VAWT Presentation
Short Description
Download VAWT Presentation...
Description
GROUP GROUP PROJECT PROJECT PRESEN PRESENT TATION Group Gr oup::- RMD & MD (PEMP (PEMP FT - 10) Title:-VERTICAL Title:-VERTICAL WIND WIND TURBINE Project leaders:leaders:- Dr.Narahari,HOD, Dr.Narahari,HOD, A&AE Department Dr.N.S.Mahesh, Dr.N.S.Mahesh, HOD, MME Department Project group:RMD
MD
Mr.Chandramouli H.R.
Mr.Lava Mr.Lava kumar
Mr.Mohan patnaik
Mr.Srinath. Mr.Srinath.k. k.
Mr.Lokesh Mr.Lokesh kumar.
Mr.Abinandan patil Mr.Srinath.P.V Mr.Raghavendra Mr.Narendra. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
1
CONTENTS
Aim ,Obje bjective and Scope of the projec ject.
Introduction
Methodo Methodolog logy y adopted adopted
Desi Design gn and and Fabr Fabric icat atio ion n
Conclusion
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
2
AIM & OBJECTIVE AIM: To
model and explore the Vertical Wind Turbine of a Savonius rotor (S-rotor) wind turbine adapted for househol household/d d/dom omest estic ic electr electrici icity ty generat generation ion
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate
the best blade offset by field testing using a small protot prototyp ypee model. model. Produce a turbine capable of generating 5%~10% of the household¶ household¶ss electricity electricity.. how that usi using the Savon vonius turbine for house usehold old gen generation To show is a viable option.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
3
Objectives To
study the Savonius generator which relies solely on drag to prod produc ucee a force that turns the turbine bine shaft aft. To
understand the fundamentals of turbine design, and to eval evalua uatte the best best blad bladee prof profil ile. e. To
stud study y the the gene genera rati tion on of elec electr triicity city..
To
study the occurrence of self ±starting in low wind speeds.
To
calcu alcullate the per performance of the wind machine hine
To
study the overall structure of the turbine
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
4
Scope of the project The
wind turbine set up is used to visualize the flow of wind energy which converts kinetic energy of wind in to mechanical energy, which can be diverted to generate electricity. With
the help of this set up homeowners generate their own clean power, thereby reducing Carbon Dioxide emissions. It
helps in putting the wind to work, the household electricity bill should be decreased. Using
this set up, it easy to contain the generator and other electrical parts at the ground level.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
5
INTRODUCTION Vertical-axis
wind turbines are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set vertically. The
vertical design means that blades pushed by the wind will turn the shaft to which they are connected.
Fig.1 Vertical Axis wind turbine (Savonius type) M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
6
SAVONIUS TURBINE The
Savonius is a drag-type VAWT.
Savonius
wind turbine cannot rotate faster than the speed of
the wind. Savonius
type vertical axis wind turbines turn slowly but generate a high torque.
Savonius
turbines are suitable for small scale domestic electricity generation -especially in locations with strong turbulent winds.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
7
Blade Design & Manufacturing outline
Conceptual Design of Rotating Blades
CAD model (using CATIA V5)
Blade material Selection
Manufacturing Process for the Blade
Blade Mounting
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
8
Rotor Blades The
Savonius rotor concept never became popular, until recently,
probably because of its low efficiency. However, it has the following advantages over the other conventional wind turbines: Simple and cheap construction; Acceptance of wind from any direction thus eliminating the need for reorientation; High starting torque; Relatively low operating speed (rpm)
9 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
9
Design criteria The
following are some rules for construction of a Savonius rotor .
The
size of the end plates, to which are mounted the buckets, should be about 5% larger than the diameter of the rotor. The
central shaft should be mounted to the end plates only, and not through the buckets.
An aspect ratio of about 2 is desirable from the economic point of view. Use only two buckets, as a higher number reduces the efficiency. The
use of augmentation devices such as concentrators or diffusers or combination of the two result in increased power coefficient 10 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
10
Basic Blade Designs It is very strong due to the central shaft, but slightly less efficient than the other two. However, the extra strength allows the rotor to be supported at one end only.
This
design is also very simple, and can also be made easily from metal drums or pipe sections. The design is slightly more efficient than the one above as some of the air is deflected by the second vane as it exits the first one. This
is the most efficient Savonius design. It not only has the advantage of air being deflected twice like the design above, but also that the vanes act partly like an airfoil when they are edge-on into the wind, creating a small lift effect and thus enhancing efficiency. Fig. 2 Blade profiles M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
11
Conceptual Design
Nomenclature-
Fig. 3 Blade profiles D- Rotor Diameter q- Radius of circular arc p- Straight edge of blade H- Rotor Height s- End extend
m- Overlap Distance - Arc angle - Rotation angle
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
12
12
Blade Size Calculation Watts output = Pw = ½ Au3 =1.742pAu3/T= Watts (W) Power wind = 0.647Au3 W Where A = area of the turbine, u = wind speed in m/s. At standard conditions, the power in .8m 2 of wind with a wind speed of 5.5 m/s is, 0.647 x 1m x 0.8m x (5.5) 3 = 86.11 Watts
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
13
Blade with dimensions
Fig.4 Blade dimensions in different views M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
14
Catia model
Fig.5 Isometric view of blade
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
15
Blade Material and Manufacturing Material Properties requirements: Light weight Corrosion resistant Good compressive strength Machinability Aluminum sheet
Lightweight and tough hardened aluminum sheet has been used for turbine blade.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
16
Process for the blade profile Arc bending
Arc bending has been done to get the shape what we require for our blade profile.
Fig. 6 Blade profiles M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
17
Blade mounting on the shaft Some gap has been given between outer shaft and blade to make turbine more efficient. Because from this passage air can pass and hit the other blade by this combination rpm of the turbine has been increased. Fig.7 Blade mounting position on the shaft M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
18
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
19
Structure design B e a rin g C o v e r Bearing O u t e r S h a ft
Bearing Spacer HUB 75.0 25.0
A 750 .0
Lock Nut
Possibilities for support. Shaft with one bearing support at the bottom C frame with a top and bottom support Shaft with 2 bearing at top and bottom and another hallow shaft rotating over the bearings
I n n e r S h a ft
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
20
Str ct r UB
si
Base:
0 .0 2 A
75.0
25.0
A 750.0
Fr m t W l i
b
Is a square frame of L angle or box structure of 750 Sq. A hub is welded to the frame at the centre, with a perpendicularity of 0.02mm, The
hub will have a bore to suit the inner shaft diameter, this is a transition fit with a clearance of 0.1 mm. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
21
Structure design
HUB 75.0
25.0
A
750.0
Lock Nut
Inner Shaft
I n n e r S h a ft
Outer Shaft
Is a Hallow pipe, in the bottom the shaft is turned to 3 steps, 1 to suit the bearing ID 2 to suit the hub IB 3 there is a threaded portion in the end for a lock nut to lock in position.
Is a Hallow pipe, with two bearing seating's on top and bottom this is the only support for the shaft, and it revolves freely on the inner shaft
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
22
O t r s ft t cycl rim w ldi
lt Driv
§
¥
¦
¨
¦
©
¦
Lager Pulley is welded to the outer shat with a concentricity of 0.05mm. Then smaller pulley is mounted on the mounting plate, Shims are used for the adjustment of the centre height and tensioning. A flat belt is used for connection
r
r P ll y lt im m ll r P ll y M
£
¡
. 2 £
ti
Pl t
¤
. ¢
2 . ¡
¢
¤
¡
¢
. ¢
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
23
Asse
l
B e a r in g C o v e r Bearing O uter Sh aft
Larger
ulle
Belt Bearing
Shi S
Spacer
a lle r
u lle
0 . 9
ounting
HUB 0 . 02
late
A
75.0
25.0
A
750.0
Lock Nut
L - la te ra e
In n e r S h a ft
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
24
Blade
ounting
0 . 0 5
Ø6
0 . 5 2 2
T p 12 Ø1 2
0 . 0 5
6
Tp Ø12
0 . 5 2 2
0 . 5 2 2
0 . 5 2 2 0 . 5 2 2
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
25
anufacturing drawings $
2 .
. . 2
#
2 .
#
"
. 2
!
"
.
2 .
The
top face must have a perpendicularity of 0.02 with respect to the bore.
.
2
.
!
2 .
6 .
Hub: Material is mild steel, The bore of 24 has a close tolerance of - 0.02,
. . 2
There
is relief in between to reduce the are of contact, The
top bore must be concentric to the bottom bore by 0.02mm
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
26
M
f ct ri
dr
i
s
9
2 8
. 8
2 . (
)
&
Inside shaft:
&
. 2
7
6
7
T
3
. 4
)
2 .
&
I
&
5
s it ri 2
Material is mild steel, The
3
. 4
2 . (
)
&
&
6
9
1
2
&
&
'
8
. 8
3
. 2
2 2
@
- . 2 @
)
2 .
&
&
@
%
3
. 2
2
0
)
M2 . %
&
&
X
'
.
'
.
