Vape Sebagai NRT

 

CKLYSLRKA Yjg Dlurmhf l` Yrlpkahf Cklfley Plf. 1 Ml. 3 Heustus 328; KQQM 37:2-723;

Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus (Nus nusaufus) nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko    Hmikth Hyu Nhmihshrk8, Qktk Mur Hskyhj3, Ourmkh Fkmthme8 8 Wmkvgrskths 3 WKM

Nhhrk` Jhsykn Fhtk`, Qkilhrdl, Kmilmgskh Qumhm Hnpgf, Qurhchyh, Qurhchyh, Kmilmgskh

*  st.murhskyhjBukmscy.ha.ki

 HCQYSHAY Qnlokme ks lmg l` tjg jhckts tjht ahm h``gat junhm jghftj. Lmg typg l` akehrgttg tjht ks aurrgmtfy tjg ajlkag ks gfgatrka akehrgttgs. Yjg g-akehrgttg almtgmt kmafuigs mkaltkmg, prlpyfgmg efyalf,  `fhvlrkmes hmi efyagrkm. Yjg purplsg l` tjks stuiy whs tl igtgrnkmg tjg g``gat l` gxplsurg tl gakehrgttg snlog lm nkag strhkm chfc / a wktj tjg phrhngtgrs l` tjg muncgr l` spgrnhtlzlh. Yjks stuiy usgi 87 nhfg nkag wjkaj wgrg :-82 wggos lfi hmi wgkejgi 37-12 erhns l` nhfg nkag wjkaj wgrg ikvkigi kmtl 1 trghtngmt erlups mhngfy almtrlf erlup, trghtngmt erlup lmg hmi trghtngmt  erlup twl. Km tjg almtrlf erlup ml gxplsurg tl akehrgttg snlog whs ahrrkgi lut wjkfg km tjg trghtngmt erlup lmg whs gxplsgi tl akehrgttg snlog km nkag wktj h ilsg l` 2 ne mkaltkmg hmi tjg sgalmi trghtngmt erlup whs gxplsgi tl g-akehrgttg snlog ht h ilsg l` 8: ne mkaltkmg. Gfgatrka akehrgttg snlog gxplsurg ks ahrrkgi lut `lr 12 ihys uskme h suatklm igvkag `rln h syrkmeg. Yjg gxplsurg l` akehrgttg snlog ks ahrrkgi lut gvgry ihy wktj suaagsskvg ilsgs l` 32 tkngs hs nuaj hs 1 tkngs wktj h tkng fhe l` 82 nkmutgs (7 nkmutgs tjg ajhncgr ks aflsgi hmi 7 nkmutgs l` tjg ajhncgr ks lpgmgi). Yjg rgsufts sjlwgi tjht tjg hvgrheg muncgr l` spgrnhtlzlh km tjg almtrlf erlup whs 80.:80 nkffklm / nf. Yjg hvgrheg muncgr l` spgrnhtlzlh km trghtngmt lmg whs 82.913 nkffklm / nf hmi tjg hvgrheg muncgr l` spgrnhtlzlh km trghtngmt twl whs 7.319 nkffklm / nf. Yjks sjlws tjht gxplsurg tl akehrgttg snlog ahm rgiuag tjg muncgr l` spgrnhtlzlh `rln tjg almtrlf erlup tl tjg  `krst trghtngmt cy 93.70% hmi tjg sgalmi trghtngmt sjlws h igarghsg `rln tjg `krst erlup cy 19.07%. Ogywlris4 Gfgatrka Akehrgttg, Nkag, Hnlumt l` Qpgrnhtlzlh  Qpgrnhtlzlh   HCQYSHO   Ogsgjhthm ihpht tgrehmeeu ohrgmh ogckhshhm ngrlolo. Qhfhj shtu dgmks rlolo yhme ngmdhik pkfkjhm shht kmk yhktu rlolo gfgotrko. Ohmiumehm rlolo gfgotrko ngfkputk mkoltkm, prlpkfgm efkolf, pgrhsh ihm efksgrkm. Yuduhm pgmgfktkhm kmk umtuo ngmegthjuk hihmyh pgmehruj phphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko phih ngmakt strhkm chfc/a igmehm phrhngtgr dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh. Rgmgfktkhm kmk ngmeeumhohm ngmakt dhmthm sgchmyho 87 golr yhme cgrunur :-82 nkmeeu igmehm cgrht ngmakt dhmthm 37-12 erhn ihm ikchek ngmdhik tkeh ogflnplo, yhme tgrikrk ihrk ogflnplo almtrlf, ogflnplo pgrfhouhm shtu sgrth ogflnplo pgrfhouhm iuh. Rhih ogflnplo olmtrlf tkiho ikfhouohm pgnhphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko sgihmeohm phih ogflnplo pgrfhouhm shtu ikfhouohm pgnhphrhm hshp rlolo phih ngmakt igmehm ilsks 2 ne mkoltkm ihm ogflnplo pgrfhouhm ogiuh ikfhouohm pgnhphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm ilsks 8: ne mkoltkm. Rgnhphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko ikfhouohm sgfhnh 12 jhrk igmehm ngmeeumhohm hfht jkshp ihrk spukt. Rgnhphrhm hshp rlolo ikfhouohm sgtkhp jhrk igmehm cgrturut turut igmehm ilsks 32 ohfk jkshphm sgchmyho 1 ohfk igmehm

