Vallalar Kaatiya Gnana Neri

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp bghUslf;fk; 1/ 2/ 3/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/ 15/ 16/ 17/

Kd;Diu mzpe;Jiu ,uhkyp';fiug; gw;wp rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs; gpzp czt[ Fz';fs; xGf;fk; cwf;fk; K:g;g[ gak; Jd;gk; gf;jp $PtfhUz;ak; rkaj; bja;t';fs; rhjid jtk; tpdh tpil Download this free e-book from http://www.vallalar.org or http://www.saintramalingam.org

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2 7 11 17 20 23 30 33 47 51 54 58 61 72 80 100 107 113

Kd;Diu 1 vy;yh $Ptd;fisa[k;tpl mwptpw; rpwe;jtd; kdpjnd/ ,jpy; re;njfkpy;iy/ tpag;g[kpy;iy/ vy;yhj;

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2

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3

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4

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7

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

xGf;fk; $PtfhUz;ak; jtk; Mfpatw;iwf; iff;bfhz;nl ,e;jj; J}y njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L ek; xt;bthUtuhYk; kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[k; vd;W ts;syhh; tpsf;fpa[s;sij ,g;g[j;jfk; bjspthf;Ffpd;wJ/ nkYk; czt[. cwf;fk;. xGf;fk; Kjypait ve;j epiyapy; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sthnw tpsf;fp ,Ug;gJ mUik/ xt;bthU FLk;gj;jtUk; th';fpg; gadila ntz;Lfpd;nwhk;/ Rgh!;re;jpud; knyrpa _ mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f FUFy ,af;fk;

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8

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

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12

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rpe;jpf;f ntz;oa rpe;jidfs; ,e;j cyfk; vg;nghJ njhd;wpaJ> vt;thW njhd;wpaJ> ,ijj; njhw;wpaJ ahh;> ,ut[ gfy; vg;go cz;lhfpwJ> $Ptd;fs; vt;thW njhd;wpd> ,Jtiu ehk; v';nf ,Ue;njhk;> ehk; vd;d Mfg; nghfpnwhk;> ehk; ,we;j gpd; ek; epiy vd;d> ehk; ahh;> ekf;Fs;ns caph; v';nf ,Uf;fpwJ> mJ Vd; ek;ik tpl;Lg; gphpfpwJ> vt;thW gphpfpwJ> Vd; gphpa ntz;Lk;> gphpahky; itj;Jf; bfhs;s Koahjh> kW gpwtp cz;lh> ek; Kd;ndhh;fspy; gyh; ,t;thW rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ ,e;jr; rpe;jidapd; gyd; jhd; "hd mwptpd; njhw;wk;/ ,e;jr; rpe;jidahsh;fns "hdpfs;/ ,th;fs; j';fs; cliyg; gytpjkhf Muha;r;rp bra;jhh;fs;/ gy cz;ikfisf; fz;lwpe;jhh;fs;/ gy rhjidfisr; bra;jhh;fs;/ cz;ikiaf; fz;lwptjw;fhfg; gyh; kidtp. kf;fs;. brhj;J. Rfk; midj;jpida[k; Jwe;J fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;/ ,e;j "hdpfs; kf;fSf;F cz;ikia czh;j;Jthd; ntz;o gy mhpa E}y;fis ,aw;wpdhh;fs;/ mit midj;Jk; mwpt[g; bgl;lf';fshf ek;ik thH;tpf;fpd;wd/ mUshsh;fshy; vGjg; bgw;w ntj';fs;. Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs;. jpUf;Fws;. Mj;jpr;N:o. bfhd;iwnte;jd;. ey;tHp. njthuk;. jpUthrfk;. jpUg;g[fH; nghd;w gy Mapuf;fzf;fhd ePjp E}y;fSk; gf;jp E}y;fSk; fzf;fpyl';fh/ xsitahh;. jpUts;Sth; nghd;nwhh; kf;fSf;F ePjp E}y;fis tH';fp kf;fis bewpg;gLj;jg; ghLgl;ldh;/ mUshsh;fs; gf;jpia tsh;j;jdh;/ Mya';fs; vGg;gpdh;/ rka';fis cz;lhf;fpdh;/ flt[isg; gw;wpa[k;

13

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

mtiu milaf;Toa khh;f;f';fisg; gw;wpa[k; nghjpj;jdh;/ rl';FfSk; rk;gpujha';fSk; tFf;fg;gl;ld/ ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; kf;fisj; jpUj;j. ey;tHpg;gLj;j mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/ mUshsh;fs; thpirapy;. 19k; E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; vd;W nghw;wg;gLk; tlY}h; ,uhkyp';f mofs;/ ,Jtiu kiwf;fg;gl;oUe;j gy cz;ikfis btspg;gLj;jpaJld; ahUk; Twhj gy fUj;Jf;fisf; Twpdhh;/ kdpjd; vij ,He;jhYk; caph; thH Koa[k;/ capiuna ,He;J tpl;lhy;> thH;tpd; vy;iy kuzk; jhd;/ capiu tpl nkyhdJ vJ> ve;j $PtDk; capiutpLtjw;Fr; rk;kjpg;gjpy;iy/ caph; thHnt Mirg;gLk;/ vd;whtJ xU ehs; kuzk; te;nj jPUk; vd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; mjidj; jLf;f tHp njlhky; khz;L nghfyhkh vd;W ts;syhh; tpdtpdhh;/ me;j kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[kh vd;W Ma;t[ bra;jhh;/ ve;bje;j tHpfspy; kdpjd; kuzj;ijr; re;jpf;fpwhd; vd;W rpe;jpj;jhh;/ me;j tHpfisbay;yhk; milj;jhh;/ vg;nghJ nfl;lhYk; ,y;iy vd;W Twhky; Mk; ,Uf;fpd;whh; vd;W TWk;go thH;f;ifia mikj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;. btw;wpa['; fz;lhh;/ rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp';F vdf;nf MkhW mUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;) gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; vt;thW kdpjid milfpd;wd ? mtw;iw vt;thW jLf;f ,aYk;/ ts;syhh; tHpapy; ehKk; Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/

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ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

gpzp kdpjg; gpwg;ig kpf kpf cah;e;j gpwg;ghfg; ngrp tUfpd;nwhk;/ fy;tp; mwpt[ bgwf;Toa xnu $Ptd; kdpjd; jhd;/ vt;tst[jhd; cah;e;j epiyapy; thH;e;jhYk; gpzpf;F Mshfhj kdpjnd ,y;iy vdyhk;/ bghpa gzf;fhud;. trjp kpf;ftd;/ bry;tk; Vuhskhf ,Ue;Jk; xd;Wk; rhg;gpl Koahky; nfhJikf; f";rp Fof;fpwhd;/ new;W tiu ed;whf ,Ue;jhnu vd;d Mapw;W vd;why; vjph;ghuhky; khuilg;g[ Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ khz;L nghdhh; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ jiyRw;wy; ? kaf;fk; ? nfl;lhy; ,uj;j mGj;j neha; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ if fhy; RthjPdkpHe;J ghhpr nehahy; thLnthh; vz;zpf;if fzf;fpyl';fh/ kdpjdpd; kuzj;jpw;F Vnjh xU gpzp fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ/ fha;r;ry;. mk;ik. fhkhiy. the;jpngjp. ,uj;j mGj;jk;. rf;fiu tpahjp. ghhpr tha[. khuilg;g[ nghd;w gytpjkhd neha;fspy; Vnjh xd;W kuzj;jpw;Ff; fhuzkhfpd;wJ/ rpfbul; g[ifapiy nghd;wtw;why; Fzg;gLj;j kUe;nj ,y;yhj g[w;W neha; tUfpwJ/ yl;rf; fzf;fhndhh; ,e;j nehahy; khz;L nghfpd;whh;fs;/ caph; thH rpfbul;. g[ifapiy. Kjypait mtrpakh ? rpe;jpj;Jg; ghU';fs;/ tPz; bryt[ kl;Lky;y ? bgUk; Mgj;ij my;yth tpiy bfhLj;J th';Ffpnwhk;/ Kot[ ek; capiu ,Hf;fpd;nwhk;/ njit jhdh>

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ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

kJ mUe;Jjy; mJ nky;ehl;Lr; ruf;fha; ,Ue;jhYk; fs;sr; rhuhakha; ,Ue;jhYk; fy;yPuiyg; ghjpj;J kuzj;ij tpistpf;fpwJ/ FLk;gKk; rPuHpfpwJ ? ,J njitjhdh/ bfhGg;g[ rj;J mjpfKs;s cztpdhYk; mjpf nfhgk; Kjypa Fz';fshYk; ,uj;j mGj;j neha; cz;lhfpwJ ? ,jd; bjhlh;ghf ghhpr tpahjpa[k;. khuilg;g[; nghd;wita[k; Vw;gLfpd;wd/ gf;Ftkhd cztpdhYk; rhe;j Fzj;jpdhYk; ,e;neha;fis Kw;wpYk; jtph;f;fyhnk/ khuilg;g[. ghhpr tha[ nghd;w ga';fukhd neha;fl;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; khkpr czt[/ ,ij xHpj;Jtpl;lhy; ,e;j neha;fisa[k; xHpj;J tplyhnk/ ekJ K:jhijah; Myak; brd;W tyk; tUk;goa[k; etf;fpufj;ij 108 Kiw Rw;wp tUkhWk; gzpj;jhh;fs;/ ,ja neha; tuhky; ,Ue;jJ/ jw;bghGJ ,ja neha; te;j gpwF xU ehisf;F xU kzp neukhtJ lhf;lh; elf;fr; brhy;fpwhh;/ kf;fs; $hf;fp'; ngha; tUfpd;whh;fs;/ ekJ Kd;ndhh; tUKd; fhj;jhh;fs;/ guk;giuahf tUk; tpahjpfSk; cz;L ? gHf;f tHf;fj;jpdhy; tUk; tpahjpfSk; cz;L ? Fzf;nfLfshYk; tpahjpfs; tUfpd;wd/ cz;Qqk; cztpd; mgf;Ft epiyahYk; gpzpfs; tUfpd;wd/ kuzj;ijj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lkhdhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;f;f ntz;Lk;/ @nehaw;w thH;tpy; ehd; thH ntz;Lk;@ vd;W bja;tkzp khiyapy; ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ mjw;F xnu tHp ehk; vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW ,Ue;jhy; neha;fisj; jtph;f;f Koa[k;/ ek;Kila bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;s mwpt[iufisg; goj;J mt;thW ele;jhy; gpzpfisj; jtph;j;J thHyhk;/

16

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

mg;go vr;rhpf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; rpy gpzpfs; thuhky; ,uh/ mf;fhy';fspy; vd;d bra;a ntz;Lk;/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[ bgw;w ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; bgaiur; brhd;dhy; gpzpfs; gwe;njhog; nghFk;/ Mjhuk; thuhj ty;tpid neha; te;jhYk; td;ikbahL nruhj ghtbky;yhk; nrh;ejhYk; jPuhbjd;W Mh; brhd;dhh; v';fs; mUl;gpufhrg; bgUkhd; ngh; brhd;dhy; nghnk gpzp ,J moath; thf;F ? ts;syhh; ngh; brhy;nthk; gpzp eP';fp; thH;nthk; tsh;nthk;/ czt[: ruhrhp 2400 fnyhhp btg;gk; xU ehisf;F xU kdpjDf;Fj; njitg;gLtjhf tp";"hdk; TWfpd;wJ/ ehk; czt[ cz;Qqfpd;nwhk;/ ek; clypYs;s cWg;g[fs; me;j czit $Puzpj;J mjpypUe;J rf;jpia vLj;Jf; bfhz;L rf;ifia btspnaw;Wfpd;wd/ g{kpapy; gpwe;jJ Kjy; ,wf;fpd;w tiu ,e;j clYf;F czt[ mtrpak; njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ ehk; ve;j ntiy bra;jhYk; me;j ntiyf;F Vw;g ek; clypYs;s rf;jp brytHpfpd;wJ/ me;j ,Hg;ig cs;ntf;fhL/ g[lepahak;nghy;/ ,J njfj;ijr; rPf;fpuk; ec;&lk; gz;Qqk;/ btFsp vd;gJ kPir Joj;jy;. fz; rptj;jy;. if Kjypa cWg;g[f;fs;; Joj;jy;. tha; FHwp nky;tpGe;J Tt[jy; Kjypad/ ,J Ma[is ec;&lk; gz;Qqk;/ Mifahy; vt;tifapDk; nfhgj;jpd; g{h;nthj;jukhfpa rpdk; btFsp vDk; Tw;iw xHpj;jy; mtrpak;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 371) ,e;jj; jPa Fz';fs; kdpj clypy; uj;j mGj;j neha; Vw;glf; fhuzkhfpd;wd/ ,e;j neha; Vw;gl;lhy; fz; ghh;it ,Hg;g[. if fhy;fs; brayw;Wg; nghjy;. ghhpr tha[ mfhy kuzj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; khuilg;g[ nghd;w ga';fu tpist[fs; Vw;gLk;/ fs;. fhkk;. bfhiy. fst[. bgha; ,t;ite;Jk; bfhoa Jf;fj;ij cz;L gz;Qqk;/ ,t;ite;jpYk; bfhiy tpnrc& ghtk;/ vdpDk; fs; cz;ltDf;Ff; fhkk; cz;lhfhkypuhJ/ bfhiy bra;aj; Jzpt[ tuhkypuhJ/ fst[ bra;ahkypuhd;/ bgha; ngr m";rhd;/ Mifahy; ,e;j Ie;ija[k; xHpf;f ntz;oaJ mtrpak;/ ,jpy; xd;wpid mile;jtd; MdhYk; mtid kw;wit bjhluhkypuh/ (ciueil gf;fk; 397)

23

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

jPa Fz';fis xHpj;J ew;Fz'; fisf; filg;gpof;f ntz;Lk;/ ehk; filg; gpof;f ntz;oa ew;Fz';fs; midj;jpida[k; xGf;f';fshf tiuaiw bra;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/

xGf;fk; cyfj;jpdplj;nj bgWjw;F kpft[k; mUikahfpa kdpj njfj;ijg; bgw;w ez;gh;fs; midtUk; ehKk; mwpa ntz;LtJk; xGf ntz;LtJk; ahbjdpy; :@Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; mUk; g[Uc&hh;j;j';fspd; bgUk; gad;fshfpa vf;fhyj;Jk; ehrk; milahj Rj;jk; my;yJ Rth;z njfk;. gpuzt njfk;. "hd njfk; vd;Dk; rhfhf; fyhDgt brhU:g rpj;jpj; njf';fSk;. jd; Rje;juj;jhy; jj;Jt';fs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; elj;Jfpd;w jdpg; bgU ty;ygKk;. flt[s; xUtnu vd;W mwpfpd;w cz;ik "hdKk;. fUk rpj;jp. nahf rpj;jp. "hd rpj;jp Kjypa vy;yhr; rpj;jpfSk; bgWfpd;w mUl;ngWk; bgw;W thH;fpd;w nghpd;g rpj;jpg; bgU thH;it miltjw;fhd Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj; jdpg; bgU bewpiag; gw;Wtjw;Fhpa cz;ik xGf;f';fspy; ehk; vy;ytUk; jdpj;jdp xGf

24

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ntz;oaJ mtrpakhfypd; mt;bthGf;f';fs; ,itbad czu ntz;LtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/

rd;khh;f;fg; bgUbewpapd; xGf;f';fs;: 1/ ,e;jphpa xGf;fk; 2/ fuz xGf;fk; 3/ $Pt xGf;fk; 4/ Md;k xGf;fk; ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;: i) "hnde;jphpa xGf;fk; : 1/ ehj Kjypa njhj;jpu';fis cw;Wf; nfl;ly; ? kw;wit nfshjpUj;jy;/ bfhL";brhy; Kjypait brtp g[fhky; epw;wy;/ 2/ mRj;j';fisj; jPz;lhjpUj;jy; 3/ bfhL:ukhfg; ghuhjpUj;jy; 4/ Urpapd; kPJ tpUg;gkpd;wp ,Uj;jy; 5/ Rfe;jk; tpUk;ghjpUj;jy; ii) fUnke;jphpa xGf;fk; : 1/ ,dpa thh;j;ijahLjy; 2/ bgha; brhy;yhjpUj;jy; 3/ $Pt,k;i! nehpL';fhy; vt;tpjj; je;jpuj;jhyhtJ jil bra;jy; 4/ bghpnahhplj;jpy; bry;Yjy; vd;why; rhJf;fsplk; ghpr;rak; gz;Qqjy; 5/ caph;f;F cgfhpf;Fk; epkpj;jk; r";rhpj;jy; 6/ caph;f;F cgfhu epkpj;jk; ifahy; cgfhpj;jy; 7/ ky$y cghijfs; mst[ kPwhkYk; fpukk; FiwahkYk; msitg;nghy; je;jpu

25

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

Xc&jpfshYk;. Mfhug; gf;Ftj;jhYk;. gf;Ftj;jhYk; bra;tpj;jy;/

gt[jpfg;

fuz xGf;fk;: 1/ rpw;rigapd;fz; kdijr; brYj;JtJ/ jtpu kw;bwe;j tif Mghrj;jpYk; brYj;jhky; ,Gj;J nkw;Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; epWj;jy;/ 2/ gpwh; Fw;wk; tprhhpahjpUj;jy; 3/ jd;id kjpahjpUj;jy; 4/ braw;iff; Fz';fshy; cz;lhfpa bfLjpfis ePf;fp ,aw;ifahfpa rj;Jt kakhapUj;jy; 5/ gpwh; nky; nfhgpahjpUj;jy; 6/ jdJ rj;JUf;fshfpa jj;Jt';fis nfhgpj;jy; 7/ mf;fpuk mjpf;fpukg; g[zh;r;rp bra;ah jpUj;jy; $Pt xGf;fk; : vy;yh kdpjhplj;Jk; $hjp. rkak;. Fyk;. nfhj;jpuk;. N:j;jpuk;. rhj;jpuk;. njrk;. khh;f;fk;. cah;t[. jhH;t[. Kjypa ngjkw;Wj; jhdhf epw;wy;/ Md;k xGf;fk; : vz;gj;J ehd;F E}whapuk; nahdp ngj';fsplj;Jk; cs;s Md;khf;fsplj;Jk; ,u';fp Md;khnt rigahft[k;. mjd; cs;bshspna gjpahft[k; fz;L fye;J g{uzkhf epw;wy;/ ,e;j ehd;F xGf;f';fs; jtpu nkYk; iff;bfhs;s ntz;oait/ 1/ ,le;jdpj;jpUj;jy; 2/ ,r;irapd;wp; Efh;jy; 3/ bja;tk; guhty; 4/ gpwt[aph;f;fpu';fy;

26

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

5/ 6/ 7/ 8/

bgU';Fzk; gw;wy; ghog; gzpjy; gf;jp bra;jpUj;jy; bghd; tpc&a ,r;ir. bgz; tpc&a ,r;ir. kz; tpc&a ,r;ir Kjypa vt;tpc&a ,r;irfspYk; ekJ mwpit Xh; mQqj; Jiza[k; gw;Wtpf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;/ 9/ ey;ywpt[ 10/ flt[s; gf;jp 11/ caphpuf;fk; 12/ bghJ nehf;fk; 13/ jphpfuz mlf;fk; 14/ cz;ik ciuj;jy; 15/ ,d; brhy;yhly; 16/ caph;f;Fgfhpj;jy; ,t;tsita[k; rd;khh;f;f r';fk; rhh;e;jhh; bfhs;s ntz;oa xGf;f';fshf ek; bgUkhdhh; tiuaiw bra;fpd;whh;/ Md;khf;fs; gpwtp vLf;Fk; Kd;dnkna gf;Ftk;. gf;Fth gf;Ftk;. mgf;Ftk; vd K:d;W tpjkhf mUl; rf;jpahy; gphpf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld/ kdpjhpYk; ,t;thW K:d;W tif cz;L/ mgf;Fth;fs; :

gf;Fth gf;Fth;

:

,uf;fkw;w muf;f Fzk; gilj;jth;fs; nkhf khe;jUk; Mth;/ eLj;ju kdpjh; kdjpny jPa vz;z';fs; vGe; jhYk; g[wj;nj ey;ytuhf ,Uf;fnt tpUk;g[gth;/

27

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

gf;Ft Md;khf;fisj; jpUj;j mtrpakpy;iy/ mgf;Ft Md;khf;fisj; KoahJ/

ntz;oa jpUj;jnt

,J ey;yJ. ,J bfl;lJ vd;W czh;e;J bfhz;L ey;ytuhfg; gpwh; vz;Qqk;go elf;f Kaw;rpg;gth;fns gf;Fth gf;Ftpfs;/ mjhtJ eLj;ju kdpjh;/ ,e;j eLj;ju kdpjh;fisj; jpUj;jnt jhd; te;jjhf ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j cyfuidtiua[k; rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;J miltpj;jpl mtUk; ,fj;nj guj;ijg; bgw;W kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vidape;j a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; mUisg; bgw;nwnd/ ts;syhh; gf;jpia kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; fhl;oa mUshsh; my;y/ kdpjh;fs; Kjypy; xGf;fkhf thH ntz;Lk; vd;W xGf;f';fis tiuaWj;jhh;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;Fr; bry;y rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;ila[k; fPH;g; gofshf vLj;Jf; fhl;odhh;/ mjhtJ rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;ila[k; fle;nj Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk; mila Koa[k;/ rka rd;khh;f;fk; rka rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ rj;Jt Fz rk;ge;jk; cilaJ/ me;jr; rj;Jt Fz ,ay;g[ vd;dbtdpy; : 1/ bfhy;yhik. 2/ bghWik.

28

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

3/ rhe;jk;. 4/ mlf;fk;. 5/ ,e;jphpa epf;fpufk;. 6/ Md;k ,aw;iff; Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;ak; MFk;/ ,e;j MW Fz';fis thr;rpahDgtkhfg; bgw;Wr; brhU:ghDgtkhtnj rka rd;khh;f;fk;/ kj rd;khh;f;fk;: mLj;jjhf cs;s kj rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ eph;f;Fz yl;rpa KilaJ vd;ghh;/ ntz;Ljy; ntz;lhik ? V';fy; rypg;g[ ? cwt[ gif tpUg;g[ ? btWg;g[ Mfpa vjida[k; jd; mfj;nj bfhs;shJ rkkhfg; ghtpj;jy;/ jha[khd Rthkpfs; nghd;nwhh; ,e;epiy mile;jth;fs; vd;W ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;: ,jw;F mLj;j epiyjhd; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;/ ,ij rhjfk; rhj;jpak; vd;W ,uz;L gphpthfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ eph;f;Fz epiy mile;jth;fs; rhjidia nkw;bfhz;lhy; gyd; clnd fpilf;Fk;/ rhjid Kjph;e;J rhj;jpauhdhy; mth;fs; nfl;ly;. rpe;jpj;jy;. bjspjy;. epc;&il Tly; Mfpa ehd;ifa[k; fle;J MU:luhf epw;ghh;fs; vd;fpwhh;/ ,th;fns Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rfepiya[k;. kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;ita[k; bgw;w Rj;j rd;khh;f;fpfs; Mth;/ ,Jtiu Twpte;j bkhj;j fUj;J ,Jjhd;/ xt;bthU jdp kdpjDk; ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk;. $Pt xGf;fk;. Md;k xGf;fk;. $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; Mfpa Ie;jpida[k; cz;ikahd mjp jPtpu Kaw;rpnahL Vw;Wf; bfhz;L filg;gpof;f ntz;Lk;/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpd; Kd;ndhoahd rka rd;khh;f;fk;. kj rd;khh;f;fk; Mfpa ,uz;oYk; vLj;Jf; fhl;oa[s;s rj;Jt eph;f;Fz yl;rpa';fis cz;ikahff; iff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;// epj;jpa xGf;fk;:

29

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ehk; J}';fpbaGe;J ky$yk; fHpg;gJ Kjy; ,ut[ gLf;Fk; tiu vd;bdd;d bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;gij neuk; fhyk; Fwpg;gpl;L tiuaiw bra;Js;shh;/ gy; nja;j;jt[ld; jh;$dp tpuypy; fhprhiyj; J}s; bfhz;L mz;zhf;fpy; nja;j;jhy; gpj;jePh;. fgePh; btspahfpf; fz;bzhsp tpnrcp&f;Fk; vd;gJld; KfKk; trPfukhFk; vd;fpwhh;/ Fof;Fk; ePh:; Rf;ifr; Rz;zhk;g[ jltpr; Rl;L njhiyr; Ruz;o J}s; bra;J itj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ Ie;J lk;sh; jz;zPh; vLj;Jr; rpwpjst[ me;jj; J}is mjpy;nghl;L K:d;W lk;sh; jz;zPh; Rz;Lk; tiu fha;r;rp kPjk; epw;Fk; ,uz;L lk;sh; jz;zPh;jhd; Fof;f ntz;Lk;/ ,t;thW bra;a Koahtpl;lhy; bte;ePuhtJ Fof;f ntz;Lnk jtpu vf;fhuz'; bfhz;Lk; Fsph;e;j ePiug; gUff; TlhJ/ ,t;thW bte;ePh; gUFtjhy; mk;ik. ilgha;L. k";rs;fhkhiy nghd;w gy neha;fisj; jLf;fyhk;/ Fspg;gJTl ,s";N:Ls;s bte;ePhpy; jhd; Fspf;f ntz;Lnk jtpu Fsph;e;j ePhpy; Fspf;ff; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/ ey;y thH;tpw;F mth; jUk; N:l;Rkk; ,Jnt Mfhuk; /// 1-2 Jf;fk; /// 1-8 ikJdk; /// 1-16 gak; /// 0 Mnuhf;akhd thH;tpw;F ,t;tst[ vspa tHp Kiwfis ts;syhh; nghjpj;Js;shh;/ fhkk; vd;gJ Mirapd; bgUf;fkhFk;/ Mztk; khia fd;kk; Mfpa K:d;iwa[k; Kk;kyk; vd;W TWthh;fs;/ Mztk; vd;gJ ehd;/ mjhtJ Raeyk;/

30

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

khia vd;gJ Mir/ ekf;F Vw;gLk; Mir vJthdhYk; mJ khiana/ cyfpay; Miria mRj;j khia vd;Wk; Md;kPf Miriar; Rj;j khia vd;Wk; Twpa[s;shh;fs;/ vdnt khia vd;gJ Mir/ me;j Miria epiwntw;wpf; bfhs;s ehk; bra;a[k; fhhpank fd;kk;/ me;jf; fd;kk; gpwh;f;Fj; jPik tpistpf;Fkhdhy; ghtk; vd;Wk; jPtpid vd;Wk;. gpwh;f;F ed;ik gaf;Fkhdhy; g[z;zpak; vd;Wk; ey;tpid vd;Wk; TWthh;fs;/ ey;tpid jPtpid vd;git kdpjh;f;F kl;Lnk chpadthFk;/ Vbddpy; Mwwpt[ gilj;j kdpjDf;F kl;Lnk jd; ,r;irg;gor; bray;g[hpa Mz;ltdhy; mw;g Rje;jpuk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/ me;jr; Rje;juj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp kdpjd; bray;gLtjhy; ght g[z;zpak; vd;gd kdpjidr; rhh;fpd;wd/ mjd; gyida[k; kdpjd; mDgtpj;nj Mf ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j mw;g Rje;jukhdJ K:d;W tifg;gLk;/ 1/ njf Rje;juk; 2/ $Pt Rje;juk; 3/ nghf Rje;juk; ,e;j tpidfis ehk; bra;a[k; tiu mjw;Fhpa gyid mDgtpg;gnjhL ,e;j tpidfl;nfw;gnt mLj;j gpwtpa[k; mikfpd;wJ/ mLj;j gpwtp: kdk; thf;F fhak; Mfpa K:d;wpdhYk; tpidfs; Mw;wg;gLfpd;wd/ Kd;ng TwpaJ nghy tpidfs; ghtk; g[z;zpak; vd;W ,U tifahFk;/ kdjhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; rz;lhsg; gpwtp vLg;ghh;fs;/ thf;fpdhy; ghtk; bra;jth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; kpUf';fshfg; gpwg;gh;/ njfj;jpdhy; ghtk; bra;gth;fs; mLj;j gpwtpapy; kuk; Kjypa rhPuk; vLg;ghh;fs;/

31

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

mjdhy; ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna tpidfisf; fisa ntz;Lk;/ mLj;j gpwtpapy; kdpjuhfnt gpwg;nghk; vd;w cj;juthjk; fpilahJ/ eaj;jhy; cdJ jpUtUis ez;zhf; bfhonad; eha[lk;ig caj;jhd; itnad; koj;jpLntd; koj;jhy; gpd;dh; cyfj;nj taj;jhy; ve;j clk;g[ tUnkh vd;d tUnkh vd;fpd;w gaj;jhy; Inah ,t;t[lk;igr; Rkf;fpd;nwd; vk;gu";Rlnu vd;w ghlypy; jd;idg; gw;wpf; TWtJ nghy ekf;F mwpt[Wj;Jfpd;whh;/ vdnt ehk; bra;fpd;w ey;tpid. jPtpidf; nfw;gnt mLj;j gpwtpa[k; mg;gpwtpapy; thH;f;ifa[k; mika[k;/

gaph;g;g[W fuzg;ghpRfs; gw;gy caph;j;jpus; xd;bwd ciuj;j bka;r;rptnk vd;W mftypYk; ,f;fUj;jpid typa[Wj;J fpd;wdh;/ tpidiaj; jtph;g;gJ vg;go> ve;jr; Rje;juj;ij ehk; gad;gLj; jpdhy; tpid ek;ikr; N:H;fpd;wnjh me;jr; Rje;juj;ij Mz;ltDf;nf mspj;Jtpl;L jw;Rje;juj;ij ,He;J bray;gLnthkhdhy; tpidia ehlhky; thHyhk;/ cjhuzj;jpw;F xU ghly;/ rj;jpak; rj;jpak; mUl;bgU";n$hjpj;

32

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

je;ijanu vidj; jh';Ffpd;wPnu cj;jkkhFk; Ek; jpUr; rK:fj;bjd; cly; bghUs; Mtpia ctg;g[ld;; mspj;njd; ,j;jif cyfpil mitf;Fk; vd; jdf;Fk; VJk; Rje;juk; ,y;iy ,';fpdp ePh; vj;jifahapDk; bra;J bfhs;fpw;gPh; vidg; gs;spbaGg;gp; bka;apd;ge;je;jPnu ehk; ek;Kila Rje;juj;jpy; ekJ kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; ey;yJ bfl;lij ehnk jPh;khdpj;Jf; bfhz;L bray;gLfpnwhk;/ mjdhy; tpidf;F Mshfpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh jd; ,r;irahf vija[k; bra;atpy;iy/ kdk; vd;gJ vy;yhUf;Fk; bghJthd xd;W/ mJ vy;nyhiua[k; kUl;o mjpl;oj;J itj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ/ ts;syhiua[k; mJ tpl;L itf;ftpy;iy/ mJ Ml;LtJnghy; ehk; Mof; bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;/ ts;syhnuh mij mlf;fpdhh; ? Mjhuk; kdbkDnkhh; nga;f; Fu';F klg; gany kw;wth; nghy; vid epidj;J kUl;lhnj fz;lha; ,dKw vd; brhy;tHpna ,Uj;jp vdpy; Rfkha; ,Ue;jpL eP vd; brhy;tHp Vw;wpiy ahdhnyh jpidast[d; mjpfhuk; bry;ybthl;nld; cyf"; rphpf;f cid mlf;fpLntd; jpUtUshy; fzj;nj edtpy; vid mwpahnah ahbud ,';fpUe;jha; "hd rigj; jiytDf;F ey;y gps;is ehnd

33

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ts;syhh; jdJ kdij mlf;fpdhh;/ vy;yh "hdpfSk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;l mj;jid Kaw;rpfSk; kdij mlf;Ftjw;Fj;jhd; vd ehk; czu ntz;Lk;/ ,Jtiu Twp te;j fUj;Jf;fspd; rhuk;: 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/

5/ 6/

xt;bthU kdpjDk; xGf;fkhf thH ntz;Lk; ew;Fz';fspy; Kad;W Kad;W gHf ntz;Lk; Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL ntz;Lk; kdpjDf;F Xh; mw;g Rje;juk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ/ mjdhy;jhd; mtd; ght g[z;zpak; vd;w tpidf;F Mshfpwhd;/ ght g[z;zpa';fl;F Vw;gnt mLj;j gpwtp mikfpwJ/ tpidia ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna jtph;j;jhy; mLj;j gpwtpiaj; jLf;fyhk;/

cwf;fk; ek; thH;tpd; bgUk;gFjp J}f;fj;jpnyna fHpe;J tpLfpd;wJ/ gLj;jJ bjhpa[k; ? vGe;jJ bjhpa[k;/ ,ilapy; neuk; nghdnj bjhpahJ/ Mdhy; Rfkhfj; J}';fpndd; vd;fpnwhk;/ J}';Fk;nghJ ve;jr; Rfj;ija[k; mDgtpj;jjpy;iy/ Rfkhd J}f;fk; vd;w brhy; tHf;fj;jpy; kl;Lnk cs;sJ/ xt;bthUtUk; jpdk; MW my;yJ VG kzp neuk; J}';f ntz;Lk;

34

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vd;W kUj;Jth;fs; TWfpd;wdh;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; nghd;w "hdpfnsh J}f;fj;ij xHpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W TWfpd;whh;fs;/ clk;gpd; fisg;ig. nrhh;itg; nghf;f cwf;fk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ/ J}';fp; vGe;jt[ld; ekJ cly; g[jpa cw;rhfj;Jld; ,a';Ffpd;wJ/ J}f;fk; ,y;iynay; kW ehs; ve;j ntiya[k; bra;a Koatpy;iy/ clypYk; ey;y typ Vw;gLfpd;wJ/ ,J xt;bthUtUila cz;ik mDgtk;/ vdnt J}f;fk; kdpjDf;F kpft[k; mtrpakhfpd;wJ/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; TWtJ vd;d bjhpa[kh> @J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R tpUj;jpahFk;/ xUtd; xU ehisf;F ,uz;liu ehHpif (xU kzp neuk;) J}';fg; gHf;fk; bra;thdhdhy; mtd; Mapuk; tUlk; $Ptpj;jpUg;ghd;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 411) J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R tpUj;jpahFk; vd;fpwhnu mJ gw;wpr; rpwpJ Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/ xt;bthU kdpjDk; xU ehisf;Fr; ruhrhp 21.600 Kiw Rthrpf;fpwhd;/ xU bgz;zplk; ,Uf;Fk; gpUjptp. mg;g[. nja[. ,akhdd; vDk; tha[ Mfpa ehd;F jhJf;fSk; Xh; MzplKs;s Mfhak; Md;k czh;r;rp. gpufpUjp Mfpa K:d;Wk; To xUkpj;Jr; Rf;fpy Rnuhzpj rk;ge;jg;gl;Lg; gpz;lkhfpwJ/ (ciueil gf;fk; 361) xt;bthU Kiw Rthrpf;Fk;nghJk; 12 m';Fyk; gpuhztha[ cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gLfpwJ/ kPz;Lk; btspna tpLk;nghJ tyJ ehrpj; Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna tpl;lhy; cs;ns ,Gf;fg;gl;l mnj 12 m';Fyf; fhw;W btspna tUfpd;wjhk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,lJ ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahf K:r;ir btspna tpl;lhy; 16 m';Fyk; fhw;W btspna js;sg;gLfpd;wjhk;/ cs;ns ,Gj;jJ 12 m';Fyk;jhnd btspna 16 m';Fyk; vg;go tu Koa[k;/ kdpj clk;g[ cUthdnghJ nrh;f;fg;gl;l ,akhdd; vd;Dk; tha[jhd; TLjyhd 4

35

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

m';Fyf; fhw;W/ ,t;thW xt;bthU Kiwa[k; 4 m';Fyk; ,akhdd; btspnawpdhy; Kothf kuzk; rk;gtpf;Fk;/ vdnt jhd; "hdpfs; vg;nghJk; tyJ ehrpj;Jthuk; tHpahfnt Rthrpf;fpd;w gapw;rpapy; epr;rak; elf;Fk;/ mth;fs; ,iwtd; kPJ gf;jp vt;thW brYj;jpdhh;fnsh mt;thW ehKk; gf;jp brYj;jpdhy; elf;Fk;/ ahiu ehk; bja;tkhf tz';F fpd;nwhnkh me;jj; bja;tj;jplk; ekJ cly; bghUs; Mtp K:d;iwa[k; mh;g;gzpj;J tpl;Lr; ruzhfjp mile;jhy; ekf;F ve;jf; Fiwa[k; tuhJ/ thahu thH;j;Jfpd;nwhh; kdj;jkh;e;j bja;tk; vd;W ts;syhh; ghLthh;/ thahu thH;j;Jnthk;/ jpdKk; fhiyapy; Fspj;J Koj;jt[ld; xU gj;J epkplk; ,iwtid thahug; ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/ ,Ugj;J ehd;F kzp neuj;jpy; xU gj;J epkplk; jhd;/ ve;jg; ghl;L ghodhy; ekJ kdk; befpGnkh me;jg; ghl;il thahug; ghl ntz;Lk;/ mg;gog; ghoj; Jjpj;jhy; vd;w ed;ik fpilf;Fk;/ jpdk; bra;a[k; ghuhazj;jhYk; md;d tpuaj;jhYk; ehk; mwpahJ bra;a[k; ght';fs; eP';Fk; jpdKk; gf;jpnahL ghoj; Jjpg;nghk;/ gHtpid mWg;nghk;/ gf;jpf;F Xh; cjhuzk;/ fhuzg;gl;L fe;jrhkp vd;gth; bgUkhdplk; kpFe;j fhl;oYs;s re;jd ku';fisbay;yhk; miuj;Jr; re;jdhgpnc&fk; bra;jhYk; thd; mstpw;F khkyh; ,l;L ,iwtDf;F mh;r;rid bra;jhYk; khkprk; czthff; bfhz;lhy; ,iwtdJ. jpUtoia vg;go mila Koa[k; vd;W nfl;fpwhh;/

54

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

fhDW nfho fofkH; re;jdk; thDW khkyhpl;L tz';fpDk; Cdpid ePf;fp cz;gth;f;fy;yJ njdkh; g{';fHy; nru xz;zhnj (jpUke;jpuk;) mWgj;J K:d;W ehad;khh;fSs; jpUts;StUk; xUth;/ mth; vGjpa jpUf;Fwspy; bfhy;yhik vd;W Xh; mjpfhunk vGjpapUf;fpwhh;/ clk;igg; bgUf;f Cdpid cz;lhy; mUs; v';fpUe;J tUk; vd;W mth; tpdt[fpwhh;/ ,ijbay;yhk; goj;Jk; mwpe;Jk; irth;fs; khkprk; cz;zyhkh> _kd; ehuhazd; kr;rhtjhuk; (kPd;) Th;khtjhuk; (Mik) tuhftjhuk; (gd;wp) Kjypa mtjhu';fs; vLj;jhd; vd;W itzth;fs; mtidg; nghw;Wfpd;whh;fs;/ fz;zdhf mtd; mtjhpj;jnghJ khL fd;Wfisg;ghtpj;Jf; nfhghyd; vd;W bgah; bgw;whd;/ g[ul;lhrp khjk; xU khjk; kl;Lk; rpy itzth;fs; khkprk; cz;gjpy;iy/ kw;w khj';fspy; cz;zyhkh> kPid. gd;wpia. Mikiag; ghh;f;Fk; nghbjy;yhk; _kd; ehuhazidg; ghh;g;gJ nghyy;yth ghh;f;f ntz;Lk;/ itzth;fSk; khkprk; cz;zf; TlhJ/ Vd; ve;j kdpjDk; khkprk; cz;zf; TlhJ/ bfhiy ghtk; khkprk; cz;gtidr;rhUk;/ ,uf;fnk kdpjDf;F chpaJ/ Xh; caph; Jog;gij. Jd;gg;gLtij czUk; mwpt[ kdpj ,dj;jpw;F kl;Lnk cz;L/ Vd; me;j mwpit kdpjDf;F kl;Lk; ,iwtd; mspj;jhd;/ me;j Mz;ltd; kdpjdplk; vd;d vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;> ,uf;fk; xd;iwj;jhd; Mz;ltd; kdpjdplk; vjph;ghh;f;fpwhd;/ kdpjd; gilf;Fk; nj';fha;. thiHg;gHk; bgh';fy; gpurhjk; Mfpatw;iw Mz;ltd; vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy/ mtd;

55

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vjph;ghh;f;Fk; ,uf;fj;ij kdpjd; Mz;ltDf;F tpnuhjkhf caph;f; tpl;L Mz;ltid tz';fpdhy; mjdhy; jhd; ts;sw; bgUkhd; td;ikahff; fz;of;fpwhh;/

fhl;Lt jpy;iy/ bfhiy bra;J mUs; fpl;lhJ/ g[yhy; cz;gij

jat[ xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk ,iwtdJ mUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ntW xd;wpdhYk; mtd; mUisg; bgw KoahJ vd;fpwhh;/ mtUila thH;tpy; epfH;e;j rpy rk;gt';fs; mtuJ kdjpd; befpH;r;rpia ,uf;fj;ij btspg;gLj;Jk;/ ,uhkyp';fh; rhpahfg; gof;ftpy;iy vd;W mtuJ jikadhh; fz;oj;J tPl;ow;F tu ntz;lhk; vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk; (Ie;J taJ) tPl;il tpl;L btspnawp tpl;lhh;/ mtuJ mz;zpahh; ,uz;L brhl;L fz;zPh; tpl;L mGJ tPl;oy; j';fp tplf; Tlhjh vd;whh;/ FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk;; mz;zpahhpd; fz;zPUf;F ,u';fp tPl;oy; j';fp; tpl;lhh;/ Mfhuk; miu vd;gJ mtuJ bfhs;if/ bgw;w jhahUf;nfh jd; FHe;ij ed;whf tapuhw epiwar; rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/ ,uhkyp';fhpd; jhahUk; mg;goj;jhd;/ jd; FHe;ij ,uhkyp';fk; epiwar; rhg;gpl tpy;iyna vd;W mtuJ jhahhpd; kdk; thl;l Kw;wJ/ mijf; fhzr; rfpahky; ,uhkyp';fh; epiwa cz;lhuhk;/ bgw;w jha; Kf thl;lk; ghh;g;gjw;f";rpg; ngUzt[z;ldd; vd;W ghLfpwhh;/ Fiwthfr; rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtUila bfhs;if/ gpwh; Kfk; thlf; TlhJ vd;gJ mtuJ $PtfhUz;ak;/ vJ bghpaJ. $PtfhUz;ak; jhd; bghpaJ/ bfhs;if $PtfhUz;aj;;jpw;Fj; jilaha; ,Uf;ff; TlhJ/ ,uhkyp';fh; ghly;fis vGjpf; bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ mtuJ moath;fs; mtuJ ghf;fis mr;rpl;Lg; g[j;jfkhf;f Mirg; gl;ldh;/ g[fiH tpUk;ghj

56

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ts;syhh; mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjp junt ,y;iy/ gj;jhz;L fhyk; nghuhoa[k; ve;jtpj gyDkpy;iy/ Kothf ,Wf;fk; ,uj;d Kjypahh; ts;syhUf;F xU fojk; vGjpdhh;/ g[j;jfk; mr;rpLtjw;F mDkjpfpl;Lk; tiu xU ntis kl;Lnk rhg;gpLntd; vd;W me;jf; fojj;jpy; vGjpdhh;/ ,ijg; goj;j ts;syhh; clnd mDkjp mspf;fpwhh;/ me;j $Ptd; gl;odp fplg;gjh vd;W tUe;jpdhh;/ mtuJ ,uf;fk; vd;nd! vd;nd! $Ptd;fs; grp. gpzp. jhfk;. ,r;ir. vspik. gak;. bfhiy Mfpa VG Mgj;Jf;fspdhy; Jd;gk; mDgtpg;gijf; fz;l nghjhfpYk; nfl;l nghjhfpYk; clnd tpiue;J brd;W mj;Jd;gj;ij ePf;Ftnj $PtfhUz;ak; vd;W nghjpj;jhh;/ Jwtpfl;Fk; kw;wth;f;Fk; ,ug;nghh;f;Fk; ,y;thH;thd; vd;ghd; Jiz vd;whh; jpUts;Sth;/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; vd;w Jwtp ,jw;F khwhf tlY}hpny 1867k; Mz;L nk khjk; 23k; ehs; jUkr;rhiy xd;iwj; bjhl';fpdhh;/ jUkr;rhiyf;F mof;fy; ehl;L tpHh elj;jpa md;nw kw;bwhU gf;fk; jpwg;g[ tpHht[k; elj;jp md;djhdj;ij bjhl';fpdhh;/ mth; md;W K:l;oa mLg;ghdJ ,d;W tiu ViH kf;fspd; grpahw;Wfpd;wJ/ ,iwtid mila jUknk tHp vd;W czh;j;jnt jUkr;rhiy vd;W bgahpl;lhh;/ Xh; Mizg; bgz;zhf;fp. me;jg; bgz;iz kPz;Lk; Mzhf;fp ,we;j gpzj;jpw;nf caph; bfhLf;Fk; Mw;wy; bgw;w rpj;jd; MdhYk; kdjpny ,uf;fk; ,y;yhky; Xh; capiuf; bfhd;W mjd; khkprj;ij cz;z ntz;Lk; vd;w epidg;g[ ,Ue;jhy; mtid "hdp vdf;Twf; TlhJ vd;fpwhh;/ $PtfhUz;aj;ijg; ngrpf;bfhz;oUe;j nghJ mJ vJ tiu bry;Yk;> ,Uth; rhiyapy; ele;J ngha;f; bfhz;oUe;jdh;/ xUth; fhy;gl;L xU kz;zh';

57

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

fl;o cile;J tpl;lJ/ mjidf; fz;l kw;wth; ka';fp tpGe;J tpl;lhh;/ Vd; ka';fp tpGe;jPh;fs; vd;W nfl;lnghJ c';fs; fhy;gl;L me;j kz;zh';fl;o cUf;Fiye;J tpl;lnj mij vd;dhy; jhs Koatpy;iy vd;whuhk; ka';fp tpGe;jth;/ xU kz;zh';fl;o cile;jjw;nf kaf;fk; tUkhdhy; Xh; caph; Jog;gij vt;thW jhs Koa[k;> ,ija[k; fle;J $PtfhUz;ak; bry;Yk; vd;whuhk;/ fUizf;F ts;syhh; vd;W rhjhuz kf;fSk; ghuhl;Lk; bgUik bgw;W ,uf;fnk totha; ts;syhh; ,Ue;jhh;/ ,uf;fk; xUtpy; (kiwe;jhy;) vd; capUk; xUt[k; vd;whh; ts;syhh;/ ehk; $PtfhUz;aj;ij nkw;bfhs;nthk;/ jat[ld; thH;nthk; vy;yh caph;fisa[k; nerpg;nghk;/ ahh; kdJk; g[z;glhjthW elg;nghk;/ ehk; gpw caph;fs; kPJ bfhs;Sk; rpwpa jatpdhy; ,iwtdJ bgUe;jathfpa nguUisg; bgw Koa[k;/ ,iwtd; mUis ntW ve;j tHpahYk; bgw KoahJ/ ,uf;fk; xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk bgw Koa[k;/

rkaj; bja;t';fs; ifyhaj;jpy;rptbgUkhd; ,Ug;gjhft[k; itFe;jj;jpy; _kd; ehuhazd; ,Ug;gjhft[k; irtKk; itztKk; Twp tUfpd;wd/ irt rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fspd; g{j cly; kz;zpny rkhjp

58

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

itf;fg;glyhk; my;yJ beUg;gpypl;L jfdk; bra;ag;glyhk;/ vg;go ahapDk; mth;fsJ $PtdhdJ ifyhak; mile;J rptbgUkhDld; If;fpakhfptpLk; vd;fpwhh;fs;/ mnjnghy; itzth;fs; me;jr; rkak; rhh;e;j mUshsh;fs; ,we;j gpwF mth;fsJ $Ptd; itFe;jk; brd;W ehuhazDld; fye;JtpLk; vd;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,jidna ifyha gjtp vd;Wk; itFe;j gjtp vd;Wk; Twp itj;jhh;fs;/ $PtdhdJ (,we;J nghd clypypUe;J gphpe;j gpwF) ,iwtDld; If;fpakhtijna Kf;jp vd;Wk; Twpdhh;fs;/ rpy rhkpahh;fs; j';fs; $Ptdh dJ ,iwtDld; fyg;gjw;F clk;ng jilaha[s;sJ vd;W fUjpj; jh';fns typar; brd;W rkhjpapy; ,w';fpa[k; jiyapy; nj';fha; cilf;fr; bra;Jk; capiu kha;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpe;j capuhdJ nkhl;rj;jpw;nfh. brhh;f;fj;jpw;nfh. eufj;jpw;nfh nghFbkd; gija[k; my;yJ ,iwtDld; If;fpa khfptpLk; vd;gija[k; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; Vw;Wf; bfhs;stpy;iy/ ahuhapUe;jhYk; ,e;jg; gpwg;gpnyna mjhtJ capuhdJ clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpahky; thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;Fk;nghnj ,iwtid mila ntz;LnkbahHpa ,we;j gpwF milant KoahJ/ khwhf ,e;jj; njfj;jpy; thH;e;j fhyj;jpy; bra;j ey;tpid jPtpidf;nfw;g mLj;j gpwtpjhd; vLf;Fk; vdj; jpl;ltl;lkhf mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ ,e;j cz;ikawpahky; thH;e;J khz;L bfhz;oUf;Fk; eLj;ju kf;fisj; jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jpy; mth;fisr; nrh;j;J ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna ,iwtid miltpf;fr; bra;ant jhd; ,iwtdhy; mDg;gg;gl;L te;jjhft[k; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ ,Jtiu njhd;wpa mUshsh;fs; gytpj tot';fspy; gyg;gy bgah;fspy; bja;t';fs;

59

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

,Ug;gjhff; fhl;odh;/ ,e;j cUt'; fbsy;yhk; bgah;fbsy;yhk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna vd;W bfh";r';Tl czuhj ghku kf;fs; ,e;jj; bja;t';fbsy;yhk; cz;ik apnyna ,Ug;gjhfnt vz;zp cz;ik md;g[ld; tHpgl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;/ jtk;; bra;j "hdpfs; gyg;gy mDgt';fis mile;jhh;fs;/ me;j mDgt'; fisbay;yhk; kf;fSf;F mwptpf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w J}a nehf;Fld; mitfis cUt fg;gLj;jpdh;/ mUshsh;fs; bgw;w mDgt'; fisg; gy "hdpfs; gytpjkhf mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;/ kdpj clk;gpy; Vw;gLk; mDgt';fisg; g[wj;nj fhl;odh;/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; ek; kPJs;s bgU';fUizapdhy; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikia ,Jtiu mwptpf;fg;glhj cz;ikfis cyfwpaj; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ g[wj;nj bja;tkhff; fhl;lg;gl;l cUt';fs; ek; clk;gpd; ve;j ghfj;J mDgt';fs; vd;W ts;syhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ 1) kdpj njfj;jpy; nfhrj;jpw;F ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpw;Fnky; ehw; rJukhd xU iga[z;L/ mjpy; nrUk; ,e;jphpank jhkiu vd;W brhy;yg;gLk;/ mjd; kj;jpapy; xU Mtp bghd; tz;zkha; ,Uf;Fk;/ mjd; mjph;c;&lhd njtijna gpukd; vd;W brhy;yg;gLk;/ g[wj;nj gpuk;k nyhfj;jpy;. tpc;&Qqtpd; ehgpapypUe;J tUk; bfhoapd; Edpapy; cs;s jhkiug; g{tpy; gpUk;kh ,Ug;gjhf g[uhzj;jpy; Twg;gl;Ls;sJ/ ,jd; cz;ikia ts;syhh; kdpj clk;gpd; xU ghfkhf vLj;Jf; fhl;oa[s;shh;/ mLj;J ce;jpf;F neuhf cl;ghfj;jpy; rJukha; xU iga[z;L/ me;jg; igapd; nkYs;s ehoapd; kj;jpapy; brk;gpdJ fspk;g[ nghd;W gr;ir nkdpaha; xU rf;jpa[z;L/ mij tpc;&Qqbtd;W brhy;fpwJ/ (ciueil gf;fk; 364)

60

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

,Ujaj;jpy; kyh;e;j thiHg;g{g; nghy xU iga[z;L/ mJ btz;ikahapUf;Fk;/ ,ijf; ifyhak; vd;W brhy;fpwJ/ ,e;jg;; igapy; mf;fpdp kakha; xU MtpapUf;Fk;/ ,jw;Ff; fhuzhf;fpdp vd;W bgah;/ ,t; tf;fpdpiaj;jhd; fhy re;jpu Uj;u K:h;j;jp vd;gJ/ ,e;j mf;fpdpg; igapy; Fz;lyp tl;l euk;g[ xd;W cz;L/ ,e;j euk;gpd; moapy; ,uz;L euk;g[ tyj;jpy; Ie;J ftUilajha[k; ,lj;jpy; MW jiya[ila ftuha[k; epw;fpd;wd/ tyj;jpy; cs;sJ fzgjp vd;Wk; ,lj;jpYs;sJ Rg;ukz;ah; vd;Wk; brhy;YtJ (ciueil gf;fk; 366) ,Ujaj;jpw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fykhd fz;lj;jpy; knfRtuDk;. mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy mz;zhf;fpy; rjhrptKk;. mjw;Fnky; ,uz;liu m';Fy cauj;jpy; g[Utkj;jpapy; tpe;Jt[k;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; ehjKk;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; gutpe;Jt[k;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; guehjKk;. mjw;F nky; ,uz;liu m';Fyj;jpy; jpf;fpuhe;jk;. mjpf;fpuhe;jk;. Jthj rhe;jk; KjyhditfSk; mjPjj;jpy; Rj;j rptKk; cs/ knf!;tu !;jhdk; Kjy; tpe;J !;jhdk; tiuapYk; Kd;nghy; ,lk; eho bjhHpy; tz;zk; Kjypat[Ks;sd/ ehj !;jhdk; bjhl;Lj; Jthj rhe;jk; tiuapy; mDgt btspahfpa Mfhr ngjkakhapUf;Fk;/ mjw;F nky; mjpfhuz khj;jpukha; Md;khDgtj;jpy; tps';Fk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 367) ,e;j mDgtj;ij ,t;thW thpirg; gLj;jyhk;/ Rj;j rptk; Jthj rhe;jk; mjpf;fpuhe;jk; jpf;fpuhe;jk;

mjPjk; mDtj;jpy; tps';Fk;

61

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

guehjk; gutpe;J tpe;J rjhrptd; knfRtud; Uj;ud; tpc;&Qq gpuk;kh

/// g[Utkj;jp /// mz;zhf;F /// fz;lk; /// ,Ujak; /// ehgp /// ehgpf;Ff; fPH;

,e;j mDgt';fs; kdpj clk;gpny Vw;gLfpd;witna MFk;/ ngUgnjrj;jpd;; nghJ ts;syhh; TwpajhtJ. @,jw;F nkw;gl ehk; ehKk; Kd; ghh;j;Jk; nfl;Lk; yl;rpak; itj;Jf; bfhz;oUe;j ntjk;. Mfkk;. g[uhzk;. ,jpfhrk; Kjypa fiyfs; vjdpYk; yl;rpak; itf;f ntz;lhk;/ Vbdd;why; mitfs; xd;wpyhtJ FG:cf;Fwpad;wpj; bja;tj;ij ,d;dgo vd;Wk;. bja;tj; jpDila cz;ik ,d;dbjd;Wk;. bfh";rnkDk; g[w';ftpar; brhy;yhky;. kz;izg; nghl;L kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;/ mQqkhj;jpu nkDk; bjhptpf;fhky; gpz;l yl;rzj;ij mz;lj;jpy; fhl;odhh;fs;/ ahbjdpy; ifyhrgjp vd;Wk;. itFz;lgjp vd;Wk;. rj;jpa nyhfhjpgjp vd;Wk; bgahpl;L. ,lk;. thfdk;. Ma[jk;. totk;. U:gk; Kjypaita[k; xU kDc;&aDf;F mikg;gJ nghy; mikj;J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfr; brhy;ypapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ bja;tj;jpw;Ff; if fhy; Kjypad ,Uf;Fkh vd;W nfl;gth;f;Fg; gjpy; brhy;yj; bjhpahJ tpHpf;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,`J cz;ikahf ,Ug;gjhfnt Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; cs;s bghpath;fbsd;W bgahpl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jth;fSk; cz;ikia mwpahJ mg;gona fz;iz K:of; bfhz;L cswpapUf;fpd;whh;fs; (ciueil gf;fk; 466?467)/

62

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

nkw;fz;l thrf';fis Cd;wpf; ftdpj;jhy; xU ngUz;ik tps';Fk;/ mjhtJ gpUk;kh. tpc;&Qq. Uj;ud;. knfRtud;. rjhrptd; Mfpa Ith;fSk; ,e;j clk;gpy;; Vw;gLk; mDgt';fns xHpa g[wj;jpy; Mfhaj;jpny g[uhz';fspy; TwpapUg;gJnghy; cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; my;y vd;gJ/ ,nj nghy vy;yh ,iw tot';fSk; mDgt';fns/ ts;syhUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjpia mDgtkhfnt TWfpd;whh;/ @jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh; mDgtk; Mfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp@ (mfty;) rhjid gw;wp ts;syhh; : mDgt';fis ntW TwpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mjhtJ $hf;fpuj; brhg;dk; RGj;jp mt!;ijfs; Ie;J Jhpak; JhpahjPjk; jpunahj rhe;jkhtJ ahbjdpy; 1/ $Pt rhf;fpuk; 2/ $Pt brhg;gdk; 3/ $Pt RGj;jp 4/ eph;ky rhf;fpuk; 5/ eph;ky brhg;dk; 6/ eph;ky RGj;jp 7/ gu rhf;fpuk; 8/ gu brhg;dk;

63

KiwapYk;

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

9/ gu RGj;jp 10/ FU rhf;fpuk; 11/ FU brhg;gdk; 12/ FU RGj;jp 13/ FU Jhpak; 14/ FU Jhpah jPjk; nkYKs/ Rj;j rpt Rj;j rpt Rj;j rpt Rj;j rpt Rj;j rpt $Pt rhf;fpuhjp

rhf;fpuk; brhg;gdk; RGj;jp Jhpak; Jhpah jPjk;/

Mf

14/

,it

,jw;F

neU';fhy;

ePf;fg;gLk;

,t;tst[ mDgtKk; g{h;tj;jpYs;s mDgtpfshy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l epiyfspy; ,y;iy/ xUthU FU Jhpa ghpae;jk; ntjhfk';fshYk; jj;Jtuhah; Kjypa kfhd;fsDgtj;jhYk; Fwpf;fg;gLk;/ mjw;F nkw;gl;l mDgtk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; rhj;jpak;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 369) ,e;j mDgt';fs; midj;Jk; jtj;jpdhy; kl;Lnk bgwf; Toaitna jtpu ntW tHpfshy; bgw KoahJ/ vdnt jtk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;f mDgtj;jpw;F mtrpak; vd;gJ kWf;ff;Tlhj cz;ikna/ kdij mlf;fp ,iwtid mila ehd;F khh;f;f';fis ek; Kd;ndhh; fhl;odh;/ rhpia. fphpia. nahfk;. "hdk; Mfpa ehd;fpy; rhpia fphpia vd;w ,uz;Lk; g[wtHpghL. nahfk; "hdk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; mf tHpghL/ Koe;j Kot[ "hdk;jhd;/

64

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ "hdj;ij mDc;&of;fpd;w Tl;lk;; vd;W ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ nkYk; rhfhjtnd rd;khh;f;fp vd;gJk; mtuJ thf;F/ fpilj;j ,e;j njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L vf;fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; jilglhj xg;gw;w nghpd;gg; bgUthH;itg; bgw;W thH;jny Md;kyhgk; vd;Wk; jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; mwptpj;jhh;/ fle;j fhy tuyhw;wpd; VLfisg; g[ul;odhy; "hdk; bgWtjw;fhff; fhl;ony brd;W gy Mapuk; ngh; fLe;jtk; nkw;bfhz;L thH;e;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ kidtp. kf;fs;. brhj;J. Rfk; midj;ja[k; Jwe;J tpl;Lf; fhdfk; brd;wpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ Vd; Jwt[ nkw;bfhz;lhh;fs;> Vd; fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;jhh;fs;> ,iwtid milat[k; kuzj;ij bty;yt[k;jhd;/ mile;jhh;fsh> mile;jjhfg; g[uhz';fs; TWfpd;wdnt jtpu rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna/ g[uhz';fs; TWfpd;wd rhpj;jpuk; Twtpy;iyna vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; ahbjdpy;. g[uhzk; vd;gJ tU';fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;F ePjpiag; nghjpg;gjw;fhff; fw;gidahf vGjg;gl;l fij/ rhpj;jpuk; vd;gJ cz;ikahfg; gpwe;J thH;e;j kf;fspd; tuyhW/ cjhuzkhf kJiu kPdhl;rpia kze;j brhf;fehj ghz;oad; jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzj;jpnyjhd; ,lk; bgw;wpUf;fpd;whnu jtpu jkpH; ehl;Lg; ghz;oa kd;dh;fspd; tuyhw;wpny ,lk; bgwtpy;iy/ jpUtpisahlw; g[uhzk; xU fl;Lf; fijna jtpu cz;ik tuyhwy;y/ kdjpny vs;sst[Tlr; re;njfk; ,y;yhky; g[uhz';fl;Fk; tuyhw;Wf;Fk; cs;s ntw;Wikfisg; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ tuyhw;wpy; te;jhy; jhd; cz;ik/ g[uhz';fspy; tUtbjy;yhk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna/ rpj;jpapd; bfhLik jh';fhJ fhdfk; brd;W fLe;jtk; g[hpe;J ehuhazdplk; tuk; bgw;w JUtd;

65

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vd;w mur Fkhud; tl jpirapy; JUt el;rj;jpukhf tps';Ffpd;whd; vd;gJk; trpc;&lh; Kjyhd rg;j hpc&pfs; mtidj; jpdKk; Rw;wp tyk; tUfpd;whh;fs; vd;gJk; fw;gid/ tpRthkpj;jpuh; vd;w Kdpth; jd;Dila jt typikahy; jphpr';F vd;w kd;did njnte;jpud;; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l njtnyhfj;jpw;F clnyhL mDg;gpdhh; vd;gJk;. khdplh; njtnyhfj;jpw;F tUtjh vd;W rpd'; bfhz;l njnte;jpud; jphpr';Fitf; fPnH js;sp tpl;ljhft[k;. jphpr';Ftpd; Tf;Fuiyf; nfl;l tpRthkpj;jpuh; njnte;jpud; kPJ rpd'; bfhz;L. me;jj; jphpr';F kd;did mg;gona me;juj;jpy; epWj;jp m';nfna me;j kd;dDf;fhfg; g[jpabjhU Rth;f;fj;ijna eph;khzpj;jjha[k; ,Jnt jphpr';F brhh;f;fk; vd miHf;fg;gLk; bjd; jpir el;rj;jpuk; vd;Wk; TWtJ g[uhzk; ? fw;gid ? ,it tuyhwy;y/ ,e;jf; fijfs; midj;Jk; btWk; fw;gidjhnd vd;W btWj;J xJf;fp tplyhkh vd;why; m';nfjhd; ts;syhhpd; jdpj;jd;ik gpufhrpf;fpd;wJ/ ntj';fs;;. Mfk';fs;. g[uhz';fs;. ,jpfhr';fs; Kjyhf cs;s fiyfs; mj;jida[k; cz;ikia btspg;gilahf vspjpy; g[hpe;J bfhs;s KoahjthW N:jhf vGjg; gl;litjhd; vd;W TWk; ts;syhh;. mtw;iw mg;gona tpl;L tplhjPh;fs; mjd; cz;ikia mwpe;J bfhs;S';fs; vd;Wk; bewpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/ JUt el;rj;jpuj; jphpr';F Rth;f;f cz;ik: tlf;nf xU el;rj;jpuk; vg;nghJk; m';nfna ,Uf;Fk;/ mjw;Fj; JUt el;rj;jpuk; vd;W bgah;/ mijr; Rw;wp VG el;rj;jpu';fs; jpdk; tyk; te;J bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/ mnjnghy; vg;nghJk; bjd; jpirapy; ehd;F el;rj;jpu';fs; ilkd; totj;jpy;

66

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vg;nghJk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ,it jhd; jphpr';F brhh;f;fk;. ,e;j el;rj;jpu';fs; ,Ug;gJ cz;ik/ Mdhy; mtw;iwg; gw;wp; vGjg;gl;l fij kl;Lnk fw;gid ? bgha;/ Md;kPfj; Jiwapy; vijg; goj;jhYk; me;j thh;j;ijfisnah. brhw;fisnah mg;gona vLj;Jf; bfhs;shky; ahh; brhd;dJ ? ahhplk; brhd;dJ ? Vd; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ? ve;jr; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; brhy;yg;gl;lJ ? vd;gij Ma;t[ bra;nj Kot[ bra;a ntz;Lk;/ xU igad; fha;fwp th';fp tuf; filf;Fg; nghdhd;/ fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;W mtDila jha; Twpdhs;/ igad; filf;nf nghfhky; epd;W tpl;lhd;/ igaidg; ghh;j;J Vz;lh filf;Fg; nghftpy;iyah vd;W jfg;gdhh; nfl;lhh;/ filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;W mk;kh brhd;dhns fhjpy; tpHtpy;iyah vd;W igad; gjpy; brhd;dhd;/ fhrpy;yhky; filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;why; fhR vLj;Jf; bfhz;L filf;Fg; ngh vd;gJ jhnd bghUs;> filf;Fg; nghfhnj vd;w brhy;iy kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L filf;Fg; nghf khl;nld; vd;gJ rhpah> mJnghy $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; vd;w jdJ ciueilapy; Kjw; gFjpapy; ts;syhh; TWtJ ,Jjhd;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fj;ij cilath; fshfp mUe;jy;. bghUe;jy; Kjypa gpug";r nghf';fis mDgtpf;fpd;w rKrhhpfs; vy;yhk; rh;t rf;jpa[ila flt[sUSf;F KGJk; ghj;jpuk; Mthh;fs;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fkpy;yhky; "hdk;. nahfk;. jtk;. tpujk;. b$gk;. jpahdk; Kjypaitfisr; bra;fpd;w th;fs; flt[sUSf;Fr; rpwpJk; ghj;jpuk; Mfhh;fs;/ mth;fis Md;k tpsf;fk; cs;sth;fshft[k; epidf;fg;glhJ/$PtfhUz;a kpy;yhJ bra;ag;gLfpd;w

67

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

bra;iffs; vy;yhk; gpunah$dk; ,y;yhj khah$hyr; bra;if fnsahFbkd;W mwpa ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 127) $PtfhUz;aj;ija[ila rKrhhpfl;nf mUs; fpl;Lk; vd;why; $PtfhUz;aKila "hdpfl;Fk;. jtk; bra;nthh;f;Fk; mUs; fpl;lhkyh ngha; tpLk;/ $PtfhUz;a xGf;fk; cilath;fs; kl;Lnk jpahdk; jtk; Kjypait bra;ayhk; vd;gJk; $PtfhUz;ak; ,y;yhky; jpahdk; jtk; bra;nthh; kf;fis kaf;fnt mt;thW bra;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJk; ts;syhh; fUj;J/ ,Jnt cz;ik/ $PtfhUz;aj;Jld; jpahdk; jtk; ntz;Lk; vd;gnj ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jUk; Kot[/ nkYk; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/ $PtfhUz;aj;jhy; gpukd; Ma[Rk;. ghr ituhf;fpaj;jhy; tpl;LQqtpDila Ma[Rk;. jtj;jhy; cz;lhFk; btg;gj;jpdhy; Rl ntz;Lk;/ ,';nf ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; nghw;wpa jpUf;Fwis xnu xU rhd;whf vLj;Jf; bfhs;syhkh> Rlr; Rl xspUk; bghd; nghy; jtk; Rlr; Rl nehf;fpw; gth;f;F/ (Fws;)

68

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

jtk; bra;jhy; cc;&zk; cz;lhFk; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;> @ekJ Md;khitj; bjhpabthl;lhky; K:oapUf;fpd;w gr;irj; jpiuahfpa uhfhjpfis tprhu mjp cc;&zj;jhyy;yhJ kw;w cc;&z';fshy; ePf;f KoahJ/ me;j cc;&zk; nahfpapDila mDgtj;jpy; bjhpa[k;/ mij kDc;&a juj;jpy; cz;L gz;Qqtjw;Fj; bjhpahJ/ me;j tprhuj;ij tpl Mz;ltiu !;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk; bja;tj;ij epidf;fpd;wjpYk; mjpf cc;&zk; cz;lhFk;/ nahfpfs; tdk; kiy KiH Kjypatw;wpw;Fg; ngha; E}W. Mapuk; Kjypa tUc& fhyk; jt";bra;J. ,t; cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;fpd;whh;fs;/ ,g;goj; jt";bra;J cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;Sfpwijg; ghh;f;fpYk; bja;tj;ij !;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;. epidf;fpd;w jpYk; ,ijtplf; nfhog; g';F. gj;J nfhog; g';F mjpfkhf cc;&zk; cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;syhk;@ (ciueil gf;fk; 464) jtk; bra;a ntz;Lkh ? njhj;jpunk nghJnk vd;W fUjyhk;/ jtk; ntz;lhk; vd;why; mtnu bra;jpUf;f khl;lhnu/ vy;yhtw;iwa[k; tplr; rhpia. fphpia Mfpa ,uz;odhy; tUk; Kothd gyd; kdk; Rj;jkhFk; vd;Wk;. nahfj;jpdhy; ghrk; mWk; vd;Wk;. "hdj;jpdhy; tut[ nghf;fw;w epiy.mjhtJ gpwg;g[. ,wg;g[ mw;w epiy TLk; vd;Wk; ek; bgUkhdhh; bjhptpf;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;/ gjp g{ir Kjypa ew;fphpiaahy; kdk; vDk; gR fuzk; kdpj clk;gpy; bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa Ie;Jk; ,e;jphpa';fs; MFk;/ bjhLk; czh;t[. Rit czh;t[. ghh;it. thrid. nfs;tp Mfpa Ie;J

74

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

czh;t[fs; ,it K:yk; ekf;F vg;nghJk; fpilj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpd;wd/ ,it g[wj;jpy; bray;gl;L tUfpd;wd/ mfj;jpny kdk;. g[j;jp. rpj;jk;. mf';fhuk; vd;fpd;w me;jf; fuz';fs;; ,a';Ffpd;wd/ mit K:yk; rpe;jpj;jy;. tprhhpj;jy; epr;rapj;jy;. bray;gLjy; Mfpa bray;ghLfs; epfH;j; jg;gLfpd;wd/ jtk; bra;a Kaw;rpg;gth;fs; Kjypy; ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;ghLfis epWj;j ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray; ghLfs; epd;W tpl;lhYk; fuz';fspd; bray;ghLfs; epfH;e;J bfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;Fk;/ mLj;j Kaw;rpahff; fuz';fspd; bray;ghLfisa[k; epWj;j Kaw;rpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa';fs; fuz';fs; Mfpa midj;jpd; bray;ghLfSk; epd;W tpl;lhy; mJnt Rk;kh ,Ug;gJ/ ,e;jphpa';fspd; bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp ? fuz';fspd; bray;ghlw;w epiy xU btsp/ ,e;jphpa btsp fle;J cs;spUf;Fk; fuzbtspiaf; flg;gijj;jhd; btspf;Fs; btspfle;J vd;Wk; me;j epiyapy; njhd;Wk; Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk; ,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw;bwd;W tUnkh vd;Wk; V';fpdhh;/ Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfj;ij milant vy;yh "hdpfSk; mUk;ghLgl;ldh;/ ve;j tHpapy; brd;why; me;jr; Rfk; vspjpy; fpilf;Fk; vd;W gyntW Kiwfspy; rpe;jpj;jhh;fs;/ mjd; gadhfnt gyntW rhjidfs; njhd;wpd/ rhjdh rfhak;: "hdpfs; kdpj clk;gpny K:yhjhuk;. Rthjpc;&lhdk;. kzpg{ufk;. mehfjk;. tpRj;jp. Mf;"h vd;W MW Mjhu';fs; ,Ug;gjhff; fz;lhh;fs;/ gpukr;rhpa tpujk; iff;bfhz;L Rf;fpyj;ij tPzhf;fhky; nrkpj;J K:r;Rg; gapw;rpapdhy;. K:yhjhuj;jpy; K:z;blGk; fdiy vGg;gp xt;bthU Mjhukhff; flj;jp Kothf Mf;"h vDk;

75

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

g[Utkj;jpf;F me;jf; fdiyf; bfhzh;e;J m';nf cs;s fjitj; jpwe;J nky; mDgtj;ijg; bgw ntz;Lk;/ ,jw;fhf xU FUthdth; vt;thW cl;fhh;e;J vt;thW gapw;rp bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W cgnjrk; bra;thh;/ me;jf; fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;LlDk; xGf;fj;JlDk; FUgf;jp epiwa cilatuha[k; ,Ue;jdh;/ ,e;jg; gapw;rp xUthW mf;fhyj;jpw;nfw;g ,Ue;jJ/ jw;fhyj;jpy; ehfhPfk; vd;w bgauhy; tPl;ow;F tPL bjhiyf; fhl;rpg; bgl;o (T.V.) nghd;wit te;Jtpl;l epiyapy; fl;Lg;ghL xGf;fk; Kjypad monahL Fiwe;J tpl;ld/ vdnt mk;Kiw jw;fhyj;jpw;F xt;thj xd;whf Mfptpl;lJ/ jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jw;fhyr; N:H;epiyia ed;F mwpe;jtuhjyhy; gapw;rp Kiwia khw;wp ekf;F Vw;g mikf;fpwhh;/ Mf;"h vd;fpw g[Ut kj;jpapy; cs;s fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sf; fdy; njit jhd;/ gpuk;kr;rhpak;. xGf;fk;. FU gf;jp Kjypait mw;Wg; nghd fhykhf ,f;fhyk; tps';Ftjhy; ekJ K:yhjhuj;jpy; K:z;blG fdiy ehnk nknyw;wpf; bfhs;tJ rhj;akpy;iy/ vdnt Mf;"h gPlj;jpd; fjitj; jpwe;J bfhs;sj; njitahd btg;gj;ij ntbwhUthplkpUe;J bgw;Wf; bfhs; vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/ jf;f Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; nghjpj;jjpd; nehf;fk; ,Jnt/ giHa fhyj;J Kiwg;go gapw;rp; bra;jhy; K:yhjhuj;jpd; fdiy xt;nthh; Mjhukhf nknyw;wp Mf;"htpw;Ff; bfhz;Ltu mnef Mz;Lfs; gpof;Fk;/ mt;tst[ ciHg;iga[k; vspjhf;fpj; jf;f Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L clnd jpwe;J bfhs;S';fs;; vd;fpwhh;/ rd;khh;f;fj;jpy; xU rpyh; rpyiu Mrhhpauhff; bfhz;L rhjfk; bra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;/

76

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

fhprhiy mhpaJ: FUtpd; cgnjrk; bgw;W gpuzhahkg; gapw;rpia me;jf; fhyj;jpy; Kiwahfr; bra;J te;jhh;fs;/ ,jDila gyd; ahbjdpy; eho. Rj;jp mjhtJ ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhFk;/ ,e;jf; fhynkh gpuhzhahkk; bra;ag; nghjpa neuk; xJf;f Koahj mtruf; fhykhf cs;sJ/ gpuhzhahkj;jpd; mtrpaj;ija[k; kf;fspd; jw;nghija epiyiaa[k; ed;F czh;e;j ts;sw; bgUe;jif fhprhiyiar; rhg;gpL';fs; vd;fpwhh;/ myl;rpak; bra;ahky; fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd gr;irahfthtJ my;yJ rikay; bra;jhtJ rhg;gpl ntz;Lk;/ mg;gor; rhg;gpl;lhy; ,uj;jk; Rj;jkhtJld; mrf;jKk; eP';Fk; vd;fpwhh;/ nkYk; gpujk cs;Slk;ig ePof;fr; bra;a[khk;/ czt[ $Puzpg;gjw;F Kf;fpa cWg;ghfpa fy;yPuiyg; ghJfhj;J nehaw;w thH;itj; jUk;/ kfhd;fsplj;jpy; brd;W mndf fhyk; fhj;jpUe;jhYk; ,jd; kfpikia btspapl khl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk; Rl;of; fhl;o vt;tpjj;jhyhtJ fhprhiyiaj; jpnd jpnd rhg;gpl ntz;Lk; vd;W nghjpf;fpd;whh;/

77

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

jtk; mjpfhiy 4/30 kzp Kjy; 6 kzp tiu mKjf; fhw;W g{kpapy; tpahgfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; xt;bthUtUk; mtrpak; fhiy 4/30 kzpf;nf vGe;J tpl ntz;Lk;/ vGe;jt[ld; fhiyf; flid Koj;Jf; bfhz;L ek; bgUkhdhh; Twpa[s;sgo gy; nja;j;J Kof;f ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; jdp ,lk; xd;wpy; Rfhrdk; ,l;Lr; brt;itahf cl;fhh;eJ ; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; @m';@ vd;W bksdkhff; Tw ntz;Lk;/ mg;gor; brhy;Yk;nghJ ehf;F ve;j epiyapy; epd;wnjh mt;thnw mirahky; ehit epWj;jp thia kl;Lk; mGj;jkhf ,uhJ rhjhuzkhf cjLld; cjL nrUk;go K:of; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; ,U fz;fSk; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;Fk;gor; bra;J fz;fspd; fhpa kzpfs; ve;j epiyapy; cs;sdnth mtw;iw mnj epiyapy; epWj;jp ,ikfis K:l ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; g[Utkj;jpapy; Mrhdhy; njhw;W tpf;fg;gl;l czh;it kl;Lk; ed;whff; Th;e;J ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,e;j neuj;jpy; ve;j ke;jpuj;ija[k; b$gpf;f ntz;oajpy;iy/ Vbddpy; kdk; bray;gl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glhJ/ me;j czh;it kl;Lk; ftdpj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jhy; ehsiltpy; czh;t[ gyg;gLk;/ ehjk;:

78

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ehjk; xypf;fj; Jt';Fk;/ ehj xyp nfl;lhy; ,iw mDgtk; Vw;glg; nghfpd;wJ vd;W czuyhk;/ ,iwtd; tUfpd;whd; vd;W me;j ehjk; czh;j;Jfpd;wjhk;/ Mjhuk;/ kd;dh; ehjh; mk;gyth; te;jhh; te;jhh; vd;W jpUr;rpd;d ehjk; vd;dpuz;L brtpfspDs; brhy;Yfpd;wnj@ muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd; IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k; KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t kze;jhd; tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf tPjpbayhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg; ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J kfpH;e;nj (5764) tlY}h; ts;sw; bgUkhdhh; jdJ 12tJ tajpy; "hd thH;itj; bjhl';fpdhh;/ 1867y; jUkr;rhiy bjhl';fpa gpwF. mtuJ jtk; me;jr; rhiyapny epiwt[w;wjhf mwptpf; fpd;whh;/ vy;yh xGf;f';fSk; g{uzkhff; iftug; bgw;wth; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ gpwe;j nghnj "hd mwpt[ld; gpwe;jth;/ cznth. cilnah. bghd;ndh. bghUnsh vjd; kPJk; gw;wpy;yhky; ,Ue;J jtk; bra;jjdhy; 32 Mz;Lfspy; Rj;j njfk; bgw;W tpl;lhh;/ Mjhuk; : fhiyapny vd;wdf;nf fpilj;j bgUk; bghUns fspg;ng vd; fUj;jfj;nj fdpe;j eW';fdpna

79

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

nkiyapny ,k;ikapny xUikapny jtj;jhy; nkt[fpd;w bgUk; gadhk; tpisitbayhk; jUkr; rhiyapny xU gfypy; je;jjdpg;gjpna rkur rd;khh;f;fr; r';fj; jiyakh;e;j epjpna khiyapny rpwe;j bkhHp khiyazpe;jhLk; khelj;junr vd; khiya[k; mzpe;J kfpH;e;jUns/ ehj xyp nfl;f Muk;gpj;j gpd; czh;t[ld; ehjj;ija[k; cw;Wf; nfl;f ntz;Lk;/ mt;thW nfl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jhy; me;j ehjkhdJ KuR. r';F. tPiz Kjyhf xypf;Fk;/ mnj neuj;jpy; ,e;jj; J}anjfj;jpypUe;J kyh; kzk; tPRk; vd;fpd;whh; ek; bgUkhdhh;/ (Mjhuk;)

mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky; mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd; MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd; vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ij njhHp vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f btd;why; vd; mstd;wJnt tk;gpirj;nj dd;wo eP vd;dUnf ,Ue;Jd; kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J Kfh;e;jwpfhz; ek;g[W ghh; Kjy; ehj tiua[s ehl;ltUk; ed;F Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed;kzk; ts;sy; vd;w

bgUe;jif mUl;bgU";n$hjp mfty; xd;iw (1596 thpfs; bfhz;lJ)

82

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vGjpa[s;shh;/ mjpny rhfhf; fy;tpapd; juk; ,J vd tpsf;fpa[s;shh;/ thpfs; 1039 Kjy; 1066 tiu) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/

rh!;j;jpu "hdk; (gu "hdk;) mDgt "hdk; (mgu "hdk;) kjp epiy ? utpapd; tsh; mdypd; jpjp epiy fz epiy ? mtw;wpd; epiy gjp epiy ? gR epiy epiy gpuk ufrpak; guk ufrpak; rpt ufrpak; rj;jpay; ? rpj;jpay; mwpgit nfl;git fhz;git bra;git cz;git

epiy

?

?

fU

?

ghr

,tw;iw ed;F mwpe;J tpsf;ff; Toath;fis xUthW FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhs;syhk; (my;yJ) g[j;jp jj;Jtj;jhy; ed;ik jPikia tprhhpj;J ed;ikna cUtha; tps';Fk;/ bghpahiuj; Jiz bfhz;L mtuhy; ,lg;gLk; jpUg;gzpiaf; iff;bfhz;L ,ilawhJ bra;apy; mt;tUisg; bgwyhk; (ciueil gf;fk; 453) ,t;thW njoa[k; xU FUit milayhk;/

83

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

2/ bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhz;ljw;F vd;d milahsk;> bew;wpapd; g[Ut kj;jpapy; vWk;g[ Ch;tJnghy Xh; czh;t[ Vw;gLk;/ me;j czh;itf; ftdpg;gnj jpahd Muk;gk;/ bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhz;ljw;F me;j czh;nt milahskhFk;/

3/

ve;bje;j ntisfspy; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;> fhiy.khiy. kj;jpahdk;. ,ut[. ahkk; itfiw ,e;j MW ntisfspYk; jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/

Mjhuk; kLf;fEk; nguUs; jz; mKJ vdf;nf khiya[k; fhiya[k; kj;jpahdj;Jk; fLf;Fk; ,utpDk; ahkj;Jk; tpoaw; fhiyapYk; je;J vd; fLk;grp jPh;j;J vLf;F ew;whbahLk; ,ize;J epw;fpd;wPh; ,iwatnu ck;ik ,';F fz;ly;yhy; mLf;ftpH; fiy vLj;J cLf;ft[k; khl;nld; mUl;bgU";n$hjpaPh; Miz Ek;kPnj (ghly; vz; 532) 4/

jpahdk; bra;a[k;nghJ ntz;Lk;>

kdjpy;

vij

epidf;f

vija[k; epidf;ff; TlhJ/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; me;j czh;it kl;Lk; ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ ehj xyp nfl;fpd;wjh vd;W kl;Lk; Th;e;J ftdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ jpahdk; bra;a[k; ntisapy; K:r;R tyJ gf;fk; tUk;go tyJ fhiy ,lJ fhypd; nky;

84

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

itj;Jr; Rfhrdj;jpy; ntz;Lk;/ Mjhuk; :

brt;itahf

mku

N:hpa fiy vd;gJ tyJ ehrpapy; Rthrpg;gJ/ re;jpu fiy vd;gJ ,lJ ehrpapy; Rthrpg;gJ/ N:hpa

fiyapy;

jpahdk;

bra;a

ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;/ @My kuj;joapy; N:hpaid tz';f ntz;oaJ vd;gJ vd;bddpy; N:hpa fiyapy; jpahdk; Kjypa bray;fs; bra;a ntz;oaJ gw;wpr; brhd;dJ/@ (ciueil gf;fk; 398 jiyg;g[ 80) vija[k; epidf;fhky; ehjj;ij cw;Wf; nfl;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; : muR tUfpd;w bjd;nw miwfpd;nwd; eP jhd; IaKnwy; cw;Wf;nfs; mirahJ njhHp KuR r';F tPiz Kjy; ehj xyp kpft[k; KH';FtJ jpUnkdp tH';F bja;t kze;jhd; tpur v';Fk; tPRtJ ehrp caph;j;jwpf tPjpvyhk; mUl;n$hjp tps';FtJ fhz;f gurp vjph; bfhs;SJk; ehk; fw;g{u tpsf;Fg; ghpe;bjLj; bjd;Dld; tUf bjhpe;jLj;J kfpH;e;nj (2498) 5/ $gk; jpahdk; jtk; K:d;iwa[k; tpsf;Ff/ FUthdth; cgnjrpf;Fk; ke;jpuj;ijg; gyKiw cr;rhpg;gJ $gk;/ g[wj;nj Xh; cUtj;ij itj;J mjid cs;ns fhz Kaw;rpg;gJ jpahdk;/

85

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

vija[k; epidahky; kdij xU epiyapy; itj;Jr; bray;glhky; ,e;jphpa';fisa[k; fuz';fisa[k; epWj;Jtnj jtk;/ 6/

,e;j tpsf;f';fl;F vd;d Mjhuk;> $gk; : brt;tha;f; fpHik tpuj Kiw ek; bgUkhdhh; vGjpaUspapUf;fpwhh;/ mjpy; mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ @Xk; tapj;jpa eh jha ek vd;W E}w;bwl;L. Mapuj;bjl;L ,uz;oy; ve;j msthtJ brgpj;J ////////@ (ciueil gf;fk; 583) jpahdk; @jpahdk; bra;a ntz;Lkhfpy; VjhtJ Xh; cUtj;ijj; jpahdpf;f ntz;Lk;/ epc;&fskha; ,Uf;fg;glhJ/ cUtkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ mUtkhfj; jpahdpf;fg;glhJ/ gpd; cUt';fiue;J mUtkhFk;/ Jitjkhf ,Ue;jhy; mj;itjk; jhnd MFk;/ vg;go vdpy; ghh;f;Fk; jhd; bfLtJ mj;itjk;/ ghh;f;fg;gLk; bghUSk; bfLtJ mjPjk; rj;jpak;/@ (ciueil gf;fk; 398/ jiyg;g[ 81/ jpahdk;)

jtk; ,d;W tUnkh ehisf;nf tUnkh my;yJ kw; bwd;W tUnkh mwpnad; v';nfhnt Jd;Wky btk;khia aw;W btspf;Fs; btsp fle;J

86

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; Rfk;/ kd; g[Ut eL Kjyh kdk; g[ijj;J beL';fhyk; vd; g[Utha;j; jtk; bra;thh; vy;yhUk; Vkhf;f md;g[Utk; bgw;wjd; gpd; mUSUtk; mile;J gpd;dh; ,d;g[Utk; Mapid eP vHpy; thjt{h; ,iwna/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; kdk; g[ijj;J epw;gnj jtk; vd;gJk; ,e;jphpa';fSk; fuz';fSk; fle;J Rk;kh ,Ug;gnj mjd; Rfk; vd;gJk; tps';Fk;/ 7/ $gk;. jpahdk;. jtk; Mfpa K:d;wpDs; ts;syhh; bra;jJ vd;d> jtk; jhd;/ (Mjhuk;) ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd; ey;yUshy; ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd mHpah totk; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd; ,Hpahky;MLfpd;nwd; ,';F (2247) jhd; jtk; g[hpe;jijg; gyg;gy ghly;fspy; ts;syhh; TWfpd;whh;/ 8/

jtk; bra;nthh; milaf; Toa mDgt';fis thpirg; gLj;jpf; Tw Koa[kh> Kf;fpakhd rpwg;g[ tha;e;j mDgt';fis ts;sw; bgUe;jif vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;/ 1/ g[Ut kj;jpapy; czh;t[ 2/ ehj mDgtk; 3/ fhl;rp mDgtk;

87

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

4/ mKjk; cz;Qqjy; 5/ ,iwtndhL fye;J bty;Yjy;

kuzj;ij

Mjhuk; 1) Rw;wJ kw;wt;tHp khN:jJ vd;W vz;zhj; bjhz;lbuyhk; fw;fpd;whh; gz;Lkpd;W'; fhzhh; vw;w Jk;g[ kzpkd;wpy; ,d;g elk; g[hpa[k; vd;Dila Jiuna ehd; epd;Dila mUshy; fw;wJ epd;dplj;nj gpd; nfl;lJ epd;dplj;nj fz;lJ epd;dplj;nj cl;bfhz;lJ epd;dplj;nj bgw;wJ epd;dplj;nj ,d;g[w;wJ epd;dplj;nj bghpa jtk; g[hpe;njd; vd; bgw;wp mjprank (3044) 2) mwpgit vyhk; mwptpj; bjd;Ds;ns gpwptw tps';Fk; bghpa rw;FUnt nfl;git vyhk; nfl;gpj; bjd;Dns ntl;ifapd; tps';Fk; tpky rw;FUnt fhz;git bayhk; fhl;L tpj;bjdf;nf khz;gjk; mspj;J ta';F rw;FUnt bra;git vyhk; bra; tpj;bjdf;nf ca;git mspj;bjDs; X';F rw;FUnt cz;git vyhk; cz;Qqtpj; bjd;Ds; gz;gpdpy; tps';Fk; guk rw;FUnt (mfty; thp 1055 ? 1064) 9/

ntW mDgt';fs; VnjDk; cz;lh> i) ehj mDgtj;jpy; kzk; tPRk;/ Mjhuk;

88

,e;j

clk;gpypUe;J

kyh;

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

mk;gyj;nj jpUel";bra; mokyh; vd; Konky; mzpe;J bfhz;nld; md;bghLk; vd; MUaph;f;Fk; mzpe;njd; vk;guj;nj kzf;Fk; me;j kyh; kzj;ijj; njhHp vd; ciug;ngd; ciuf;f vd;why; vd;dstd;wJnt tk;gpirj;njd; md;wo eP vd; mUnf ,Ue;Jd; kzp ehrp milg;gjidj; jpwe;J Kfh;e;jwpfhz; ek;g[W ghh;Kjy; ehjtiua[s ehl;ltUk; ed;F Kfh;e;jdh; tpae;jhh; ed; kzk;

bra;a

,lJ ,Uf;Fk;gor;

vg;go

cl;fhh;e;J

fhypd; Rfhrdk;

91

kPJ ,l;L

vt;thW

bra;a

tyJ fhy; mkuntz;Lk;/

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

KJF neuhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;/ ,uz;L fz;fisa[k; g[Utkj;jpia nehf;Fk;go epWj;j ntz;Lk;/ bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu ntz;Lk;/ kdjpy; vija[k; epidahky; g[Ut kj;jpapy;; njhd;Wk; czh;tpy; kl;Lk; ehl;lk; itf;f ntz;Lk;/ 12/ bjw;F nehf;fp vd;d Mjhuk;>

cl;fhu

ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F

jpU mUl;gh ciueilapy; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sJ/ fpHf;F ? jpf;if nehf;fpj; jpahdk; bra;fpd;wJ nghf rpj;jpiag; bgWfpd;wjw;F nkw;F ? brhh;z rpj;jpiag; bgWfpwjw;F bjw;F ? rhfhf;fiyia (epj;jpa njfj;ija[k; "hd rpj;jpiaa[k;) bgWfpwjw;F tlf;F ? rpj;j Rj;jpiag; bgWfpwjw;F bjw;F rhfhf; fiyia epj;jpa njfj;ijj; jUtjhy; bjw;F nehf;fp cl;fhu ntz;Lk;/ (ciueil gf;fk; 349) 13) fz;fs; ,uz;Lk; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;> ,e;jg; ghliyf; ftdpa[';fs; : md;dg; ghh;g;ghy; mHfhk; epiya{nl mk;gyk; bra;J epd;whLk; mHfh; Jd;dg; ghh;j;J vd; caph;j; njhHpa[k; ehDk; N:jhLfpd;w mr;N:Hypy; te;nj cd;idg; ghh;j;Jd;Ds;ns vd;idg; ghuhnj

92

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

Ciug; ghh;j;njho cHy;fpd;w bgz;nz vd;idg; ghh; vd;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh vd;if gpof;fpd;whh; vd;do mk;kh/ (2404) 14/ nkw;Twpa ghlypd; tpsf;fk; vd;d> md;dg; ghh;g;g[ vd;gJ md;dg; gwitf; F";R MFk;/ md;dg; gwitia nehpy; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhYk; glj;jpy; ghh;j;jpUf;fpd;nwhk;/ thj;jpd; cly; nghYk; bfhf;fpd; fGj;jpd; nghYk; ,Uf;Fk;/ ekJ fz;fs; md;dg; gwitapd; clyhf ,Uf;Fk;gog; glk; xd;W tiue;jhy; mJ ,t;thW ,Uf;Fk;

md;dg; gwitapd; mHfhd epiy g[Ut kj;jpiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ/ me;j epiyna mk;gyk; vd;gJ/ m';nf eldk; MLfpd;whdhk; ,iwtd;/ Jd;dg; ghh;j;J vd;why; beU';fpg; ghh;j;J vd;W bghUs;/ fz;fs; ,uz;odhYk; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;fpdhy; mit beU';Fk;/ 15/

ve;jtpjr; rhjid ntz;lhk; vd;W TwpapUf;fpwhuh>

93

bra;a ntz;Lk; vJ ts;syhh; v';fhtJ

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

,lJ ehrpj;Jthuj;jpy; K:r;ir ,Gj;J cs;ns rpwpJ neuk; mlf;fpg; gpd;dh; tyJ ehrpj; Jthuj;jpd; tHpahf btspna tpl;L kWgo tyJ ehrpapy; ,Gj;J cs;ns mlf;fp ,lJ ehrp tHpahf btspna tpLfpd;w Rthrg; gapw;rp xd;W cz;L/ ,jw;F vz;zpf;if mst[Tl cz;L/ ,ijg; g{ufk; Fk;gfk; nurfk; vd;W TWthh;fs;/ ,e;jg; gapw;rp ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhh;/ fz;fspYs;s fUtpHpia kiwf;fr; bra;jYk;. mtw;iwr; Rw;WjYk;. mtw;iwf; bfhz;L ,ikahky; cw;W nehf;FjYk; nghd;w gapw;rpa[k; ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhh;/ Xh; Mrhid mile;J mtdplk; tpsf;fk; bgw;W fuz';fs; eP';fpf; vGk;g[fpd;w gapw;rp ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh;/

mwpt[ fdy;

Mjhuk;/ gw;WjYk; tpLjYk; cs; mlf;FjYk; kPl;Lk; gLjbyhL RLjYk; g[z;gLj;jYk; ,y;yhnj cw;bwhsp bfhz;nlh';fp v';Fk; jd; kakha; "hd cUthfp caph;f;Fapuha; X';Ffpd;w beUg;ng Rw;WjYk; njhd;WjYk; kiwjYk; btr;brd;nw RLjYk; ,y;yhJ vd;Wk; Jy';Ffpd;w Rlnu Kw;Wk; czh;e;jth; csj;nj jpUr;rpw;wk;gyj;nj Ka';Fk; elj;junr vd; bkhHpa[k; mzpe;jUns/ (850) gw;Wjy;:

K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;ns ,Gj;jy; ? g{ufk;

94

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

tpLjy;:

K:r;Rf;fhw;iw btspna tpLjy; ? nurfk; cs;slf;Fjy;: K:r;Rf;fhw;iw cs;nsna mlf;Fjy; Fk;gfk; kPz;Lk; gLjy; ? ,t;thW kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; bra;jy; RLjy; g[z;gLj;jy; ,y;yhJ Rw;WjYk; njhd;WjYk; kiwjYk;

? btg;gk; cz;lhFjy; ? K:yj;jpy; uj;jk; btspg;gLjy; ? ,it ,y;yhky; ? fz;fisr; RHw;Wk; gapw;rp mg;gona fz;fis epWj;Jjy; fUtpHpiag; gpd;gf;fk; jpUg;gp bts;is epwk; kl;Lk; btspna bjhpa[k;gor; bra;jy; btr;brd;nw rLjYk; ? fz;fis ,ikf;fhJ epWj;jp vhpf;Fk;gor; bra;jy; ,y;yhJ ? ,itfs; ,y;yhky; cw;W xsp bfhz;L ? Mrhhpad; mDf;fpufj;jhy; xsp bgw;W X';fp ? mjid tsur; bra;a[k; jtk; ,J ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/ 16/

mt!;j;ijfs; vj;jid> mit ahit> mt!;j;ijfs; K:d;W ? mitahtd brhg;dk;. RGj;jp vd;gdthFk;/

17/

$hf;uj;.

mtw;wpd; tpsf;fk; vd;d> cs;sk; gpj;j cc;&zj;njhL To yyhl!;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ $hf;uj;/ brhg;dkhtJ

95

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

thj ehonahL Tof;fz;l !;jhdj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ RGj;jpahtJ cs;sk; rpnyj;Jk; ehonahL To khh;g[ !;jhdj;jpy; epw;gJ (ciueil gf;fk; 395. jiyg;g[ 70)

18/ mUspaypy; cs;sth;fis ts;syhh; gphpf;fpwhh;>

vj;jid

tifaha;

moah; vd;Wk; md;gh; vd;Wk; ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ Mjhuk;/ broaWj;nj jpl njfKk; nghfKk; moaUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp Jd;gWj;J xU rpt Jhpa Rfe;jid md;gUf;nf jUk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp

19/ moaUf;Fk; vd;d>

md;gUf;Fk;

cs;s

tpj;jpahrk;

jpl njfKk; nghfKk; kl;Lk; moah; Jhpa Rfk; md;gUf;Ff; fpl;Lk;/ 20/

bgWth;/

md;gh; vd;gth; ahh;> md;gh; vd;gJ bghUs; g[fHhjpiaf; Fwpj;Jg; gapy;nthiu ePf;fpr; rpthde;jk; ve;ehs; milJk; vd;W ,iltplhJ mjidna tpUk;gpg; gapy;nthiuf; Fwpj;jJ vd;W czh;f/

96

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

(ciueil gf;fk; 170 ? xHptpbyhLf;fg; ghapu tpUj;jp) mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;nthiu md;gh; vd;W jpU mUl;gh tpsf;Ffpd;wJ/ Mjhuk; kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha; khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz mfj;ij ehnd Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg; g[Fntd; jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh rw;Wk; may; thjidfs; cw;wpLjy; Mfh mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg; gzpf;nf tpLf md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt (2466) 21/

Kd; brhd;d ghliy tpsf;Ff :-

kzthsh; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ kltha; vd;id kze;j vd; fzth; tUk; ,JthFk; njhHp njhHp vd;gJ kdk; khspifapd; thapbyyhk; tsk;bgw eP g[idf/ khspif ? njfk; thapy; ? bka; tha; fz; K:f;F brtp Mfpa ,e;jphpa';fs;

neuk;

,e;j njfj;jpYs;s Ie;J ,e;jphpa';fshfpa bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpaitw;iw Fw;w';fs; ,y;yhJ J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; bfhs;/ Kjypy; ,e;jphpa xGf;fj;jpw;F th vd;W bghUs;/

97

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

Fzthsh; miza[k; kyh; miz mfj;ij ehnd Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fj;jhy; my';fhpf;fg; g[Fntd; vy;yh ew;Fz';fSk; mikag; bgw;w vd; fzth; vd;id mizaf; Toa ,lk; vd; mfkhfpa g[Ut kj;jpapy; cs;s kyuizna ahFk;/ me;j kyuizia ehnd vd; ,uz;L fz;fis beUf;fpg; ghh;j;J mHF gLj;Jntd;/ kzp ? vd;gJ fz;kzp Fyt[ ? vd;gJ ,Uth; kfpH;t[ld; beU';fp beU';fp; cwthLtijf; Fyht[jy; vd;fpnwhk;/,uz;L fz;fSk; beU';fpg; g[Ut kj;jpia nehf;Ftijna Fyt[ kzp tpsf;fk; vd;whh;/ jzthj Rfe;jUk; vd; jdpf; fzth; thpnyh rw;Wk; may; thjidfs; cw;wpLjy; Mfh/ jzpahj ,d;gk; mspf;fpd;w vdJ xg;gw;w fzth; tUifapy; vdf;Fg; g[wk;ghf cs;s ve;jr; bra;jpa[k; cs;ns EiHaf; TlhJ/ mzthj kdj;jtiug; g[wg;gzpf;nf tpLf md;g[ilahh; fSf;fpLf mfg;gzp bra;jplnt ,ij xg;g[f; bfhs;shj kdk; cilath;fl;Fg; g[wj;nj bra;af; Toa ntiyfis ,Lf/ rpthDgt tpUg;gKilath;fl;nf mfg; gzpahfpa jtk; bra;gzp ,Lf/

98

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

22/ jtk; bra;tJ mtrpak; vd;W ts;syhh; typ;a[Wj;jp cs;shuh> Mk;/ mDgtkhiyg; ghlypy; ,ijtpl mjhtJ jtk; bra;tij tpl ehd; bra;af; Toa gzp ntW vd;d TW vd;W tpdt[fpwhh;/ Mjhuk;

jhH; FHyha; vidr; rw;nw jdpf;f tpl;lhy; "hd rigj; jiyth; tUfpd;w jUzkpJ ehd; jhd; thH;til bghd; kz;lgj;nj gspf; fiwapD}nl kyuizia my';fhpj;J itj;jpLjy; ntz;Lk; N:Gw ehd; my';fhpg;ngd; vd;fpd;wha; njhHp Jiuf;F kdkpy;iyaJ Jzpe;jwpe;njd; gyfhy; VH; flypy; bghpjd;nwh ehdile;j Rfkp';F ,ijtpl ehd; bra; gzp ntbwg;gzp eP ,ak;ng (2464) jhH; FHyha; vd;Wk; njhHp vd;Wk; ,';F miHf;fg;gl;lJ kdijna MFk;/ kdk; my';fhuk; bra;tJ ,iwtDf;Fr; rk;kjkpy;iy vd;Wk; ehd; mile;j Rfk; VG fliy tplg; bghpaJ vd;Wk; ,ijtpl ehd; bra;gzp ntbwg;gzp vd;Wk; nfl;fpwhh;/ jtk; bra;tJ vjida[k; tpl kpf kpf mtrpak; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ/

99

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

23/ rpw;rig bghw;rig v';nf ,Uf;fpd;wd>

,uz;Lk;

kdpj

clk;gpy;

kdpj njfj;jpy; g[Ut kj;jpna rpw;rig MFk;/ Mrhhpad; xUtid mQqfp mtdplk; rhjid vg;gor; bra;tJ vd;W fw;Wf; bfhz;lJk; vWk;g[ Ch;tJ nghy Xh; czh;t[ njhd;Wk;/ me;j czh;t[ bjhl';fp ehj mDgtj;jpw;Fg; gpd; njhd;Wk; ngbuhspf; fhl;rpa[ld;. mKjk; cz;gJ tiu rpw;rig mDgtk; MFk;/ ngbuhspapd; eLnt njhd;Wk; bghd;bdhspa[k; mjd; eLnt njhd;Wk; cs;bshspahfpa brt;bthspa[k; bghw;rig mDgt';fs; MFk;/ Mjhuk;/ fs;Sz;lhbsdg; g[fd;whh; fdfrig eLnt fz;lJz;L rpw;rigapy; cz;lJk; cz;lo ehd; vs;Sz;l gytplaj;jpwf;F';fs; md;nw vd;Wk; ,wth epiyapy; ,Uj;J';fs; cyfh; cs;Sz;l nghJ kaf;Fw;wpL';fs;; mynt cs;s kaf;fidj;jpida[k; xHpj;jpL';fs; kltha; ms;Sz;l gpwUk; vid mLj;jLj;Jf; fz;lhy; mwpt[ jUk; mth;f;Fkp';nf ahDz;l fs;ns (mDgtkhiy ghly; 12) 24/ rkaj; vd;d>

bja;t';fs;;

gw;wp;

ts;syhhpd;;

fUj;J

xt;bthU rkaKk; xt;bthU bja;tj;ijj; jiyikahf itj;J tHpgl;L tUfpd;wJ/

100

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

irtk; rptida[k;. itztk; ehuhazida[k;. bfskhuk; KUfida[k;. fhzhgj;ak; fzgjpiaa[k;. rhf;jk; rf;jpiaa[k; brsuk; N:hpaida[k; ,njnghy; kw;w kj';fspy; ,!;yhk; my;yhita[k;. fpwpj;Jtk; gukgpjhit a[k;. i$dk; mUfiua[k;. tz';FtJ nghy cyfj;jpYs;s mj;jid rka'; fSk; j';fs;; bja;tnk cah;e;jJ vd;Wk; cz;ikahdJ vd;Wk; nghjpg; gJld; kw;w bja;t';fs; cz;ikapy; cs;sjy;y vd;Wk; nghjpf;fpd;wd/ vy;nyhUf;Fk; bghJthf ,iwtd; xUtnd/ me;j xUtidj; jhd; xt;bthU rkaKk; j';fs; j';fs; kdk;nghd nghf;fpy; bgahpl;L tz';fp tUfpd;whh;fs;/ vy;yhg; bgah;fSk; vy;yh tot';fSk; "hdpfspd; fw;gidna jtpu cz;ikapy; ,Ug;gdty;y/ vdnt rkaj; bja;t';fis tHpghL bra;tJ mtrpaky;y/ 25/

rkaj; bja;t';fs;; fw;gidna vd;why; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikjhd; vd;d xt;bthUtUk; j';fs; mfj;jpny jhd; ,iwtid mwpa Koa[nk jtpug; g[wj;jpy; mJjhd; ,iwtd; vdf; fhl;l KoahJ/ Mjhuk; : bghJ czh; czUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;nj mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;)

26/

,iwtid mUl;bgU";n$hjpahf ts;syhh; TWfpd;whnu ? me;j mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k; mDgtk; jhdh>

101

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

Mk;/ mUl;bgU";n$hjpa[k; mDgtnk/ Mjhuk; jD fuzhjpfs; jhk; fle;J mwpa[k; Xh; mDgtkhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp (mfty;) 27/

mUl;bgU";n$hjp vg;nghJ mDgtkhFk;> jD vd;gJ cly;/ mjhtJ bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp Mfpa Ie;J ,e;jphpa';fs;/ fuzhjpfs; vd;gJ kdk;. mf';fhuk; Mfpait MFk;/

g[j;jp.

,e;jphpa';fSk;. fuz';fSk; epiyapy; mjhtJ bray;ghlw;w mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtkhFk;/ 28/

rpj;jk;.

fle;j epiyapy;

me;j mDgtk; vg;go ,Uf;Fk;>

kdk; bray;ghlw;w epiyapy; mjhtJ tpe;J. ehjk;. gutpe;J vd;w epiyfs; fle;J guehjk; vd;w epiy jtj;jpy; Vw;gLk;nghJ ngbuhsp xd;W njhd;Wk;/ gpd;dh; mjd; eLnt bghd;bdhsp njhd;Wk;/ Kotpy; mjd; eLnt brt;bthsp njhd;Wk;/ ,e;jr; brt;bthspna ,iwtd; MFk;/ Mjhuk;: kfhd;fs; mwpe;Jk; gytw;iw ,ufrpakhfnt fhg;ghw;wp kiwj;J tpl;lhh;fs;/ ek; kPJ bfhz;l bgU'; fUiz fhuzkhfnt ,tw;iwbay;yhk; ts;syhh; tpsf;fpdhh;/

43/

thdj;jpd; kPJ kapyhlf; fz;nld; kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo mf;fr;rp kapy; Fapyhr;Rjo // vd;W ghh;j;njd;/ mjd; bghUs; vd;d>

Xh;

mUl;gh

thdk; vd;gJ g[Utkj;jp/ kapy; MLk;nghJ jdJ njhifia tphpj;Jr; rpyph;f;Fk;/ mjd; njhifapy; fz;nghd;W epiwa ,Uf;Fk;/ g[Utkj;jpapy; bew;wpf; fz; cs;s ,lj;jpy; Xh; mirt[ njhd;Wk;/ ekJ ,U fz;fshYk; mij cs;ns fhz ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jj; jtk; bra;a[k; Kiwiaj;jhd; thdj;jpd; kPJ kapyhlf; fz;nld; vd;whh;/ mt;thW ehk; rhjid bra;J te;jhy; ehjk; nfl;Fk;/ ,e;j mDgtj;ijna kapy; Fapy; Mr;Rjo vd;whh;/ ,';nf mf;fr;rp vd;w xU brhy;iy ek; bgUkhdhh; ifahSfpd;whh;/ mf;fr;rp vd;w brhy;iyg; gphpj;jhy; mf; + mr;rp vd;W MFk;/ mr;R vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ/ mf; vd;gJ `

109

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

MFk;/ fPHpuz;L g[s;spfs; Kfj;jpuz;L fz;fs;/ nkYs;s g[s;sp bew;wpf; fz;/ kdpj clk;gpy; ,e;j K:d;W fz;fs; jhd; mr;R MFk;/ jtj;jpw;F Ma[jk; ,e;j K:d;Wnk/ mjdhy; jhd; ,jid Ma[j vGj;J vd;whh;fs;/ 44/

Ma[j g{i$ bfhz;lhLtjd; jj;Jtk; vd;d > etuhj;jphp tpHhtpy; filrpahf Ma[j g{i$ mjw;fLj;j ehs; tp$ajrkp/ mjhtJ kfpc&hRu rk;khuk; Koe;j filrp ehs;/ ,jd; tpsf;fk; vd;dbtdpy; kfpc&k; vd;gJ vUik/ vUik vd;gJ jhkr Fzk;/ mRud; vd;gJ jhkj Fzj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; nfLfs;/ Ma[j g{i$ vd;gJ FUtpd; mUshy; bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwe;J bfhz;L jtk; bra;J jhkr Fzj;ij bty;tnj kfpc&hRu rk;khuk;/

45/

ntj';fs; Mfk';fs; g[uhz';fs; ,jpfhr';fs; ,it gw;wpa ts;syhh; fUj;J vd;d> mitfspy; cz;ikfs; Twg; gl;Ls;sd/ MdhYk; me;j cz;ik fisg; ghku kf;fSk; g[hpe;J bfhs;sf; Toa tifapy; btspg;gilahfr; brhy;yhky; kiwj;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;/ mitfspy; Twg;gl;Ls;s vy;yhr; rk;gt';fSk; fw;gidna jtpu cz;ik tuyhwy;y/ cz;ik kiwf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhy; ve;j ed;ikiaf; fUjp mit vGjg; gl;ldnth me;jg; gad; kf;fSf;Fr;nrutpy;iy vd;gnj ts;syhh; fUj;J/ Mjhuk;

110

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

ntjhfk';fs; vd;W tPz; thjk; MLfpd;wPh; ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaPh; N:jhfr; brhd;dtyhy; cz;ik btspnjhd;w ciuj;jypiy vd;d gandh ,it/ 46/

jpU"hdrk;ge;jh; jpUeht[f;furh; nghd;nwhh; jpUk;gp tUthh;fs; vd;w ngr;rpw;nf vg;go ,lkpy;iynah mt;thnw ts;syhUk; jpUk;gp tUthh; vd;w ngr;rpw;nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W TWfpwhh;fns cz;ikah> ,y;iy/ jpU"hdrk;ge;jh; jpUeht[f;furh; nghd;nwhh; jhk; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; clk;ig kiwj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; rpj;Jf;fs; bgw;wjhf ,y;iy/ Mdhy; ts;syhh; 1870k; Mz;nl jd; cliy kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L MW khj';fs; fHpj;J btspg;gl;oUf;fpwhh;/ gpwFk; gyKiw kiwe;J kiwe;J gpd;dh; btspte;jpUf;fpwhh;/ ,ij mtuJ jiy khzhf;fh; bjh/ ntyha[j Kjypahh; milahW gpUk;k "hd r';fj;jpw;F mspj;j thf;FK:yj;jpy; Twpa[s;shh;/ clnyhL kiwtJk; gpd;dh; clnyhL tUtJk; ts;syhh; bgw;w ngW. vdnt Kd;nghynt kPz;Lk; ts;syhuhy; tu Koa[k;/ tUthh;/

47/ mth; cz;lh>

clnyhL

kiwe;jjw;F

muR

Mjhuk;

xUth; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtuJ brhj;Jf;fis mtuJ thhpRjhuh; clnd mDgtpf;fyhk;/ Mdhy; xUth; fhzhky; ngha;

111

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

tpl;lhnyh rl;lg;go VG Mz;Lfs; fHpe;j gpd;dh;jhk; thhpRfs; mtuJ brhj;Jf;fis mDgtpf;f Koa[k;/ ,Jjhd; ,e;jpa ehl;Lr; rl;lk;/ ts;syhh; 1874k; Mz;L $dthp 30k; ehs; fhzhky; ngha; tpl;lhh;/ mth; nghpypUe;j tlY}h; jUkr;rhiy cs;spl;l epy';fSf;F murh';fj;jhh; VG Mz;Lfs; rl;lg;gof; fhj;jpUe;nj 1881k; Mz;L khh;r; khjk;jhd; V$z;Lfis epakpj;jdh;/ ts;syhh; fhzhky; nghdjw;F ,Jnt nghJkhd MjhukhFk;/ 48/ ts;syhh; bra;jpUg;ghh;>

kiwe;jpue;j

jtk; jhd; bra;jpUf;f Koa[k;/

49/

fhy';fspy;

bra;jpUg;ghh;/

vd;d

ntW

vd;d

,g;g[j;jfj;ij ,Jtiu goj;jjdhy; kf;fs; mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;>

vij

ey;ybjhU tpdh/ bghWika[ld; goa[';fs; : 1/ 2/

kdpjg; gpwtp vspjpy; fpl;lhj xd;W/ ekf;Ff; fpl;oa[s;sJ/ gpwe;njhk; thH;fpnwhk; ,wf;fg; nghfpnwhk; vd;w mwpt[ tpsf;fk; kdpjid jtpu ntW ve;j $PtDf;Fk; fpilahJ/

112

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

3/ 4/

5/

6/ 7/ 8/

9/

10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/

15/

kdpjdha;g; gpwe;J Vd; kuzk; mila ntz;Lk; vd;W rpe;jpf;f ntz;Lk;/ gpzp. K:g;g[. gak;. Jd;gk;. Mgj;J. tpgj;J nghd;w kuzj;jpw;Fhpa fhuz';fis czu ntz;Lk;/ ek;ikg; nghyg; gpwe;J tsh;e;j ts;syhh; kuzj;ijbtd;wpUf;fpwhh; vd;gij ed;whf czu ntz;Lk;/ ek;khYk; kuzj;ij bty;y Koa[k; vd;w ek;gpf;if bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ Kjypy; khkpr czit cz;zhky; mij monahnl kwe;J tpl ntz;Lk;/ ts;syhh; Twpa[s;s Mfhug; gf;Ftj;ija[k;. ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk; Kjypatw;iwa[k; mjp jPtpu tpUg;g Kaw;rpa[ld; gHf ntz;Lk;/ xU ey;y FUit mLj;J ekJ bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf; bfhz;L xt;bthUtUk; jtk; bra;a ntz;Lk;/ me;jj; jt cc;&ze;jhd; clk;ig khw;Wk; rf;jp cilaJ vd mwpa ntz;Lk;/ rpdk; fhkk; cl;glj; jPa Fz';fs; midj;jpida[k; ePf;f ntz;Lk;/ rhpia fphpia nahfk; "hdk; Mfpa ehd;F bewpfspYk; epw;f ntz;Lk;/ rkaj; bja;t';fs; midj;Jk; fw;gidna vd;W jPh;f;fkhf mwpa ntz;Lk;/ ts;syhiuna bja;tkhf Vw;Wf; bfhz;L gf;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;/ mth; fhl;oa tHpapy; jtwhky; elf;f ntz;Lk;/ vy;yh $Ptd;fsplKk; ,uf;fk; fhl;l ntz;Lk;/ me;j ,uf;fj;jpw;F Xh; mst[ ,Uf;ff; TlhJ/

113

ts;syhh; fhl;oa "hdbewp

16/

17/ 18/ 19/

gpw caph;fs; kPJ fhl;Lk; jat[ xd;wpdhy; kl;Lnk mUisg; bgw Koa[k; vd;W czu ntz;Lk;/ Toa mst[ epiwe;j kdJld; thHg; gHf ntz;Lk;/ bte;ePiuna Fof;f ntz;Lk;/ bte;ePhpnyna Fspf;f ntz;Lk;/ $PtfhUz;ak; Kjw;go. mjDld; xGf;fk;. gf;jp. Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghL. jtk; Kjypatw;iw tplhJ filg;gpoj;jhy; kuzj;ij bty;yyhk;/

,g;g[j;jfk; fpilf;Fkplk; 1)

K/ ghY 98 neU bjU MH;thh; jpUefh; brd;id?600 087

2)

rp';fg;g{h; rptFkhh;

3)

Rgh!;re;jpud; knyrpa _mfj;jpah; rd;khh;f;f FUFy ,af;fk;. knyrpah

**************

114