VAWT Presentation

March 12, 2019 | Author: Mohan Patnaik | Category: Turbine, Wind Turbine, Wind Power, Belt (Mechanical), Welding
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GROUP GROUP PROJECT PROJECT PRESEN PRESENT TATION Group Gr oup::- RMD & MD (PEMP (PEMP FT - 10) Title:-VERTICAL Title:-VERTICAL WIND WIND TURBINE Project leaders:leaders:- Dr.Narahari,HOD, Dr.Narahari,HOD, A&AE Department Dr.N.S.Mahesh, Dr.N.S.Mahesh, HOD, MME Department Project group:RMD

MD

Mr.Chandramouli H.R.

Mr.Lava Mr.Lava kumar 

Mr.Mohan patnaik

Mr.Srinath. Mr.Srinath.k. k.

Mr.Lokesh Mr.Lokesh kumar.

Mr.Abinandan patil Mr.Srinath.P.V Mr.Raghavendra Mr.Narendra. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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CONTENTS 

Aim ,Obje bjective and Scope of the projec ject.



Introduction



Methodo Methodolog logy y adopted adopted



Desi Design gn and and Fabr Fabric icat atio ion n



Conclusion

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AIM & OBJECTIVE AIM: To

model and explore the Vertical Wind Turbine of a Savonius rotor (S-rotor) wind turbine adapted for   househol household/d d/dom omest estic ic electr electrici icity ty generat generation ion

OBJECTIVES:  Evaluate

the best blade offset by field testing using a small  protot  prototyp ypee model. model. Produce a turbine capable of generating 5%~10% of the household¶ household¶ss electricity electricity.. how that usi using the Savon vonius turbine for house usehold old gen generation  To show is a viable option.

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Objectives To

study the Savonius generator which relies solely on drag to prod produc ucee a force that turns the turbine bine shaft aft. To

understand the fundamentals of turbine design, and to eval evalua uatte the best best blad bladee prof profil ile. e. To

stud study y the the gene genera rati tion on of elec electr triicity city..

To

study the occurrence of self ±starting in low wind speeds.

To

calcu alcullate the per performance of the wind machine hine

To

study the overall structure of the turbine

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Scope of the project The

wind turbine set up is used to visualize the flow of wind energy which converts kinetic energy of wind in to mechanical energy, which can be diverted to generate electricity. With

the help of this set up homeowners generate their own clean power, thereby reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions. It

helps in putting the wind to work, the household electricity  bill should be decreased. Using

this set up, it easy to contain the generator and other  electrical parts at the ground level.

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INTRODUCTION Vertical-axis

wind turbines are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set vertically.  The

vertical design means that blades pushed by the wind will turn the shaft to which they are connected.

Fig.1 Vertical Axis wind turbine (Savonius type) M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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SAVONIUS TURBINE The

Savonius is a drag-type VAWT.

Savonius

wind turbine cannot rotate faster than the speed of 

the wind. Savonius

type vertical axis wind turbines turn slowly but generate a high torque.

Savonius

turbines are suitable for small scale domestic electricity generation -especially in locations with strong turbulent winds.

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Blade Design & Manufacturing outline



Conceptual Design of Rotating Blades



CAD model (using CATIA V5)



Blade material Selection



Manufacturing Process for the Blade



Blade Mounting

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Rotor Blades The

Savonius rotor concept never became popular, until recently,

probably because of its low efficiency. However, it has the following advantages over the other conventional wind turbines: Simple and cheap construction; Acceptance of wind from any direction thus eliminating the need for reorientation; High starting torque; Relatively low operating speed (rpm)

9 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Design criteria The

following are some rules for construction of a Savonius rotor .

The

size of the end plates, to which are mounted the buckets, should be about 5% larger than the diameter of the rotor. The

central shaft should be mounted to the end plates only, and not through the buckets.

An aspect ratio of about 2 is desirable from the economic point of  view. Use only two buckets, as a higher number reduces the efficiency. The

use of augmentation devices such as concentrators or diffusers or combination of the two result in increased power coefficient 10 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Basic Blade Designs It is very strong due to the central shaft, but slightly less efficient than the other two. However, the extra strength allows the rotor to be supported at one end only.