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

dgih whotu 82 ngmkt (7 ngmkt ajhncgr iktutup ihm 7 ngmkt ajhncgr ikcuoh). Jhskf pgmgfktkhm ngmumduohm rhth rhth dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh phih ogflnplo olmtrlf sgcgshr 80,:80 duth/nf. Shth rhth dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh phih pgrfhouhm shtu sgcgshr 82,913 duth/nf ihm rhth rhth dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh phih pgrfhouhm iuh sgcgshr 7,319 duth/nf. Jhf kmk ngmumduohm chjwh pgnhphrhm hshp rlolo ihpht ngmurumohm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh ihrk ogflnplo olmtrlf og pgrfhouhm pgrthnh sgcgshr 93,70% ihm pgrfhouhm ogiuh ngmumduohm hihmyh pgmurumhm ihrk ogflnplo pgrthnh sgcgshr 19,07%.

Ohth Oumak4 Oumak4 Slolo Gfgotrko, Ngmakt, Dunfhj Qpgrnhtlzlh  Dgmks

RGMIHJWFWHM

rlolo

tgrus

ngmehfhnk

Ngrlolo tgfhj ngmdhik shfhj shtu

pgrognchmehm kmlvhsk, shfhj shtumyh hihfhj

ogckhshhm yhme ihpht cgrpgmehruj tgrjhihp

rlolo gfgotrko.Kmlvhsk chru kmk ngmkncufohm

ogsgjhthm nhmuskh. Ogckhshhm kmk tkiho jhmyh

rhsh kmekm thju yhme tkmeek ihrk cgcgrhph

ikfhouohm prkh igwhsh tgthpk dueh whmkth ihm

ohfhmehm. Slolo gfgotrko kmk ikpgrahyh fgckj

hmho-hmho. Qgtkhp thjum, dunfhj pgrlolo ik

hnhm ihm fgckj styfksj styfksjsgrth sgrth tkiho ngmeurhmek

iumkh hohm tgrus cgrthnchj ohrgmh tgrdhik

sgmshsk ogmkonhthm ngrlolo sgpgrtk rlolo

pgmkmeohthm dunfhj plpufhsk. Ngmurut Ulrfi

olmvgmsklmhf. Kmlvhsk rlolo gfgotrko phih

Jghftj Lrehmkzhtklm (UJL) phih thjum 3281, pgmeeumhhm rlolo ik iumkh sgchmyho 13,;%

hwhfmyh ikeumhohm sgchehk shfhj shtu hfht chmtu cgrjgmtk ngrlolo hthu tgrhpk

prkh ihm 8:,9% whmkth ihrk tlthf pgmiuiuo ik

pgmeehmtk

iumkh. Fgckj ihrk :2% pgrlolo ik sgfuruj

Yjgrhpy, MSY ) igmehm ahrh ngmeurhmek

iumkh cgrhih ik mgehrh cgrognchme. Rhih

ohihr mkoltkm rlolo gfgotrko sgahrh cgrthjhp

thjum 322:, dunfhj olmsungm rlolo ik

ik chwhj supgrvksk ilotgr. Mhnum phih

Kmilmgskh ngmiuiuok pgrkmeoht mlnlr tkeh

thjum 3282, UJL tkiho fhek ngrgolngmihsk

tgrcgshr

pgmeeumhhmmyh

ik

iumkh

sgtgfhj

Akmih

ihm

mkoltkm

(Mkaltkmg (Mkaltkmg

sgchehk

Sgpfhagngmt

MSY

ohrgmh

Ogsgjhthm

cgcgrhph stuik ngmgnuohm ohmiumehm zht

prgvhfgmsk

phih ahkrhm rlolo gfgotrko sgpgrtk prlpkfgm

pgrlolo ihrk thjum 8;;7 sgchmyho 35% ihm

efkolf, efksgrkm, mkoltkm, gostrho tgnchohu,

phih thjum 3281 ngmkmeoht ngmdhik 10,1%.

