rm\-dn-bm-sX³ lrZ-b-¯n Hcp tX§-embn Btcm a{´n¨p Hcp t\cs¯ A¶-¯n-\mbv tIgp¶ F{X Zcn-{Z-cmWo `qan-bn Chco a®n i]n-¡-s¸« P·-§tfm? \½tfm Db-c-§-fn F¯nþ ¸nSnbv¡p-hm³ sh¼Â sImÅp-¶p. thcpI-Ä
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apl-½Zv kem-lp-±o³. Fw. ss^\Â _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
e£yw t\Sp∂ hnZym-`ymkw
Adn-hnsâ e£y-§fpw \qX-\amb amɐ¤-§fpw {ZpX-KX - n-bn hnImkw {]m]n¨v sImn-cn¡p- t ¼mÄ aqeym- [ n- j v T nX hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ hnh-c-WmXo-Xa- m-Wv. aqeyhpw kwkvImchpw \ne- \ nɐ¯pI F¶XmWv hnZym- ` ym- k - ¯ nsâ kp{]-[m-\a- mb e£yw.
hnhc kmt¦-Xn-I-X-bpsS hnkvt^m-S\w krãn¨ Ae-sbm-en-IÄ A[p-\nI Ime¯v A\nÀh-N\ - o-ba - mb amä-§Ä¡p hgn sXfn-bn-¨ncn-¡p-¶p. kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI km¼¯nI taJ-eI - f - n A\\y-amb amä-¯n-te¡v {]bmWw \S-¯p-¶t- Xm-sSm¸w sshÚm-\nI taJ-eb - n hn¹-hI - c - a - mb amä-§Ä¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ImX§Ä¡-¸p-d¯v \n¶v CâÀs\-än-eqsS hnZy A`y-kn-¡p¶ injy\pw ]IÀ¶ v sImSp-¡p¶ Kpcphpw hÀ¯-am\ Ime-L-«-¯n\v kp]-cnNn-Xc - mbn Ign-ªp. A\mZn Ime-§Ä¡v ap³]v h\m-´À`m-K¯v Kpl-I-fn Pohn-¨n-cp¶ \£-{X-§-sfbpw N{µ-s\bpw Bcm-[n-¨ncp¶ a\p-jy³ C¶v BImi `qan-If - nse Hmtcmkv]µ-\hpw ASp¯-dn-bm³ {ian¨v sImn-cn-¡p-¶p. bmYmÀ°y-¯n-eq-¶nb AdnthcpI-Ä
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hnsâ amÀ¤w kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ A{]m- ] y- a mb ]e t\- «- § fpw ssIh-cn-¡m-sa¶v Ncn{Xw \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Xm-h\ {]k-àa - m-Wv. \qX-\a - mb ]mTy-]² - X - n-tbm-sSm¸w Imen-Ia - mb Adn-hp-IÄ ]I-cm\pw kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Ah-t_m[w h-fÀ¯n-sb-Sp¡m\pw Ign-bp-sa-¦n am{Xta C-´y-bpsS `mhn kpc-£n-X-am-Ip-I-bpÅq.
Adn-hnsâ e£y-§fpw \qX-\amb amÀ¤-§fpw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn hnImkw {]m]n¨v sImn-cn-¡pt¼mÄ aqeym-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymk-¯nsâ hnh-cW - m-Xo-Xam-WnXv.
k\m-X-\hpw kmÀh-{Xn-I-hp-amb aqey-§sf hnZym-`ymkw ]cn-t]m-jn¸n-¡p-¶p. AÔ-hn-izm-k§ - f - n \n¶pw A\m-Nm-c§ - f - n \n¶pw AXv tamN\w \ÂIp-¶p. PnhnXw atä-Xn-t\-¡mfpw hne-s¸-«X - m-Wv. AÀ°h-¯mb PohnXw Xn³a-If - n apgp-t¼mÄ ]cm-Pb - § - fpw ZpÈo-e§ - fpw cq]-s¸-Sp-Ibpw AXv kaq-l¯ - nsâ \ne-\nÂ]n\v ISn-ªm-Wn-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. aX ZÀi-\-§-fmWv Hcm-fpsS hyàn-Xzs¯ ]cn-hÀ¯\ hnt[-ba - m-¡p-¶s - X¶v kzman hnth-Im-µsâ hm¡p-IÄ {it²-ba - m-Wv.
]ptcm-KX - n-bn-te¡v IpXn¨v sImn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw B[p-\nI a\pjy³ kmwkvIm-cn-Ia- mbn A[x-]X - n¨v sImn-cn-¡p-¶p. hÀ¯a\ Ime kw`-h§ - Ä AXv km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. ]mÝmXy kwkvImcw AÔ-ambn A\p-Ic- n-¡m-\pÅ hy{K-Xbn \mw \½psS ss]Xr-Is¯ ad¶p t]mIp-¶p. kaq-l¯ - nsâ ]ptcm-Ka - \ {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä¡v iànbpw DuÀÖhpw \ÂIp-¶Xv bph-Xz-¯nsâ IÀ½-ti-jn-bm-Wv. Ncn-{X-¯nse al-¯mb
aqeyhpw kwkv I m- c hpw \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv hnZym-`ymk- ¯ nsâ kp{]- [ m- \ - a mb e£yw. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkv Im-cn-Ih - p-amb D¶-a\ - ¯ - n-\pÅ in£Ww hnZymÀ°n- b psS kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-Ws¯ kzm[o\n-¡p-¶p. aqeyhpw kwkv I m- c hpw \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv hnZym-`ym-k¯nsâ kp{]-[m-\-amb e£yw. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpamb D¶-a-\-¯n-\pÅ in£Ww hnZymÀ°n-bpsS kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-cWs¯ kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p. a\p-jya- \ Êv Hcp ]qt´m«w t]msebmWv. \à ]qt´m-«s¯ kpZrV-am-¡m³ \à hn¯p-IÄ Bhiy-amWv. {]Ir-Xn-bn \n¶pÅ ]mThpw AXm- W v . \msf- b psS C´y. C´y cq]-s¸-«p-sIm-n-cn¡p-¶Xv C¶s¯ hnZym-e-b-§fn-eq-sS-bm-sW¶v tUm. tIm¯m cn I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«nse {]kv
]e hn¹-h-§fpw bph-Xz-¯nsâ {]Xo-I-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. bphXeapd \·-bpsS ]mXbn-eqsS Nen-¡p-t¼mÄ am{Xsa AXv Ne-\m-ßI - a - mIp-Ib - p-Åq. cmPy-¯nsâ {]Xn-kÔ - n-L«- § - f - n PmXn-þa - X - þ- `- m-jþ- t- Zi sshNm-Xy-§Ä¡-¸p-d¯v \n¶v sFIy-t¯msS Xf-cm¯ ]n³_ew \ÂInb cmPy-kvt\-ln-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw \ap¡v hnNn-´-\-¯n\v hgnsbm-cp-¡p-¶p. \msf-bpsS {]Xo-£-Isf ImÀ¶p Xn¶p¶ AÀ_p-Zambn hfÀ¶p sImn-cn-¡p¶ hÀ¤o-b-X-bn \n¶pw bph Xe-apdsb tamNn-¸n-¡pI F¶Xv AJÞ `mc-X¯ - nse Hmtcm ]uc-sâbpw _m[y-X-bm-Wv. Bdp ]Xn-äm-p-IÄ¡v ap³]v \ap¡v kzX{´yw e`n-¡p-t¼mÄ BtLm-j-§-fn \n¶pw Hgn-ªp-amdn. C\nbpw I®p-\oÀ hmÀ¶n-«nÃm¯ {Kmam-´c - § - f - n-eqsS kam-izm-k¯ - nsâ ]Xm-Ib - p-ambn k©cn¨ \½psS cm{ã-]n-Xm-hnsâ {]hr-¯n-IÄ \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶sX-´mWv? Adn-hnsâ Bg-§f - n-eqsS k©-cn¨v t\Snsb-Sp¯ aqey§Ä, tZiob \mb-I³am-cpsS \thm-°m\ þ {]hÀ¯-Ic - psS kz]v\km-^e - y-¯n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn¡mw. thcpI-Ä
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hn]n³ taemÁqÀ sk¡â v _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
t]meokv Iym¼n ]mN-I¡ - m-c\mbn tPmen e`n-¨n«v cp-am-kta Bbn- « p- Å p- s h- ¦ nepw B\µw \ndª kµÀ`- § Ä Pohn- X ¯n \t¶ Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sImv Nncn-¡p¶ apJ-t¯mSp IqSnb cmPs\ B \m«n A[n-I-amcpw In-«n-Ã. ]s£ At±-l-¯nsâ km-am-\y-¯n-e-[nIw hen-¸-apÅ sNhn-bpw, Ij-nbpw CS-hn«v \ne-sIm-Åp¶ ]Ãp-Ifpw ]e-cptSbpw Bbp-Êp hÀ²n-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p.
ho«p-Im-sc-Ãm-hc- p-ambn ]nW-§nb cmP³ Xsâ Nn´- I Äs¡m¸w \n¡p¶H-cm-sf-t¸mepw Inà F¶-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-¨n-Ã. ]s£......
cmP³ temI-¯nsâ Ah-Ø-bn hfsc Akz-Ø-\mWv ImcWw AbmÄ¡v Cu temIs¯ Ipdn¨pw ChnsS Ifn-bm-Sp¶ tIme-§-sf¡p-dn¨pw hyà-amb ImgvN] - m-Sp-v. AXv sImv Xs¶, ]e-Xn-sâbpw \³a-Xn³-a-Isf ¡pdn¨v cmP³ hmtXm-cmsX kwkm-cn-¡pw. C´y³ tNcn-I-fpsS timN-\o-b-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-t¼m-gpw, B{^n-¡³ P\X-bpsS IjvS-Xsb¡p-dn-¨pw, Ata-cn-¡-bpsS A[n-Im-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-t¼mgpw cmP³ hnIm-c-`-cn-X-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]s£ CXn-s\m¶n-\p-th-nbpw sNhn-tbmÀ¡m³ B\m-«n HcmÄ t]mepw \n¶psIm-Sp-¯n-Ã. Nmb-¡S- I - fpw _mÀ_À-tjm¸pw AbmÄ¡v shdn cmP³ F¶ sNÃ-t¸cv k½m-\n-¨p. cmP³ kwkmcw XpS-§p-t¼m-tg¡pw Nncnsbm-Xp-¡m³ ]ecpw ]Wn-s¸-«p. AbmÄ¡v H¶p a\-Ên-em-bn. temI¯nsâ Hcp apJw CXm-Wv. ]sÃmw ]e-scbpw hgn-bn XSªp sh¨v Imcy-§Ä NÀ¨ sNbvX cmP³ Bscbpw \nÀ_-Ôn-¡m-sX-bm-bn. ImcWw Hcp \mSpapgp-h³ Xs¶ t\m¡p-¶Xv Htc I®n-emWv. ]s£ cmP\v Xsâ a\-Ên\v A[nIw `mcw \ÂIm³ Ign-ªnÃ. AbmÄ a\-Ên tXm¶n-bs - XÃmw Npa-cn-t\m-Spw, Im¡-tbmSpw Imen-sXm-gp-¯nse sIm¼n-tbmSpw ]dªp. I-h-sc-Ãmw Nncn-¨p. ka-{]m-b-¡mÀ {`m´-s\¶pw ]pXnb Xe-apd _p²n-Po-hn-sb¶pw ]g-a-¡mÀ ZÀi\w In«n-b-Xm-hp-sa¶pw ]pe¼n. ]s£ cmP³ Pohn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p ]c-kl - m-ba - n-ÃmsX Pohn-¡m³ ]Tn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ho«p-Im-sc-Ãm-h-cp-ambn ]nW-§nb cmP³ Xsâ Nn´-IÄs¡m¸w \n¡p¶H-cm-sf-t¸mepw Inà F¶-Xn-\m hnhmlw Ign-¨n-Ã. ]s£ CsXm¶pw Abmsf ZpxJn-¸n-¨nÃ. ]Icw Biz-kn-¸n¨p. ImcWw tNmc-s]m-Sn-bm¯ apdn-hp-Ifpw FIm-´-Xbpw AbmÄ Cãs¸-Sm³ XpS-§n-bn-cp-¶p. Ime³ Ib-dp-ambn hcm³ Ime-am-bn-«n-sænepw ac-W-¯n-s\m¸w t]mIm³ cmP\v XmÂ]-cy-am-Wv, ]s£ Imes\ t]mbn ImWm³ cmP³ Cã-s¸-«nÃ. ImcWw AIm-e¯ - nse ZpÀa-cWw. £Wn-¡m¯ kZybv¡p t]mIp-¶Xp t]msebmsW¶v Abm-fpsS Nn´-bnse GtXm t]Pp-I-fn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶p. hoSnsâ hr¯nbpw Npäp-]mSpw H«pw Xs¶ {i²n-¡m¯ cmP\v Iq«mbv ]Ãn-bpw, ]gp-Xm-c-bpw, ]m¼p-ap-m-bn-. Ah cmP-s\tbm cmP³ Ahsbtbm Hcp X-c-¯nepw D]-{Z-hn-¨n-Ã. ]Icw kvt\ln¨p ]cn-]m-en-¨p. FÃm P´p-¡-sfbpw cmP\v Cã-am-sW-¦nepw \mK-§sf IqSp-X kvt\ln-¨p. Xsâ Imcy-§fpw temI Imcy-§fpw Hcp t]mse AhtbmSv ]¦p sh¨p. ]mepw ]ghpw amwkhpw \ÂIn. Ah asä§pw t]mIm-sX-bm-bn. AhnsS cmP³ Hcp IpSpw_ \mY-\m-hp-Ib - m-bn-cp¶p. Hcp Zn\-¯n cmP³ \mep Znh-ks¯ bm{Xbv¡p t]mIm-s\m-cp§n. FÃm Poh-Pme§-tfmSpw bm{X ]d-ª-Xn-s\m¸w \mKs¯ AXnsâ sIm«-bn-ep-aS- ¨ - p. ]e temI Imcy-¯n-\p-an-Sb - n Ah-bv¡pÅ `£Ww \ÂIm³ cmP³ ]msS ad-¶n-cp-¶p. ]e alm \K-c-§-fpw, ]pWy \Zn-I-fpw, tKm]p-c-§fpw Iv cmP³ Xnc-s¨-¯n-bXv HcmgvN Ign-ªm-Wv. ]ÃnI-tfmSpw Infn-I-tfmSpw Xsâ hc-h-dn-bn¨v ]m¼ns\ Xgp-Im³ \o«nb ssII-fn-te¡v Ah Bªp Zwin-¨p. A{Xbpw Imew ]cn-]m-en-¨X - nsâ kvt\lw Im«n-bn-Ã. ]Icw ]«n-Wn-¡n-«X - nsâ tIm]w Ah XoÀ¯p. cmP³ sshZys\ ImWn-¡m³ t]mbnà ]Icw \ndI®p-It- fmsS AI¯-f-¯nsâ Hcp tImWn Ccp-¶p. At¸m-tg¡pw Xs¶ Abm-fpsS hmbn \n¶pw \pcbpw ]Xbpw Hgp-Im³ XpS-§n-bn-cp¶p. F¶n«pw AbmÄ B \mKs¯ t\m¡n ]pe¼n \o Cg-P-´p-hà \o a\p-jy\m-Wv. Rm³ Du«n-bXv \mK-s¯-bà a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-s\.. thcpI-Ä
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t\mhmbv- Fcn-ª-a-cp¶ Xmfw GIm-´-X-bpsS \ng ]mSp-I-fn CSdn¸c-s¶m-gp-Inb NpSp-\n-W-¯n-eqsS Cgªp \o§p¶ Ccp-f-Sª taml-§Ä X³ I®p-\nÀ]m-Sp-IÄ Adn-bmsX hopw F¶n¸-S-c-th... Ddªp XpÅp¶ `K-h-Xnþ t¡ma-c-¯n³ Im Nne¼p t]m \ndªp XpÅp¶n sX³ HmÀ½-IÄ \mZw apdn-sªmcm s]m·Wn hoWbpw thZw apg-¡p¶ Kw`oc tKm{Xhpw thdn« Xmf-¯n-tem-Xn-b-sXm-s¡bpw HmÀ½-X³ IÃd sh«n-s¸m-fn¨p Rm³ Hcp a{´[z\n-bmbn aqfn-sb-Sp-¡-th... {ipXn-bnÃm ........ eb-anÃm ................ kzcw t]mep-a\ - y-ambv ..................... hnd-]q hm¡p-IÄ hnS sNmÃn AI-et- h.... hn[n-bmbn Xncn-bp¶p Ime-N-{I-¯n ]Xn-s¨m-cm Icn\n-g ]mSp-IÄ Cdp-In-b-S-s¨m-c³ I¬ap-¶n þ sXfn-bp¶p ]e ]e Xmf-¯nep-sÅm-sc³ \ng-ep-IÄ ]mXn-bS- s - ªmcm IÀ® ]pS-§f - n Ae-bS- n-s¨-¯p¶p timImÀ{Z cmK-§Ä Ae-dn-¡-c-sªm-sc³ ssII-fn apdp-Ip¶p..... Xncn-bp-¶p...... N§-e-¸q-«p-IÄ CcpÄ hngp-§n-sbm-co-d³ \nem-hmbn Ccp-fn-emp hmgv]q ]mcneo P·hpw
sdkv\n.-F³ III.B.A History
thcpI-Ä
17
amK-kn³ kan-Xn.
IÂ]m¯n þ Imes¯ AXn-Po-hn¨ P\X Imehpw, tImehpw tImew XpÅp¶ Cu \m«n Ime¯ns\ ]mc-¼cyw sImpw, BNm-c-§Ä sImpw AXnPo-hn¨v ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w \m«n X\-Xmb Hcp PohnX ssien cq]- s ¸- S p- ¯ nsbSp¯nb ImÂ]m-¯n-¡mÀ¡n-Sbn-eqsS amK-kn³ kanXn \S¯nb Hcp bm{X. al- ¯ m- b Xpw AXn- k - ¼ - ¶ - h pamb ]mc- ¼ - c y- ¯ n- \ p- S - a - I - f mb ImÂ]m¯n P\X tIc-f-¯n C¶p \in- ¨ p- s Im- n- c n- ¡ p¶ hyàn _Ô-§Ä¡pÅ adp-]-SnI-fp-ambn X§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-h-cm-Wv. Xan-gv\mS³ BNm- c - § - f p- a mbn C{Xt¯mfw _Ô- s ¸- « p- I n- S - ¡ p¶ Hcp {]tZiw C¶v tIc-f¯ - n-en-Ã. 13þmw \qäm-n Xan-gv\m-«n-ep-m- K - c - k - m-{amPyw bn-cp¶ hnP-b\ A[x]Xn-¡p-Ibpw tNc, tNmf, ]mWvVy cmPm-¡³amÀ¡v iàn £bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXv kµÀ`¯n PohnX kpc-£¡v C\n X¡-Xmb Hcp {]tZiw A-t\z-jnt¨ aXn- b mIq F¶ Ah- c psS Nn´bpsSbpw {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsSbpw ^e-ambn tIc-fs¯ AXn\pÅ Øe-ambn Is¯n AhntS¡v ]mem-b\w Bcw-`n-¨p. 13þmw \qämnsâ Ah- k m- \ ¯nepw 14-þmw \qämnsâ Bcw-
`-¯nepw Xan-gv\m-«n \n¶pw {]tXy-In¨v X©m-hqÀ, {Sn¨n, a[pc XpS-§nb {]tZ-i§ - f - n \n¶pw h¶ {_mÒ-Wc - m-bn-cp¶p `qcn-`m-Khpw AXn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶X - v. thZ, kwkvIrX ,kwKoX ]WvVn-X³amsc sImv k¼-¶a - m-bn-cp¶ B P\-X¡v Iq«-ambn X§-fpsS PohnX coXn XpSÀ¶v t]mIm³ ]änb Hcp Øe-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ At\z-jW-¯n-\n-S¡v ]me-¡m«v cmPm-hn\v Hcp {]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt¡Xmbn h¶p. A\y PmXn-bnÂs]« Hcp kv{Xosb hnhmlw Ign-¨X - nsâ ^e-ambn Ahn-sS-bp-m-bn-cp¶ X{´n-IÄ A\pjvTm\ IÀ½§Ä¡v XSÊw \n¡p-Ibpw AhnsS \n¶v ]mem-b\w sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. B k¶nKvZ L«-¯n Ahn-tS¡v h¶ Xan-gv\m-S³ {_mÒ-WÀ¡v FÃm kuI-cy-§fpw ]me-¡m«v cmPmhv sNbvXp sImSp¡p-Ibpw Ah-ch - nsS Xma-ka - p-d¸ - n-¡p-Ib - pw sNbvXp. A§s\ X§Ä ioen¨ Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn \n¶pw, BNm-c-\p-jvTm-\-§-fn \n¶pw H«pw hyXn-N-en-¡msX Hcp P\-X-bmbn tIc-f-a-®n AhÀ Pohn-Xam-cw-`n- ¨p. 1424-þ cmPmhv A¼-e¯ - n-\pÅ Øew \ÂIp-Ibpw AXh-cpsS tI{µ-ambn sXsc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A{K-lm-c-§-fm-bn-«mWv hmkØe-§Ä AhÀ Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-¯Xv. \Sp-hn Hc-¼-ehpw A¼-e-¯nsâ Npäp-ambn Hcp ame t]mse ASp¯p InS-¡p¶ Hcp-t]m-se-bpÅ hoSp-Ifpw \ap¡v ChnsS ImWmw. B {_mÒ-WÀ¡n-S-bn-epÅ lrZ-b-_-Ô-§-fpsS Gähpw henb AS-bm-f§ - fmWv Ah-cpsS hoSp-IÄ. ]cvkv]c - a - pÅ kpc-£¡pw, klm-b-§Ä¡pw DX-Ip¶ Xc-¯n-emWv hoSp-IÄ AhÀ cq]I¸\ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶X - v. hf-sc-b-[nIw Nn´n-¨n-«m-W-hÀ Xma-k-am-cw-`n-¨-Xv. Nn{X-Im-c³amÀ, thcpI-Ä
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IÂ]-Wn-¡mÀ, XpS§n Hmtcm hn`m- K - ¡ mÀ {]tXy- I - a mbpw AhnsS Xma-kn-¡p-¶p. {_Òw Adn-bp-¶-h-cmb {_mÒ-WÀ¡v thZ ]T-\-¯n-\pÅ FÃm Ahk-c§ -- fpw Chn-sS-bp-v. {KÙm£-c-§-fn Fgp-Xnb thZ-§Ä {]nâp sN¿p-Ibpw , hn¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ {]Êp- I - f pw Chn- s Sbpv. ]e kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-Ifpw kwkvIr-X-]-T-\-¯n-\pÅ an¡ ]pkvX-I-§Ä¡pw thn Ahew-`n-¡p-¶Xpw Cu ]pkvX-I-ime-Isf Xs¶-bm-Wv. {_mÒ-W-Ncy-¡-\p-k-cn¨v Pohn-¡m-\m-h-iyamb ]pg, A¼-ew. XpS§n FÃm A\p-{K-l-§ÄsImpw k¼-¶amb IÂ]m¯n {_mÒ-W³amcpsS kzÀ¤wF¶p Xs¶ \ap¡v ]d-bmw. thZ kwKoX ]T-\§ - Ä IÂ]m¯n-¡mÀ Ahcp-sS {]mW-hm-bpt¸mse Icp-Xn-t¸m-cp¶p. C¶v FÃm IpSpw-_hpw Ch-c - pw-X§ - fp-sS- ]n³ap-d-¡msc A`y-kn-¸n¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶p. AXp-sImv Xs¶-bm-Wv tI-cf - ¯ - n Gähpw IqSp-X kwKo-X-ta-J-e-hp-ambn {]hÀ¯n- ¡ p¶ Bfp- I Ä DÄsIm-Åp-¶-Xv ]m-e-¡m-Smbn amdn-bXpw, 5 ]ß-`q-j¬ Ic-Øam- ¡ nb hyàn- I Ä¡v P³aw \ÂIm³ IÂ-]m-¯n¡v I-gn-ªXpw. FÃm hÀjhpw Xpemw 28, 29, 30 Xn¿Xn- I - f n IÂ]m¯n hniz\mY t£{X¯n \S-¡p¶ IÂ-]m¯n ctYmÂkhw temI{]-ik - vXa - m-Wv. aq¶p Znh-ks¯ {Kma-]Z- £ - nWw Ign-ªmWv cYw kzØm-\¯v F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xv. DÂk-h-Im-es¯ 10 Znh-k-§fn {]apJ kwKo- X - Ú sc ]s¦Sp-¸n-¨p-sImpÅ kwKoX It¨-cn-I-fpw ChnsS \S-¯-s¸-Sp¶p. ctYmÂkh ka-b¯v Xangv\m-«n \n¶pw hcp¶ hym]m-cnIÄ tIc-f-hp-am-bpÅ hym]m-c_Ôw Du«n-bp-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-aqew
Cu DÂkhw tIcf km¼-¯nItaJ-e-bnepw ]ptcm-Km-ß-I-amb kzm[o\w sNep-¯n-t]m-cp-¶p. Imin-bp-ambn IÂ-]m-¯n¡p hfsc ASp¯ _Ô-am-Wp-ÅX - v. Imin- m-Wv. bn ]mXn IÂ]m-¯n-bn ]mXn F¶ hmbvsamgn {]i-kvXa Chn-sS-bpÅ inh-_nw_w Imin-bn \n¶pw sImp-h-¶-Xm-Wv. IÂ]m¯n t£{X-¯n sXmgp-Xm Imin-bn t]mIp-¶-Xnsâ ]IpXn ^ehpw In«p-sa-¶mWv Chn-Sp-¯p-Im-cpsS hnizm-kw. Ime-¯nsâ amä-§Ä¡-\p-kc - n¨v hcp-am-\a - mÀ¤-§f - nepw Nne amä-§Ä hcp-¯m³ Cu kaqlw \nÀ_-Ôn-I-cm-bn. 10% `qan DS-a-IÄ am{Xsa Chn-sS-bp-Åq. sshZn-I¯ - n hcp-am\w Ipd-ªXv sImv kvIqÄ hnZym-`ymkw Ic-Ø-am-¡m³ AhÀ \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-bn. ]pkvX-I-§fn \n¶pw t\Snb Adnhpw Ah-cpsS Ignhpw D-]t- bm-Kn¨v ]pXnb hcp-am\ amÀ¤-§Ä tXSn aäp tZi-§fn t]mIp-Ibpw XÂ^-ea - mbn BtKmf ]uc³am-cmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _p²n-iàn , hniz-kvXX, ITn-\m-²zm\ ioew XpS-§nb KpW-§Ä FÃm taJ-eI - f - n \n¶pw DbÀ¶ Xe-¯n tPmen sN¿m³ AhÀ¡v klm-b-I-am-bn. Hcp Ime¯v IÂ]m¯n t]mtÌm-^o-km-bn-cp¶p tIc-f¯ - n Gähqw IqSpX aWn-tbmÀUÀ h¶n-cp¶ Øe-sa-¶Xv Ch-cpsS A²zm-\-ioes¯ Ipdn¨v \s½ t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
Nn«-bmb Pohn-X-N-cy-bmWv X§-fpsS PohnX hnP-b-¯n\v ASn-Øm\-sa¶v Hmtcm IÂ]m-¯n-¡m-c\pw PnhnXw sImv km£yw hln¡p-¶p. hfsc t\scs¯ FWo-äp-Ip-fn-¡p¶ ioew Chn-Sp-¯p-ImÀ¡pv. XpSÀ¶v hnf¡p ImWn-¡p-Ibpw tIme-§Ä CSp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. FÃm hoSp-I-fnepw ]©-b\ ]qP-I-fp-ap-v. cmhn-se-bpw sshIpt¶-c-§-fnepw A¼-e-§-fn sXmgm³ t]mIp-¶Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. ]I ka-b-§-fn hnhn[ tPmen-IÄ sImpw kwKo-X, thZ ]T-\§ÄsImpw X§-fpsS Pohn-Xs¯ AhÀ [\y-am-¡p-¶p. IÂ]m- ¯ n- b n- e q- s S- b pÅ R§- f psS At\zjW§Ä¡pw, kwib§Ä¡pw lrZy-amb kzoI-cWw \ÂIp-Ibpw , DNn-Xa - mb adp]- S n- I Ä \ÂIp- I bpw sNbv X sI.- F ³. e£v a n \mcm- b - W ³ (Retd.I.R.P.S) kmdnt\mSpÅ \µnbpw, IS-¸mSpw amK-kn³ kanXn ChnsS tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-sIm-Å-s«. IÂ]m-¯n-bpsS lrZbw sXm«-dn-bm³ Ignªp F¶ Nmcn-XmÀ°yt¯msS R§Ä Xncn¨p \S-¶p. thcpI-Ä
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^m¯na \kvdn³. sI Ist.B.A English
th\Â
NnÃv PmeIw XÅn-Xp-d¶v Rmþ s\¯n-t\m¡n `qan-X³ amdn-te¡v t\ms¡¯pw Zqct¯ ssZh-¯n³ hnIr-Xn-IÄ H¸n-sb-Sp-s¯³ angn-bnse Im´w apä-¯n-\-cn-Inse sX§n³ Hme-bn cv Im¡-IÄ Xqh an\p-¡p¶p ]´o-cS- n-¸q-Ps - ¡-¯nb ]q¦mäv ]pÃm-\n-¸-SÀ¸ns\ Xtem-Sn-bp-d-¡p¶p hc a®n aeÀsN-Sn-IÄ Hcp XpÅn \ocmbv ]nfÀ¶n-Sp¶p `qan-X³ lrZ-b-th-Z\ XoÀ¡m³ Hcp sIm¨p-am{In Icªp hnfn-¡p¶p taL-§Ä agsb KÀ`w [cn-¨t¸mÄ a´v Imepw hen¨v sImtm-Sp¶p hc-p-W-§nb \mhp-ambv ]q¼mä ]qhns\ tXSn-be - b - p¶p im] {KkvXb - m- thgm¼Â ss]¦nfn hÀj-Im-e-¯n-\mbv X]-Ên-cn-¡p¶p NnÃp-Pm-eIw hen-¨-S¨p Rm³ Hgp-In-bn-d-§n-sb³ temI-¯n-te¡v au\-ambv ZpxJ kmK-c-ap-Ån-sem-Xp-¡p-aoþ -P· thZ\ Xocp¶ \mfn-\mbv
thcpI-Ä
20
A\q]v . F³. sk¡â v Fw. tImw.
sN¼Iw
AÑm Zm t_m«v \ap-¡-Xn Ib-dmw. cmlp-ensâ i_vZw Nn´-
AW-sI-«n\p apI-fn-eqsS cmlpensâ ssIbpw ]nSn¨v tZhn-tbmsSm¸w k©m-cn-If - psS Xnc-¡n-\nS-bn-eqsS \S-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-hn\v ImgvNI - f - n-sem¶pw Hcp ckhpw tXm¶n- b nÃ. Xsâ a\- Ê nse ZpxJw t]mse Cu shÅhpw sI«n \À¯n- b n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ p. tamsâbpw tZhn-bp-sSbpw kt´m-j¯n X\n¡v ]¦p tNcm³ Ignbp-¶n-ÃtÃm F¶ ZpxJw am{Xw. cmlp- e nsâ \nÀ_- Ô - a m- b mWv Cu bm{Xbv¡v Hcp-§n-bX - v. Hm^oknse Xnc-¡n\pw a\-Ênse ZpxJ§Ä¡pw Hcp Xm§m- h p- s a¶v Icp-Xn. ]s£ shdp-sX-bm-bn.
bn \n¶p-WÀ¯n. tZhnbpw Ahs\ ]n³Xm-§n. a\p-th«m \ap-¡Xn Ibdn t\m¡mw. Xsâ aqIX Iv AhÄ tNmZn-¨p. a\p-th-«s\´m kpJ-an-sÃ, CsÃ-¦n th Ah-fpsS apJw hmSn-bn-cp-¶p. Gbv F\n-s¡m-¶p-anà F¶p ]dªv apJ-s¯mcp Ir{Xna ]p©ncnbpw hcp-¯n. Ah-tfbpw tNÀ¯v ]nSn¨v t_m«n-\-Sp-t¯¡v \S-¶p. HcmÄ¡v 25 cq]-bmWv t_m«n Ib-dm³. ss]k sImSp¯v t_m«n Ib-dn. Ip«n-¡m-e¯v Hcp-]mSv B{K-ln-¨n-cp¶p {^vkn-t\m-sSm¸w Xam-is - bm-s¡ ]dªv Cu Umw apgp-h³ t_m«v khmcn \S-¯m³. ]s£ A¶-Xn\p Ign-ªn-Ã. C¶n-t¸mÄ ]s£ AXnsem¶pw Hcp ck-hp-an-Ã. cmlp ]s£ `b-¦c {XnÃn-em-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ ImgvN-Isfms¡ \¶mbn Bkz-Zn-¡p-¶p-v. CS-bv¡n-sS-bpÅ Ahsâ tNmZyw Xsâ kzIm-cy-Xsb \in-¸n-¡p-¶p-s-¦n-epw Ahs\ shdpsX ]nW¡ F¶p IcpXn Hmtcm IÅw ]d-ªp-sIm-n-cp-¶p. PohnXw ]et¸mgpw A§-s\-bm-Wv, apJw aqSn-bW - nª Hcp tImam-fn-sb-t¸m-se. khmcn Ignªv aS-§p¶ Hcp t_m«n-te¡v shdpsX H¶v t\m¡n-bt¸mÄ AXnsâ sskUn-en--cn-¡p¶ ]pcp-js - \bpw kv{Xosbbpw FhnsStbm Iv ad-¶Xp t]mse. AXv X§-sfbpw IS¶v t]mb-t¸mÄ AXn-te¡v Xs¶ Xncnªv t\m¡n-bt- ¸mÄ tZhn tNmZn-¨p. F´m a\p-th«m BcmWXn ? Gbv Bcp-anà F¶p ]dªv Hgn-sª¦nepw an¶mbw t]mse adª B apJ-§Ä a\-Ên Hcm-bncw tNmZy§-fp-WÀ¯n. t_m«v khmcn Ignªv Km-ÀU-\n-te¡v {]th-in-¨t- ¸mgpw Afp-IÄ¡n-S-bn Ahsc Xnc-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AÑm, \S¶p Ipg- c - h - X - m\n t]mse hncn¨ §n. \ap-¡h - nsS Ccn-¡mw. KmÀU-\nse ]-¨] ]pÃv Nqn cmlp ]d-ªp. Hcp ImämSn ac-¯n\p apI-fn aqhcpw hn{i-an-¡m-\n-cp-¶p. tZhn _mKn-\p-Ån \n¶v Rmen-¸q-h-s\-Sp¯v cmlp-en\v sImSp-¡p-I-bm--bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\n-S-bn Ah-sfm¶p Xsâ thcpI-Ä
21
BZyw \½psS {]W-bs¯ Cã-s¸-«n-cp¶ A\n-b¯n {ipXn, ]ns¶ AXv FXnÀs¯-sX-s´? t\À¡v \o- « n. F\n¡v th F¶p ]dªv Xn-cn--bp-¶-Xn-\n-Sbn hopw Ahsc Ip. AhÀ cp t]cpw X-§Ä¡-cnIn-eqsS \S¶p hcn-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶p. A½p-hsà AXv. a\-Êd - n-bmsX a{´n- ¨ p. AsX A½p Xs¶, Imew ssIhn-cpXv Im«n-bn-«ps¦nepw Xncn- ¨ - d n- b m³ Ignbp¶apJw. `qX- I m- e - ¯ nse HmÀ½-I-fn-eqsS a\-Ê-dn-bmsX k©-cn-¨p. Iuam-c-¯nsâ {]-`mX- § - f n- s et¶m A\p- h mZw IqSmsX \o a\- Ê n- \ pf- f n {]Xnjv T Ccp- ¶ n- s Ã. HSp- h n A\p-hm-Za - n-ÃmsX \o X\nsb Cd§n- t ¸m- b nsà ? A¶p Rm\v sIm«n-b-S¨ a\-Ênsâ hmXn Xpd-¡m³ ]n¶o-SmÀ¡pw Ign-ªnÃ. F´m a\p-th«m Btem-Nn-¡p¶Xv? tZhn-bpsS tNmZyw Nn´bn \n¶p-WÀ¯n. t\m¡n-bt¸m-tg¡pw AhÀ t]mbn-Ig- n-ªncp-¶p. ho«n-se-¯n-b-t¸m-tg¡pw cm{Xnbm- b n- c p- ¶ p. A¯m- g - ¯ nsâ t]cn Fs´m Ign- s ¨¶p hcp¯n thKw Dd-§m\v InS-¶p. bm{X- b psS £oW- ¯ n- e mImw tZhnbpw cmlpepw thKw Dd-§n. ]s£ a\-Ên sXfn-bp¶ A½phnsâ apJw a\-Êns\ hopw `qX-Im-e-t¯¡v sImp t]mhpI-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Iuam- c - ¯ n {]W- b - ¯ nsâ Xo£vW-X-bn A½p-hn-s\bpw Im¯v B ac- ¨ p- h - « nÂ
F{Xtbm Znh-k§ - Ä Im¯p \n¶p. Ahsf Hcp t\m¡p ImWm³. HSp-hn Cã-am-sW¶v ]d-ªt- ¸mÄ Ah-fpsS I®p-If - n I Xnf¡hpw Ah-fpsS ]p©n-cnbpw Xs¶ ]pXn-sbmcp temI-t¯-¡mWv Iq«n-s¡mp t]mb-Xv. ]ns¶ ]c-kv]cw aÂk-cn-¨pÅ kvt\lhpw CS-bv¡pÅ sIm¨p ]nW-¡§ - fpw Pohn-X¯nse kzÀ¤ob \nan-j§-fm-bn. BZyw \½psS {]W-bs¯ Cã-s¸-«n-cp¶ A\n-b¯n {ipXn, ]ns¶ AXv FXnÀs¯-sX-s´? Hcp ]s£ \ns¶ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xn Ft¶-¡mÄ hnP-bn-¨Xv Ah-fm-bn-cp-¶pthm? F\n-t¡-ähpw C-ã-apÅ aª-bn kzÀ® \qep-sImv Unssk³ sNbvX ]«p ]mhm-Sbpw Ip¸m-bh - p-an-«mWv ]e-t¸mgpw \o Fsâ ASp¡Â h¶n-cp-¶X - v. sN¼I¸q apSn-bn NqSn-bXp sImmhmw sN¼I-¸q-hnsâ KÔ-am-bn-cp¶p \n\-¡v. BÂa-c-Np-h-«n \n¶pw \o s\änb Nµ\w NmÀ¯n Xcp-t¼mÄ \nsâ I®p-Ifnte¡v t\m¡n \n¡p-t¼mÄ Cu temIw \nÝ-ea - m-sb-¦n-se¶v Rm³ ]e-t¸mgpw B{Kln-¨n-cp-¶p. \nsâ hnhmlw \nÝbw Ignªp F¶-dnªv Rm³ HmSn \n¶-cn-Inse-¯n-bt- ¸mÄ a\p, ANvO³ ià-ambn FXnÀ¡p¶p. Cu hnhmlw \S-¶m Xs¶ aI-fmbn ImWm-\m-hn-söv XoÀ¯p ]dªp? am{Xaà a\p-hn-s\mcp tPmen-bn-ÃmsX \½-sf-§s\ Pohn-¡pw. Ic-¨n-ensâ ht¡m-fs - a-¯nb Fsâbpw \nÊ-lm-bmb \nsâbpw \Sphn kpµ-c\pw ]W-¡m-c-\p-amb B bphmhv AKm-[-amb hnÅ-epm-¡n-sb¶v Rm\-dn-ªp. F\n-s¡´p sN¿m³ Ignbpw F¶ \nsâ tNmZyhpw Xncn-ªpÅ \S-¯-hpw. \nsâ hnS-]-d-¨n-em-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Rm\-dn-ªn-Ã. B sN¼-I¸ - q-hnsâ KÔw F\n¡v Fs¶-t¶-¡p-ambn \ã-s¸-Sp-Ib - m-sW¶ bmYmÀ°y-t¯mSv Ft¸m-gmWv F\n¡v s]mcp¯-s¸-Sm³ Ign-ªX - v? A½p-hnsâ hnhmlw Ign-ªp. ]n¶o-sS-t¸mtgm {ipXn ]d-ªm-WX - dn-ª-Xv. Pohn-X-¯nsâ Ips¯m-gp-¡n-s\-Xnsc \o´m³ {ian-¨p-sh¦nepw Ign-ªn-Ã. Ahkm\w Hcp ]nSn-hÅ - n-bmbn IXv tZhn-bpsS ssII-fm-Wv. ]pXnb Pohn-X-¯nÂtZhn kvt\lw sImp hoÀ¸p ap«n¨ \nan-j§ - f - p-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw, Nne \nan-j§ - f - Ä¡v A]qÀ®X-bpsS Ibv¸pbn-cp-¶p. hÀj-§Ä¡p tijw Hcn-¡Â {ipXn ]d- , Abmªp, a\p-th«m A½p-hnsâ `À¯mhv ImWp-¶Xp t]mse-bà sfmcp apgp-Ip-Sn-b\ - W - v. am{X-aà Abm-fpsS k¼mZyw apgp-h\pw AbmÄ [qÀ¯Sn¨p If-bp-Ibpw Ct¸mÄ A½p-hnsâ hoXw In«m-\mbn Ahsf F¶pw XÃm-dp-ss{X? G«s\ H¶p ImWm³ Xc-s¸-Sptam F¶p tNmZn-¨p. G«-t\mSv Fs´m-s¡tbm ]d-b-W-sa¶pw thZ-\n-¸n-¨-Xn\v am¸p ]d-b-W-sa¶pw ]d-ªp. Hcpam¸-t]£ kzoI-cn-¡m-\pÅ amlm a\-kvIX As¶-\n¡p tXm¶nbn-Ã. F´n-\m-bn-cn¡pw Abm-fh - s - fbpw Iq«n Ct§m«v hcp-¶X - v. Nnet¸m-f-bmÄ \¶m-bn-«p-m-hpw. F´m-bmepw AhÄ kt´m-j-am-bn-cn¡s«! ]Xps¡ H¶p \niz-kn-¨p. t¢m¡n-te¡v t\m¡n-bt- ¸m-gmWv kabw aq¶-cb - m-bX - d - n-ªX - v. Hmtcm-¶m-tem-Nn¨p kabw t]mb-Xd - nªn-Ã. Xncnªv im´-am-bp-d-§p¶ tZhnsb t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ a\-Ênse-hn-sStbm Hcp Ipä-t_m[w tXm¶n. I®-S¨ - t- ¸mÄ I¬t]m-fI - Ä thcpI-Ä
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Dd- ¡ - ¯ n- \ mbv Im¯n- c p- ¶ - X pt]mse Dd-¡¯ - nsâ AKm-[X - b - nte¡v hgpXn hoWp.
a\p-th«m Cs¶´m Hm^o-knÂ
t]mIp-¶ntÃ? tZhn-bpsS tNmZyamWv Dd-¡-¯n \n¶p-WÀ¯nb-Xv. G«-s\´m ]än-bX - v. C¶se Dd-§n-bn-sÃ, Xe thZ-\n-¡p-¶ptm.. t\m¡s«? tZhn- b psS \\p¯ ssI¯ew s\än-bn ]Xn- ª - t ¸mÄ DÅn hopsamcp Ipä-t_m[w DS-se-Sp-¯p. F\n-s¡m-¶p-anà F¶p ]dªp _m¯v dqan-te¡v \S-¶-t¸mgpw Ah-fpsS apJ-t¯¡v t\m¡m³ Ign-ªn-Ã. ]Ãp-tX¸pw Ipfnbpw Ignªv Xe-bn Xncp½n hcpt¼m- g mWv ]{X- ¡ m- c sâ ssk¡nÄ aWn tI«-Xv. D½-dt¯¡v sN¶v ]{Xw FSp¯p a\Ên Ct¸mgpw {In¡-änsâ Pzcw _m¡n \n¡p-¶Xv sImmhmw BZyw t\m¡p-¶Xv kvt]mÀSvkv t]Pm-Wv. AXn-te-¡mbv adn-¨psIm-n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Nc-a-tIm-f¯nse hmÀ¯-bnepw AXn-\-Snbnse t^mt«m-bnepw I®p-IÄ DS¡n \n¶p. bphXn Uman hoWp acn¨p F¶ Xe-s¡-«n-\Sn- b n A½p- h nsâ t^mt«m. hopw hopw B t^mt«m-bnte¡v t\m¡sh I®n Ccp«p Ib-dp-¶Xp t]mse, Imep-IÄ Xf-cp-¶-Xp-t]m-se, Hcp Xm§n\mbn a\Êv hÃmsX sImXn-¨p. am¸p ]d- b m\pw FÃmw Xncp¯m\pw AhÄ h¶-t¸mÄ X¿mdm-Im-¯X - nsâ ZpxJw apgp-h³ a\Ên Ae- b - S n¨p hcp- ¶ p.