&
&
overall OD is maintained as 28 mm Bottom there are threads to suit lock nut and is maintained as M24 X 1.5 There is a dia of 24 to suit the hub and there is a tolerance of 0.02 Then there is bearing seating to suit bearing ID of 25 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained Towards the other end there is a bearing seating for 25mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and perpendicularity has to be maintained
(
T s it it l ck t M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
27
anufacturing drawings A 2 0 . 0
7
Inside shaft: 0.02 A
Ø42.00
Material is mild steel, 0 . 9
To suit Bearing OD 42
9 6 0 1
Ø54.00
The
overall OD is maintained as 54 mm
At top end there is bearing seating to suit bearing OD of 42 mm, the perpendicularity has to be maintained. Towards
the other end there is a bearing seating for 42mm the concentricity w.r.t to other bearing seating and perpendicularity has to be maintained
0 . 9
A 2 0 . 0
Ø42.00
A
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
28
CATIA MODEL OF VAWT
Fig. 8 VAWT assembly
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
30
BILL OF QUANTITY
1. FRAME
1NO.
2. LOCK NUT
2NOS.
3. HUB ± WIND TURBINE
1 NO.
4. RIM
1 NO.
5. BOTTOM BEARING
1 NO.
6. INTERNAL SHAFT
1 NO.
7. OUTSIDE TUBE
1 NO.
8. TOP BEARING
1 NO.
9. SUPPORTING PLATE PULLEY
1 NO.
10. SPACER
1 NO.
11. PULLEY WITH DYNAMO
1 NO.
12. DYNAMO MOUNTING PLATE
1 NO.
13. SPACER FOR DYNAMO
1 NO.
14. BELT
1 NO.
15. BLADE
2 NOS.
16. BUSHING
10 NOS.
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
31
DETAILED VIEW OF VAWT
Fig. 9 Orthographic views
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
32
WIND TURBINE MODEL PROCEDURE
Based
On Conceptual Design Model As Been Created Part By Part Using CATIA. Applied the material properties for all part. Assembly has done as per fabricating procedure. Detailing Is Done For Each Parts Dimensional And Geometric Constraints Are Done For Sketches and model Assembly Constrains Are Done As Per Simulation requirement and arrested the degree of freedom
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
33
Length of the Belt Length of the belt (L):
Length of the flat belt (open) = /2*(D+d) + (D-d) 2/(4*c)+ 2*c Diameter of Rim = 620 mm; diameter of pulley = 100 mm; Centre to centre distance = Therefore
410
mm
length of the belt = 2110 mm
Considering initial tension of 2% ,length of the belt gets reduced to 2115- (0.02*2110) = 2068 mm; Therefore
length of the belt = 2068 mm;
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
34
Velocity ratio Without slip: Diameter of rim= DA ; Diameter of pulley= D B NB = (DA/DB)* NA = (620/100)*60 = 3 72 rpm; NB = 372 rpm; With 2% slip: NB / NA = (100-s)/100 * (DA/DB); Velocity ratio = NB / NA= 6.1; NB = 365 rpm;
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
35
Kinematic simulation using Adams
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
36
Joints
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
37
Simulation video
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
38
Simulation video (top view)
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
39
Fabrication As per the design requirement we have chosen following material for different parts. For inner shaft, outer shaft, hub, pre load cap for bearing, Dynamo assembly parts, blade supporting shaft- Mild Steel . Because its very cheap and most versatile. High strength & malleability, so it is soft. This means it can be easily machined & welded. Blade- Al. Belt- Nylon. The
machines which were used for manufacturing the parts are milling, drilling, lathe and laser cutting machine. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
40
Welding MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas): The
gas which is used is Argon (Ar) MIG welder uses electrical current to raise the temperature of the base metal and fuse the filler metal together in an electrical arc. Temperature range is 3000- 6000 C
Advantages: Very smooth welding. Faster & quicker process. Economical & easy to use.
Isometric view of blade in catia M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
41
Machined parts
Hub
Lock nut
Dynamo assembly parts
Nylon belt Blade dimensions in different views M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
42
Positioning of Hub
Supporting ribs
Welding of Hub To the frame
Setting of bushes for Blade mounting
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
43
Welding of bushes For blade mounting
Shaft mounting in the Hub
Lock nut for Inner shaft M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
44
Modification done in fabrication
For achieving the concentricity and accuracy of shafts. Slots are made for the purpose of reducing the weight of the rim.
Primary design of rim
Sheet metal
Modified assembly of rim
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
45
Estimated Project Cost
Material cost:
Rs
6500/-
Machining Cost:
Rs 6150/-
Fabrication Cost:
Rs
7300/-
Miscellaneous:
Rs
550/-
M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
46
View more...
Comments