pgrhsh

Oghihhm

ohrskmlegm

sgjkmeeh

ngngmujk

umsur

Kmikh.Ihth

Ogngmtgrkhm

ngmumduoohm

kmk

pgmkmeohthm

sgnhokm

ohrgmh prgvhfgmsk ngmehfhnk

ngmeojhwhtkrohm

pgrlolo

ogmhkohm

phih

pgrgnpuhm thjum

8;;7

Ykmeekmyh

(Chihm

Rgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm lfgj @lli hmi Irue Hinkmkstrhtklm  Hinkmkstrhtklm  (@IH) ik Hngrkoh

cgrchmikme furus igmehm dunfhj pgrlolo

phih thjum 322; tgmthme rlolo gfgotrko

phsk`

ngmygcutohm chjwh tgrihpht zht ohrskmlegm

tgrphphr

hshp

pgrlolo

oghnhmhm

tkiho

hotk`

yhme

dunfhj

ikmyhthohm

ihm

Rgmehwhs Lcht ihm Nhohmhm, 3287).

sgcgshr 9,3% ngmdhik sgcgshr 0,5% ik thjum 3281.

yhme ihpht ngmdhik rhaum

rlolo

fhkm(Ulrfi Jghftj Lrehmkzhtklm, 3281).

lrhme

phih rlolo gfgotrko yhme iksgcut igmehm Ikgtjyfgmg Efyalf (IGE) ihm Ylchaal Qpgsk`ka

jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

831

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

Mktrlshnkm   (YQMH) yme cgrsk`ht tlosko. Jhskf Mktrlshnkm

gdhoufht ihm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh pgr vlfung

pgmgfktkhm

umtuo

gdhoufht. Mhnum, yhme unun ikphohk hihfhj

ogphih

dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh pgr nf gdhoufht([htkn,

kmk

ngmilrlme

ngmegfuhrohm

@IH

pgrkmehthm

nhsyrhrhoht tgmthme chjhyh rlolo gfgotrko

8;;9).

yhme ngmehmiume zht tlsko ihm cgrsk`ht ohrskmlegm. ogckdhohm

Jhf

kmk

ngncuht

pgnchthshm

hihmyh

pgmduhfhm

ihm

Rgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm lfgj (Chihm Rgmehwhs

Lcht

ihm

Nhohmhm,

Shdpurohr

ioo.

(3222)

phih

3287) jgwhm

ikstrkcusk rlolo gfgotrko ik cgcgrph Mgehrh,

pgralchhm, ikihphtohm chjwh pgnhphrhm

sgpgrtk ik Hngrkoh (@IH, 3288). Nhsyhrhoht

hshp

Kmilmgskh dueh tgfhj ikpgrkmehtohm lfgj

ngmygchcohm pgmurumhm dunfhj spgrnhtki.

Chihm Rgmehwhs Lcht ihm Nhohmhm umtuo

Ykous yhme tgrphphr hshp rlolo sgfhnh 97

tkiho ngmeeumhohm rlolo gfgotrko ohrgmh

jhrk ngmehfhnk pgmurumhm ikhngtgr tucufus

rlolo

sgnkmk`grlus sgjkmeeh dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh

gfgotrko

ihpht

fgckj

cgrchjhyh

rlolo

sgfhnh

12

jhrk

ihpht

ikchmikmeohm igmehm rlolo olmvgmsklmhf

yhme

(Chn gt hf., 3289).

Ygrehmeeumyh spgrnhtlegmgsks ik tucufus

Qpgrnhtlegmgsks hihfhj suhtu prlsgs pgrognchmehm ihrk spgrnhtlmekh yhme

sgnkmk`grus ngmehokchtohm pgmurumhm ouhfkths spgrnh sgjkmeeh ngmygchcohm

cgrhshf ihrk gpktgf tucufus sgnkmk`grus yhme

km`grtkf.

cgrprlfk`grhsk

ihm

hohm

fgckj

sgikokt.

ngmdhik

Rgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm lfgj Ylly N,

spgrnhtlzlh.Qkofus spgrnhtlegmgsks phih

gt hff (3280) dueh ngmyhthohm jhskf yhme

ngmakt jhnpgr shnh igmehm yhme tgrdhik

shnh. Rhphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko sgfhnh 72

phih nhnhfkh. Qhtu skofus spgrnhtlegmgsks ik

jhrk yhme ikcgrkohm ogphih ; golr tkous

tucufus sgnkmk`grk shnphk ikfgphsohmmyh

wksthr

spgrnhtlzlh

ngmygchcohm

og

cgruchj

ikjhskfohm

fungm

sgnkmk`grk

phih

dhmthm

(Shttus (Shttus

mlrvgekaus) mlrvgekaus)

pgmurumhm

ouhfkths

ngmakt hihfhj cgrokshr 17,7 jhrk hthu ourhme

spgrnhtlzlh. Cgrihshrohm jhf tgrsgcut nhoh

ihrk

pgmgfktk kmekm ngmehmhfksks hphohj hih g`go

7

nkmeeu

(Suej,

8;0:).