At¸m-gmWv AXv IXv _kv tÌm¸nsâ ]n¶n \n¡p¶ B ac-Np-h-«n ]«p-]m-hm-Sbpw Ip¸m-b-hp-an«p \n¡p¶ Hcp s]¬Ip«n .
At¸mÄ AXn\p X¿m-dm-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦nepw ]n¶o-sS-t¸mtgm Ahsf H¶p ImW-W-sa¶v B{K-ln-¨n-cp-¶p. Ct¸mÄ Ah-fpsS tNX-\-bä apJw ImWm\pw A´n-tam-]N - mcw AÀ¸n-¡m\pw a\Êp hÃmsX tIgp¶p. {]`mX `£-W-¯n-\ncp-¶t¸mgpw Nn´ apgp-h\pw AXp Xs¶-bm-bncp-¶p,. shdpsX `£-W-¯n-te¡v t\m¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Iv tZhn tNmZn-¨p. a\p-th-«-s\´p ]än, C¶se apX H¶nepw HcpÕm-l-hpan-ÃmsX? adp-]S- n-bnÃ. ]s£ , \ÂIn-bX.v tZhn Rm\n¶p ho«n-te¡v t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. A½-sbbpw AÑ-s\bpw In«v Ipd-¨p Znh-k-§-fmbn, Xncn-¨h - s - ft´m ]d-sª-¦nepw AsXm¶pw tIÄ¡m³ \n¶n-Ã. cmhn-es¯ _Êv ]nSn¨v ho«n-se-¯n-bm {ipXn-sbbpw Iq«n ac-Who-«n-te¡v Afn-b³ KÄ^n-em-b-Xn-\m AhÄ an¡-hmdpw ho«n-embn-cn-¡pw. _kv tÌm¸n-te¡v \S-¡p-t¼mÄ tZhn-tbmSv IÅw ]d--tbn h¶-Xnsâ \oä a\-Ên \n¶pw hn«p amdn-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ac-W-ho-«nse-¯n-bt- ¸mÄ Bcmepw {i²n-¡s - ¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ {ian-¨p. shÅ-¯pWn-bn Igp-t¯m-fw, ]ns¶ apJ-¯nsâ ap¡m `mKhpw ]pX¨ A½p-hnsâ \nÝe icocw Im¬sI taemsI Hcp hnd-be - \ - p-`h - s - ¸«p. A½p-hnsâ Xnf-¡hpw `wKn-bpÅ B I®p-IÄ, AX-Sªp InS¡p¶p. FÃmw ad¶v AhÄ Dd-§p-¶-Xp-t]m-se, AsXm¶v Xp-d-¶n-cps¶-¦n F\n¡v ]d-bm-am-bn-cp¶p A½p Ft¶mSv am¸p tNmZn-¡m³ am{Xw F´p sXämWv sNbvXX - v. IqSp-X Ahsf t\m-¡n-bt- ¸mÄ XfÀ¶p hogp-sa¶v tXm¶n. XncnsI _kv tÌm¸n-se-¯n-bt- ¸mÄ ico-chpw a\Êpw Hcp t]mse £oWn-¨n-cp-¶p. At¸m-gmWv AXv IXv _kv tÌm¸nsâ ]n¶n \n¡p¶ B ac-Np-h«- n ]«p-]m-hm-Sbpw Ip¸m-bh - p-an«p \n¡p¶ Hcp s]¬Ip«n . AhÄ Xâ-cn-In \n¶ B¬Ip-«n-bpsS s\än-bn Nµ\w NmÀ¯p-¶p. Ah-\-h-fpsS I®p-I-fn-te¡v t\m¡n \n¡p¶p. FÃmw ad-¶v. `qX-Im-et- ¯¡v hopw t]mIp-sa¶v tXm¶n-bt¸mÄ I®p-Ifm ImgvNb - n \n¶pw am-än. DÅn-se-hn-sStbm ambmsX \n¶n-cp¶ HmÀ½-Ifpw AtXmsS am-ªp-sh¶v tXm¶n. ho«n-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ sshIn-bn-cp-¶p. tZhn X\n-t¡-ähpw Cã-s¸« `£Ww Xs¶ Dm¡n Im¯-cn-¡p-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶p. ]s£. Ft´m AXn- s emcp ckhpw tXm¶n- b n- à . Xe- t h--Z - \ - b m- s W¶v ]dªv t\scs¯ Dd-§m³ InS-¶p. tZhn-bpsS ssI s\©n Xtem-Sn-bt¸mÄ Rm\p-d§ - msX InS-¡p-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶p. a\pth«m Fs¶bpw Iq«mam-bn-cp-¶n-tÃ, Hcp ss[cy-¯n-\m-bv. F\n-s¡mcp hnj-a-sa-bp-Åq, C{Xbpw Imew IqsS Xma-kn-¨n«pw cl-ky-§Ä ssIam-dp-hm\pw ZpxJ§Ä ]¦p-th-bv¡m-\p-apÅ Hcpä kplr-¯mWv Rms\¶v G«\v C\nbpw tXm¶n-bn-«nsÃ? Ahsf hmcn ]pWÀ¶v s\©n-te-¡a - À¯n-bt- ¸mÄ Fsâ ZpxJw AWs]m-«n-bt- ¸mÄ Hcn-¡Â sIm«n-bS- ¨ a\-Ênsâ hmXn Xpd-¡s - ¸-Sp¶Xpw F\n¡v iàn ]I-cp¶ Hcp amem-Jb - mbv AhÄ amdp-¶Xpw Rm³ Ip. F\n¡v kv t \ln- ¡ m³ Fsâ kz]v \ - § Ä ]¦p shbv¡m³ F¶p-sa¶pw. AsX F\n-¡mbv hop-samcp sN¼Iw ]q¡p-I-bmWv. Pohn-X-¯n-se§pw kuc`yw \ne-\n¡m-\mbv Hcn¡epw sImgn-bm¯]q-¡f - p-am-bv.. thcpI-Ä
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English Department
INDIAN FICTION IN ENGLISH Origin and Development
Epics,Drama, Short stories and
fables have their ancestries going back by several centuries. But the novel has germinated and taken roots in India only within the span of a little more than a century. The origin of the nord goes back to the development of formal written prose in the regional languages, with the help of Indian scholars, Christian missionaries had translated the Bible into many living languages of India. Then prose medium became handily for official use for petitions, records, journalism and for the translation of Sanskrit classics including novels followed. This literary renaissance, first manifested itself in Bengal. Immediately afterwards, the signs of the new life, were to be seen in Madras, Bombay and other parts of India. However the real beginnings of the novel began with the works of the great Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. His first published novel. Rajmohans wife (1864) was in English. It was followed by Rajalakshmi Devis. The Hindu wife (1876),and Poru Dutts Bianca in 1878. Today, these novels written in English have no more interest for us than a historical interest. Bankim was inspired by Tods Annals and antiquates of Rajasthan and scotts historical romances. Anandanath (1882) is Bankims best known work though not his greatest novel. In other novels Bankim has introduced Sannyasis in to fictional narratives. The Sannyasis in to figures often in India fiction were considered as beneficent or ludicrows characters.. In Tagores novels there is an effort to bridge the East and West. Before 1947, the English models were the major outside influences on the Indian novel. After
independence, novelists in India have shown themselves susceptible to the influence of American and European modles. Some novelists have shown how the joy of our freedom has been more than neutralized by the tragedy of partition. Serious novelists have shown how in spite of freedom there is continuing corruption, inefficiency, poverty and misery. The difficulties faced by the novelists are real, what to write and in which language? The novelist is a man and an artist and hence what he writes can comprehend all that comprises mans life and can exploit all the graces and freedom of art. In India, novel is still an envolving literary genre. The practitioners are trying for a fusion of form, substance and expression that is recognizably Indian and bears the mark of universality. Various themes selected for the fiction novels whose action is set By the side of a river are a category by themselves for eg: K.S Venketaramans Murugan the taillor R.K Narayans novels centred in Malgudi on Sarayu. History as the theme of fiction seems indeed to exercise a special fascination for many Indian novelists. eg: Romesh Chander dutts The slave Girl of Agra (1909) Some, especially, Assamese have tea estates as their maine theme. eg: Mulk Raj Anands Two Leaves and a Bud. In modern times, Tagores The home and the world and Four chapters presents the issue between ends and means in politics in the context of revolutionary movements 20th century. Mulk Raj Anands The sword and the sickle covers the politics of 20th century. The growing chasm between the Hindu and Muslims Communities between India and Pakistan, Bengal Hungers, The Quit india movement are covered in novels like . eg: N.S Phadke - Leaves in the August wind. R.K Narayanan - Waiting for Narayan Kushwant Singh - Train to Pakistan. Kamala Markandeya - Some Inner fury The novels of social criticism and social protest also form a distinctive group. eg: Kumara Gurus A Daughters shadow is a mild protest against the westernization of the soul of India that is now in programmes. Raja Rao , R.K Narayan and Mulk Raj Anand are the foremost IndoAnglican novelist in the post - independence era. They have the ability to fabricate the most intimate and intricate scanes of the home and coundry The Indian novelists are not casually attracted to new techniques Anita Desai in her Cry the peacock (1903) and voices in the city (1965) has on a de intelligent use of the teqnique. As recently in Arundathi Roys The God of small things. Now guarded experimentalization is going on: Zigzag in narration ,jumbling the past, present and future to charge the novel with suspense and piquancy. thcpI-Ä
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kpIrXw sNbvX-h³ ! EXp t`Z-§Ät¡m IS-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ Imäp-IÄt¡m \ns¶ Cf-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. \n\¡p Iq«n-\mbv Infn-I-fpw Ipbn \mZ-§fpap.v ]s£, Ømbn-`m-h-an-Ãm¯ Rm³ GI-\m-Wv. thc-dn-bmsX De-bp¶ Imänsâ tXmg-\m-Wv.
thcpI-Ä
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thcpI-Ä
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A\p. Sn.- F-kv. tXÀUv _n. F. Cw¥ojv
HmÀ½-bnse A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡v
ImSpw, taSp- s aÃmw Ae- ª p \S¶v am§-bpw, N¡bpw Im«p]-g§ - fpw ]dn¨v Xn¶p-\S- ¶ - v, ]pgbn-epw, tXm«n-epw, If-¯n-epsaÃmw NmSn-¯n-anÀ¯v aÕ-cn¨v \o´n-bn-cp-¶X - v.
\K-c¯ - n h¶v Xma-ka - m-¡n-bn«v Hcp ]mSv \mfm-sb-¦nepw, ]qÀ®ambn AXn-t\m-Sn-gIn-t¨-cm³ F\nbv¡v CXp-hsc Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. ChnsS ]d-¼n-te-bv¡n-d§n ]£n-I-fpsS ]m«p tI«v \S-¡m-s\¶pw Ign-bm-dnÃ. FÃm-hcpw hoSn-\-I¯v F{X t\c-amWv hmXn-ep-I-f-S-¨n-cn-¡p-¶sX¶v Rm³ AÛp-Xs - ¸-Sm-dpv. `mKy-¯n-\v,- Fsâ hoSn\p ap³]n sNdn-sbmcp Hgnª ]d-¼p-v. Ahn-sS-bmWv Npäp-apÅ hoSp-I-fn \n¶v Ip«n-IÄ Ifn-bv¡m³ hcm-dp-Å-Xv. F¶pw sshIp-t¶-c-§-fn Ah-cpsS Ifn-IÄ Bkz-Zn¨v \n¡pI F¶Xv Fsâ ]Xn-hp-I-fnsem-¶m-bn-cn-bv¡p-¶p. Xnc-¡p-If - n \ns¶m-gnªv Ah-cpsS Ifn-Ifpw AXn-\n-S-bnse ]nW-¡-hpw, CW-¡hpw sNdnb NÀ¨-I-fp-saÃmw ho£n¨v Hcp ImgvN¡ - m-cn-bm-bn-cn-bv¡m³ {]tXy-Ia - mb Hcp ck-amWv... AXn-\n-Sb - n ]e Nn´-IÄ..... Nnet¸msgms¡ B ]d-¼n ]ip-hn-s\bpw sImv hfsc {]mbapÅ Hcpkv{Xo hcm-dp-v. AhÀ ]d-ªXv ]-hnsS apgp-h³ ImSmbn-cp-s¶-¶m-Wv. Hcm\ \n¶m t]mepw ImWm-¯{X ]pÃpw, ac§fpw AhnsS hfÀ¶n-cp-¶p-h-t{X. AXn\p \Sp-hn Hcp Ipf-ap-mthcpI-Ä
27
k¦oÀ®-amb Pohn-Xs¯ t\cn«v Xf-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-m-Imw.
Ir{Xn-a-amb Xnc-¡p-I-fn hoWp t]mIp¶ Ah-cpsS HmÀ½-I-fn ]pgbpw Ipfhpw, ]mS-hpw, a©m-Sn-¡p-cphpw, A¸q- ¸ ³ XmSn- b psams¡ Dm-Iptam? bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw Ah-cpsS Ip«n¡m-e¯v Ønc-ambn Ipfn-bv¡m³ hcm- d p- Å Xv B Ipf- ¯ n- t ebvv¡mbn-cp-¶p-sh-¶pÅ Adnhv Fs¶ AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯n. Ccp«p ]SÀ¶ ac- § Ä¡nS- b n Hcp Ipfw.. B Ø- e - ¯ nsâ DSa Ipfw \nI¯n \à hnebv¡v hnän«p- m- I pw. F¦nepw Ct¸mgpw AhnsS hoSp-Is - fm¶pw h¶n-«n-Ã. CSvbv¡v F\nbv¡v tXm¶m-dpv, B a-®n-\S- n-bn shÅw \ndªv ]pd-t¯-bvs¡mgpIm³ hoÀ¸pap«p-¶p-s¶v. Fs´ms¡ A\p- ` - h - § - f mWv F\nbv¡v \ã-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv? AXn-tesd hcpw Xe-ap-dbv¡v ... F.-kn. dqan-en-cp¶v I¼yq-«dnsâ tkm^väv shbÀ t{]m{Km-an-s\-¡pdn-¨pw, BW-hm-bp-[§ - s - f-¡p-dn-¨psams¡ NÀ¨ \S-¯p¶ AhÀ¡v {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn Hcp _Ôhpw Dm-Im-\n-S-bn-Ã. A½ Ft¸mgpw Ah-cpsS Ip«n¡m- es-- ¯- ¡ p- d n¨v ]d- b m- d pv . ImSpw, taSp- s aÃmw Ae- ª p \S¶v am§-bpw, N¡bpw Im«p]-g§ - fpw ]dn¨v Xn¶p-\S- ¶ - v, ]pgbn- e pw, tXm«n- e pw, If- ¯ n- e psaÃmw NmSn-¯n-anÀ¯v aÕ-cn¨v \o´n-bn-cp-¶X - v. A§s\ \S¶v kÔy- b m- I p- t ¼m- g mWv ho«n hcn-I. Pohn-X¯ - nsâ hk-´I - me-am-bn-cp¶p AXv F¶mWv A½ ]d- b m- d p- Å - X v . _mey- ¯ nse HmÀ½-IÄ Gähpw hne-]n-Sn-¨-XmIp- ¶ Xv ]n¶oSv \mw AXn
]d-ªp-h¶ - Xv C¶se Ah-cpsS Ip«n-IÄ t\m¡n \n¡p-t¼m-gmWv Hcp A¸q-¸³ XmSn Imän ]Xps¡ Deªv Fsâ ap³]n h¶p hoW-Xv. sshIp-t¶-cs¯ Cf-sh-bn X«n AXnsâ shÅn tcma§Ä Xnf-§n... Rm\-sX-Sp¯v Ipsd t\cw t\m¡n \n¶p. ]ns¶ ssII-fn sh¨v ]Xps¡ DuXn. hop-aXp \\p-¯-Im-än BSn-bpeªv Zqtc-bv¡v... Ft´m Fsâ I®p-IÄ \nd-ªp. Fsâ a\-Ên-ent¸mÄ Zqsc ae-\n-cI - f - n-se-¶t- ]mse aªp s]¿p-Ib - m-Wv.. AXn-\-¸pdw Ahy-à-amb Ipsd Nn{X-§Ä ]Xps¡ sXfnªp hcp¶p. Fsâ Iq«p-Im-cp-sam¯v Ifn¨p \S-¶X - v.... A½-bpsS _meyIm-es - ¯-t¸m-se, A{X-sbm¶pw k¼-¶a - s - Ã-¦nepw R-§Ä¡pw HmÀ½-If - n Nne-sXm-s¡-bp-v. Iq«p-Im-cpsam¯pÅ IfnIÄ, AXn-se-\n-t¡sd Cãw a©m-Sn-¡p-cp-hpw, Ip¶n-¡p-cphpw tiJcn¨v NnÃp Ip¸n-I-fn \nd-bv¡m-\m-bn-cp-¶p. ]ns¶ Nph¶ Hcp Xcw ]pÃp-v. AXnse shÅw sImv R§Ä tÉäv ambv¨n-cp-¶p. CsXÃmw tiJ-cn-¡m-\pÅ aÕ-c-¯n F\nbv¡p ]t£ Ipds¨ In«m-dp-Åq. F¶n-cp-¶mepw R§-fpsS kz]v\-§Ä¡v Ah \ndw ]IÀ¶n-cp-¶p... ]e hmSI hoSp-If - n-em-bmWv Rm³ hfÀ¶-Xv. AhnsS-sbÃmw A¸q-¸³ XmSnbpw Imän-ep-eªv h¶n-cp-¶p. Unkw-_d - nse XWp¯ cm{Xn-If - n {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp¶ {InkvXp-akv A¸q-¸s - \-t]mse Ft¸m-gp-sa-¶X - p-t]mse BSn-bp-eªv a\-Ên aªp s]¿n-¨v, AsXs¶-tXSn hcp-am-bn-cp¶p... Hcn-bv¡epw AsX-hnsS \n¶mWv hcp-¶Xv F¶v F-\n-bv¡d - n-bm³ Ignªn«nÃ. Ip«n-IÄ Ifn-bv¡p-¶Xv t\m¡n \n¡p-Ib - m-bn-cp¶ Fsâ-bS- p-t¯¡v h¶ A¸q-¸³ XmSn-sb-¡p-dn-¨mWv ]dªp XpS-§n-bX - v. AhÀ Ifnbv¡p-¶X - n-\¸ - pdw sNdnb ac-§fpw hÅn-¸S- À¸p-If - p-am-Wv. s]s«-¶mWv Fsâ {i²-bnÂs¸-«X - v. AhnsS \n¶v Ipsd A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ ]mdn hcp-¶p. Hcp ]msS®w F{Xtbm \mfp-If - mbn F¶n IuXpIw \nd¨ A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ...-Fsâ a\-Êp-WÀ¶p. Rm³ Ip«n-I-sf-sbÃmw hnfn¨v Hcp ]mSv DÕm-lt- ¯msS At§m«p t]mbn. Fsâ kt´m-j¯n-\X - n-cn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. ac-¯n ]SÀ¶ hÅn-IÄ \ndsb ]¨bpw DW§n-bX - p-amb Imb-IÄ. Rm³ {i²-tbmsS Hcp-W§ - nb Imb s]mfn¨p. Hcp-]mSv A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ H¶n\p aosX H¶mbn ASp-¡n-h¨ - c - n¡p-¶p. ]ns¶-bs - XÃmw Imän ]d-¯n-hn-Sm-\pÅ hy{K-Xb - m-bn-cp-¶p. Fsâ H¸-ap-m-bn-cp¶ Ip«n-Ifpw Hcp ]mSv kt´m-j-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp ]s£ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nse BZym-\p-`-h-amImw AXv. Ir{Xna-amb Xnc-¡p-I-fn hoWp t]mIp¶ Ah-cpsS HmÀ½-I-fn ]pgbpw Ipf-hpw, ]mS-hpw, a©m-Sn-¡p-cp-hpw, A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bp-sams¡ DmIptam? Hcp \nanjw a\-Ên AXm-bn-cp¶p Nn´. F´m-bmepw A¶v R§Ä¡p-Õh - a - m-bn-cp-¶p. DW-§nb Imb-IÄ \o \J-§-fm¡n. Ah-cpsS I®p-I-fn {]tXy-I-am-sbmcp Xnf¡w Rm³ Ip. {]Ir-Xn-bnse IuXp-I-§-fn Hs¶-¦nepw Adnª kt´mjw. \qdm-bncw A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ H¶n-¨p-bÀ¶p-s]m-§n..... Gsd Zqcw k©-cn-¨v, HSp-hn a®n hoWv, hopw XfnÀ¯v, C\nbpw Hcp ]mSv a\-Êp-If - n aªp s]¿n-¡m³... thcpI-Ä
28
a\p-{]-km-Zv. Sn. sk¡â v _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
bm{Xm-samgn C\n DZn-¡p-sa³ P·-§-f-n-se¶pw Hcp In\m-hn³ ssIXm-t§msS B \S¸m-Xb - n GI-\mbv \n¡th Adn-bp¶p Rms\³ P·-km-^eyw. \ng amª \S-¸m-X-bn Dan-bmbv Zln-¡p¶ Poh-\n kvac-W-IÄ XpSn-¡p-t¼mÄ _m¡n-bmbv Hc psN-dp-s\m-¼cw am{Xw. sXmSn-bnte ssXamhp ]q¡p-t¼mgpw Ac-bm-en³ sIm¼n-sem-cp-Infn ]mSp-t¼mgpw Hcp sNdp-Im-säs¶ Xtem-Sp-t¼mgpw Adn-bp¶p Rms\-¶m-ßm-hn³ tX§Â. a\w ab-¡p¶ aµkvanX-¯nepw kz]v\w ImWm³ ad-s¶m-co-an-gn-bnepw Hcp sNdp \nizm-k-¯nepw C\nsb³ bm{Xm-samgn
thcpI-Ä
29
ADVT - 1
thcpI-Ä
30
aebmf hn`mKw
Ihn-{X-b¯nsâ Imhy-{Xbw thZ-\b - p-tSbpw sshcq-]y-¯n-sâbpw ]m]-¯n-tâbpw \Sp-hn ¸Xn-¨n«pw Xnf§p¶ am\-hs- sN-X\ - y-s¯ {Im´ ZÀin-If- mb Ihn-IÄ Is-¯p-¶p. Ah-cXns\ A\-´k - u-µc- y-¯n-sâbpw imizX im´n-bp-sSbpw ]c-aI - m-jvTb - n-te-¡pbÀ¯p-¶p. B[p-\nI alm Ihn-{X-b¯ - n-sâbpw C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ krjvSn-ssh`-h¯ - nsâ a[pc ^e-§f- mWv aKvZe\a-dn-bhpw Icp-Wbpw ]nMvKfbpw. Cu IrXn-Ifnse-{]-[m-\-{]-tabw H¶p-X-s¶-bm-Wv. aq¶pt]cpw ]m]n-\nI-fm-Wv. kzbw sXäp a\-Ên-em¡n am\-knI ]cn-hÀ¯\w h¶ aq¶p \mbn-Ia - m-sc-¡p-dn¨v aq¶v t]cpw JWvUImhy-§s - f-gp-Xn. aKvZe - \ - a - d - nbw ca-Wo-b-Ihpw ]cn-a-f-hp-an-W-§nb ]\n-\o-c-e-cmWv; IcpW DÖz-e-amb tim`bpw DXv¡-S-amb Btam-Zhpw tafn-¡p¶ sN¼I ae-cm-Wv; ]nMvKf kpµ- c hpw kpL- S n- X hpw kpc- ` n- e - h p- a mb _lp- Z - e - § - t fm- S p- I q- S nb s]m¯m-ac - bpw F¶v {]i-kvX\ - mb kmlnXy \ncq-]I - ³ Cu Imhy§sf hne-bn-cn-¯n-bn-«p-v. thcpI-Ä
31
C\n Imhy-§-fpsS DÅn-te¡v t]mImw. CXn-hr¯w aq¶n-tebpw {]kn-²w- Xs¶. aKvZe - \ adn-b¯nse CXn-hr¯w ss__n-fn \n¶pw Icp- W - b n- t eXv Z tKmkv] Hm^v _p² F¶ _p²- a - X - { K- Ù - ¯ n \n¶pw FSp¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. alm-`m-cXw im´n-]Àh-¯n {]Xn-]m-Zn-¨n«pÅ ]nMv K - f sb A[n- I - c n¨v DÅqÀ ]nMvK-fbpw cNn¨ hÅt¯mfpw DÅqcpw \mbn-Ia - m-cpsS t]cp- X s¶ Imhy- § Ä¡p \ÂIn. Bim³ Imhy-]Ý - m-¯e- ¯ nse IcpW cks¯ DÄsImv Imhy-¯n\p IcpW F¶p t]cn-«p. hÅ-t¯mÄ, ss__n-fnse IYbn Zqc-hym-]-I-amb amäw hcp¯n-bn-«p-v. {InkvXp-hsâ amlmß- y - ¯ n\v AÂ]w t]mepw tIm«w X«- c p- s X¶v At±lw Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \mS-IobX apän \n¡p¶ Cu Im-hy¯n BZy-ambn cwK-s¯-¯n¡p-¶Xv {io tbip-hn-s\-bm-Wv. {iotamsâ taS- b n tbip {InkvXp Fgp\Ånbncp¶p B hmÀ¯bdnªv At±ls¯ ImWphm\pw Xsâ ]m]w GÁp]dbm\pambn thiy-bmb aKvZ-e-\-bnse adnbw sNÃp-¶p. AhÄ {io tb- i p- h nsâ Im¡ hoWv I®p\ocpsImv AXv IgpIn BßmÀ°- a mb ]mÝm- ¯ ew Ahsf ]m]-¯n \n¶pw Ic-Ib-än. kvt\l-kzcq]-\mb tbip Ahsf kam-iz-kn-¸n-¨p. þ
s]mbvs¡mÄI s]¬Iptª
ZpxJw shSnªp \o þ bpÄsIm hnizmkw Im¯p\ns¶., A¸-t¸mÄ ]mX-Iw sNbvXX - n--s\ms¡-bpþ an¸Ým-Xm-]ta {]mb-Ýn¯w
Icp-W-bnse C-Xn-hr¯w Zn
- nb IYm-bs - W¶v H¶p tKmkv] Hm^v _p² F¶{KÙ-¯n-eS- § IqSn ]d-b-s«. aqe-I-Y-bn Bim³ Nne amä-§Ä hcp-¯n-bn-«p-v. - a - mb Hcp \mSCu hyXn-bm-\§ - Ä IcpWm Im-hys¯ AXn-tam-l\ Iob Imhy-am-¡n-am-än. CXnse \mbn-Ib - mWv hmk-hZ- ¯ - . [\n-Ib - mh-W-sa¶ AXntamlw \nan¯w AhÄ hgn-hn« PohnXw \bn-¨p. thiy-bmb hmk--hZ- ¯ - ¡v _p²-in-jy-\mb D]-Kp-]vXt- \mSv A\pcmKw tXm¶n. hmk-hZ- ¯ Xsâ kJnsb ]d-ªp-hn«v D]-Kp-]vXs\ aWn- m-bnà F¶p ]dªv ta-S-bn-te¡v £Wn-¡p-¶p. F¶m ka-ba _p² `n£p B £Ww \nc-kn-¨p. Ah-fpsS {]Wbw amwk-fhpw t`mK-em-ek - h - p-amb cmKw X-s¶-bm-sW¶XpsImv Bim³ AXn§s\ BhnjvIcn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
angn¡ma[p-cm-Ir-Xnsb t\m¡n ckn--¡m-atÃm hmkh-Z¯ Xs¶ Xsâ hnIm-cs¯ hÀ®n-¨p-sImv tXmgn-tbmSv ]d--bp¶ `mKw {i²n¨p t\m¡mw.
hni-¸n\p hn`-h-§Ä shdp-t¸mf-am-in-¨mepw hninã t`mPy-§Ä Im¬In sImXn-bm-amÀ¡pw Hcp Xcw amwk-Zm-l-amWv B hnIm-cw. Hcp sIme-]m-XI Ipä-¯n\p in£n¨v Ic-Nc - W - m-ZnIÄ apdn¨v hmk-hZ- ¯ - sb ivai - m-\¯ - n-se-¯n¨ ka-b¯v D]-Kp-]vX³ Ahn-sS-sb¯n hmk-hZ- ¯ - t- bmSv ]d-bp¶ `mKw AXoh lrZ-bk - v]Ài-nbmW.v
tim`\ Ime-§-fn \o Kay-bm-bn-sÃ-\n¡p \n³þ ku`-K-¯n taml-amÀ¶ kplr-¯Ã Rm³ _p²sâ kmtcm-]t- Z-i§ - Ä tI«v kzbw am\-k] - c - n-hÀ¯\w h¶ AhÄ kam-[m-\t- ¯msS acn-¡p-¶p. ivaim-\¯ - n \n¶v t]mIp¶ D]-Kp-]vXt- \mSv temI \³a-¡mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Ihn D]-tZ-in-¡pIbpw sN¿p-¶p-v. ]nMvK-f-bn DÅqÀ aqe-I-Y-bn \n¶v henb hyXn-bm-\-§-sfm¶pw hcp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. thiy-bmb ]nMvKf - bpw kzbw am\-knI ]cn-hÀ¯\w h¶v \Ã--h-fm-bn. Hcp Znhkw Xsâ ASp-t¯¡v Imap-I³amÀ Bcpw hcm¯-Xp-sImv ]nMvKf - b - psS £a \in-¨p. AhÄ Nn´m-aá - b - mbn. ]nMvKf - b - psS a\Êv DÅqÀ Bhn-jvIc - n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv t\m¡q.
A³s]ms¶¶n--ÃtÃm lm! R§Ä¡m-cnepw A¼n³tae-¼ptm Imas\bvhq `n¯n-bn Xq¡n-bn-«n-cp¶ {iocm-asâ Nn{Xw s]s«¶v Xmsg hoWp. AhÄ C{Xbpw Imew B Nn{Xw {i-²n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu kw`hw Ahfn ]p-Xnb Nn´-I-fp-WÀ¯n. AtXmsS AhÄ im´-¯n-te¡v t]mbn-Xp-S§n. euInI kpJw \ncÀ°-I-am-sW¶v AhÄ Xncn-¨-dnªp. h¡ew [cn¨v k\ym-kn-\nbmbn amdn. XXz Nn´-Isf Iemku-µ-cy-t¯msS hnI-kn-¸n-¨-Xn-emWv Cu Imhy-¯nsâ `wKn .`mcXob kwkvIrXn Imhy-¯n-ep-S-\ofw \nd-sªm-gp-Ip-¶Xv ImWmw. Bim³ `mh-¯nsâ X¼pcp ao«n AXnsâ {ipXn-s¡m-¸n¨p ]mSpt¼mÄ hÅ-t¯mÄ kuµ-cy-¯nsâ apc-fn-bn-eqsS `mh-Km-\§ - Ä Be]n-¡p-¶p. DÅqÀ IhnX DtÃmJ ItÃm-en-X-amb Ae-¦m-c-§-fpsS Hcp DÖze {]ZÀi-\-im-e-bm-Wv. thcpI-Ä
32
kXojv. sI
ss^\Â _n.-tImw.
A`ua kuµcyw \n³ I-W-¦m ImWp-t¼mÄ Ia-e-Zfw t]mse Icn-apSn Imtem ImÀap-Inepw \n³ A[-c§ - Ä ]\n-\oÀ ]q t]mse \n³ \b-\§ - Ä \oe XSm-I§ - Ä \n¶psS NnÃntbm NpcnI t]mse {]ntb \n³ \mknI FÅn³ Ipkpaw \n¶psS Ihn-fp-IÄ Xn¦Ä t]mse \n³ s\än-¯Sw knµqc kÔy-t¸m AXntem chn t]mse sXmSp-Ip-dnbpw ]d-bpImbmWXn taml\w \n³ Nncn ]d-bp-hm-\-dn-bnà F\n¡p t]mepw ]ga-IÄ In\nbpw \n³ kuµ-cy-¯n ]Xn-aS§nsâ ]cn-`h - § - Ä Ipbn-ep-IÄ ]mSpw If-ar-Z-`m-jWw abn-ep-IÄ BSpw \S-\-ckw
]dbq Hma-t\, ]cn-`hw amdntbm ]S-bWn DS-hmÄ FSp-¯pthm \o {]`hckw \n³ apJ-`m-h-§Ä {]W-b-ckw \n³ {]I-S-\-§Ä hniz IÀ½m-hn-\m XoÀ¯p \n³ cq]w hniz-[m-Xm-hn³ CÑ t]mse ap\n-IÄ sNmÃpw {]W-b-§Ä t]m AXn-arZw temew \n\-Sn-IÄ inh-KwK t]mse \n³ I®q-\ocpw AXn-\m F³ ]m]w ]pWy-ambn Hcp Ipªp ]q t]mse \n¶psS hZ\w AXntem \ndªp ]p©n-cnbpw ]d-bp-hm-\m-hnà \n³ kuµcyw ]d-bp-hm-t\sd DÅ-Xn-\mÂ...
thcpI-Ä
33
jnâp tPm¬ sk¡â v _n.F. Cw¥ojv
hml- \ - § sf B{i- b n- ¡ m- s XbpÅ bm{X-bpw, ip²-amb A´co-£-hpw, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS lcn-Xm`-bpw, hnfªp InS-¡p¶ ]mS§fpw, ac-§Ä \ndª hgn-If - pw, A®m- d- ¡- ®p- \pw, tX³amhpw Im«- c p- h n- I fpw C¶v Ft§m t]mbv ad- ª n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ p. AhbpsS Øm\-sa-Ãm-an¶v Sn.-hn.bpw, I¼yq-«d- pw, CâÀs\äpw ]Sp-Iq-ä³ _nÂUnw-Kp-Ifpw I¿-S¡ - n-bn--cn-¡p¶p. F´n- t \sd \mw Nn´- ¡ p- ¶ p. C¶v IpS- n ¡p- h m³ ip²- P ew In«m- \ n- à . hnim- e - a mb Hcp PohnXw kz]v\w ImWm³ BÀ¡pw Ignbp¶nÃ. CSp-§nb Hcp temIw. Iq«p-Ip-Spw-_-¯n \ns¶Ãmw amdn AWp-Ip-Spw-_ambn {Kmam-´c - o-£¯ - n \n¶v \K-c-¯n-te¡v IpSn-tb-dn. Im \S-bmbn kvIqfn t]mbn-cp-¶hÀ C¶v kz´w hml-\-§-fnem¡n. X§-fpsS bm{Xm-`£ - Ww Ign-¡p-¶X - p-t]mepw hnim-ea - mb tlm«-ep-If - nÂ. aäp-Åh -- t- cmSv hnhc-§Ä ]¦p shbv¡m-\mbn HcmfpsS I¿n Xs¶ cv samss_ t^m¬. AXo-hZ- b - \o-b-amWv C-¶s¯ bph-X-e-ap-dbpsS Imcyw.
C¶s¯
Ip«n-I-fmWv \msfbpsS ]uc³amÀ. \msf-bpsS hmKvZm-\§-fm-W-hÀ. hcpw Ime-§-fn \½psS cmPys¯ \bn-t¡--hÀ, \mSn\mbv hnhn[ IÀ½ aÞ-e-§-fn tkh\w sNt¿--hÀ. ]s£, F´p sN¿pw? C¶s¯ bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS t]m¡v ImWp-t¼mÄ Bcpw ZpxJn¡pw. Xnc¡v \ndª Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn Ch-sc-¡p-dn¨ HmÀ¡m³ Bcpan-Ã. F´m-Wn-hÀ¡v kw`-hn-s¨-sX-¶m-temNn¡pt¼mÄ D¯cw In«pI hfsc Ffp-¸-am-Wv. Hä-hm-¡n ]d-ªm Npcp-§nb temIw A{X Xs¶. ]sms¡ Bfp-IÄ sNbvXp-sIm-n-cp¶ Imcy-§Ä t]mepw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv¡v A\y-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]c-kv]cw klm-bn¨pw kl-I-cn-¨papÅ PohnXw Iq«wIq«-am-bpÅ bm{X-IÄ, Ifn-IÄ, aäv hnt\m-tZm-]m[n-IÄ Ah-bpsS t]cpt]mepw ]pXnb Xe-apd tI«n-«p-m-hn-Ã. thcpI-Ä
34
C¶v \S-¡p¶ hml\ A]-IS- §-fn acWw kw`-hn-¡p-¶-h-cnte- s dbpw bphm- ¡ - f m- W v. ss_¡n- e pÅ Nodn- ] mª t]m¡v ImWp-t¼mÄ Xs¶ \ap¡-dnbmw \½psS bphm-¡-fpsS Ah- Ø . aq¶pw \mepw t]À H¶n¨v AXn-`-b-¦-c-am-bn-th-K-Xbn hml-\-tam-Sn¨p t]mIp-¶XmWv Ct¸m- g s¯ ^mj³. I¿n Hcp samss_ t^mWpw ImWpw. KXm- K X kwhn- [ m- \ sams¡ C{Xbpw hnI- k n¨ Ime¯pw kz´-am-sbmcp hml\-sa-¶-XmWv GsXmcp bphm-hnsâbpw kz]v\w. ]Ww AhÀ¡v Hcp XS-Êta AÃm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
aäp- Å- h - t cmSv hnh- c - § Ä ]¦p shbv¡m-\mbn Hcm-fpsS I¿n Xs¶ cv samss_ t^m¬. AXo-hZ- b - \ - o-ba- mWv C-¶s¯ bphX-e-ap-d-bpsS Imcyw. F´n\pw GXn\pw Ah- c psS I¿n-te¡v ]W-sam-gp-In-sb¯p¶p. aZy]m\- s a¶ alm- h n- ] ¯v C¶s¯ Xe- a p- d sb ImÀ¶p Xn¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. F§s\- s bÃmw t_m[- h ¡- c Ww \S-¡p-¶pthm AXn-s\-sbÃmw Imän ]d¯n C¶s¯ bph-Xe-apd aZy-¯nsâ Dä tXmg-cm-bnXoÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶p. ]pI-he - n¨pw aZy-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨pw AhÀ X§-fpsS kpµc-amb PohnXw ]mgm-¡p-¶p. Pohn- X - ¯ nse Gähpw \à ImeL«-¯n aZy-¯nsâ cpNnb- d nªv Pohn- ¡ p¶ C¶s¯ bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS bm{X AXoh t¢iw \nd- ª - X m- b n- c n- ¡ pw. Npn ]pI-bp¶ hkvXp-hn-sæn X§Ä¡v Ft´m Ipd-hp-ÅXm-bmWv AhÀ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶X - v. FÃm bph-X-e-ap-d-bpsS hnI-eamb Nn´-IÄ am{Xw bphm-¡fn kw`-hn-¡p¶ A]-IS ac-W¯n-tebpw aZy-]m-\h - p-ambn _Ô-
s¸-«X - m-Wv. ab-¡p-ac - p-¶nsâ D]-tbm--Ka - n¶v Xg¨p hfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. \½psS bphX-ea - p-ds - b-bmWv C¶nXv ssIamäw sN¿m-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶X - v. Cu hnt[-s\bpw ]nSn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ F{Xtbm bphm-¡n-fn¶pv. ab-¡pa-cp¶v Ip¯n-sh-bv¡m-\mbn Hsc kqNn-bmWv ]e-t¸mgpw D]-tbm-Kn¡p-¶X - v. CXv FbvUvkv t]mepÅ amcI tcmK-§f - psS ]IÀ¨bv¡v Imc-Wa - m-Ip-¶p. h³InSn \K-c§ - f - nse bphm-¡f - psS amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä hntZ-i¯v _Ôp-P-\-§Ä , kz´w \m«n Bcpw \nb-{´n-¡m-\n-Ã. tPmen-bn-eqsS In«p¶ ]Whpw hntZ-i¯v \n¶pÅ ]Whpw D]-tbmKn¨p XoÀ¡m³ AhÀ Is-¯p¶ amÀ¤-§f - mWv aZyhpw ab-¡p-acp-¶pw. aäv A\m-imky {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpw. ]Ww Nne-h-gn-¡m-\mbn AhÀ Is-¯p¶ amÀ¤w hfsc hnI-ea - m-bXp X-s¶. Cu hI kmlN-cy-§f - n s]«v ]nSn-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ F{Xtbm bphXo bphm-¡s - f-bmWv \½psS Zn\-]{- X-§f - n-eqsS ImWm³ Ign-bp-¶X - v. kn\nabn ImWp-¶s - X´pw AXp AXp-t]mse {]mhÀ¯n-Ia - m-¡p¶ _p²n-iq-\y-cmWv \½psS bph-P-\-§Ä. CâÀs\-än-sâ-bpw, I¼yq-«-dnsâ-bpw. Sn.-hn.-bp-sSbpw ap¼n AhÀ X§-fpsS hne-tb-dnb kabw A\m-h-iy-ambn Nne-hn-Sp-¶p. A{I-a-¯n\pw A\o-Xn¡pw Iq«p \n¶v hfÀ¶p hcp¶ bph-X-e-apd. \·-bp-sS-Xmb Hcwiw Ah-cn Is¯m-\m-hp-¶n-Ã. hcpw Zn-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-t¨m, X§-fpsS `mhn-sb-¡p-dnt¨m Nn´-bn-Ãm-¯hÀ, F´pw ssI¡-em-¡m-\p-Å B{Klw am{X-ap-Å-hÀ, BZyw {]hÀ¯\w ]ns¶ Nn´n-¡Â F\v\ XXzw kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶h - À, A\p-I-c-W-{`-a-¯n-\-Sn-s¸-«-hÀ, Pohn-X-¯nsâ hne-tb-dnb \nan-j-¯¡p-dn¨v Nn´-bn-Ãm-¯h - À. Ch-sc-bà - m-amWv \ap-¡n¶v ZÀin-¡m³ Ignbp-¶-Xv.