This

design is also very simple, and can also be made easily from metal drums or pipe sections. The design is slightly more efficient than the one above as some of the air is deflected by the second vane as it exits the first one. This

is the most efficient Savonius design. It not only has the advantage of air being deflected twice like the design above, but also that the vanes act partly like an airfoil when they are edge-on into the wind, creating a small lift effect and thus enhancing efficiency. Fig. 2 Blade profiles M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Conceptual Design

Nomenclature-

Fig. 3 Blade profiles D- Rotor Diameter  q- Radius of circular arc  p- Straight edge of blade H- Rotor Height s- End extend

m- Overlap Distance - Arc angle - Rotation angle

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Blade Size Calculation Watts output = Pw = ½ Au3 =1.742pAu3/T= Watts (W) Power wind = 0.647Au3 W Where A = area of the turbine, u = wind speed in m/s. At standard conditions, the power in .8m 2 of wind with a wind speed of 5.5 m/s is, 0.647 x 1m x 0.8m x (5.5) 3 = 86.11 Watts

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Blade with dimensions

Fig.4 Blade dimensions in different views M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Catia model

Fig.5 Isometric view of blade

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Blade Material and Manufacturing Material Properties requirements: Light weight Corrosion resistant Good compressive strength Machinability Aluminum sheet

Lightweight and tough hardened aluminum sheet has been used for turbine blade.

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Process for the blade profile Arc bending

Arc bending has been done to get the shape what we require for our blade profile.

Fig. 6 Blade profiles M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Blade mounting on the shaft Some gap has been given between outer shaft and blade to make turbine more efficient. Because from this passage air can pass and hit the other blade by this combination rpm of the turbine has been increased. Fig.7 Blade mounting position on the shaft M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Structure design B e a rin g C o v e r   Bearing O u t e r S h a ft

Bearing Spacer  HUB 75.0 25.0

 A 750 .0

Lock Nut

Possibilities for support. Shaft with one bearing support at the bottom C frame with a top and  bottom support Shaft with 2 bearing at top and bottom and another  hallow shaft rotating over  the bearings

I n n e r S h a ft

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Str ct r UB

si

Base:

0 .0 2 A

75.0

25.0

 A 750.0

Fr m t W l i

b

Is a square frame of L angle or   box structure of  750 Sq. A hub is welded to the frame at the centre, with a  perpendicularity of 0.02mm, The

hub will have a bore to suit the inner shaft diameter, this is a transition fit with a clearance of  0.1 mm. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Structure design

HUB 75.0

25.0

 A

750.0

Lock Nut

Inner Shaft

I n n e r S h a ft

Outer Shaft

Is a Hallow pipe, in the bottom the shaft is turned to 3 steps, 1 to suit the bearing ID 2 to suit the hub IB 3 there is a threaded portion in the end for a lock nut to lock in position.

Is a Hallow pipe, with two  bearing seating's on top and  bottom this is the only support for the shaft, and it revolves freely on the inner shaft

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O t r s ft t cycl rim w ldi

lt Driv

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Lager Pulley is welded to the outer shat with a concentricity of 0.05mm. Then smaller pulley is mounted on the mounting  plate, Shims are used for the adjustment of the centre height and tensioning. A flat belt is used for connection

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Asse

l

B e a r in g C o v e r   Bearing O uter Sh aft

Larger

ulle

Belt Bearing

Shi S

Spacer 

a lle r

u lle

      0  .       9

ounting

HUB 0 . 02

late

A

75.0

25.0

 A

750.0

Lock Nut

L - la te ra e

In n e r S h a ft

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Blade

ounting

      0  .       0       5

Ø6

      0  .       5       2       2

T p 12 Ø1 2

      0  .       0       5

   

6

Tp Ø12

      0  .       5       2       2

      0  .       5       2       2

      0  .       5       2       2       0  .       5       2       2

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anufacturing drawings $

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top face must have a  perpendicularity of 0.02 with respect to the bore.