Qpgrnh

ikohthohm ngnpumyhk ouhfkths yhme chko

hshp

hphckfh nhnpu ngncuhjk lvun. Qhfhj shtu

spgrnhtlzlh phih ngmakt. 

kmikohtlr `grtkf hthu tkiho hihfhj igmehm

rlolo

gfgotrko

Rgmgfktkhm

kmk

tgrjhihp

cgrtuduhm

dunfhj

umtuo

ngfkjht ouhfkths spgrnhmyh. Ouhfkths spgrnh

ngmegthjuk dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh ngmakt yhme

kmk ihpht iktgmtuohm ngfhfuk pgngrkoshhm

ikphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm 2 ne

nhorlsolpks

mkoltkm

htupum

nkorlolpks

igmehm

ihm

umtuo

ngmegthjuk

dunfhj

ngfkjht dunfhj, nlr`lflek ihm nltkfkths

spgrnhtlzlh ngmakt yhme ikphphr hshp rlolo

spgrnhtlzlh(Mhsutklm, 8;;;).

gfgotrko igmehm 8: ne mkoltkm.

Dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh ikjktume igmehm ahrh ngfkjht dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh pgr nf jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

831

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

NGYLIG

Ygnpht pgmgfktkhm ik Fhclrhtlrkun dgmks

@houfths Kfnu Ogsgjhthm Wmkvgrskths Nh‛hrk`

pgmgfktkhm gospgrkngmthf ihm ihth ikpgrlfgj

Jhsykn Fhtk` Qkilhrdl. Rgmgfktkhm ikfhouohm

ihrk jhskf pgngrkoshhm fhclrhtlrkun igmehm

thmeehf

ngmeeumhohm

Rgmehnckfhm

Rgmgfktkhm

kmk

ngruphohm

ngtlig  ngtlig 

jhgnhaytlngtgr  

(ohnhr jktume).

39

Dhmuhrk

-

shnpgf

21

Nhrgt

ikfhouohm

328:. sgtgfhj

ngmakt ikphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko sgfhnh 12

Rlpufhsk ihfhn pgmgfktkhm kmk yhktu

jhrk.

ngmakt dhmthm strhkm Chfc/A yhme ikpgrlfgj ihrk Kmstktutg l` Yrlpkahf Iksghsg (KYI)

JHQKF IHM RGNCHJHQHM Jhskf

Wmkvgrskths Hkrfhmeeh Qurhchyh. Qhnpgf yhme

pgngrkoshhm

shnpgf

spgrnh

ikphohk yhktu ngmakt dhmthm strhkm Chfc/A

tgmthme dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh phih ngmakt

cgrdunfhj 87 ngmakt ihm ikchek ngmdhik 1

yhme tgrphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko ihfhn

ogflnplo. Ykhp ogflnplo pgrfhouhm tgrihpht

whotu 12 jhrk igmehm ngmakt yhme tkiho

7 ngmakt, igmehm rkmakhm sgchehk cgrkout4

tgrphphr

8.  Ogflnplo

thmph

Ngmakt ikphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm 2

ikkmjhfhsk hshp rlolo. 3.  Rgrfhouhm pgrthnh 4 Ngmakt ikkmjhfhsk

ne mkoltkm (R8) ihm ngmakt yhme ikphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm ohihr mkoltkm 8:

hshp rlolo gfgotrko thmph ohmiumehm

ne mkoltkm (R3) tgrihpht pgrcgihhm yhme

mkoltkm (2 ne mkoltkm)

cgrnhomh.

olmtrlf

1.  Rgrfhouhm ogiuh

4Ngmakt

hshp

rlolo

gfgotrko

(olmtrlf).

4 Ngmakt ikkmjhfhsk

hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm ohihr mkoltkm 8: ne.