AXoh ZpxJ-I-c-amb Cu t]m¡n \n¶v bph-X-e-ap-dsb c£n-¡m³ Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw C¶s¯ kaq-l¯ - nse \à hyànXzap-Åh - À¡p am{Xsa km[n-¡q. Cu ØnXn-bn \n¶v bph-P\ - § - Ä¡v Hcp tamN-\-ap-m-Ip-hm³ \ap¡v Bin-¡mw. {]mÀ°n-¡mw. Pzen¡p¶ bphXzw Pbn-¡p¶ P\m-[n-]Xyw sa¶m-WtÃm ]d-bm-dv. B Aibw \S-¸n hcp-¯m³ FÃm bph-P\ - § - Ä-¡p-am-Is« AÔ-Imcw \ndª Cu temI-¯n {]Im-i¯ - nsâ s]m³In-cW - § - f - mbn {]tim`n-¡p-hm³ Hmtcm bph-{]-Xn-`bv¡pw km[n-¡-s«. thcpI-Ä
35
A\p-{io. ]n. Ist B.Com. A
GtXm Aim-´amw \nio-Yn-\n-bn Rmt\mÀ¯m kpµ-camw hZ\w GtXm Hcm-ß-_Ôw t]m Rm³ Im _mes\ F³ a\w s\m´p-t]mbv F³ angn \nd-ªp-t]mbv ssZhta F´n\p \ÂIo B Poh³ thZn-\n-¡p-hm-\mbv Rmt\mÀ¡p¶p Ahsâ s\m¼cw, Rm\-dn--bp¶p B hni-¸n³ s\m¼cw sImSp-¸m-s\m-¶p-an-só Ic-§-fn F¦nepw kvt\l-¯m XtemSn Rm\-hs\ B \nanjw Ip Rm³ t\Às¯mcp ]p©ncn am\¯p sXfn-bp¶ ]qÀ® N{µ-s\-t]m kvt\l-¯n³ Dd-hnSw tXSn-bh - ³ Ft§m Ae-bp¶p Cu `qap-J¯v thZ\ \ndbpw _me-IÀ¡mbv kvt\lw sImSp-¸m³ Bcpp ]mcnÂ
thZ-\n-¡p¶ _meyw
ZpxJnX GIm-´amw F³ PohnX tXmWn-bn A¶p Rm³ Ismcp kvt\l [mc AI-emsX F³ a\-Ên \ndªp \n¶ Hcp ]q sX¶-embv B HmÀ½-IÄ F¶p hcpw F³ {]mWs\ \o \n¶n-ee - n-bm³ taml-ambv ....... Rm³ Ismcm \oen-ab - n F³ Poh Xmfamw \nt¶mÀa-IÄ Hcp kv]Àiw t]m \o hcp-t¼mÄ Hcnfw sX¶Â F³ Ihn-fn XtemSn F³ tXmgs\ \o AI¶p t]mtbm F³ HmÀa-IÄ iq\y-am-tbm.....
kpa-¿. Fw. ss^\Â _n.-F. C¡-tWm-anIvkv
thcpI-Ä
36
]¸bpw a½nbpw FÃmw F\n-s¡sâ ap¯Èn Bbn-cp-¶p. Fs¶ Xmtem-en-¡m\pw IY-IÄ ]dªp Xcm\pw B aSn-bn Xe-sh-¨p-d§m\pw Fsâ ap¯Èn F\n-s¡¶pw Iq«m-bn-cp-¶p. s]s«-¶mWv ]pds¯mcp iÐw.
en³kn A{_lmw Plus- One Commerce
ap¯Èn
Hcp ImÀ h¶p. ap¯Èn hmXn Xpd¶p AXm a½bpw ]¸-bpw. Rm³ ap¯-Èn-bpsS ssI¿n apdpIn ]nSn-¨p. Hcp ]pÑ-`m-h-¯n AhÀ ap¯-Ènsb t\m¡n-bn«v AI¯p Ibdn Fs¶-sb-Sp-¯p. B ssI he-b-¯n Ccp-¶t¸mÄ F\n¡v izmkw ap«p¶ {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wp-mb-Xv. F§-s\tbm Rm\-Xn \n¶v hnSp-hn¨v Xmsg-bn-d§n ap¯-ÈntbmSv ]än-t¨À¶p. a½n ]dªp tamsf \ns¶ sImp t]mIm\mWv Rm³ h¶-Xv. ]¸ B A`n-{]m-bs¯ A\p--Iq-en¨v ]d-ªp. Cu ]g-©³ PohnXw \n\¡v aSp-¯ntÃ?. Fsâ ap¯-Ènsb hn«v Rms\-t§m«pw hc-Wn-Ãym. ap¯-Ènsb H¶p-IqSn ]än-t¨À¶p sImv Rm³ ]d-ªp. ]dªp Xocp-¶-Xn\p apt¼ AhÀ ap¯-Ènsb amän \nÀ¯n Ft´m ]d-ªp. F¶n-«-hnsS \n¶pw Cd-§n-t¸m-bn. AhÀ
Hcp IY tIÄ¡m³ tXm¶p-¶p... Hcp Ipªnsâ IuXp- I - t ¯msS.... B aSn-bn Xe Nmbv¨v ................ B IY-bn ebn¨p tNcm³.... a½n- b p- s Sbpw ]¸- b p- s Sbpw kvt\lw F\n-s¡¶pw A\y-ambn-cp-¶p. GtXm hntZ-it- em-I¯v ]W-¯n\p thn s\t«m-«t- am-Sp¶-h-cn cp t]À am{X-am-bncp¶p AhÀ. AhÀ X½n ImWp-¶Xp Xs¶ A]qÀÆw. Cu Xnc- ¡ n Xsâ aI- s f- s bm¶v Xmtem- e n- ¡ p- h mt\m Ah- t fmsSm¯v Ipd¨v kabw sNe-hg - n¡p-hmt\m AhÀ kabw Is¯m-dn-Ã. Ft¸mgpw t^m¬ tImfp-I-fn am{Xw {i²n-¡p¶ ]¸. en]vÌn¡nâ Nmbw \nd¨ Npp-It- fmSv IqSnb a½n. Ch-sc-\n-s¡¶pw Hcp t]Sn kz]v\w am{X-am-bn-cp¶p.
B hn hr²- k - Z - \ - ¯ n \n¶v h¶Xm- s W- s ¶- \ n¡v a\- Ê n- e m- b n. Rmt\mSn hnbpsS Acn-In-se-¯n. s]s«¶v \o \J- § - f pÅ B ssIIÄ Fs¶ hf-ªp.
t]mbtÃm F¶m- i z- k n¨p sImv Rm³ ap¯- È nsb t\m¡n. At¸mÄ ap¯-Èn-bpsS apJ¯v Ft´m k¦Sw apän \n¶n-cp-¶p. Rm³ tNmZn-¨n-s«m¶pw ap¯Èn ]d-ªn-Ã. s]s«¶v Xs¶ apä¯p Hcp ImÀ h¶p \n¶p. ]pdsI Xs¶ a½nbpw ]¸bpw Fs´m-s¡tbm ]dªv ap¯-Ènsb AhÀ B hn-bn Ib-än. \nÊ-lmbX \ndª B t\m«w Fs¶ hÃmsX thZ-\n-¸n¨p. B hn hr²-k-Z-\-¯n \n¶v h¶Xm-sW-s¶-\n¡v a\-Ên-embn. Rmt\mSn hnbpsS Acn-In-se-¯n. s]s«¶v \o \J-§fpÅ B ssIIÄ Fs¶ hf-ªp. B hn AI-ep-¶Xpw t\m¡n Rm³ hmhn«p Ic-ªp.. ap¯-Èn....-ap-¯-Èn... ap¯-Èn-bpsS I®p-IÄ \ndªp, B Npp-IÄ hnXp-¼n. C\n F¶m-sW-\n¡v B aSn-bn Xe Nmbv¡m³ Ign-bpI? B IY tIÄ¡m³ km[n-¡pI? Hcp ]mh-t]mse Rm\n¶pw a½n-bp-sSbpw ]¸-bp-sSbpw IqsS Pohn¡p¶p. Fsâ ap¯-Èn-tbbpw Im¯v. thcpI-Ä
37
ADVT - 2
thcpI-Ä
38
hn]Wn tUm«v tImw! hn]Wn kPo-ha - mWv a\p-jysâ Nn´-IÄ¡pw kz]v\§ -- Ä¡pw aosX Icn-]n-Sn¨v Pohn-X-¯n\pw hnbÀ¸n\pw aosX hn]Wn kPo-ha - mWv k¨n³ sSp¡À hnä-gn-¡p¶ ]mZ-c£ - I - Ä¡pw Pqln-N-hvf-bpsS tIi kwhÀ[I hkvXp-¡Ä¡pw a\pjy Ima-\-I-fpsS {]tXyI Ìmfn Xo ]nSn¨ hne-bmWv ]pcm-W-¯nse l\p-am\pw Ncn-{X-I-Y-bnse AIv_dpw Nm\-ep-I-fn bp²w sN¿p-¶Xv tkm¸n\pw t^kv{Io-an\pw thn-bmWv {]Wb sshd-kp-IÄ IS¶ bph a\-Êp-I-fn \n¶pw t\cnsâ tiJcw ambv¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ Chn-sS..... s^an-\nkw ^mj-\mWv kvt\lw Nmäv dqap-I-fn-emWv kz]v\w Hcp kt]m¬tkÀUv t{]m{Km-amWv PohnXw Hcp ]´-b-am-Wv. XIÀ¡-s¸« {]Xyb imkv{X-§Ä¡-¸pdw Nn´bpsS Hml-cn-IÄ Ipdª hne-¡mWv hnä-gn-bp-¶Xv Ncn-{X-¯nsâ CS-\m-gn-I-I-fn sImtfm-Wn-benkw ]pe-¼p-¶-hÀ tkÀ¨v sN¿pI hn]Wn tUm«v tImw...
jmln-\. kn Ist B.A. History
thcpI-Ä
39
IqSnImgvN
amKkn³ kanXn
ae-bmf lmky-¯n\v ]p¯³ `mh-§Ä \ÂIn Pb-cmPv hmcyÀ ae--bmf lmkym-hX - c- W - ¯ - n Xtâ-Xmb hyàn-ap{Z ]Xn-¸n¨bmfmWv {io Pb-cm-Ph v m-cyÀ. Imcn-t¡-¨À F¶- Iem-cq-]¯ - n-eqsS kaq-l¯ - nse Xn³a-IÄs¡-Xnsc t]mcm-Sp-¶ A-t±lw C¶v Iem-cw-K¯v sh«n-Xn-f§p¶ Hcp \£-{X-am-Wv. tIcfm \nb-a-k-`-bn BZy-ambn lmky-]cn-]mSn Ah-Xc-- n-¸n¨p F¶ _lp-aXn {io Pb-cmPv hmcyÀ¡v kz´w. Pb-cmPv hmcy-cp-ambn amK-kn³ kanXn \S-¯nb A`n-ap-J-¯n-te¡v.
(1) {io Pb-cmPv hmcyÀ, Imcn-t¡¨À cwK-t¯-¡pÅ A§bpsS {]th-i\ - s¯¡pdn¨v ? l Ata¨zÀ
\mS- I - c w- K ¯p \n¶mWv Imcn-t¡-¨-dn-tebv¡v hcp- ¶ - X v. F«p- h Àj- ¡ mew \mSI{]hÀ¯\w \S¯n an-¡hmdpw FÃm {Sq¸pIfpw ]ncn-ªpt]m-Ip¶ kz`m-hw ImWn¡p-¶p. am{X-aà Hä-bv¡v \n¶v {]Xn` sXfn-bn-¡m-\pÅ thZn At\z-
jn¨v \S-¡p-I-bm-bn-cn-¶p. Hcp Nn{X-Im-cs\ t]mse, Hcp inÂ]n-sbt]mse Hä¡v \½psS {]Xn` sXfn- b n- ¡ p- I . CXv Hcp- ] t£ {Kq¸nÂ\n¶m CXn\v ]änsb¶v hcn-Ã. C§-s\-bpÅ Nn´-bp-sS ^eambn«mWv 1990-I-fn Imcnt¡¨À XpS-§p-¶Xv. Ct¸mÄ 17hÀjam-bn. (2) F§n-s\-bmWv Hcp Imcn-t¡-¨À cq]-s¸-Sp-¶Xv? CXn\p-thn Fs´-¦nepw X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-¯m-dptm? Hcn-¡-ep-anÃ, ]ecpw CXn-s\--¡p-dn¨v I®m-Sn-bn t\m¡n ]cn-ioe\w sNbvXpw -ho-Untbm Zriy-§-sf amXrI-bm-¡nbpw X¿m-sd-Sp¸v \S-¯p-¶p-sh¶v ]d-bp-¶p. Rm³ Hcp ap³I-cp-Xepw sN¿m-dn-Ã. Fsâ
l
thcpI-Ä
40
a\-Ên cq]-s¸Sp¶Xv Rm\§v Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡pw. hnP-bhpw ]cmPbhpw tÌPn sh¨p Xs¶.
ssien-bn {]Xn-^-en-¨p- Im-Wp-¶p-m-hpw. sNdp-¸w- apXte C¯cw Iemcq-]§ - Ä ImWm-\pÅ km²yX XrÈqÀ t]mepÅ kmwkvImcnI PnÃbn IqSp-X-emWv.
(3)- Im-cn--t¡-¨À F¶ Iem-cq-]¯n-te-¡v hcm³ Xm¦-fpsS amÀ¤ZÀÈn Bcm-bn-cp¶p? F´m-bncn¶p CXn-\pÅ {]tNm-Z\w?
(5) -k-aq-l-¯nse ]e D¶-X-tcbpw Xm¦Ä Xm¦-fpsS lmky-¯n\p IYm-]m-{X-am-¡n-bn-«p-v. Fs´-¦nepw Xnàm-\p-`-h-§Ä Dm-bn«ptm?
Imcn- t ¡- ¨ À F¶ Bibw Ftâ- X p- X - s ¶- b m- b n- c n- ¶ p- s h¦nepw CXn-\p-sÅmcp {]tNm-Z\w tImgn- t ¡m- « p- I m- c - \ mb Pb- { ]Imiv IpfqÀ Bbn-cnp¶p. ]ns¶ anan{In tIc-f-¯n Ipsdbmbn I- t ¸mÄ AXnÂ\n¶pw Fs´- ¦ nepw hyXy- k v X - a mbn sN¿pI F¶-Xnsâ ^e-amWv
l
H¶p-ap-m-bn-«nÃ, a\-Ên\p hnIm-ka - n-Ãm-¯h - À¡mWv CsXmcp Ifnbm-¡-em-bn«p tXm¶p-¶-Xv. C¶p-cm-jv{Sob Iem-cw-K-¯p-Å-h-scÃmw henb a\-Êp-IÄ¡p-Sa - I - f - m-Wv. ]ns¶ Rm³ Fs¶Xs¶ ]cn-lkn-¨n-«mWv ]cn-]mSn XpS-§p-I. Hcn-¡epw hnaÀi\w sImv Hcp cmjv{So-b- ]mÀ«n¡pw thm«v -Ip-d-ªn-«n-Ã, Hcp Ne-¨n{X Xmc-¯n\pw kn\n-a-bpw Ipd-ªn-«nÃ.
l
(6) C¶s¯ cmjv{Sob Bt£-]-lmkyw AXncpIS-¡p-¶-Xmbn Xm¦Ä¡v A`n-{]m-ba - ptm?
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-cpsS kmwkv I m- c nI \ne- h m- c s¯ B{i-bn-¨n-cn¡pw ]cn-]mSn AhX- c n- ¸ n- ¡ p- ¶ Xn\p]n¶nse iàn .\n-eh - m-ca- pÅ Iem-cq-]§fpw Iem-Im-c³amcpw F¶pw Ncn-{X-¯nâ `mK-am-bn-cn-¡pw, AÃm-¯h - X - Ånt]mIpw. Imcn-t¡-¨À Xnc-sª-Sp-¯Xv. (4)- N m- I ymÀIq- ¯ nsâ ssien Xm¦-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-¯n hfsc-b[ - nIw {]Xn-^e - n¨p ImWp-¶psh¶v NneÀ A`n-{]m-bs - ]-Sp-¶p. CXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v? Rm³ NmIymÀIq¯v imkv{Xob- a mbn ]Sn- ¨ n- « n- s Ã- ¦ nepw Hm«³Xp- Å Â hfsc imkv{Xobambn ]Tn-¨b - m-fm-Wv. ]ns¶ NmIymÀIq¯v Iq¯-¼e - §- f nepw, hS- ¡ p- \ m- Y - t £- { X¯nepw Iv hfÀ¶ BfmbXp sImvkzm-`m-hn-Ia - mbpw AXsâ
l
l Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-cpsS kmwkvIm-cnI \ne-hm-cs¯ B{i-bn-¨ncn¡pw ]cn-]mSn Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-¶Xn\p]n¶nse iàn .\n-eh - m-ca - pÅ Iem-cq-]-§fpw Iem-Im-c³amcpw F¶pw Ncn-{X-¯nâ `mK-am-bn-cn¡pw, AÃm-¯-h -XÅnt]mIpw.
(7) hntZ-i- tÌ-Pvtjm-If - n Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gmtWm AtXm tIcf-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gmtWm IqSp-X t{]mÕm-l\w In«p¶Xv? l tIc-f¯ - n DÅ AtX ImWn-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv KÄ^n-epw DÅXv. KÄ^v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-Ênsâ ]Ip-Xn tIcf-¯n Xs¶-bm-Wv. ]ns¶ IqSp-X t{]mÕm-l-\w- KÄ^nÂ\n¶pw In«p-¶Xv Zriy-am[y-a-§-fn hcp-¶-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. ChnsS DÕ-h-]-d-¼n-tem, tImtfPntem Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ {]Nmcw KÄ^v \m«n-epv.
(8) Hcp Iem-Im-c\ - p-m-bn-cn-t¡ Gähpw henb ta³a F´mWv? thcpI-Ä
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]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ kn²n-bp--mI- W w. Fsâ ImgvN- ] m- S n Gähpw AXym-hi - y-ambn thXv `mh-\-bm-Wv-F-¶mWv hnizm-kw. ]eXpw k¦Â]n- ¡ m³ Ign- b Ww. AXpt]mse hmb- \ mioew,kw- K o- X - t _m[w F¶nhbpw ]pdw temI-s¯-Ip-dn¨v hyà- a mb [mc- W - b p- m- b n- c n¡Ww. l
(9)- kn\n-am--temI-hp-ambn A§bpsS _Ôw ? Rm³ cp-aq¶p kn\n-a-I-fn A`n-\-bn-¨n-«p-v. ]ns¶ -kz-´-
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c-amWv. \mSIw \Ssâ anIhp sImmWv \ne-\n¡p-¶X - v, tÌPn AhX-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ ^ewIn«pw AhnsS dotS-¡p-IÄ¡v Øm\-an-Ã. (11) C¶s¯ ae-bm-f-kn-\n-abv¡v kw`-hn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ aqeyNy-Xnbv¡v Imc-W-sa-´m-sW-¶mWv Xm¦Ä Icp-Xp-¶Xv? -kn-\na Hcp _lp-P-\- am-[y-a-amWv. AXp-sIm-pXs¶ P-\-§sf BIÀjn-¡m³ thn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ kn\n-a-I-fmWv ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. ASq-cn-tâ-tbm, Sn.hn N{µ-sâtbm kn\n-aI - f - n AhÀ¡p ]dbm\pÅ Imc-y-§-fmWv AhÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. P\--§Ä¡v thn {]Xn-`bn shÅw tNÀ¡p-t¼m-gmWv kn-\n-a-I-fpsS \ne-hmcw Xmgp-¶-Xv. Iem-Im-c³ apt¼ HmSp-Ibpw P\-§Ä Iem-Im-c\p ]n¼n-ep-amWv th-Xv.
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(12) C¶s¯ dnbm-enän tjmI-fpsS AXn-{]-k-c-Ws¯ Ipdn¨v?
Iem-aq-ey-apÅ kn\n-aI - Ä C¶v aebm- f - ¯ n Cd- § p- ¶ nÃ. Fs¶ BIÀjn-¡m³ ]p¯³ kn\n-aIÄ¡v Ign- b p- ¶ n- à . kmln- X y¯n \n¶pw -In-«p¶ Bkzm-Z-\¯nsâ ]IpXn t]mepw C¶s¯kn\naIÄ ImWm³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. ]pXnb kn\n-am-Km-\-§fpw aSp-¸pf-hm-¡p¶h Xs¶-bm-Wv. C¶s¯ kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-IÀ¡v AhcpsS Ign-hp-IÄ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯m³ Ah-kcw In«p-¶n-Ã. ambn Hcp sXmgn DÅXv sImv asämcp sXmgn tXSn t]mbn-Ã. kn\n-ab - n A`n-\b - n-¨mte IemIm- c - \ mhq Fs¶m- c p- ØnXn ]m-bn-cn-¶p. Ct¸mÄ [mcmfw Zriyam-[y-a-§fpw Ah-k-c-§-fpap- v. C¶p XpS- ¡ - I m- À ¡p t]mepw hfsc {]i-kvXc - m-hm³ Ah-k-c-ap-v, thZn-I-fpap.v (10) Hcp \S-s\-¶- \n-e-bn \mSI- t a- J - e- t bbpw kn\n- a m- c w- K t¯bpw H¶p \ncq-]n-¡mtam? tÌPn A`n- \ - b n- ¡ p¶hÀ¡mWv IqSp- X  Ignhp thXv kn\n-ab - n A`n-\b - n-¡p¶Xv asäm-cm-fpsS \nÀt±i {]Iml
dnbm-enän tjmIÄ Nm\-ep-IÄ¡v ]Ww hmcm-\pÅ Hcp X{´-amWv. dnbm-enän tjmI-fn-eqsS Hcn-¡epw Hcp {]Xn` Dm-Ip-sa¶v Rm³ Icp-Xp-¶n-Ã. BZys¯ super star Ifmb ]m«p-Imcnt¸mÄ FhnsS? At¸mÄ dnbm-enän tjmIÄ F¶p-]-d-ªm DÅ-Im-e¯v AhÀ \ne-\n¡p-Ibpw ]ns¶ thsd Bfp-IÄ hcpw. Ime-§-tfmfw \ne\n¡p¶ Hcp {]Xn-`sb dnbm-enän tjmI-fn \n¶pw \ap¡v e`n¡n-Ã.
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(13) C¶v ae-bm-fnbv¡p kw`-hn-¨p- sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ Gähpw henb Zpc´w F´m-sW-¶mWv Xm¦Ä¡p tXm¶p-¶Xv? ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS Gähpw henb Zpc´w Irjn Dt]-£n-¨-XmWv. \½Ä shdp-samcp consumer state Bbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¶v tIcf-¯n Pohn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv ]e `mKyhpw \ap¡v \jvS-s]-Sp-¶pv. henb ^mIvä-dn-bnà _nkn-\Êv Øm]-\§fpw hcp-¶n-Ã. F¶m CsXm¶pw sImp-h-cm³ Bcpw {ian-¡p¶panÃ. cmjv{Sob-¯nsâ AXn-{]-k-cw- aq-e-am-Wn-Xv. l
thcpI-Ä
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(14) hyXyØ Xc-¯n-epÅ kZÊns\ apgp-h³ ka-bhpw ]nSn-¨ncn-¯p¶ Xm¦-fpsS a\x-imkv{X coXn-sb-¡p-dn¨v? AXv ssZh-Z¯ - a - mWv. AXn\v {]tXyI a\-im-kv{X-sam-¶p-anÃ. \½Ä ]d- b p¶ Imcy- § - f ntebv ¡ v P\- § sf ]nSn- ¨ n- c p¯p¶ Xc-¯n-emWv ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Nn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. l
(15) ae-bm-f¯ - nse ]p¯³ kn\na-It- f-bpw, Km\-§t- fbpw Xm¦Ä F§s\ hne-bn-cp-¯p¶p?
l C¶-s¯- lmkyw an¡-hmdpw hänb Ah-Ø-bm-Wv.-C-t¸m-gs¯ lmky-¯nsâ \ne-hmcw hfsc timN-\o-ba - mWv. C¶p ae-bm-f¯ - nse Gähpw anI¨ lmky-Xm-c-amb PK-Xn-{io-Ip-am-dn\p t]mepw kn\n-aIÄ ske-Iväo-hmbn FSp-¡m-¯Xp aqew {]`mhw a§n-s¡m-n-cn¡p-Ib - m-Wv. A±-l¯ - nsâ lmkyw t]mepw ]s¯ \ne-hm-ct- ¯s¡-¯p-¶n-Ã.
(17) C¶s¯ Iymw]kpw A§-bpsS Imes¯ Iymw]kpw X½nepÅ amäw H¶p-hn-e-bn-cp-¯mtam? l-
Rm³ F¬]-Xp-If - psS Iym]wkv {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. A¶v Iem-eb-§Ä Ihn-X-IÄ sImpw,-I-em-{]-hÀ¯\w sImpw kPo-h-am-bncp-¶p. C¶s¯ Iymw]-knsâ \ndw Fhn-sS-sbm-s¡tbm tNmÀ¶p t]mhp-¶p. Iym]-Êp-I-fn-te¡v hopw PmXo-bX Xncn-¨p-h-cp-¶p. (18) Iymw]Êv cmjv{So-bs¯ Ipdn¨v? tImtf-Pv cm-jv{Sobw tami-am-sW-¶pÅ A`n-{]m-b-an-Ã. ImcWw ]mT-]p-Ø-I-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ Imcy-§-fn CS-s]-Sm³ Iymw]kv cmjv{Sobw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. hncp² Bi-b-§Ä X½n-epÅ kwL«\w hyàn-I-fn-te¡v hgn-am-dp-t¼m-gmWv Zpc-´-¯n\p Im-c-W-am-Ip¶-Xv.
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Rm³ F¬]- X p- I - f psS Iym]wkv {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. A¶v Iem- e - b - § Ä Ihn- X - I Ä sImpw,- I - e m- { ]- h À¯\w sImpw kPo- h - a m- b n- c p- ¶ p. C¶s¯ Iymw]-knsâ \ndw Fhn-sS-sbm-s¡tbm tNmÀ¶p t]mhp-¶p. Iym]-Êp-I-fn-te¡v hopw PmXo-bX Xncn-¨p-h-cp¶p. l Iem-aq-ey-apÅ kn\n-aI - Ä C¶v ae- b m- f - ¯ n Cd- § p- ¶ nÃ. Fs¶ BIÀjn-¡m³ ]p¯³ kn\n-aI - Ä¡v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. kmlnXy-¯n \n¶pw -In-«p¶ BkzmZ- \ - ¯ nsâ ]IpXn t]mepw C¶s¯- kn\naIÄ ImWm³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. ]pXnb kn\n-am-Km-\§fpw aSp-¸p-f-hm-¡p¶h Xs¶bm-Wv. C¶s¯ kwKoX kwhn[m-bI - À¡v Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ah-kcw In«p-¶n-Ã.
(19)- P o- h n- X s¯ GXp coXn- b n t\m¡n- I m- W p¶ X¯z- N n´btbmSmWv XmÂ]cyw? l Pohn-Xs¯ hfsc eLp-hmbn t\m¡n-Im-W-Ww. Bßo-b-X-bpsSbpw `uXn-I-X-bp-tSbpw CSbv¡v Xs¶-bmWv PohnXw thXv. ]cn-]qÀW-amb Bßo-b-hm-Znbpw, ]cn-]qÀW `uXn-I-hm-Xnbpw ]cmP-bs - ¸-Spw.-]t- £- F-t¸mgpw apI-fn \n¡p-¶Xv imkv{Xw Xs¶bm-Wv. AXnsâ t\«§fmWv \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXv a\p-jy³ ad-¡p¶p. `mKym-t\y-j-jn-I-fm-bXp sImmWv \½Ä IqSp-X Bßo-bX - b - psS ]ndsI t]mIp-¶Xv
(20) bph-X-e-ap-dbv¡v A§bv¡v \ÂIm-\pÅ ktµiw? l b ph- X - e - a p- d Ah- c psS hgn- b n Nn´n- ¡ - s «. Ahɐ¡v icn- s b¶p tXm¶p¶Xv Ahɐ sN¿s«. hn-ZymɐYn-IÄ \S-t¡-Xv Bß-hn-izm-k¯ - nsâ ]mX-bn-em-h-Ww. sN¿p¶ tPmen-IÄ XmÂ]cyt¯msS sNbvXm PohnXs¯ kpµ-ca- m-¡mw.
(16)- \n-e-hn-epÅ kn\n-a-I-fnse lmkys¯ Xm¦Ä F§s\ ho£n-¡p¶p? thcpI-Ä
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hoW sk¡â v _n.F. Cw¥ojv
BZym-£-c-§Ä C¶v, Cu hnPbZian \mfn F³ Acpa aIÄ X³ Ipªnss¡ ]nSn-¨c - n-bnþ segp-Xn-b-¡th HmÀ¯p Rm\pw, ssIhn-ce - n ]nSn-s¨--¶Ñ - ³ \ne-s¯-gp-Xn¨, Fs¶-¡c - b - n-¨, Nn{X-ka - m-\a - mbvþ Rm³ ]Tn-s¨-Sp-¯m-Zym-£-c-§sf C¶p Rmt\mÀ¡p¶p. F³ lr¯-S-¯n-en¶pw ine-t]m-ep-d-ªnSpw, IS-emkp No´n-te-¡n¶p {]fbw t]m \nÀK-fn-¡pam AÀ°-h-¯mb A£-c-¡q-«-§sf. ap¸Xp hÀj§Ä¡-¸p-d-sa-¶-½Fs¶ ]Tn-¸n¨ BZym-£c - § - sf, C¶p-sa-¶-cp-abv¡p ]IÀ¶p \ÂIo-Sp-t¼mÄ Ipª-\p-dp¼p t]mse³ a\-Ên-te-s¡-¯nb BZym-£-c-§Ä¡p \µn-tb-Ip¶p Rm³! Hcp sh¬ ]pe-cn-bn AÑ-t\m-sSm¯p Rm³ hnZym-e-b-¯n³ ]Sn-I-bdn Ahn-sS-s¶-¡m-¯n-cp-¶-£-c¡ -- q-«s¯, Hcp sNdp ]p©n-c-tbm-sS³ s\©n-teän HSp-hn hnZym-e-b-¸-Sn-I-fn-d-§p-t¼mÄ A£-c¡ - q-«s - a³ an{X-§f - mb!v C¶p Rm\-dn-bp-¶p, A£cw am{X-sa³ A´-cm-ßm-hn {]nb kplr¯v thcpI-Ä
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lrZ--b-_-Ô-§-fpsS sNdnb \qen-g-IÄt]mepw \ã-s¸« Cu bpK-¯n a®n \n¶pw thcn-te-¡pw thcn \n¶pw ac-¯n-te-¡p-apÅ Cg-I-fpsS sI«p-d-¸nsâ ImTn\yw CÃm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \o ImWp-I, DÄh-en-ªp I¯p¶ ]Sp-Xn-cn-sb-t]m-epÅ thcnsâ t\cnte¡v Cd-§n-sN-Ãp-I.
thcpI-Ä
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thcpI-Ä
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apl-½Zv Akvew.- Fw. sk¡â v _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bpsS bm{Xm-Ip-dn-¸p-IÄ Nn§w H¶nse kp{]-`m-X¯ - n kqcy-In-c-W-§-fpsS Xgp-I-teäv Xsâ I¬t]m-fI - Ä ]mXn-ab - ¡ - ¯n \n¶pw Db-cp-t¼mÄ ]qf-ac-¯nse sIm¨p A¸q-¸³ XmSn Hcm-bncw kz]v\§ - Ä s\¿p-Ib - mbn- c p- ¶ p. Ignª cm{Xn- b nse kpJ \n{Z-bn Xm³ I B at\m- l - c - a mb kz]v \ - ¯ nsâ km£m- X v I m- c - ¯ n- \ mbv F´p hne \ÂIm\pw B Cfw a\Êv X¿m-dm-bn-cp-¶p. sXm«-b-es¯ NnÃ- b n Ae- k - a mbn InS- ¶ ncp¶ Nn{X- i - e - ` - t ¯mSv Xsâ kz]v \ - s ¯- I p- d n¨v hnh- c n- ¡ pt¼mÄ A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bpsS apJw kt´mjw sImpw, kqcysâ s]m³In-c-W-§Ä-sImpw tim`n--¨n-cp-¶p. sNdnb Hcpc-Y¯ - n-
IÀjI IpSn-ep-I-fpsS D¯-c-§Ä ]eXpw Bß-l-Xy-¡pÅ D]-I-c-W§-fm-bn-cn-¡p-Ib - pw,-AtX D¯-c¯ - n  Xs¶ sI«n-bn-cn-¡p¶ sXm«n-en \n¶v ]nt©m-a-\-IÄ `£-W-¯n\mbv BÀ¯-e¨p Ic-bp-¶Xpw B bm{X-nI-cpsS a\Êv hnd-§e - n-¸n¨p.
tedn Cu at\m-l-c-amb temIw Npän-¡-d-§p¶ hnh-c-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨v tI«-t¸mÄ Akqb DÅn Dm-sb-¦nepw AXp ]pd-t¯¡v ImWn¡msX Hcp sNdnb ]p©ncn apJ¯v LSn-¸n¨v Nn{X-ie - `w AtX InS¸p XpSÀ¶p. Xsâ arZp-e-amb tcma-§Ä¡n-S-bn-eqsS BIm-i-¯n-te¡p t\m¡n-bt¸mÄ {]-XrXn FÃm `mhp--I-§fpw Xsâ bm{Xbv¡p t\cp-¶-Xmbn A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡p tXm¶n. C\n kabw If--bp-¶Xv apgp hnUvVn-¯am-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v Nn´n¨ A¸q-¸³ XmSn Hcp Cfw Imän-s\bpw {]Xo£n¨v kk-t´m-j-t¯msS ac-s¡m-¼n-en-cp-¶p. Xsâ t\À¯ tcma§sf at\m-l-c-ambn HXp¡n shbv¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn Hcp Cfw Imäv ]Xnsb ac-¨n-Ã-bn-te¡v h¶p. B Cfw Imän Ah³ hm-bp-hn-te¡p-bÀ¶-t¸mÄ ac-¨n-Ãb - n Ae-ka - mbn Dd-§p¶ Nn{X-ie - `- s¯ ]pÑ`m-ht- ¯msS H¶p-IqSn t\m¡n Ip. Xsâ kl-bm-{X-I\ - mb Cfw Imäp-ambn Ipi-em-t\zm-jW - § - f - n apgpIp-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn Ip«-\m-S³ hb-tee-IÄ¡p apI-fn F¯n-s¸-«Xv A¸q-¸³ XmSn Adn-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. tIc-f¯ - nsâ s\Ã-db - mWo ImWp¶ hb-tee-I-sf¶pw, sFiz-cy-¯nsâ hnf-\n-e-§-fm-bn-cp-¶n-h-sb¶pw Imäv ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp-¯p. Ime-¯nsâ Ips¯m-g-p¡n B hb-te-eIÄ¡v amä-§Ä kw`-hn--¨X - mbn AhÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-bn. C¶v ]e hb-tee-I-fnepw BImiw ap«p¶ sI«n-S-§Ä t\m¡n ImWp¶ IÀj-Isâ at\m-th-Z\ Bcp-a-dn-ªn-«n-sÃ-¦nepw A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡v Adn-bm³ km[n-¨p. IÀjI IpSn-ep-I-fpsS D¯-c-§Ä ]eXpw Bßl-Xy-¡pÅ D]-I-c-W-§-fm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bpw,-AtX D¯-c-¯n Xs¶ sI«n-bn-cn-¡p¶ sXm«n-en \n¶v ]nt©m-a-\-IÄ `£-W-¯n-\mbv BÀ¯-e¨p Ic-bp-¶Xpw B bm{X-nI-cpsS a\Êv hnd-§e - n-¸n¨p. IÀj c£m-ZuXyw Fsä-Sp¯v AXn-eqsS hfÀ¶p hs¶¶ al-¯mb ]mc¼-cy-apÅ C¶s¯ ]e cm{ãob ]mÀ«n-If - p-sSbpw t\Xm-¡Ä ]s£ thcpI-Ä
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Hcp ]pg-bpsS Ir{Xn-a-am-bX-Ãm¯ Hscm-gp¡v ImWm³ Ign-ªn-sænepw hb-em- d nsâ Ihn-X - bpsS Hgp¡v C¶pw \nÀK-f-ambn XpS-cp-¶Xmbn A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡p ImWm³ Ign-ªp. Ah-cpsS ]mÀ«n Hm^o-kp-If - nse kpJ ioX-f-Om-b-bn BIÀ jI \ne-hn-fn-IÄ tIÄ¡m-¯Xv F´p sImm-sW¶v A¸q-¸³ XmSn tNmZn¨p t]mbn. CXn-s\-Ãmap- ] - c n- b mbn P\- t k- h - \ - a mWv X§- f psS e£y- s a¶v tLmctLmcw {]kw-Kn¨p sImn-cn¡p¶ FÃm cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«nIfpw lÀ¯m-ep-IÄ¡pw _µp IÄ¡pw thn aÕ-cn-¡p-¶Xv A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bn AaÀj-hpw, shdp¸pw Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-¯p. ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w \m«n-eqsS Xs¶-bmtWm X§-fpsS bm{Xsb¶v AhÀ kwi-bn-¨p. a\pjyXzw ac- h n¨ ae- b m- f n- I Ä F´n- s \m- s ¡tbm thn ss]Xr- I - a mbn e`n¨ PohnX ssien amäp- ¶ - s X- ´ n- s \¶ tNmZyw Imän- \ p- m- s b- ¦ nepw ZpxJn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Iq«p-Im-c-t\mSv tNmZn-¡m³ Ah\p tXm¶n-bn-Ã. hntZi ]Ww sImv [qÀ¯Sn¨p Pohn- ¡ p¶ ae- b m- f n- I Ä [mÀ½nI aqey-§Ä¡v Pohn-X¯n Øm\w \ÂIp- h m³ {]bmks¸-Sp¶ ImgvN Ah-cn IuXp- I - a p- W À¯n. It¼mf kwkvIm-c-hpw, km{am-Py-Xzhpw ImÀ¶p Xn¶p¶ ae-bm-fn-Isf Bcv? F§s\? c£n-¡p-sa¶ DXvIWvT AhÀ X½n ]¦p-sh¨p. Al-´-bpÅ ae-bm-fn-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv CXn\p Imc-W-¡msc¶v AhÀ Is-¯n. aäp-Åhsc ae-bm-fn-IÄ A\p-I-cn-¡pt¼mgpw AhÀ X§sf A\p-Icn- ¡ p- ¶ p- s h¶at\m- ` mhw B
bm{Xn-I-cn Hcp ]cn-lm-k-¨n-cn-bp-WÀ¯n. Imcy-§Ä ]Tn-¸n-t¡ aX kwLS\I-fpsS A\n-b{- ´n-Xa - mb hfÀ¨ Ahsc A¼-c¸ - n-¨p. kÀÆ-aX - § - fpw H¶m-sW¶v ]dª {io \mcm-bW Kpcp-hnsâ A\pbm-bn-IÄ t]mepw kz´w PmXn-bpsS t]cn Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw kwLS-\I - Ä Dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F´n-\m-sW¶v A¸q¸³XmSn ]ndp-]n-dp-¯p. sI. tIf-¸³, F.-sI.-Pn, h¡w aue-hn, hnP-b³ amjv XpS-§nb kmwkvIm-cnI k¼-¶-cpsS Im¸m-Sp-IÄ sImv [\y-amb Cu a®nsâ C¶s¯ kmwkvIm-cnI \ne GXv Xe-¯n-emWv F¯nt¨À¶n-«p-ÅXv F¶v Nn´n-¡p-hm³ B bm{Xn-Isc t{]cn-¸n-¨p. \mtSmSn kv{XoIsf \á-cmbn \Sp-tdm-«n ]oUn-¸n¨p ckn-¡p¶ a\pjy-t¡m-e-§fpw, ]«-nI-fpsSb{X-t]mepw hne-IÂ]n-¡msX ]nt©ma-\-Isf Ah-K-Wn-¡p¶ c£nXm¡-fpw, \nb-a-]m-e-Is\ ASn¨p sImÃp¶ hnZymÀ°n-Iq-«-§-fpw, F§-s\-bmWv Cua®n Xg¨p hfÀ¶-sX¶v AhÀ ZpxJ-t¯msS Nn´n-¨p-t]m-bn. Xsâ-bm{X C{X ZpcnX ]qÀ®-am-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xn-epÅ \ncmi A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡p ad¨p shbv¡m³ Ign-bm-¯Xp aqew ASp¯p I Hcp BÂa-c¯ - n hn{ian-¡m-\mbn sasÃ-bn-d-§n. kwLÀj-`-cn-X-amb Xsâ a\-Ên\v Bizmk-ambn FhnsS \nt¶m Hcp Km\w Hgp-In-sb-¯p-¶X - mbn A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡v A\p-`h - s - ¸-«p. k{i²w AXp {i²n-¨t- ¸mÄ hb-em-dnsâ `mh\-bn hncnª Cuc-Sn-I-fm-W-sX¶v a\-Ên-em-bn. Xsâ bm{X-bn Hcp ]pg-bpsS Ir{Xn-aa - m-bX-Ãm¯ Hscm-gp¡v ImWm³ Ign-ªn-sænepw hb-em-dnsâ Ihn-X-bpsS Hgp¡v C¶pw \nÀK-f-ambn XpS-cp-¶Xmbn A¸q-¸³ XmSn¡p ImWm³ Ign-ªp. `mjm ss]XrIw sImv k¼-¶a - mb ae-bm-fs¯ ]e hnt[\ t\mhn¡p¶ ImgvN `mjm kvt\ln-If - mb B bm{X-¡msc ZpxJn-Xc - m-¡n. C¶v GXv Zriy-am-[yaw Xpd-¶mepw al¯mb a-e-bmf `mjsb hnIe-am-¡p¶ kwkmc§fpw, t^m¬ hnfn-I-fpw, imco-cnI `mjIfpw ae-bmf kwkvImc¯n\p t\sc t\m¡n sImª\w Ip¯p-¶X - mbn AhÀ¡v ImWm³ Ign-ªp. BZy-Im-e¯v tIc-f¯ - n hf-sc-b[ - nIw {]mNmcw t\Sn-bn-cp¶ t£{X-I-e-IÄ C¶v t£{Xm-¦-W-§-fn t]mepw ImWm³ I-gn-bp-¶n-Ã. tIc-f¯ - nsâ X\-Xmb Iem-cq-]a - mb tamln-\n-bm«w C¶v kn\n-am-änIv Um³kp-IÄ¡pw aäpw hgn-am-dn-bn-cn¡p-¶Xpw Xmf-¯n-\\ - p-kc - n¨v sIm«p¶ H¸-\bpw tambn³Ip«n sshZycpsS C¼-amÀ¶ am¸n-f¸ - m-«p-Ifpw B[p-\nI Xe-apd ]pÑn¨p XÅp¶ Img-N-Ifpw AhÀ¡v \nÊ-l-cmbn t\m¡n \nÂ-¡mt\ Ign-ªp-Åq. C\n Zpcn-X-§fpw Zpc-´-§fpw ImWm³ Xsâ a-\-Ên\v iàn-bn-söpw, Cu bm{X ChnsS Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m-sa¶pw hfsc \ncm-itbmsS A¸q-¸³ XmSn Imän-t\mSv A`n-{]m-bs - ¸-«p.- Hcp Iq«w kz]v\§ - f - pambn bm{X-¡n-d§n Ah-km\w Zpc-´-§Ä am{Xw ImWm³ hn[n-¡s¸« Xs¶ Xs¶ Hcp \nanjw A¸q-¸³ XmSn i]n¨p t]mbn. Xncn¨p ]qf-a-c-¯n sN¶n-d-§p-t¼mÄ kpJ-ambn In-S-¶p-d-§p¶ Nn{X-i-e`s¯ Akq-bt- bmsS A¸q-¸³ XmSn Ipd¨p t\cw t\m¡n \n-¶p. ]ns¶ B ac-¨n-Ãb - n hn§p¶ a\--Êp-ambn InS-¡p-t¼mÄ C\n-sb¦nepw C§-s\-bpÅ kz]v\-§Ä ImWn-¡-cp-sX¶v BßmÀ°-ambn ssZh-t¯mSv {]mÀ°n-¨p-sImv I®p-If - S- ¨p ]nSn¨v Hcp sNdnb ab¡-¯n-te¡v A¸q-¸³ XmSn {]th-in-¨p. thcpI-Ä
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Ime-¯n-s\m¯v IY amdp¶ Pohn-X-¯n hgn-am-dptam? Bbp-Ên³ hÀ²-\hv Nncn XqInb ]qapJ¯v Zni-am-äp-tamþ ZpxJ-¯n³ kv]Àiw kt´m-j-amb Pohn-X-¯n³ KXn--am-dptamþ hncm-a-amb PohX kpJw ku`m-Ky-ambn A\p-`q-Xn-bn X«n-am-äptam a\-Ên³ hotcm-at- \m-`mhw hnizm-ka - mb aX-¯n³ ssNX\yw XIÀ¡ptam Ahn-izm-k-¯m Nncn-bn-e-S-§nb kulmÀ±-`qan a\w amdptam {]Ir-Xn-t£m-]-¯m ASp-¡p¶ kmtlm-Z-cy-¯n³ aqÀ¨ acn-¡ptam Aan-Xm-th-i-¯m shfn¨w hoip¶ kqcysâ Zni sImv amdptam a\p-jysâ `n¶m-`n-{]mbw h¶p tNÀ¶ {]W-bm-th-i-¯m ad-¡ptam \½Ä Bßm-`n-am\w
apl-½Zv j^oJv ]n.Sn ss^\Â _n.-_n.F thcpI-Ä
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ADVT - 3
thcpI-Ä
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Economics Dept.
Free market Economy and Socialism : Incompatible Friends? Socialism, as a socio-economic creed, became the defining doctrine of slate action in post Independent India. Socialism as a doctrine of state intervention was ingrained in the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) of our constitution. The era of socialism started in India with the declared objective of state intervention infavour of the poor, weaker and disadvantaged sections of Indian society. The socialist slogan set the tone and tenor of Indias economic policies and various popular state sponsored programmes. The 1960 as and 70s saw spart in socialistic measures eg. Nationalization of banks, coalmines etc. But with the onset of the decade of 1980s the first waves of free market economy started hitting India shores and the 1990 s witnessed a bold, new era in India economy characterized by economic reforms. These reforms were to be based on structural changes in the economy, allowing a free play of market forces withdrawal of government involvement in many sectors of the economy and finally, liberalization of the economy as a whole. There are very pertinent questions which deserve convineing answers. Can both socialism and freemarket economy coexist ? Are they both compatible with each other? Before
wer enter into a socialism V/S free market debate it would be appropriate here to attempt a proper understanding of these two terms. As regards socialism, there is no single definition possible to describe the term. It is an umbrella term under which various brands of socialism get subsumed. The Indian socialism is an omnibus of Fabian, democratic and Gandhian socialisms. Nehru, the main architect of independent India, was inspired by the Soviet Russias experiments with Socialism, but never advocated Marxian Socialism. Thus socialism in India, far from being a dogmatie straijacketed doctrine, became a practical guide to existing problems. Indian Economy was shielded from foreign conception in the name of Protection, Yet another step towards socialism was the pro-poor programmes of government. It included redistribution of land through land reforms various anti - poverty programmes, special measures taken for the disadvantaged groups especially SC and STs. Bold decisions were taken to break our obsession with the past and redeploy our economic strategies. Words like delicensing deregulation, disinvestment, liberalization, FDI, FII, market reforms, indicative planning found entries our economic dictionary. The social sector is even now completely under the government which give lots of manoevuring capacity to the government to act for the welfare of the people. There is no dichotomy between economic reforms and socialism. Infact, both free market and socialism can be harmonized through a fine balance. The success of market reforms in India is not to be judged in terms of putting our economy on a faster growth projective. Whatever game`s our liberalization efforts have accrued so far have not trickled or percolated down to all sections of our society evely. Only a part of India, largely urban India has been shining. The rural India where the bulk of population lives, is by and large untouched by economic reforms. Basic facilities like irrigation, health, education are in state of shambles. Rural unemployment is rampant and the rural population is migrating to metro cities insearch of livelihood. The Mahalnobis model of development which was predicated on the belief that economic growth would have an automatic Trickles down effect on all sections of society proved wrong No doubt economic reforms will make a positive impact on our poor also. What India needs today is a synthesis of the best of both. Free market economy should be given a free play to make our economy globally competitive. But, at the sametime, there should be a distributive justice regime under which the fruits gained in the process are evenly distributed. thcpI-Ä
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Zo\ Ipcy³ ^Ìv _n.F Cw¥o-jv
-Hcp ]nSn B{K-l-§Ä a®n ]nd-¶Xmw aÀXy-\n-se-¶pta B{Klw am{Xsa Iq«n-\pÅq B{Klw X¶nse AÀ°w Adn-bmsX B{K-lt- ¯m-SnXm ]mÀ¯n-Sp-t¶³ B{Klw aÀ-¯y-\n I·-jw Iq«p¶ Imc-W-am-sW¶v km[p-¡fpw F¶m-se-t¶mÀ¡pI B{Klw If-bpI F¶p-tÅm-cm-{K-lhpw B{K-lamw F¶p-Ån ImWp¶ B{Klw F¶pta km^-ey-am-Ip-sa-¶m-c-dnªp B{Klw Iq«p-hm³ X¼p-cm³ Xt¶mcp \nt£] ]m{Xtam F³ a\Êv aÀ¯ysâ B{Klw kz]v\§ - Ä am{X-ambv \n¡p¶p F¶p-sam-S§ - n-SmsX aÀ¯ym \o HmÀ¡pI £Wn-Iao PohnXw ]qsh-¶-t]m s]men-ªn-Sp-ao-bp-e-In F¶m \ma-dn-bpI aÀ¯y \o t£mWn-bn Bibv¡v hgn \ÂIpw Ht¶-bpÅq kI-te-i³ X³ Xncp-ap-³]n-e-W-bp-hm³ hgn-sbm¶p t\SpI Imcy-ama-Xv.
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\kvdo³. ]n. sk¡â v _n. F. Cw¥ojv
slm! ka-b-an-sÃm-¶n\pw sIme-]m-XI§Ä, Bß-l-Xy-IÄ, B{I-a-§Ä, A]-I-S-§Ä FÃmw s]cp-Ip-¶p. Fhn-sSbpw A[mÀ½n-IX Xs¶ A-gn-ªm-Sp¶p. hnh-c-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ hnh-c-ap-Å-h-sc-¡mÄ ap¶-Wn-bn-se-¯p-¶p. ]Wm-[n-]Xyw hÀ²n-¡p-I-bpw-hn-Zym-[n-]Xyw Xnc-kvI-cn-¡-s¸-SpIbpw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. FÃm-hÀ¡pw Adn-bm-hp¶ FÃm-hcpw ]dbp¶ k½-Xn-¡p¶ ]¨-bm-sbmcp kXyw. F´v sImn-§ns\ F¶ tNmZy-¯n\p {]k-àn-bn-Ã. ]W¯n\p th-nbpw arKo-b-X-bpsS t]cnepw sIme-]m-X-I-§Ä \S-¡p-¶p. B{I-a-W-§Ä hÀ[n-¡p-¶p. A{i-²bpw APm-{K-Xbpw kÀtÆm-]cn \nb-a§ - f - psS ]gp-Xp-Ifpw A]-IS- § - fpw XÂ^-ea - mbn Iq«-a-c-W-§fpw kw`-hn-¡m-\n-S-bm-Ip-¶p. thcpI-Ä
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CsXm¶pw C¶v Bscbpw kv]Àin-¡msX IS¶p t]mIp¶ \nÊmc kw`-h-§-fmbn amdn-bn-cn¡p-¶p. BÀ¡pw ka-ba - n-Ã. FÃmhcpw [rXn-bnepw Xn-c¡ - n-ep-am-Wv. aX t\Xm-¡-fm-bmepw kmaqly kmwkv I m- c n- I - \ m- b - I ³am- c mbmepw AhÀ¡v ka- b - a n- à . cmjv{S tkh-\¯ - nsâ Xnc-¡n-emtW- h - c pw. ]ns¶ BÀ¡m- W nhnsS ka-b-ap-ÅXv? \n§Ä¡v ka-ba - ptm? F\n-¡ptm? \ap¡ptm? Cà BÀ¡pw ka-b-anÃ. kabw Fhn- s S- t ]mbn F¶ tNmZy-¯nsâ `mKn-Ia - mb D¯-camWv XpS- ¡ - ¯ n ]d- ª - X v . cm{ã tkh- \ - ¯ nsâ Xnc- ¡ nemWv ]e-cpw. Iptd t]À aäp ]e Xnc-¡n-epw. Cu ka-b-an-Ãm-bvabpsS {]iv\ s¯ DÅn-bpcn-¡p-t¼mse Dcn¨m H¶pw In«msX hcpw. ]ns¶m¶v Xnc¡v ? bYmÀ°¯n ka-ba - n-Ãm-bvab - à {]iv\w. ka-bs¯ icnbmb coXn-bn D]- t bm- K - s ¸- S p- ¯ m- b v I - b m- W v . Ccp-]¯ - n-\mep aWn-¡q-dpÅ Hcp Znh-ks¯ \msa-§s\ hn\n-tbmKn-¡p¶p F¶v Nn´n¨p t\m¡Ww, C¶se F¶ Hcp Znhkw \mw ]n¶n-«t- Ãm. Cu Znh-k¯ - n \m-sa-´mWv sNbvXX - v? F§-s\bmWv Cu Znh-ks¯ \mw Nneh-gn-¨Xv? FÃm hÀ¡pw A\p-hZn-¨p-In-«n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv 24 aWn-¡qÀ Xs¶ ]e \à Imcy§fpw
Cu Znh-k¯ - n \m-sa-´mWv sNbvXXv? F§-s\-bmWv Cu Znh-ks¯ \mw Nne-h-gn-¨Xv? FÃm hÀ¡pw A\p-hZ- n-¨p-In-«n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv 24 aWn¡qÀ Xs¶ ]e \à Imcy§fpw sN¿m³ \n¡msX aWn-¡q-dp-Isf ]mgm-¡n-bh - À F{X t]cmWv?
sN¿m³ \n¡msX aWn-¡q-dp-Isf ]mgm-¡n-bh - À F{X t]cmWv? Ae-k-ambn Dd-§n-I-gn-¨-hÀ F{X-bmWv? Ipip¼pw Ip-\p-«p-ambn \S¶-h-sc-{X-bmWv? Gj-Wnbpw `oj-Wn-bp-ambn Ign-¨p-¡q-«n-b-h-sc-{XbmWv? Ah-cp-sS-sbms¡ kabw ]mgm-hp-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶ntÃ? t_mws_-dn-bm\pw shSn-bp--I-fp-XnÀ¡m\pw kl-Po-hn-Isf sh-«n\p-dp¡ns¡mÃm\pw Is-¯nb ka-b¯ - n\v F´v al-Xz-amWv IÂ]n¡m-\p-ÅXv? _em-Õw-Khpw ]nSn-¨p-]-dnbpw sImÅbpw sImÅnshbv]pw \S-¯p-¶Xv Znh-k-¯n A\p-h-Zn¨p In«nb aWn-¡q-dp-IÄ IS-sa-Sp-¯tÃ? CXn-s\ms¡ ka-b-ap-s-¦n ]ns¶ ka-b-an-söp ]d-bp-¶-Xn-se´À°w? Hcp a-\-jys\ ]-¨-tbmsS sh«n \pdp-¡n-s¡m-Ãm³ F{X kabw thW-sa-¦nepw ]mgm-¡m³ NneÀ¡v Hcp aSn-bp-an-Ã. A\m-imky {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡v thn Dgdn \S-¡m³ F{X aWn-¡qÀ thW-sa¦nepw sNe-hn-Sm³ NneÀs¡mcp kt¦m-N-hp-an-Ã. ]c-Zq-j-W-hp-ambn Ignªp IqSm³ NneÀs¡mcp {]bm-kh - p-an-Ã. A§s\ amän-sh-¡s¸-Sp¶ aWn-¡q-dp-IÄ¡p Hcp hne-bp-an-Ã.
]ns¶-§s\ ka-ba- n-Ãm-bvas- b¶ ]cm-Xn-bp-ambn \mw ap¶n-«n-d§p¶p? CXn-s\ms¡ ka-b-ap-s-¦n kvt\ln-¡m\pw bYmÀ° tkh\w \S-¯m-\p-am-WtÃm ka-b-an-Ãm-¯Xv! \ymbo-I-c-W-aÀln-¡m-s¯mcp Hfn-t¨m-«-am-bnt« CXns\ ImWm-\m-hq. Pohn-X-¯n Hcp ¹m\nwKv thWw. Nn«bpw \njvTbpw thWw. AXpm-bm-b ka-b-ap-mIpw. Dm-Ip-sa-¶-Ã, aäp ]e-Xn\pw kabw _m¡n-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. ka-bhpw Imehpw BÀ¡p-th--nbpw Im¯p \n¡p-¶n-söpw km[m-c-W-bmbn ]d-bm-dp--tÃm. B hkvXpX \mw DÄs¡m-Å-Ww. sImgn-ªp hogp¶ Hmtcm hn\m-gn-Ibpw \ap¡v \ã-am-Ip¶ ka-ba - mWv. ChnsS P\n¨p hogp¶ tijw Pohn-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸« ¢n]vXhpw IWn-i-hp-am-sbm-cp-k-a-b-]-cn-[n-bp-v. C¸pdw P\-\-am-sW¦n A¸pdw ac-W-am-Wv. Hcp \nanjw sImgnªp hoWm ac-Wt¯m-sSmcp \nanjw ASp¯p F¶À°w. CsX-gpXn Ign-ªt- ¸mÄ A{Xbpw kabw F\n¡p Xcn¨p In«m¯ hn[w \ã-am-bn. CXp hmbn¨p Ign-ªt¸mgm-Is« A{Xbpw kabw \n§Ä¡pw \ã-am-bn. ka-ba - n-sö ]cn-tZ-h\ - ¯ - n\v hne-bnÃ. DÅ kabw A\p-hZ- n-¡s - ¸« kabw bmtYm-NnXw hoXn¨p hn\-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ib - m-Wm-hm-iyw. A§s\ Nn´n-¡m-¯h - cpw {]hÀ¯n¡m¯-hcpw H¶pw t\Sm-¯h - c - m-bn-¯ocp ¶p. Hcp a\p-jy³ F{X Imew Pohn¨p F¶-Xn-\à A{Xbpw Imew F§s\ Pohn¨p F¶-Xn-\mWv {]k-IvXn. \½psS Iem-ebw ka-b¯n\v hfsc {]m[m\yw \ÂIp- ¶ - X n- \ m \sÃmcp Xe- a p- d sb hmÀs¯-Sp-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-¶p.
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Shabna IInd B.A. Eng
Letters
Letters in the letter box Endless letters with endlesContents of sorrow or happiness But none speaking to each other Lonely oh! lonely Waiting to reach the destination What is this way of togetherness? None sharing a word or two Are we like those letters in The letter box?
Sparrow A sparrow came flying roaming, She felt weary, seeking for her nest Tired then, sat on the burned Branch of a tree And began to thinkDid any human being come In this jungle today?
Translated from Hindi Poem thcpI-Ä
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Hcp D¸¶-¯nsâ hnhn[ \nÀ½m-W- hn-X-c-W -L-«-§-fn Iq-«n tNÀ¡-s]-Sp-¶ aqeyhÀ[\-hmW v aqey-hÀ²n-X- \n-Ip-Xn (-hm-äv)-.DZm: Hcp -]m-{X -\nÀ½m-Xmhv 40-tIm-Sn -aq-ey-ap-Å- kvd-do hm-§p-I-bpw 60tIm-Sn -aq-eyw -IÂ]n¡p-¶- ]m-{X-§Ä \nÀan-¨mÂ- B- \nÀam-Xm-hnsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n h-cp-¶- DÂ]m-Z-\- {]-{In-b-bn 20 tImSn- cq-]-bp-sS aq-ey-hÀ²-\-hp-m-bn. - ChnsS, \nÀam-Xm-hv 20 -tIm-Sn-¡m-Wv \n-Ip-Xn\ÂtI--Xv. F¶m Ìo-en-sâ- b-YmÀ° -hn-e-bm-b 40-tIm-Sn-bp-sS \n-IpXnbnf-hn\v hu-¨À k-aÀ¸n-¡-Ww. AXn-\m hm-ä v\n-Ip-Xn s-- h«n-¡Â X-S-bp¶-Xn-\pw -\n-IpXn¡pta \n-Ip-Xn- D-m-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xn-\pw, D]-t`m-àm-hv \ÂIp-¶ -\n-Ip-Xn -kÀ¡m-cn-\p -X-s¶ -e-`n¡pw F¶- Kp-W-hpw -C-Xn-\p-v. temI- hym-]m-c- kw-L-S-\-bp-sS-bpw- temI- _m-¦n-tâ-bpw -\nÀtZ-i§sf ]n-´p-SÀ¶mWv AwK-cm-Py-§Ä aqey-hÀ²n-X- \n-Ip-Xn-k-{¼-Zm-bw- Aw-Ko-Icn¡p¶-Xv. Fgp-]-tXm-fw -cmPy-§-fnÂ- Cu- k-{¼-Zm-bw- \-S-¸n-em-¡n-bn«pv. ssjPn. kn _n.-F. CI--tWm-anIvkv
aqey-hÀ²n-X\n-IpXn
\nIp-Xn- \n-c-¡p-I-fnÂ- H-cp -hÀ²-\-hp-m-hp-¶- ]-£w -Ct¸mg-s¯_-lp-\ne \ - n-Ip-Xn- k-{¼-Zm-bh - p-am-bn X - m-cX - a - y-s]-Sp-¯pt¼mÄ cm-jv{S¯n-sâ -d-h-\yq-IÄ -D-bÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\pff H-cp -D-d-¨- A-Sn-Øm-\w -hm-äv \ÂIp-¶p. Cu k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n³ Io-gn -H-cp -Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ- \n-Ip-Xn _m²yX- I-W-s¡-Sp¡pI -h-f-sc-tb-sd -F-fp-¸-am-Wv. Øm]-\-§Ä k-aÀ¸n-¡p-¶- h-c-hp- sN-e-hp- I-W-¡p-IÄ -F-XnÀ]cn-tim-[-\ (cross checking) -\-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\v Iq-Sp-X km-²y-X-I-fp-v. hmän-sâ- D-]-tbmKw- H-cp -cm-Py-¯n-s\- A-Xn-sâ- I-b-äp-a-Xn- t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn k-lm-bn-¡p-¶p. Dev]-¶-§Ä¡p-Å- tNm-Z-\-s¯- \n-b-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ H-cp \ - à - D - ] - I - c - W - a - m-W vC - u\ - n-IpXn. sam¯-¯n Ct¸m-gs¯ GI-apJ hnÂ]\ \nIp-Xn-tb-¡mÄ ]©mÂK-a\ kz`mhw Ipd-ªXmWv hmäv. hnÂ]\ \nIpXn ]cn-jvIc - n-¡p-¶X - n-\mbn 1995þ  C´y-bnse {]apJ kwØm-\-§-fnse [\-a-{´n-amÀ Hcp I½än cq]o-I-cn-¨p. hmän-te¡p Nph-Sp-am-dm³ FÃm-kw-Øm-\-§Ä¡p-apÅ Ah-km-\- Xn-b-Xn-bm-bn 2001 I½än \nÝ-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m B Ah-km-\- Xn-b-XnbpsS HcphÀj¯n\p apt¼ Xs¶ hmän-te-¡pÅ ]mX-bn ]cm-P-bm-\p-`-h§Ä NnXdn¡nS-¶n-cp¶p. 2000- amÀ¨n hmäv hen-s¨-dn-bp¶ Gähpw HSp-hn-es¯ kwØm-\-ambn alm-cm-jv{S. t\cs¯ B{Ôm-{]-tZipw tIc-fhpw B \nIpXn ]n³h-en¨v hnÂ]\ \nIp-Xn-bn-te¡v Xncn-s¨¯n-bn-cn-¶p. hmäv 1996 \-S-¸n h-cp-¯p-sa¶v {]Jym]n-¨n-cp-¶- X-angv\mSv AXv kw-Øm-\¯v \S-¸n sImph-cp-¶-Xv hy]m-cn-I-fn \n¶pÅ sNdp-¯p-\nÂ]p t\cn-«-Xns\ XpSÀ¶v cp-h«w \o«n-shbv¡p-I-bp-mbn. H«-\-h[n sa¨-§-fn-te¡v \bn-t¨¡pw hmänsâ kzoImcyw F¶-Xn kwi-b-an-Ã. ]tcm-£ \nIpXn-I-fpsS aWvU-e-¯n Hscm-ä- \nIpXnb[n-Ir-X-cp-ambn CS-s]-SpI F¶pÅ hym]m-c, hyh-kmb temI-¯nsâ- A-`n-em-jhpw hmäv \nd-th-äpw. C´y-bn-se- P\§Ä¡v hmäv {]IS-ambpw Hcm-IÀjI t{kmX-Êm-Wv. thcpI-Ä
56
hn]n³.kn IInd B.A. English.
aS-¡-bm{X
C\n F¶n-te-bv¡-Sp-¡pI \nsâ kvt\lw NSp-eX - t- bm-sS-¶n ]SÀ¯pI Imcp-Wy-¯n³ Ic-§-fm Fs¶ XtemSpI CS--dp¶ kzc-t¯msS F\n-¡mbv tIgpI ]¨-amwkw Pohn-X-e-£yam-¡nb ImSnsâ Ipdp-\-cn-IÄ Fs¶ thÀ ]ncn-bp¶p sXÃpw `b-t¡ \n³ [oc-Xsb {hW-s¸-Sp-¯m³ t]m¶ KÀÖ-\-§-fn-Ãn-¶n-hn-sS, kXz-§-fnà Nncn-¡p-¶, Nn´ \ã-s¸« arK-§-fp-anà \nÀ`-bt- ¯msS Imep-IÄ sX¶msX C\n \o ASp-¡pI \n\-¡mbv Iq«n\v Cu s]¿p¶ ag-bpv ag-bpsS Ipfn-cnse I\-hpv F³ Nn´-bnse XWp--¯p-dª {]Xo-£-bpv ]ns¶ ]pgp-¡Ä t]mepw ad-¶n-«p-t]mb kv]Ài-\-§-f-dn-bm¯ F³ amwk-]-nÞ-apv cmbv ]ncnªp ambm-\m-sW-¦nepw C\n \o Nen-¡pI F¶-cn-In-te-¡mbv C\n \nsâ Iq«n-\mbv tIgn-Ã, Ign-bnà F³ ico-cw IqSp-X XWp-¡p¶p s\©n sI«n\n¶ Ah-km\ NqSpw A\y-am-Ip¶p C\n-ab - ¡ - a - mbv Hcp ]«n\p Iogbmbv DWcm¯ Dd-¡a - mbv C\n \o Adn-bpI Rm³ F¶n \n¶-Ie - p¶p F³ NnX-bpsS NqtS-än-s«-¦nepw \n³ XWp-¸-I-äpI B Cfw NqSn \o s\bvsX-Sp¡pw \n³ I\-hp-Ifpw
thcpI-Ä
57
lcn. sI tXÀ-Uv. _n.-F-kv. kn (amXvkv)
KpcpXn
]¨-]n-Sn¨ s\ÂsN-Sn-Ifpw Iq«w Iq«-ambn Ccn-¡p¶ X¯-Ifpw aqSÂaªpw ]Sn-¸p-c-bn \n¶pw A¸p t\m¡n-s¡mt \n¶p. XWp¯v ]c-hi - \ - mbn \n¡p¶ A¸p-hnsâ apJ¯v Cf-wsh-bn-ensâ Xpf-¡p¶ {]Imiw ]Xn-¨-bp-Ss\ Ah³ I®p Npfn-¨p. s\¡-XnÀ sIm¯n s]dp-¡m³ F¯nb X¯-Isf t\m¡n Is®-Sp-¡msX \n¡p¶ A¸p GtXm amkvac temI¯v ]qÀ®-ambpw AI-s¸-«n-cn¡p-¶p. jÀ«n-SmsX \n¡p¶ Ahsâ icocw XWp¯v hnd¨v \n¡pt¼mgpw Ah-\-sXm¶pw {i²n-¡pt¶ CÃ. aªp-sIm-ÅmsX C§Sv t]mcv®tm?
Ahy-àa- mb hm¡p-IÄ A¸p {i²m]qÀÆw DÄsIm- Å p- t ¼mgpw A¸phnsâ a\-Ên Hcp t]Sn hf-cp-¶pm-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp Xcw `b-t¯m-sS,I®pw angn¨v {i²n¨p tIÄ¡p¶ A¸p-hnsâ apJw
A¸phnsâ A½ hnfn¨p ]d-ªp. A¸p tI«-]msS tImem-bn-te-t¡mSn . Idp¯v Imhn-bn« tImembn Xn®-bn XWp-¸p-Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cp-¶p. F´m A¸q XWv¡vWvtm? ap¯-Ñsâ tNmZyw Ah-\n IqSp-X XWp-¸p-f-hm-¡n. Ipd-s¨m-s¡, XmSn-bn-Sn¨v A¸p ]d-ªp. A¸phnsâ apJ¯v Ft´m ]cn{`m´n Dm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ \mep `mKhpw t\m¡n. tKmhn-tµ-«³ Cu cmhnse F¯n sXmSn-Ifpw apähpw thcpI-Ä
58
FÃmw hr¯n-bm-¡p-¶Xv Iv A¸p Duln- ¨ p. Cs¶t´m DÕhw Xs¶-bm-Wn-hn-sS. am{Xhp-aà Ihp-§n³ XSn-IÄ sh«n ]´epw C«n-cn-¡p-¶p. XSp-¡n³ CS-bn-eqsS F¯p¶ Cf-sh-bn A¸q CSw I®n«p kq£n¨p t\m¡n. F´m-bn-cn¡pw! hÃy-Ñ\pw, A½m-bn-am-cpw, G«-¯n-amcpw F¯n-bn-«p-v. Xd-hm-«nse FÃmhcpw F¯n. ap¯-Ènsb In-cps¶-¦n F-´m-sW¶v tNmZn-¡mam-bn-cp-¶p. Nmcp-It- k-cb - n ]qapJ¯v InS- ¡ p¶ ap¯- Ñ - t \mSv tNmZn-¡m³ Ah\p t]Sn-bn-Ã. ]s£ Bfp- I Ä Ipsd t]À kwkm- c n- ¨ - c n- ¡ p- ¶ p- n- h n- s S. A½- t bmSv tNmZn- ¨ m ap¯Ènsb ImWmw. Ah³ ASp-¡-fbn-te-t¡m-Sn. CS-\m-gn-bn shäne- s ¨- à - h p- a m- b n- c n- ¡ p¶ ap¯Ènsb I ]msS Ah\pw AhnsS Ccn-¸p-d-¸n-¨p. A¸p-Ip-«³ Ipfn-¨ntÃ? ap¯-Èn-bpsS tNmZy-¯n\p A¸p Xe-Ip-ep¡n F´m ap¯Èn ChnsS? AtXm, Chn-sS-sbmcp ]qP-bm-Sm, F´p ]qP? Ahy-àa - m-bm-sW-¦nepw ap¯Èn Hcp hi¯p \n¶pw IY ]dªp XpS§n Hcp hi- t ¯¡v hnc Nqn ap¯Èn tNmZn-¨p. AsX-´m-sW-¶-dntbm A¸q\v?
a¨v, A¸p kzcw Xmgv¯n ]d-ªp. AXn-se-´m-sW-¶-dntbm A¸q\v? CÃ, A¸p hopw ]Xps¡ ]d-ªp. a¨n-\p-Ån \-½psS Xd-hm«p tZhX IpSn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Bcm ap¯Èn Cu ssZhw? \½p-sS-sb-Ãm-h-cp-sSbpw Ipe-tZ-hX IpSn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-W-hn-sS. `àntbmsS {]mÀ°n-¨m tZhn \ap¡v A\p-{K-lhpw k¼¯pw {]Zm\w sN¿pw. ap¯-Èn-bpsS hm¡p-IÄ hnd-¡p¶ XmSn¡p apI-fn ssI AaÀ¯n A¸p {i²-tbmsS tI«n-cp-¶p. Cu tZhn-bpsS hn{Klw A¸p In-«ntÃ? DÆv, hfsc BImw-£-tbmsS A¸p-]-dªp F«p ssII-fpÅ ssZhtÃ? A¸p Xncn¨p tNmZn-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n. AsX, AXnsâ {]tXy-IX A¸p In-«ptm? CÃ. tZhn-bpsS Hmtcm ssII-fnepw Hmtcm Bbp-[§ - f - p-v. am{X-hp-aà Hcp ssI¿n A¸p Itm Hcp Xe? DÆv. A¸p Xpd¶ angn-I-tfmsS ]dªp. cp hnc-en Xm§n Hcp hi-t¯¡v Ncn-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Zmc-nIsâ Xe `K-hX - n-bpsS hn{K-l¯ - n A¸p {i²n-¨n-«p-v. ap¯-Èn-bpsS hm¡n \n¶mWv A¸p a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv Zmcn-Isâ Xe Ncn-ªn-«mWv DÅXv F¶v. AsX´m ap¯Èn Ncn-ªn-cn-¡tW? tNmZy-§Ä XpSÀ¶v sImn-cp-¶p. ap¯-Èn-bpsS hmbn \n¶pw hcp¶ Ahy-àa - mb hm¡p-IÄ A¸p {i²m-]qÀÆw DÄsIm-Åp-t¼mgpw A¸phnsâ a\-Ên Hcp t]Sn hf-cp-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp Xcw `b-t¯m-sS,I®pw angn¨v {i²n¨p tImÄ¡p¶ A¸p-hnsâ apJw hÃmsX tim`n¨n-cp-¶p. Fsâ A½-¡p-t]mepw HmÀ½-bn-Ãm¯ A{X¡p ]g¡w Dm-bn-cp¶p B hoSn\pw B hn{K-l-¯n-\pw, ap¯Èn ]dªp XpS-§n. \½psS Xd-hm-Sn\p ]p apXÂt¡ hfsc tZmj-§Ä Dm-bn-Xp-S§-bn-cp-¶p. ZpÀa-c-W-§fpw Akp-J-§fpw _m[n¨v HSp-hn KXn-sI«v AhÀ GtXm \¼q-Xn-c-¸m-Sns\ Ip. {]iv\w h¨-t¸m-gtà kwKXn sXfn-ªX - v, \½psS a¨nse tZhn-bpsS hn{K-l¯ - nse Zmc-nIsâ Xe Ncn-ªm-Wn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Fs´-¶m tZhn-bpsS apJw Ing-t¡m-«m-sW¦n Zmcn-I³ hS-t¡m«p Xncn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv A]-e£ - W - a - m-sW-¶mWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. hÀj-§-fmbn XpS-cp¶ FÃm tZmj-§Ä¡pw Imc-Whpw AXp Xs¶
hmXn-en \n¶m-sW-¦nepw Ah\m Zmcn-Isâ Xe {i²n¨p sImt Ccp¶p. hmfpw, ]cn-Nbpw, ]m¼pw, iqehpw, \ndªp I¯p¶ Xq¡p ]ns¶ F´m sNbvXXv? hnf¡pw ap³`m-K¯ - pÅ \ne-hn-f¡ - p- A¸p hnd-b-temsS tNmZn-¨p. Ifpw A¸p Cs¶-´n-s\-¶-dn-bmsX {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ Hmtcm-t¶m-tcm-¶mbn ]d-ªp. {i²n-¨p.
thcpI-Ä
59
{]mÀ°-\-bpw, P]-hpw, ]qPbpw FÃmw sImv XXvImew \½Ä¡p Ipg-¸-an-ÃmsX Pohn¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p. Ft¸mgpw AS-¨n-«n-cn-¡p¶ a¨v ImWp- t ¼m- s gms¡ A¸p- h n\p Ibdn Ifn-¡p-hm³ tXm¶m-dp-v. A½ ]n³Xn-cn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ ImcWhpw A¸p-hn\v a\-Ên-embn hcp¶p. A¸q-\-dntbm apä¯v F´msW¶v? ap¯Èn IqSp-X hyàam¡n sImSp-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n. CÃy, A¸p Xe-bm«n ]d-ªp. Cu ]qP-bpsS t]cmWv KpcpXn ]qP F´m- W Xv? A¸p- h n\v BImw£ hÀ²n-¨p. `K-h-Xn¡p
FÃm-hÀjhpw Xd-hm-«n \S-¯s - ¸-Sp¶ H¶mWv KpcpXn ]qP. CXn `K-hX - n-bpsS AS-§m¯ tIm]w AS-§m³ \½Ä KpcpXn sImSp¡pw. ]qPm IÀ½-§Äs¡m¸w \m-S³ tImgnsb Igp-¯-dp¯v apä¯p hc¨ If-¯n CSp-¶p. AXnsâ hnd-b Iv `K-hXn {]oXn-bm-Ip-¶-Xnt\m-sSm¸w tImgn-bpsS càw `K-hXn IqSn¡pw F¶mWv hnizm-kw. F¶n-cp-¶mepw tImgnsb sImÃp-¶Xpw `oI-c-amb AhkvYbpw A¸phns\ `b-s¸-Sp-¯m³ XpS-§n-bn-cp-¶p. ]qP¡p CXp am{X-a-Ã, Hcp ]mSv thj-hn-[m-\-§Ä AWnª `qXhpw tIma-chpw Ddªp XpÅpIbpw sN¿pw. F¶p tI«-tXmSp IqSn A¸p {]mÀX°n¨p XpS-§n, cm{Xn-bm-htà cm{Xn-bn h¨p \S-¡p¶ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-te¡p th-n-bpÅ Hcp-¡¯ - nsâ [rXn-bn-emWv Xd-hm«nepÅ-hs - c-Ãmw. Ipd¨p kabw ASp-¡f - b - n \n¶ A¸qs\ D½-d-t¯¡v B«nb s]®p-§-sfbpw ]´Â ]Wn XpS§n AhÀ¡n-S-bn X«n-X-S-bp¶ A¸p-hns\ hopw Ahn-Sp¶v HmSn-¡pt¼mgpw A¸p-hnsâ Nn´ apgp-h\pw Zmcn-Isâ Xe am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. AsX-§s\ sNcnªp? Cu tNmZyw B sIm¨p Xe-bn ]pI-ªpsIm-n-cp-¶p. Hcp ]s£ ]v AXp-m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ Ncn-ª-Xm-hmw. A¸p kzbw- k-am-[m-\n¨p. ]s£, ap¯-Èn-bpsS A½-¡p-t]mepw HmÀ½bn-Ãm¯v AXv.... Ah³ BsI `b-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. ]n¶o-Sh - sâ {i² apgp-h³ a¨nsâ hmXn¡-em-bn-cp-¶p. Bsc-¦nepw Xpd-¡p-¶ptm F¶pw t\¡n A¸p B CS-\m-gn-I-bn Xs¶ Ccn¸p-d¸ - n-¨p. AXv ASn¨p t\sc-bm-¡n-¡qsS? tImgnsb sIm¶m AXp icn-bm-Iptam? tNmZy-§Ä a\-Ên Db-cp-t¼mgpw A¸p Ft´m sXän²-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. tNmc Im `K-hX - n¡p kt´m-ja - m-hptam? Ah³ Hcp ]mSv HmÀ¯p Iq«n. ap¯Èn ]d-ª-Xn FÃmw ad-¶mepw KpcpXn Ah³ hn«n-«n-Ãmbn-cp-¶p. Ah³ t\tcm tImem-bn-te-t¡m-Sn. ap¯-Ñsâ ASp-s¯-¯nb DSs\ tNmZy-§Ä \nc¯n XpS-§n. ap¯-Ñm... tImgnsb F´n\m Igp¯v sh«vWv? GXv tImgn? ap¯Ñ³ Xncn¨p tNmZn-¨p. C¶v cm{Xn If-¯nev ]qP¡v sh«ntà tImgnsb AXn-s\.,
AXp `K-h-Xn¡p KpcpXn sImSp-¡p-I-bm-Sm, càw `K-h-Xn¡p henb Cãm. sNet¸m \½psS hn{K-l¯ - nse Zmcn-Isâ Xe Cu ]qP-tbmSp IqSn t\sc-bm-hpw. ap¯-ѳ Kuchw CÃmsX ]dªp. CXp tI«Xpw A¸p ASp-¡f - b - n-te-t¡m-Sn,-A½ - b - psS ASp-s¯¯n I®pw angn-¨n-cp¶ `b-t¯msS GtXm temI¯v I®pw \«n-cn-¡p¶ A¸p \nem-hn tim`n¨ apÃ-¸q-¡-sf-t]m Xnf-§n. sâ Ip«n t]Sn-¡-t«m A½ kabw kÔy Ign-bp-¶p. apä¯v Ifw Ahs\ kam-[m-\n-¸n¨p t]Sn amän XpS-§n.
hc¨p XpS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. If-¯nepÅ ]qPbv¡p ap¼pÅ a¨nse ]qPbpsS i_v Z w D½- d - ¯ n- c p¶ \maw sNmÃp¶ A¸p- h nsâ sNhn- b n F¯n-¨n-cp-¶p.
]ns¶ Ah³ ]Sn-¸p-c-bnepw apä¯pw Ipsd HmSn \S-¶p. F¦nepw Ahsâ a\-Ên hS-t¡m«v Xncnªv \n¡p¶ Zmcn-I³ ambmsX an¶n-ad - b - p-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. hopw Ah³ CS-\m-gn-Ib - n-te-t¡m-Sn. \msf AXp-t\-sc-bm-Iptam? C¶p cm{Xn Kpcp-Xn-tbmSp IqSn icn-bmIpw Ahsâ a\-Ên CXp am{X-ambn Nn´. h¶-h-tcm-sSÃmw Ah³ Hcp thcpI-Ä
60
]mSp a{´n-¨p. \msf sXm«v ZmcnIsâ Xe t\sc t\m¡pw, Ahsâ hm¡p-IÄ Bcpw {i²n¨n-Ã. a¨nse tZhnsb ImWm³ Ah\p sImXn-bm-bn. hÃy-ѳ hnf-¡nt\m F´nt\m thn a¨p Xpd- ¶ p. Ah³ HmSn- s b¯n t\m¡n. hmXn- e n \n¶m- s W¦nepw Ah\m Zmcn- I sâ Xe {i²n¨p sImt Ccp-¶p. hmfpw, ]cn- N bpw, ]m¼pw, iqe- h pw, \ndªp I¯p¶ Xq¡p hnf¡pw ap³`m-K-¯pÅ \ne-hn-f-¡p-Ifpw A¸p Cs¶- ´ n- s \- ¶ - d n- b msX {i²n- ¨ p. If- ¯ n tImgn ]nSªp sImÅp¶ cwKw A¸p Ct¸mtg Ip XpS-§n. Ah\p henb t]Sn- b m- W v. ]t tImgnsb sImÃp- ¶ - X v . Ah\mt\cw -cw-K-s¯-¡p-dn-t¨mÀ¯v Ct¸msg `bw hcp¯n XpS-§n. F¦nepw Ahsâ a\- Ê n henb kt´m-j-ap-v. KpcpXn ]qP Ign-ªm Zmcn-Isâ Xe t\sc t\m¡pw. AtXmSp IqSn Xd-hm-«nsâ FÃm {]iv\-§fpw HXp- § pw. sFiz- c yhpw IS¶p hcpw. `b-t¯m-sS-bm-sW-¦nepw Ah-s\m¶p Biz-kn-¨p Nncn-¨p. kabw kÔy Ign-bp-¶p. apä¯v Ifw hc¨p XpS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. If-¯n-epÅ ]qPbv¡p ap¼pÅ a¨nse ]qP-bpsS i_vZw D½-d¯n-cp¶ \maw sNmÃp¶ A¸phnsâ sNhn-bn F¯n-¨n-cp-¶p. Ahsâ a\-Ên \maw sNmÃp-¶Xnsâ Hcp {]Xo-Xnbpw Dm--bn-cp¶nÃ. t\sc \n¡p¶ Zmc-I\pw
B \S-¯¯ - n hoWp-cpp InS¶n-cp¶ \n-hh - n-f¡ - n A¸p Nhn«n-bX - pw \ndªp I¯p¶ \ne-hn-f¡nsâ ap¼n-te¡v A¸p aeÀ¶p hoWp.