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Hub: Material is mild steel, The bore of 24 has a close tolerance of - 0.02,

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There

is relief in between to reduce the are of contact, The

top bore must be concentric to the bottom bore by 0.02mm

  

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f ct ri

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overall OD is maintained as 28 mm Bottom there are threads to suit lock nut and is maintained as M24 X 1.5 There is a dia of 24 to suit the hub and there is a tolerance of 0.02 Then there is bearing seating to suit bearing ID of 25 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 25mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and  perpendicularity has to be maintained



T s it it l ck t M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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anufacturing drawings       A       2       0  .       0

7

Inside shaft: 0.02 A

Ø42.00

Material is mild steel,       0  .       9

To suit Bearing OD 42

      9       6       0       1

Ø54.00

The

overall OD is maintained as 54 mm

At top end there is bearing seating to suit bearing OD of 42 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained. Towards

the other end there is a bearing seating for  42mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and perpendicularity has to be maintained

      0  .       9

      A       2       0  .       0

Ø42.00

 A

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CATIA MODEL OF VAWT

Fig. 8 VAWT assembly

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BILL OF QUANTITY

1. FRAME

1NO.

2. LOCK NUT

2NOS.

3. HUB ± WIND TURBINE

1 NO.

4. RIM

1 NO.

5. BOTTOM BEARING

1 NO.

6. INTERNAL SHAFT

1 NO.

7. OUTSIDE TUBE

1 NO.

8. TOP BEARING

1 NO.

9. SUPPORTING PLATE PULLEY

1 NO.

10. SPACER

1 NO.

11. PULLEY WITH DYNAMO

1 NO.

12. DYNAMO MOUNTING PLATE

1 NO.

13. SPACER FOR DYNAMO

1 NO.

14. BELT

1 NO.

15. BLADE

2 NOS.

16. BUSHING

10 NOS.

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DETAILED VIEW OF VAWT

Fig. 9 Orthographic views

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WIND TURBINE MODEL PROCEDURE

Based

On Conceptual Design Model As Been Created Part By Part Using CATIA. Applied the material properties for all part. Assembly has done as per fabricating procedure. Detailing Is Done For Each Parts Dimensional And Geometric Constraints Are Done For Sketches and model Assembly Constrains Are Done As Per Simulation requirement and arrested the degree of freedom

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Length of the Belt Length of the belt (L):

Length of the flat belt (open) = /2*(D+d) + (D-d) 2/(4*c)+ 2*c Diameter of Rim = 620 mm; diameter of pulley = 100 mm; Centre to centre distance = Therefore

410

mm

length of the belt = 2110 mm

Considering initial tension of 2% ,length of the belt gets reduced to 2115- (0.02*2110) = 2068 mm; Therefore

length of the belt = 2068 mm;

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Velocity ratio Without slip: Diameter of rim= DA ; Diameter of pulley= D B  NB = (DA/DB)* NA = (620/100)*60 = 3 72 rpm;  NB = 372 rpm; With 2% slip:  NB / NA = (100-s)/100 * (DA/DB); Velocity ratio = NB / NA= 6.1;  NB = 365 rpm;

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Kinematic simulation using Adams

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Joints

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Simulation video

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Simulation video (top view)

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Fabrication   As per the design requirement we have chosen following  material for different parts. For inner shaft, outer shaft, hub, pre load cap for bearing, Dynamo assembly parts, blade supporting shaft- Mild Steel . Because its very cheap and most versatile. High strength & malleability, so it is soft. This means it can be easily machined & welded. Blade- Al. Belt- Nylon. The

machines which were used for manufacturing the parts are milling, drilling, lathe and laser cutting machine. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Welding MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas): The

gas which is used is Argon (Ar) MIG welder uses electrical current to raise the temperature of the base metal and fuse the filler metal together in an electrical arc. Temperature range is 3000- 6000 C

Advantages: Very smooth welding. Faster & quicker process. Economical & easy to use.

Isometric view of blade in catia M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Machined parts

Hub

Lock nut

Dynamo assembly parts

Nylon belt Blade dimensions in different views M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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Positioning of Hub

Supporting ribs

Welding of Hub To the frame

Setting of bushes for  Blade mounting

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Welding of bushes For blade mounting

Shaft mounting in the Hub

Lock nut for Inner shaft M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies

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 Modification done in fabrication

For achieving the concentricity and accuracy of shafts. Slots are made for the purpose of reducing the weight of the rim.

Primary design of rim

Sheet metal

Modified assembly of rim

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Estimated Project Cost

Material cost:

Rs

6500/-

Machining Cost:

Rs 6150/-

Fabrication Cost:

Rs

7300/-

Miscellaneous:

Rs

550/-

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