Yhcgf 8. Shth Shth Dunfhj Qpgrnhtlzlh Ngmakt Qgtgfhj Rgnhphrhm Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko Qgfhnh 12 Jhrk

8

3

1

9

7

Shth Shth Dunfhj Qpgrnhtlzlh (Duth/nf)

Olmtrlf

87,8:

8:,21

37,3

89,;8

82,59

80,:80¸ 7,1

Rgrfhouhm 8

81,5:

0,9;

0,79

83,;9

83,9

82,913 ¸ 1,0

3,;9

7,319 ¸ 3,;

Wfhmehm (Duth/nf) Ml

Ogflnplo

8 3

1 Rgrfhouhm 3 3,50 82,83 5,81 1,33 Quncgr4 Ihth jhskf pgngrkoshhm fhclrhtlrkun, 328:

Cgrihshrohm thcgf ik hths, ikogthjuk chjwh

dunfhj

spgrnhtlzlh

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 80,:80 duth/nf igmehm

ngmakt

sthmihrt igvkskhsk ¸7,1. Rhih pgrfhouhm 8 rhth

ikpgmehrujk lfgj hshp rlolo gfgotrko. Rhih ogflnplo olmtrlf rhth rhth dunfhj

rhth dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 82,913

jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

839

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

duth/nf igmehm sthmihr igvkskhsk ¸1,0 ihm

nhsyhrhoht Kmilmgskh hihfhj rlolo gfgotrko.

pgrfhouhm 3 rhth rhth dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh

Slolo gfgotrko ikeumhohm ohrgmh ikhmeehp

sgcgshr

fgckj

7,319

duth/nf

igmehm

sthmihr

igvkskhsk ¸3,;.

hnhm

ihm

pgmeeumhhmmyh,

fgckj tgthpk

styfksj   styfksj

ihfhn

UJL

tkiho

ngrgolngmihskohm pgmeeumhhm ihrk rlolo gfgotrko

ohrgmh

cgcgrhph

pgmgfktkhm

ngmygcutohm chjwh ik ihfhn rlolo gfgotrko tgrihpht cgcgrhph zht cgrchjhyh sgpgrtk prlpkfgm efkolf, efksgrkm, mkoltkm, gostrho tgnchohu ihm zht pgrhsh yhme yhme ihpht ngmdhik zht ohrskmlegm sgjkmeeh tkiho ngngmujk Ehnchr 8. Erh`ko fhclrhtlrkun, 328:.

jhskf

pgngrkoshhm

umsurg oghnhmhm (Chihm Rgmehwhs Lcht ihm Nhohmhm, 3287). Ihrk

jhskf

pgmgfktkhm

yhme

tgfhj

ikfhouohm, phih ogflnplo olmtrlf dunfhj Ihrk erh`ko ik hths, ikogthju chjwh phih ikherhn whrmh ckru (ogflnplo olmtrlf)

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 80,:80 duth/nf. Rhih pgrfhouhm 8 (pgnhphrhm hshp rlolo gfgotrko

ngmumduoohm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr

igmehm ohmiumehm 2 ne mkoltkm) dunfhj

80,:80 duth/nf. Rhih ikherhn yhme cgwhrmh

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 82,913 duth/nf. Rhih

lrhmeg (pgrfhouhm 8) ngmumduohm dunfhj

pgrfhouhm pgrthnh ngmehfhnk pgmurumhm

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 82,913 duth/nf. Rhih

ihrk ogflnplo olmtrlf sgchmyho 93,70%. Jhf

ikherhn yhme cgwhrmh hcu hcu (pgrfhouhm 3)

kmk

ngmumduohm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr

mkoltkm yhme tgrtgrh phih fhcgf fkquki hthu

7,319

ngmehfhnk

ahkrhm rlolo gfgotrko tkiho sgsuhk igmehm

pgmurumhm ihrk ogflnplo olmtrlf sgcgshr

ohihr yhme sgcgmhrmyh ohrgmh CRLN tgfhj

93,70%

ngmehfhnk

ngmeudk fhclrhtlrkun tgrjhihp tuduj ngrgo

pgmurumhm ihrk pgrfhouhm 8 sgcgshr 19,07%

fkquki rlolo gfgotrlmko yhme ikduhf ngfhfuk

sgihmeohm

og

ogihk rlolo ihm sgahrh lmfkmg lmfkmg.. Ihrk rlolo

pgrfhouhm 3 ngmehfhnk pgmurumhm dunfhj

gfgotrko yhme ikudk ikihphtohm chjwh hih 9

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 55,38%.

ngrgo yhme ngmumduoohm jhskf ohihr mkoltkm

duth/nf.

ihm

Rgrfhouhm

pgrfhouhm

ihrk

8

3

ogflnplo

olmtrlf

cksh

iksgchcohm

ohrgmh

ohmiumehm

Ngrlolo tgfhj ngmdhik shfhj shtu

tkiho shnh igmehm hph yhme tgrtufks ik fhcgf

ogckhshhm yhme ihpht cgrpgmehruj tgrjhihp

ognhshm igmehm sknphmehm igvkhsk sgcgshr

ogsgjhthm nhmuskh. Ogckhshhm kmk tkiho jhmyh

83,:%-8;,:% (Chihm Rgmehwhs Lcht ihm

ikfhouohm prkh igwhsh tgthpk dueh whmkth ihm

Nhohmhm,

hmho-hmho. Qhfhj shtu dgmks rlolo yhme

dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh cksh dueh iksgchcohm

tgmehj ngmdhik `gmlngmh chru ik tgmehj

ohrgmh hihmyh ohmiumehm prlpkfgm efkolf

jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

3287).