Ddªp XpÅp¶ \m«p tImgnbpw am{Xw. ]qP Ignªp XpS§n. apäs¯ Ifhpw ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn. Xma-kn-bmsX KpcpXn ]qP-bv¡pÅ IÀ½-§Ä XpS-§pw. A¸p Duln-¨p. \maw sNmÃnXoÀ¶-]msS A½-bpsS ASp-t¯-t¡m-Snb A¸p A½-bpsS aSn-bn I®p angn-¨n--cp-¶p. KpcpXn ]qP-bv¡pÅ IÀ½-§Ä XpS§n Ign-ªp. F§pw sIm«pw taf-hpw. Ddªp XpÅp¶ tIma-ch - pw, `qXw sIm«n-bm-Sp-¶h - c - pw. A¸p H¶p I®p Xpd¶p Ip. Ah³ BsI H¶p `b-s¸-«p. A½-bpsS aSn-bn \n¶pw FWoäv D½-d-¸-Sn-bn I®pw s]m¯n-bn-cp-¶p. I-f¯n\p Npäpw HmSp¶ `qX-§-fpw tImachpw , ]qPm-cnbpw FÃmw A¸phnsâ a\-Ên \odn-sIm-n-cp-¶p. HSp-hn {]Xo-£n¨ Kpcp-Xn¡pw ka-b-am-bn. tImgnsb sImp hcp-¶Xp I A¸p CS\m-gn-I-bn-tet¡m-Sn. a¨v ]qP Ignªv AS-¨n--cp-¶p. Ah³ Npa-cn Nmcn \n¶p. `b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ Zr-iy-§Ä Ahs\ th«-bm-Sn--sIm-n-cp-¶p. Kpcp-Xn-bpsS `wKn-bn ebn-¨n-cp-¶-hÀ Bcpw A¸p-hns\ {i²n--¨n-Ã. sXmgp-ssI-Ifm \n¡p¶ Ahsâ A½-t]mepw Ahs\ t\m¡n-bn-Ã. ]qPm-cn-bpsS Iqh-epw, H¨bpw tIÄ¡p-¶p-v. KpcpXn sImSp-¡p-Ibm-Wv. ZmcnIsâ Xe-bpw, Ddªp XpÅp¶ tIm-gnbpw A¸p-hnsâ a\-Ên Xo ]nSn¨v \n¡p-¶ps¦nepw Hcp \n-anjw Ah³ asäm¶mWv Nn´n-¨-Xv. tImgn-bpsS càw hogp-t¼mgv Zmcn-I³ t\tc-t\m¡pw. A¸p , Zm-cn-Isâ Xe t\sc-bm-Ip-¶Xv ImWm³ Adn-bmsX s]s«¶v sImXn-¨p. Ah³ a¨n-te¡v \S¶p \o§n. a¨nsâ hmXn ]Xps¡ D´n Xpd-¶p. hÀ®-]q-cn-X-amb A´-co-£w. hnd-bp¶ Imep-I-fm Zmc-nIsâ Xe t\m¡n A¸p \S¶p \o§n. ]pd¯v tImgnsb Ad-¡p¶-Xpw, AXp ]nS-bp-¶X - pw, A\p-_Ô - s - Im«pw tafhpw A¸p tIÄ¡p¶p--mbn-cp-¶p. Zmcn-I³ t\sc t\m¡p-sa¶ {]Xo£ am{Xw DÅnsem-Xp¡n A¸p Zmcn-I-\n-te¡v t\m¡n \S¶p \o§n. B \S-¯-¯n hoWp-cpp InS-¶n-cp¶ \n-e-hn-f-¡n A¸p Nhn-«nb-Xpw \ndªp I¯p¶ \ne-hn-f-¡nsâ ap¼n-te¡v A¸p aeÀ¶p hoWp. Ah³ BÀ¯p hnfn-¨p. taf-§Ä apg-§n-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. KpcpXn Xocp-IbmW.v \m«p-tImgn If-¯n A´y-izmkw hen-¡p-¶p. thZ\sImp ]pf-bp¶ A¸p Xsâ t\À¡v Xncn-bp¶ Zmcn-Is\ t\m¡n hnSÀ¶ angn-I-fm aeÀ¶p InS-¶p. B Nph¶ A´-co£w \ndªp I¯p¶ Xq¡p hnf-¡p-I-fm \t¶ tim`n-¨p. iÐ-ap--Jc - n-Xa - m-b, kpK-Ô] - q-cn-Xa - mb Xd-hm-«p-apäw HcpIq«w `àÀ¡pap-¼n Bß-hn-izmkw \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p. hÀ®-i-_-f-amb Ifw t\m¡n ap¯Èn a\-ap-cpIn {]mÀ°n-¨p. Xd-hmSp tZmjw amdtW..... a¡Ä¡p \· hcp-t¯-tW... Kp-cpXn sImv Xr]vXn s]tS-W-ta.... thcpI-Ä
61
ADVT - 4
thcpI-Ä
62
cmtP-jv.-Fw. ss^\Â _n.tImw.
]dªp Xocm¯ IY-t]mse ]mSn Xocm¯ ]m«p-t]mse \o IS¶p t]mbn F¦nepw Nncm-Xn-bn \n¶pw sImfp-¯nb Zo]vX Pzme t]mse \nsâ HmÀa-IÄ Rm³ Gäp-hm-§p¶p F§ns\ Rm³ ]d-tbp F´p Rm³ ]d-tbq \osbs¶ Adn-ªo-Sp-hm³ \n³ lrZbw IhÀ¶o-Sp-hm³ \ob-Ãtbm F³ \n\-hp-I-fn Rm\n-Ãsbm \n³ I\-hp-If - n Fs¶ \n³ HmÀ½-IÄ ad¡pw ap¼v £Wn-¡nsà Fs¶ \n³ In\m-]´ - e - n \ns¶ F³ HmÀ½-IÄ ad¡pw ap¼v shSn-ªn-cn¡pw XoÀ¯pw Ah-sbs¶ Hmtcm-Im-äpw Fs¶ Xgp-Ip-t¼mÄ \obm-Ws - X¶p Rm³ \n\¨p shdp-sX.... shdp-sX..... sIm-Xn-¨p. \ns¶ ]pW-cp-hm³ HmSn-b-W-ª-t¸mÄ Fs¶ ]pW-cmsX IS-¶p-t]m-bh Hmtcm amcnbpw F¶n s]bvXn-d-§p-t¼mÄ, \obm-Ws - X¶p Rm³ \n\¨p shdpsX .... shdp-sX.... sImXn-¨p. \ns¶ Adn-bp-hm³ HmSn-bW - ª t- ¸mÄ Fs¶ Adn-bmsX IS-¶p-t]m-bhþ cdn-ªns«m Ch-sbm¶pw Adn-bm-ªns«m \S-¶I - e - p-Ib - msWm \o... F¶n \n¶pw Hcp \nan-j-sa-¦nepw \o Fs¶ Adn-ªn-cp-s¶-¦n Hcp am{X-sb-¦nepw \osbs¶ {]W-bn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦n Hcp h«w......... Hcp h«w am{Xw Xncnªp \o t\m¡pI! C\n-bpÅ P·w Hma-\n-¡m³ Im¯n-cn-¡m³ \n\-¡mbv IcpXn shbv¡m³ shdp-sX... shdpsX HmÀ-¯n-cn-¡m³!
hnc-lmÀ{Z kvarXn-IÄ
thcpI-Ä
63
kem-lp-±o³ ss^\Â _n. F. Cw¥ojv
Alnwk ]c-tam-[À½w B[p-\nI Ime-L«w hnhc kmt¦-Xn-I-X-bpsS D¯pwK t{iWn-bnse¯n \n¡p-¶p. Ime-L-«-¯nsâ A\n-krq-Xamb {]hm-l-¯n t\Sn-sb-Sp¯ kwkvIm-cnI aqey-§Ä \ã-s¸-Sp-¶ptm? cm{ã-¯nsâ sNt¦m A[mÀ½n-I-X-bp-sSbpw A\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw X«-I-¯n ]Wb-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«ptm? Bi-¦b -- psS apÄ ap\-bn \nÀ¯p¶ A\-h[n tNmZy-§Ä ic-th-K-¯n Xd-¡p-¶p. Bdp ]Xn-äm-p-IÄ¡p ap³]v kqcy-\-kvX-an-¡m¯ {_n«ojv km{amPy- ¯ nsâ A[o- \ - X - b n sImSpw- { Iq- c - X - I Ä¡n- S - b n `mc- X ob kwkvIrXn XIÀ¶p sImn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ cmPy-¯nsâ {]iv\§ - Ä¡v ]cn-lm-ca - mb Hcp hyàn cwK-{]-th-iw sNbvXp. IqsS al-¯mb Hcp ktµ-ihpw AsX, `mc-Xob Ncn-{X-¯n X¦-en-]n-If - m Bte-J\w sN¿-s¸« \maw þ cmjv{S-]n-Xmhv amlm-ßm-Km-Ôn, Alnwk kn²m´-hp-ambn temIs¯ DWÀ¯nb KmÔn-Pn.
cm{ãobw, Im¼-kn F¶Xv Hcp NÀ¨-mhn-j-b-ambn XoÀ¶ Ah-Øbn hfÀ¶p hcp¶ Xe-ap-d¡v amÀ¤ ZÀin-bmbn Hcpcm-{ão-b-]-IzX-bpÅ t\Xm-hns\ Is-¯m³ \ap¡v Ign-bptam?
temI¯v A\o-Xn-bpsS Ic-§Ä iàn {]m]n-¨t- ¸mÄ im´n-bpsS a{´-hp-ambn ASn-a¯ - ¯ - n-s\-Xnsc s]mcp-Xnb `mc-Xob kzmX{´y kacw hyXykvXamIp-¶X - n-hn-sS-bm-Wv. cmw temI alm-bp² Ime-L-«-¯n \Sp-¡p¶ HmÀ½-I-fp-ambn temIw Zn\-cm-{X-§Ä XÅn \o¡p-t¼mÄ `mc-X¯ - nsâ a®n asämcp Ncn{Xw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. Alnw-k-bn-e-[n-jvTnX-amb Hcp kacw temI-¯n\v amXr-Ib - m-bn. thcpI-Ä
64
At\Iw {]iv \ - § Ä¡n- S - b n AÔX \Sn-¡p¶ am\-h-Ip-e¯nsâ im´ k¼qÀ®- X ¡v A\n-hm-cy-amWv Alnw-k. \qämpIÄ¡v ap³]v h\m-´c - §-fn A]-cn-jvIr-Xn-bpsS {]Xncq- ] - h p- a mbn Pohn¨n- c p¶ a\pjy³ kz´w hyh-lm-c-§Ä-¡n-Sbn A]- c \v Øm\- a n- à m¯ {]mNo\ Ncn{Xw hr£- i n- J - c ¯n kÃ- ] n¨p sImn- c p¶ {Iu© anYp-\-§-fn-sem¶v h\th-Ssâ At¼äv ]nS-bp¶ ImgvN Iv BZn Ihn hmÂaoIn ]mSn. am\n-jmZ. AsX, kwkvIr-XnbpsS BZym-£cw XpS-§p-¶Xv A\o-Xn-s¡-Xn-sc-bpÅ {]Xn-I-cW- a m- b m- W v , A\o- X n- s ¡- X n- s cbpÅ ]S-hm-fm-bm-Wv.
km£c tIc-f¯ - nsâ ØnXn lnwk-bpsS A£-c` - m-hs¯ {]I-Sa - m¡p-¶p. cm{ã-\m-b-I³am-cpsS Alnw-k-bpsS ktµiw kzmb-¯-am-¡p¶ hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS Acm-P-IXzw; \nb-a-¯nsâ ImhÂ`-S-\mbn {]iv\§Ä¡n-Sb - n-  [oc-\mbn CS-s]« Hcp t]meo-kp-Im-csâ ac-Ww, tIcfob Ncn-{X-¯n³ ambv¡m-\m-hm¯ Idp¯ ]mSmbn Ah-ti-jn-¡pI - a - mbn Xs¶ sN¿pw. cm{ãobw Im¼-kn F¶Xv Hcp NÀ¨-mhn-jb XoÀ¶ Ah-Ø-bn hfÀ¶p hcp¶ Xe-ap-d¡v amÀ¤ ZÀin-bmbn Hcpcm-{ão-b] - I - z-Xb - pÅ t\Xm-hns\ Is-¯m³ \ap¡v Ign-bptam? AsX, AXp-X-s¶-bmWv B[p-\nI Im¼-kn Acm-P-IXzw hf-cp¶-Xn\v \nZm-\w. kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-f-¯nsâ \Sp-hn k¶n-th-in-¡-s¸« A{Ia cm{ãobw s]menª Pohsâ hne-bd - n-bm-sX, I®p-m-bn«pw ImgvN \jvSs - ¸« AhØ. cIvX] - ¦ - n-ea - mb Hcp \mSnsâ tamN-\¯ - n F{X cm¸-I-ep-IÄ Im¯n-cn-¡Ww.
Alnw-k-bpsS Ic-§Ä¡v iàn ]I-cp-hm³ temI cmã-§-fpsS sFIyw AXy-´m-t]-£n-Xa - m-Wv. temI kam-[m-\¯ - nsâ ktµ-ih - ml-Ic - mbn \ne-sIm-Åp-¶s - Xms¡ km{am-Py-Xz-¯nsâ hmIvXm-¡f - m D³aq-e\w sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ ImgvNbmWv C¶v. H¶mw-temI alm-bp-²mi{Xp-hnsâ ap¼nepw ]X-dm¯ \-´cw cq]w {]m]n¨ eoKv Hm^v t\j³kns\ asämcp alm-bp-²ka- c - h o- c y- t ¯msS Pohn¨ ¯nsâ hn¯p ]mInb Ncn-{X-am-Wp-ÅX - v. hÀ¯-am-\I - m-e¯v sFIy- I - Ä \mamcm-{ã-kw-L-S-\-Isf t]mepÅ temI kam-[m\ kwL-S\ temI-¯nsâ ssZ\w-Zn\ NÀ¨-I- h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-¡p-¶p. temI-¯nsâ ssZ\w-Zn\ NÀ¨-I-fn fn kPoh km¶n²y-am-bn-cp¶ kPoh km¶n²y-am-bn-cp¶ sFIy-cm{ã kwL-S\Isf t]mepÅ sFIy-cm{ã kwL-S\Isf t]mep temI kam-[m\ kwL-S-\-IÄ \mam-h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-¡p-¶p. temI-¯nsâ ssZ\w-Zn\ NÀ¨-If - n kPoh km\n-²a - m-bn-cp¶ sFIyÅ temI kam-[m\ kwL-S\ - I - Ä cm{ã kwL-S-\-bpsS \maw t]mepw C¶v tIÄ¡p-¶nà F¶Xv \mam-h-ti-j-ambn sImn-cn-¡p- AXnsâ ]X-\s¯ hnfn-t¨m-Xp-¶p.
¶p.
tZiob t\Xm-¡³amÀ, \thm°m\ \mb- I À ]S- s X- f n- b n¨ ]mX, Alnw-kb - psS ]mX-bm-Wv. F¶m \nÊmc {]iv\-§-fpsS t]cn amcm-Im-bp-[-§-fp-ambn \nc- ] - c m- [ n- I sf D³aq- e \w sN¿p¶ B[p-\nI a\p-jycn \n¶pw D¶-X-sc¶v kzbw \Sn¡p¶ \mw Gähpw henb lnt¸m{Im-ä-ÃmsX asä-´m-Wv. temIw hopw lnwk-bpsS ]mX apdpsI ]nSn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. hÀ¯am\ Ime kw`-h§ - Ä AXv sXfnbn-¡p-¶p. ssZh-¯nsâ kz´w \mSmbn KWn-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ kpµc
hmbp-hpw, shÅ-hpw, ]mÀ¸n-S-hp-sa¶ a\p-jysâ tIh-e-amb Bhiy-§Ä t]mepw \ncm-Ic - n-¡s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ, AsÃ-¦n ImWn-söv \Sn¡p-t¼mÄ temIw aäp NÀ¨-IÄ¡v P·w \ÂIn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶p. BW- h m- b p[ \nÀ½mW cwK¯v iIv X n {]m]n- ¡ p- h m³ Hmtcm cm{ãhpw aÕ-cn-¡p-¶p. aäp cm{ã-§-fXv A[o-\-Xn-bn kz´w aqey§Ä hn¡- s ¸- S p- ¶ - X - d n- b msX AÔ- c m- ¡ - s ¸- S p¶ `cW ]cnjvIÀ¯m-¡Ä asämcp temI alm-bp-²-¯nsâ ap¼n-te¡v \bn-¡s¸-Sp¶ B[p-\nI temIm-{Iaw. C\bpw Hcq alm-bp²w Xm§m\pÅ tijn temI-¯n\ptm? AsX, \ap¡v Alnw-kb - psS ]mX apdpsI ]nSn-¡mw. Alnw-kb - psS {]hm-NI - \ - mbn temIw BZcn-¡p¶ \½psS cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hnsâ kz]v\§Ä¡v hne-§p-XS- n-bmhmsX temI-cm-jv{S-§fpsS sFIy-¯n\pw D¶a-\-¯n\pwthn bXv\n¡mw. ip`-Nn-´-I-fp-ambn \msf-bpsS kz]v\w Ip-W-cp¶ ]n©p-Ip-ªp-§f - p-v,- \n-jvIf - ¦ P³a-§f - p-v, Pohn-¡m-\pÅ AhIm-i¯ - n\v amÀ¤XSÊw \n¡msX Hcp-an¨p t]mcmSmw. ssZhw A\p{K-ln-¡-s« þ Pbv `mc-Xv. thcpI-Ä
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\nXn³ BâWn IIIrd B.A. English
\ns¶bpw Im¯v... Hcp ]qhn-\mbv sImXn¨p Rms\³ Iuam-c¯ - n ]pXp hk-´-¸p-ecn hnf§pw hmSn-I-bn-se¯n FhnsS \osb³ ]pjv]I - p-amcn F\n-¡mbv hncn-ªs - b³ kpIp-amcn lm Ip Rms\³ ]pjv]d - m-Wnsb \b-\-a-t\m-l-cn-bm-sa³ tZh-Xsb \n³ kuµcysa-¶n Pzc-ambv ]S-csh HmSn-bS- p¯p Rm³ kz´-am-¡n-Sp-hm³ a\-sa³ ssII-If - n sh¨p Rm³ \n¶psS amZ-IK - Ô - a - m-kz-Zn-¡m³ Xp\n-bsh lm ]qsh Im«p ]qsh \n³ KÔ-an-s¶-hnsS? NXn-¨pthm \osbs¶ \n³ amZ-Ik - u-µc - y-¯nÂ! BZym-\p-cm-K-¯n³ A]-am-\-taäp Rm³ XoÀ¯pw \ncm-i\ - mbv \S-¶I - ¶ - o-Sth F¯n-sb³ \mkn-Ib - n bpK-§f - mbv Rm³ Xncª kuc`yw ]dbq Imtä Fhn-sSbm kpc-`ne dmWn Ip Rms\³ ]pjv] tZh-Xsb aXn-a-d¶p \n¶p Rm\m hmSn-I-bn \n³ anX-ku-µ-cyhpw a\w-a-b¡pw kpK-Ôhpw F¶n ]SÀs¶s¶ hncnªp apdp-¡th F³ tXmfn-tetXm _enjvT Ic-§Ä ]Xnªp Iq, Rm\m Ac shfn-¨-¯n t\m«-¡m-csâ {Iqc-\-b-\§ - Ä Fs¶ hnSq Im]m-enIm F\n¡p thW-sa³ kpa-dm-Wnsb Ah-fn-Ãm-sX-bn-¶n\n F\n-¡n-sÃmcp PohnXw KZvKZ-I-WvT-\mbv Ccp-fn X¸n-X-S-bth F¶p-Ån \ndªp \n³ kuc`yw Cf¦mänt\m-Smbv samgnªp Rm³ ZqXn-\mbv F\n-¡mbv Im¯n-cn-¡ntà \o?
thcpI-Ä
66
tkmWn BâWn ^Ìv _n. tImw.
B[p-\n-IX Ac§p hmgp-t¼mÄ
Xnc-t¡mSv Xnc¡v H¶p \n¶p Xncn-bm³ t]mepw BÀ¡pw t\c-anÃ
F\n¡v Ftâ- X mb Imgv N - ¸ m- S p- I fpw PohnX e£y-§fpw Dv. AXn-\n-Sb - n Npäp-ap-Å-h-cpsS Imcy-§Ä At\z-jn¡m\pw Ah-cpsS thZ-\-bpw, s\m¼-c§fpw I- d nªv klm- b n- ¡ m\pw F\n¡v Fhn-Sp¶m ka-bw.
B[p-\nI Pohn-X-¯nsâ apJ-ap-{Z-bmb Xnc¡p ]nSn¨ Npäp-]m-SpIsf C¶mÀ¡pw Ah-K-Wn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Iq«p-Ip-Spw_ Pohn-Xhpw {KmaoW ku`m-Ky-§fpw H¸w t]mb Xe-ap-db - n \n¶v ]IÀ¶p In«nb _-Ô-§-fpsS thcp-d-¸pw, kvt\l-¯nsâ am[p-cy-hpw, ]hn{X-amb BNm-c-\pjvTm-\-§-fpw, FÃm-än-\p-]-cn-bmbn hne-a-Xn-¡m-\mhm¯ apJ-[\ - s - a¶v ]g-a¡ - mÀ Ime-§f - mbn IcpXnt¸m¶ ]mc-¼cyhpw tNmÀ¶p t]mIp¶ Hcp hÀ¯am\ kml-N-cy-¯n-emWv \mw C¶p Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv.
lmbv kpJ-atà C§s\ Hcp Ipiew ]d-b ltem {^v KpUvtam-WnwKv (KpUv Cuh-\nw-Kv) C§s\ Hc-`n-hmZyw
t]ms«Sm ]ns¶ ImWmw C§s\ Hcp hnS hm§Â Xm³¦vkv C§s\ Hcp \µn {]I-S\w thcpI-Ä
67
kmc-anà FÃmw icn-bm-Ip-saSm C§s\ Hcm-iz-kn-¸n-¡Â
XoÀ¯pw bm{´n-Ih - pw, {]I-S\ - ] - c-hpw, Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb Ipd¨p ]Z-§-fpsS Hcp kt½-f\w am{Xambn \½psS kvt\l _Ô-§Ä ]cn- W - a n- ¡ p- ¶ p. _Ô- § - f psS Cuän-Ãhpw t]män-Ãh - p-amb ssZh¯nsâ kz´w \m«nse {]P-IfpsS FÃm hnIm-c§ - fpw ac-hn-¸nsâ-Xmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \nÊwK-X-bpw, \nÀhn-Im-c-Xbpw H¸w B[p- \ nI a\p- j ysâ kzmÀ°Xbp-sSbpw ]cn-Wn-X-^e-amWv B Zpc-´-¯n\v \nZm-\w. kz´-¯n-te¡v Npcp-§n-t¸mbn B[p-\nI a\p-jy³ Hä-bm³amcmbn HXp-§n--¡q-Sm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-
Hcm-tfmSv H¶p ann-bm B GXm\pw hm¡p- I - f n \n¶v F\n¡v F´p t\Sm-\m-hpw. H¶p Nncn-¨m B Nncn-s¡´p In«pw. Hmtcm \nan-j¯ - n \n¶pw F{X k¼m-Zn¡mw F¶n-§-s\-bmWv C¶s¯ IW-¡p-Iq-«-ep-I-fpsS BsI XpI.
§Ä At\z-jn-¡m\pw Ah-cpsS thZ-\b - pw, s\m¼-c§ - fpw I-dnªv klm-bn-¡m\pw F\n¡v Fhn-Sp¶m ka-bw. Fsâ hne-s¸« kabw em`-an-Ãm¯ {]hÀ¯n-IÄ¡mbn amän-sh-bv¡m³ F\n¡v kuI-cyan-Ã. Ipdª ka-b¯ - n-\p-Ån F{X k¼m-Zn-¡m³ Ign-bp-tam, A{Xt¯mfw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I. Hcm-tfmSv H¶p ann-bm B GXm\pw hm¡p-I-fn \n¶v F\n¡v F´p t\Sm-\m-hpw. H¶p Nncn-¨m B Nncn-s¡´p In«pw. Hmtcm \nan-j-¯n \n¶pw F{X k¼m-Zn¡mw F¶n-§-s\-bmWv C¶s¯ IW-¡p-Iq-«-ep-I-fpsS BsI XpI. C¶nsâ temI-¯n t\«-§Ä sIm¿m³ Ign-bp¶ {]hÀ¯n-IÄ¡p t\sc am{Xw I®p Xpd-¡m\mWv B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS k´-Xn-IÄ¡v IqSp-X Cãw. ktlm-Z-csâ I®o-cpw, s\m¼-c-§-fpw ImWm³ Ign-bm-¯-hn[w {Iqchpw ITn-\-hp-am-bn-t¸m-bn-cn-¡p¶p \½psS lrZ-b-§Ä. kvt\l¯n-sâbpw Imcp-Wy-¯n-sâ-bpw, BÀ{Z-X-bp-sSbpw hnZq-c-amb Hcp km¶n²yw t]mepw C¶v \½psS lrZ-b§ - Ä¡nÃ. DÅp Xpd-s¶m¶v Nncn-¡m-t\m, a\-Êd - nªv Nncn-¡mt\m Ign-bmsX B[p-\nI a\p-jy³ Xsâ ssZ\w Zn\ PohnXw XÅn-\o-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. _²¸mSp \nd-ªXpw hnc-k-hpw, Akz-Ø-hp-ambn a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯n \n¶v \njvI-f-¦amb Hcp ]p©ncn t]mepw amªp t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ad-nbm³, ]¦p shbv¡m³, kvt\ln-¡m³ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡m³, \s½¯s¶ kaÀ¸n-¡m-\p-ÅX - mWo Pohn-Xw. ImcWw Pohn-Xs - a¶ at\ml-chpw AÛp-X-I-c-hp-amb Cu A\p-`hw Ft¸m-gmWv Ah-km-\n-¸n¡pI F¶Xv \ap-¡-Úm-X-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Ft¸mÄ GXp \nanjhpw AXp kw`-hn-¡mw. AXn-\m ]n¶n-Sp¶ Hmtcm¶pw IcpXtemsS ssIImcyw sN¿-Ww. \ap¡pw aäp-Å-hÀ¡pw Hcp t]mse {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-hp-am-bn-cn-¡Ww \½psS Pohn-Xw. CXp Xs¶-bmWv ssZhhpw B{K-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.
A\p-`h - n¨pw Bkz-Zn-¨p-ad - n-bpI Pohn-X¯ - nse Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXv X- c mb kmlNcyw F- ´ m- b n- ]eXpw hnkva-bIc-am-I-W-sa-¶n-Ã. Nne-t¸mÄ shdpw \nÊm-c-X-IÄ cn¡mw? BImw. \nÊm-c-X-IÄ¡pw AXn-sâ-Xmb kuµ-cy-ap-v. AXv Cfw kXy-¯n\pw, \oXn¡pw, [À½- Imän ac-¨n-Ã-I-fp-XnÀ¡p¶ Ze-aÀ½-c-am-hmw, AsÃ-¦n ]pe-cn-sh¯n\pw t\cn« tim-jW - hpw AS- «-¯n inin-c-Imew s]mgn-¡p¶ \\p¯ Ce-IÄ `qansb Npw_n§m¯ BVw-_-c-{`-ahpw ]W- ¡p¶ BÀ{Zamb ImgvNb - m-hmw. t¯m-SpÅ AXymÀ¯nbpw IqsS AXn-\m I®pw a\-Êpw, ImXpw Npäp-]m-Sp-If - n-te¡v Xpd-¶p-sh-bv¡pB[p- \ nI a\p- j y\v ImgvN I. a\p-jy³ ,km-aqly Pohn-bm-Ip-¶p. Ah\p Npäpw _Ô§fpw \ÂIp¶ I¨-h-S-I-®p-Ifpw I¨- IS-¸m-Sp-Ifpw ASp-¸§ - fpw D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xz-§fpw Dv. Cu bmYmÀ°yhS hÂIrX am\-knI LS-\b - pw. amWv \mw C¶v Xncn-¨d - n-bmsX t]mIp-¶X - v. AXv sImp Xs¶
IS-¸m-Sp-I-fn \n¶pw D¯-c-hmZn-Xz-§-fn \n¶pw HmSn-sbm-fn¡p¶ ]pXp Xe-ap-dbv¡v a\p-jyXz- ¯ nsâ FÃm `mh- § fpw A\ym-[o-\s - ¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. F\n¡v Ftâ- X mb Imgv N - ¸ m- S p- I fpw PohnX e£y-§fpw Dv. AXn\n-S-bn Npäp-ap-Å-h-cpsS Imcy-
\½psS FÃm hnIm-c-§fpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-X-bn HXp-§p-¶Xpw.
DÅnsâ Df-fn \n¶v ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-t¡ kvt\l-ku-lmÀ±-§fpw kt´mj kl-I-c-W-§fpw sImSp-¡epw hm§epw Pohn-Xs¯ AÀ°-]qÀ®-hpw, {]Xo-£-m\nÀ`-c-hpw, DÕm-l-]qÀ®hpw B¡n¯oÀ¡p-¶p. Cu alm kXy¯n\p t\sc \ap¡v ImtXmÀ¡mw....
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SANDEEP. C. IIIrd B.A.English
Beggining.......and......Ending Good morning ! Is it raining hard? My maiden question to my newfriend. She kept a smiling face, Her shy face gave me, A kind of thrill spride Since it was my first experience I failed to talk a great deal I slowly started to speak sense & nonsense, To catch her attention for sure Her face was chaming and beautiful Her eyes expressed that she was shy I felt the same emotions While I was talking to my friend, A friend of mine, also interested, In ber friendship Began to express his thoughts in swift volleys, I felt irritated by his presense While we were showing our Enthuciasm and eagrness to get, Her companionship and love, A taxi came sailing by And she managed to stop that taxi, She said good bye to us With a zuizzical smile
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69
amK-kn³ kan-Xn
Ifn-a-®n hmÀs¯-Sp-¡p¶ Pohn-X-§Ä
a¬]m{X \nÀ½mW¯nsâ DÄIm-gvNI - Ä tXSn R§Ä F¯n-bXv XqX-bnse a¬]m{X \nÀ½mW tImf-\n-bn-em-Wv. AhnsS R§Ä ZÀin-¨Xv hn[nsb ]gn¨v I®o-cn Ign-bp¶ Pohn-X§ - s- f-bà - , adn¨v Ime-¯n-s\m¸w a¬]m-{X-§f- neqsS Pohn-Xk - z-]v\§ - Ä hmÀs¯-Sp-¡p¶ P\-Xs- b-bm-Wv. a¬]m{X \nÀ½mW-¯nsâ kq£vaX - e - § - s- f-¡p-dn-¨d- n-bm³ R§Ä BZyw ]Sn-Ibdn sN¶Xv s]m¶q«n F¶bmfpsS ho«n-te-¡m-Wv. Adp-]X - n-t\m-SS- p-¯ {- ]m-bw, apdp¡n Nph¶ Npp-IÄ, ]mXn \c¨ Xe-bn ]Ip-Xnbpw Ijn I¿-S¡ - n-bn-cn¡p-¶p. hmÀ²Iyw Xon-bn-«n-Ãm¯ sab-v¡c - p-¯pw, ]c-¼c - m-KX - a - mbn In«nb ssienbpw s]m¶q-«n-bpsS a¬]m{X \nÀ½m-W¯ - n hfsc {]I-Sw. Ifn-a¬ ASn¨v N{I-¯n sh¨v ]m{X-¯nsâ BIr-Xn-bn-se-Sp-¯v, Nqf-bnÂsh¨v DW¡n \ndw sImSp¯v DW-¡n-bm In«p¶ `wKn aäp tImf-\n-bn t]mepw ImWm³ Ign-bn-söv ]d-bp-t¼mÄ s]m¶q«n-bpsS apJ¯v Xnf-¡w. a¬]m- { X- § Ä Ip«- b n- e m¡n sImv \S¶v hn¡pI F¶ k¦Â]¯n \n¶pw ChÀ hf-sc-tbsd ap³t]m-«p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¶v I®qÀ, tImgn-t¡m-Sv, ]me-¡m-Sv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw C§s\ tIc-f¯nsâ FÃm-`m-K§ - f - n-te¡pw Ibän Ab-¡m-dmWv ]Xn-hv. a¬]m{X \nÀ½n-Xn-¡pÅ Ifn-a¬ hcp-¶Xv ]«m-¼n-bn \n¶m-Wv. Hcp temUv Ifn-a-®n\v 4000/þ cq] hsc C-hÀ \ÂIp-¶p. ASp-¡-f-bn ÌoenthcpI-Ä
70
BtcmSpw ]cn-`h - § - f- n-ÃmsX ]cm-Xnbn-ÃmsX Chcpw Pohn-¡p-¶p, ITn\m- ² zm\w sN¿p¶p A¶- s ¯ A¶-¯n\p thn. sâbpw Aep-an-\n-b-¯n-sâbpw ]m{X- § - f psS IS- ¶ p- I - b äw a¬]m{X \nÀ½n-Xn-IÄ¡v H«pw Xs¶ £oWw hcp-¯n-bn-«n-söv s]m¶q- « n. cq]- ` w- K n- b p- Å - X pw, tIm«- § - f n- à m- ¯ - X p- a mb a¬ DÂ]- ¶ - § Ä¡v C¶v h- f sctbsd hnÂ]\ \S-¡p-¶p-s¶mWv s]m¶q- « n- b psS ]£w. ]©m--b ¯n \n¶pw In«p¶ B\p-Iq-ey-§s - f-Ip--dn-¨pÅ tNmZy¯n\v s]m¶q«n tcmjm-Iq-e-\mbn. Idn\v thn At]£
sImSp¯n«v cv hÀjw Ign-ªp. CXp-hsc H¶p-am-bn-«n-Ã. C§s\ ]©m- b ¯pw `c- W - I q- S hpw X§Äs¡- X nsc ImWn- ¡ p¶ Ah- K - W - \ - s b- ¡ p- d n¨p ]d- b pt¼mÄ s]m¶q-«n-bpsS I®n I¯p-¶Xv AaÀj-¯nsâ XoPzme-bm-Wv. hfsc sNdp--¸¯n Xs¶ Ifna¬ ]m{X-§-fpsS \nÀ½mWw ]Tn- ¡ - W - s a¶pw s]m¶q- « n, ImcWw Hcp {]mb-sa-¯n-bm ]Tn-¡pI hfsc {]bm-kI - c - a - m-Wv. ]pXnb Xe-apd Cu sXmgn-en \n¶pw hyXn- N - e n¨v t]mIm³ hym{KX Im«p-¶p-sh-¦nepw Cu sXmgn A[zm-\n-¨m em`-I-c-
amsW¶mWv s]m¶q-«n-bpsS A`-n{]mbw. s]m¶q-«n-bpsS ho«n \n¶pw ]ns¶ R§Ä sN¶Xv A¸q«n F¶bmsf ]cn-Nb - s - ¸-Sm-\m-Wv. A¸q«n bphm-hm-Wv. hfsc sNdp-¸¯ - n Xs¶ Cu taJ-en-bn-te¡v h¶-bmÄ. kv{XoIÄ¡v Cu cwK-t¯¡v hcm³ Ign-bn-sÃ-¶mWv A¸q-«n-bpsS ]£w. ImcWw hf-sc-tbsd sabvI-cp¯v th tPmen-bm-Wn-Xv. A¸q«n ]d-bp¶p cmhnse apX cm{Xn-hsc a¬]m{X \nÀ½m-W-¯n GÀs¸-«m _m¡n-bmhp-¶Xv ]pdw thZ\ am{Xw. Cu Iebv¡v Gähpw A[nIw thXv `mh-\bpw, a®nsâ IW-¡p-am-Wv. shÅ-¡mÀ ]v a¬]m-{X-\nÀ½mWw \S- ¯ n- b - t ¸mÄ AhÀ¡v ]ng- ¨ Xv N{I- ¯ n \n¶pw DS- b msX \nÀ½nXn FSp-¡p-¶n-S¯ - mWv F¶v A¸q«n ]d-bp-t¼mÄ R§Ä Ncn{X-kva-c-W-IÄ¡mbn ImtXmÀ¯p. en]n-bn-Ãm¯ {]tXy-I-Xcw `mjbpw BNm- c - \ p- j v T m- \ - § fpw DÅ Cu hÀ¤w C¶pw B kwkvImcw Im¯p kq£n-¡p-¶p. Xsâ a¡-sfbpw Cu cwK-t¯¡v sImp-h-cm-\mWv A¸q-«n¡v XmÂ]-cyw. Hcp Znhkw Fgp-]-¯©v ]m{X-§Ä hsc \nÀ½n-¡p-sa-¦nepw Ce-Iv{SnIv N{I-§Ä¡v hne hfsc IqSp-Xe - m-bX - p-sIm-mWv ]c-¼c - m-KX - c - o-Xn-bn-epÅ N{I-§Ä D]-tbmKn-¡p-¶s - X¶v A¸q-«n. a¬ DÂ]-¶§ - f - psS \nÀ½nXn ]qÀ®-ambn
F¶v ]d-bW - s - a-¦n Nqf-bn shs¨-Sp-¯X - n-\p-tijw am{Xsa km[n¡q. ImcWw NIn-cn-bmWv Nqf-bn I¯n-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶X - v. NqSnsâ tXmXv hf-sc-Iq-Sn-bmepw Ipd-ªmepw a¬]m-{X-§Ä s]m«nt]m-Im-dp-v. Nne-t¸mÄ ]Ip-Xn-bn-te-sdbpw s]m«n-t]m-Im-dp-v. Nqfbn sh¡p-t¼m-gmWv `mKy-hpw, ssZh-I-Sm-£hpw th-sX¶v ChÀ ]d-bp-¶p. C§s\ Nqf-bn sh¨v \ndw sImSp¯ ]m{X-§-fn an\n¡p ]Wn-IÄ \S¯p-¶Xv ho«nse kv{XoI-fm-Wv.s - h-Åmcw IÃpsImv Dckn \nd-sa-gpIn ]m{Xs¯ IqSp-X tim`-bm-¡p-¶XnepÅ kv{Xo-If - psS ]¦v hfsc {]m[m-\a - m-Wv. B tImf-\n-bnse ]Xn-s\m¶p hoSp-If - n ]¯p hoSp-If - n-sebpw PohntXm-]mZn Cu Ifn-a¬ \nÀ½n-Xn-IÄ Xs¶. BtcmSpw ]cn-`-h-§-fnÃmsX ]cm-Xn-bn-ÃmsX Chcpw Pohn-¡p-¶p, ITn-\m-²zm\w sN¿p¶p A¶-s¯ A¶-¯n\p thn.... Cu P\-Xb - psS ZpxJ-hpw, kt´m-jhpw, AaÀjhpw, {]Xo-£b - p-saÃmw - - \n `{Zw. Ifn-a® - n \n¶pw ChÀ hmÀs¯Ipe-ssZ-ha - mb amcn-b½ Sp¡p¶ Hmtcm Ifn-a¬ ]m{Xhpw Ch-cpsS \msf-bpsS kz]v\§ - f - mWv, {]Xo-£I - f - m-Wv....... thcpI-Ä
71
cmlpÂ. ]n.hn ¹kv Sp (lyp-am-\n-äo-kv)
HmÀ½ GIm-´X - b - n F\n¡v Iq«mbv Hcp-\m-fn HmÀ½-IÄ h¶-Wªp \·-bn kvt\l-ambn hnc-l-¯n³ tX§-embv Ah F¶n Ft¶m Aenªv tNÀ¶p PohnX hoYn-bn GtXm \nan-j-¯n HmÀ½-IÄ F¶n XIÀ¶-Snªp hm¡m {]hr-¯n-bm H¯ncn Rms\³ HmÀ-½I - sf ]nSn¨p \nÀ¯n Fsâ Ic-§Ä X³ iàn XfÀ¶p t]mbv HmÀ½-IÄ F¶n kzX-{´-bmbn Ft¶m Hcp \mfn F³ a\-t¡m-«-bn GtXm \ng-embv \o h¶p tNcpw F¶nse HmÀ½-IÄ \ntâ-Xm¡n Fsâ PohnXw \ntâ-Xm¡n GI\mbv GIm-´-bm-a-§-fn HmÀ½-IÄ F¶n Xfn-cn-Sp¶p HmÀ½-IÄ Fs¶ ]pWÀ¶n-Sp-¶p, P³aw-ap-gp-h\ - pw.
]peÀImew
k^q-d. sI.-]n. sk¡â v _n.F C¡--tWm-an-Ikv
s]m¶n³ aWn-IÄ DXnÀ¯Xp t]mse aRvPna tXSpam ]peÀImew s]m¶n³ civan-IÄ ]mªv hcp¶p N´-sam-Sn-§s\ s]¿p¶p _Ôp-c-amIpw s]m³Xn-cn-IÄ `qan-be - msI ]Scp¶p kky-e-Xm-Zn-IÄ an¶n-¯n-f§n aqSÂa-ª-n³ XpÅn-IÄ shÅn-¸«- n³ Ik-hp-IÄ t]mse an¶n-¯n-f§n ae-\n-c-IÄ \n{Z-bn-emgv¶ ]pjv]-e-Xm-Zn-IÄ XpSp-Xp-sS-bmbn I¬ Xpd¶p Ie-]n-e-I-e-]ne iÐ-sam-gp¡n ]£n-IÄ ]mdn Xoä-¡mbv aRvPn-a-btÃm ]peÀImew _Ôp-c-atÃm ]peÀImew. thcpI-Ä
72
Cu thcp-IÄ C¶v \nÀÖo-h-§-fm-Wv. a®n \n¶v hen-s¨-Sp-¡m-\mbv H¶pw Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã. Cu ac-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ C¶v ImtXmÀ¡p-¶Xv Infn-\m-Z-§Ä¡-Ã. adn-¨v, a®n s]m«p¶ Dd-h-bpsS iÐ-¯n-\m-Wv.
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73
thcpI-Ä
74
th\ Ah-km-\n-¡m-dmbn, agbv¡v sNdnb Hcp km[y-X. ag-¡m-dp-apv. sNdnb Hcp sX¶-en-t\m-sSm¸w Hcp A¸q-¸³ XmSn Ah-fpsS apJ¯p h¶p Ccp½n \n¶p.
ac-§-sfm¶pw ajn-bn«v sXsc-ªmÂt¸mepw ImWm¯ ChnsS F§s\ CXv! ap¯Èn hn«-Xmhpw kzbw Nncn-¨p. Xkv\ow _m\p. sI.-]n. ^Ìv _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
]v Rm\pw tN¨nbpw t]c-bv¡¡v thn hg¡v IqSm-dp-v. \à \mS³ t]cbm. hen-sbmcp s\Ãn-¡t- bmfw hcpw. sNdn-sbmcp ]pfn tNÀ¶ a[p-cw. Ah-[n-¡m-e¯v [mcmfw Dm-Im-dp-v. AXv sImv Xs¶ Rm³ Xmsg¶v Ip ]nSn-¨s - XÃmw AhÄ ac-s¡m-¼n-en-cp¶ im¸n-Spw. F¶n«v Fs¶ t\m¡n Hcp Cfn-bp-v. \à tiem .... ImWm³. Hcp hmensâ Ipd-hp-Iq-Sn-bp-s¶v ]Wn¡v hcp¶ Imfn Fs¶ kam[m-\n-¸n-¡m³ ]d-bpw. Fsâ Ic-¨n tI«v an¡-hmdpw ap¯Èn HmSn hcm-dp-v. ]d-¼n Bb-Xp-sImv C¶v Fsâ Ic-¨n tI«v ImWn-Ã. C\n ap¯-Èn-bpsS ASp-s¯-¯n-bn«v Ic-bmw.
A½q Imen-ev sNcn-¸n-ÃtÃm? aptfsS then-bp-n-hn-sS. Imen Xd-bv¡pw. ap¯Èn Xm¡oXv \ÂIpw. Rm³ X¡m-et- ¯¡v \nÀ¯n sh¨n-cp¶ Ic-¨n Hm¬ sN¿pw. Ipd¨v AI-se-bmWv ap¯Èn Fs¶ hnfn-¨p.
A½q, C§Sv t\m¡nsb.
A¸q-¸³ XmSn
I¿n XqshÅ \n-d¯n-epÅ Hcp Iq«w A¸q-¸³ XmSn-IÄ. F¶n-«Xns\ Fsâ t\sc DuXn hnSpw. sX¡³ Imänsâ D´pw IqSn-bm-Ipt¼mÄ Ah IrXyw Fsâ apJ¯v Xs¶ h¶v C¡nfn Iq«pw.
^vfmän tamt«mÀ \¶m-¡m³ kÂh-cmPv hcpw F¶v ]d-ªn«v t\cw Ipd- ¨ m- b n. hcp- ¶ ptm F¶v t\m¡m³ anYp IÀ«³ \o¡n P\- e n- e qsS Xmtg¡v t\m¡n.
Imän ]mdn h¶ A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bh - Ä sXÃp hnj-at- ¯msS I¿nse-Sp-¯p. Fs¶ ImWm-ªn«v ZqXn-\mbn A¸q-¸³ XmSnsb ap¯Èn hn«-Xm-hpw. C¶se hnfn-¨t¸m A½ ]d-ªn-cp-¶p.
]d-¼n-eqsS \S-¡p-t¼mÄ CS-bvs¡ms¡ ap¯Èn C§s\ Ifn-¡m-dpv.
CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v A½p \ns¶ ap¯Èn At\z-jn-¡m-dp.v Cu NqSv ian-¸n-¡m³ ^m\n\n UÂln-bn \n¶pw tN¨nbpw a¡fpw h¶n-«p-v . thsd Cd-¡-Ww.
C¶v shÅn, Cu i\nbpw Rmbdpw a\p-hn\v kvIqÄ Ah-[n-bm-Wv. tamt«mÀ icn-bm-bm BZyw \à \m«n t]mI-Ww. h®-samcp Ipfn AhÄ a\-Ên samss_ dnwKv sN¿p-¶p. AhÄ P\-ensâ IÀ-«¬ t\sc-bn«v taiNn´n-¨p. bpsS taepÅ t^msW-Sp-¯p.
I¿n XqshÅ \n- d ¯n- e pÅ Hcp Iq«w A¸q- ¸ ³ XmSn- I Ä. F¶n- « - X ns\ Fsâ t\sc DuXn hnSpw. sX¡³ Imänsâ D´pw IqSn- b m- I p- t ¼mÄ Ah IrXyw Fsâ apJ¯v Xs¶ h¶v C¡nfn Iq«pw.
sbkv: tUm. anYp taUw t]jyâ vkv shbväv sN¿p-¶p. icn, Rm\nXm F¯n. tamt«mÀ \¶m-¡m³ Bfv hcp-sa¶v hm¨vams\ HmÀ½n-¸n¨v AhÄ Imdn Ibdn. C\n sshIn«v \m«n-te¡v. Fsâ sX¡³ Imän-sâbpw A¸q-¸³ XmSnbp-sSbpw temI-¯v.... thcpI-Ä
75
sI.hn.Fw. D®nbpsS hcIfneqsS
thcpI-Ä
76
thcpI-Ä
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ADVT -5
thcpI-Ä
78
HASHIM. K Final B.Sc (Maths)
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Wonderful Magic of Seven
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7 is an intresting number. The sunlight when refracted through a glass prism consists 7 colours. The P.H. value of disfilled water Is 7. 7 days are thue in a week . There are 7 wonders In the world . A musical instrument has 7 octanes. Now lets is have the pleasure of the magical effect of number 7 The number 7 and its square can be expressed as the Difference between squares of two consecutive numbers 7= 42- 32 and 72=252 - 242, Square of seven can be expressed as the sum of squares of three different numbers , ie:- 72=22+32+62 Cube of 7 is veryy funny and it rates an interesting palindromic number 73=343 The sum of first two digits and last two digist of 343 is 7 The sum of all division of 343 is perfect square ie : - 1+7+49=343=400 = (20) 2 The number 7 is the smallest prime factor of famous Ramanujans number 1729, 1729 = 7x13x19 The sum of numbers from 1to 7 is 28, where n = 7 Here 28 is a perfect number. Hence the sum of all factors Of 28 (encluding 28) is 28, ie 1+2+4+7+14=28 Resiprocal of 7 produces revolving number 1\7 = 0. 142857 Neglecting the decimal point, we get the revolving number 142857 If we multiply the revolving number 142857 by successive Multiples of 7, we get.
142857 x 7 = 0999999 142857 x 21=2999997 142857 x 35=4999995 142857 x 49=6999993 142857 x 63=8999991
142857 x 14 = 1999998 142857 x 28 = 3999996 142857 x 42 = 5999994 142857 x 56 = 7999992 142857 x 70 = 9999990
♦ There is funny seqence between 7 and its squares 7 = 1+5 +6 -2 - 3 72+ 12+52+ 62- 22-32 7=3+4+8-2-6 72=32+ 42+82 - 22-62 7 = 4+ 5 + 9 - 3 - 8 72=42+ 52+92- 32- 82 ♦ It will multiply the number 143 by scuccessive number of 7 we get. 143 x 07 = 1001 143 x 14 = 2002 143 x 21 = 3003 143 x 28 = 4004 143 x 35 = 5005 143 x 42 = 6006 143 x 49 = 7007 143 x 56 = 8008 143 x 63 = 9009 thcpI-Ä
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jm\n hÀKokv IInd B.Sc. Maths
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thcpIÄ apfs]m«nbXv....
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ANNUAL REPORT Greetings to all! I offer each and every one of you warmest felicitations of the day. St. Marys College is an educational institution started as the outcome of the educational apostolate of the Congregation of the Sons of the Immaculate Conception founded by Blessed Luigi Maria Monti in 1857. It aims at the integral growth of young people, taking care of their needs in different spheres of life. I am proud to say that the institution has achieved a lot in its aim to achieve this objective. The 11th academic year commenced on 4th June 2007 with Plus-Two, Final D.C and Final P.G classes. Courses of Study The college offers various courses of study like Plus Two Humanities and Commerce, B.A English, Economics, History, B.Com Co-operation, B.Com Computer Application, B.B.A, BSc Maths and M.Com. Staff and Students The success of an educational institution depends on its teachers and students. I am proud to say that we have a group of dedicated staff members and well disciplined students. We have 45 permanent staff members and 4 visiting professors. The total number of students is 1150. Library Our college is provided with a good library. At present there are more than 11100 books dealing with different subjects. Besides these books a number of periodicals, journals and news papers are available at the disposition of students. Examination and Results To evaluate the educational progress of the students, terminal examinations are conducted. P.T.A meetings are held after each terminal examination in which the class teacher meets the parents and students individually, thus coordinating the efforts of students, parents and teachers. Visit of Italian Groups The students and teachers of St. Marys College were specially blessed with the visit of different Italian groups. A group of 18 students of Tourism and their 4 teachers made their visit to the college as part of their cultural exchange programme. Their two weeks stay in the college was really enriching. Another visit, made by 5 teachers of Italian also was a great inspiration to the students. Various cultural items, seminars and debates were conducted in connection with these visits.
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Arts and Sports Keeping the aim of the institution in mind, the academic schedule of the college is arranged in such a way that the students get sufficient opportunities to develop themselves through various extra curricular activities. Associations Associations of different disciples are formed to help the students in their studies. I use this occasion to congratulate teachers and student representatives who direct the activities of these associations. The associations conduct various programmes which arise great interest in the students towards the concerned subjects. Malayalavedi and NSS Malayalavedi and NSS are two active organizations that function in our college. All the extra curricular activities in our college are conducted under theses two organizations. Malayaladeepam, a campus newspaper by Malayalavedi provides the students a space to publish their literary works. NSS coordinates various social service programmes and arrange personality development camps for students. We also could conduct one day seminar for plus two students under NSS. College Magazine The college magazine is published every year with selected writing from the students. Study Tour Every year we conduct study tour for the final Degree students A Word of Thanks It is my privilege to take this occasion to express my sincere thanks to all those who have given their valuable support and guidance in smooth running of the institution. I am grateful to our Superior general Rev.Fr. Aurelio Mozzetta, Rev. Dr. James Chitteth and his councillors for their valuable support and encouragement. In a special way, I thank Rev. Fr. Antony Tharakanparambil, the former principal of college for his sincere service to the institution. I thank each and every member of CFIC India especially the members of Luigi Bhavan community for their support and encouragement. I also thank Rev. Fr. Joseph Kuttiyath, the manager and Fr. Saju, Fr. Mathew and Fr. Benny for their service. I also convey my sincere thanks to the teaching and non teaching staff of St. Marys College for rendering their valuable service to the college. They always express a deep sense of commitment. I use this occasion to thanks all the students for their cooperation. I also thank parents, benefactors, friends and the public of Puthanagadi for their cooperation in the smooth running of this institution. THANK YOU. Fr. Martin Cherumadathil CFIC Principal thcpI-Ä
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Biw-k-IÄ
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skâ v tacokn thcp ]SÀ¯nbhÀ... FINAL B.Com
FINAL B.Com (Computer)
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FINAL B.Sc (Maths)
FINAL BA (Economics)
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FINAL BA (English)
FINAL BA (History)
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FINAL M.Com
FINAL BBA
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PLUS TWO (Humanities)
PLUS TWO (Commerce)
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ADVT - 6
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Xn-¨p. ]t£, Ct¸mÄ apJ-t¯mSp apJw ImWsh Hcp N½Â! au\w AhÀ¡n-S-bn Hcp aXn XoÀ¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
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k_n-X.Sn. Ist B.A. History
Pohn-X-bm{X aqIamw kÔy-bn hnP-\amw Xoc¯v \o Hcp ioX-fO - m-bb - mbv h¶p ]pÂIn Fsâ GIm-´amw PohnX Xm§mbv I®oÀ s]mgn-ªXv \n³ {]W-bs - \m-¼cw \nd-an-Ãm¯ ag \n³ au\-s¯-¡p-dn-¡p-t¼mÄ XoÀ¯p-sh-¨-sX³ taml-inÂ]-§Ä Is¿m-s¶¯n¸nSn-¡p¶ AIse \o Ft§m AI¶p adªp t]mbn PohnX ]mX-bn t]mcm-Sp-sa-¶nse Xm§mbn \o hs¶-§¦ - n-se-¶m-in¸q \n³ tamlamw Xo¡-\ ao«p-In I®oÀX³ t]amcn s]¿p-¶pthm ]cn-afw XqIpamw ]q¡ÄX³ a[pIWw F³ t\mhnsâ lr¯n FSp-¯p-sh¨p C\nbpw ]q¡m-s¯mcp XW acs¯ kz]v\ambv kvacn-¨p-s¡mo PohnXw DW-cpao Imew C\n-bp-sa³ lr¯n \nd-§Ä Nmen¨v Nn{Xw hc-¡ptam? C¶p Rm³ tIÄ¡p¶ tIÄhn-Is - fm-s¡bpw hnXp-¼p¶ GtXm {]W-bm-ßm-hn-sâ-Xm-bn-cp¶p im]-P·ambv Ign-bpao s]¬sImSn im´n e`n-¡p-hm³ AÀl-bsà Rm³ I ZpxJhpw tImÄ¡p¶ \mZhpw I®q-\oÀ Pzme-bmbv sh«n Xnf-§p¶p ktÔy \n³ kmbm-´\ - ¡ - m-än Rm\pw Cfw Imämbv \n¶ t\cw asä§pw e`n-¡m¯ im´n-X³ s\m¼cw F³ ly¯n Bizmk IpfnÀa-tbIn \o X¶ IpfnÀa-X³ DÄI-®n \n¶pw \o¿pw Ft¶mSp hnS ]dbpw sIm«n-bS- ¨ PohnX hmXn-en³ Nmsc Rm³ A\y-bmbv GI-bmbv km£yw Ipdn-¡p¶p Fsâ kz]v\§ - Ä¡v au\s¯ \ÂIn \o amcnhnÂs¡m-Sn-bmbv t]mbv adªp C\nbpw \ne-bv¡m¯ Pohn-X-bm-{X-bn Rm³ thZ-\-bp-sÅmcp tNmZyw am{Xw. thcpI-Ä
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Ac\qÁmnse tIcf¯nsâ amÁ§sf¡pdn¨v amKkn³ kanXn \S¯nb NÀ¨bn {]apJÀ kwkmcn¡p¶p.
BtcmKyw am[y-a-§Ä: -hÀ¯-am-\hpw `mhnbpw ImbnIw {KÙm-ime {]Øm\w tIc-f-¯n thcpI-Ä
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BtcmKyw (tUm. sI.Al-½Zv A³hÀ, t\{X-tcmK hn`m-Kw, Fw.-C.-Fkv. saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pv)
C¶v ]s£, Btcm-Ky-cw-Khpw sshZy-cw-Khpw XnI¨pw kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bpsS \pI-¯n³ Iogn-em-Wv. sSIvt\m-fP - n-bm-hs« `oam-Imcw ]q cm£-kc - q]w {]m]n¨v Ign-ªp. sshZy-hr-¯n-bpsS Iem-hi - w(ssZhnIw) ssItamiw h¶p. AXv XnI¨pw imkv{Xm-[n-jvTn-Xa - m-bn. ^ew ]gb tUmÎÀ þ tcmKn _Ô-¯nse ]c-kv]c hnizm-khpw kvt\lmZ-ch - p-Ifpw ]mh-\X - bpw \ã-am-bn. hWn-I\pw D]-t`m-IvXm-hp-ambn amdn cp t]cpw. tkh\w {]Xn-^-em-[n-jvTnX am{X-am-sW¶ \ne h¶p. kmt¦Xn apt¶-ä§ - Ä NnIn-Õsb sNe-th-dn-bX - m¡n am-än. ]c-kv]cw DÅp Xpd¶v kwh-Zn-¡m³ cv Iq«À¡pw ka-b-an-Ãm-Xm-b-t¸mÄ B tdmÄ et_m-d-«-dn-IÄ Gsä-Sp-¯p.
BtcmKyw Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw Im¯v kq£n-t¡ Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw D¯-chm-Zn-Xz-apÅ Hcp k¼¯pw KpWhp-ambn ImWp¶ P\-X-b-Ãm-Xmbn \mw amdn . AXv asämcp Iq«À hn]-W\w sNt¿ hkvXp-hmbn ImWp¶ kaql¯n tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[w NnIn-Õt- b-¡mÄ {][m-\s- \¶ B]vXh - mIyw AhK-Wn-¡s- ¸-«p. D]-t`m-àr-]c- X - bpw {]I-S\ - m-ßI - X - bpw Zpcbpw B{Ibpw A`n\n-th-i§ - fpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X§ - sf \nb-{´n-¡p-t¼mÄ A`n-\h Pohn-Xs- sien P\y- t cm- K - § Ä XnanÀ¯n- b m- S m³ XpS- § n. sImebpw BßlXybpw \nXykw`-h§ - Ä am{Xw.
BtcmKy taJ-e-bnse tIc-fob amä- § - s f- ¡ p- d n¨v am{X- a mbn NÀ¨sb Npcp-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw Ah t]mepw a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶X - n\v kmÀÆ- e u- I nI A«n- a - d n- I sf Npcp¡n ]cm-aÀin-t¡--Xp-v. Nne \ã k¦Â]-§-fnXm:þ sshZyw Hcp Ie-bm-Wv. imkv{Xobm-Sn-¯-d-tbm-sS, AÃmsX aäp imkvXc imJ- I - s f- t ¸mse et_m- d - « - d n- I Ä am{Xw aqey \nÀ®bw sNt¿ Hc-aqÀ¯-hnÚm-\a - à - . a\p-jy-KÔ - n-bm-WX - v. tcmK-§-fnÃm tcmKn-I-sf-bp-Åq. Htc F®- ¯ nepw Af- h nepw iàn-bn-ep-apÅ tcmKm-Wp-_m-[tbmtSm AÀ_p-Z-t¯mtSm ]cn¡p-I-tfmtSm \qdp-t]À {]Xn-I-cn¡p-¶Xv \qdv hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw. Ømbnbpw \nb-{´-W-hn-t[-b-hpamb LS- I - § Ä ip{iqjm cwK¯v hnc-fw. {]h-N\ - m-Xo-X§ - fm-Wv. an¡ LS-I§ - fpw tcmK-_m[-bn-em-hs - «, tcmKm-Xp-cX - b - n-em-hs«.
tIc-f-¯n Btcm-Ky-cw-K¯v t\«-§fpw tIm«-§-fp-ap-m-bn. A\p-`h-§fpw ]mfn-¨I - fpw Fgp-]X - p-If - n temI-¯n\v amX-rI-bmbn sIm«ntLm-jn-¡-s¸« tIcf tamU C¶v XIÀ¨-bn-em-Wv. ]gb hÅph-\m-«n ctm aqt¶m No¡p-I-fpw (]-gb kÀ¡mÀ hnemkw [Àami - p-]{- Xn-If - psS \mS³ t]cp-IÄ) aqt¶m \mtem At¸m-¯n¡-cn-Ifpw _m¡n Ipsd FÂ. -Fw.- ]n-amcpw am{X-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-S¯v C¶v ]©-\-£{X Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ ap«n\v ap«n-\v. ]cn-ØnXn hn\m-i¯n\v X§- f p- t S- X mb kw`m- h \ \ÂIp- ¶ p, Cu aÄ«n kq¸Àkvs]jymen-än-Is - f¶v kzbw Ah-Im-is - ¸-Sp¶ `oa³amÀ. kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯n ]n.-F¨ - v.U - n-IÄ FÃm ]©m-b¯ - nepw tamtU¬ saUn-¡Â cPn-Ì-dn Xs¶ 45000/- ¯ne-[nIw Fw._n._n.Fkv _ncpZ [mcn-IÄ, (Iq-«-¯n ]d-b-s«, A¼Xv hÀjw Ign-ªn«pw C¶pw \ap¡v tUmÎÀam-cpsS s{]m^jW kq¸À hnj\v tIcf saUn-¡Â Iu¬kn-en-Ã. {Smh³IqÀ sIm¨n³ saUn-¡Â Iu¬knte-bp-Åq) . aqt¶m \mtem saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-I-fpsS Øm\¯v C¶v A\-h-[n. KmÀln-I {]k-h§ - fpw {]kq-Xn-IÀ½n-Wnbpw \mSp \o§n. Bip-]{Xn {]k-h-§tf Ct¸m-gp-Åq. amXr-inip ac-W-\n-c¡v Ipd-ªp. IpSpw- c - Ww sN¿-s¸« IpSpw-_m-kq-{XWw _-t£aw F¶v ]p\À\m-aI hym]-I-ambn Iq«-¯n KÀ`-Ø-in-ip-hnsâ enwK-\nÀ®-tbm-]m-[n-IfpsS Zpcp-]-tbmKw XS-bm³ \nb-a-\nÀamWw thn h¶p. H¸-¯ns\m¸w ]mÀe-saâ v Fw. Sn. ]nb BIvän-eqsS DZm-co-Ic - n¨ {`qW-lXy-bpsS hym]-\-hpw. lrt{ZmKw, InUv\n-tcm-K§ - Ä, AØn t]in-þ\ - mUn tcmK-§Ä XpS§n kÀh taJ-e-bnepw kmt¦-XnI apt¶-ä-§Ä henb amäw hcp-¯n. ss_]mkv kÀP-dn, Ah-bh amä-i-kv{X-{In-b-IÄ, C³dmþHm-¡p-eÀ-þthcpI-Ä
96
se³kv Cw¹mâ v-þ-Xn-anc ikv{X{Inb XpS§n Cu apt¶-ä-§Ä F®n-¯oÀ¡m³ Cu sNdp-Ipdn¸n\v ]{Xm-[n-]À A\p-h-Zn¨ ]cn-anX t]Pp-IÄ t]mcm. ]oUnbm-{SnIvkv (inip tcmK imJ) t]mse þ Poco- b m- { SnIvkpw (hmÀ[-Iy-P-\y-tcmK imJ)-{]m[m\yw t\Sn.
Ipcn¸v (h-kq-cn) \nÀamÀP\w
sN¿-s¸-«p. AXn-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ Ip¯n-shbv]pw A{]-Xy-£a - m-bn. ]Icw aäp Nne Ip¯n- s hbv¸pIÄ (Fw.- F w.- B À) Nn¡³t]mIvkv sl¸-ssä-änkv þ _n hmIvkn-\p-IÄ Øm\w ]nSn¨p. t]¸«n hnj-_m-[-s¡-Xnsc IqSp- X  kpc- £ - a mbn Ip¯nsh¸v h¶p. ¹mÌnIv kÀPdn e_v[ {]Xn-jvT-am-bn. IpjvTw `oXn-Z-a-Ãm-Xm-bn. C\n- b p- s a- { Xtbm ]dbm³ _m¡n, ]s£ Fhn- s Stbm Ft´m Ipd- h v . Cu hnP- b - § sfÃmw s]mÅ- b m- s W¶ Hcp {]XoXn ssIh-cn¨ t\«-§Ä apgph³ sshZy-im-kv{Xtam Btcm-Kyta-J-etbm X\n¨v t\Sn-b-X-Ã. t]mj-Im-lm-ce - `- yX Ipdhpw Zmcn{Zyhpw P\-kw-Jybpw \nb-{´W hnt[-b-am-b-Xv. tcmK \nÀWb kt¦-X-§-fpsS hym]-\w. ip²Pe e`y-Xb - nepw hnkÀPy-hk - vXp¡sf ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶X - nepw ssIh- c n¨ ]ptcm- K Xn Chbvs¡Ãmw kmaq-ly-þc - m-{ão-bþ- h - nZym- ` yk]c- a mb am\- § - f p- v . BtcmKy kwc-£-Whpw BtcmKyhpw sshZy-ta-J-e-bpsS am{Xw Npa-X-etbm _m[y-Xtbm AÃ. P\- I ob apt¶- ä - § - f m- W - h - s bÃmw. AXp- t ]m- s e- ¯ s¶ \½psS ]mfn-¨I - f - p- w. {]Ir-Xn-¡\ - p-tbm-Pyamb Bhm-kh - y-hØ sb XInSw adn-¡p¶ AÔ-amb hnI-k\
Xzc, Iog-S¡ - n-sb¶v \mw A`n-am-\n-¨n-cp¶ Nne tcmK-§f - psS Xncn¨v hc-hn\v Imc-W-am-bn. Hcp Ime¯v tIc-fob sshZy hnZymÀ°n-IÄ sSIvÌv _p¡p-If - n am{Xw hmbn-¨n-cp¶ U¦n¸-\n, Nn¡³Kp-\n-b, Fen-¸\n XpS-§n-bh ]IÀ¨-hym-[n-If - m-bn-s¸-cp-In. sImXp-Ip-IÄs¡Xnsc ]I¨p \n¡p¶ \mw Ahsb \in-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ir{Xna kt¦X-§f - psS ^e-iq-\yX sXm«-dn-ªh - c - mWv. hnZym-`ymk BtcmKy cwK§-fn-epÅ D¯-ch - m-Zn-¯§ - f - n \n¶v Hfn-t¨m-Sp¶ A`-n\h sebvtÊ þ s^bÀ kn²m-´§ - Ä \½psS kÀ¡m-cp-Isf \bn-¡p¶ Ime¯v ip²-Pew t]mepw Imip sImSp¯v hmt§n hcp¶ KXn-tI-Sn-te¡mWv \mw \o§p-¶X - v. ]c-kv]cw sXmSm³ `b-s¸-S¯ - p¶ FbvUvkpw sl¸-ssä-änkv þ_n bpw \ap-¡n-S-bn-ep--tÃm. ASn-Øm\ NypXn \½psS \ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw ImgvN-¸m-Sp-I-fnepw Xs¶-bm-Wv. KmÔn-Pnþ - n-Sm¯ a\p-jys\ (NÀ¨n-ensâ ]cn-lm-kw) BtcmÀ¡pB Ip¸m-ba ¶p. Ct¸mÄ ]d-ªXv \mw ad-¶p. \½psS Bh-iy-§Ä \nd-th-äm\pÅ hn`-h§ - Ä `qan Xcpw; AXym-{K-lX - n-s\m-«nà Xm\pw. G«p-þ] - ¯p iX-am\w am{Xw h-cp¶ AXn tImSo-iz-c³am-cpw. 80% hcp¶ A¶¶s¯ A¶w ap«-n¡p-¶-hcpw X½n-epÅ A´cw IqSpw-tXmdpw BtcmKyw acn-Nn-I-bmhpw þ DÅ-h-\pw, CÃm-¯-h\pw!
am[y-a-§Ä: -hÀ¯-am-\hpw `mhnbpw Fw. AÐpÄ djoZv. (am-[yaw dnt¸mÀ«À)
]{X kzmX-{´y-¯n\v Cu Imew ]pXnb {]Xn-k-Ôn-I-fmWv krãn¡p-¶-Xv. CXv Gähpw henb kwLÀj-Im-e-a-Ã, adn¨v Gähpw kw{`an-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. kXyw Hcp XhW am{Xw A¨-Sn-¨-Xp-sImv Imcysam-¶p-an-Ã. F´v F¶-Xp-t]mse Xs¶ F´p-sImv F¶p-IqSn Adnbpw hsc hmÀ¯-IÄ acn-¡p-¶n-Ã. þkÀ lmcÄUv Fhn³kv
temIs¯ atäXv hnI-kzc cmPy-s¯-¡mfpw am[ya km£-c-X-bpÅ kaql-amWv C´y. am[y-a-§-fpsS kPo-h-amb CS-s]-SÂ, e`y-X, {]hÀ¯\ kzmX-{´yw, sshhn[yw F¶n-§s\ \½psS cmPys¯ Cu hnti-jW - ¯ - n\v AÀl-am-¡p¶ LS-I-§Ä A\-h-[n-bm-Wv. thcpI-Ä
97
2001þse IW-¡-\p-k-cn¨v 45, 974 hmÀ¯m-]-{X-§Ä cmPy-¯p-v. CXn 5364 F®w Zn\-]{- X-§f - mWv. lnµn ]{X- § Ä am{Xw Znhkw 230 e£w hmb-\¡ - m-cn F¯p-¶p. A¨Sn am[y-a§ - Ä¡p ]pdsa sSen-hnj³ Nm\-ep-I-fpsSbpw tdUn- t bm- b p- s Sbpw CâÀs\äv t]mÀ«-ep-If - p-sSbpw F®hpw Zn\w-{]Xn hÀ²n-¡p-¶p. 1959-þ ]co-£W - m-Sn-Øm-\¯ - n C´y-bn kwt{]-£Ww XpS§nb Zqc-ZÀi³ icn¡pw P\-§fn F¯n-bXv 1980 Ifn-em-Wv.H-scmä Zqc-ZÀi³ Nm\-en IqSn sSen-hn-j³ Bkz-Zn¨p XpS-§nb C´y-¡mÀ C¶n-t¸mÄ 250 Nm\ep-I-fnse ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Bkz-Zn¡p-¶p. CtX hn¹hw Ct¸mÄ tdUntbm kwt{]-jW - ¯ - nepw kw`-hn-¡p-Ibm- W v . BIm- i - h mWn am{Xw tI«p ioen¨ \mw C\n- b pÅ \mfp-I-fn F^v.-Fw. tdUn-tbmbpsS hnkvab - I - c - a - mb sshhn-[y¯n\v km£n-If - m-hm³ t]mhp-Ibm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse {]apJ Zn\]-{X-§-fpsS Xs¶ ]¯n-e-[nIw F^v.F - w. tdUntbm \ne-b§ - Ä GXm\pw \mÄ¡Iw Xs¶ e`n¨p XpS-§pw. Cu ]d-ª-X-{Xbpw hmÀ¯m-am[y- a - § - f psS {]mNm- c - s ¯tbm sshhn- [ y- t ¯tbm kw_Ôn¡p¶ KpW-Ic - a - mb apt¶ä-§s - f¡p-dn-¨m-Wv. F¶m CXn-\¸ - pdw NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-tS Nne-Xp-v. AXn {][m\w P\m- [ n- ] Xy kwhn-[m-\s¯ iIvXn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶- X nepw cm{ã t£a- ¯ nepw ]ucm-h-Imi kwc-£-W-¯nepw \½psS am[y- a - § Ä F´p sN¿p¶p F¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. am[y-a§Ä Bsc-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m[\ sN¿p-¶Xv? AhÀ BcpsS XmÂ]-cy-§-fmWv kwc-£n-¡p-
¶Xv? F¶-sXms¡ C¶v s]mXp kaq-l¯ - n Db-cp¶ tNmZy-§f - mWv. KpP-dm-¯n \S¶ hwi-l-Xysb kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ sR«n-¸n-¡p¶ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ ]pd-¯p-sImp h¶ sXlÂI-bpsS ]{Xm-[n]À Xcp¬tX-Pv]m ASp-¯n-sS tNmZn-¨-Xv. R§Ä sXlÂI sN¿m³ Ign-bp-¶Xv sNbvXp, lnwkm-ßI ^mjn-k-¯n-s\-Xnsc \n§Ä F´p sNbvXp F¶m-Wv. kXy-¯n C´y³ am[ya temIt¯m-SmWv tXPv]m Cu tNmZyw D¶-bn-¨-Xv. Cu tNmZy-¯nsâ D¯cw tXSn-bm \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-hp-¶Xv hn]Wn- b psS XmÂ]- c y- § Ä¡- ¸ p- d - a pÅ aqey- t _m- [ tam Ah- I mi t_m[tam \½psS apJy-[mc am[y--a§ -- Ä¡v C¶v Cà F¶-Xm-Wv. F´p-sIm-s-¶m atäXp cwK¯pw F¶ t]mse C´y³ am[y-atem-I-t¯bpw C¶v \bn-¡p-¶Xv ip²-amb _nkn-\kv XmÂ]-cy-aÃmsX asäm-¶p-a-Ã. ]{Xw D-S-a-bpsS XmÂ-]-cyw, ]ckyw \ÂIp-¶-hcpsS XmÂ]-cyw, A[n-Imc tI{µ-§-tfm-Spff hnt[-b-Xzw, AÔ-ambXpw s]mÅ-bm-bX - p-amb Xo{h-tZ-iob hnImcw F¶nh am{X-amWv B[p-\nI Ime¯v am[y-a§ - sf \bn-¡p-¶s - X¶v t\mwtNmkvIn \nco£n-¨n-«p-v. CXv C´y³ am[y-a-§sf kw_-Ôn¨pw icn-bmb \nco£-W-am-Wv.
C´y-bnse {]_p-²k - a- qlsa¶v Ah-Im-is- ¸-Sp¶ tIc-f¯ - n-te¡p hcn-I. aWn¡q-dp-IÄ am{Xw Bbp-ÊpÅ Fhn-sSbpw F¯m¯ cm{ãob hnhm-Z§ - Ä¡v \½psS ]{X-§fpw sSen-hn-j³ Nm\-ep-Ifpw \ÂIp¶ {][m-\y-¯n\v AhÀ \Â-Ip¶ hni-Zo-Ic- Ww P\w AXv B{K-ln-¡p¶p F¶-Xm-Wv. F¶m bYmÀ°¯n kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv hn]-Wn-bpsS kzm[o-\§Ä¡v hg-§p¶ am[y-a-§Ä krãn-¡p¶ Ir{Xna tImem-l-e-§fn bYmÀ° P\-Iob {]iv\§ - Ä ]e-t¸mgpw ap§n-t¸m-Ip¶p F¶Xm-Wv. C´y³ ]{X-tem-I¯ - nsâ Bcw-`I - mew iIvXa - mb tZiob t]mcm-«-¯n-tâ-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. kzmX-{´-¯n-\m-bpÅ apJy iIvXn-bm-bncp¶ C´y³ ]{X-§Ä. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-Å-bpsS kztZ-im-`n-am\n, apl½Zv AÐp-dl - n-amsâ A Aao³, F _me-Ir-jvW] - n-Åb - psS tIkcn XpS§n B Ime-b-f-hn tIc-f-¯nepw tZio-b-t_m-[-¯n-\p-WÀhv ]IÀ¶ {]kn-²o-Ic - W - § - Ä A\-h[ - n-bm-bc - p-¶p. kzmX-{´m-\´ - c `mcX-¯n-em-hs« BZy L«-§-fn P\-t£a cm{ão-b-¯nsâ ]£-¯mbn-cp¶p am[y-a§ - Ä. ASn-b´ - n-cm-hØ - b - psS amk-§f - n t]mepw P\§-fpsS Adn-bm-\pÅ Ah-Im-i¯ - n-\mbn ]{X-§Ä \S-¯nb t]mcm«w hnkva-cn-¡m-hp-¶-X-Ã. 1990 Ifnse BtKm-fo-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw ]p¯³ k¼-Xvhy-h-Ø-bpsSbpw IS-¶p-h-c-amWv C´y³ am[y-a-§-fpsS kz`m-h-¯n henb amä-§Ä krjvSn-¨X - v. kXy-¯n temI-sa§pw am[y-ac - w-K¯pw kw`hn¨ Cu amäw al-¯mb ]mc-¼-cy-apÅ \½psS _lp-P-\-am-[y-a§sf temIs¯ hn]-Wn-bpsS tIhe em` k¦Â¸-§-fn-te¡v amän¡-f-ªp. CXv hmÀ¯-I-fn {]Xn-^-en-¨Xv ]e hn[-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. k¼¶ hÀK-¯nsâ AYhm {Ib-ti-jn-bpÅ kaq-l-¯nsâ Cã-§Ä¡v thcpI-Ä
98
am[y- a - § Ä henb {]m[m\yw \ÂIn XpS-§nb kaq-l¯ - nse ASn-Øm\ hÀK-§sf ssIhn«v ]{X-temIw a[y-hÀ¤ D]cn hÀ¤ XmÂ]cy§Äs¡m¸w k©-cn¨p XpS-§n. tKmkn-¸p-Ifpw ssewKnI- X bpw Dulm- t ]m- l - § fpw ¥madpw Hs¡ \ndª \ndw-]nSn¸n¨ hmÀ¯m-temIw krãn-¡s¸-«p. A§- s \- b mWv aptIjv Aw_m\n hm§nb ]p¯³ hnam\-¯nsâ IuXp-I-§Ä ]{X-§fn H¶mw t]Pv hmÀ¯-bm-hp¶Xpw ISw-Ib - dn Irjn \in¨v Bß-l-Xy-bn A`bw tXSnb hb- \ m- « n- s ebpw alm- c m- { ãbnsebpw IÀj-I-cpsS thZ-\-IÄ A{X henb hmÀ¯-bm-ImsX t]mIp-¶X - pw. C´y³ apkvenw-IfpsS kmaq-lnI ]nt¶m-¡m-hØsb kw_-Ôn¨ kao] Ime]-T-\-§Ä, hnhn[ kwØm-\-§fn sNdnb IÀjI Iq«m-bvaI - Ä h³InS Ip¯-II - Äs¡-Xnsc \S¯p¶ P\-Iob {]t£m-]§ - Ä, BtKm-fo-I-cWw C´y³ kaq-l¯n krjvSn¨ hÀ[n¨ {]iv\§Ä, Zen-Xp-I-fp-sSbpw kv{XoIfp-sSbpw Zb-\ob AhØ F¶n§s\ ka-Im-enI kaq-l¯ - nse kp{]-[m\ {]iv\§ - Ä¡v am[y-a§Ä Ah AÀln-¡p-¶-Xnepw F{Xtbm sNdnb {]m[m-\y-amWv \ÂIp-¶X - v. C¯cw kw`-h§ - Ä am[y-a§ - Ä ]qÀW-ambpw Xa-kvIcn- ¡ p¶p F¶- à , F¶m C¯cw kw`-h§ - Ä HXp-¡s - ¸-SpItbm XpSÀ¨-bmbn ]n´p-Sc - s - ¸Sm-Xn-cn-¡p-Itbm sN¿p-¶p. ]Icw shdpw cv iX-am\w k¼-¶À A`n-c-an-¡p¶ Hmlcn hn]-WnbpsS XmÂ]-cy-§fpw P\-Iob {]iv\§ - sf kv]Àin-¡m¯ D]cn-hn-¹h - a - mb cm{ãob hmIv ]bäp-Ifpw {]m[m\yw t\Sp-Ibpw
sN¿p-¶p. CXv ]{X-§f - n am{X-aà - ,sSen-- hn-j\ - nepw kw`-hn-¡p-¶p. Fhn-sSbpw Ah-km-\n-¡m¯ I®p-\oÀ ]c-¼c - I - Ä ]S-¨p-hn-Sm³ \½psS sSenhn-j³ Nm\-ep-IÄ ]d-bp¶ \ymbw Ah¡v kv{Xo t{]£-IÀ Dv F¶-Xm-Wv. I®oÀ]-c-¼-c-I-sf-¡mÄ kv{Xo t{]£-IÀ dnbm-enän tjmIÄ F¶p hnfn-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ I]-Sa - mb kwKoX aÂk-ct- a-fs - ¡mgp-¸p-IÄ¡v Dm-hp-t¼mÄ Nm\-ep-IÄ H¶-S¦w Ahn-tS¡v IqSp-amäp-¶p. CXn-sâ-sbÃmw ASn-Øm-\-am-hs« ]cky XmÂ]-cy-§-fpw. ]{Xhmb-\-¡m-c\pw sSen-hn-j³ t{]£-I\pw shdpw D]-t`m-àmhv am{X-am-hp-Ibpw AhÀ¡v ckn-¡p-¶Xp am{Xw am[y-a-§Ä hnf-¼pIbpw sN¿p¶ A]-IS- I - c - a - mb kml-Nc - y-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv C¶v C´y³ am[y-at- emIw \o§p-¶X - v.
Ignª hÀj-§f- n C´y³ P\-X¡v e`y-ambn XpS-§nb CâÀs\äv Bhs« hn¹-h-I-c-amb Hcp BtKmf am[y-a-¯nsâ FÃm km[y-XIfpw \ÂIn-bt- ¸mgpw C´y-bnse _lp-`q-cn-]£w AXnsâ AÇo-eXbpw ssewKn-IX - bpw am{Xw \nd-bp¶ No¯ hiw am{X-amWv D]tbm-Kn-¨X - v. tIc-f¯ - n am{Xw Ignª Bdp-am-k¯ - n dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿s¸-«Xv 200 ssk_Àss{Iw kw`-h-§-fm-Wv. A\´ km[y-X-I-fpÅ Hcp am[y-as¯ F§s\ \½Ä Zpcp-]t- bmKw sN¿p¶p F¶-Xnsâ sNdnb DZm-lc- Ww am{X-am-Wn-Xv. sR«n-¸n-¡p¶ shfn-s¸-Sp-¯e - p-If - n-eqsS C´y³ am[y-at- em-I¯v [ocX-bpsS ]pXnb amXrI krãn¨ sXlÂI, kuµcyaÂk-c§ - Ä¡p ]n¶mse ]mbp¶ am[y-a-tem-Is¯ hn«v IÀj-Isâ I®ocpw {KmaoW C´y-bpsS Bßmhpw tXSn Ae-bp¶ ]n. kmbv\m-Yn-s\t]mse Nne ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ, km[m-cm-W-¡m-csâ Xpd¶ Fgp¯n\pw A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-§Ä¡pw Ac-s§m-cp-¡p¶ Bbn-c-¡-W¡n\v sh_vt»m-Kp-IÄ,-]uc]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n\v e`n¨ hÀ[n¨ kzoIm-cyX XpS§n ka-Im-enI am[ya temI¯v {]Xo-£b - psS \m¼pIÄ ]eXpw Dv. ]t£ CsXms¡ Hä-s¸« DZm-l-c-W-§Ä am{XamWv F¶-XmWv ZpxJ-kX - yw. `qcn-]£w am[y-a§ - fpw am[y-a{- ]-hÀ¯Icpw Nne {`an-¡p¶ he-b-§-fnÂs]-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. B hebw ]Whpw hn]-Wnbpw tNÀ¶v krãn-¨-Xm-Wv. hntZi ]{X-§Ä IqSn A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX C´y³ am[y-at- em-It¯¡v IS-¶p-hc - n-Ib - m-Wv. Ah krãn-¡p¶ \nd-¸I - n-«nsâ temI¯v ]nSn¨p \n¡-W-sa-¦n C´y³ am[y-a-§Ä¡v C\nbpw IqSp-X amtdn hcpw. B amä-am-Is« aqe-[-\-s¯bpw hn]-Wn-sbbpw IqSpX Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xm-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. Npcp-¡-¯n C´y³ am[y-a-tem-I-¯nsâ hcpw \mfp-IÄ A{X ip`-I-c-aà F¶p Xs¶ ]dtbnbncn¡p-¶p.
thcpI-Ä
99
io-e-I³amÀ¡pw Dtm F¶v -kw-i-bn-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. {]Xn-^e¯n\pw , kz´w t\«-¯n\pw thn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶- C-hÀ ImbnIhpw Hcp _nkn-\Êv t]mse-bm-sW¶v Icp-Xp-¶p. Ahn-ln-Xa - mbn {]hÀ¯n-¨mepw kmc-anà F¶- cq-]¯ - n-emWv Imcy-§Ä AhÀ sN¿p¶Xv. Hcp anÂJm-kn-§v, Dj- C-h-cmWv Hfn-¼n-Ivkn \memw Øm\w IcØ-am-¡nb Xmc-§Ä. D - j - bv¡v ap¼v Djsb-t]mseBcpw Hm-Sn-bn-
ImbnIw \¼ymÀ
aäp kwØm-\§ - sf At]-£n¨v tIcfw A¯veä - n-Ivkn ap¼n-emsW-¦nepw, aäp cmPy-§sf At]£n¨v C´y F{Xtbm ]nd-In-emsW¶v ]d-bm-Xn-cn-¡m³ h¿. Hcp Dj, ssj\n hnÂk¬, kptcjv_m_p, tbm-l¶ - m³ XpS-§nb Imbn-I-Xm-c-§Ä cmPym-´c tafbn tim`n-¨Xv t]mse C{Xbpw Ime- a m- b n«pw t]sc- S p¯p ]dbm³ X¡ Xmc-§Ä Csöp Xs¶ ]dbmw.C- t ¸m- g s¯ ØnXn XpS-cp-I-bm-sW-¦n Hcp A¼-Xv hÀjw IqSn-¡g- n-ªmepw ^ew CXp-Xs - ¶-bm-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v XoÀ¨. cmPy-¯n-\p-th-n s - a-U t\SWw F¶- H-tc- Hcp e£yt¯msS {]hÀ¯n-¡W - w F¶ Nn´ ]cn-io-en-¡p-¶h - À¡pw, ]cn-
«nÃ. Dj Hm«w \nÀ¯n-bn«p ]Xn\©p hÀj-¯n IqSp-Xe - m-bn.- Ct¸mgpw Djsb t¸mse Bcpw HmSp-¶n-Ã. C¶s¯ Xmc-§sf Ipdn¨v Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄ {]Xn-`-Ifp-s¶v \ap¡v A\p-am-\n¡mw. Fsâ A`n-{]m-b-¯n \½psS cmPy-¯n-\p-th-n-Hcp Hfn-¼nIv saU \m\q-dpw, F®qdpw aoäÀ C\-§-fn In«ms\ km²y-X-bpÅp-sh-¶m-Wv. ImcWw, \½psS cmPyw- I-gnhp sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-ÅXv Cu C\-§-fn-em-Wv. Cu ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ bv¡v Ct¸mgs¯ ]cn-io-e-\- co-Xn-bn-epÅ ]ng-hmtWm Imc-Ws - a¶v tXm¶nt¸m- I p- ¶ p.- I m- b nI Xmc- § Ä kvIqÄ Xe-¯n \ÃcoXn-bn Ignhp sXfn-bn-¨h - c - m-bX - p-sImv {]Xn-`-bp-Å-h-cm-sW¶Xv XoÀ¨bm-Wv. Dt¯-PI acp-¶p-IÄ kvIqÄ apX A´m-cmjv{SXew hsc D]-tbmKn-¡m³ XpS-§n-bn-«p-v. CXp hntZi tIm¨p-IÄ C´y-bn h¶Xp apX-em-Wv. AhÀ¡v s]«¶p Xs¶ ^ew thWw. B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä AhÀ¡v hmcn-t¡mcn sImSp-¡p-¶p. hntZ-i-tIm-¨p-IÄ h¶-Xp-ap-X {i²n-¨m-ednbmw F-hnsS Dt¯-PI ]cn-tim-[\ CÃ, AhnsS sdt¡mÀUp-Ifpw, anI¨ {]IS-\§ - f - pw ImWmw. FhnsS ]cn-tim-[\ Dtm AhnsS sdt¡mÀUp-Ifpw CÃ. s]s«¶v \S-¯p¶ aÕ-c§ - fn BZyw ImWn-¡p¶ t\«-§Ä ASp¯ aÕ-c-§-fn ImWp--¶pan-Ã. CXn-\À°w BZy aÕ-c-§-fn Dt¯-PI acp¶v D]-tbm-Kn¨p F¶-Xm-Wv. Hcp Hfn-¼nIv saU \ap¡v In«-Ws - a-¦n A¨-S¡ - t- ¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ ]cn-io-e\w ChnsS AXy-´m-t]-£n-Xa - m-Wv. ]cn-io-eI - ³amÀ¡v FÃm B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \ÂIn Hmtcm C\-¯n\pw AÀl-c-m-b-hsc (]-cn-ioe-Is - c) \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw Ahsc \nco-£n-¡m--\mbn Hcp-ap-XnÀ¶, A\p`-h-apÅ ]cn-io-e-Is\ \nb-an-¡p-I-bpw sN¿-Ww. F¶m \ap¡v Hcp Hfn-¼nIv saU {]Xo-£n-¡mw. thcpI-Ä
100
P\m-[n-]X - y-¯nsâ If-cn-bmWv {KÙ-im-e. P\-§f- psS hnhn[ {]iv\§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿m-\pÅ tI{µ-am-Wn-Xv. aX \nc-t]-£X - , kmaqly t_m[w F¶nh CXnsâ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wv.
{KÙm-ime {]Øm\w tIc-f-¯n ]me¡ogv \mcmbW³
Pt\m-]I - m-c{- ]-Za - mb hnhn[ ]²-Xn-IÄ {KÙ-im-eI - sf tI{µo-Ic - n¨v \S¶p hcp-¶p. AXp sImv Xs¶-bmWv \mXn ZoÀL-amb Ime-L«-¯nse {]hÀ¯\w sImp Xs¶ Cu {]Øm\w tIc-f¯ - n-se§pw thcp-d-¨-Xv. temI-¯n-se-§p-apÅ [nj-Wm-im-en-I-fmb DZv_p² a\Êp-Isf AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯nb Hcp alZv {]Øm-\mamb-Xv. {KÙ-ime {]Øm-\-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse \nÀ®m-bIL«-§sf sXm«p-Im-Wn-¡m\pw C¶s¯ AhØ ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-\p-am-Wn-hnsS Hcp-§p-¶Xv. tIc-f-¯nen¶v 6569 A^n-en-tb-äUv {KÙ-im-e-I-fp-v. ]e Imc-W§-fn sse{_dn Iu¬kn-en tNcm-\m-Im¯ {KÙ-im-e-I-fp-mhmw. hyàn-If - psS ho«p sse{_-dn-IÄ thsd. bqWn-th-gvkn-än tImtfPvþ kvIqÄ sse{_-dn-IÄ AXn-\p-]p-dsa Dv. A§s\ A§s\ hn]p-ea - mb {KÙ-ti-Jc - ¯ - nsâ DS-aØ - c - mWv tIc-fo-bÀ. tIc-f¯ - nsâ hnZym-`ymk hfÀ¨-¡v, kmkvIm-cn-tIm-Zv_p-²-X-¡v, cm{ãob apt¶-ä¯n\v ASn-¯-d-bm-bXv Cu {KÙ ]pc-I-sf-s{X. \thm-°m\ {]{Inb¡v B¡w Iq«n-bXv Cu ]Ým-¯e - a - m-Wv. \K-c-§-fnepw {Kma-§-fn-ep-apÅ P\-Iob {KÙm-e-b-§-fn 5000 þ 6000 F®w {]hÀ¯-\-£-aamsW¶v hnNm-cn-¡p-I. A{X aXn. icmicn Hcp {KÙ-im-e¡v 10 {]hÀ¯-IÀ F¶p Iq«p-I. F{X {KÙime {]hÀ¯-I-cp-m-hpw. icm-i-cn. 4000 ]pkvX-Isa DÅq F¶v sht¨m-fq. F{X {KÙ-§f - mbn? 3000 {KÙ-im-eI - Ä¡v GXmv 30000 þ 40000cq] hne aXn-¡p¶ sI«n-S-§-fp-s-¦nÂ, ]ns¶ tdUn-tbm, Sn.-hn, ^ÀWo-¨À Ifn-t¡m-¸p-IÄ A§s\ AXym-h-iy-ap-ÅXv Hs¡ Dv F¶v k¦Â]n-¨m aXn.
tIc-f- ¯ - nse {KÙ-ime {]Øm-\¯ - nsâ k¼¯v hne-aX - n-¡m-\m-hm¯-Xm-Wv F¶p a\-Ên-em-hpw. asämcp cmPy¯pw Cà Cu k¼-¯v. C´y-bnse aäp kwØm-\§ - f- n-ep-an-Ã. AXv sImv Cu alm-Ûp-Xs¯-¸än Adn-ªt- ¸mÄ hniz {]kn² kmln-Xy-Im-c\ - mb Chm³ Cenb¨pw aäp ]e {]K-Ûcpw ln¸v ln¸v lptdbv F¶v BÀ¯p hnfn¨Xv. tIc- f - ¯ nsâ {KÙ- i me {]Øm\w ]e ]ncn-hp-IÄ tNÀ¶Xm-Wv. tZiob kzmX{´y kacw ^yqU hncp² kacw A\m-Nmc-§Ä¡pw AÚ-X¡pw FXncmbn kacw a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-amb kmwkv I m- c nI apt¶- ä - ¯ n\p thn t]mcm-Sp¶ Cu {]Øm-\¯n\v C§s\ ]e hgn-If- p-v.
Ad-_n-¡Y - I - f - nse alm-Ûp-X§ - s - f-t¸mse Hcp kp{]-`m-X¯ - n {]Xy£-s¸-«-Xà CsXms¡ F¶ Ncn-{X-kXyw \½Ä Adn-b-Ww. Cu alXv {]Øm-\¯ - nsâ Kpfn-Is - ¨-t¸-´p¶ ]pXnb Xe-apd aps¼ IS¶p-t]mb XymK-k¶²-cpsS ITn-\m-²zm-\¯ - nsâ Ncn{Xw ]Tn-¡W - w. \mSpw hoSpw ad¶v hmb\ ime F¶Xv Pohn-X-{h-Z-am-¡n-b-h-sc-¸-än, Ah-cp-m-¡nb alm Øm]-\-§-sf-¸-än, Ah-bpsS kwLm-X-amb tIcf {KÙm-ime kwL-s¯-¸än a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. ImcWw CXv {KÙime kwL-¯nsâ Adp-]Xmw hÀj-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]Xy ]p\x-Øm-]\-¯n-\p-tijw cq]w sIm tIcf tÌäv sse{_dn Iu¬knensâ ]¯mw hÀj-am-Wv. B\-¸p-d¯ - n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ B\-bpsS s]m¡w IqSn tNÀ¶-XmWv Xsâ Dbcw F¶v HmÀ¡m-Xn-cp-¶m Dcp-p-]n-cv thcpI-Ä
101
Xmsg hotW-¡pw.
{KÙ-im-e-IÄ kwL-S-\bn {KÙ- i m- e - I sf Hcp Nc- S n tImÀ¯ ]pjv]- § - f m- ¡ pI F¶m-ibw cq]w sImXv 80 hÀjw ap¼m-Wv. 1910-þ Øm]n¨ s\¿m-än³Ic Úm\-{]-Zm-bn\n hmb-\-im-e-bpsS BXn-Yy-¯n H¶mw AJne Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ {KÙ-ime kt½-f\w 1926-þ \S¶p. {KÙ-im-e-IÄ¡v 100 cq] sXm«v 500 cq] hsc {Kmâ v \ÂIWw. Kh¬saâ v Øew sI«n-Sap-m-¡m³ kuP-\y-ambn A\ph-Zn-¡W - w. Kh¬saâ v {]kn-²oI- c - W - § Ä kuP- \ y- a mbn \ÂIWw Fs¶m- s ¡- b pÅ Bh-iy-§-fmWv kt½-f\w D¶bn-¨-Xv. AXn³ta cmP-`-cWw A\p- I q- e - a mb Xocp- a m- \ - a mWv FSp-¯X - v. {Kmâ v 200 cq]-hs - c-bm¡n. Kh¬saâ v Øew At]-£IÀ¡v \ÂIm-sa-¶m-bn. ]s£ Cu kwL-S\ - {- iaw {]mcw-`¯ - nse Iq¼-S-ªp. 1945 sk]vXw-_À 14\v Be-¸pg ]n.-sI. sat½m-dnb {KÙ-im-e-bpsS DÕm-l¯n A¼- e - ¸ p- g - b n \S¶ kt½-f-\-amWv AJne Xncp-hnXmw- I qÀ {KÙ- i m- e m- k wLw F¶ kwL-S\ - ¡v cq]w \ÂInb-Xv. AXn- \ n- S - b v¡v ae- _ m- d nepw sIm¨n-bnepw {KÙ-im-e-I-fpsS kwL-S\ - I - f - p-m-bn-cp-¶p. 1931-þ XrÈq- c n \S¶ sIm¨n cmPys¯ {KÙime- I - f psS tbmKw kakvX tIcf ]pkvXIm-eb kanXn F¶ kwL-S\ cq]o- I - c n- ¨ p. {KÙ- h n- l mcw Fs¶mcp ss{Xam-knI {]kn-²oI- c n- ¡ p- h m³ \nÝ- b n- ¡ p- I bpw 1931 G{]n 1 \v {]Y-a- e¡w Cd¡p- I bpw sNbv X p. kt½- f - \ -
¯nsâ \S-¯n-¸p-¡m-cn {][m\n Fw. BÀ. sI. kn F¶ kmlnXy-tem-I-¯n {]kn-²-amb sN¦p-f¯v sNdn-b-Ip-ªn-cm-a-ta-t\m-\mbn-cp-¶p. tIc-fm-Sn-Øm-\¯ - n {KÙm-im-eI - Äs¡mcp kwL-S\ F¶ k¦Â]-¯n\v Bcw`w Ipdn-¨Xv XrÈqÀ kt½-f-\-am-Wv. ]s£ AXn\pw Gsd Bbp-Êp-m-bn-Ã. ae-_m-dn tZiob {]Ø-m\¯nsâ `mK-am-bn-cp¶p {KÙ-im-e-IÄ. AXn-s\mcp kwL-SnX cq]w thW-sa¶ Nn´ {]ikvX amÀIvknb³ Nn´-I\ - mb sI. Zmtam-Zc - \ - mWv Ah-Xc - n-¸n-¨X - v. {KÙ-im- e - I - Ä £W-`w-Kp-c§ - f - m-Ic - p-sX¶pw \nXy-Po-hn-Xh - p-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Úm\hn-Xc - W - t- I-{µ-ambn Db-cW - s - a¶pw sI. Zmtam-Zc - ³ 15-þ03-þ37 se amXr`qan ]{X-¯n Fgp-Xn. kwL-ap-m-¡m-\mbn tbmKw hnfn-¨p. tImgnt¡mSv Su¬ lmfn 1937 Pq¬ 11 \v tNÀ¶ {]Xn-\n[n tbmK-¯n ae-_mÀ Unkv{SnIvSv t_mÀUv {]kn-Uâ v sI. tIf-¸³ A[y-£X hln-¨p. I®qÀsXm«v \ne-¼qÀ hsc-bpÅ {]tZ-i§ - f - n \n¶v apt¶mtdmfw {]hÀ¯-IÀ k¶n-ln-Xc - m-bn. a[p-ch - \w IrjvW¡p-dp¸v {]knUâpw sI. Zmtam- Z - c ³ sk{I- « - d n- b p- a mbn ae- _ mÀ hmb\mimemkwLw cq]o-Ic - n-¨p. {]kwK ]cn-io-e\ - hpw s]mfn-än-¡Â ¢mÊpw \nim]m- T - i m- e bpw Is¿- g p¯v amkn- I bpw apJy- { ]- h À¯- \ - § fm¡Wsa¶v Blzm\w sNbvXp. Hmtcm tIm¬{KÊv I½-änbpw Hmtcm hmb-\i - me cq]o-Ic - n-¡W - s - a¶ \nÀtZiw AwKo-Ic - n-¡p-Ibpw IqSmsX ss{]a-dn-þ-l-bÀ Fen-saâdn kvIqfp-I-fn s]mXp hmb-\m-im-e-IÄ Dm-¡W - s - a¶v A`n-{]m-bs - ]-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1943 Unkw-_-dn Xriq-cn tNÀ¶ tbmKw tIcfw apgp-h³ hym]n¸n-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-amdv tIcf {KÙ-ime kwLw cq]o-I-cn-¡p-hm³ \nÝ-bn-¨p. I½-än-bn _mem-a-Wn-b-½, sI. tKmZ-hÀ½, ]\-¼Ån tKmhn-µt- a-t\m³,-s{]m-^. tPmk^v ap-tÈ-cn, Fkv.K - p-]vX³\m-bÀ, kn.D®n-cmP, ]n.-sI.-tIfp F¶n-hsc¡q«n-tNÀ¯p. sI.-Zm-tam-Zc - ³ Pbnenepw Hfn-hnepw BI-bm a[p-c-h\w IrjvW-¡p-dp-¸ns\ sk{I-«-dnbm-¡n. tIcfw cmjv{So-ba - mbn H¶m-Ip-¶X - n\v ap¼v kmwkvIm-cn-Iambn H¶m- I m³ {KÙ- i me {]hÀ¯- I À ap³ssI- s ¿- S p- ¯ p F¶À°w.1946  tImgn-t¡m«v tNÀ¶ tbmKw ka-{K-ambn {KÙimem \nbaw thW-sa-¶m-h-iy-s]-«-Xpw1949  {KÙ-im-em-{]-hÀ¯IÀ¡mbn 10-Zn-h-ks¯ ]cn-io-e\ Iym¼v \S-¯n-bXpw tIc-f-¯nse kwL-¯nâ kp{]-[m\ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv.
tIc-f -{K-Ù-imem kwL-¯nsâ ]ndhn 1949 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw sIm¨nbpw X½n kwtbm-P\w \S-¶p. {KÙim-em-kwLw Xncp-sIm¨n {KÙ-im-em-kw-La - mbn . 11-þ03-þ49\v FdWmIpfw ]»nIv sse{_-dn-bn kwØm-\-G-Io-I-cW Npa-X-e-¡m-c-\mb- hn. ]n tat\m-sâ -sIm¨n apJy-a{´n C¡--hm-cy-cp-sSbpw Xncp-hnXmw-IqÀ {][m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ Sn..-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n-Å-bp-sSbpw km¶n-²y-¯n GIo-Ic - W - {- ]-{Inb ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡m³ \nivNb - n-¨p. AXn-\n-Sbv¡v kz´-ambn BØm\w Is-¯m³ \S-¯nb ITn-\m²zm\w ]cn-l-cn-t¡--Xp-v. Bcw`w Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw {io Nn¯nc {KÙ-im-e-bn \n¶v . _yptd-{I-kn, F´n\v bqWn-th-gvknän ta[mthcpI-Ä
102
hn-IÄ hsc FXnÀ¸p-ambn hgn apS-¡n-bn-«p-v. {]kn-Uâ v `c-WIm--e-¯mWv ]»nIv sse{_dn tImw]u-n AÂ]w Øew e`n-¨X - v. C¶-s¯-t¸mse A¶pw FXnÀ¸p-m-bn. P\-Iob {]Øm\-t¯mSv ka-ck - s - ¸«p t]mIm³ _yptdm-{Ikn (AXv sse{_-dn-Ifn-se-bm-bm-epw) k¶-²-am-hp-¶nÃ. C.-Fw. Fkv a{´n-k-`-bpsS hnZym- ` ymk a{´n- b m- b n- c p¶ {]KÛ kmln-Xy-Im-c³ tPmk^v ap-tÈ-cn-bmWv BØm-\a - µ - ncw DZvLm-S\w sNbvXX - v. 1930þ 32 Ime¯v tIcf {]tZiv tIm¬{Kkv I½n-än-bn (sI.-]n.kn.-kn) CS-Xp-]£ kzm[o\w ZrV-am-bXv ae-_m-dn hmb-\i - me-I-fpsS hym]-\-¯n\v klm-bI-am-Ipw, IÀj-Isc kwL-Sn-¸n¡m\pw P³an-¡m-cpsS Nqj--W¯n \n¶pw tamNn-¸n-¡m\pw Bkq-{Xn-X-amb {iaw Bcw-`n-¨t¸m- g mWv IÀj- I - c - S - ¡ - a pÅ A[zm-\n-¡p-¶h - sc Nqj-W¯ - n \n¶v tamNn-¸n-¡m\pw Bkq-{XnX-amb {iaw Bcw-`n-¨-t¸m-gmWv IÀj-Ic - S- ¡ - a - pÅ A[zm-\n-¡p-¶hsc A£cw ]Tn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ DZyaw AXym-h-iyhp ASn-b-´nc {]m[m- \ y- a p- Å - X p- a m- s W¶pw t_m[y-am-b-Xv. Hcp hmb-\-ime Bcw-`n-¡p-I, ]{Xw hcp-¯p-I, Dds¡ hmbn¨p tIĸn-¡p-I. cm{ãob hmÀ¯-IÄ hnti-jn¨pw NÀ¨ sN¿p-I. In«m-hp-¶] - p-kvXI-§Ä tiJ-cn-¡p-I. Is¿-gp¯v amkn-II - Ä Bcw-`n-¡pI F¶nh tIm¬{¤kpImcp-sSbpw ]ptcm-Ka\ hmZn-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn. I®q-cn-\Sp¯v a§m«v {io lÀj³ hmb-\i - me DZm-lc - W - w. sI. ]n. BÀ tKm]m-e\pw sI.F. tIc-fo-b\pw aäpw tNÀ¶v Øm]n- ¨ - X mWv . {io lÀj³ I®qÀ Pbn-en acn¨ kac `S-
\m-Wv. C. sI. \mb-\mÀ {io lÀj³ hmb-\i - m-eb - psS Is¿-gp¯v amkn-I-bn Ihn-X-I-sf-gp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v tI«n-«p--tÃm. Npäpw \nch[n hmb-\-im-e-Ifpmbn. 1946þ48 Ime¯v Ipsd \in-¸n-¡-s¸-«p. ae-_m-dnse sse{_dn kwhn-[m\w hfsc hyXy-Ø-amb coXn-bn-embn-cp-¶p. aZn-cmin kwØm-\-¯nsâ `mK-am-bn-cp¶ ae-_m-dn 1948þ Xs¶ {KÙ-ime \nb-aa - p-m-bn-cp-¶p. ]s£ aps¼ kqNn-¸n¨ hn[w cq]--s¸« P\-Iob {KÙ-im-eI - f - psS LS-\b - pw \nb-ah - y-hØ bpw X½n s]mcp-¯s - ¸-«n-cp-¶n-Ã. \nbaw \S-¸m-¡n-bXv 1951-þe - m-Wv. AXv {]Imcw Kh¬saânsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n-epÅ tem¡Â sse{_dn AtXm-dn-än \ne-hn h¶p. ae-_mÀ FÂ.-FÂ.-F-bpsS BØm\w tImgn-¡m-«m-bn-cp-¶p. Kh¬saâ v t\man-t\äv sNbvX-hcpw sXc-sªSp-¡s - ¸-«h - cpw tNÀ¶ \ntbm-Kn-¡p¶ hyàn {]kn-Uâ v, PnÃm hnZym`ymk Hm^o-kÀ sk{I-«-dn, 1959-þ ]me-¡m-Sv,-I-®qÀ tem¡Â sse{_dn AtXm-dn-än-IÄ cq]o-Ic - n-¨p. Hcp tI{µ sse{_dn þ AXn \n¶pw ]pkvX-I-§Ä ISw e`n-¡p¶ Ipsd sse{_-dn-IÄ ]{Xw hm§m\pw aäpw Chbv¡v am{Xw klm-b[ - \w sset{_-dn-b³amÀ¡pw aäpw Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw i¼fw \ÂIpw. AXn-\pÅ ^v sse{_-dn skÊv hgn-bmWv e`n-¡p-I. F¶n«pw ,skÊv ]ncn¨ F{Xtbm cq] hnhn[ IS-]-²-Xn-I-fnepw aäpw \nt£]n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-s{X. FÂ.-FÂ.F sse{_-dn-IÄ tIc-f-{K-Ù-im-em- kw-L-¯n ebn-¡pwhn-[-amWv {KÙ-im-em -\n-b-a-¯nÂhyh-Ø. ]t£- C-S-¡m-es¯ A\m-Ym-hØ \nc-h[n ]pØ-I-§fpw Nne sI«n-S-wt]mepw \in-¡m\n-Sb - m-bn. FÂ.-FÂ.F. Poh-\¡ - mÀ km¼-¯n-Ia - mbpw am\-kn-Ia - mbpw A\p- ` - h n¨ k¦Sw ]d- ª - d n- b n- ¡ m- \ m- h n- à . aq¶mw sse{_dn Iu¬kn FÂ.-FÂ.-F-. {]-iv\-¯n\v imizX ]cn-lmcw I-¯m\pÅ {ia-¯n-em-Wv.
]pXnb Imew : ]pXnb IS-a-IÄ `mjmkwØm-\-§-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-¯nsâ ^e-ambn 1956 tIcf kwØm\w Øm]n-¡s - ]-«p. kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbpw tIc-f¯ - n-s\m-cä kwLS\ F¶ Nn´bv¡v thK-XI - qSn. 1957 s^{_p-hc - n-bn tImgn-t¡mSv sI.-]n. tIi-ht- a-t\msâ A²y-£X - bn tNÀ¶ D¯-ct- I-cfm {KÙimem kt½-f\w Hä kwL-S\ F¶v Blzm\w apg-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 15-þ09-þ58\v tIcf {KÙ-im-emkwLw ]nd-¶p. Xnc-sª-Sp-¡s - ]« {]hÀ¯-Ic - psS AXn-hn-]p-ea - mb I¬sh³j³28þ09-þ58\v tNÀ¶ ]\-¼Ån tKmhn-´-ta-t\m³ {]kn-Uv sI.-Zm-tam-Zc³,Fw-.]n.- a³a-Y³ (ssh-kv{]-kn-U³Uv)] - n.-F³.-]W - n-¡À(-sk-{I-«dn)-Fw.Fw.tPm¬(-{S-j-dÀ) F.]n. \¼ymÀ ,sI.sI \mbÀ, F.-_m-etKm-]m-e³, kn.sI amWn F¶n-hc - S§p¶ `c-Wk - a - n-Xnsb Xnc-sªSp¯p. tIcf {KÙ-im-em-kw-L¯ - n\v 1945- sXm-«v 77hsc H¼Xp {]knUp-amÀ,]t£ Hcp sk{I«dn ]n. F³ ]Wn-¡À \nb-am-\p-krXw sXc-ª-Sp-¡-s]« Xmeq¡v bqWn-b-\p-IÄ h¶-tXmsS HmÀK-ss\kÀamsc Hgn-hm-¡n. ]n.-Sn.`m-kvI-c-¸-Wn-¡À {]kn-U-mb ¡me¯mWv ]pXn-b-\n-c-h[n ]²-Xn-IÄ Gsä-Sp-¯-Xv. t\XrXz ]cn-io-e\hpw sse{_-dn-b³ ss{S\nwKv tImgvkpw,-km-£c - Xm {]hÀ¯-\hpw thcpI-Ä
103
(]t {]hÀ¯- \ - ] - ² - X n- b n htbm-P\ - h - n-²ym-`ym-kh - p-apv ae_m-dnÂ)Gsä-Sp-¯p. sse{_-dn, Pbn sse{_dn, Pqh- s s\ sse{_dn ,ImÀjnI ]pØ- I tImÀWÀ, km-i-c-tI-c-fw, {KÙtemIw, kplrZv kan- X nþ A§s\ Fs´ms¡ Ct¸m-gpÅ kvIoap-Is - f-]än ]cm-aÀjn-¡p-¶nÃ.
bâ v sk{I-«-dn-amÀ) ]n.-Pn. ]pcp-tjm-¯-a³]nÅ ({S-j-dÀ) F¶n-hÀ `mc-hm-ln-IÄ. ]t£ Xmbm«v i¦-c-sâbpw ]n.-F³ ]Wn-¡-cptSbpw s]mXp-{]-hÀ¯\ ssienIÄs]mcp-¯s - ¸«nÃ. km£-cX - m-{]-hÀ¯\w kwL-¯nÂ\n¶v thsd-bm-¡m³ NneÀ \S-¯nb {iahpw cmjv{So-bamb Nne `n¶-XI - fpw {]Xn-k´ - n-Ifpw aqÀNn-¨p. \mh-S¡ - p-Ibpw ]Wnsb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿m³ am{Xw A\p-hm-Za - pÅ ASn-b´ - n-cm-hØ b - psS kuIcyw D]-tbm-Kn¨v 1977 amÀ¨v 17 \v {KÙ-imem kwL-¯nsâ `cWw Kh¬saâ v Gsä-Sp-¯p. Kh¬saâ v t\man-t\äv sN¿p¶ I¬t{SmÄ t_mÀUp-If - mW vþ AXn-sâ- ^pÄssSw sk{{I«dnbmWv þ `cWw \S-¯n-bn-cp¶Xv.
1970 Unkw-_d - n \S¶ Pq_nen BtLm-jhpw AXnsâ aps¶mcp-¡-ambn Fgp-]Xv \hw-_À 8 apX Unkw-_À 20 hsc \S¶ kmwkvIm-cnI PmYbpw tIcfm {KÙ- i mem kwLw- ]- I z- X bmÀ¶ kmwkvIm-cnI {]Øm-\ambn DbÀ¶p F¶-Xnsâ {]Jym]-\-am-bn-cn-¶p. ]e Øe¯pw kmwkv I m- c nI DÕ- h - § - f mWv AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p \S-¶-Xv. hmbn¨p hf- c pI, Nn´n¨p hnthIw t\Sp-I F¶- a{´w tIcfo-b- a-\-Êp-I-fn Dd-¸n-¡p-hm³ PmYbv¡pw Pq_n-en¡pw km[n¨p. Xp©sâ ap{Z Igp- ¯ n Xq¡n Fgp-¯pImcpw kmwkvImcnI {]hÀ¯- I cpw tIc- f - ¯ nepS\ofw kmwkvIm-cnI \thm°m- \ - ¯ nsâ ktµ- i - h p- a mbn k©-c¡ - W - s - a¶v alm-Ihn hÅt¯mÄ aps¼m-cn-¡Â Blzm\w sNbvXn-«p--s{X. B hnfn-tI-«Xv tIcf {KÙ-imem kwL-am-Wv.
kwL-¯nsâ P\m-[n-]Xy kz`mhw ]p\: Øm]n-¡m\pw tIc-f¯ - n\v ka-{K-amb {KÙ-im-em\n-baw AwKo-Ic - n-¨p-In-«p-¶X - n-\pambn \S-¯nb [otcm-Zm-¯hpw A\p-kyqXhp-amb t]mcm-«-¯nsâ IYbpw ]cmaÀjnt¡-Xpv. P\m-[n-]Xy kz`mhw \jvSs - ¸-SmsX Hcp kwhn[m-\t- ¯mSv tbmPn-¡m³ hIp¸v Xe-h³amÀ¡v km[n-¡m-¯X - m-bn-cp¶p XS-Êw. a{´n-amÀ¡hsc XÅn-¡-f-bp-hm³ N¦q-ä-ap-m-hn-Ã-tÃm. HSp¡w 1989  C.sI \mb-\mÀ a{´n-k-`bnse hnZym-`ym-k-a-{´n-bmbn-cn¶ \nb-aÚ \ - mb sI. N{´-ti-Jc - sâ DÕm-l¯ - n-emWv {KÙim-em-\n-baw ]mkm-¡n-bX - v. AXp-{]Imcw Xnc-sª-Sp¸v \S¯n 94 G{]n 27 \v H¶mw sse{_dn Iu¬kn \ne-hn h¶p. {KÙ-imem- {]-hÀ¯-\¯ - nsâ P\-Iob kz`mhw XIÀ¯-Xpaqew kwL-¯n\p h¶ ]cn-¡p-IÄ DW-¡p-Ibpw, aµX \o¡p-Ibpw P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn[m\w ]p\: Øm]n-¸n-¡pI F¶ {iaIcamb IÀ¯-hy-am-bn-cn¶p H¶mw Iu¬kn-en\p \ÂIn-bn-cn-¶-Xv.
1973 þ sXc-sª-Sp-¸n CS-Xp]£ at\m-`m-h¡ - m-cmb {]hÀ¯I- c mWv `c- W - k - a n- X n- b n- t e¡v sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s]-«-Xv, F¶mepw `mc- h m- l n- I - f psS sXc- ª - S p¸v GI-I-WvT-ambn Xs¶ \S-¶p. s{]m^.-Xm-bm«v i¦-c³ ({]-knUâ v), ]n.-F³ ]Wn-¡À (P-\d -  sk{I-«d - n) BÀ A¨p-X³ \mbÀ, sX§aw _me-Ir-jvW³ (ssh kv {]kn-UâpamÀ), sF.-hn.-Zm-kv, sP.-cm-P-tKm-]m-e³ \mbÀ (tPm-
C\n ?
imkv{Xkmt¦-XnI cw-K¯ - p-mb hnkvt^m-S\ - ¯ - n-s\m-¸n¨v {KÙ-ime-Isf B[p-\n-Ih - X - vIc- n-¡pI F¶ cmw Iu¬kn-ensâ ap{ZmhmIyw hnSm-sX-bmWv aq¶mw sse{_dn Iu¬kn apt¶m«v t]mIp¶Xv. AtXm-sSm¸w ss]XrI kwc-£W - ¯ - n\v Du¶Â \ÂIp-¶pv. hnZym-eb - ¯ - n \n¶v sse{_-dn-bn-te¡v F¶ s]mXp-]c- n-]m-Sn-bp-apv. AsXms¡ icn ]s£ hmb\ acn-¡p-¶p-sh¶ {]Nm-ct- he Hcp hi-¯v, ]pkvXI - § - f- psS A\n-b{- ´n-Xa- mb hne hÀ²-\hv H¸w. XymK]qÀ®-amb s]mXp {]hÀ¯-\-t¯m-SpÅ aSp¸v Hcn-S-¯v. F´n\pw GXn\pw apS¡w krãn-¡p¶ _yqtdm-{I-kn-bpw. k¦oÀ®-amb AhØ-bn-emWv tIcf tÌäv sse{_dn Iu¬kn-ensâ \nÂ]v. F¶m al-¯mb ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ ]mtY-b-hp-ambn cmPy-kvt\-l-]-c-amb e£y-t¯msS \ap¡v {]bmWw XpSÀt¶ ]äq.
thcpI-Ä
104
Hcp Imä-Sn-s¨-¦nÂ? Imtäm! Imä-Sn-¡-W-sa-¦n \r¯-am-Sm³ Ce-IÄ tht? Ce-IÄ thW-sa-¦n ac-§Ä tht? ac-§Ä thW-sa-¦n a\p-jymÀ¯n-s¡mcdpXn tht? AXp-m-hn-Ã-, ]ns¶ F´n-\p-sh-dpsX Hcp Cfw Imän-\mbv sImXn-¡p-¶p ? Cu hnS-hm-§Â A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cu bm{X¡v A´y-an-Ã... Hcp sX¶Â h¶mepw CsÃ-¦n-epw...
thcpI-Ä
105
thcpI-Ä
106
apl-½Zv jn\m³ C.]n sk¡â v _n.-tImw. tIm. Hm¸v
{]W-bn\n .... \n\-¡mbv..... aªp XpÅn t]mse ]hn-{X-amb kvt\lw Ah-fn \n¶pw {]Xo£n-¨p-sIm-mWv Ahs\¶pw Im¼-kn-te-¡pÅ Hmtcm NphSpw h¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Iq«p-Im-tcm-sSm¯v Ifn- ¨ p- à - k n¨p \S- ¡ p- t ¼mgpw Ahtfm-SpÅ kvt\lw am{X-am-bncp-¶p. Ah-fpsS Hcp t\m«-¯n-\mtbm.. Hcp sNdp ]p©n--cn-¡m-tbm... Ahsâ DÅw sImXn-¡p-am-bn-cp¶p. Ah- t \m- S pÅ kv t \lw abnÂ]oen t]mse t\cn-bXpw ag-hnÃp t]mse at\m-lc - h - p-am-bncp-¶p.... Xsâ kvt\lw Ah-tfmSv Xpd¶p ]d- b m³ thn Ah- k - c - § Ä tXSn \S¡p-Ib - m-bncp¶p Ah³. X\n¡v Ah-tfm-SpÅ kvt\lw
Iq«p-Im-cp-ambn ]¦p-sh-bv¡m³ Ah³ `b-¶p. \ncmi ]qv Ah-sf¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-I-fp-ambn ]qt´m-«-¯n Hgn-hp-th-f-IÄ sNe-hn-«t¸mÄ Imäp-h¶v Ahsâ ImXp-If - n Xgp-In. Ahsâ kvt\lw AhtfmSv Xpd¶p ]d-bm³, ]q¡Ä Ahsâ I®p-If - n-te¡v t\m¡n samgnªp. C\nbpw sshIn-bn-«n-Ã.... HmWm-h-[n¡v tijw kpJ-I-c-amb HmÀ½-I-sfÃmw s]mXn-ªp-sI«n Ah³ Iym¼-kn-te¡p Xncn-¨p. Hcp ]p¯³ {]Wb-¯nsâ a[p-chpw \pWªp--sIm-mhmw C\n-bpÅ Xsâ Iem-eb PohnXw F¶-hsâ a\Êv a{´n-¨p. Hcp tdmkm-]q-hn a\Êp ]IÀ¯n Iym¼-kn-\p-Ån Ah³ AhÄ¡mbv Xncn-ªp. Ah-fpsS a\Êv Xs¶ \ntj-[n-¡n-sö ]qÀ® hnizm-kt- ¯msS At¸m-gmWv Iym¼-knse am©p-h«- n Hcp A¸q-¸³ XmSnsb Xmtem-en-¡p¶ Ahsf Ah³ I-Xv. sasà hnd¡p¶ ImÂ-]m-Z§ - t- fmsS Ah³ Ah-fpsS Acn-In-te¡v sN¶p. `bw Ahsâ hmbsb aqSn sI«n. H¶pw ]d-bm-\m-ImsX Ah³ A¸q¸³Xm-Snsb Xmtem-en¨p \n¡p¶ Ah-fpsS ap-Jt- ¯¡v t\m¡n \n¶p. Cfw Imän A-¸q-¸³ XmSn Ah-fpsS ssII-fn \n¶pw ]d¶-bÀ¶p.-Ah - ³ B A¸q-¸³ XmSnsb ssI F¯n-¸n-Sn-¨p. Xsâ s\t©mSv tNÀ¯p. am©p-h«- n \n¶pw \S-¶I - e - p¶ Ahsf t\m¡n Ah³ a\-Ên a{´n-¨p.
H¶pw ]d- b m- \ m- I msX Ah³ - n .....\n\-¡mbv .... Im¯pshþ A¸q- ¸ ³Xm- S nsb Xmtem- e n¨p th-\e s¨msc³ {]Wbw ..., Cu A¸q-¸³ \n¡p¶ Ah-fpsS ap-Jt- ¯¡v XmSn t]mse \n³ ssII-fn F¯n-¡mþ t\m¡n \n¶p. ³ Ign-ªncps¶-¦n ......
thcpI-Ä
107
amKkn³ kanXn
Bgv¶nd§nbhÀ \½psS a\kn thcpd¸n¨v Iqcncp«n Hcmbncw kqcy³amcpsS tXPÊpambn ]Ss]mcpXnb abne½bpw k±mlpssk\pw t_\koÀ _qt«mbpw..... A£c§sf AKv\nbm¡n X§fpsS XqenIIÄsImv aebmf kmlnXy¯n hk´w XoÀ¯ Fw.F³. hnPb\pw kn.hnbpw kn.tZhcmP\psaÃmw C\n lrZb§fn am{Xw.
Fw. F³. hnP-b³ ae-bm-f-¯nse {]ikvX kmlnXy \ncq-]-I-\pw, `mjm-²ym-]-I\pw CS-Xp-]£ Nn´-I-\p-amb hnP-b³ amjv 2007 HtÎm-_À 3\v Xriqcn sh¨v A´-cn-¨p. tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW] - n-Åb - psS \ncq-]WmZÀiw At±-l-¯nsâ Ime-¯n\v tijw kaÀ°-hpw, kÀ¤m-ß-I-hp-ambn ]n´p-SÀ¶ \ncq-]-I-\mWv Fw.-F³. hnP-b³. B\ Ctdm-«nkw F¶ k¦Â]s¯ BZm-c-am-¡n-bpÅ At±-l-¯nsâ ]T-\-amWv BZys¯ a\x-im-kv{X-]-T-\-ambn IW-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CS-Xp-]£ Nn´-I³ F¶mWv Fw. F³ hnP-bs\ s]mXpsh hnti-jn-¡s - ¸-Sp¶-Xv. ]ptcm-Ka\ Iem-km-ln-Xy-¯nsâ A[y-£-\mbpw tZim-`n-am\n hmcn-Ib - psS ]{Xm-[n-]c - mbpw Ct±lw {]hÀ¯n-¨n-«p-v. kn.-]n. sF.Fw. Hcp hn¹-h-]mÀ«n-bm-sW¶pw A¯cw kwLS-\-¡-I¯v Imäpw shfn-¨hpw IS-¶p-h-cp-¶Xv B]-¯m-Wv F¶ Fw. F³ hnP-bsâ hne-bn-cp-¯Â hnhm-Zhpw hfsc hmÀ¯m {]m[m-\y-hp-ap-m-¡n. hnaX amÀ¡nÌv ]£-¯nsâ IqsS-bm-bn-cp¶p At±-l¯ - nsâ Ah-km\w Imew. a\p-jyÀ ]mÀ¡p¶ temI-§Ä, NnX-bnse shfn-¨w, amXr-`qan-IÄ ]q¡p-t¼mÄ, ImgvN¸ - mSv XpS-§n-bh - b - mWv Fw. F³ hnP-bsâ {][m\ IrXn-IÄ. thcpI-Ä
108
kn.-hn. {iocm-a³ 1931-þ s^{_p-hcn 7\v sNdp-Xp-cp-¯n-bn P\n¨ kn. hn. {iocm-a³ ae-bm-f¯ - nse {]apJ sNdp-IY - m-Ir¯pw t\mh-en-Ìp-am--bn-cp-¶p. IYm X´p-hn-t\mSv \oXn-]p-eÀ¯p-¶h - b - mWv kn.-hn. {iocm-asâ IY-IÄ. A\m-bt- k\ ac-Ww, sdbnÂsh ]mf-§Ä F¶nh At±-l¯ - nsâ - nsâ {]i-kvXa - mb IY-If - m-Wv. {iocm-asâ IY-IÄ F¶ At±-l¯ sNdp-IYmkamlmc-¯n\v 1999-þ tI{µ kmlnXy A¡m-Za-n ]pckvImcw e`n-¨p. _meyhpw {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-khpw {ioe-¦-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v Ipµw-Ipfw Kh. sslkvIqÄ Xr-iqÀ skâ v tXmakv tImtf-Pv, awKem-]pcw skâÀ Ate-jykv tImtf-Pv, a{Zmkv tem tImtfPv F¶n-hnS-§f - n \n¶mbn hnZym-`ym-kw. 7 hÀjw B´-am³ \nt¡m-_mÀ Zzo]k-aq-l¯ - n Ing-¡³ _wKmÄ A`-bmÀ°n-Isf IpSntbdn ]mÀ¸n¡p¶ hIp-¸n DtZym-K-Ø-\m-bn-cp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v tIc-f-¯n h¡oembn {]mÎo-kv XpS-§n. tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan FIvkn-Iyq-«ohv I½n-än-AwKhpw tI{µ kmlnXy A¡m-Z-an-AwK-ambpw {]hÀ¯n-¨p. 2007-þ HtÎm-_À 10\v Cu temI-t¯mSv At±lw hnS-]-d-ªp.
kn. tZh-cm-P³ Xsâ- am-kvac - nI kwKoXw sImv ae-bmfn a\-Êp-If - psS lrZbw IhÀ¶ tZh-cm-P³ amÌÀ sImÃw PnÃ-bnse ]d-hq-cn P\n-¨p. ap¶qdn-tesd ae-bmf Nn{X§Ä¡v At²lw kwKoXw ]IÀ¶p \ÂIn. CXn\p ]pdta ]e-\m-S-I-§Ä¡pw Ccp-]Xv Xangv Ne-Nn-{X-§Ä¡pw, 4 I¶U Ne-Nn-{X-§Ä¡pw At²lw Xsâ tZh-cm-K§Ä ]IÀ¶p \ÂIn. ae-bm-f-¯nse \nXy lcnX Km\-§-fmWv tZh-cm-P³ amÌdpsS Km\-§-fn ]e-Xpw. Xan-gvNn-{X-amb Ass® thfm-¦®n F¶-Nn-{X-¯nse Km\w hfsc {]iØ-am-bn-cn-¶p. tIc-fk - À¡m-cnsâ Gähpw \à Ne-Nn{X kwKoX kwhn-[m-bI - \ - pÅ ]pc-kvImcw A©v XhW tZh-cm-P³ t\Sn. 18þmw hb-Ên At±lw Xsâ- B-Zys¯ imkv{Xob kwKoX It¨cn \S-¯n. I½yq-WnÌv {]Øm-\-¯n-te¡v BIr-jvS-\mb tZh-cm-P³ amÌÀ Xsâ kÀKm-ßI P\-Iob kwKo-X-¯n-\mbn kaÀ¸n-¨p. \mSIcw-K¯v {]i-Øa - mb K.P.A.C bn At²lw tNÀ¶p. s]m¶- w-K¯v {i² cn-hm-f¼ - n-fn-bnev Is®-dn-bp-t¶msf F¶ Km\w \mS-Ic t\Sn. K.P.A.C. ¡pw AXnse AwK-§Ä¡pw I½yq-WnÌv XXz-imkv{Xt¯mSv Hcp XmbvNph-Sm-bncp¶p. \n§-fs¶ Iayq-Wn-Ìm¡n F¶ -\m-SIw tZh-cm-Psâ kwKoX Pohn-X-¯n\v hgn-¯n-cn-hm-bn. ae-bmf Ne-Nn{X Km\-§-fn Gähpw IqSp-X cw-K-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn- f - psS IÀ¯m-hmb ¨Xv Hcp ]t£ tZh-cm-P\ - m-bn-cn-¡pw. tZh-cm-K§ tZh-cm-Ps - \- tem-I¯ - nsâ \m\m- `m-K§ - f - n-ep-apÅ ae-bm-fn-IÄ kvacn¡p-¶p.79-þmw hb-Ên 2007-amÀ¨v 14\v B kwKo-X- N-{I-hÀ¯n Acs§m-gn-ªp. At±lw Poh³ ]IÀ¶ kwKo-X-§-fn-eqsS C¶pw At±lw Pohn-¡p¶p. thcpI-Ä
109
abn-e½ km{am-PyXz k´-Xn-bmb sIm¡-tIm-fs - ¡-Xnsc ]S-\b - n-¡p-¶Xn\v ap³ \nc-bn \n¶v kss[cyw t]mcm-Snb [oc-h\ - n-Xb - mWv abn-e½ - . ¹m¨n-aS- b - nse tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡m-cn \n¶pw IhÀs¶-Sp-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ Pe¯nâbpw aäp {]IrXn hn`-h-§-fp-sSbpw \jvS-§-sf¡p-dn¨v AhKmlw Dm-¡nsbSp¡m\pw Ahsc X\n-s¡m¸w {]Xn-tj-[¯ - nsâ hgn-bn-te¡v Iq«ns¡mphcm\pw abn-e½ - ¡v Ignªp. sIm¡-tImf ^mIväd- n-bnse Xs¶ Hcp sXmgn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp¶ abn-e½ sIm¡tImf hncp² I½än Dm¡ns¡mv kÔn-bn-Ãm-ka - cw {]Jym-]n-¨p. ssZh¯nsâ hc-Zm-\a - mbn \ap¡vIn«nb ]pgbpw aäp {]IrXn hn`-h§ - fpw ImÀs¶-Sp-¡p-I-bpw- a-en-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ Cu [oc-h\nX t]mcm-Sn-bXv Xsâ kz´w Bh-iy-§Ä¡-Ã, adn¨v \ap¡v thnbm- b n- c n¶p, P\- X ¡v thn- b m- b n- c n- ¶ p. outlook ho¡n-en-bpsS AhmÀUv Ahsc t¯Sn-sb¯nbn«pv. 2007 P\p-h-cn-bn AhÀ t]mÀ¡-f¯ - n \n¶pw bm{X-bmbn....... Nqj-Wa - n-Ãm-¯, ka-ca - n-Ãm¯ temI- t ¯- ¡ v . kaq- l - ¯ nâ \m\m- X p- d - I - f nepÅhcpw AhÀ¡v At´ym-]N - mcw AÀ¸n¨p.
t_\-koÀ `qt«m ]m¡n-Øm³ P\m-[n-]X - y-¯nsâ Ah-km\ {]Xo-£b - m-bn-cn¶ t_\koÀ `qt«m-Nm-thÀ B{I-a-W-¯n sIme-sN-¿-s¸-«p. t_\-koÀ Hcp kp¯m-\s - b-t¸msebmbn-cn¶p. [oc-\mb ]nXm-hnsâ ]cm-{I-an-bmb aIÄ . cmPy-¯nsâ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-¯n \n¶pw Xq¡p-ac¯nte¡v \S¶p t]mb- ]n-Xmhv, sIme-sN-¿s - ¸« ktlm-Zc - ³, IpSpw-_¯ - n \n¶p-X-s¶-bp-mb Xncn-¨-Sn-IÄ, `À¯m-hp-m-¡nb hnhm-Z-§Ä, A[n-Im-c-¯n \n¶pw cp h«w ]pd-¯m-¡Â, Hcp ZiIw \o {]hmkn Pohn-Xw XpS-§nb {]Xn-kÔn-IÄ \n-dª X - m-bn-cn¶p t_\ko-dnsâ Pohn-Xw. P\p-hc - nbn sXc-sª-Sp¸v \S-¡m-\n-cns¡ t_\ko-dnsâ sIme-]m-XIw ]m¡n-Ømsâ P\m-[n-]X - y-`mhnsb Ccp«nem-gv¯n. \m«n-te-¡pÅ aS-§n-h-chv Hcp ]t£- a-c-W-¯n-te-¡m-Imsa¶v t_\ko-dn\v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. ac-W-¯n\p ap¶n ap«p-a-S¡msX Ah-km-\i - zmkw hsc t]mcm-Sm³ Xs¶bmbn-cn¶p `qt«m ]p{Xn-bpsS Xocp-am\w. cmPyw A]-I-S-¯n-em-sW-¶-dnbmw F¶-XpsIm-mWv Fsâ Poh³ Xs¶ ]W-bs - ¸-Sp¯n Rm³ ChnsS h¶Xv. P\-§-fmsI `b-s¸«p Ign-bp-I-bm-Wv. \½Ä Cu cmPys¯ {]Xnk-Ôn-bn \n¶v Ic-I-bäpw. F¶ Ah-cpsS Ah-km\ hm¡p-IÄ t]mepw ASn]-X-dm¯ [oc-X-¡pÅ D¯-tam-Zm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv. thcpI-Ä
110
k±mw lpssk³ Ata-cn-¡³ km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-s\-Xnsc t]mcmSn temI P\-X¡p ap¼n Xsâ [ocX ImgvN sh¨ k±mw lpssksâ A´yhpw [o-ca - mbncp¶p. _Akv ]mÀ-«nbpsS Xe-h-\m-bn-cp¶ At±-l¯nsâ `c-W-¯n\p Iogn atX-Xc Ad_n hmZw, km¼-¯nI ]cn-jvIm-c§ - Ä, Ad_v tkmjy-enkw F¶nh Cdm¡v kzoI-cn¨p. Cdm-¡ns\ \ho-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnepw Ad_v D]-`q-J-WvV-¯n Cdm-Jn\v ØncX \ÂIp-¶-Xnepw k±m-ansâ `cWw klm-bn¨p. _Akv ]mÀ«n- A[n- I m- c ¯n sImp- h ¶ 1968- þ se ssk\nI A«n-ad - n-bpsS Hcp {][m\ kwLm-SI - ³ k±mw lpsk\m-bn-cp-¶p. At±-l-¯nsâ `c-W-Im-e-¯mWv Cdm³ þ Cdm-Jv bp²w., KÄ^v bp²w F¶nh \S-¶X - v. Xsâ `c-Ws¯ AØnc-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ apt¶-ä-§sf At±lw ASn-¨-aÀ¯n. C{km-tb-ens\-Xn-cmbpw Ata-cn-¡bv¡v FXn-cmbpw N¦p-dt- ¸msS \ne sIm Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp¶p k±mw F¶-XmWv Cu P\-{]n-Xn¡v Imc-Ww. Ata-cn-¡-bpsS CdmJv A[n-\n-th-j-¯n\p tijw k±mw Hcp Unkw-_À 13-þ\v ]nSn-Iq-Ss - ¸-«p. tUmÎÀamÀ, h¡o-e³amÀ, Atacn-¡³ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ F¶n-h-cpsS ap¼n sh¨v k±mw 2006 Unkw-_À 30 cmhnse 6 aWn¡v Xq¡nteä-s¸-«p.
]ßn\n X\-Xmb A`n-\b NmcpX sImpw \r¯ Nph-Sp-IÄsImpw hnf-§nb C´y³ kn\n-ab - nse \mbnI ]ßn\n 2006 sk]vXw-_À 26\v Ac-s§m-gn-ªp. lnµn, sXep¦v, Xan-gv, ae-bmfw XpS§nb `mj-I-fnse \m\q-tdmfw kn\n-a-I-fn A`n-\-bn-¨n-«p-v. ]ßn\n FÃm `mj-If - nepw Uºnw-Kn\v Xsâ i_vZw Xs¶-bmWv D]-tbm- mbn kn\nam Kn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. I¸\ F¶ Nn{X-¯n-eqsS \mbn-Ib Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v {]th-in¨ ]ßn\n C´y³ kn\n-a-bnse CXnlmk Xmc-§-fmb Fw.-Pn.-BÀ, inhmPn KtW-j³, t{]w\-koÀ, cmPvI] - qÀ F¶n-hÀs¡m-¸s - aÃmw \mbn-Ib - mbn A`n-\b - n-¨p. ap¸Xv hÀjw kn\nam PohnXw \bn¨ ]ßn-\n-sb t- XSn `mjm-]c - a - mb Ign-hp-IÄ¡v sImSp-¡p¶ AhmÀUp-Ifpw tXSn-sb-¯n. 1961-þ hnhm-l-tijw kn\n-an-bn \n¶pw ]mXn-hn-«p-\n¶v `c-X\mSyw F¶ \r¯-I-e-bn-te¡v IqSp-X {i² sNep-¯n. Ata-cn¡-bn Ønc-Xm-a-k-am-¡nb A-hÀ 1977-þ ¢mkn¡Â \r¯ hnZym-ebw \yq tPgvkn-bn XpS-§n. C¶v Ata-cn-¡-bn Gähpw IqSp-X Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp hnZym-e-b-amWv ]ßn\n ss^³ - w-`h - w, t\m¡¯m Zqc¯v BÀSvkv. hnhm-ln-X, A[ym-]n-I, Ipam-ck I®pw \«v, hmkvXp lmc, tUmfÀ F¶nh ]ßn-\n-bpsS {][m-\s¸« ae-bmf kn\n-a-I-fm-Wv. thcpI-Ä
111
ADVT - 7
thcpI-Ä
112
dnt¸mÀ«v
tNmÀ¶p sImn- c n- ¡ p¶ aebmf X\n- a bv¡v DuÀÖw ]IÀ¶v ae- b m- f - k w- k vIm- c ¯nsâ ss]XrIw sXm«-dnªv ae-bm-f-thZn skâ v taco-kn ]q¯p-eªp \n¡p-¶p. 2007þ2008 hÀj- Ime- b - f - h n tImtfPv Ncn- { X- ¯ n Xs¶ BZy-ambn Acn-b-ÃqÀ kp-{_-aWy\pw kwLhpw ae-bm-f-th-ZnbpsS B`nap-Jy-¯n \S-¯nb A`n- \ bIfcn F¶ kwcw`w hnZymÀ°n-I-fnse A`n-\-b-Iesb sXm«p- W À¯n. ae- b m- f thZn ¢mkm-Sn-Øm-\-¯n \S¯nb NpaÀ]{X§sfÃmw D¶-X\n-e-hmcw ]peÀ¯p-¶-hbmbncn¶p. IÂ]-S-hp-IÄ F¶ -t]-cn sk¡â v _n.F CIvtWm-anIvkv {]kn-²o-Ic - n¨ NpaÀ]{Xw H¶mw Øm\w Ic-Ø-am-¡n. FÃm-hÀjhpw ae-bm-f-thZn \S¯p¶ kmlnXy IznÊv Cu hÀjhpw hfsc `wKn-bmbn \S¶p. kmlnXy IznÊn sk¡â v_n.F C¥o-jnse jnâptPm¬ H¶mw k½m\w t\Sn. 2007- þ 2008 hÀjs¯ ae- b m- f thZn-bp-sS-hmÀjn-tIm-Õh - ¯ - n {]ikvX sNdp-I-Ym-Ir¯v ]n. kptc- { µâ- b pw, Ihn aW- ¼ qÀ cmP³_m-_p-hn-sâbpw km¶n²yw sImv {it²-bam-bn. AYn-Xn-Isf kzoI-cn¨ a¬Nn-cm-
ae-bmf X\n-abv¡v DuÀÖw ]IÀ¶v ae-bm-f-thZn
Xnsâ shfn¨w aebm-f-¯nsâ shfn-¨-am-sW¶pw C¯cw ae-bmf kwkvIm-c-¯n-sâ- ap-{Z-IÄ Im¯p-kq-£n-¡-W-sa¶pw HmÀ½n-¸n¨ps¡mv ]n. kptc{µ³ kÀ ae-bm-ft- h-Zn-bpsS H¼Xmw hmÀjn-I¯n\v XncnsXfn-bn-¨p. {io aW-¼qÀ cmP³_m_p, ^m. Pbnwkv Nntä¯v, ^m: tPmk^v Ipän-b¯ - v, ^m: BâWn Xc-I³ ]d¼nÂ, ^m. tPmkv ]md-bnÂ, {]n³kn-¸Â ^m. amÀ«n³ sNdp-a-T-¯n F¶n-hÀ apJy {]`m-jWw \S-¯n. ae-bm-f-th-Zn-bpsS ae-bm-f-Zo]w ]{Xw A§m-Sn-¸pdw ]©m-b¯v {]kn-Uâ v djo-Z-en-bn \n¶pw {io.aW¼qÀ cmP³ _m_p Gäp-hm-§n sImv {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v \r¯inÂ]-w, Hm«³Xp-Å F¶o Iem-cq-]-§fpw, kmPp AÑsâ t\Xr-¯n \S-¶ ae-bmf am[p-cn-bpsS Km\-ta-fbpw Ac-t§-dn. aebm-ft- hZn sNbÀam³ hmkp-tZ-h³ \µn {]Im-in-¸n-¨p-sImv 9þmw ae-bm-f-thZn hmÀjn-I-¯n\v Xnc-Èoe hoWp.
hmkptZh³ sNbÀam³
D®nIrjvW³ tPm. sk{I«dn
im´oIrjvW eoem hnPb³
sshkv sNbÀam³ Ìm^v tIm. HmÀUnt\äÀ
thcpI-Ä
113
skâ v taco-knsâ DÅ-dn-bm³ F¯nb hntZ-in-IÄ tZi-¯nsâ AXnÀ hc-¼p-IÄ t`Zn¨v \½psS tImtfPv kµÀin¡m³ 2005 þ 06 hÀj-¯n cv kwL-§Ä Cä-en-bn \n¶pw F¯n. kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-¼c - y§-fpsS ssIam-ä-am-bn-cp-¶p AhcpsS kµÀi\ e£yw. lmÀZ amb kzoI-c-W-t¯msS skâ v tacokv AXnsâ FÃm BXn tYb acymZ-Ifpw ImWn-¨p. tIcf ¯\na \ndª Iem-cq-]-§Ä B kwL-§-fpsS lrZbw Ih À¶p. ¢mkp-I-fn CS-]-g-In-bncn¶pw, Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ Ah-Xcn-¸n¨pw Ip«n-IÄ Ah-cp-am-bpÅ kulrZw Du«n-bp-d-¸n-¨p. `mjm]-cn-an-Xn-IÄIXo-Xa - mbn A\p-`h - §Ä ]¦p--s h- ¨ p- sIm- pÅ skâ v taco- k nsâ \njv I - f - ¦ s]cp-am-ä-§Ä- A-hsc R§-fnte¡v IqSp-X BIr-jvS-cm-¡n. GXm\pw Znh- k s¯ R§fpambpÅ CS-]-g-Ien\ptijw Hcp-]mSv A\p-`h-§Ä R§Ä¡v \ÂIn thZ-\t- bmsS AhÀ R§fn \n¶pw hnS-]-d-ªp.
thcpI-Ä
114
hyànXz hnI-k\ Iym¼v 2007-þ08 N.S.S sâ B`n-ap-Jy-¯n aq¶p Znh- k s¯ hy ànXz hnI- k \ Iym¼v tImtf-Pn kwL-Sn-¸n-¨p. hyànXz hnI-k-\-¯n\v th FÃm LS-I-§fpw Cu ¢m-kn DÄsIm-Ån¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. cmw hÀj _ncpZ hnZymÀ°n- I Ä ¡mbn kwL-Sn-¸n¨ ¢m kn 74 hnZymÀ°n-IÄ DÕm-l-t¯msS ]s¦-Sp¯p. hÀKokv t]mÄ kmdn sâ t\XrXz¯n \S¶ ¢mkn awKÂZmkv kmÀ, PntPm kmÀ XpS- § n- b hcpw ]s¦- S p- ¯ p. Nn«bmbn ka-b-{I-ao-I-cWw \S- ¯ nb ¢mkv Hmtcm hnZymÀ°n¡pw ]p¯\\p`-h§ - f - pw, ImgvN] - mSpIfpw \ÂIn. Iym¼nsâ hnP-b¯n-\mbn tImtfPv Ìm^pw, t\m¬ So¨nwKv Ìm^n se AwK-§fpw kPo-hambn ]s¦-Sp-¯p. ¢mkn sâ Ah- k m\ Znhkw Imªn-c¸ -- pg Uman-te¡v Hcp kµÀi-\hpw kwLSn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.
thcpI-Ä
115
HmWm-tLmjw 2007 hÀj-¯n ae-bm-f-thZn \S-¯nb HmWm- t Lmjw hfsc at\m- l - c hpw I®n\p IpfnÀa \ÂIp-¶-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]q¡f aÕ-c-t¯mSp IqSn Bcw-`n¨ HmWm-tLmj-¯n\v Ip¸n-bn shÅw \nd-¡Â, ap«-tb-dv, ssI¸¡ Xoä, t_mÄ ]mÊn-§v, hSw-h-en F¶o aÕ-c-§Ä IqSp-X sImgp-t¸-In. ]q¡-f-§-sfÃmw Xs¶ hfsc hyXy-ا - fpw D¶X \nehmcw ]p-eÀ¯p-¶X - p-am-bn-cp-¶p. skan\mcn-bn \n¶pw Bcw-`n¨ amth-en-bpsS tLmj- bm- { X¡v ]q¯m- e - t a- ´ nb aebmf a¦IÄ AI- ¼ - S n- b m- b n. amthentbmsSm¸w h¶ hma-\\pw ]penI-fp-saÃmw ]p¯³ A\p-`-h-§-fm-bn. amth-en-tbmSpÅ ]p¯³ Xe-apd tNmZy§fpw D¯-c-§fpw kµÀ`s¯ IqSpX ck-I-c-am-¡n. hfsc hmin-tb-dnb hSw hen aÕ-c-¯n\p tijw ]mb-khn- X - c - W - t ¯msS 2007- þ se HmWmtLmjw Ah-km-\n-¨p.
thcpI-Ä
116
tImtfPv {In¡Áv Sow.
AÀjmZv kvt]mÀSvkv Iym]vä³
tImtfPv thmfn_mÄ Sow.
thcpI-Ä
117
thcpI-Ä
118
^mbnkv
BÀSvkv Iym]vä³
j_v\
IemXneIw
{ioPn¯v Iem{]Xn`
thcpI-Ä
119
ADVT - 8
thcpI-Ä
120
skâ v tacokn\v shfn¨w ]Icp¶hÀ....
STAFF
Atkmkntbj\pIfneqsS.....
Cw¥ojv Atkmkntbjsâbpw sImtagvkv Atkmkntbjsâbpw DZvLmS\ NS§pIfn \n¶pw...
thcpI-Ä
121
tkmWn BâWn ^Ìv _n. tImw.
Hcp -s]-en-¡³ ]£n-sb-t¸m-se.... tZhm-eb - ¯ - n {]Xn-jvTn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ s]en-¡³ ]£n-bp-sSbpw Ipªp§-fp-sSbpw Nn{Xw ImWp-t¼mÄ Ah\v tZjyhpw shdp-¸p-amWv tXm¶m-dv. ]e-t¸mgpw B Nn{X-t¯m-SpÅ shdp¸p ImcWw Ah³ tZhm-eb - ¯ - n t]mIm-dp-Iq-Sn-bn-Ã. amXr-kvt\-l¯ - nsâ {]Xo-Ia - mb B ]£n Xsâ s\©nse Ahm-k\ XpÅn cIvXw t]mepw Xsâ Ipªp-§Ä¡mbn \ÂIn ]nSªv ]nSªv acn-¡p-¶p. F¶m C¶s¯ A½-amÀ¡v Cu ]£n-tbmSv F´v kmay-am-Wp-ÅXv? {]khn-¨Xv sImv am{Xw Hcp-hÄ A½-bm-Iptam? D¯cw In«m-¯Xpw Ah-km-\-an-Ãm-¯-Xp-amb Ahsâ tNmZy-§Ä \nc-h-[n-bmWv. A½
CXn- s \Ãmw ImcWw X\n¡v P³aw \ÂInb B \in-¨h - f- m-Wv. F{Xtbm Ipªp-§sf DZ-c¯ - n sh¨p Xs¶ sIm¶p If-bp-¶p.
F¶ B hm¡n-t\mSv AsÃ-¦n B hyàn-tbmSv Ah\v C{X-b[ - nIw shdp-¸p-m-Im³ Imc-Wa - p-v. ]¯p-amkw Npa¶v s\m´p {]k-hn¨ GtXm Ip¸-s¯m-«n-bn Dt]-£n-¨-XmWv Ahs\ Ahsâ A½. HmÀ½n-¡m³ Ah\v \à Hcp _mey-an-Ã. Xmcm-«nsâ CuWw CXphsc tI«-n«nÃ. CW-§m\pw ]nW-§m\pw ktlm-Z-c-§fpw _Ôp-¡fp-an-Ã. kaq-l-¯nsâ ]cn-lm-khpw \nµ-bpw, FhnsS sN¶mepw X´bv¡v ]nd-¡m-¯h - ³ F¶ Ip¯p-hm-¡pw. thcpI-Ä
122
A¶v B sagp- I p- X ncn sh«- ¯ n Ah³ BZy- a mbn A½sb Ip. amXr-kvt\lw A\p-`h - n-¨p. tZhm-eb - ¯nse aWn- ¡ q- d p- I Ä \nan- j §Ät¸mse IS-¶p-t]m-bn. CXn- s \Ãmw ImcWw X\n¡v P³aw \ÂInb B \in-¨-h-fmWv. F{Xtbm Ipªp-§sf DZ-c¯n sh¨p Xs¶ sIm¶p Ifbp-¶p. Xs¶bpw sIm¶pIq-Sm-bncp-t¶m. F´n\v Cu \in¨ `qanbn C§s\ BÀ¡pw thm¯- h - \ m- b n? HmÀ¡p- t ´mdpw Ah\v tZjyhpw shdp¸pw IqSn IqSn h¶p. A¶v Ah³ tZhm- e - b - ¯ n t]mbn-Ã. AsÃ-¦n Rmb-dm-gvNsb-¦nepw t]mImdv ]Xn-hm-bn-cp¶p. XnI¨pw \nÀhn-Im-c\ - mb Hcp hyàn- s b- t ¸m- s e- b m- b n- c p- ¶ p. kz´w A½- t bm- S pÅ shdp¸v temI-t¯mSp Xs¶-bpÅ shdp¸mbn ]cn-Wa - n-¨p. Hcn-¡epw A½ F¶ ]Zw Ah³ DÑcn-¨n-«n-Ã. B \in-¨-hÄ AXm-bn-cp¶p Ah³ kwt_m- [ \ sN¿p¶ ]Zw. Ipd¨p \mÄ-¡p-aps¼ chn sImSp¯ Hcp s]en-¡³ ]£nsb- t ¸mse Rm\pw F¶ ]pkvXIw Ahsâ shbvÌv Ip«bpsS Acn-In Ae-t¦m-e-s¸-«pIn-S¡ - p-¶Xv Ah³ Ip. BZyw B ]pkvXIw FSp-¯p-sImv t]mbn I¯n¨p If- ª mtem F¶p tXm- ¶ n. \ndª shdpt¸mSpw AXn- t esd {IqcX \ndª Hcp a\tÊmSpw IqSnbmWv Ah³ ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ ASp- t ¯bv ¡ v \S- ¶ - S p- ¯ - X v . ]pkvXIw I¿n-se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah\v Hcp hnIm-chpw Dm-bn-cp¶n-Ã. XnI¨p \nÀhnIm-chpw `bm\-I-hp-amb Hc-h-Ø. F´nt\m thn Xsâ lrZbw AXn ITn\-ambn XpSn-¡p-¶p. ]pkvXI - ¯ - neqsS Adn-bmsX HmSn \S-¶p. B
Hm«-¯n-\n-Sb - n ]pkvXI - ¯ - nse s]mSnbpw sNfnbpw amªp t]mbn. \à at\m-l-c-amb Hcp-]p-kvX-I-ambn AXp-amdn hopw-hopw a\Ên hÃm¯ Hcp then-tbäw F´nt\m thn-bpÅ then-tb-äw.A-h³ ]pkvXIw sasà adn¨p t\m¡n. AXnse BZys¯ hmNIw C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]qhns\ kpK-Ô-sa-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv a\p-jylr-Z-b-§fnse kvt\lw Cu kvt\lw AXnsâ ]qÀ®-X-bn \ap¡v e-`n-¡p-¶Xv A½-bn \n¶m-Wv. AXnsâ IqsS CXpw IqSn Ah³ Ip«n hmbn-¨p. temI-¯nse Gähpw A\p-{K-lo-Xa - mb ]Zhpw A½ F¶m-Wv. ]pkv-XIw hmbn-¡p-t´mdpw Ah\v amXr-kvt\-l¯nsâ hmÕey ]qÀ®-amb HcpX-tem-S A\p-`-h-s¸«p XpS-§n. hopw hopw ]pkvXIw hmbn-¡m³ Ahsâ a\Êv XpSn-¡p-Ib - mbn-cp-¶p. Ah³ B ]pkvXIw Hä-bn-cp-¸n hmbn¨p XoÀ¯p. A{Xbpw \mÄ F´n-\mtWm temI-s¯bpw A½-sbbpw shdp-¯Xv AXv Ipdª \nan-j§ - Ä¡p-Ån B ]pkvX - Iw {]Zm\w sNbvXp. F¶v Ah\v a-\Ê - n-em-bn. Ahsâ Npp-IÄ Adn-bmsX a{´n-¨p. C{X a[p-cn-¡ptam amXr-kvt\-lw. Hcp ]pkvX-I-¯n \n¶v amXrkvt\-l-¯n\v tX³XpÅn In\n-bp¶ Ah-Ø-sb-¦n t\cn-«-\p-`hn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnsâ am[pcyw F{X-b-[n-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw. s\t©mSp tNÀ¯p-sh¨ B ]pkvXIw s\©n InS¶v Xmc-«p-]m-Sp-¶X - mbn Ah\p tXm¶n. hmÕey Npw_-\§ - Ä s]mgn-¡p-¶X - mbn tXm¶n. Ahsâ lrZ-b-¯nse shdp¸pw tZjyhpw aªp-Xp-Ån-t]mse DcpIn-sbm-en-¨p. A½-bpsS km¶n-²yhpw kvt\lhpw Hcp ]pkvXI - ¯n-eqsS A\p-`-hn-¨-t¸mÄ Ah³ ]pXnb Hcp a\p-jy-\mbn amdn. temIw apgp-h³ Iog-S-¡nb kt´m-j-hpw, kwXr-]vXnbpw Ah-\n ZÀin-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p. Xsâ A½-bpsS amXr-kvt\-ls¯ AsÃ-¦n amXr-Xzs¯ D]-an--¡p¶ B km¦Â¸nI ]£nsbt¸mse Ah-km\ XpÅn càw t]mepw X\n-¡p-thn Nn´n ]nSªp ]nS-ªmWp acn-¨s - X-¦n-tem. HmÀ¯-t¸mÄ A¶p hsc Ah³ A\p-`h - n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp s\m¼cw Ahsâ a\-Êns\ Iodn-ap-dn-¨p. Ah³ \njvIf - ¦ - \ - mbn, kv t \lhpw Icp- W bpw DÅ- h - \ mbn FÃm- ä n- \ p- ] - c n- b m- b n- a m- d n. ]pkvXIw s\©n \n¶v thÀs]-Sp-¯n-b-t¸mÄ Ah\v BZyw tXm¶n-bXv tZhm-eb - ¯ - n-te¡v HmS-m\m-Wv. amXr-Xz-¯nsâ _m¡n Xm³ tZjy-t¯mSpw shdp-t¸m-Sp-IqSn I B XÅ-]-£n-bp-sSbpw Ipªp-§-fpsSbpw Nn{X-¯n-ep-m-Ip-sa¶v Ah\v Dd-¸m-bn-cp-¶p. Ah³ HmSn tZhm-e-b-¯nse Ac sagp-Ip-Xncn shfn-¨-¯n B X-Å-]-£n-bpsS apJw IqSp-X {]Im-in-X-ambn tXm¶n. s\©nse Ah-km\ XpÅn càw t]mepw Xsâ Ipªp-§Ä¡mbn \ÂIpt¼mgpw AXnsâ apJ¯v thZ-\-bpsS t\cnb Hcp km¶n-²y-¯n t]mepw kt´m-jhpw hmÕ-eyhpw apän \n¡p-¶p. kz´w sIm¡v sImv N¦v sIm¯n-]-dn-¡p-t¼mgpw AXnsâ I®p-I-fn \n¶v kvt\l-¯nsâ hmÕ-ey-¯nsâ \ocpdh s]m«n-sbm-en-¡p-¶p. A¶v B sagp-Ip-Xncn sh«-¯n Ah³ BZy-ambn A½sb Ip. amXrkvt\lw A\p-`-hn-¨p. tZhm-e-b-¯nse aWn-¡q-dp-IÄ \nan-j§Ät¸mse IS-¶p-t]m-bn. Ah³ tZhm-ebw hn«v ]pd-¯n-d-§pt¼mÄ _mey-¯nsâ \dp-aWw s]mgn-¡p¶ Hcp sIm¨p ]pjv]a - mbn-cp-¶p. thcpI-Ä
123
Bß-l-Xy¡p ap¼v
kplr-t¯... CXv Bß-lXy sN¿p-¶h - sâ Ah-km-\h - m¡v Nn´m-i-X-§-fpsS hngp¸p `mÞw Npa-¡p-¶-hÄ X³ _m¡n ]{Xw...! Chn-sSbo PohnX hoYn-bnÂ, PoÀ®-Xa - o-«p¶ LSn-Imc kqNn-IÄ Nne-bv¡p-¶p-v....! aqIao kz]v\X - o-c§ - f - nÂ.... ASÀ¶p hogp¶ Ce-bpsS \ne-hn-fn-bpv ....! hän-h-c-smco Ihn-tfm-c-§-fnÂ.... Ccp«p ]c-¯p¶ I®oÀ ]qhn³ ZpÀK-Ô-ap-v..! kXy-§-tfmXn XfÀ¶ \mhnÂ.... au\w XoÀ¡p¶ hne-§n³ apdn-¸m-Sp-I-fp-v..! {`m´ao PohnX Ime-¯n³ ... Adn-bm¯, \\-hmÀ¶ kqNn-ap-\-I-fp-v...! XpSn-¡p¶ lrZ-b-c-à-§-fn ... ]nS-bv¡p¶ ac-W-¯n³ Idp-¸p-v..! HSp¡w ... I¯n-sb-cn-bp¶ {]Xo-£-X³ Nmc-¯nÂ... hän-¯o-cp¶ Pohn-X-¨m-dnsâ t\mhp-v..! F¶n-«pao iq\yamw \S-¸m-X-I-fnse Pohn-X¯n³ Im¯n-cn-¸n-s\m-Sp-hn Xf-cp¶ angn-Ifpw Ig-bv¡p¶ ]mZ-§fpw XpSn-¡p¶ lrZbhpw iq\yamw a\Êpw Fgp-Xn-¯oÀ¡p-¶bo Ipdn-¸n acn-¡m-s¯mcp Pohn-X-ap-s¶v shdpsX ... \n\-bv¡p-¶p... Rm³...!
Znhy. sI.-Sn. sk¡â v _n.-F. Cw¥ojv
thcpI-Ä
124
apl½Zv jloÀ Ìm^v FUnÁÀ
thcp-IÄ ]SÀ¯nbhÀ
hmkptZh³, a\p{]kmZv, hn]n³, \lmkv, Akvew(FUnäɐ), dlva thcpI-Ä
125
amK-kn³ kanXn
thcp-IÄ ]SÀ¯m-\m-bv......... A§s\ thcp- I Ä ]qÀ®X ssIh- c n- ¡ p- I - b mWv . DuÀÖw ]IÀ¯n- b Xv A\p- ` - h - § Ä am{Xw. FUn-äd - pw FUn-täm-dnb t_mÀUpw Bi- ¦ - b n- à msX sXsc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«p. {]nâUv amK-kn-t\m-sSm¸w hoUntbm amKkn³ F¶ FUnädpsS Bibt¯mSv tImtfPv A[nImcnIfpsS kao]\w t{]mÂkml\P\Iambncp¶p. A§s\ skâ v taco-knsâ Ncn{X-¯n BZy-ambn hoUntbm amK-kn³ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-¯p. Iymad I®p-IÄ tIm-tf-Pnsâ DÅ-dI - Ä H¸n- s b- S p- ¯ - t ¸mÄ R§- f psS A`n-am\w ]c-tIm-Sn-bn-se-¯n-bncp- ¶ p. IpÀf FIv k v { ]- Ê n- s \¡mfpw thK-¯n HmSnb IeÀ Zn\- § Ä, {]n³- U Uv amKkn³ ssIhn«p t]mIp-sa¶v tXm¶nb \nan-j§ - Ä, Xnc-sªSp¯ FUn-täm-dn-b t_mÀUv t]cn am{Xw HXp-§n-b-t¸mÄ FUn-äÀ¡v Iq«m-bXv N§m-XnIÄ am{Xw.
Hmtcm hn\m-gn-I-bp-sSbpw hne XoÀ¯pw Xncn-¨-dnªv R§Ä PbcmPv hmcysc A`n-apJw \S-¯m-\mbn XrÈq-cn--te¡v ]pd-s¸-«p. Xte Znhkw Xs¶ sI.-Fk - v.B - À.-Sn.kn ]pd-s¸-Sp¶ t\cw Adn-ªp-sh¨p. A©c aWn, CX-dn-ªXpw R§Ä t]mbXv kz´w hoSpI-fn-te¡Ã adn¨v sI.-Fk - v.B - À.-Sn.-kn. _kv Ìmânsâ Gähpw ASp-¯pÅ _Ôp-ho-«n-te-¡m-Wv. aªv s]mgn-¡p¶ \nem-hn cmhnse 5 aWn¡v Xs¶ sFt¸m-Upw, Iyma-dI - f - p-ambn Iq«-¯nse thÄUv _m¦v _kv Ìmânsâ _©n \ne-bp-d¸ - n-¨n-cp-¶p. A§s\ A©-ct- bmsS FÃmhcpw F¯n-t¨À¶p. _Ên Ib-dn-bXpw {KlWn ]nSn¨ Ip«n-IÄ N¡-¡q-«m³ I-Xp-t]mse Xangv a¡Ä koän-\p-thn Xnc¡p Iq«p¶ ImgvNb - mWv I-Xv. CXp I-t¸mÄ a\-Ên-sem-¶p-d¸ - n-¨p. XriqÀ hsc \n¸p Xs¶! tIc-f¯ - nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI \K-cn-bn AXn-cm-hse Xs¶ R§Ä _Ên-d§ - n. tNmZn-¡m³ sh¨ tNmZy-§Ä IS-em-Ên-te¡v ]IÀ¯n, A[nIw _p²n-ap-«n-ÃmsX Pb-cmPv hmcy-cpsS ho«n-se-¯nt¨À¶p. R§-fpsS {]Xo-£¡v apI-fn \ncm-ib - psS ]pI ]SÀ¯n-sImv kl-[À½nWn samgn-ªp. Ct¸mÄ AarX Sn.-hn-¡mÀs¡m¸w t]mbtÃm, D - ¨ Ignªv h¶m ImWmw. \ngepw shfn-¨hpw Hcp t]mse an¶n-a-dª B hm¡p-IÄ¡p ap¼n Hcp tNmZyw R§-fpsS a\Ên apf-s]m-«n. D¨-hsc? Hmt«m-bn Ibdn ASp¯ bm{X Su¬ lmfn-te-¡v. AhnsS \S-¶n-cp¶ tIc-tfmÂk-h-¯nse H¸\ Ipd-¨pt\cw Bkz-Zn¨v ]qc-¯nsâ \m«nse s]cpa ImWm-\mbn \K-c¯ - nte-¡n-d§ - n. hen-bh - e - nb sI«n-S¯ - n\p ap¶n-eqsS Ip\n-b\ - p-dp-¼p-IÄ t]mIp-¶X - p-t]m-se-bpÅ R§-fpsS \S¯w I-t¸mÄ HcmÄs¡¦nepw a\-Ên tXm¶n-bn-«p-mhmw a³amÀ e-\nÂ.... AhnsS \n¶v `£Ww Ign¨v R§Ä hopw Pb-cmPv hmcn-bc - psS - \ - mb Pbmho«n F¯n-t¨À¶p. Imcn-t¡-¨À cwK¯v apSn NqSm-a¶ cmPv hmcy-cp-ambn \S-¯nb A`n-apJw R§Ä¡v k½m-\n-¨Xv ]p¯³ A\p-`h - § - f - m-bn-cp-¶p. CâÀhyq Ign-ªt- ¸m-tg¡pw kqcy³ ]Wn amdn t]mbncp¶p. t\cw sshIn-bX - nsâ ]cn-{`m-´n-bp-ambn R§Ä A©wK kwLw _kv Ìmân F¯n-t¨À¶p. Bd-c-tbm-S-Sp¯v Imä-¯n« Icn-bn-es - b-t¸mse sI.-Fk - v.B - À.-Sn.kn _kv F¯n-t¨À¶p. iÀ¡c-bn-te¡v Ddp-¼p-IÄ ASp-¡p-¶Xp t]mse P\-§Ä _Ên-te-¡-Sp¯p. Hcp kt½-f\ - ¯ - n-\pÅ P\w _Ênsâ hmXn¡ D´pw XÅpambn \n¡p-¶p. Bcpw Ib-dp-¶p-anÃ, ]n³am-dp-¶p-anÃ,R§-fpsS
thcpI-Ä
126
Iq«-¯nse app-[mcn N{I-¯n Nhn«n I¼n- I Ä¡n- S n- b n- e qsS DÅn- t e¡v Ib- d n. kmam\yw {]mbw sN¶ Hcp samÃm¡ Ahs\ t\m¡n Dds¡ hnfn¨p FSm lavt¡.... H¼Xn aWn-tbmsS R§Ä s]cn´Âa-®b - n h¶n-d§ - n. Fs´ms¡tbm t\Sn-bX - p-t]m-se. A`napJw FUnäp sN¿p- h m- \ mbn A¶p cm{Xn R§Ädq-an X§n. `£Ww Ign-¨v- D-d-¡w -Ih-cm¯ ]mXn I®p-ambn FUnäv sN¿phm- \ n- c n- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ \ne- ¯ p- \ ns¶mcp A]- i - _ v Zw- þ - t \m-¡n- bt¸mÄ \¼q-Xn-cn-¡p«n Dd-¡¯ - nâ D¨-Øm-bnÂ- F-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. I¼-\nbv¡v t]mfn-knbpw, C¶p XoÀ¡WwF¶ hmin-tbmsS FUn-änwKv Ignªv Idp-¼\pw, amap- t Im- b bpw, ]«cpw InS- ¶ t¸mÄ cmhn-es¯ kp{]-`mXw tI«n-cp¶pthm?... R§Ä ]ns¶ tXSn-bXv X\Xmb kwkvImcw Im¯p-kq-£n¡p¶ thcp-I-fm-Wv. R§-fpsS a\-Ên Hcp \maw am{XamWpm- b ncp¶Xv , IÂ]m- ¯ n- þIme¯nsâ Ips¯m- g p- ¡ n Ct¸mgpw thcp-d¨v \n¡p-¶ IÂ]m¯nþ kÔy- t bm- S - S p¯mWv R§-fh - nsS F¯n-bX - v. R§Ä¡v hgn-Im«n X¶Xv PK-
s\¶ H¶mw-hÀj _ncp-Z hnZymÀ°n-bm-bn-cp¶p. Adn-hp-I-fpw, A\p`-h-§fpw Hcp t]mse ]IÀ¶p \ÂInb B bm{X XoÀ¯pw ck-I-cam-bn-cp¶p. Hcp- ^o-¨-dn-\pÅ hn`-h-§-fp-ambn AhnsS \n¶pw aS-§pt¼mÄ ]d-ª-dn-bn¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp Im´n-I-iàn R§sf ]nt¶m«v hen-¨n-cp¶pthm?... Ime-¯n-s\m¸w HmSm³ Ign-bmsX \nÊ-lm-bc - mbn \n¡p¶ PohnX-§sf Ipdns¨gpXm-\mbp-ff R§fpsS bm{X F¯n-bXv a¬]m{X \nÀ½mW tImf-\n-bn-em-Wv. ]s£ R§Ä¡v sXän. AhnsS IXv Ime-¯n-s\m¸w, AsÃ-¦n Ime-¯n\p aps¼ ]d-¡p¶ A¸q-¸³XmS- n-Is - f-bm-Wv. AhnsS R§Ä ]cn-Nb - s¸« s]m¶q-«nbpw, A¸q-«n-bpsaÃmw R§Ä¡v ]IÀ¶pX¶ PohnX ktµ-ia - m-Wv. s]mcp-Xp-I, hnPbw kp\n-ÝnXw.tIm-f-\n-bn I ImgvN-IÄ IS-em-knÂ
]IÀ¯m-\mbn R§Ä sXsc-sª-Sp-¯Xv XqX-¸p-g-bpsS Xoc-§fmbncp¶p.
thcp-IÄ F¶ t]cpw Bi-bhpw apt¶m-«p-sh-¨Xv hn]n-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
kanXn CXv AwKo-Ic - n-¨t- Xm-sS, XpS-§n-bXv C\nbpw DÄ hen-bm¯ thcnsâ Poh³ tXSn-bpÅ bm{X-bm-Wv. B thcp-I-fn \n¶pw R§Ä Xncn-¨d - nª kXyw \n§-fn-te¡v ]I-cm-\mbn dqan-te¡v amdn. FUn-änw-Kpw, {]q^v doUnwKpw, I¼yq-«dpw `mh-\b - p-saÃmw CW-]n-cnªv InS¶ Ipsd Zn\-cm-{X-§Ä ..... cm{Xn-bn Syq_vsseäp-IÄ R§Ä¡v ]I-teIn. CXnse Hmtcm t]PpI-fnepw Iq«m-bva-bpsS, A²zm-\-¯nsâ hnbÀ¸p XpÅn-I-fp-v. thcpI-fpsS DÄs]m-cpÄ tXSn-bpÅ A¸q-¸³ XmSn-bpsS Cu bm{X-bn A\p-`-hn¨ IjvS-X-I-fpsS IW-¡p-IÄ \nc-¯p-¶n-Ã. \µn, t{]mÕmln-¸n-¨-hÀ¡pw kl-I-cn-¨-hÀ¡pw. I®p-I-fpw, hnc-ep-Ifpw \nÀÖo-h-§-fm-hp-t¼mgpw R§Ä kz]v\w IXv Cu thcp-IÄ \n§-fn-te¡v Bgv¶n-d¡ - m-\m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu thcpIÄ Bgv¶n-d§n F¶v Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. F¦nepw, hfÀ¨ apc-Sn¨nà F¶ hnizm-kt- ¯m-sS.... thcpI-Ä
127
-Iq-«-sc,
lrZ-b-_-Ô-§-fpsS
C u
Im-e¯v
AXv
Nncn¡v
Nn-e-t¸mÄ
thc-äp-t]mb
]e
AÀ°-X-e-§-fp-v.
Bizm-k-¯n-sâ-tbm
Al-¦m-c-¯n-sâtbm
Im]Sy¯n-sâtbm
FÃm-ap-J-§fpw
Nn-cn-bpsS
C§-s\-X-s¶-bmWv....-
bmYmÀ°yw
Ign-ª-h\v
AÃm-¯-h\v
hymJym\n-¡m³
kaq-l-¯nÂ
]nSn¨p
\n¡mw
DÄh-en-bmw....-
\n-jvI-f-¦-amb
ImWm\pw
kt´m-j-¯n-sâtbm.....
Nncn
ImWn-¡m\pw
Ign-bs«
F¶m-iw-kn-¨p-sImv...
kkvt\lw,
Akvew.
thcpI-Ä
128
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