User's Manual For TL-30x Laser Engraving and Cutting Control System

February 6, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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]smr‛‛s @dgudb olr ]smr

SB-98x Bdsmr Mgardvkga dgc Iuttkga Ilgtrlb Yystm`

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Il., Btc Dcc> 3O, GL.=:, Mdst Ykcm lo [luslga Uldc, Gmw Blgajud Ckstrkit, Yjmg^jmg, Ijkgd, Dcc> =4:48; Smb> mb> +:?-81==-:58=1;85 Odx>> Odx +:?-81==-:58=1:;5 Qmesktm>> jttp>//www.tlpwkscl`.il`.ig Qmesktm jttp>//www.tlpwkscl`.il`.ig

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ilpyrkajt Ytdtm`mgt Ytdtm`mgt Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Il., Btc. Dbb rkajts rmsmrvmc. Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Il., Btc. (Slpwkscl` Smijglblay jmrmkgdotmr) rmsmrvms tjm rkajts lo okgdb kgtmrprmtdtklg dgc `lckokidtklg olr tjks `dgudb dgc cmibdrdtklg. Slpwkscl` Smijglblay lwgs tjm pdtmgts, ilpyrkajt dgc ltjmr kgtmbbmitudb prlpmrty rkajts olr kts prlcuit dgc slotwdrm. Qktjlut dutjlrkzdtklg, gl lgm ks dbblwmc tl ilpy, mximrpt, rmprlcuim, prlimss, ckssm`kgdtm dgc usm tjks prlcuit dgc kts rmbdtkvm pdrts ckrmitby lr kgckrmitby kgckrmitby..

Cksibdk`mr Slpwkscl` Smijglblay rmsmrvms tjm rkajt tl `lckoy tjm ilgtmgt cmsirkemc kg tjks `dgudb wktjlut dcvdgim gltkim. Slpwkscl` S Smijglblay mijglblay ks glt rmsplgskebm tl dgy ckrmit, kgckrmit, lr ilgsmqumgtkdb cd`dam lr bkdekbkty idusmc ey k`prlpmr usm lo tjks `dgudb lr tjm prlcuit. @dijkgmry kg `ltklg idg em cdgamrlus! Kt ks tjm rmsplgskekbkty lo tjm usmr tl cmskag moomitkvm mrrlr jdgcbkga dgc sdomty prltmitklg ds pdrt lo tjm `dijkgmry. Slpwkscl` Smijglblay sjdbb glt em bkdebm lr rmsplgskebm olr dgy kgikcmgtdb lr ilgsmqumgtkdb cd`dams.

Smijgkidb Yupplrt Sl amt lur tmijgkidb supplrt dgc dotmr-sdbm smrvkim> Smb>   Smb> +:?-81==-:58=1;85 Odx> +:?-81==-:58=1:;5 Qmesktm> jttp>/ Qmesktm> jttp>//www.tlpwkscl`.il`.ig /www.tlpwkscl`.il`.ig

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ilgtmgt Xdrt 4 Lvmrvkmw ............................................................................................................ 4 4.4 Yystm` Lvmrvkmw............. ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 4 4.5 Gltms dgc Qdrgkga .......................................................................................... 4 4.9 Qlrf Mgvkrlg`mgt ........................................................................................... 5 4.3 Xlwmr Yuppby dgc Arlugckga ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 5 4.3.4 Xlwmr Yuppby Umqukrm`mgts ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 5 4.3.5 Arlugckga Umqukrm`mgts ...................................................................... 5 4.= Diimsslry Bkst.................................................................................................. 5 Xdrt 5 Qkrkga Kgstdbbdtklg Kgstruitklg ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ = 5.4 Kgstdbbdtklg Ck`mgsklg ..................................................................................... = 5.5.4 Xdgmb ..................................................................................................... = 5.4.5 Qkrkga eldrc Ck`mgsklg ........................................................................ ? 5.5 Qkrkga Kgstruitklg ............................................................................................. 1 5.5.4 Qkrkga Eldrc ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ 1 5.5.5 Qkrkga Ckdard` ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .................... ....... : 5.9 Kgtmrodim Kgstruitklg ....................................................................................... 44 5.9.4 Xlwmr Ykagdb ....................................................................................... 44 5.9.5 Cdtd Eus Kgtmrodim ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 45 5.9.9 Obdsj cksf idebm kgtmrodim ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... ......................... ................ .... 49 5.9.3 XI ]YE idebm kgtmrodim ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... .......................... .................. ...... 49 5.9.= Lutput.................................................................................................. 49 5.9.? Bdsmr Xlwmr Kgtmrodim ......................................................................... 4= 5.9.1 Kgput .................................................................................................... 41 5.9.: Kgput Ykagdb Ckdard` ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 4; Xdrt 9 Ylotwdrm Kgstdbbdtklg ......................................................................................... 58 9.4 Kgstdbbkga IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 58 K

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

9.4.4 @dgudb Kgstdbb ...................................................................................... 54 9.4.5 Dutl Kgstdbb ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ 55 9.5 ]gkgstdbbkga IlrmbCUD IlrmbCUDQ Q Ckrmit Lutput ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... .................. ..... 59 9.9 Kgstdbbkga IDC Ckrmit Lutput ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 59 9.3 ]gkgstdbbkga IDC Ckrmit Ckrmit Lutput .................. ............................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ 5= 9.= ]YE Crkvmr Crkvmr Kgstdbbdtklg ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... ................ ... 5? 9.? ]YE Xlrt Ymttkga ........................................................................................... 5; 9.?.4 _kmw tjm dsskagmc IL@ Xlrt ey Il`putmr ............ ......................... ......................... ................ .... 5; 9.?.5 Ijdgam tjm Dsskagmc IL@ plrt ey Il`putmr ........... ........................ ......................... ............ 95 9.1 KX Ymttkga ....................................................................................................... 99 Xdrt 3 Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg Aukcm ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 91 3.4 IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg .................... ................................. ......................... ............ 91 3.4.4 Bdymr Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga...................................................................... 9: 3.4.5 Illrckgdtm Ymttkga ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 35 3.4.9 Srdif Ymttkga ....................................................................................... 39 3.4.3 Ykgabm Dxks Lpmrdtklg ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 33 3.4.= Lutput Mgardvm ................................................................................... 3= 3.5 Sjm Mqukp`mgt @dgdam`mgt ........................................................................ 3; 3.5.4 Sllbedr Sllbedr............. ........................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .................. ..... =8 3.5.5 Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga ............................................................................... =8 3.5.9 Mèrlkcmry K`plrt ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... == 3.5.3 K`plrt Ekt`dp ...................................................................................... =? 3.5.= Iurvm Xrmiksklg ................................................................................... =1 3.9 IDC Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg ............ .......................... ........................... .......................... .................. ..... =1 3.3 IDC Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg ............ ......................... .................. ..... =: 3.3.4 Sjm Yupplrt lo DutlIDC Ckrmit Lutput Dggltdtklg S Smxt mxt ............ ...................... .......... =: 3.3.5 Idrvkga Ardckmgt Yfmtij @dp .................................. ..................... .......................... .......................... ............... ?8 3.3.9 Illrckgdtm Yystm` .............. ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ ?8 3.3.3 Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg lo Idrvkga ................................ ................... .......................... ................ ... ?4 KK

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

3.3.= Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg lo Ylotwdrm dgc IDC Ckrmit Lutput ......... ?5 Xdrt = Xdgmb Lpmrdtklg ............................................................................................... ?? =.4 Xdgmb dgc Fmy Kgstruitklg .............. ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ ?? =.4.4 Xdgmb ................................................................................................... ?? =.4.5 Fmy ...................................................................................................... ?? =.5 Kgtmrodim Kgtrlcuitklg ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ..................... ....... ?: =.5.4 Ytdrt ]p ............................................................................................... ?: =.5.5 @dkg Kgtmrodim ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ..................... ....... ?; =.5.9 @mgu ................................................................................................... 14 =.5.3 _dbum _dbum smttkga ............. .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 15 =.9 Okbm @dgdam ................................................................................................... 19 =.9.4 Okbms kg Idrc ........................................................................................ 13 =.9.5 Obdsj Cksf............ ......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ............... 13 =.9.9 Lutput Okbm ........................................................................................... 1? =.9.3 Okbm Umimkvkga Ymttkga ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... 11 =.9.= Qlrf Bllp ........................................................................................... 11 =.3 Mqukp`mgt Sypm............ ......................... ......................... .......................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ................ ... 1: =.= Dxks @lvm ...................................................................................................... 1; Xdrt ? Dsskstdgt ougitklg ............................................................................................. :8 ?.4 Glr`db Xdrd`mtmr ......................................................................................... :8 ?.4.4 Fmy Ymt ................................................................................................ :4 ?.4.5 Bdsmr Ymt ............................................................................................. :5 ?.4.9 Umturg Xlkgt ........................................................................................ :9 ?.4.3 Ltjmr Ymt ............................................................................................. :3 ?.4.= Ilvmr Ymt ............................................................................................ :3 ?.4.? Bkajt Cmbdy .......................................................................................... := ?.4.1 Sk`m Ymt .............................................................................................. := ?.4.: Mqukp`mgt Guèmr ............................................................................. :? ?.4.; Xdsswlrc Ymt ...................................................................................... :? KKK

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

?.4.48 ]gblif @dijkgm Xdsswlrc Xrmvkmw ......................... ............ .......................... ......................... ............ :1 ?.4.44 ?.4.4 4 Bdgaudam ............. ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ :1 ?.4.45 Bdsmr Sk`m.............. ........................... .......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... :: ?.4.49 ]ptk`m .............. ........................... ......................... .......................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ................ ... :: ?.4.43 Qlrf Sk`m ......................................................................................... :; ?.4.4= Xrlimss Sk`ms ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... .................. ..... :; ?.4.4? Z Srdvmb ............................................................................................. :; ?.4.41 [ Srdvmb ............................................................................................. ;8 ?.5 Dxks Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga .................................................................................. ;8 ?.5.4 Dxks Xdrd`mtmr .................................................................................... ;4 ?.5.5 Umslbutklg ........................................................................................... ;4 ?.5.9 Ltjmr Dxks Xdrd`mtmrs Ymttkga ............. .......................... .......................... ........................... ..................... ....... ;5 ?.9 Edif Ymt ........................................................................................................ ;9 ?.3 Yystm` Ymttkga .............................................................................................. ;9 Xdrt 1 Sjm Ormqumgtby Dsfmc Tumstklg Jmbp ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............ ;= 1.4 Xlwmr-lg Umsmt Tumstklg ..................... .................................. ........................... ........................... ......................... ................ .... ;= 1.5 Sjm Bdsmr Bkajt Tumstklg .............................................................................. ;? 1.9 Sjm XI Ilggmitklg Tumstklg ............ ......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..................... ........ ;? 1.3 Sjm Umdckga dgc Qrktkga Q rktkga lo ] cksf Tumstklg ............. .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... ;1

K_

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt 4 Lvmrvkmw 4.4 Yystm` Lvmrvkmw Sjdgf ylu vmry ùij olr uskga bdsmr mgardvkga ilgtrlb systm` lo lur il`pdgy! Sjks systm` idg em usmc wktj vdrklus typms lo bdsmr mgardvkga iuttkga `dijkgm, `mmts ylur ckoomrmgt rmqukrm`mgts olr prlimsskga.  ]sm Jkaj-Xmrolr`dgim 95-Ekt IX] wktj Ykgabm-Xrmiksklg Obldtkga-Xlkgt ]gkt (OX]),

tjm `dkg ormqumgiy ks up tl 4=8@J. Ymttkga cmvkim pdrd`mtmr lut lo XI il`pbmtmby il`pbmtmby.. Dbb ilupbmr il`pbmtmby kslbdtmc orl` lutskcm kgtmromrmgim, tjm sy systm` stm` ks rmbkdebm.  Yupplrt ] ]YE5.8 YE5.8 plrt, ] cksf rmdckga d dgc gc wrktkga wrktkga,, supplrt ] cksf systm` upardcm6  Qktj ?3@E stlrdam, w wlrf lrf kgcmp kgcmpmgcmgtby mgcmgtby olr` XI, wjkij ks usmoub olr tjm qudgtktkms

lo mgardvkga dgc iuttkga prlcuitklg.  Yupplrt 3 dxksms `l `ltklg tklg ilgtrlb(Z [ ^ ], Z[ ks olr bdsmr iuttkga ilgtrlb, ^ ks ommckga

dxks, ] ks bkot dxks). bkotkga, otkga, rltdtkga mgardvkga, `mtdb iuttkga, si sidbm dbm i iuttkga, uttkga, dutl dutl`dtki `dtki  Yupplrt ommckga, bk eblwkga, dutl`dtki oliuskga, ollt swktij, ilvmr prltmit, plwmr-loo iuttkga rmstlrdtklg, systm` blif, cmvkim `dgdam`mgt.  Y-sjdpm diimbmrdtklg dgc cmi cmimbmrdtklg mbmrdtklg dgc dcnustdebm vmblikty prlokbm, `mmt tjm

cm`dgc lo s`lltj iuttkga dgc jkaj spmmc wlrfkga. Emolrm uskga, pbmdsm rmdc lur `dgudb idrmoubby, mgsurm tl lpmrdtm lur systm` ilrrmitby. Xbmdsm fmmp tjm `dgudb wmbb, dgc kt‛s ilgvmgkmgt olr ylur outurm rmomrmgims. Emidusm lo ckoomrmgt ilgokaurdtklg, sl`m cmvkims jdvm glt sl`m lo tjm ougitklgs bkstmc kg tjm `dgudb, tjm cmtdkbs suenmit tl dpprlprkdtm lpmrdtklg ougitklgs.   ougitklgs.

4.5 Gltms dgc Qdrgkga  Xrljkekt tjm glg-prlomssklgdbs tl `dkgtmgd `dkgtmgdgim gim dgc cmeua tjm mbmi mbmitrkidb trkidb sys systm`, tm`, ko

glt, tjks wkbb rmcuim cmvkim cmvkim‚‚s sdomty pmrolr`dgim, dgc mxpdgc odkburm, mvmg idusm diikcmgt dgc prlpmrty blss.  Xbmdsm cl glt pkbms up cmerks lg tjm ilgtrlb elx elx,, dgc kg tjm ilursm lo uskga, 4

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

rmaubdrby rm`lvm tjm cust lo tjm ilgtrlb elx surodim dgc okbtmrs, tl fmmp allc vmgtkbdtklg. lpmg pmg tjm ilvmr lo tjm ilgtrlb elx elx,, ùst iut loo tjm p plwmr lwmr dotmr  Qjmg usmrs jdvm tl l =`kgutms dgc ugcmr tjm prlomssklgdbs‚ prlomssklgdbs‚ aukcdgim, lgby idg em dbblwmc tl tluij tjm il`plgmgts kg tjm mbmitrkidb ilgtrlb elx! tluijkga a dgy `ltklg pdr pdrts ts lr lpmgkga tjm ilgtrlb mqukp`mgts wjmg tjm  Xrljkekt tluijkg `dijkgm ks wlrfkga, lr kt `dyem erkga delut tjm diikcmgt dgc `dijkgm idg‚ idg ‚t wlrf.  Xrljkekt uskg uskga a tjm mbmitrkidb m mqukp`mgt qukp`mgt kg tjm cd`p, cu cust, st, ilrrlskv ilrrlskvm m ads, obd``debm

ads drmd, lr kt `dyem idusm tjm mbmitrkidb sjlif lr okrm!

4.9 Qlrf Mgvkrlg`mgt  _mgtkbdtklg, sdgktdtklg, dgc bmss cust  Ytlrda Ytlrdam m tm`pmrdturm> 8-=8℉  Qlrf tm`pmrdturm> =-38℉  Qlrf rmbdtkvm ju`kckty> 98%-;8%(gl ilgcmgsdtklg)

4.3 Xlwmr Yuppby dgc Arlugckga 4.3.4 Xlwmr Yuppby Umqukrm`mgts  Ilrm plwmr suppby> CI =_ =_,, 9D6 Mxtmrgdb plwmr suppby> CI =_ =_,, 9D

`dijkgm gm ilgokaurdtklg ilgokaurdtklgs, s, plwmr ilgsu ilgsu`ptklg `ptklg ks emtw emtwmmg mmg  Diilrckga tl ckoomrmgt `dijk 8.4-8.5FQ

4.3.5 Arlugckga Umqukrm`mgts prmvmgt mgt mbmi mbmitrkidb trkidb mqukp`mg mqukp`mgtt cum tl bmdf bmdfdam, dam, lv lvmr-vlbtdam, mr-vlbtdam, kgsubdtkl kgsubdtklg g mti  Kg lrcmr tl prmv idusms lo tjm mbmitrkidb sjlif lr okrm, pbmdsm `dfm tjm mbmitrkidb ilgtrlb rmbkdebm arlugckga. Arlugckga rmskstdgim ks bmss tjdg 488 lj`s6 tjm bmgatj lo wkrm idebm ks wktjkg tjm 58`mtmrs, tjm irlss-smitklgdb drmd lo tjm wkrm idebm ks bdramr tjdg 4.8 `` 5.

4.= Diimsslry Diimsslry Bkst Sjm Bdsmr Mgardvkga Ilgtrlb Yystm` SB-98Z ilgtdkgmc tjm diimsslrkms ds emblw> 5

泸晾秔抈

Gd`m

Tty

Lpmrdtklg Xdgmb

4

Olr usmr lpmrdtklg

4

Qkrkga eldrc

4

]YE il`ùgkidtklg idebm olr ilggmitkga ilgtrlbbmr dgc XI

SÎ-ILG_

Kgtrlcuitklg

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xjltl

43

Ilggmitklg idebm

9

泸晾秔抈

Xlwmr idebm

4

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xlwmr suppby idebm

3

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt 5 Qkrkga Kgstd Kgstdbbdtklg bbdtklg Kgstruitklg 5.4 Kgstdbbdtklg Ck`mgsklg 5.5.4 Xdgmb Sjm kgstdbbdtklg ck`mgsklg lo lpmrdtklg pdgmb (tjm ugkt ks @@)>

Oka. 5-4

=

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 5-5

5.4.5 Qkrkga eldrc Ck`mgsklg

Oka. 5-9 ?

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.5 Qkrkga Kgstruitklg 5.5.4 Qkrkga Eldrc

Oka. 5-3

1

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.5.5 Qkrkga Ckdard` 5.5.5.4 @ltlr Qkrkga Sjm olbblwkga ks Z dxks `ltlr wkrkga, ltjmr dxks drm sk`kbdr. 4. Ytmp @ltlr Qkrkga

N5

Z Crkvmr

X]B+

ZAGC

X]BCKU4

CKU+ CKU-

XQ@4

MGD+

+=_

MGD9?_-

AGC ]

Sl @ltlr

_ Q

9?_+

_ci

Oka. 5-= 5. Xdgdslgki Ymrvl Qkrkga N5

Xdgdslgki smrvl 9

AGC

X]BY4 3

CKU4

X]BY5

XQ@4

=

YKAG4

+=_

?

YKAG5

53_-

34

IL@]

Sl @ltlr

_ Q

53_+

1

IL@+

Oka. 5-? :

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.5.5.5 Bdsmr Xlwmr Yuppby Qkrkga 4. IL5 Bdsmr Xlwmr Yuppby Qkrkga MZ=_

XQ@9

CKU9

KG-4

ZAGC

N:

Qdtmr Xltmit

Ditkvm blw

SSB-J

SSB-B

QX

AGC

4

5

9

3

CDI

Bdsmr Xlwmr Yuppby

=

?

Oka. 5-1 5-1

5.UO Bdsmr Qkrkga MZ=_

XQ@9

CKU9

KG-4

ZAGC

N:

Qdtmr Xrltmit

Bdsmr Xlwmr Yuppby

Xlwmr

AGC

Oka. 5-: ;

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Sjm wkrkga lo bdsmr 5 ks sk`kbdr. Gltm＞Qjmg ‒UO4 lr UO5‐ ks smbmitmc, pbmdsm smt tjm XQ@ Ormqumgiy diilrckga tl tjm cdtd sjmmt lo tjm bdsmr. Amgmrdbby, XQ@ Ormqumgiy ks =888Jz. Dgc smt tjm Bdsmr @dx pdrd`mtmr glt bdramr tjdg ;=%, mspmikdbby glt tl smt ds 488%, ltjmrwksm kt wlrfs k`prlpmrby. k`prlpmrby.

5.5.5.9 Eblwkga Dkr Ykagdb Qkrkga

N1

=_/53_ Umbdy

MZ_L]S: L]S1 MZ_+

=_+/53_+ Oka. 5-;

5.5.5.3 Xmg ]X/Clwg Ykagdb Qkrkga

N1

=_/53_ Umbdy

MZ_L]S: L]S1 MZ_+

=_+/53_+ Oka. 5-48

5.5.5.= Bk`kt Ywktij Ykagdb Qkrkga

48

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

N;

Xjltlmbmitrki bk`kt swktij

ZAGC KG-=

8_

KG-3 KG-9 KG-5 MZ=_

L]S =_ Z Lrkakg bk`kt swktij

Oka. 5-44 Ltjmr bk`kt swktij wkrkgas drm dr m sk`kbdr.

5.9 Kgtmrodim Kgstruitklg 5.9.4 Xlwmr Ykagdb Sjm systm` ks cudb =_ plwmr suppby Sjm =_ plwmr kgtmrodim N4=(swktijkga plwmr kgtmrodim) Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (kgput)

5

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (kgput)

9

AGC

Kgtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (kgput)

3

+=_

Kgtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (kgput)

Sjm plwmr kgtmrodim N43 (olr Xdgmb) Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ =_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

9

AGC

Kgtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

3

+=_

Kgtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

44

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.9.5 Cdtd Eus Kgtmrodim Cdtd Eus Kgtmrodim N4 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

M=_A

5

L]S3

9

L]S9

3

L]S5

=

L]S4

?

M=_A

1

CKU3

:

XQ@3

;

CKU9

48

XQ@9

44

M=_A

45

CKU5

49

XQ@5

43

CKU4

4=

XQ@4

4?

M=_A

41

L]S=

4:

L]S?

4;

L]S1

58

L]S:

54

M=_A

55

KGX]S45

59

KGX]S44

53

KGX]S48 45

泸晾秔抈

5=

KGX]S;

5?

KGX]S:

51

KGX]S1

5:

KGX]S?

5;

KGX]S=

98

KGX]S3

94

KGX]S9

95

KGX]S5

99

KGX]S4

93

M=_A

9=

KGX]S4?

9?

KGX]S4=

91

KGX]S43

9:

KGX]S49

9;

MZS=_

38

MZS=_

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.9.9 Obdsj cksf idebm kgtmrodim @dkg eldrc kgtmrodim N;, bdembmc obdsj cksf ilggmitkga idebm. Obdsj cksf idg em kgsmrtmc ckrmitby.

5.9.3 XI ]YE idebm kgtmrodim @dkg eldrc kgtmrodim N:, bdembmc XI ilggmitkga idebm. Ilggmit tjm il`putmr wktj ]YE ilggmitkga idebm tl rmdc dgc wrktm tjm okbm.

5.9.= Lutput 4.Crkvm kgtmrodim Z dxks kgtmrodim N5 49

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

L]S =_ X]B+〄CKU+(lutput)

5

XQ@4

Ytmppk Ytmppkga ga pubsm (lutput) X]B-

9

CKU4

Ckrmitklg skagdb (lutput) CKU-

3

ZAGC

L]S =_ AGC (lutput)

[ dxks kgtmrodim N9 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

L]S =_ X+ (lutput) X]B+〄CKU+

5

XQ@5

Ytmppk Ytmppkga ga pubsm (lutput) X]B-

9

CKU5

Ckrmitklg skagdb (lutput) CKU-

3

ZAGC

L]S =_ AGC (lutput)

^ dxks kgtmrodim N3 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

L]S =_ X+ (lutput) X]B+〄CKU+

5

L]S4

Ytmppk Ytmppkga ga pubsm (lutput) X]B-

9

L]S5

Ckrmitklg skagdb (lutput)CKU-

3

ZAGC

L]S =_ AGC (lutput)

] dxks kgtmrodim N= Xkg

Cmokgm

4 5

MZ=_ L]S9

〄 L]S =_ X+ (lutput) X]B+ CKU+ Ytmppk Ytmppkga ga pubsm (lutput) X]B-

9

L]S3

Ckrmitklg skagdb (lutput)CKU-

3

ZAGC

L]S =_ AGC (lutput)

43

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5. Amgmrdb lutput kgtmrodim Amgmrdb KL lutput kgtmrodim N? (Mxpdgsklg plrt) Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

L]S=

Umsmrvmc

9

L]S?

Umsmrvmc

3

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

9. Umbdy ilgtrlb skagdb kgtmrodim N1 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ_+

Ilggmit tl pkg 4 lo N4? lr mxtmrgdb =_/53_ plwmr slurim

5

L]S1

Kg tjm erusj `lcm, bkotkga skagdb, jkaj moomitkvm, ilggmit tl tjm

rmbdy ilkb ”+‟ skcm 9

L]S: skcm

Eblw dkr skagdb, jkaj moomitkvm, ilggmit tl tjm rmbdy ilkb ”+‟

3

MZ_ MZ_--

Ilggmit tl tjm rmbdy ilkb ”-‟ skcm

Sjm kgput vlbtdam lo rmbdy jds `dgy fkgcs, suij ds =_, 45_, 53_, eut tjm =_ ks tjm emst.

5.9.? Bdsmr Xlwmr Kgtmrodim Sjm kgtmrodim lo bdsmr plwmr 4 N:

Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

XQ@9

Em usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm bdsmr

Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm plwmr kgtmgskty dgc bkajt lo tjm bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm mbmitrki iurrmgt. 9

CKU9

Bdsmr mgdebm ilgtrlb (CKU9 nu`pmr tl J, tjm skagdb ks jkaj dgc

moomitkvm, tl B, tjm skagdb ks blw dgc moomitkvm.) 4=

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm mgdebm ougitklg lo bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl ilgtrlb bdsmr Lg/Loo. 3

KG–4

Bdsmr stdtus, tjm ilrrmsplgckga kgstruitklg ks BMC C4

Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ttjm jm stdtm kgput lo bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl tjm stdtm kgput lo wdtmr ilgsmrvdtklg (ditkvm blw). =

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga(lutput)

Sjm kgtmrodim lo bdsmr plwmr 5 N44 N44 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

XQ@3

Em usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm bdsmr

Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm plwmr kgtmgskty dgc bkajt lo tjm bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm mbmitrki iurrmgt. 9

CKU3

Bdsmr mgdebm ilgtrlb (CKU3 nu`pmr tl J, tjm skagdb ks jkaj dgc

moomitkvm, tl B, tjm skagdb ks blw dgc moomitkvm.) Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ilgtrlb tjm mgdebm ougitklg lo bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl ilgtrlb bdsmr Lg/Loo. 3

KG–?

Bdsmr stdtus, tjm ilrrmsplgckga kgstruitklg ks BMC C?

Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks UO bdsmr bdsmr,, usmc tl ttjm jm stdtm kgput lo bdsmr. Qjmg tjm bdsmr ks cl`mstki abdss tuem, usmc tl tjm stdtm kgput lo wdtmr ilgsmrvdtklg (ditkvm blw). =

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga(lutput)

4?

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.9.1 Kgput 4. Sjm bk`kt kgtmrodim Z, [ dxks bk`kt kgtmrodim N; Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

KG–5

Z uppmr bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `dx illrckgdtm bk`kt smgslr kgput

9

KG–9

Z lrkakg bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `kgkù` illrckgdtm (8) bk`kt smgslr kgput

3

KG–3

[ uppmr bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `dx illrckgdtm bk`kt smgslr kgput

=

KG–=

[ lrkakg bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `kgkù` illrckgdtm (8) bk`kt smgslr kgput

?

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

^, ] dxks bk`kt kgtmrodim N45 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput)

5

KG–1

^ lrkakg bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `kgkù` illrckgdtm (8) bk`kt smgslr kgput

9

KG–:

] lrkakg bk`kt, dxks `lvm`mgt tl tjm `kgkù` illrckgdtm (8) bk`kt smgslr kgput

3

KG–;

Lpmgkga prltmitklg skagdb kgput

=

KG–48

Ollt swktij skagdb kgput

?

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

5. Sjm amgmrdb kgput kgtmrodim Kgput kgtmrodim N48 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput))

41

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5

KG–44

] dxks uppmr bk`kt swktij kgput

9

KG–45

] dxks blwmr bk`kt swktij kgput

3

KG–49

Kgput

=

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

?

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

Kgput kgtmrodim N N49 Xkg

Cmokgm

4

MZ=_

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim plsktkvm (lutput))

5

KG–43

Kgput

9

KG–4=

Kgput

3

KG–4?

Kgput

=

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

?

ZAGC

Mxtmrgdb =_ plwmr slurim arlugckga (lutput)

* Qjmg uskga tjm skgabm bdsmr ilgtrlb, tjm wdtmr prltmitklg skagdb lo dgltjmr bdsmr ùst em sjlrtmc wktj ZAGC, ltjmrwksm, tjm `dijkgm clg clg‚‚t wlrf.

Sjm ilggmitklg ilggmitklg wd wdys ys lo sswktij wktij kgput s ka gdb> gdb>  Qjmg usk uskga ga dpprl dpprldijkga dijkga swktij, tjm ilrrmsp ilrrmsplgckga lgckga pdrd`mtmrs lo u uppmr ppmr XI ùst

em smt ds ”Gmadtkvm Gmadtkvm‟‟ ey GXG6 tjm ilrrmsplgckga pdrd`mtmrs lo uppmr XI ùst em smt ds ”Xlsktkvm Xlsktkvm‟‟ ey XGX. uskga a strdkajt lr `da `dagmtki gmtki kgcuitkl kgcuitklg g sw swktij, ktij, tjm ilrrmsplgckga pdrd`mtmrs  Qjmg uskg lo uppmr XI ùst em smt ds ”Gmadtkvm Gmadtkvm‟‟ wjkbm rmimkvkga skagdb + ZAGC ６ tjm ilrrmsplgckga pdrd`mtmrs lo uppmr XI ùst em smt ds ”Xlsktkvm Xlsktkvm‟‟ wjkbm rmimkvkga skagdb + MZ=_.

4:

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5.9.: Kgput Ykagdb Ckdard` +=_

KG-3

KG-9

KG-5

KG-4

Kgput skagdb

Oka. 5-45

4;

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt 9 Ylotwdrm Kgstdbbdtklg 9.4 Kgstdbbkga IlrmbCUDQ IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput IlrmbCUDQ45 lr d jkajmr vmrsklg gmmcs tl em kgstdbbmc okrstby. Sjmg cluebm ibkif tjm kilg

(emblw IlrmbId`mrd\_:.1.: ks usmc tl kgtrlcuim), d sirmmg

sjlwg kg Oka. 9-4 wkbb em ckspbdymc olr smbmitkga kgstdbbkga bdgaudam.

Oka. 9-4 Ibkif ‟gmxt‟ ‟gmxt‟ tl tl prlimmc wktj kgstdbbdtklg.

Oka. 9-5 Ymbmit ”Kgstdbb Kgstdbb‟‟ tl kgstdbb slotwdrm, lr smbmit ”]gkgstdbb ]gkgstdbb‟‟ tl ugkgstdbb slotwdrm. Sjmg ibkif gmxt. Dgc tjm sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-9 ks ckspbdymc.

58

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-9

9.4.4 @dgudb Kgstdbb Ibkif tjm

euttlg tl okgc tjm IlrmbCUD IlrmbCUDQ Q kgstdbb pdtj, ds sjlwg kg Oka.9-3, smbmit

tjm Ilrmb Ardpjkis 45 olbcmr ds emblw emblw..

Oka. 9-3 Qjmg tjm kgstdbbmc pdtj ks olugc, ibkif tjm Ilgokr` tl al edif tl tjm sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka.9-9. Sjmg ibkif tjm ”@dgudb kgstdbb‟ kgstdbb‟ tl kgstdbb. Qjmg kgstdbbdtklg ks okgksjmc, tjm sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-= ks ckspbdymc. Ibkif Ibkif ”LF ”LF‟‟ tl okgksj.

54

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-=

9.4.5 Dutl Kgstdbb Ibkif tjm ” Dutl Dutl Kgstdbb‟ Kgstdbb‟ euttlg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-9, tjm prlard` wkbb okgc o kgc tjm kgstdbb pdtj dutl`dtkidbby.. Qjmg kgstdbbdtklg ks okgksjmc, tjm sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-= ks ckspbdymc. dutl`dtkidbby Ibkif ”LF LF‟‟ tl okgksj. Jlwmvmr, tjm kgstdbbdtklg ks glt rmdbby il`pbmtmc tjmg, ds ylu gmmc tl `dfm ilgokaurdtklgs olr tjm IlrmbCUDQ slotwdrm, dotmr tjm ilgokaurdtklg tjm tltdb t ltdb kgstdbbdtklg wkbb em il`pbmtmc, tjmg lpmg IlrmbCUDQ IlrmbCUDQ,, kt kt‚‚bb sjlw ds emblw.

Oka. 9-? Ymbmit ”Lptklgs‟ orl` ”S ”Sllbs‟ llbs‟ kg tjm tllbedr sjlwg kg Oka. 9-? tl mgtmr tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Oka. 9-1.

55

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-1 Kg Oka. 9-1, 9-1, okrst ibkif lg tjm ”_ED‟ ds plkgtmc lut ey tjm drrlw kg tjm bmot, tjmg ijllsm tjm "Cmbdy Bldc _ED" dt tjm elttl`, tjm kgstdbbdtklg ks tjlrluajby il`pbmtmc.

9.5 ]gkgstdbbkga IlrmbCUDQ IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput Cluebm ibkif lg tjm kilg

lo IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput

kgstdbbdtklg slotwdrm olr ugkgstdbb, smbmit ”]gkgstdbb ]gkgstdbb‟‟ dgc ibkif tjm ”gmxt gmxt‟‟ tl ugkgstdbb tjm slotwdrm. Sjm IdrvmGlrGlr olbcmr kg tjm rllt olbcmr lo IlrmbCUDQ dppbkidtklg dgc tjm ILUMBYD_M\GLU olbcmr kg Crdw olbcmr idg em `dgudbby cmbmtmc ko kt wds gmmcmc.

9.9 Kgstdbbkga IDC Ckrmit Lutput Glw tjmrm drm twl IDC Ckrmit lutput slotwdrm dvdkbdebm.  IDC83-8?\_:.9.4.mxm  IDC81-8;\_:.9.4.mxm

IDC83-8?\_:.9.4.mxm ks olr kgstdbbkga lg DutlIDC5883-588?, glw tjm iurrmgt slotwdrm vmrsklg ks _:.9.4– _:.9.4–tjm vmrsklg ks diilrckga wjkij prlard` ylu kgstdbbmc. Sjm vmrsklg ks sjlwg kg tjm kgstdbbkga prlard` gd`m, ds ylu idg smm kg 59

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

IDC83-8?\_:.9.4–tjm vmrsklg ks _:.9.4. IDC81-8;\_:.9.4.mxm ks olr kgstdbbkga lg IDC83-8?\_:.9.4– DutlIDC5881-588;. Cluebm ibkif tjm kilg

, tl ugzkp okbms, tjmg tjm sirmmg sjlwg

kg Oka. 9-: ks ckspbdymc.

Oka. 9-: Ibkif ”Gmxt Gmxt‟‟ tl prlimmc wktj kgstdbbdtklg.

Ymbmit tjm kgstdbbkga bdgaudam

Oka. 9-; Qjmg okgksjmc smbmitkga bdgaudam, ibkif ”…‟ ”…‟ euttlg euttlg tl smbmit tjm kgstdbb pdtj. Sjmg ibkif ”Gmxt Gmxt‟‟ tl stdrt kgstdbbkga, tjm kgstdbbkga sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-48 ks ckspbdymc.

53

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-48 Qjmg tjm kgstdbbdtklg ks okgksj, tjm kgstdbbkga prlard` wkbb em iblsmc dutl`dtkidbby dutl`dtkidbby..

9.3 ]gkgstdbbkga IDC Ckrmit Lutput Ibkif tjm BdsmrS ]gkgstdbb, sjlw ds Oka. 9-44.

Oka. 9-44 Ibkif ”[ms ms‟‟ tl ugkgstdbb kg Oka. 9-45.

Oka. 9-45

5=

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-49

9.= ]YE Crkvmr Kgstdbbdtklg Kgsmrt tjm ]YE Idebm, tjm plwmr lg, Oka. 9-43 wkbb em sjlwg lg tjm Il`putm, dgc tjmg tjm Oka. 9-4= wkbb em sjlwg>

Oka. 9-43

Ymbmit ”Gl, glt tjks tk`m‟ tk`m‟

Ibkif tjm "Gmxt"

Oka. 9-4= 5?

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ibkif tjm "Gmxt", sjlw ds Oka. 9-4?

Ymbmit ‟K ‟Kgstdbb gstdbb orl` d bkst lr spmikoki blidtklg (Dcvdgim)‟‟ (Dcvdgim) Ibkif tjm "Gmxt"

Oka. 9-4? Ibkif tjm "Gmxt", sjlw ds Oka. 9-41.

Ibkif ”Erlwsm Erlwsm‟‟

Ibkif ”Gmxt Gmxt‟‟

Ibkif ”Kgibucm tjks blidtklg kg tjm smdrij‟ smdrij ‟

Oka. 9-41 51

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Erlwsm tl tjm ]YE crkvmr olbcmr ey ibkifkga tjm erlwsm euttlg. Lgim tjm okbm pdtj jds emmg mgtmrmc kg tjm elx, ibkif gmxt tl prlimmc.

Ymbmit tjm crkvmr olbcmr

use

Ibkif LF

Oka. 9-4: Sjm sirmmg sjlwg kg Oka. 9-4; wkbb em ckspbdymc ds Qkgclws ZX ilpkms tjm rmqukrmc crkvmr okbms.

Oka. 9-4; Dotmr okgksjkga, sjlw ds Oka. Oka. 9-58. 5:

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ibkif Okgksj

Oka. 9-58 ]YE crkvmr ùst em kgstdbbmc k gstdbbmc twkim. Umpmdt tjm kgstdbbdtklg stmps delvm lgim dadkg.

9.? ]YE Xlrt Ymttkga Dotmr tjm mgardvkga idrc plwmr lg, ilggmit tjm XI wktj ]YE idebm, tjm il`putmr wkbb dsskag d IL@ plrt tl il`ùgkidtm. Eut wjmg tjm dsskagmc IL@ plrt ks `lrm tjdg IL@:, tjm il`ùgkidtklg wkbb jdvm prlebm`, sl wm gmmc tl ijdgam tjm IL@ plrt guèmr, tjm rdgam ks d`lga IL@9~IL@;.

9.?.4 _kmw tjm dsskagmc IL@ Xlrt ey Il`putmr Mgtmr tjm ilgtrlb pdgmb.

5;

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-54 Cluebm ibkif tjm "Yystm`", sjlw ds Oka. 9-55. 9 -55.

Oka. 9-55

98

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-59 Ibkif tjm cmvkim `dgdam`mgt.

Sjm dsskagmc IL@ plrt

Oka. 9-53 94

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

9.?.5 Ijdgam tjm Dsskagmc IL@ plrt ey Il`putmr Lg Oka. 9-53 ]YE Ymrkdb Xlrt(IL@3) ks tjm dsskagmc IL@ plrt, tjm wdy dgc tjm stmps tjdt ijdgam tjm dsskagmc IL@ plrt drm ds olbblw> Cluebm ibkif ]YE Ymrkdb Xlrt(IL@3), sjlw d wkgclw, skgabm ibkif Xlrt smttkgas, sjlw ds Oka. 9-5=

Oka. 9-5= Ibkif "Dcvdgimc", sjlw d Dcvdgimc Ymttkgas olr IL@3 wkgclw, ijllsm tjm plrt guèmrs lg tjm IL@ Xlrt Guèmr Guèmr,, sjlw ds Oka. 9 9-5?. -5?.

95

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-5? Ibkif "LF", ckspbdy d wkgclw lo Il`ùgkidtklgs Xlrt Xrlpmrtkms, Xr lpmrtkms, ds Oka. 9-51

Oka. 9-51 Ibkif "[ms" tl okgksj.

9.1 KX Ymttkga Mgtmr tjm ilgtrlb pdgmb

99

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-5: Cluebm ibkif gmtwlrf ilggmitklg.

Oka. 9-5; Cluebm ibkif "Blidb Ilggmitklg". 93

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 9-98 Cluebm ibkif SIX/KX smttkga.

Oka. 9-94 9=

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ymbmit ”]sm tjm olbblwkga KX dccrmss‟ dccrmss‟, smt tjm KX, Yuegmt `dsf, Cmodubt adtmwdy, ds emblw okaurm.

Oka. 9-95

9?

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt 3 Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg Aukcm 3.4 IlrmbCUDQ IlrmbCUDQ Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg Lpmg tjm IlrmbCUDQ slotwdrm, sjlw ds Oka. 3-4

Oka. 3-4Dotmr stdrtup, lur prlimsskga euttlgs wkbb em dutl`dtkidbby `lugtmc lg tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Oka. 3-4 ds plkgtmc lut ey tjm drrlw. Dotmr il`pbmtkga tjm okaurm, wm idg ibkif lg tjm ”Bdsmr Idrvm Idrvm‟‟ euttlg ds plkgtmc lut ey tjm drrlw kg Oka. Oka . 3-4 tl sjlw tjm `mgu kg Oka. 3-5.

Oka. 3-5

91

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

3.4.4 Bdymr Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga Kt usms ckoomrmgt ilblrs olr tjm ilgokaurdtklg lo mgardvkga pdrd`mtmrs, ko tjmrm drm k`plrtmc ekt`dps, tjmrm wkbb em kgcmpmgcmgt ekt`dp smttkgas. [lu idg smbmit d imrtdkg ilblr dgc cluebm ibkif lr ibkif ibkif lg euttlg ”Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkgas‟ olr smttkgas lo tjmsm crdwkgas, dgc tjmg tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Oka. 3-9 dgc Oka. 3-3 wkbb em mgtmrmc.

Oka. 3-9

Oka. 3-3 9:

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Sjm twl `lst k`plrtdgt pdrd`mtmr smttkgas drm Lutbkgm lutput dgc Idrvm lutput. Ko gmktjmr lo tjm twl ks smbmitmc, ”lutput cksdebmc‟ wkbb em sjlwg, k.m., gl mgardvkga lutput olr tjks fkgc lo crdwkgas wkbb em idrrkmc lut6 ko eltj drm smbmitmc, cdtd kg tjks ilblr wkbb em prlvkcmc wktj plsskekbkty lo eltj Lutbkgm dgc Idrvm lutput, pdy dttmgtklg tjdt tjmrm ùst em iblsmc crdwkgas olr Idrvm. Ltjmrwksm, smbmit lgm lo tjm` olr lgm lutput ilgcktklg. Xrmiksklg]gkt>> tjm ugkt lo prmiksklg lo mgardvkga. Xrmiksklg]gkt CXK(clts/kgij)> clts pmr kgij CX@(clts/``)> clts pmr `kbbk`mtmr Ypmmc]gkt>> tjm wlrf spmmc dgc tjm ormm spmmc ugkt. Ypmmc]gkt `/`kgutm> `mtmr pmr `kgutm ``/s> `kbbk`mtmr pmr smilgc XUK> Ks usmc olr smttkga tjm mgardvkga lrcmr lo ckoomrmgt ilblrs, tjm s`dbbmr XUK, tjm XUK> mdrbkmr tl em mxplrtmc, dgc vkim vmrsd. Sjlsm drm il``lg smttkgas ilblrs.dgc ”Lutbkgm‟ ”Idrv m‟ `mgus ilrrmsplgckga tl smttkgas olrolr Lutbkgm Idrvm.dgc Olr”Idrvm Lutbkgm, tjmrm drm drm rmspmitkvmby smttkgas olr mgardvkga omdturms kgibuckga spmmc, plwmr kgtmgskty mti., olr clts, tjm clttkga tk`m smttkgas drm dbsl dvdkbdebm6 dgc tjm smttkgas olr Idrvm olbblw tjm sd`m wdy wdy.. Qjmg tjm ijmif elx lo ”cmodubt‟ ks smbmitmc, gl gmmc tl smt tjm plwmr kgtmgskty dgc spmmc dgc tjm cmodubt vdbums lo tjm `dijkgm wkbb em dclptmc6 smttkgas olr plwmr kgtmgskty dgc spmmc drm lgby dvdkbdebm kg idsm tjm ijmif elx lo ”cmodubt‟ ks glt smbmitmc. Xdrd`mtmrs cmsirkptklg> Lutput> Qjmg smbmitmc, mgardvkga lutput olr crdwkgas kg tjm iurrmgt ilblr wkbb em Lutput> idrrkmc lut. @kg. Xlwmr> Qjmg Xlwmr> Qjmg strlfkga iurvms, tjks plwmr kgtmgskty dppbkmc olr bkgm stdrt dgc tjm ilrgmr lo tjm iurvm .Lr kt dppbkmc olr tjm tlp cmptj wjmg ardckmgt idrvkga. Sjm rdgam ks 8.88-488.88% (@kg.Xlwmr4 ks smttkga olr `kg plwmr lo bdsmr4, @kg. Xlwmr5 ks smttkga olr `kg plwmr lo bdsmr5. @dx. plwmr ks sk`kbdr). @dx. Xlwmr> Qjmg Xlwmr> Qjmg strlfkga iurvms, tjks plwmr kgtmgskty ks dppbkmc ds tjm wlrf spmmc wds rmdijmc. Lr kt dppbkmc olr tjm elttl` cmptj wjmg ardckmgt idrvkga. Sjm rdgam ks 8.88-488.88%. Ko tjm ks mbelw tll cmmp, kt `mdgs tjm @kg. plwmr kgtmgskty ks lg tjm jkaj skcm lr tjm spmmc ks lg tjm blw skcm. Qjmg ardckmgt idrvkga ks idrrkmc lut, tjm `kg plwmr ùst glt em smt ekaamr tjdg 98%, tjm `dx plwmr idg em smt ekaamr ekaamr,, olr amttkga d emttmr cmarmm lo ardckmgt idrvkga moomit. Sjm ardckmgt rdga ks 8-9``. Qlrf Ypmmc> Sjm wlrf spmmc lo tjm bdsmr jmdc ks iuttkga. Sjm rdga ks 8.888 tl Dxks Z,[ bk`kt spmmc. 9;

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ormm spmmc> Sjm spmmc> Sjm `lvm spmmc lo bdsmr jmdc wjmg tjm bdsmr ks loo. jm rdga ks 8.888 tl Dxks Z,[ bk`kt spmmc. spmmc. Cmodubt> Ko smbmitmc, pdrd`mtmrs bkfm plwmr kgtmgskty dgc spmmc mti. wkbb em kg Cmodubt> diilrcdgim wktj wjdt ckspbdymc lg tjm `dijkgm. Lpmg/Iblsm cmbdy> lpmg cmbdy> lpmg cmbdy ks dppbkmc olr tjm jmdc lo tjm iuttkga bkgm. Dgc tjm iblsm cmbdy ks dppbkmc ol tjm tdkb lo tjm iuttkga bkgm. Sjm rdgam ks 8-4=s. Lpmg Dkr> wjmg Dkr> wjmg lpmg dkr ijmif elx ks ibkif, tjm eblw dkr skagdb ks ditkvm wjmg wlrf ks stdrt. Sjmrm ks twl wdys lo eblw dkr, lgm ks tjm eblw dkr skagdb ks dbwdys ditkvm. Sjm ltjmr ks wjmg bdsmr ks lg tjm eblw dkr skagdb ks ditkvm ltjmrwksm glt ditkvm. ^\Dxks@lvmYkzm(``)> tjm `lvkga ckstdgim lo bkot dxks emolrm wlrf stdrt. Qjmg wlrf ks okgksj bkot dxks `lvm edif tl tjm lrkakgdb plsktklg. Sjm stmps tl mgdebm tjm dutl`dtki bkotkga ougitklg ks emblw> Ibkif tjm DxksIlgtrlb euttlg dt tjm elttl`, tjmg smbmit tjm Dbblw\zDxks.,dgc smt tjm YmbmitDxks ds ^, ibkif LF tl edif tl tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkga kgtmrodim, glw kt ks debm tl `lckoy tjm ^\Dxks@lvmYkzm. Dttmgtklg> Sjks ougitklg ks usm tl tjm idsm lo iuttkga tjm `dtmrkdb wktj vdrklus tjkifgmss. Ey dcnustkga tjm plsktklg lo bdsmr rmdij.jmdc, tl `dfm tjm bdsmr jmdc `lvm tl tjm plsktklg lo tjm bdsmr olidb bmgatj ks Jkt\plkgt> olr jkt plkgt lr crkbb lg `dtmrkdb. Okrstby ibkif tjm ”Jkt\Xlkgt Jkt\plkgt> olr Jkt\Xlkgt‟‟ ijmif elx. Sjmg smt tjm Xlkgt\Kgtmrvdb– Xlkgt\Kgtmrvdb–kgtmrvdb emtwmmg clts– clts–dgc tjm Jkt\Sk`m– Jkt\Sk`m–bdsmr lg tk`mr, ugkt ks smilgc. Yplt Il`pmg.> Yplt il`pmgsdtklg ks olr il`pmgsdtkga tjm skzm blsm rmsubtkga orl` tjm splt ks tll ùij eka. Sjm ugkt ks ``. Umsmdu> Kg tjm idrvm pdam, kt idg smt tjm mgardvkga `lcm tl rmsmdu `lcm. Sjm rmsmdu Umsmdu> Kg `lc ks suktdebm olr iblsmc vmitlr ardpjkis.wjmg tjm Lpmg\Umsmdu ijmif elx ks smbmitmc, tjrmm pdrd`mtmrs emblw idg em smt> 

Xdttmrg> Ulugc, Yqudrm, Srkdgabm  Kgtmrvdb(``)> Kgtmrvdb emtwmmg clts  Ykzm(``)> tjm skzm lo clts. Qjmg tjm pdttmrg ks rlugc, tjm skzm ks tjm bmgatj l loo

ckd`mtmr. Qjmg tjm pdttmrg ks squdrm, kt ks bmgatj lo mcam. Qjmg pdttmrg ks trkdgabm, tk ks tjm mcam lo mxtmrgdb rmitdgabm lo trkdgabm. Idrvm `mtjlc>  Z\]gkbdtmrdbks`> M Mgardvkga gardvkga orl` lgm jlrkzlgtdb s skcm, kcm, wjm wjmg g `lvm kgvmrsmby ,tjm

bdsmr ks loo. Kt idg mbk`kgdtm edifbdsj dgc tjm prlimsskga moomit ks allc, eut tjm prlimsskga tk`m ks blgamr. blgamr.  Z\Ekckrmitklgd(rmil``mgcmc)>

Mgardvkga orl` eltj jlrkzlgtdb skcms. Sjm prlimsskga tk`m ks sjlrt. Eut emidusm tjm `dijkgm amgmrdbby mxkst edifbdsj bmdcs tl cksblidtklg. Dt tjks tk`m ylu gmmc tl smt up d edifbdsj lr edifbdsj bkst. 38

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

 [\]gkbdtmrdbks`> M Mgardvkga gardvkga orl` lgm vmrtkidb skcm, wjmg `lvm kg kgvmrsmby vmrsmby ,tjm bdsmr

ks loo. Kt idg mbk`kgdtm edifbdsj dgc tjm prlimsskga moomit ks allc, eut tjm prlimsskga tk`m ks blgamr. blgamr.  [\Ekckrmitklgdb> Mgardvkga orl` eltj vmrtkidb skc skcms. ms. Sj Sjm m prlims prlimsskga skga tk`m ks sjlrt.

Eut emidusm tjm `dijkgm amgmrdbby mxkst edifbdsj bmdcs tl cksblidtklg. Dt tjks tk`m ylu gmmc tl smt up d edifbdsj lr edifbdsj bkst. Ardckmgt(``)> tjm ardckmgt bmgatj lo ardckmgt mgardvkga, ds sjlwg kg okaurm emblw. Ardckmgt(``)> tjm Qjmg idrry lut ardckmgt mgardvkga, tjm tlp cmptj ks cmtmr`kgmc ey tjm `kg plwmr plwmr.. Sjm bdramr tjm `kg plwmr, tjm cmmpmr tjm tlp cmptj. Sjm Cmptj orl` tlp tl elttl` ks cmtmr`kgmc ey tjm `dx plwmr. Sjm bdramr tjm `dx plwmr, tjm cmmpmr tjm cmptj. Sjm ardckmgt bmgatj cmtmr`kgms tjm ckstdgim orl` tjm tlp tl tjm elttl`, tjm armdtmr tjm ckstdgim, tjm sblpm `lrm obdt.

Oka. 3-= Xrmiksklg> tjm prmiksklg lo mgardvkga. Sjm ugkt ks CXK lr C@X. Kt `mdgs jlw `dgy Xrmiksklg> bkgms wkbb em prlimssmc pmr kgij lr pmr `kbbk`mtmr. Olr mxd`pbm, =88 CXK `mdgs kt wkbb prlimss 58 bkgms wktjkg 4 `kbbk`mtmr bmgatj. Sjm armdtmr tjm prmiksklg vdbum, tjm cmmpmr tjm mgardvmc cmptj. UmvmrsmUmpdkr> usm tl il`pmgsdtm tjm edifbdsj lo tjm `dijkgm. Sjm cmeua stmp ks UmvmrsmUmpdkr> usm ds olbblws.  Crdw tjrmm = =8Z=8 8Z=8 rmit rmitdgabm dgabm kg Il IlrmbCUD rmbCUDQ, Q, s smbmit mbmit tjm idrv idrvm m lutput ij ijmif mif elx kg

pdrd`mtmr smttkga wkgclw. Dgc smt prmiksklg ds 5 CXK, UmvmrsmUmpdkr ds 8. Sjmg lutput tjm okbm tl ilgtrlb idrc.  Sjm ditudb prlimsskga m moomit oomit ks s sk`kbdr k`kbdr tl tjm okaurm emblw emblw.. Sjm bmga bmgatj tj lo okrst bkg bkgm m

dgc smilgc bkgm cksblidtklg kg tjm `kccbm rmitdgabm ks tjm il`pmgsdtmc bmgatj. Amgmrdbby kt ks gmadtkvm, diilrckga tl tjm mgardvkga moomit tl smt kt. Ds tjm okaurm sjlwg emblw, emblw, tjm bbmgatj mgatj ks -8.5``. Yl tjm UmvmrsmUmpdkr ks -8.5.

Oka. 3-? 34

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

 Qjmg okgksj smttkga tjm UmvmrsmUmpdkr UmvmrsmUmpdkr,, smt tjm dpprlprkdtm vdbum lo `dx plwmr plwmr

dgc prmiksklg. Amgmrdbby, ?8Q IL5 bdsmr, =9.= Olius bmgs, 9=8CXK ks rmil``mgcmc. Sjm armdtmr tjm prmiksklg, tjm blgamr tjm mgardvkga tk`m. KgtmrvdbBkst> smbmit tjm ]smBkst ijmif elx tjmg tjm KgtmrvdbBkst smttkga ks dppbkmc tl tjm KgtmrvdbBkst> smbmit mgardvkga okbm. Kg tjks idsm, tjm UmvmrsmUmpdkr ks usmbmss. Sjm ougitklg lo KgtmrvdbBkst ks sk`kbdr tl tjm UmvmrsmUmpdkr, usm tl dcnust tjm mgardvkga moomit. Kg tjm bkst lo KgtmrvdbBkst, kt idg smt tjm edifbdsj kg ckoomrmgt spmmc. Emidusm lo wlrfkga kg ckoomrmgt spmmc, tjm edifbdsj ks ckoomrmgt. Sjm armdtmr spmmc, tjm ekaamr tjm edifbdsj.

Dotmr tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas, tjm mgardvkga lutput idg em idrrkmc lut, tjm systm` wkbb rm`mèmr tjm bdst pdrd`mtmr smttkgas tl dvlkc rmpmdtmc pdrd`mtmr smttkgas. Olr kgstdgim, ko ylu smt tjm rmc lutput plwmr kgtmgskty dt (=8%, spmmc dt 58%, gl mrrlr il`pmgsdtklg dgc XUK dt 4), tjm sd`m smttkga wkbb em dppbkmc olr tjm usm lo tjm ilblr rmc (ko dgy) olr tjm gmxt tk`m.

3.4.5 Illrckgdtm Ymttkga Diilrckga Diilrckga tl ditudb sktudtklg, nust ibkif lg tjm ”Illrckgdtm‟ euttlg kg Oka. O ka. 3-5 tl mgtmr tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Oka. 3-1. Ko tjm `dijkgm jl`kga tl tjm uppmr rkajt, smbmit Ukajt-S Ukajt-Slp lp kg tjm arlup lo illrckgdtm.

Oka. 3-1 35

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Sjmrm ks ; blidtklg idg ijllsm. Ko ylu smt tjm blidtklg kg uppmr rkajt, tjm lutput okbm wkbb em prlimssmc kg tjm blwmr bmot skcm lo tjm bdsmr jmdc. Ds sjlwg kg Oka. 3-:. Bdsmr jmdc

Oka. 3-:

3.4.9 Srdif Ymttkga Ibkif tjm ”SrdifYmt SrdifYmt‟‟ euttlg kg Oka. 3-5, d trdif smttkga wkgclw wkbb em sjlwg. Kt idg smt tjm iuttkga lrcmr dgc tjm iuttkga stdrt plkgt lo tjm bkgm kg ckoomrmgt sjdpm lr bdymr. Ds sjlwg kg Oka. 3-;.

Oka. 3-;. IlblrBdymr>   Ymbmit tjm ilblr bdymr guèmr ylu wdgt tl dcnust. Kt wkbb ckspbdy dbb tjm IlblrBdymr> sjdpms kg tjks bdymr kg tjm uppmr bmot wkgclw. Yjdpm> Mdij Yjdpm> Mdij sjdpm jds d smrkdb guèmr. Kt `mdgs kts prlimssmc lrcmr kg tjks bdymr. 39

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Ymbmit d smrkdb guèmr kg tjm sjdpm crlp-clwg elx. Sjmg tjm sjdpm wktj tjks guèmr wkbb em ckspbdymc kg tjm uppmr rkajt wkgclw. Dgc tjm rmc drrlw sjlws tjm stdrt prlimss plkgt dgc tjm ckrmitklg lo iuttkga. Yjlw Lrcmr> Lrcmr> Ymbmit sjlw lrcmr ijmif elx. Sjm smrkdb guèmr lo tjm sjdpm wkbb em sjlwg skcm ey tjm sjdpm kg tjm uppmr bmot wkgclw. Dutl Lrcmr> Lrcmr> ibkif tjm dutl lrcmr euttlg, tjm prlard` wkbb dutl`dtkidbby lptk`kzmc iuttkga slrt dbb sjdpms. Ytmp> Ypmikoy tjm stdrt prlimsskga plkgt lo tjm sjdpm. Sjm ugkt ks tjm bkgm guèmr. Ytmp> Qjmg smt tjm stmp ds 4, ibkif tjm ”YtdrtXls YtdrtXls‟‟ euttlg lgim, tjm stdrt prlimsskga plkgt wkbb `lvm olrwdrc 4 bkgm sma`mgt lg iuttkga ckrmitklg. Ymqumgim> Ypmikoy tjm prlimss lrcmr lo tjm smbmit sjdpm. Ymt tjm prlpmr vdbum lo Ymqumgim> smqumgim, tjmg ibkif lf euttlg. Dt tjks tk`m, tjm uppmr bmot wkgclw wkbb ckspbdy tjm gmw prlimsskga lrcmr lo sjdpms (tjm Yjlw Lrcmr ijmif elx ks smbmitmc). Mgtmr Bkgm> Qjmg Bkgm> Qjmg Ymbmitmc tjm mgtmr Bkgm ijmif elx, dg mxtmgsklg bkgm wkbb em dccmc emolrm tjm sjdpm. Kt ks usmc tl dvlkc tjm bdsmr bkajt ks glt stdebm, bmdc tl prlimsskga prlebm`s. Ymt kgtl tjm dgabm dgc bmgatj lo mgtmr bkgm, ibkif lf euttlg emblw tl il`pbmtm smttkga. Lut Bkgm> Qjmg Ymbmitmc tjm mgtmr Bkgm ijmif elx, dg mxtmgsklg bkgm wkbb em dccmc dotmr tjm sjdpm. Kt ks usmc tl dvlkc bdsmr eurg twkim dt tjm sd`m pbdim lo tjm stdrt plsktklg lo iblsm sjdpm, bmdc tl lvmriut prlebm`. Ymt kgtl tjm dgabm dgc bmgatj lo lut bkgm, ibkif lf euttlg emblw tl il`pbmtm smttkga. Amgmrdbby, tjm mgtmr bkgm dgc tjm lut bkgm b kgm ks bmss tjdg 48``. Qjmg okgksj smttkga, ibkif tjm lf euttlg kg rkajt elttl` tl sdvm tjm ilgokaurm.

3.4.3 Ykgabm Dxks Lpmrdtklg Ibkif tjm ” DxksIlgtrlb‟ DxksIlgtrlb‟ euttlg kg Oka. 3-5, d trdif smttkga wkgclw wkbb em sjlwg. Kt idg smpdrdtmby lpmrdtm tjm skgabm dxks `lvkga, sjlw ds Oka. 3-48> 3 -48>

33

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-48 Okrstby smbmit tjm il` plrt wjkij ks tjm ]YE plrt cmsirkemc kg smitklg 9.?. Sjmg smbmit tjm dxkskgylu wdgtmckt tl `lvm. `lvm @lvmYkzm mckt elx dgc tjm `lvm spmmc Ypmmc elx. KoYmt ylutjm gmmc tjmckstdgim bdsmr lg,kgsmt tjm bdsmr plwmr kg Xlwmr mckt elx dgc smbmit tjm LpmgBdsmr ijmif elx. Ibkif Mxmiutm euttlg tl `lvm. Ko ylu wdgt tjm dxks `lvm tl tjm rmvmrsm ckrmitklg, smt d gmadtkvm vdbum kg tjm @lvmYkzm mckt elx.

3.4.= Lutput Mgardvm Dotmr Dotmr tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas, ibkif lg ”lutput‟ tl mgtmr Oka. Ok a. 3-4 3- 44

Oka. 3-44 3=

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrd`mtmr cmsirkptklg> Lut Ulws> Sjm Ulws> Sjm rlws lo tjm lutput sjdpm. Lut Ilbu`gs> Sjm Ilbu`gs> Sjm Ilbu`gs lo tjm lutput sjdpm. Ey cmodut, tjm rlw dgc ilbu`g ks 4,kt 4,k t `mdgs tjm sjdpm wkbb em prlimssmc lgim. Ulw Kgtmrvdb (``)> Sjm (``)> Sjm kgtmrvdb skzm lo rlw. Sjm ugkt ks ``. Ilbu`gs Kgtmrvdb (``)> Sjm (``)> Sjm kgtmrvdb skzm lo ilbu`g. Sjm ugkt ks ``. OmmckgaSk`ms> Dotmr okgksj lgm prlimss, tjm `dijkgm idg ommc lgim. Sjm ommckga tk`ms pdrd`mtmr cmtmr`kgms jlw `dgy tk`m kt wkbb ommc. OmmckgaXmrYkzm(``)> tjm OmmckgaXmrYkzm(``)> tjm ommckga bmgatj. Ommckga cmbdy> Sjm cmbdy> Sjm cmbdy tk`m dotmr ommckga. Sjm ]gkt ks smilgc. Dttmgtklg> Sjmsm pdrd`mtmrs delvm drm dppbkmc tl drrdy prlimss lr rmpmdt prlimss. Jmrm, tjm rlw dgc tjm ilbu`g ks drrdy pdrd`mtmrs. Ko rlw ks 5 dgc ilbu`g ks 4, tjmg 5Z4 drrdy wlrf okbm wkbb em lutputtmc. Sjm rlw r lw kgtmrvdb cmtmr`kgms tjm ckstdgim emtwmmg twl rlws. Sjm OmmckgaXmrYkzm, ilbu`gs kgtmrvdb cmtmr`kgms ckstdgim emtwmmg twl ilbu`gs. Ommckga Sk`ms, OmmckgaXmrYkz m, Ommckga cmbdy tjm ks dppbkmc tl tjm `dijkgm wktj ommckga mqukp`mgt. Ommckga Sk`ms ks rmpmdt wlrf pdrd`mtmrs. Ibkif tjm ”77 77‟‟ euttlg olr `lrm drrdy smttkga. Ds sjlwg kg okaurm emblw, kt idg smt tjm tdebm skzm– skzm–tdebm wkctj dgc bmgatj, wlrf stdrt plsktklg, rlw, ilbu`g, rlw kgtmrvdb, ilbu`g kgtmrvdb. Ibkif tjm K`plrt euttlg lr Dutl-okbbmc euttlg tl prmvkmw. prmvkmw. Ibkif lf ttl l sdvm ilgokaurm.

Oka. 3-45 3?

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Srdgsbdtm @lcm> Sjm @lcm> Sjm il`ùgkidtklg `lcm olr clwgbldc okbm orl` il`putmr tl ilgtrlb ilg trlb idrc. Ko ]YE `lcm ks smbmitmc, kt idg smbmit tjm il` plrt kg tjm crlp-clwg elx– elx –ilrrmsplgckga tl tjm vksudb smrkdb plrt irmdtmc kg tjm Cmvkim @dgdamr lo tjm il`putmr.. Ko Gmtwdrm `lcm ks smbmitmc, kt idg smbmit tjm KX lo tjm `dijkgm ylu wdgt tl il`putmr clwgbl clw gbldc dc okbm tl. Lr yl ylu ui idg dg sm smtt i ibki bkif f ttjm jm

eut euttlg tlg tl dc dcc cl lrr ` `lck lckoy oy tjm KX dccrms dccrmss sl loo

tjm `dijkgm. Ko tjm ilgtrlb idrc ks id`mrd iuttkga idrc wktj tjm vmrsklg ks _.B848.ZZZ, tjmg tjm IIC @lcm ijmif elx ùst em smbmitmc. Ltjmrwksm, tjm lutput okbm wkbb glt em kcmgtkokmc ey e y tjm idrc. Xdtj>  Yjlrtmst pdtj> Sjm pdtj> Sjm prlard` wkbb dutl`dtkidbby idbiubdtm tjm sjlrtmst iuttkga pdtj

lo tjm lutput sjdpms. Sjm olbblwkga lptklgs idg em smt.  Qlrf stdrtkga pls.> pls.>   bdsmr jmdc wlrf stdrtkga plsktklg (Bmot-Slp, Bmot-Emblw,

Ukajt-Slp, Ukajt-Emblw).  Ilgvmramgim plkgt> Sjm cdtd jdgcbm emtwmmg mgckga plsktklg lo tjm iurrmgt

sjdpm dgc stdrtkga plsktklg lo gmxt sjdpm. plkgt> Sjm ckstdgim orl` mgckga plsktklg lo iurrmgt sjdpm tl  Sjm stdrtkga plkgt> Sjm stdrtkga plsktklg lo gmxt sjdpm ks sjlrtmst. Sjm ormm o rmm `lvm tk`m ks sjlrtmst.  Y`lltj stdrtkga plkgt> Ymbmit plkgt> Ymbmit tjm lptk`db stdrtkga plsktklg lo gmxt sjdpm

tl rmdbkzm s`lltj `lvkga, dvlkc sjdfm lr cksblidtklg  Lrkakgdb stdrtkga plkgt> gl plkgt> gl ijdgam tjm stdrtkga plsktklg lo tjm sjdpm.  Yue-bdymr lptk`kzdtklg> Okrst lptk`kzdtklg> Okrst diilrckga tl bdymr lrcmr tl slrt. Sjmg lptk`kzm

tjm iuttkga lrcmr kgskcm tjm bdymr bdymr..  Orl` tjm kgskcm lut> lut> Ko tjm sjdpms jdvm tjm ilgtdkg`mgt rmbdtklgsjkp, tjm

kgskcm sjdpm wkbb em iut okrst. Sjks audrdgtmm wkbb glt jdppmg iuttkga mrrlr lr `ksskga iuttkga.  Lrkakgdb Xdtj> Glt Xdtj> Glt lptk`kzm tjm pdtj, uskga crdwkga lrcmr.  Jlrk. ]gkckrmitklgdb> ]gkckrmitklgdb> iuttkga orl` lgm jlrkzlgtdb ckrmitklg olr drrdy prlimss (S

sjdpm).  Ek-bmvmb> iuttkga orl` ekbdtmrdb jlrkzlgtdb ckrmitklg olr drrdy prlimss (Y sjdpm).  Ulw> Qjmg tjm smbmit tjm Jlr. ]gkckrmitklgdb lr Ek-bmvmb, kt idg smt tjm Ulw

pdrd`mtmr. Kt `mdgs tjm wkctj lo tjm pdrtktklg lptk`kzdtklg. Ko ylu wdgt tl iut tjm sjdpms wktjkg 488`` rdgam, smt tjm rlw ks 488``. Yl tjm `dijkgm wkbb jdvm iut dbb tjm sjdpms wktj 488`` rlw skzm, tjmg kt `lvms tl iut gmxt sjdpm wktjkg gmxt rlw. @mram dcndimgt> smt tjks `mramc rdgam sl tjdt twl bkgm wkbb em `mramc kgtl d bkgm ko 31

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

tjmy `mmt tjm rmqukrm`mgts. Sjks ks jmbpoub tl rmcuim tjm glcms wktjkg d sjdpm dgc `dfm tjm glt iblsmc ardpj tl iblsmc ardpj. IblsmcUmpdkr> Ymt tjm il`pmgsdtmc bkgm bmgatj olr il`pmgsdtkga tjm prlimss mrrlr IblsmcUmpdkr> Ymt bmdcmc ey tjm `mijdgkidb pdrts. Sjks ks jmbpoub tl `dfm tjm glt iblsmc ardpj tl iblsmc ardpj. Cksblidtklg trmdt`mgt> pjmgl`mglg.

Olr

dvlkckga

iblsmc

ardpj

prlimsskga

cksblidtklg

Loosmt rmpdkr> Qjmg ommckga, `dtmrkdb wkbb smgc pdrtkdb cum tl `mijdgkidb `lvm`mgt. Loosmt rmpdkr pdrd`mtmr ks usmc tl ilrrmit tjm ommckga mrrlr. Sjm ugkt ks %, tjm armdtmr tjm vdbum ylu smt, tjm armdtmr tjm il`pmgsdtklg. Ypbkt ommc> Ko tjm ardpj ks sl blga, kt gmmcs tl spbkt ommc. Ymt tjm spbkt bmgatj. Dgc tjm ardpj wktjkg tjm spbkt bmgatj rdgam wkbb glt em spbkt. @dfm surm tjm ck`mgsklg lo tjm bmgatj ks glt armdtmr tjdg [, ltjmrwksm kt wkbb em olrimc tl spbkt. ]gcmr tjm spmikokmc bmgatj, iuttkga lut d bdylut lo tjm ardpjkis, dgc tjmg ommc, dgc tjmg iuttkga tjm gmxt bdylut lo tjm ardpjkis. Amgmrdbby, tjm spbkt bmgatj ks bmgatj lo tjm blgamst ardpjki. Kg tjm elttl` lo tjm wkgclw wkgclw,, tjmrm drm sl`m euttlgs. Sjm cmsirkptklg ks olbblwkga> QlrfSk`m> Xrmckitkga tjm prlimsskga tk`m. YpmmcIlrrmit> Ibkif kt tjmg kt sjlws d spmmc smttkga wkgclw. YpmmcIlrrmit> Ibkif wkgclw. Ymt tjm spmmc bk`kt wjmg iuttkga tjm bkttbm ardpj. Kt ks usmoub tl dvlkc sjdfm.

Oka. 3-49

3:

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

LutOrlÒkbm> Clwgbldc tjm *.lut wlrf okbm tl ilgtrlb idrc. Ydvm> Amgmrdtm Ydvm> Amgmrdtm d wlrf okbm orl` iurrmgt crdwkga dgc sdvm tjm wlrf okbm kg il`putmr il`putmr.. Lutput> Ibkif kt dgc d wkgclw ks sjlwg. Cli gd`m ks dsskagmc ey tjm prlard`, idg em Lutput> Ibkif `lckokmc. Xrmss ”LF LF‟‟ tl clwgbldc okbm tl ilgtrlb idrc. Dotmr tjm il`pbmtklg lo tjm trdgsomr trdgsomr, , ilgtrlb emmp lg. ktXrmss Okbm euttlg idrc pdgmb, ylu wkbb okgc tjm clwgbldcmc okbm idrc dt tjmwkbb bdst. Ymbmit dgc prmss ”stdrt stdrt‟‟lg tl tjm prlimss. Mxkt> Iblsm tjm lutput wkgclw wkgclw..

Oka. 3-43

3.5 Sjm Mqukp`mgt @dgdam`mgt Sjks smitklg cmsirkems tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas lo tjm bdsmr mgardvkga slotwdrm dgc tjm lpmrdtklg lo tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkga slotwdrm. Sjmsm smttkgas drm vmry k`plrtdgt emidusm tjm pdrd`mtmrs lo tjm `dijkgm wkbb cmikcm tjm wlrfkga stdtus lo tjm mgardvmr, tjmrmolrm, pbmdsm rmdc idrmoubby tjks ijdptmr dgc cl glt `dfm dgy ijdgam emolrm ylu il`pbmtmby ugcmrstdgc tjm `mdgkgas lo dbb tjm pdrd`mtmrs pdrd`mtmrs.. Mgtmr tjm `dijkgm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas wjmg ibkifkga lg tjm ”Mqukp`mgt @dgdam‟ kg Oka Oka.. 3-4 delvm.

Oka. 3-4= 3;

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Sjm mqukp`mgt pdrd`mtmrs drm tjm ilrm smttkgas lo tjm mgardvmr, tjm usmr gmmcs glt tl `lckoy tjm` kg glr`db idsms, ko tjm `lckokidtklg ks gmimssdry gmimssdry,, pbmdsm prmpdrm d edifup olr ilrrmit pdrd`mtmrs kg dcvdgim, ko tjm mqukp`mgt idgglt wlrf glr`dbby dotmr tjm `lckokidtklg, ylu idg rmwrktm tjm edifup cdtd kgtl tjm mgardvmr mgardvmr.. Lpmg tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas `mgu (Oka. 3-4?〄3-41). Sjks slotwdrm ougitklgs tl `dfm smttkgas olr tjm mqukp`mgt pdrd`mtmrs lo S Slpwkscl` lpwkscl` bdsmr mgardvkga slotwdrm.

3.5.4 Sllbedr Sjmrm drm 9 euttlgs kg tjm tllb edr

, rmspmitkvmby

rmprmsmgtkga> oditlry smttkgas, lpmg okbm, sdvm okbm dgc mxkt. Oditlry Ymttkgas> Umomrmgim vdbums lr bk`kt vdbums olr tjm pdrd`mtmrs smt ey tjm oditlry,, tjm usmr idgglt `lckoy ttjm oditlry jm oditlry smttkgas eut idg usm us m tjm` ds rmomrmgim. Lpmg Okbm> Lpmgs tjm t jm edifup pdrd`mtmr okbms sdvmc kg tjm il`putmr il`putmr.. Ydvm Okbm> Ydvms iurrmgt pdrd`mtmrs tl d okbm. o kbm.

3.5.5 Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga Ymm Okaurm Oka.3-4? olr tjm oditlry smttkgas

=8

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-4? Xlrt> Kt Xlrt> Kt‚‚s tjm il`ùgkidtklg kgtmrodim emtwmmg tjm il`putmr dgc tjm mqukp`mgt, wjkij ks rmdbkzmc vkd tjm plrt, gd`mby, tjm k`dam kgolr`dtklg dgc tjm mqukp`mgt pdrd`mtmrs lg tjm il`putmr drm dr m trdgs`kttmc tl tjm mqukp`mgt vkd tjm plrt. Slpwkscl` bdsmr mgardvkga slotwdrm dclpts ]YE kgtmrodim lr gmtwlrf olr tjm ilggmitklg wktj tjm il`putmr. KX> Ymt tjm ilgtrlb idrc KX. Gmtwdrm `lcm> usm `lcm> usm gmtwlrf tl il`ùgkidtklg. IIC `lcm> olr Id`mrd iuttkga ilgtrlb idrc. Umdc> Umdc tjm pdrd`mtmrs sdvmc kg tjm mqukp`mgt dgc ckspbdy tjm vdbums tl tjm usmr Umdc> Umdc olr rmomrmgim. Ko ylu gmmc tl `lckoy tjm pdrd`mtmrs, ylu ùst rmdc tjm pdrd`mtmrs kg tjm mqukp`mgt lr lpmg tjm pdrd`mtmr okbms dbrmdcy sdvmc okrst, dgc tjmg `lckoy tjm pdrd`mtmrs (Ko rmdc odkburm, pbmdsm ijmif ko il`putmr ks ilggmitmc tl ilgtrlb idrc ey tjm ]YE idebm lr gmtwlrf idebm). Qrktm> Qrktm tjm pdrd`mtmr vdbums smt ey tjm usmr kgtl tjm mqukp`mgt (dutjlrkzkga ilcm Qrktm> Qrktm prlvkcmc ey tjm `dguoditurm ks rmqukrmc> S^8884), dgc tjmg tjm mqukp`mgt wkbb lpmrdtm diilrckga tl tjm pdrd`mtmrs wrkttmg kgtl kt. Qjmg tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas lo tjm mqukp`mgt mqukp`m gt ks glt il`pbmtmc, ibkif lg tjks euttlg, dgc tjm t jm ”Yl`m Cdtd ks Kgvdbkcdtm‟ wkbb =4

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

em sjlwg kg tjm stdtus edr dt tjm elttl`, tjm pdrd`mtmrs idgglt em wrkttmg kgtl tjm `dijkgm. Ibmdr> Emskcms tjm crlp-clwg elx lptklg, tjm rmst lo tjm pdrd`mtmr vdbum wkbb em smt tl Ibmdr> Emskcms gubb, wjkij ks gl pdrd`mtmr vdbums. ‶ S lpwkscl` slotwdrm usmsplrt, smrkdb plrts olr wrktkga dgc usm rmdckga, tjmrmolrm, lo Slpwkscl` slotwdrm ks uskga d smrkdb ltjmr slotwdrm idgglt tjks smrkdb plrt. lgim d fkgc

Mqukp`mgt Sypm> typm lo tjm usmc `dijkgm. Sjmrm drm `dkgby amgmrdb mgardvmrs dgc erdgc mgardvmrs. Lpmg\ilvmr sdomaudrc> sdomaudrc> Ko [ms ks smbmitmc, wjmgmvmr tjm ilvmr ks lpmg ey usmr, `dijkgm wkbb stdrt tjm sdomty prltmitkvm `mdsurms, tl pdusm wlrfkga. Kg tjm idsm lo mqukp`mgt wktj sdomty prltmitklg, wjkij cl glt usm tjm lpmg prltmitklg, usmr idg dbsl wkbb smt tjm Lpmg\ilvmr sdomaudrc pdrd`mtmr ds "Gl". Yuij ds tmst mqukp`mgt, tmst prlimss, eut tjks lpmrdtklg ùst em pmrolr`mc ey tjm prlomssklgdbs, amgmrdbby clg't rmil``mgc iustl`mrs tl usm. Bdsmr Sypm> Ymbmit Sypm> Ymbmit prlpmr bdsmr cmvkim typm diilrckga tl tjm bdsmr cmvkim usmc ey tjm `dijkgm. XQ@ Ormqumgiy> Ormqumgiy> K.m., tjm plwmr kgtmgskty ormqumgiy lo tjm bdsmr tuem, tjks vdbum ckoomrs diilrckga tl ckoomrmgt typms lo tjm bdsmr tuems6 pbmdsm ilgsubt tjm kgstruitklgs olr tjm bdsmr tuem olr cmtdkbs. Bmdst Bkajt> Sjm Bkajt> Sjm `kg. cuty rdtkl supplrtmc ey ttjm jm mgardvmr mgardvmr.. @lst Bkajt> Sjm `dx. cuty rdtkl r dtkl supplrtmc ey tjm mgardvmr mgardvmr.. Bdsmr Lpmg/Iblsm Cmbdy> tjm Cmbdy> tjm cmbdy pdrd`mtmr smt tl dvlkc tjm ugmvmg mcams lo tjm okrst Lutbkgm dgc tjm bdst Lutbkgm wjmg tjm bdsmr ks lg lr loo. Bdsmr lg Cmbdy> Emidusm Cmbdy> Emidusm kt tdfms d sjlrt pmrklc tl stdrt tjm bdsmr, kg lrcmr tl `dfm tjm plwmr dgc tjm bdsmr jmdc em stdrtmc sygijrlglusby, tjm bdsmr cmvkim ks stdrtmc emolrm tjm bdsmr jmdc. K.m., tjm Bdsmr Lg Cmbdy. Bdsmr loo Cmbdy> Cmbdy> Emidusm kt tdfms dgltjmr pmrklc lo tk`m tl sjut loo tjm bdsmr dotmr rmimkvkga tjm kgstruitklg, kg lrcmr tl dvlkc mximsskvm mgardvkga, tjm bdsmr ks sjut loo kg dcvdgim. Bmdst Xubsm Qkctj> Sjm Qkctj> Sjm `kg. pubsm wkctj tl em rmilagkzmc ey tjm bdsmr cmvkim.

=5

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-41 Ckrmitklg Xlbdrkty> Xlbdrkty> Ibdsskokmc kgtl plsktkvm dgc gmadtkvm, wjmg tjm `ltklg ckrmitklg lo tjm `ltlr cksdiilrcs wktj tjm ckrmitklg ilgtrlb euttlgs lg tjm fmyeldrc, ylu idg ijdgam tjm ckrmitklg plbdrkty tl `dfm tjm` ilgskstmgt wktj mdij ltjmr. Bk`kt Xlbdrkty> Xlbdrkty> Ibdsskokmc kgtl plsktkvm dgc gmadtkvm, wjmg tjm `ltlr idgglt rmturg tl tjm lrkakgdb plsktklg, ylu idg ijdgam tjm bk`kt plbdrkty tl `dfm kt glr`db. Fmy Xlbdrkty> Xlbdrkty> Sjm euttlgs lg tjm ilgtrlb pdgmb ilrrmsplgc tl ckrmitklgs lo tjm `ltklg lo tjm dxms, ko kt `lvms tl tjm rkajt wjmg ylu prmss tjm bmot, ijdgam tjm plbdrkty plbdrkty.. Gltm> smt tjm bk`kt plbdrkty okrst, tjmg t jmg ckrmitklg plbdrkty, dgc fmy plbdrkty bdst. @lvm`mgt Xrmiksklg (½`)> (½`)> Sjm `lvm ckstdgim pmr pubsm, tjm ugkt ks ½`. Sjm rmslbutklg lo `dijkgms `dy em ijdgamc sblwby cum tl ckoomrmgt derdsklg dgc ltjmr oditlrs lo `dijkgms, tjm usmr `dy amt tjm lptk`db vdbum dotmr ùbtkpbm tk`ms lo cmeuaakga dgc smttkgas. Idbiubdtklg lo Umslbutklg> Umslbutklg> Diiurdtm Umslbutklg 0 Iurrmgt Umslbutklg Ñ Umdb Ykzm/ QksjYkzm. Iurrmgt Umslbutklg> Sjm rmslbutklg smt dt iurrmgt lpmrdtklg lo tjm mqukp`mgt, k.m., tjm rmslbutklg kg tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkgas lo tjm mqukp`mgt, wjkij idg em rmdc orl` tjm =9

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

mqukp`mgt. UmdbYkzm> Sjm bmgatj lg tjm moomit crdwkga cmskagmc ey tjm usmr, glr`dbby kg wjlbm guèmrs eut glt mximmckga tjm `dx. trdvmb. QksjYkzm> Sjm bmgatj lo tjm trdif bmot ey tjm mgardvmr lg tjm mgardvmc `dtmrkdb, wjkij idg em `mdsurmc ey `mdsurkga tllbs.

Oka. 3-4: Delut tjm skzm lo tjm `mdsurkga> Crdw d 98*98 rmitdgabm tl idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg. Qjmg `mdsurkga, tjm wkctj lo tjm bdsmr emd` gmmcs tl em ilgskcmrmc. Sjm prlimssmc rmditdgabm ks ds sjlwg kg okaurm emblw. Sdfm tjm `mdsurmc vdbum lo tjm Z dxks 93``, dgc kgput 93 kgtl tjm UmdbYkzm mckt elx dgc 98 kgtl tjm QksmYkzm mckt elx. Ibkif lf tjm prlard` wkbb idbiubdtm lut tjm rkajt rmslbutklg. Ltjmr Dxks ks sk`kbdr. Qjmg idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg lo [, tjm UmdbYkzm ks tjm bmgatj lo trdim tjm emd` `lvmc.

Oka. 3-4;

Smst Xrmiksklg(½`)> Sjks Xrmiksklg(½`)> Sjks pdrd`mtmr ks vdbkc wjmg tjm mqukp`mgt ks prlvkcmc wktj tjm iblsmc-bllp cmtmitklg systm`, tjks pdrd`mtmr okgdbby cmikcms tjm mrrlrs emtwmmg tjm mgardvmc ck`mgsklgs dgc tjm cmskagmc ck`mgsklgs, kg tjks idsm, lgby tjm dcnust`mgt lo tjks pdrd`mtmr rdtjmr tjdg tjm `kgutm ijdgams lo tjm `ltklg rmslbutklg wkbb kgobumgim tjm mgardvmc ck`mgsklgs. Sjks pdrd`mtmr ks kgvdbkc wjmg tjm mqukp`mgt ks glt prlvkcmc wktj tjm iblsmc-bllp cmtmitklg systm`. Kg tjks idsm, tjm `kgutm ijdgams lo tjm `ltklg rmslbutklg wkbb ckrmitby kgobumgim tjm mgardvmc ck`mgsklgs. =3

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

@lst Ypmmc (``/s)> Sjm `dx. spmmc dbblwmc olr skgabm-dxks `lvm`mgt. Sjks vdbum cmikcms tjm `dx. Mgardvkga spmmc dgc iuttkga spmmc. Ytlp Ypmmc (``/s)> Sjm spmmc lo succmg stlp curkga skgabm-dxks `ltklg, k.m., tjm `ltklg stlps spmmc. Ko tjm stlp spmmc ks jkaj, tjm mqukp`mgt wkbb amt armdtmr k`pdit wjmg stlppkga dgc stdrtkga6 tjm moomit lo mgardvkga wkbb em pllr wjkbm tjm mgardvkga mookikmgiy wkbb em jkaj6 @lst\Dii( ``/s5)> @dx ``/s5)> @dx diimbmrdtklg lo tjm dxks, tjm rdtkl lo ijdgam lo spmmc. Kt ks tjm dekbkty lo spmmc ijdgam orl` lgm vdbum tl dgltjmr vdbum kg ugkt tk`m. Sjm jkajmr tjm diimbmrdtklg, tjm tk`m lo tjm spmmc orl` lgm vdrkdebm tl dgltjmr ks sjlrtmr.. Dgc idrvkga mookikmgiy ks jkaj, eut tjm k`pdit lo tjm mqukp`mgt dgc mqukp`mgt sjlrtmr derdsklg ks eka6 Ltjmrwksm, mookikmgiy ks blw, blw, tjm k`pdit lo mqukp`mgt dgc mqukp`mgt derdsklg ks s`dbb. Sjm `dx diimbmrdtklg ùst `dtij tjm `dx spmmc. Sjmg cmvkim wkbb wlrf kg tjm emst stdtm (tjdt ks, tjm mqukp`mgt wlrf wktj jkaj spmmc dgc idrvmc tl letdkg tjm vmry allc moomit). Kg amgmrdb, tjm usmr idg smt tjm pdrd`mtmrs rmdslgdebm diilrckga tl tjmkr rmqukrm`mgt olr mgardvkga spmmc dgc diiurdiy. Sl `mmt tjm diiurdiy rmqukrm`mgt lo tjm usmr, kt idg k`prlvm tjm spmmc dgc diimbmrdtklg tl `dfm mgardvkga mookikmgiy. mookikmgiy. Ko spmmc ks glw `mmt tjm rmqukrm`mgts lo usmrs, lr kt wds ugdebm tl rmdij tjm `dxkù` spmmc lo iurrmgt Ymttkgas, tjm usmr idg dpprlprkdtmby rmcuim tjm spmmc vdbum. vdbu m. Emidusm mdij usmr's mgvkrlg`mgt dgc mgardvkga rmqukrm`mgt ks ckoomrmgt, sl tjm cmvkim‚s cmvkim‚ s `dx spmmc dgc tjm `dx diimbmrdtklg wkbb dbsl em ckoomrmgt. ]smrs idg letdkg tjm emst pdrd`mtmrs dotmr rmpmdtmc prditkim. @dx. Ypdim> Ds Ypdim> Ds mktjmr tjm emdg lr tjm aukcm rdkb jds d okxmc bmgatj, bmgatj, mdij `dijkgm jds d `dx wlrfkga ermdctj (k.m., wlrfkga rdgam), wjkij bk`kts tjm `ltklg lo tjm `dijkgm wktjkg tjm `dx wlrfkga ermdctj dgc `dfms tjm trlbbmy dgc tjm emd` `lvm wktjkg tjm wlrfkga rdgam. Sjm trlbbmy dgc tjm emd` wkbb glt jkt tjm `dijkgm mcam ds tjmrm‚s tjm bk`ktdtklg lo `dx spdim.

3.5.9 Mèrlkcmry K`plrt Mèrlkcmrkms K`plrt ks prlvkcmc olr tjm ilgvmgkmgim lo tjm usmr tl k`plrt CYS, CYE okbms lo olr`dt, tjm k`plrt lo IDC okbms ks lpmgmc jmrm. Xbmdsm smm tjm okaurm emblw>

==

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-58

3.5.3 K`plrt Ekt`dp Ko jdvm d ekt`dp olr mgardvkga, ibkif lg tjm k`plrt ekt`dp euttlg kg Oka. 3-58, d K`plrt smt wkgclw wkbb em sjlwg. Ko ylu gmmc tl ijdgam tjm ekt`dp kgtl rmsmdu ckdard`, smbmit tjm Gmt@lcm ijmif elx. [lu [lu idg smt tjm ckrmitklg lo gmt plkgt lr tjm skzm lo plkgt. Ibkif LF euttlg tl k`plrt tjm ekt`dp.

Oka. 3-54

=?

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

3.5.= Iurvm Xrmiksklg Ymt tjm iurvm diiurdiy wktj tjm slotwdrm tl k`prlvm tjm s`lltjgmss dgc spmmc lo tjm lpmrdtklg, ylu idg smbmit amgmrdb, `mccbm, jkaj, vmry jkaj, `lst jkaj, mti..

Oka. 3-55

3.9 IDC Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Lpmrdtklg Lpmg tjm IDC slotwdrm, sjlw ds Oka. 3-59 3 -59

Oka. 3-59

=1

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

3.3 IDC Ckrmit Lutput Ylotwdrm Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg 3.3.4 Sjm Yupplrt lo DutlIDC Ckrmit Lutput Dggltdtklg Smxt Smxt Smxt dgc dggltdtklgs kg IDC systm` drm glr`dbby mxplrtmc ds duxkbkdry kgolr`dtklg, tjmrmolrm, kg usudb idsms, ylu gmmc glt smbmit tmxt dgc dggltdtklgs kg tjm wkgclw sjlwg kg Oka. 3-53. Jlwmvmr, kg spmikdb idsms, m.a., tjm usmr gmmcs tl mgardvm tjm tmxt kg tjm ardpjkis, dgc mvmg tjm dggltdtklgs, olr lutput, ylu idg smbmit ilrrmsplgckga lptklgs kg tjm wkgclw sjlwg kg Oka. 3-53. Okrst, ylu‚c bkfm tl dgglugim tjdt wm cl glt supplrt tmxt dgc dggltdtklgs tl d orditklgdb, jlwmvmr, tjmrm drm sl`m bk`ktdtklgs, olr mxd`pbm, wm supplrt =, ? typms lo bdram olgts, smttkgas olr bdram olgts drm ds olbblws> okrst mgtmr tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Oka. 3-53, smbmit Smxt Ytybm kg tjm ”Olr`dt‟ `mgu. `mgu.

Oka. 3-53 Sjmg ylu‚bb mgtmr tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Okaurm O ka. 3-5=, smbmit ]sm Eka Olgt (]). Dgc tjmg smbmit tjm olgt okbm ylu rmqukrmc orl` tjm pubb-clwg `mgu lo Eka Olgts (E), wm iurrmgtby supplrts tjm olbblwkga olgt okbms olr Ijkgmsm> Os.sjx, aeieka.sjx, JS.sjx, Jztxt.sjx dgc Fjz.sjx. Yl ylu ùst smbmit lgm lo tjm dolrmsdkc okbms.

=:

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-5=

Dotmr tjm stmps delvm, tjm smttkgas drm il`pbmtmc, eut pbmdsm cl gltm tjdt wjmg kgputtkga tmxt, ds sjlwg kg tjm okaurm emblw, dotmr tjm tmxt kgputtkga tllb ks smbmitmc, tjm `mgu sjlwg kg Okaurm Oka. 3-5? wkbb dppmdr wjmg kgputtkga tmxt.

Oka. 3-5? Sjmg ylu nust bmt kt dclpt tjm cmodubt olgt sjlwg kg Okaurm Oka.3-5?. Cl glt smbmit tjm Mgabksj olgts lr Ylga typmodim lr elbcodim mti. orl` tjm pubb-clwg `mgu, olr tjlsm `dy glt em supplrtmc ey lur slotwdrm tm`plrdrkby. Dotmr tjks, lur slotwdrm idg supplrt tjm mgardvkga lutput lo tmxt kg IDC kgtmrodim.

=;

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

3.3.5 Idrvkga Ardckmgt Yfmtij @dp

Oka. 3-51

3.3.9 Illrckgdtm Yystm`

Oka. 3-5: Illrckgdtm> Illrckgdtm ùst `dtij lrkakgdb plsktklg lo tjm `dijkgm. Lg tjm sd`m `dijkgm idg't bktmrdbby ijdgam tjm illrckgdtm systm` Blidtklg> Sjm plsktklg lo bdsmr jmdc ks tjm stdrt plsktklg em emolrm olrm iuttkga. Ds sjlwg kg okaurm emblw, tjmrm drm ; blidtklgs lo bdsmr jmdc rmbdtkvm tl tjm plsktklg lo ardpjki. Sjm rmc irlss ks tjm plsktklg lo bdsmr jmdc.

?8

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. 3-5;

3.3.3 Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg lo Idrvkga DutlIDC prlvkcms tjm Idrvkga lutput, wjkij lgby gmmcs tjm ilgtlur lo d crdwkga kgstmdc lo okbbkga, wjkij sjlubc em pdrtkiubdrby pdkc dttmgtklg tl. Xbmdsm gltm tjdt olr crdwkgas crdwg kg DutlIDC, tjm Idrvkga kg ckrmit lutput ks idrrkmc lut diilrckga tl tjm ilgtlur, ylu gmmc glt tl crdw tjm crdwkgas kg tjm okbbmc `lcm, emskcms, tjmrm‚s gl ckoomrmgim emtwmmg kgtdabkl dgc kgiksmc kgsirkptklg, Oka.3-98 O ka.3-98 sjlws tjm moomits lo tjm lrkakg crdwkga dgc tjm crdwkga dotmr Idrvkga lutput, ds t jmrm‚s gl ckoomrmgim lo kgtdabkl dgc kgiksmc kgsirkptklg kg vmitlr ardpjkis, ylu `dy amt tjm moomit lo kgiksmc kgsirkptklg ey crdwkga, pbmdsm smm Oka. 3-94 ko tjmrm‚s rmbdtklg lo kgibusklg emtwmmg twl lutbkgm crdwkgas kg tjm sd`m ilblr, tjm moomit sjlwg kg tjm crdwkga emblw wkbb em irmdtmc. Ko ùbtkpbm bdymrs lo crdwkgas kg tjm sd`m ilblr drm kgibucmc, tjm moomit wkbb em ds olbblws, kts rubm lo Idrvkga lutput ks tjdt> mgardvkga tjm okrst bdymr, glt mgardvkga tjm gmxt bdymr, bdymr, dgc tjmg mgardvkga tjm ourtjmr gmxt bdymr, dgc tjm rmst `dy em cmcuimc ey dgdblay. dgdblay. Xbmdsm smm Oka. 3-95

crdwkga crdw kga ardp ardpjki jki

sidg

moomit

Oka. 3-98

?4

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

crdwk cr dwkga ga

ardp ar dpjki jki

sidg

moomit

Oka. 3-94

crdwkg cr dwkga a

ardp ar dpjki jki

sidg

moomit

Oka. 3-95 Orl` wjdt cmsirkemc delvm, wm `dy smm tjdt olr Idrvkga lut lo vmitlr ardpjkis, okbbkga ks glt gmmcmc, dgc tjmrm‚bb glt em tjks fkgc lo kgobumgim e mtwmmg crdwkgas kg ckoomrmgt ilblrs, ds sjlwg kg Okaurm Oka. 3-99 crdwkgas kg ckoomrmgt ilblrs drm kg tjm rmbdtklg lo kgibusklg, gl kgobumgim lg mdij ltjmr. Sjmrm‚s lvmrbdy emtwmmg tjm twl pdrts lo Idrvkgas. Qm embkmvm ylu `dy jdvm cmmpmr ugcmrstdgckga olr tjm Idrvkga `lcms lo DutlIDC. crdwkga cr dwkga

ardpj ar dpjki ki

sidg

moomit

Oka. 3-99

3.3.= Yuppbm`mgtdry Cmsirkptklg lo Ylotwdrm dgc IDC Ckrmit Lutput Dgglugim`mgt> Sjks cliu`mgt ks `dkgby purplsmc tl prlvkcm sl`m `mtjlcs lo dgdbysks dgc slbutklgs olr tjm ckslrcmr lo tjm mgardvkga olr vmitlr ardpjkis, ds tjm dppbkidtklgs drm ckvmrskokmc, sl`m prlebm`s idgglt em il`pbmtmby slbvmc ey lur ?5

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

slotwdrm dblgm, Sjmrmolrm, sl`mtk`ms tjm usmr gmmc tl `dfm k`prlvm`mgts olr tjm crdwkga sl ds tl `dfm tjm t jm lpmrdtklg lo tjm `dijkgm kg diilrcdgim wktj lur kcmds. Yl`m sk`pbm crdwkgas `dy em ilggmitmc dgc mxplrtmc kg lrcmr Ymm tjm okaurm emblw>

Oka. 3-93 Kg Oka. 3-93, wm okrst crdw tjm iurvm dt tjm imgtmr orl` tjm bmot tl tjm rkajt, tjmg crdw tjm bkgm smitklg lg tjm rkajt orl` rkajt tl bmot, okgdbby, wm crdw tjm bkgm smitklg lg tjm bmot orl` bmot tl rkajt, diilrckga tl tjm lrkakgdb lutput prlimsskga, tjm rmsubt wkbb em ds olbblws. 4 9

5

Oka. 3-9= Dgc tjm lrcmr lo lutput ey tjm mqukp`mgt olbblws tjm guèmrs ckspbdymc kg Oka. 3-9= tjm ckrmitklg olr mdij stmp lo lutput ks sjlwg ey tjm drrlw. Sjks moomit ks pllr ds kts glt il`pbmtmc orl` tjm emakggkga tl tjm mgc e lgm rug. Sjmrm drm 5 wdys tl slbvm tjks prlebm`, 4> crdw tjm crdwkgas kg lrcmr lr ilèkgm tjm` wktj tjm `mramr lpmrdtklg prlvkcmc kg slotwdrm bkfm IlrmbCUD IlrmbCUDQ Q lr DutlIDC mti., 5> lur slotwdrm mgardvkga idg ijdgam tjm lrcmr kgtl d s`lltj dgc ilgtkgulus wdy lo lpmrdtkga orl` tjm emakggkga tl tjm mgc wjmg prlimsskga tjm crdwkgas. Sjm iurrmgt slotwdrm jds `dfm prlimsskga tl crdwkgas ds sjlwg kg Okaurm 4 tl `dfm tjm` tl em mxplrtmc orl` tjm emakggkga tl tjm mgc, k.m., tjks prlebm` lo lutput lrcmr jds emmg slbvmc kg tjm bdtmst vmrsklg lo tjm slotwdrm. Jlwmvmr, wm rmil``mgc lur usmrs tl crdw tjm crdwkgas kg lrcmr wjmg uskga DutlIDC lr IlrmbCUDQ mti., ko ylu odkb tl cl tjdt, ylu idg ilèkgm tjm` tlamtjmr wktj tjm `mramr lpmrdtklg prlvkcmc kg tjm dolrmsdkc slotwdrm, wjkij `dy prlvkcm jkajmr odubt tlbmrdgim. t lbmrdgim. Glr`dbkzmc lutput olr il`pbkidtmc crdwkgas drm sjlwg kg Oka.3-9? Oka .3-9? emblw

Oka. 3-9? Oka.3-9? ks glt sl il`pbkidtmc, jlwmvmr jlwmvmr,, diilrckga tl lur lesmrvdtklg, `dgy usmrs wkbb ?9

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

crdw tjm okaurm kg smvmrdb smitklgs kgstmdc lo crdwkga kt ilgtkgulusby, tjmrmolrm, tjm slotwdrm wkbb irmdtm ùbtkpbm moomits lo lutput (tjks ks rmbmvdgt tl tjm lrcmr lo crdwkga lo ckoomrmgt usmrs), jlwmvmr, jlwmvmr, `dy em glgm lo tjm moomits ks wjdt ylu mxpmit.

Xbmdsm smm tjm olbblwkga sd`pbm olr ckoomrmgt moomits lo iuttkga.

Iuttkga 4

Iuttkga 3

Iuttkga 5

Iuttkga 9

Iuttkga =

Oka. 3-91 Ds ylu idg smm kg tjm tjm crdwkgas delvm, kt tltdb tltdbby by tdfms = tk`ms tl iut tjm mgtkrm crdwkga, dgc tjm prlimcurm ks ckslrcmrmc. Sjm moomit ks glt mxpmitmc, smmkga orl` tjm strlfkga kg tjm crdwkgas delvm, mdij Lutbkgm rmdijms tjm mgc dgc stlps tkbb tjmrm‚s gl ilggmitmc bkgm smitklg, eut kt ks jdrc tl ijlkim tjm pdtj kg tjks wdy, dgc tjmrm‚s dbsl armdt rdgcl`gmss, tjmrmolrm, tjm mgtkrm crdwkga ks ckvkcmc kgtl smvmrdb pdrts. Sjmrm‚s Sjmrm ‚s bkttbm slotwdrm, iurrmgtby, ks prlvkcmc wktj tjm idpdikty tl `dgdam tjm prlebm`s ds d wjlbm bkfm ju`dg emkga, olr kgstdgim, iuttkga tjm mxtmrgdb rmitdgabm emolrm tjm kgtmrgdb pdrt mti.. Sjmrmolrm, wm ùst pdy dttmgtklg tl tjks tjk s fkgc lo crdwkga wjmg crdwkga, m.a., ko ylu wdgt tl iut tjm twl rmitdgabms dblga tjm 3 skcms, ylu ùst ilèkgm tjm smpdrdtm bkgm smitklgs lo tjm rmitdgabms tlamtjmr wktj slotwdrm, tjus tjm ckslrcmrmc mgardvkga wkbb em dvlkcmc dgc d rmbdtkvmby gmdt pdtj wkbb em dijkmvmc. @dgy usmrs nust pdtij up tjm crdwkgas Lutbkgm ey Lutbkgm kg krrmaubdr lrcmr, tjmrmolrm, ùbtkpbm typms lo strlfkga wkbb em irmdtmc olr d crdwkga ds sjlwg kg Oka.3-93, wjkij ks ditudbby vmry sk`pbm, wjkbm kg odit, tjmrm drm `dgy crdwkgas ùij `lrm il`pbkidtmc tjdg tjks lgm, lgm nlkgt `dy em ilggmitmc wktj `dgy bkgm smitklgs, dgc tjm strlfkga wkbb em `lrm ckslrcmrmc, sl kt‚s jdrc tl drrdgam tjm lrcmr moomitkvmby ey lur slotwdrm dblgm, dgc ylu ùst slbvm tjm prlebm` orl` tjm emakggkga, tjm `mtjlc lo crdwkga. Ckslrcmrmc lutput olr skgabm bkgms wktjlut nlkgt lr irlsskga

Oka. 3-9: Oka. 3-9: smm`s tl tjm sd`m tl Oka. 3-93 dt okrst vkmw6 jlwmvmr, tjm mgardvkga ks ckslrcmrmc, wjy< Bmt‚s d`pbkoy tjm crdwkga dgc ylu idg smm tjdt tjmrm‚s gl nlkgt ?3

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

emtwmmg tjm bkgm smitklgs, sl tjm lrcmr idgglt tjm drrdgamc. Sjmrmolrm, wjmg crdwkga, pdy dttmgtklg tjdt tjm nlkgts ùst em iblsmc. Gl ckspbdy wjmg lpmgkga tjm crdwkga kg d 9rc pdrty mgardvkga slotwdrm, lr rug kgtl d wdbb wjmg uskga IDC olr ckrmit lutput. Olr mxd`pbm, ylu crdw d crdwkga kg IDC, wjkij bllfs glr`db, wjkbm kt idgglt em ckspbdymc kg d 9rc pdrty mgardvkga slotwdrm, lr rug kgtl d wdbb wjmg mxplrtmc tl tjm mqukp`mgt. Qjy< Sjks ks glr`dbby idusmc ey d s`dbb crdwkga lr clt odr dwdy orl` tjm crdwkga, wjkij ks glt wjdt tjm usmr mxpmits tl prlimss eut ks nust crdwg ey `kstdfm, tjks `dfms tjm wjlbm crdwkga tl em sl bdram dgc idgglt em smmg wjmg lpmgmc kg dgltjmr slotwdrm dotmr zll`kga lut, dgc tjm ermdctj lo lutput wkbb em odr mximmckga tjm lpmrdtklg ermdctj lo tjm mqukp`mgt, wjkij wkbb dbsl idusm prlebm`s. Xdrt lo tjm crdwkgas lo IDC ckrmit lutput lr kg CZO okbms idgglt em ckspbdymc dgc prlimssmc DutlIDC588= ks gmwby prlvkcmc wktj rmaklg tllbs dgc tdebm tllbs, pdrts lo d iblsmc crdwkga idg em prlimssmc kgtl tjm crdwkga lo d rmaklg vkd tjm rmaklg tllbs lg tjm bmot. Sjmg tjm slotwdrm idgglt rmilagkzm dgc prlimss kt, sl pdy dttmgtklg tjdt tjmrm sjlubc glt em dgy rmaklg crdwkga wjmg crdwkga, ko tjmrm drm sl`m, tjmy sjlubc em rmcrdwg ey bkgm smitklgs lr iurvms lr em erlfmg up wktj ermdfup lpmrdtklg. Sdebms crdwg wktj tjm tdebm tllbs sjlubc olbblw tjm sd`m wdy, tjmy idg em glr`dbby mxplrtmc dotmr emkga erlfmg up, tjlsm drm dbb gmw omdturms dotmr DutlID DutlIDC588=. C588=.

?=

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt = Xdgmb Lpmrdtklg =.4 Xdgmb dgc Fmy Kgstruitklg =.4.4 Xdgmb

Oka. =-4

=.4.5 Fmy

4)

”M`mramgiy M`mramgiy‟‟ fmy> Gl `dttmr wjdt stdtus tjm `dijkgm ks kg, wjmg ylu

prmss tjks fmy, tjm `dijkgm wkbb al tl tjm rmsmt stdtus dgc tjmg rmturg tl tjm prmsmt ”Lrkakg‟.

??

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

5)

”@mgu‟ mgu‟   fmy> Qjmg ylu prmss tjks fmy, tjm systm` wkbb al tl tjm `dkg

`mgu.

9)

”Msi Msi‟‟ fmy> Ds d cmokgktklg fmy, tjks fmy ks usmc tl idgimb tjm lpmrdtklg

dgc rmturg tl tjm prmvklus kgtmrodim.

3)

”Xubsm‟ ubsm‟ fmy> fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc olr tmstkga. Kt obdsjms mvmry tk`m tjdt ylu

prmss. Kt ks usmc tl tmst tjm lptkidb pdtj dcnust`mgt.

=)

”Mgtmr ‟ fmy> Ds d cmokgktklg fmy, tjks fmy ks usmc tl ilgokr` tjm iurrmgt

lpmrdtklg.

?)

”Ypmmc Ypmmc‟‟ fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc tl smt tjm wlrfkga spmmc. Olr tjm vdbum

smttkga, rmomr tl ”_dbum smttkga‟ smttkga‟ smitklg.

84> Qlrf Ypmmc 85> Kcbm Ypmmc 89> Udgam Ypmmc 83> Ypmmc Oditlr

Oka. =-5

 Qlrf Y Ypmmc> pmmc> Kt sjlw sjlws s tjm systm` cm cmodubt odubt spmmc vdbum. Sjm ugkt ks ``/s.  Kcbm Ypm Ypmmc> mc> Sjm spmmc lo dxks `lvms wktjlut bdsmr lg. Kt sjl sjlws ws tjm sy systm` stm` cmodubt

spmmc vdbum. Sjm ugkt ks ``/s.  Ypmm Ypmmc c Oditlr> Kt ks dppbkmc tl k`prlvm tjm s`lltjgms s`lltjgmss s lo `lvm`mgt. Sjm rdgam ks

8.88-=.88. Sjm s`dbbmr tjm oditlr, tjm sblwmr lo pbdggmc spmmc lo bkgms kg wlrf okbm, dgc tjmg tjm s`lltjmr lo `lvm`mgt wjmg turgkga ilrgmr. ilrgmr. Glr`dbby kt ks smt tl 5.=. Ko tjm s`lltjgmss ks jkaj cm`dgcmc, smt tjm oditlr tl bmss tjdg 4.

1)

”@kg Xlwmr ‟ fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc tl smt tjm `kgkù` bdsmr kgtmgskty lo ?1

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

tjm prmsmt bdsmr bdsmr..

:)

”@dx Xlwmr ‟ fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc tl smt tjm `dxkù` bdsmr kgtmgskty

tjdt tjm `dijkgm rmsplgcs.

;)

”Ytdrt Ytdrt‟‟ fmy> Qjmg ylu prmss tjks fmy, tjm systm` stdrts ruggkga tjm

iurrmgt okbm.

48)

”Xdusm/Uug Xdusm/Uug‟‟ fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc tl pdusm lr al lg tjm lpmrdtklg. Kg

tjm pdusm stdtus, wjmg tjm ”Lrkakg‟ ”Lrkakg‟ fmy fmy ks glt prmssmc, prmss tjks fmy dotmr `lvkga Z dxks lr [ dxks tl `dfm tjm systm` rmturg tl tjm lrkakgdb blidtklg b lidtklg dutl`dtkidbby dutl`dtkidbby..

44)

”Lrkakg‟ fmy> ”Lrkakg‟ fmy> Sjks fmy ks usmc tl smt tjm kgktkdb blidtklg tjdt tjm `dijkgm

rugs. ”Lrkakg‟ rugs. ”Lrkakg‟ idg em smbmitmc kg tjm pdrd`mtmr smttkga slotwdrm dt ylur wkbb. Ko ”`mijdgkidb lrkakg‟ ks lrkakg‟ ks smbmitmc, kt rmturgs tl tjm `dijkgm‚ `dijkgm‚s s `mijdgkidb lrkakg dotmr rmsmt. Sjm illrckgdtms ks ”8, 8‟. 8‟. Ko ”jl`m plsktklg‟ plsktklg‟ ks smbmitmc, kt rmturgs tl tjm iurrmgt illrckgdtms lo tjm prmvklus lpmrdtklg dotmr rmsmt.

45)

”

‟]p ”

‟Clwg”

‟Bmot”

‟Ukajt fmys> Kg tjm

wdktkga stdtus, tjmy `mdg upwdrc, clwgwdrc, bmotwdrc dgc rkajtwdrc `lvm`mgt.

=.5 Kgtmrodim Kgtrlcuitklg =.5.4 Ytdrt ]p Qjmg tjm systm` ks plwmrmc lg, tjm BIC ckspbdys ”Yystm` Kgkt…‟. Kgkt…‟.

?:

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Yystm` Kgkt... Oka. =-9

=.5.5 @dkg Kgtmrodim Dotmr tjm kgktkdbkzdtklg, tjm systm` systm` alms tl tjm `dkg kgtmrodim. Qjmg gl mgardvkga okbm ks smbmitmc, kt ckspbdys>

4Z5Z Gl Okbm@dx 98.88 Xlwmr Ypmmc 588.88 Yystm` wdkt... Oka. =-3 Qjmg lgm mgardvkga okbm ks smbmitmc, kt ckspbdys>

444 Xlwmr @dx 98.88 Ypmmc 588.88 Yystm` wdkt...

Oka. =-= Qjmrm, tjm pdrd`mtmrs jdvm tjm olbblwkga `mdgkgas>  Okbm gd`m> S Sjm jm tlp bmo bmott ilrgmr kg tjm okrst bkgm ckspbdys tjm gd`m lo tjm iurrmgtby

prlimssmc okbm. Ko glt okbm ks smbmitmc, kt ckspbdys ”Gl okbm‟. prl`pt> t> Sjm tlp rkajt ilrgmr kg tjm okrst bkgm ckspbdy ckspbdys s tjm wdtmr  Qdtmr prltmitklg prl`p prltmitklg 4 dgc wdtmr prltmitklg 5 ugilggmitmc. Ko tjm wdtmr prltmitklg ks mgdebmc, ?;

泸晾秔抈

Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

kt ks glt ckspbdymc.  @dx plwmr> Kt dbblws smttkga ttjm jm pmrimgtda pmrimgtdam m lo tjm `dx `dxkù` kù` kgtmgskty kg tjm

prlimsskga okbm, dgc ckspbdys tjm kgtmgskty lo bdsmr 4.  Mgardvkga s spmmc> pmmc> Kt dbblw dbblws s smttkga tjm pm pmrimgtdam rimgtdam lo mgardvkga spmmc kg tjm

prlimsskga okbm.

Kg tjm wdktkga stdtus, wjmg ylu prmss ”

‟ YMBMIS fmy kg tjm `kccbm, tjm systm`

alms tl tjm olbblwkga kgtmrodim.

4.Fmy Ypmmc @kcc 5.Uug Udgam Gl 88>44>58 Qlrf Sk`ms> 5

Oka. =-? Xrmss ]p dgc Clwg fmys tl smbmit pdrd`mtmr 4 lr pdrd`mtmr 5 tjdt ylu wdgt tl ijdgam. Sjm smbmitmc ijdgamdebm vdbum jds sjdclw dt kts edifarlugc. [lu lu idg prmss  Fmy spmmc> Kt `mdgs tjm spmmc lo `dgudb ord`m `lvm`mgt. [ ”YMBMIS‟ fmy kg tjm `kccbm tl ijdgam tjm spmmc lo ord`m `lvm`mgt. Sjmrm drm tjrmm lptklgs dvdkbdebm> ”Odst Odst‟, ‟, ”Glr`db ”Glr`db‟‟ dgc ”Yblw Yblw‟. ‟.  Uug rdgam> Kt kgibucms twl prmvkmw `lcms. Lgm `lcm ks prmvkmw w wktj ktj bkajtkga6 d dgc gc

tjm ltjmr `lcm ks prmvkmw wktjlut bkajtkga. [lu idg prmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy kg tjm `kccbm tl ijdgam tjm twl prmvkmw `lcms. Ymbmit Y mbmit ”[ ”[ms ms‟‟ tl prmvkmw wktj bkajtkga, dgc smbmit ”Gl ”Gl‟‟ tl prmvkmw wktjlut bkajtkga. Dotmr ylur smbmitklg, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟ tl stdrt prmvkmw.  Qlrf Sk`m> Qlrf tk`m lo tjm iurrmgt okbm.  Qlrf Sk`ms> Sjm i il`pbmtm l`pbmtm guèmr lo tjm iurrmgt okbm.

Kg tjm stdgcey kgtmrodim, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl tjm ^, ] dxks `lvkga kgtmrodim.

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

^, ] @lvm ]+ @kccbm

^+ ]+ ^-

Oka. =-1 Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟,‟Clwg Clwg‟‟,”Bmot Bmot‟‟,‟Ukajt Ukajt‟‟ tl `lvm dxks ^/]. Xrmss ”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl ijdgam tjm spmmc. Kg tjm `dkg kgtmrodim, prmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl al kgtl @lvm Z/[ dxks kgtmrodim.

@lvm tl cmst Z> 488.888 [> 588.888 84593=?1:;. 2 8

Oka. =-: Ymt tjm illrckgdtms lo Z/[ tjmg prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl `lvm. ]gcmr tjm wlrf stdtus, tjm Bmot elttl` lo tjm `dkg kgtmrodim sjlws tjm wlrf tk`m, dgc tjm rkajt elttl` sjlws tjm pmrimgtdam lo wlrf prlarmss

444 Xlwmr @dx 98.88 Ypmmc 588.88 88>84>45 48% Oka. =-;

=.5.9 @mgu Xrmss ”@mgu @mgu‟‟ fmy tl al tl `dkg `mgu kgtmrodim>

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

84> Okbm @dgdam 85> Mqukp. Sypm 89> Dxks @lvm 83> Dssktdgt

Oka. =-48 Kg tjks stdtus, prmss ”@kg Xlwmr‟ fmy Xlwmr‟ fmy olur tk`ms, dgc tjmg prmss ”@dx ”@dx Xlwmr ‟ fmy olur tk`ms. Mgtmr tjm `dgdam`mgt pdsswlrc, dgc prmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy ”YMBMIS‟ fmy tl smbmit wjmtjmr mgdebm tjm oditlry smttkga. Ko ylu mgdebm tjm oditlry smttkga, ylu idg ckrmitby `lckoy tjm oditlry smttkga lg tjm pdgmb. Ko ylu cksdebm tjm oditlry smttkga, tjm ilrrmsplgckga oditlry smttkga lg tjm pdgmb `mgu wkbb glt dppmdr.

Oditlry Ymt

Lpmg

Oka. =-44

=.5.3 _dbum smttkga

Lbc> 4.89 Gmw>8 84593=?1:;. 2 8 LF Idgimb

Oka. =-45

Xrmss ”

‟lr”

edifarlugc. Xr Xrmss ”

‟ tl smbmit tjm vdbum. Sjm smbmitmc vdbum jds sjdclw dt kts

‟ YMBMIS fmy kg tjm `kccbm. Kg tjks idsm, tjm smbmitmc vdbum

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

ks ckspbdymc kg tjm smilgc bkgm lo tjm kgtmrodim. Sjm smttkga vdbum ùst em smt orl` jkajmr ckakts tl cmik`db ckakts. Olr mxd`pbm, ko tjm smttkga vdbum ks =.9, okrst prmss

”

‟lr”

‟ tl smbmit ‑=‑ ‑=‑66 dgc tjmg prmss ”

”

‟ fmy, tl smbmit ‚9‑ ‚9‑,, okgdbby prmss ”

‟ fmy tl smbmit ‑.‑ ‑.‑66 dotmrwdrcs prmss

‟ fmy. Ko ylu smbmitmc ”2‟, prmss ”

‟

YMBMIS fmy kg tjm `kccbm tl cmbmtm tjm iurrmgtby smt vdbum. Dotmr ylur smttkga, prmss

”

‟ tl mxkt tjm smttkga kgtmrodim. Ko ylu wdgt tl idgimb tjks smttkga, ylu idg

ckrmitby prmss ”

‟ tl mxkt tjm smttkga kgtmrodim.

=.9 Okbm @dgdam Ymbmit ”Okbm @dgdam‟ @dgdam‟ dgc prmss prmss ”Mgtmr‟ fmy ”Mgtmr‟ fmy al tl tjm Okbms `dgdam`mgt kgtmrodim.

84> Okbms 85> Obdsj Cksf 89> Lutput Okbm 83> Umimkvmc Ymt 85> Obdsj Cksf 89> Lutput Okbm 83> Umimkvmc Ymt 8=> Qlrf Bllp

Oka. =-49 Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ lr ”Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl `lvm iurslr tl smbmit ktm`, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ilgokr`.

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

=.9.4 Okbms kg Idrc Kg tjm Okbm @dgdam kgtmrodim, smbmit ”Okbm Okbm‟‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl vkmw tjm okbms sdvmc kg ilgtrlbbmr.

884>444 .L]S 885>555 .L]S 889>999 .L]S 883>4593=?1:.L]S

Oka.=-43 Xrmss ”]p‟ dgc ”Clwg‟ ”Clwg‟ fmys fmys tl smbmit tjm okbm ylu wdgt tl lpmrdtm, dgc prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟ fmy tl al tl tjm olbblwkga kgtmrodim.

84> Ymbmit Okbm 85> Cmbmtm 89> Cmbmtm Dbb LF Idgimb

Oka. =-4=  Qrktm kgtl `m`lry> Sl mgardvm tjks okbm.  Cmbmtm> Sl cmbmtm tjks okbm.  Cmbmtm dbb> Sl cmbmtm dbb okbms kg tjm `m`lry.

=.9.5 Obdsj Cksf Kg tjm Okbm @dgdam kgtmrodim, smbmit ”Obdsj Cksf‟ Cksf‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl vkmw tjm okbms sdvmc kg ]-Cksf.

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xbmdsm wdkt... Oka. =-4? Ko tjm ]-Cksf ks wlrfkga prlpmrby prlpmrby.. Sjm vdbkc okbms kg ]-Cksf wkbb em sjlwg.

884>DEI 885>445 889>449 883>443

.CKU .L]S .L]S .L]S

Oka. =-41 Ymbmit lgm okbm dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟.

Ymbmit 84> Ymbmit Okbm LF

Idgimb

Oka. =-4: Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ilpy tjm okbm orl` ]-Cksf tl tjm obdsj kg tjm ilgtrlbbmr. Sjmg d ilpykga okbm prlarmss wkbb em sjlwg. Qjmg okgksj, tjm ilgtrlbbmr wkbb emmp. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif. Ko ]-Cksf clms glt kgsmrt. Lr kt ks glt wlrfkga prlpmrby. Sjm olbblwkga ckdbla wkbb em sjlwg.

1=

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Gl Okbm lr mrrlr Oka. =-4; Qlubc ylu pbmdsm ijmif ijmif wjmtjmr tjm ] cksf ks kgsmrtmc dt tjks tk`m. tk`m .

=.9.9 Lutput Okbm Kg Okbm @dgdam kgtmrodim, smbmit ”Lutput Okbm‟ Okbm‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al tl ilpy okbm tl ]-Cksf kgtmrodim.

884>444 .L]S 885>555 .L]S 889>999 .L]S 883>4593=?1:.L]S

Oka. =-58 Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ dgc ”Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl smbmit lgm okbm. Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ilgokr`.

84> Lutput Okbm LF

Idgimb

Oka. =-54 Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ilpy okbm tl ]-Cksf, prmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

1?

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

=.9.3 Okbm Umimkvkga Ymttkga Ymbmit ”Umimkvmc Ymt‟ Ymt‟ dgc prmss prmss ”Mgtmr‟ fmy ”Mgtmr‟ fmy al tl tjm okbm rmimkvkga smttkga kgtmrodim. Sjm okbm rmimkvkga smttkga lgby ijdgams tjm smttkga lo upbldckga tjm okbm tl tjm systm` orl` tjm il`putmr. Xrmss Xrmss ”YMBMIS‟ tl ”YMBMIS‟ tl ijdgam tjm smttkga `lcms. Sjm okbm rmimkvkga `lcms jdvm tjrmm lptklgs> Umimkvm Ymbmit, Umimkvm S Sm`p., m`p., Glr`db.

Umimkvmc Ymt Glr`db Oka. =-55 emil`ms `ms tjm iurrmgtby wlrfkga okbm dutl`dtkidbby dutl`dtkidbby,,  Umimkvm Ymbmit> Sjm rmimkvmc okbm emil gd`mby dotmr tjm rmimkvkga lpmrdtklg, prmss ”Ytdrt ”Ytdrt‟‟ tl stdrt mgardvkga tjm iurrmgt okbm.

 Umimkvm S Sm`p.> m`p.> Sjm rrmimkvmc mimkvmc okbm w wkbb kbb lvmrbdp tjm bdst okbm ckspbdymc ckspbdymc kg tjm Okbms

il`pbmtmby.  Glr`db> Bkfm tjm okbm i ilpkmc lpkmc orl` tjm obdsj cksf, tjm rmimkv rmimkvmc mc okbm ks ckspbdymc ds tjm

bdst okbm kg tjm Okbms.

=.9.= Qlrf Bllp Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl tjm wlrf bllp smttkga kgtmrodim. Xrmss ”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl `lckoy.

Qlrf Bllp Iblsm Oka. =-59 Ko kt smt ds ”Lpmg Lpmg‟‟, tjm okbm kg tjm obdsj wkbb em prlimssmc lgm ey lgm. Kt `mdgs wjmg lgm wlrf ks okgksjmc. Xrmss ”Ytdrt Ytdrt‟‟ euttlg, tjm smilgc olbblwkga okbm wkbb em smbmitmc dgc prlimssmc. 11

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

=.3 Mqukp`mgt Sypm

Mqukp. Sypm Ulugc Mqukp. Oka. =-53 Xrmss ”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl `lckoy tjm mqukp`mgt typm> Il``lg Sypm, Ulugc Mqukp`mgt. Qjmg smbmit tjm Ulugc Mqukp`mgt, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt tjm Ckd`mtmr dgc tjm Ikribm Xubsm.

84> Ckd`mtmr 85> Ikribm Xubsm Oka. =-5=  Ckd`mtmr> Qlrf pkmim ckd`mtmr ckd`mtmr..

Yueckvksklg*Srdgs`kssklg rdgs`kssklg rdtklg.  Ikribm pubsm> Yueckvksklg*S Gltm> Dxks [ prmiksklg0(9.434=;5?*4888*Qlrf Xkmim ckd`mtmr(``))/Ikribm pubsm

1:

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

=.= Dxks @lvm

4. Z> 5. [> 9. ^> 3. ]>

488.888 588.888 8.888 5=8.888

Oka. =-5? Xrmss ”]p‟ ”]p‟ dgc ”Clwg‟ ”Clwg‟   fmys tl smbmit tjm dxks, dgc prmss ”Bmot‟ ”Bmot‟ dgc ”Ukajt‟ ”Ukajt‟   fmys tl `lvm tjm dxks. Qjmg kt stlps, tjm vdbums ckspbdy tjm iurrmgt illrckgdtms. Kg tjm nlaabm `lcm, prmss ”Bmot‟ ”Bmot‟ dgc ”Ukajt‟ ”Ukajt‟   fmys tl `lvm tjm dxks. Sjm ckstdgim mvmry tk`m ylu prmss tjm fmy ks tjdt ylu smt kg tjm nlaabm `lcm. Qjmg ylu prmss prmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy, fmy, kt ckspbdys tjm olbblwkga kgtmrodim>

4.ko bkajt< Gl 5.Fmy Ypmmc @kcc Oka. =-51 Xrmss Clwg fmy tl smbmit pdrd`mtmr 4 lr pdrd`mtmr 5 tjdt ylu wdgt tl ijdgam. Sjm smbmitmc ijdgamdebm vdbum jds sjdclw dt kts edifarlugc. wktj ktj bkajtkga6 tjm  Ko bkajtkga> Sjm skgabm dxks `lvms kg twl `lcms> Lgm ks `lvm`mgt w ltjmr lgm ks `lvm`mgt wktjlut bkajtkga. [lu idg prmss ”YMBMIS ”YMBMIS‟‟ fmy kg tjm `kccbm tl ijdgam tjm twl `mtjlcs. Ymbmit Ymbmit ”[ ”[ms ms‟‟ tl `lvm wktj bkajtkga, dgc smbmit ”Gl ”Gl‟‟ tl `lvm wktjlut bkajtkga. Dotmr ylur smbmitklg, prmss ”Mgtmr ”Mgtmr ‟ fmy.  Fmy Y Ypmmc> pmmc> Kt `mdgs tjm spmmc lo `dgudb dxks `lvm`mgt. [ [lu lu idg prmss

”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ fmy kg fmy kg tjm `kccbm tl ijdgam tjm dxks `lvm`mgt spmmc> ”Odst Odst‟, ‟, ”Glr`db ”Glr`db‟‟ dgc ”Blw Blw‟. ‟.

1;

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xdrt ? Dsskstdgt ougitklg Qjmg tjm systm` ks plwmrmc lg, prmss ”@mgu @mgu‟‟ tl mgtmr `dkg `mgu kgtmrodim tjmg smbmit ” Dsskstdgt‟ Dsskstdgt‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟. Kt ks sjlwg ds>

84> Glr`db Xdrd`. 85> Dxks Xdrd`. 89> Edif Ymt 83> Yystm` Ymt

Oka. ?-4 Xrmss ‟]p ]p‟‟ dgc ‟Clwg Clwg‟‟ fmy tl smbmit tjm ktm` dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ilgokr`.

?.4 Glr`db Xdrd`mtmr Kg tjm dsskstdgt kgtmrodim, smbmit tjm ”Glr`db Xdrd`mtmr ‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl tjm glr`db pdrd`mtmr smttkga kgtmrodim.

84> Fmy Ymt 85> Bdsmr Ymt 89> Umturg Xlkgt 83> Ltjmr Ymt

Oka. ?-5 Xrmss ”Ukajt Ukajt‟‟ tl pdam clwg>

8=> Ilvmr Ymt 8?> Bkajt Cmbdy 81> Sk`m Ymt 8:> Mqukp`mgt Gl. Oka. ?-9

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Xrmss ”Ukajt Ukajt‟‟ tl pdam clwg>

8;> Xdsswlrc Ymt 48> Xrmvkmw Ymt 44> Bdga(诠計) 45> Bdsmr Sk`m

Oka. ?-3 Xrmss ”Ukajt Ukajt‟‟ tl pdam clwg>

49> ]ptk`m 43> Qlrf Sk`m 4=> Xrlimss Sk`ms 4?> Z Srdvmb 43> Qlrf Sk`m 4=> Xrlimss Sk`ms 4?> Z Srdvmb 41> [ Srdvmb

Oka. ?-=

?.4.4 Fmy Ymt Ymbmit tjm ”Fmy Ymt‟ Ymt‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟.

84> Ymrk. @lcm 85> Nu`p Ytmp 89> Fmy Ckr

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Oka. ?-?  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Ymrk. @lcm‟, @lcm‟, prmss ‒Mgtmr ‐ fmy tl al tl tjm ilgtkgulus `lcm

smttkga kgtmrodim. Xrmss ‒YMBMIS‐ fmy tl ijdgam tjm smttkga. Sjm ilgtkgulus `lcm smttkga lgby jds twl lptklgs> Lpmg dgc Iblsm. Ytmp‟, prmss ‒Mgtmr ‐ fmy tl al tl tjm nlaabm `lcm  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Nu`p Ytmp‟, smttkga kgtmrodim. Kt idg smt tjm ckstdgim tjdt tjm dxks `lvms mvmry tk`m ylu prmss tjm dxks `lvm`mgt fmy. 8≯ckstdgim vdbum≯488, kg ``.

 Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Fmy Ckr ‟‟,, prmss ‒Mgtmr ‐ fmy tl al tl tjm fmy plbdrkty smttkga

kgtmrodim. Sjm pdgmb‚ pdgmb‚s ckrmitklg fmys ilrrmsplgc tl tjm dxks `lvm`mgt ckrmitklgs. Ko ylu prmss Bmot fmy, eut kt `lvms rkajtwdrcs, ylu lgby gmmc tl ijdgam tjm plbdrkty dgc tjmg prmss ‒YMBMIS‐ fmy.

?.4.5 Bdsmr Ymt Ymbmit ”Bdsmr Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kg bdsmr smttkga kgtmrodim.

84> Xbusm Bkajt 85> XQ@ CKU 89> XQ@ Ormqumgiy 83> Bdsmr Udgam 85> XQ@ CKU 89> Ormqumgiy 83> XQ@ Bdsmr Udgam 8=> Bdsmr Sypm Oka. ?-1  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Xubsm Bkajt‟, Bkajt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟  fmy tl al tl tjm pubsm bkajt smttkga

dgc ckspbdy tjm vdbum smttkga kgtmrodim. Jmrm, ylu idg smt tjm pubsm bkajtkga tk`m. Qjmg ylu prmss ”Xubsm‟ ubsm‟  fmy olr d blga tk`m, tjm tk`m ks tjm pubsm bkajtkga tk`m, kg Y.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”XQ@ ”XQ@   CKU CKU‟, ‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟   fmy tl al tl tjm XQ@ plbdrkty

smttkga. Ko ylu okgc tjdt tjm ditudb tjm bkajtkga kgtmgskty kgirmdsms wjmg tjm kgtmgskty emil`ms blwmr. [lu lgby gmmc tl prmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy tl ijdgam tjm XQ@ plbdrkty, dgc tjmg prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟ fmy. fmy.

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

 Ko tjm iurslr smbmit ””XQ@ ””XQ@   ormqumgiy‟, ormqumgiy‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟   fmy tl al tl tjm XQ@

ormqumgiy smttkga dgc ckspbdy tjm vdbum smttkga kgtmrodim. Jmrm, ylu idg smt XQ@ ormqumgiy.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Bdsmr Udgam‟ Udgam‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟ fmy fmy tl al tl tjm cuty rdtkl smttkga

kgtmrodim, smt tjm `dxkù`/`kgkù` cuty rdtkl, dgc ckspbdy tjm vdbum smttkga kgtmrodim. Jmrm, ylu idg smt tjm cuty rdtkl. Cuty rdtkl smttkga rdgam> 8≯`kgkù` cuty rdtkl ≯`dxkù` cuty rdtkl ≯488. Ko tjm `dxkù` cuty rdtkl ks mqudb tl tjm `kgkù` cuty rdtkl, tjm kgtmgskty idg‚ idg‚t em dcnustmc.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Bdsmr Sypm‟, Sypm‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟   fmy tl al tl tjm bdsmr typmsmttkga

kgtmrodim dgc ckspbdy vdbum smttkga kgtmrodim. Jmrm, ylu idg smt tjm bdsmr typm. 8 olr IL5, : olr UO4, 4? olr UO5. UO4 ks olr UO bdsmr wktjlut prm-klgkzm. UO5 ks olr UO bdsmr wktj prm-klgkzm tjdt wkbb lutput 4us tkifbm pubsm.

?.4.9 Umturg Xlkgt Ymbmit tjm ”Umturg Xlkgt‟ Xlkgt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al tl tjm al edif plsktklg dotmr wlrfkga smttkga kgtmrodim.

4.Umturg Xlkgt @dijkgm Lrkakg Oka. ?-: Xrmss ”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl `lckoy> @dijkgm Lrkakg, Gl, Lrkmgtdtklg Umturg Xlkgt `mdgs tjm blidtklg wjmrm tjm bdsmr jmdc okgdbby stdys dotmr tjm mqukp`mgt lpmrdtklg lr tjm rmsmt lpmrdtklg. Dotmr otmr tjm mqukp`mgt lpmrdtklg lr tjm rmsmt lpmrdtklg, tjm bdsmr  @mijdgkidb lrkakg> D jmdc stdys kg tjm `mijdgkidb lrkakg.  Gl> Dotmr tjm mqukp`m mqukp`mgt gt lpmrdtklg, tjm bds bdsmr mr jmdc stdy stdys s kg tjm bdst bblidtklg lidtklg dotmr tjm

lpmrdtklg. mqukp`mgt qukp`mgt lpmrdtklg lr tjm rmsmt lpmrdtklg, tjm bdsmr j jmdc mdc  Lrkmgtdtklg> Dotmr tjm m stdys kg tjm usmr gmwby cmokgmc blidtkga plkgt. Ko tjm `mijdgkidb lrkakg ilkgikcms wktj tjm lrkmgtdtklg, tjm twl lptklgs drm mqukvdbmgt. Sjm usmr idg `dfm smbmitklg edsmc lg jks/jmr lwg jdekt.

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

?.4.3 Ltjmr Ymt Ymbmit tjm ”Ltjmr Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl smttkga kgtmrodim.

84> Sdebm @lcm 85> Sdebm Ckstdg. 89> Euzzmr Ymt 83> @kg Dii

Oka. ?-;  Sdebm @lcm> Il``lg @lcm, Cluebm Sdebm. Xrmss ‟YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl `lckoy.  Sdebm Ckstdgim> ko smbmit Cluebm S Sdebm, debm, kt gmmcs tl smt tjm ckstdgim emtwmmg tjm twl

wlrf tdebm. Sjm ckstdgim suenmits tl tjm twl uppmr bmot ilrgmr lo tdebm `lcmb.  Euzzmr Ymt> Ymt tjm Emmpkga tk`ms dotmr wlrfkga.  @kg Dii> Sjm `kg diim diimbmrdtklg bmrdtklg olr st stdrt drt `lvkga lr stlp `lv `lvkga. kga. Sjm bmss tjks vdbum,

tjm s`lltjmr tjm `lvm`mgt, tjm blgamr tjm wlrfkga tk`m. Glr`dbby, kt ks smt tl388``/s5. Ko d sjlrtmr wlrf tk`m ks rmqukrmc, smt tjm vdbum gl bmss tjdg :=8 ``/s5 (Diilrckga tl tjm ditudb `dijkgm tl smt tjks vdbum).

?.4.= Ilvmr Ymt Ymbmit ”Ilvmr Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al tl `lckoy.

4.Ilvmr Ymt

Iblsm

Oka. ?-48 Ko tjm smttkga kgtmrodim ckspbdys ”Lpmg Lpmg‟‟, kt `mdgs tjdt kt ks kg mgdebm `lcm glw. Ko tjm smttkga kgtmrodim ckspbdys ”Iblsm Iblsm‟‟, kt `mdgs kt ks kg cksdebm `lcm glw. Qjmg tjm ilvmr prltmit `lcm ks mgdebm. Ko tjm ilvmr prltmit kgput ks ditkvm, tjm wlrf wkbb em pdusm.

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?.4.? Bkajt Cmbdy Ymbmit ”Bkajt Cmbdy‟ Cmbdy‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl bkajt cmbdy smttkga kgtmrodim.

Olrekc cmbdy＜ [ms

Oka. ?-44 Ko Olrekc cmbdy ks ”[ms‟ ms‟, tjm pdrd`mtmrs lo bdsmr lg lr loo cmbdy kg tjm okbm wkbb em cksdebmc. Ltjmrwksm smbmit ”Gl Gl‟‟.

?.4.1 Sk`m Ymt Ymbmit ”Sk`m Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl tk`m smttkga kgtmrodim.

4.[mdr> 5.@lgtj> 9.Cdtm> 3.Jlur>

43 45 81 45

Oka. ?-45 ‐, Xrmss ”]p‟ dgc ”Clwg‟ fmys tl smbmit tjm ktm` kt m` tl em smt. Qjmg tjm iurslr ks kg ”Jlur ‐, prmss ”Clwg‟ ”Clwg‟  fmy tl ckspbdy tjm olbblwkga kgtmrodim> kgtmro dim>

9.Cdtm> 3.Jlur> =.@kgutm> ?.Ymilgc>

81 45 9= 4:

Oka. ?-49

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

Sl smt ymdr, `lgtj dgc cdtm, prmss ”]p ]p‟‟ dgc ”Clwg Clwg‟‟ euttlgs. Qjmg tjm iurslr kg dgy lptklg, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ euttlg smt tjm vdbum. Gltm> Olr tjm tk`m smttkga, mqukp`mgt guèmr dgc pdsswlrc smttkga, `dgdam`mgt Gltm> pdsswlrc ks rmqukrmc. Dotmr tjm pdsswlrc ks mgtmrmc ilrrmitby ilrrmitby,, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ tl ”Mgtmr‟ tl al tl tjm smttkga kgtmrodim.

?.4.: Mqukp`mgt Guèmr Ymbmit ”Mqukp`mgt Gl.‟ Gl.‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl mqukp`mgt guèmr smttkga kgtmrodim.

Lbc> 8:8?448D Gmw> 8 84593=?1:;DEICM2 8 LF

Idgimb

Oka. ?-43 Kgput tjm `dijkgm guèmr, dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt. Lr prmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

?.4.; Xdsswlrc Ymt Ymbmit ”Xdsswlrc Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al kgtl `dgdam`mgt pdsswlrc dgc `dijkgm blif smttkga kgtmrodim.

@dgdamIlcm xxx 5.Sk`m Bk`kt Ibls 9.Ymt Sk`m 48 3.Blif Cdtm 85 5.Sk`m Bk`kt Ibls 9.Ymt Sk`m 48 3.Blif Cdtm =.Lutput XQ

85 ---

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Oka. ?-4= Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ dgc ‟Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl smbmit ktm`. Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”@dgdam ilcm‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ fmy ”Mgtmr‟ fmy tl al tl tjm `dgdam`mgt

pdsswlrc smttkga kgtmrodim. Sjm `dgdam`mgt pdsswlrc ùst em : guèmrs.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Sk`m bk`kt‟, prmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy ”YMBMIS‟ fmy tl smbmit tl cksdebm lr mgdebm

tjm lptklg, gd`mby wjmtjmr tjm mgiryptklg ks moomitkvm. ”Mgtmr‟ fmy tl al tl tjm pdsswlrc tk`ms  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Ymt Sk`ms‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ smttkga. Jmrm, ylu idg smt pdsswlrc tk`ms (smttkga rdgam> 8~98).  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Blif Cdtm‟, Cdtm‟, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ fmy ”Mgtmr‟ fmy tl al tl tjm blif cdtm smttkga.

Sjm blif cdtm ks mgiryptmc stdrtkga tk`m. tk` m. Ymttkga rdgam> 4~5: cdys. cdys.  Ko tjm iurslr smbmits ”Lut Xdsswlrc‟, wjmg tjm obdsj cksf ks kgsmrtmc, kgsmrtmc, prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟

fmy tl mxplrt tjm pdsswlrc tmxt okbm. Gltm> Sjks systm` idg mgirypt tjm jdrcwdrm ey pjdsms. Sjm pjdsm guèmr (pdsswlrc tk`ms) ks 98 dt `lst. Sjm tk`m lo mdij pjdsm ks lgm `lgtj. Sjm pdsswlrc ks mxplrtmc dgc sdvmc kg tjm obdsj o bdsj cksf.

?.4.48 ]gblif @dijkgm Xdsswlrc Xrmvkmw Ymbmit ”Xrmvkmw Ymt‟ Ymt‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl prmvkmw tjm ugblif `dijkgm pdsswlrc ko tjm ‟Sk`m Bk`kt‟ Bk`kt‟ ks Lpmg.

84-78859=?1: 85-78459=?1: 89-78559=?1: 83-78959=?1: Oka. ?-4?

?.4.44 ?.4.4 4 Bdgaudam Bdg audam Ymbmit ‟Bdga(诠計)‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smbmit bdgaudam.

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4.Bdga(诠計) Mgabksj Oka. ?-41 Sjmrm drm tjrmm bdgaudams> Yk`pbkokmc Ijkgmsm, Ndpdgmsm dgc Mgabksj. Xrmss ”YMBMIS‟ fmy, ”YMBMIS‟ fmy, dgc tjmg prmss ”Mgtmr‟ ”Mgtmr‟  fmy.

?.4.45 Bdsmr Sk`m Ymbmit ”Bdsmr Sk`m‟ Sk`m‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm bdsmr lg tk`m. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif. Xrmss ”YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl ibmdr tjm t jm pdrd`mtmr pdrd`mtmr.. Kt ks tjm sd`m ds olbblw.

Bdsmr Sk`m 51>48>54 Oka. ?-4:

?.4.49 ]ptk`m Ymbmit ‑]ptk`m ]ptk`m‟‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm tk`m lo `dijkgm dotmr plwmr lg. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

]ptk`m 455>5=>4; 囷 ?-4;

::

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Yjmgzjmg Slpwkscl` Smijglblay Smijglblay Il., Btc

?.4.43 Qlrf Sk`m Ymbmit ‑Qlrf Sk`m‟ Sk`m‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm tltdb prlimss tk`m lo `dijkgm. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

Qlrf Sk`m =?>98>58 Oka. ?-58

?.4.4= Xrlimss Sk`ms Ymbmit ”Xrlimss Sk`ms‟ Sk`ms‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm tltdb prlimss tk`ms lo `dijkgm. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

Xrlimss Sk`ms 4?: Oka. ?-54

?.4.4? Z Srdvmb Ymbmit ”Z Srdvmb‟ Srdvmb‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm tltdb ckstdgims dxks Z jds `lvmc. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

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Z Srdvmb 984 Oka. ?-55

?.4.41 [ Srdvmb Ymbmit ”[ Srdvmb‟ Srdvmb‟, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl ijmif tjm tltdb ckstdgims dxks [ jds `lvmc. Xrmss ”Msi Msi‟‟ tl edif.

[ Srdvmb 4:8 Oka. ?-59

?.5 Dxks Xdrd`mtmr Ymttkga Kg tjm dsskstdgt ougitklg smttkga kgtmrodim, smbmit ” Dxks Dxks Xdrd`.‟ Xdrd`.‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt tjm dxks pdrd`mtmr.

84> Z Dxks 85> [ Dxks 89> ^ Dxks 83> ] Dxks

Oka. ?-53 Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ dgc ”Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl smbmit tjm dxks, dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt.

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?.5.4 Dxks Xdrd`mtmr

84> Umslbutklg 85> Ypmmc @dx 89> Ypmmc Ytlp 83> Dii 89> Ypmmc Ytlp 83> Dii 8=> Nmrf 8?> Dxks Ckstdgim

Oka. ?-5=  Umslbutklg> tjm rmslbutklg 0 tjm bmgatj tjdt tjm bdsmr jmdc `lvkga wjmg tjm `ltlr

rltdtm d iyibmÑ4888 / tjm pubsms tjdt tjm crkvmr lutput wjmg tjm `ltlr rltdtm d iyibm.  Ypmmc @dx> Sjm @dx> Sjm `dxkù` spmmc dbblwmc olr skgabm-dxks `lvm`mgt. Sjks vdbum

cmikcms tjm `dx. Mgardvkga spmmc dgc iuttkga spmmc.  Ypmmc Ytlp> Sjm spmmc lo stdrt lr stlp curkga skgabm-dxks `ltklg, k.m., tjm `ltklg

stlps spmmc.  Dii> Dii> Sjm Sjm @dx diimbmrdtklg lo tjks dxks, tjm ekaamr tjm diimbmrdtklg, tjm sjlrtmr tjm

wlrf tk`m, dgc tjm strlgamr nkttmr lo `ltklg.  Nmrf> Sjm diimbmrdtklg lo tjm diimbmrdtklg ijdgam orl` tjm `kgkù` diimbmrdtklg

tl upardcm tl tjm `dxkù` diimbmrdtklg diimbmrdtklg– –Lr tjm ijdgamc orl` tjm `dxkù` diimbmrdtklg rmcuim tl `kgkù` diimbmrdtklg curkga sblwclwg..Sjm s`dbbmr tjm nmrf, tjm wmdfmr tjm nkttmr lo `ltklg, tjm sblwmr lo lo diimbmrdtklg dgc cmimbmrdtklg. Ltjmrwksm, tjm nkttmr ks k s strlgamr strlgamr,, tjm diimbmrdtkga dgc cmimbmrdtkga ks tjm odstmr.  Dxks Ckstdgim> @dxkù` Ckstdgim> @dxkù` ckstdgim olr dxks idg `lvm.

?.5.5 Umslbutklg Ymbmit ”Umslbutklg Umslbutklg‟‟ dgc prmss ‟Mgtmr ‟ tl smt rmslbutklg. Sjmrm drm twl wdy tl idbiubdtm. Kgput tjm vdbum ckrmitby.

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Idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg orl` kgput tjm ditudb bmgatj (UmdbYkzm) dgc tjm cmskag bmgatj (QksjYkzm). Kg tjm Umslbutklg Ymttkga kgtmrodim, prmss ”@mgu @mgu‟‟ tl smt UmdbYkzm dgc tjm QksjYkzm pdrd`mtmr.

Umslbutklg Ymt UmdbYkzm 8 QksjYkzm 8 Oka. ?-5? Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ lr ‟Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl smbmit tjm ktm`, prmss ‟YMBMIS YMBMIS‟‟ tl smt tjm pdrd`mtmr. Qjmg okgksj kgput tjm vdbum lo UmdbYkzm dgc QksjYkzm, prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg dutl`dtkidbby dutl`dtkidbby.. Delut `mdsurm`mgt> Crdw d 98*98 rmitdgabm tl idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg. Qjmg `mdsurkga, tjm wkctj lo tjm bdsmr emd` gmmcs tl em ilgskcmrmc. Sjm prlimssmc rmitdgabm ks ds sjlwg kg okaurm emblw. Sdfm tjm `mdsurmc vdbum lo tjm Z dxks 93``, dgc kgput 93 kgtl tjm Qdgt Ykzm mckt elx dgc 98 kgtl tjm Qdgt Ykzm mckt elx. Ibkif lf tjm prlard` wkbb idbiubdtm lut tjm rkajt rmslbutklg. Ltjmr Dxks ks sk`kbdr. Qjmg idbiubdtm tjm rmslbutklg lo [, tjm Umdb Ykzm ks tjm bmgatj lo trdim tjm emd` `lvmc.

Oka. =-58

?.5.9 Ltjmr Dxks Xdrd`mtmrs Ymttkga Ymbmit Ypmmc @dx, Ypmmc Ytlp, Dii, Nmrf lr Dxks Ckstdgim, dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟. Kt wkbb ckspbdy tjm vdbum smttkga kgtmrodim. Diilrckga tl tjmkr rmspmitkvm pdrd`mtmr `mdgkga smt mdij pdrd`mtmr vdbum.

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?.9 Edif Ymt Kg tjm dsskstdgt ougitklg smttkga kgtmrodim, smbmit ”Edif Ymt‟ Ymt‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt tjm Jl`kga smttkga.

84> Bk`kt Ckr 85> Dxks Ckr 89> Edif Lrkakg 83> Ytdrt Kgkt 85> Dxks Ckr 89> Edif Lrkakg 83> Ytdrt Kgkt 8=> Jl`m Ypmmc

Oka. ?-5: Xrmss ”]p ]p‟‟ lr ”Clwg Clwg‟‟ tl smbmit ktm`. Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt.  Bk`kt Ckr> Bk`kt Xlbdrkty (plsktkvm dgc gmadtkvm). Qjmg tjm bk`kt plbdrkty ks plsktkvm,

tjm bk`kt skagdb‚ skagdb‚s jkaj bmvmb ks moomitkvm. Qjmg tjm bk`kt plbdrkty ks gmadtkvm, tjm bk`kt skagdb‚‚s blw bmvmb ks moomitkvm. skagdb  Dxks Ck> Ckrmitklg plbdrkty (plsktkvm dgc gma gmadtkvm)> dtkvm)> Qjmg tjm dxks `lvms rmvmrsmby rmvmrsmby,,

ylu idg rmslbvm tjks prlebm` ey ijdgakga tjks dxks dxks‚‚ ckrmitklg plbdrkty plbdrkty..  Edif Lrkakg [lu idg smbmi smbmitt dgy dxks tl rmturg tl tjm lrka lrkakg, kg, dgc ltjmr dxms dxms clg clg‚‚t

`lvm. Ytdrt rt Kgkt> [ [lu lu idg s smt mt tjm olur dxms kgckvkcudbby kgckvkcudbby.. Ko tjks dxks ks smt ds mgdebm stdtus,  Ytd tjm dxks rmturgs tl tjm lrkakg dutl`dtkidbby wjmg tjm ikriukt eldrc ks plwmrmc lg, ltjmrwksm, kt stdys kg tjm iurrmgt blidtklg. Sjm `dijkgm tdfms tjm iurrmgt plkgt ds `dijkgm lrkakg ey cmodubt.  Jl`m Ypmmc (``/s)> (``/s)>  Sjm jl`kga spmmc.

?.3 Yystm` Ymttkga Kg tjm dsskstdgt ougitklg smttkga kgtmrodim, smbmit ”Yystm` Ymt‟ Ymt‟ dgc prmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl smt

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tjm systm` smttkga.

84> Yystm` Smst 85> 89> _mrsklg Yystm` ]pcdtm Oka. ?-5; Xrmss ”Mgtmr ‟ tl al tl systm` tmst ougitklg. Kg tjm okrst tk`m, kt wkbb sjlw dg ”Kgput pdsswlrc‟‟ ckdbla. pdsswlrc

Kgput pdsswlrc \ Oka. ?-98 Gltm> Xrmss tjm ‒@kg Xlwmr ‐ euttlg 3 tk`ms, tjmg prmss ‒@dx Xlwmr ‐ euttlg 3 tk`ms tl al kg.  Yystm` Smst> tmstkga tjm ikriukt eldrc eldrc‚‚s KL, lgby usmc olr oditlry tmstkga.  _mrsklg> Ckspbdy tjm iurrmgt CYX slotwdrm vmrsklg.  Yystm` up upcdtm> cdtm> Qjmg obdsj cksf ks usmc tl upcd upcdtm tm tjm i iurrmgt urrmgt CYX slotwdrm, i ilpy lpy

tjm okbm wktj obdsj cksf emolrm tjm upcdtm lpmrdtklg. Sjm `m`lry okbm wkbb em cmbmtmc kg tjm upcdtm prlimss.

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Xdrt 1 Sjm Ormqumgtby D Dsfmc sfmc Tumstklg Jmbp 1.4 Xlwmr-lg Umsmt Tumstklg T> tjm systm` clms glt rmsmt, euttlgs gl rmsplgsm, dgc BIC gl ckspbdy ck spbdy.. D> tjm systm` rmsmt mrrlr, mrrlr, tjm slbutklg ks> Okrst, ibkif tjm ”M`mramgiy Ytlp‟ Ytlp‟ lg tjm pdgmb, dgc ijmif tjm euttlg glr`db. Ymilgc, ijmif tjm mxtmrgdb =_ dgc kgtmrgdb =_ drm wktjkg tjm glr`db.

T> lpmgkga, tjm Z, [ dxks glt `lvm, tjm BIC ckspbdy tjm `dkg kgtmrodim, idg `dgudb `lvm tjm dxks. D> tjm plwmr edif tl lrkakg mrrlr. mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Xlwmr edif tl Lrkakg‟ Lrkakg‟ kgtmrodim, smt tjm Z, [ dxks ds Lpmgkga.

T> lpmgkga, tjm Z, [ dxks rmturgs tjm lrkakg, tjm BIC stkbb sjlws ”systm` ”systm` kgktkdbkzdtklg kgktkdbkzdtklg‟‟. D> tjm plwmr edif tl lrkakg mrrlr. mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Xlwmr edif tl Lrkakg‟ Lrkakg ‟ kgtmrodim, smt tjm ^, ] dxks ds Iblsm.

T> lpmgkga, Z, [ sblw-`lvm d sjlrt ckstdgim, glt rmdij tl tjm bk`kt plkgt, dgc il`pbmtm tjm rmsmt. D> tjm Bk`kt Xlbdrkty mrrlr. mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Bk`kt ”Bk`kt  Xlbdrkty‟ Xlbdrkty‟ kgtmrodim, kgtmrodim, ijdgam tjm Z, [ plbdrkty plbdrkty..

T> lpmgkga Z, [ `lvm tl tjm lpplsktm ckrmitklg lo bk`kt swktij, D> tjm ckrmitklg plbdrkty mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Ckrmitklg ”Ckrmitklg   Xlbdrkty‟ Xlbdrkty‟ kgtmrodim, ijdgam tjm Z, [ plbdrkty.

T> euttlg `lvkga, Z, [ `lvkga ckrmitklg ks lpplsktm tl tjm euttlg `lvkga. D> tjm euttlg plbdrkty plbdrkty mrrlr mrrlr.. Kgtl tjm ”Euttlg Xlbdrkty‟ Xlbdrkty‟ kgtmrodim, ijdgam tjm Z, [ plbdrkty plbdrkty..

T> dotmr tjm il`pbmtklg lo rmsmt, Z, [ odst dutl`dtkidbby `lvkga.

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D> tjm rmarmssklg plkgt smttkga mrrlr. mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Umarmssklg Xlkgt Ymttkga‟ Ymttkga‟ kgtmrodim, smt tjm rmarmssklg plkgt ds `mijdgks` lrkakg plkgt.

T> tjm smttkga lo plwmr edif tl lrkakg ks iblsm, dotmr plwmr, Z, [ stkbb dutl`dtkidbby `lvkga. D> tjm rmarmssklg plkgt smttkga mrrlr. mrrlr. Kgtl tjm ”Umarmssklg Xlkgt Ymttkga‟ Ymttkga‟ kgtmrodim, smt tjm rmarmssklg plkgt ds `mijdgks` lrkakg plkgt.

1.5 Sjm Bdsmr Bkajt Tumstklg T> Blga bkajt dotmr plwmr lg. D> vkmw tjm mgdebm skagdb lo lo bdsmr plwmr ks wkrkga, dgc smm tjm nu`pmrs lo kgtmrodim erldc CKU9 dgc CKU3, ijmif wjmtjmr tjmy m fmmp tjm ilgskstmgiy ilgskstmgiy..

T> Qjmg tjm bkajt plwmr kgtmgskty ks eka, tjm kcm`ktsu ks s`dbb6 wjmg tjm bkajt plwmr kgtmgskty ks s`dbb, tjm kcm`ktsu ks eka. D> tjm XQ@ plbdrkty smttkga mrrlr, mrrlr, kgtl tjm euttlg plbdrkty smttkga kgtmrodim, ijdgams ijdgams tjm XQ@ plbdrkty.

T> XQ@ ormqumgiy ks ilrrmit, bkajt plwmr kgtmgskty idg em ijdgamc ey bkgm wktjkg 48% ?8%. D> ijmif tjm bdsmr plwmr plwmr suppby `lcmb, kt kt‚‚s =.= vlbtdam, glt 9.9_.

T> Qdtmr prltmitklg kgvdbkc. D> ijmif tjm bdsmr typm, tjmrm drm 9 typms> 8 ks IL5 abdss tuem6 : ks iljmrmgt abdss tuem6 4? ks UO tuem. Ko tjm bdsmr typm ks ilrrmit, pbmdsm ijmif tjm wdtmr prltmitklg ckrmitby sjlrtmc.

1.9 Sjm XI Ilggmitklg Tumstklg Sjm Tumstklgs> idg‚‚t lpmg tjm plrt.  Umdckga tjm pdrd`mtmrs, idg

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 Idg Idg‚‚t rmdc tjm pdrd`mtmrs.  Srdgsomr tjm okbm kgvdbkc.

Sjm Ylbutklgs Ylbutklgs > wjmtjmr jmtjmr tjm ]YE bkgm ks ilggmi ilggmitmc tmc ilrrmitby ilrrmitby,, dgc tjm ]YE plrt ks ilggmi ilggmitmc tmc  Ijmif w tjm XI. ilrrmitby..  Ijmif tjm ]YE crkvmr ks kgstdbbmc ilrrmitby  Ijmif tjm ]Y ]YE E plrt guèmrs lg tjm cmv cmvkim kim `d `dgdam`mgt, gdam`mgt, ko kt kt‚‚s `lrm tjdg ;,

pbmdsm ijdgam kt wktjkg 9 ’ 9 ’ ;. ;.  Sjm slotwdrm lutput plrt gmm gmmc c tl em sd`m wktj IL@ pl plrt. rt.  Kgsmrt d gmw dgc allc plrt lg tjm il`putmr il`putmr..  Iblsm tjm mqukp`mgt plwmr suppby 9 `kgutms, tjdg lpmg dadkg.  Umstdrt tjm il il`putmr `putmr,, tl arlugc tjm mqukp mqukp`mgt `mgt dg dgc c tjm il`putmr il`putmr..  Umpbdim d il`putmr.

1.3 Sjm Umdckga dgc Qrktkga lo ] cksf Tumstklg T> ibkif tjm ] cksf okbm, sjlw ds ”] cksf ks m`pty lr mrrlr ‟. D> ] cksf mrrlr. mrrlr. Ijmif tjm ] cksf plrt ks ilrrm ilrrmit. it. Umpbdim d ] cksf.

T> ibkif tjm ] cksf okbm, sjlw ds ”] cksf ”] cksf rmdckga… rmdckga…pbmdsm wdkt‟ wdkt‟, tjm kgckidtlr ks loo. D> rmpbdim tjm ] cksf idebm.

User's Manual For TL-30x Laser Engraving and Cutting Control System

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