Qgfhkm

ktu,

pgmurumhm

837

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

yhme hih phih ahkrhm rlolo gfgotrko sgjkmeeh

ngmehokchtohm ogrushohm sgf ngfhfuk tkeh

phih shht

ahrh, yhktu 4 pgrloskihsk fkpki ngncrhm sgf

ikjkrup ihpht ngmkncufohm

ehmeeuhm phih skstgn rgprliuosk.

yhme ngmygchcohm ogrushohm ngncrhm sgf,

Ihth pgrfhouhm ogiuh (Rgnhphrhm

ogrushohm IMH yhme ngmehokchtohm nuthsk

hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm ohmiumehm 8: ne

IMH chjohm ognhtkhm sgf, ihm nlik`kohsk

mkoltkm) ngmumduoohm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh

prltgkm tgrloskihsk (@huzk, 322:)(Ounhr gt

sgcgshr 7,319 duth /nf. Jhf kmk cgrcgih myhth

hf .,., 3227). Shikohf cgchs ngruphohm shfhj

igmehm ogflnplo pgrfhouhm pgrthnh igmehm

shtu thregt ihrk sgmyhwh fkpki, prltgkm, hshn

pgmurumhm sgcgshr 19,07%. Jhf kmk cksh

fgnhj tho dgmuj, fkplprltgkm, ohrcljkirht,

iksgchcohm

mkoltkm

sgrth IMH ihm SMH. Nlfgouf yhme phfkme

igmehm dunfhj yhme cgshr yhktu 8: ne.

rgmthm tgrjhihp rhikohf cgchs yhktu hshn

Ohmiumehm ahkrhm rlolo gfgotrko sgpgrtk

fgnho tho dgmuj yhme tgrihpht ikihfhn sgf

mkoltkm yhme ckfh ikchohr hohm ngmejhskfohm

(@huzk, 322:). Ogrushohm sgf hokcht sgrhmehm

rhikohf

rhikohf cgchs yhme phfkme hwhf ikogthjuk

ohrgmh

cgchs

ohmiumehm

ngruphohm

chjhm

tlosko

ckfhnhmh nhsuo ogihfhn tucuj. Shikohf

pgrlskihsg

cgchs ngnpumyhk rghotkvkths yhme tkmeek. Sghotkvkths yhme ikjhskfohm lfgj rhikohf

tgrdhikmyh rghatkvg Lxyegm Qpgakgs (SLQ).  (SLQ).  Hotkvkths SLQ yhme cgrfgckj ihpht

cgchs ihpht ngrusho prltgkm, ohrcljkirht,

ngmkmeohtohm strgss loskihtk` yhktu suhtu

fgnho ihm hshn muofght. Shikohf cgchs

oghihhm iknhmh tkiho tgrdhik ogsgknchmehm

tgrihpht

spgrnh

hmthrh prloskihm ihm hmtkloskihm (Qkrgehr,

nhmuskh. Ykncufmyh rhikohf cgchs ihfhn

322;) hokcht hihmyh rhikohf cgchs ikihfhn

tucuj

ngohmksng

tucuj nhoh hohm tgrdhik ehmeeuhm pgmyhokt pgmyhokt

pgrthjhmhm gmilegm igmehm ngnprliuosk

ihfhn shfurhm rgprliuosk, shfhj shtumyh

zht yhme ngnpumyhk pgmehruj sgchehk hmtk

yhktu ehmeeuhm phih lrehm rgprliuosk. Rhih

rhikohf cgchs yhme iksgcut hmtkloskihm, tgthpk

oghihhm

hphckfh prliuosk rhikohf cgchs hthu loskegm

hmhthrh SLQ ihm hotkvkths hmtkloskihm ihfhn

rghotk` (SLQ) ngmkmeoht ngfgckjk ihrk skstgn

rgprliuosk

pgrthjhm hmtkloskihm tucuj nhoh hohm

phtlfleks nkshfmyh phphrhm ihrk hshp rlolo

ngmkncufohm strgs loskihtk`. Qtrgs loskihtk`

hthu plfusk ngmygchcohm prliuosk SLQ hohm

ihpht

ngmkmeoht

sgahrh

`ksklfleks

ikknchmek

igmehm

ngmygchcohm

ngncrhm

sgf

phih

ogrushohm

sgjkmeeh

hohm

phih tgrdhik

fkpki. Jhf

mlrnhf

dhmthm

kmk hohm

tgrihpht

mhnum

sgjkmeeh

ngnkau

ogsgknchmehm

phih

olmiksk

ngmeehmeeu

ogsgknchmehm skstgn prloskihm. Qgfhmdutmyh,

pgmurumhm phih nlr`lflek, nltkfkths ihm

spgrnhtlzlh

olmsgmtrhsk spgrnhtlzlh (Ylly gt hf., 3280).

sgjkmeeh spgrnhtlzlh ogjkfhmehm nltkfkths,

Qtrgs loskihtk` ngruphohm olmiksk iknhmh

tgrdhik

pgmkmeohthm

SLQ.

Rhih

ngmehfhnk

strgss

loskihtk`

vkhckfkths, dunfhj ihm ogrushohm nlr`lflek (Kmthmk, 3282).

olmiksk strgs loskihtk`, rhikohf cgchs ihpht jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

830

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

Jhskf pgmgfktkhm kmk sgsuhk igmehm

spgrnhtlskt prkngr, spgrnhtki ihm fhpkshm

pgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm lfgj Ohrkn I

sgf spgrnhtlegmko sgrth pgmurumhm ouhfkths

(3288),

(Nus (Nus

spgrnhtlzlh sgahrh myhth yhme ikthmihk

nusaufus F) F) yhme tgrphphr hshp rlolo

igmehm pgmurumhm prlsgmthsg spgrnhtlzlh

gfgotrko

mlrnhf,

ogagphthm

tgrdhikmyh pgmurumhm ouhfkths spgrnhtlzlh.

nltkfkths

spgrnhtlzlh

Jhf kmk tgrdhik ohrgmh hihmyh prliuo rhikohf

jkiup.

chjwh

12

sgfhnh

ngmakt

87

jhrk

dhmthm

ngmumduoohm

egrho

spgrnhtlzlh,

ihm

spgrnhtlzlh

cgchs yhme ikogfuhrohm lfgj rlolo gfgotrko. Dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh yhme ikjhskfohm lfgj

tgstks

ngohmksng

shmeht sgahrh

spgrnhtlegmgsks sgnkmk`grus.

tgrehmtume

OGQKNRWFHM Qgsuhk

phih

igmehm

tuduhm

pgmgftkhm,

fhmesume

tgrjhihp

pgmgfktkhm kmk ngmejhskfohm tgnuhm chjwh

ihfhn

tucufus

hih pgmehruj dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh ngmakt

spgrnhtlegmgsks

yhme ikphphr hshp rlolo gfgotrko igmehm 2

ik

Hphckfh

cgrfhmesume mlrnhf, nhoh hohm ikjhskfohm

ne

dunfhj

ckfh

spgrnhtlzlh sgcgshr 93,70% ikchmikmeohm

spgrnhtlegmgsks cgrfhmesume tkiho mlrnhf nhoh hohm ikjhskfohm dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh

ogflnplo almtrlf ihm hih pgmehruj dunfhj spgrnhtlzlh ngmakt yhme ikphphr hshp rlolo

yhme tkiho mlrnhf. Qgpgrtk yhme okth ogthjuk,

gfgotrko igmehm ohmiumehm 8: ne mkoltkm

dkoh ikihfhn tucuj okth tgrihpht rhikohf

igmehm

pgmurumhm

cgchs yhme cgrfgckj nhoh hohm ngmeehmeeu

sgcgshr

55,38% ikchmikmeohm

prlsgs spgrnhtlegmgsks.

Olmtrlf.

spgrnhtlzlh

yhme

mlrnhf,

mkoltkm

igmehm

pgmurumhm

dunfhj

dunfhj

spgrnhtlzlh ogflnplo

Ihrk jhskf pgmgfktkhm kmk, pgmgfktk ihpht

Jhskf pgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm lfgj Dgns ngncuotkohm chjwh pgnhphrhm hshp

ngncgrkohm

rlolo

nhsyhrhoht tgruthnh chpho chpho, hmho

ihpht

ngmurumohm

olmsgmtrhsk

nuih

hcmlrnhfkths

ngmeeumhohm ihm ngnhohk rlolo gfgotrko.

spgrnhtlzlh. Rgmkmeohthm ihm pgmurumhm

Qgihmeohm, umtuo nhjhskswh, ikjhrhpohm

tgrsgcut sgdhfhm igmehm fhnhmyh pgnhphrhm

ikfhouohm pgmgfktkhm fgckj fhmdut tgmthme

hshp rlolo. Rgmurumhm ouhfkths spgrnhtlzlh

pgngrkoshm sktlflek tgrjhihp tgstks. 

sgrth

ihm

vkhckfkths

ngmkmeohtohm

hmho

hmho

ogphih

spgrnhtlzlh

spgrnhtlzlh

nhupum

rgolngmihsk

hehr

tkiho

ikiueh hokcht rhikohf cgchs hshp rlolo yhme cgrsk`ht

sktltlosko

(Dgns

gt

hf.,

3289).

Rgmgfktkhm yhme ikfhouohm Mlr Hkmh (3227) ngmygcutohm chjwh, phphrhm hshp rlolo

IH@YHS RWQYHOH Chihm Rgmehwhs Lcht ihm Nhohmhm, 3287. Chjhyh Slolo Gfgotrlmko Shaum Cgrchfut Ygomlflek. Dhohrth. Ygomlflek. Dhohrth.

ihpht ngmejhncht prlsgs spgrnhtlegmgsks igmehm

Chn, Y., Clfflw, U., Cgrgzjmlvh, K., Dhaoslm-

pgmurumhm dunfhj sgf-sgf spgrnhtlelmkun,

Nlrks, H., Dlmgs, H., Fhtk`, G., 3289. Rlsktklm sthtgngmt lm gfgatrlmka 835

sgahrh

myhth

yhme

ikthmihk

jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

 

Ckltrlpka   ,, 328;, 1(8)4 833 -83:   Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnh Ngmakt (Nus nusaufus) [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko

akehrgttg lr gfgatrlmka mkaltkmg igfkvgry systgns. Kmt D Yucgra Fume Iks 8:, Iks  8:, 7‑5.

Qpgrnh ihm Ohihr NIH Ygstks Ngmakt Dhmthm (Nus nusaufus F). Wmkvgrskths Qunhtgrh Wthrh. Ygsks

@huzk, Y.N., 322:. Hotkvkths Shikohf Cgchs Rhih Jgphr Ykous. @houfths Ogilotgrhm Wmkvgrskths Crhwkdhyh, Nhfhme.

Mhsutklm, H., 8;;;.  Hmirlflek  Hmirlflek.. @houfths Ogilotgrhm Wmkvgrskths Hmihfhs, Rhihme.

@IH,

3288. @fhvlrgi Ylchaal. jttp4//www.`ih.elv/YlchaalRrli uats/RrltgatkmeOkis`rlnYlchaal/ @fhvlrgiYlchaal/ig`huft.jtn

Kmthmk, [., 3282. Rgmehruj Yknchf (Rc) Rhih Wdhrh Dhfhm Ylf Ygrjhihp Ehnchrhm Nkorlsolpks Ygstks Ihm Ohihr Yknchf (Rc) Ihfhn Ihrhj Ngmakt Chfc/a Dhmthm. Wmkvgrskths Ikplmgelrl, Qgnhrhme. Dgns, H., Ousunlrkmk, M., Heumeprkylml, Q., Qksnkm, H., Q., 3289. Rgruchjhm Ouhfkths Qpgrnhtlzlh Ihm Dunfhj Qgf-Qgf Qpgrnhtlegmko Ykous [hme Ygrphphr Hshp Slolo . Ohrkn, Ihrwkm. 3288. Rgmehruj Rhphrhm Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko Ygrjhihp Nltkfkths, Dunfhj Qgf Qpgrnh ihm Rgmehruj Rhphrhm Hshp Slolo Gfgotrko Ygrjhihp Nltkfkths, Dunfhj Qgf

jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka  jttp4//durmhfshkmtgo.ukmscy.ha.ki/kmigx.pjp/ckltrlpka 

Qkrgehr, D.J., 322;. Rgmehruj Rgncgrkhm Pkthnkm A Ygrjhihp Dunfhj Qgf Fgyike Ihm Dunfhj Qpgrnh Ngmakt Dhmthm [hme Ikphphr Nlmlslikun Efuthnhtg (NQE). Wmkvgrskths Qunhtrh Wthrh, Ngihm. Ylly, N., Igphrtgngm Cklflek @houfths NKRH, F., Qhtkhwhtk, F., 3280. Rgrchmikmehm ouhfkths spgrnhtlzlh tkous wksthr (rhttus mlrvgekaus) yhme ikcgrk phphrhm hshp rlolo igmehm hshp rlolo gfgotrlmko. D. gfgotrlmko.  D. G-Cklngiko GCN   .. Ulrfi Jghftj Lrehmkzhtklm, 3281. Ngikh Agmtrg4 @hat Qjggts l` Ylchaal. jttp4//www.wjl. kmt/ngikhagmtrg/`hatsjggts/`s11; /gm/ [htkn, U., 8;;9. Sgprliuosk ihm Gncrklflek.  Gncrklflek.  Yhrsktl, Chmiume.

83: