UPSC Psychology (Mains) Last 34 Years Papers by Mrunal

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1979

Political Science (Mains) UPSC Question papers Last 34 years [1979 to 2012]

Contents 1979................................................................................................................................................. 2 1980................................................................................................................................................. 4 1981................................................................................................................................................. 6 1982................................................................................................................................................. 8 1983................................................................................................................................................. 9 1984............................................................................................................................................... 11 1985............................................................................................................................................... 13 1986............................................................................................................................................... 15 1987............................................................................................................................................... 16 1988............................................................................................................................................... 18 1989............................................................................................................................................... 20 1990............................................................................................................................................... 22 1991............................................................................................................................................... 24 1992............................................................................................................................................... 26 1993............................................................................................................................................... 27 1994............................................................................................................................................... 29 1995............................................................................................................................................... 31 1996............................................................................................................................................... 33 1997............................................................................................................................................... 34 1998............................................................................................................................................... 36 1999............................................................................................................................................... 37 2000............................................................................................................................................... 39 2001............................................................................................................................................... 41 2002............................................................................................................................................... 43 2003............................................................................................................................................... 45 2004............................................................................................................................................... 47 2005............................................................................................................................................... 48 2006............................................................................................................................................... 50

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1979

2007............................................................................................................................................... 52 2008............................................................................................................................................... 53 2009............................................................................................................................................... 55 2010............................................................................................................................................... 57 2011............................................................................................................................................... 59 2012............................................................................................................................................... 62

1979 Paper I 1. Write brief explanatory or illustrative notes on any five of the following: 1. Autonomic nervous system 2. Types of drives 3. James-Lange theory of emotion 4. Volley theory of audition 5. Perceptual defence 6. RG. R. 7. Distinction between short term and long term memory. 2. Answer briefly any five of the following: 1. What do you understand by Scotopic and Photopic vision? 2. What are the characteristics of human nervous system that distinguish it from other animal's nervous system? 3. What is the difference between frequency and place theories audition? 4. Enumerate the factors that determine depth perception. 5. What are the cues for knowing body position and movement? 6. What do you mean by the term ‘person perception’ 7. How do you distinguish between reliability and validity of a test? Section I 1. Examine critically the definition of Psychology as the study of behavior. Point out therein how Psychology differs from other sciences that also study behavior. 2. Explain the role of endocrinal functioning in personality development citing a few illustrations. 3. ‘An individual is the product of heredity interacting with cooperating environment operating at the appropriate time of maturation.’ Discuss this statement, quoting the findings of some experimental studies in this area. 4. ‘We perceive what we want, and not what it is’ Examine the truth of this statement, pointing out especially the motivational factors determining perception and substantiating your answer with some research findings.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1979

5. What are the problems studied by psychophysical methods? Examine the points of similarities and differences among these methods. Section II 1. Answer the following questions 1. Bring out the main issues on which learning theories divide themselves 2. Explain the main postulates of Hull's learning theory. 2. Answer the following questions 1. What is the effect of storage load in the retrieval process? Cite experimental findings 2. Explain the factors that affect long-term recall. 3. What is the nature of a concept? Describe any investigation to study the attainment or measurement of concepts. 4. Explain and illustrate the terms ‘mental age’ and ‘intelligence quotient’ pointing out the superiority of the latter over the former in the measurement of intelligence. 5. Answer the following questions 1. What are the different forms of thinking? 2. Illustrate how mental set affects thinking or problem solving process. Paper II Section I 1. Discuss how Freud's Psycho-analysis is based on his theory of Psycho-sexual development. Illustrate your answer by describing case histories of a neurotic and a psychotic 2. Describe the Lewinian Concept of Life-space with special reference to the principles of dimensions and differentiation. How does it differ from S-O-R interpretation of behavior. 3. Discuss the basic diagnostic rationale behind the projective tests. Illustrate your answer with reference to individual projective tests. Examine the reliability, validity and utility of these tests. 4. Describe the different steps involved in the construction of a Thurstonian type of attitude scale using any social issue. What are the advantages of this technique? 5. What is meant by theory of personality? How do you explain the existence of divergent theories of personality? In what essential way does Allport's theory of personality differ from Cattell's? Section II 1. Analyse the dynamics and the developmental processes behind psycho-somatic disorders. How do they differ from psychqtic and neurotic disorders. 2. Do you agree with the view that mal-adjustment to home is the single major factor for juvenile delinquency? Cite supporting evidence. Suggest treatment and remedial measures of juvenile delinquency.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1980

3. What is meant by ergonomics? How does it help improve industrial productivity. 4. Discuss the basic principles and methods for effective group therapy. How does the therapist create a therapeutic climate in the group through inter-actional transference situations? 5. Write critical notes on any two of the following: 1. Community psychiatry in the Indian context 2. Motivational dynamics of drug addiction 3. Behavior modification 6. How can the problems of stagnation and wastage ridding our educational scene be solved? 7. What inputs could you suggest to overcome the psychological disadvantages of the culturally deprived children to motivate them for better achievement. 8. It is often held that achievement at school is significantly influenced by adjustment to the school. Cite findings of research studies to illustrate your answer.

1980 Paper I 1. Write brief explanatory or illustrative notes on any five of the following: 1. Movement and space errors in judgement 2. Relational discrimination. 3. Subliminal perception 4. Species specific behavior 5. Role of endocrine glands in personality development 6. Interrelation between reliability and validity 7. Imprinting 8. Retroactive inhibition 2. Answer briefly any five of the following: 1. How is a constant error in judgement taken care of in a psycho-physical experiment? 2. What do you understand by sensory deprivation? 3. What is the functional significance of having two eyes or two ears? 4. How do you distinguish between classical and instrumental conditioning? 5. What is the duplicity theory of vision? 6. Illustrate the influence of context or set in perception. 7. How do you genetically explain the differences among children of even same parents? 8. Why should intelligence tests be standardized for different countries and cultures if intelligence is said to be least affected by environment? Section I

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1980

1. Examine the place of humanistic psychology within the framework of psychology as it has come to be understood since the starting of the first laboratory of psychology. 2. Discuss the recent experimental studies of the functioning of the human brain and explain the implications of the findings to the understanding of the physiological basis of the levels of consciousness. 3. Activities phylogenetic in nature are least susceptible to improvement through practice, while activities ontoganetic in nature are observed to be appreciably accelerated by practice at appropriate maturational level. Examine fully the significance of this statement, citing some experimental evidences to support it. 4. Answer the following questions 1. What are the bodily changes that accompany an emotion? 2. How have psychologist applied the knowledge of the occurrence of these changes in understanding the individual behavior? 5. Answer the following questions 1. Explain the terms: ‘absolute limen'differential limen'’ point subjective equality'. 2. Describe any one psycho-physical experiment to study the differential limen. Section II 1. Perception is a selective process. Discuss fully this statement, citing the results of a few experimental studies. 2. Compare and contrast the main issues in the learning theories of Hull and Tolman. 3. Answer the following questions 1. Compare the different measures of retention and explain the advantages of the method which you consider the best. 2. What is meant by organization of memory? How does it help improve recall? 4. Answer the following questions 1. Explain the meaning of ‘perceptual defence’ or ‘functional fixedness’ 2. Describe an experiment to study any one of the above terms. 5. Answer the following questions 1. Discuss briefly how far the theories regarding the nature of intelligence have influenced the approaches to its measurement 2. Must all tests be valid? Explain the conditions in which a test could have low validity without prejudice to its utility. Paper II Section A 1. Describe the basic concepts of the Gestalt School of Psychology. Examine the systems which are closely allied and opposed to it in their approaches.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1981

2. Discuss how personality is an integration of psychological needs and social demands. How would Lewin interprete this process of integration in personality development? 3. Critically evaluate the questionnaire method of personality measurement. Illustrate your answer by citing any one questionnaire method. Is Statistical method in any way useful in this context? 4. Describe a Semantic Differentia! Technique with illustrations. Discuss its reliability, validity and utility in social psychological research. 5. Describe the chief characteristics of a neurotic life style. Indicate the major fantasies of anticipated harm entertained by neurotic. Section B 1. Discuss the merits and limitations of the use of experimentally established principles of learning for the purpose of changing unadaptive behavior 2. Examine critically the ecological approach to community Mental Health problems. Illustrate your answer with an example. 3. What is sociopathic personality? Discuss the importance of family relationship in sociopathic personality syndrome. 4. Discuss the role of Psychology in personnel selection in industry. Does proper selection ensure productivity as well as job satisfaction of the workers? 5. Write critical notes on any two of the following: 1. Delusions of persecution and grandeur 2. Alcoholism and its treatment 3. Existential approach to personality

1981 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200 words: 1. Examine the utility of introspective data in the study of behavior. 2. S S connections or mental map in animal learning. 3. What are the main patterns of localization of functions in the brain? 4. Name and explain the types of errors which affect the study of sensory thresholds. 2. Explain the main areas of application and the limitations of psychology in the social and economic development of society. 3. Examine the physiological affects of emotional arousal, the external influences, and the internal control of emotions in the light of the fact that they (emotions) are significant in making life exciting, challenging and demanding? 4. Examine the role of endocrine and social learning mechanisms in the formation of personality. Section B

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1981

1. Answer any three of the following. Each answer should be in about 200 words: 1. Describe the techniques for the study of concept formation in children. 2. Explain the lowest common denomination of learning Guthrie's system. 3. Give examples with explanations for the 2-factor theory of intelligence. 4. What is probability learning? Give examples for this kind of learning from human and animal behavior 2. In what respects do the major learning theories differ from one another. 3. Coming to think of the vast array of materials you have learnt, how do you retain and recall them as will? What psychological and physiological mechanisms are involved? 4. Explain Guildford's model of human intellect and point out its contribution to our understanding of creativity. Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Explain the existential theory and its implications to modern psychology. 2. Describe Likert's technique of attitude measurement and compare it with that of Thurstone. 3. Briefly describe semantic differential technique in social psychological research. 4. Describe the determinant of the Rorschach Test which assess Introversion and Extroversion. 2. ‘Modern Psychology has outlived the schools’ Explain with reference to the current trends in modern psychological research and the recent counterparts of the schools in psychological theory and applications. 3. Evaluating the different approaches to the assessment of personality, examine how far the factor approach as propounded by Cattell explains the nature of the personality. 4. How do the determinants and the dynamics of personality as explained by Murray compare with the basic tenets of Allport? Section B 1. Write short notes on any three of the following. Each in about 200 words: 1. Reliability and validity of projective tests 2. Personnel selection in industries 3. Personality adjustment and school achievement 4. Drug addiction 2. ‘Modem community psychiatry emphasizes the importance of the social environment in determining and changing human behavior’ Explain with reference to current trends in preventive psychiatric treatment. 3. Discuss modern behavior therapy stating its salient features. Explain in what sort of cases this is most effective. State also countra-indications, if any.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1982

4. Leadership is best conceived as an interpersonal phenomenon of role relationships within a group rather than as personal attribute or aspect of an individual. Examine the statement.

1982 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Examine the problems and difficulties of experimental method in studying human behavior. Suggest remedies. 2. Throw light on the role of glands-in emergency action of the organism. 3. Describe experimental evidences on the fluctuations of two brain hemispheres 4. Explain the plasticity of visual system. 2. There is no single theory of vision which attempts to account for all the visual phenomena-Discuss with experimental evidence. 3. Examine whether the central nervous system develops in a fixed way or that its development can be changed by systematically manipulating the environment. Does this mean that the brain can be either impaired or improved? 4. Discuss the value of co-twin studies in understanding the influence of genetic factors in the development of personality. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. How do the experimental findings of Harlow (1949) with monkeys; and Lewinsoni and Rees (1963) with young children, explain the phenomenon of the learning set? 2. Examine the statement that forgetting is more due to dynamic motivational factors of personality rather due to more disuse or lapse of time. 3. Describe emotions in terms of their basic dimensions. 4. Examine the role of set in thinking. 2. Critically comment on the following: 1. Tolman claims his system to be genuine behaviorism 2. That it is molar than a molecular types of behaviorism. 3. What is intelligence? How is its organization explained? 4. Briefly explain the main principles which determine and affect human motivation, citing illustrations taken from day-to-day life. Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following. Each answer should not exceed 200 words: 1. Compare classical conditioning with instrumental conditioning bringing out their contributions to modern psychology.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1983

2. State and examine the theoretical systems constructed by Skinner and Hull on learning. 3. Do you think, the Gestalt school is a reaction to any other school in interpreting human behavior? Give reasons. 4. Lewin's concept of Psychological field is mainly based on his concept of dynamic interactional matrix. Explain. 2. The empirical data on human behavior available today enable us to proceed with systematic theory building without necessarily belonging to any of the schools. Evaluate. 3. Describe the nature and main determinants of personality and discuss Eysenck's account of the dimensions of personality. 4. Discuss how far personality inventories like M. M. P. I, and the 16 P. F. Are effective means of assessing personality. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following. No answer shall exceed 200 words: 1. Describe the different steps involved in devising a Thurstonian scale of attitude measurement and comment on its utility. 2. Explain the role of the psychologist in social change and national development. 3. Current trends in family therapy, group therapy and the encounter movement have opened up new horizons in community psychiatry. Comment. 4. Differential diagnosis of psychoneurosis, psychosis and psychosomatic disorders depends on symptomatology and one's theoretical orientation. Elucidate. 2. Discuss the effectiveness of psycho-analytic therapy. Compare it with modern behavior therapy bringing out the merits and demerits of both. 3. Briefly discuss the recent studies on the motivation of the culturally and socially deprived school children and the implications for modern education. 4. The man machine system has been subjected to considerable study and research in the area of organisational behavior. Explain the statement bringing out the salient features of human engineering.

1983 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Discuss the problems relating to experimental design both in laboratory and field situations in establishing cause and effect relationship. Does measurement in correlation studies provide any help in indicating cause effect relationship? 2. Evaluate the methods of study used in brain localisation.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1983

3. Examine the view that endocrine system is the basic key for understanding the total personality. 4. Cite experimental evidences in support of cognitive theory of emotion. Do you think it explains the phenomenon satisfactorily? 2. Discuss the relationship between the various divisions of the autonomic nervous system, and their functions in an emergency situation. 3. Evaluate the effects of sensory and environmental deprivation on the development of animal and human abilities and behavior based on experimental evidences. Does it affect the genetic potentialities of an organism? 4. Elucidating the concepts of need, drive and incentive, discuss the problems involved in measuring motives in human beings. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Describe the nature and components of signal detection theory. 2. Discuss the relationship between high intelligence and creativity in the light of the studies made on the subject. 3. Discuss the limitations in using conventional IQ Tests on unsophisticated and illiterate population in India. Suggest corrective measures. 4. How do you establish reliability and validity of a test? Does reliability guarantee validity? 2. ‘We see things as we are, not as things are.’ Elaborate the various implications of this statement. 3. Discuss the nature and kinds of reinforcement in learning process. Examine the different theories propounded by Psychologists to interpret the phenomenon of reinforcement. 4. What is concept learning? Describe the various factors affecting concept attainment. Does Information processing model help in understanding conception formation better? Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following. Each answer should not exceed 200 words: 1. What light no neo-behaviorists throw on the problem of learning? Indicate briefly their impact on personality theory. 2. Examine the evidence offered be Gestalt psychologists to establish their concept of organised wholeness of behavior. 3. Among the determinants of personality development the biological and biochemical seems to be supreme Elucidate. 4. Contemporary psychological studies in India have among other things concentrated on population. Growth, economic development and sociocultural deprivation. Explain. 2. Actually there is no single S-R theory, but rather a cluster of theories all resembling each other more or less, but at the same time each possessing

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1984

certain distinctive qualities like explicitness, economy of formulation and empirical anchoring. Discuss. 3. Evaluate the theories of Freud and Eysenck regarding the structure of personality. Indicate how far they have succeeded En explaining human behavior. 4. Explain the use of W. A. I. S. And. The M. M. P. I. As diagnostic instruments. Do you think the Rorschach could be a suitable substitute? Section B 1. Attempt any three of the following. Each answer should not exceed 200 words: 1. Bring out clearly the factors that influence social perception. 2. ‘By organisational climate we mean the personality of the institution.’ Discuss. 3. Describe the problem of learning disabilities of socially disadvantaged children. What concrete steps can psychology provide? 4. Briefly discuss the role of educational institutions as instruments of socialisation and social change. 2. Define attitude. How are attitudes formed? How can we change attitudes? Explain in the light of suitable theories with illustrations. 3. ‘Psycho-analytic therapy tries to help the patient attain self-knowledge, selfcontrol and maturity. Behavior therapy is the use of experimentally established principles of learning for the purpose of changing un-adaptive behavior.’ Discuss. 4. Discuss the nature of effective leadership in an organization with special reference to Indian situation.

1984 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Examine how the central care, the lymbic system and the outer core of the human brain constitute a complex system that maintains the integrity of the organism. 2. Evaluate the genetic study of genius. 3. Describe perception of movement and depth. 4. Critically examine the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. 2. Describe the different approaches to the study of psychology. Do you think by applying scientific methods the view points of various approaches can be reconciled in understanding the different aspects of living organism-both animal and human? 3. Do you agree with the view that heredity and environmental influences constitute an interactional end-product of complex mainfolds of many specific influences? Indicate in this context evidences based on studies on animals and human beings.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1984

4. It is suggested that the biological requirements of man are of much less importance in behavior than are his psychological needs. Examine this point of view. Describe the various psychological needs. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Evaluate the views of Jensen and Piaget on intelligence. 2. Describe the steps involved in construction and standardisation of psycho-metric tests. 3. Examine the findings of sex differences in aptitudes and explain the reasons for the differences, if any. 4. Evaluate the problems of Validation of General Intelligence Tests with reference to Cross Cultural data. 2. Explain with suitable experimental evidences that the failure to remember is basically an interference phenomenon. 3. Describe the processes and factors involved in operant conditioning. Illustrate how certain types of daily behavior can be brought under control through operant conditioning. 4. Distinguish thinking as a problem-solving behavior from sensory motor learning. Discuss the role of ‘set’ in thinking. Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Discuss the essential features of field theory in psychology. 2. Do you agree with the view that psychology in India has reached a takeoff stage? Justify. 3. Elaborate the behaviorist's views on individual's freedom and responsibility. 4. Explain the different techniques of measuring anxiety. 2. State the problem of reinforcement in modern learning theory in its various aspects. What is your assessment of the role of positive reinforcement in learning? 3. Evaluate critically the Rogerian theory of personality. 4. Explain critically the studies of emergence of communal prejudice in children, with special reference to studies in Indian context. Section B 1. Write short answer to any three of the following (each not exceeding 200 words):

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1985

1. What is the relation of n-achievement motive to socio-economic development? 2. In the context of relevant studies, discuss the nature of effective leadership in organizations. 3. Describe some studies on need for affiliation and need for power. How are the two needs related? Discuss. 4. Explain any one: 1. Psychophysiology of schizophrenia 2. Personality types and deviant behavior 3. Deprivation in early childhood and mental development. 2. Make as exhaustive a list as possible of current psychotherapeutic techniques. Evaluate Gestalt therapy. 3. Summarise the contemporary trends in North American Psychology. 4. Discuss the importance of intellectual and non-intellectual factors underlying school achievement.

1985 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Discuss the advantages and limitations of quantification and measurement of human behavior. Illustrate your answer with examples. 2. Examine the implications of ‘experiment or effect’ in laboratory experiments. Explain whether you can control such effects. 3. How is endocrine system related to emotional syndrome? Can it explain the whole process of emotional arousal and control? 4. Two children of same parents happen to be different in mental equipment and behavior patterns. Can you explain this phenomenon on the basis of polygenic model of inheritance? 2. Discuss the principal functional properties of drive both innate and acquired. Analyse the motivational components underlying acquired drives with illustrations. Do acquired drives have any relevance in social planning? 3. How does classical psychophysics differ from modern psychophysics? Differentiating between the two, discuss Steven's power law. 4. Examine the physiological and physical mechanism of colour vision. Critically evaluate the various theories of colour perception. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. What is the factorial theory of intelligence? Do measuring techniques also vary depending on the implications of this theory? 2. Discuss the issues of racial and cultural differences in the intelligence. 3. What is the role of modelling in learning? Is any imitation a part of modelling mechanism?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1985

4. What is information processing analysis of thinking? Cite recent experimental evidences in this context. 2. How does Pavlovian conditioning differ from the Skinnerian type? What is the nature and role of reinforcement in both the types of conditioning? 3. Explain the processes and principles of reconstruction in remembering with experimental evidence. Can you understand better by some of your day-to-day intriguing experiences in the light of this theory? Illustrate your answer. 4. Discuss the measurement techniques of abilities, aptitudes and achievement. How do you assure reliability and validity of these tests? Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Freudians and the neo-Freudians are similar in approach but differ in points of emphasis. Discuss. 2. Field theory has given to Psychology certain concepts that are very valuable in analysing human behavior. Comment 3. Explain the essential differences between traditional behaviorism and non-behaviorism. 4. Psychology in India has become more problem oriented and gradually finding its own identity. Discuss. 2. Explain the culture personality approach and discuss the role of child rearing practices in personality formation. 3. Unbalanced cognitive systems tend to shift towards a state of balance. Discuss in the context of attitude or cognition. 4. Bring out the essential features of projective tests of personality and discuss their relative merits and shortcomings over psychometric tests. Section B 1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Is there a motivational syndrome associated with agro-economic development? Discuss. 2. Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not two poles of the same continuum but constitute separate dimensions. Discuss. 3. Deeply rooted in learning theories, behavior therapy uses principles of reinforcement in changing maladaptive behavior. Discuss. 4. Discuss the educational problems of socio culturally disadvantaged children. 2. Discuss whether mental health is to be considered only as an absence of mental disease. In this context, explain with suitable examples what is meant by psychosomatic diseases. 3. Giving suitable illustrations, discuss different bases of social power. 4. Discuss school as a social system. In this context, indicate how interactions within the classroom affect children's performance.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1986

1986 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Describe the nature and types of variables in psychological experiments. Discuss the problem relating to single and multiple variables in psychological experimentation. Illustrate your answer. 2. Enumerate the similarities and differences in the functioning of the two cerebral hemispheres in human beings and explain the phenomenon of cerebral dominance. Cite experimental evidences in this context 3. Critically evaluate the concept of homeostasis and drive reduction theory of motivation. 4. How do you measure the RL and DL of any sense modality? What is the Weber-Fechner Law? Has it got any relevance in real life situation? 2. The complex action and interaction of pituitary and adrenal glands with nervous system play a crucial role in the integration of bodily responses. Discuss. Is this syndrome in any way connected with personality development? 3. Examine and evaluate the different theories of emotion citing experimental evidences. What role do the cognitive factors play in rousing and sustaining emotions? 4. What can we inherit? Discuss the various difficulties in isolating the hereditary characteristics from the acquired ones, in some crucial cognitive and personality structures? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Evaluate the two-process theories of Memory. 2. Discuss the role of set in thinking with experimental evidences. Do mental sets guarantee correct thinking? 3. Is it possible to separate creativity from intelligence? Cite evidences. How do you measure creativity as different from intelligence? 4. Describe the various steps in constructing and standardizing an attitude scale on a given population. Does sampling procedure create any difficulties in this context? 2. External determinants of stimulus may lead to attention but internal determinants make perception meaningful. Discuss. Describe the factors responsible for wrong perception. 3. What are the essential features of S-R approach in learning skills? Can it explain all complex learning in human beings? If not suggest other approaches supposed to account for human learning.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1987

4. Discuss the various theories regarding the levels of ability components of intelligence. How are they related to age and mental development of an individual? Paper II Section A 1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Salient features of basic and applied areas of Psychology developed in post-Independence India. 2. Lewin's theory of structure of personality. 3. Validity and reliability of Interview for personality assessment. 4. Steps for mental health promotion programs. 2. Distinguish between the concepts of trait, type and dimension as used in theories of personality. Discuss any one theory of personality based on one of the above concepts. 3. Examine the contributions of psychoanalysis and behaviorism to the development of psychological thought How far are these two classical schools relevant today in the crucial and critical problems faced by our society? 4. Discuss the different models of behavioral stress seeking to explain psychosomatic disorders. Illustrate through examples of specific symptomsbehavioral syndromes of proneness to Coronary Heart diseases. Section B 1. Write short answer to any three of the following (each not exceeding 200 words): 1. The socially disadvantaged student-their motivational problems. 2. Behavior therapy-cognitive Behavior Modification and Meditation. 3. Job attitude versus job behavior. 4. Affiliation motivation and implementation of Integrated Rural Development Programs (IRDP). 2. Analyse the concept of prejudice and discuss caste or religious prejudice in India. Briefly trace the development of prejudice in children. 3. What are the motivation bases for economics development of a society? Also discuss the applicability or otherwise of concept of the Protestant Ethic in this context. 4. What do you mean by organizational climate? Is it a unitary or multidimensional concept? How far does the theory of open system help our understanding of organizational climate?

1987 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three-of the following in about 200 words each:

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1987

1. What are the steps in Scientific Method? Considering these steps how far do you justify the place of Psychology in Science? Give your comments with examples from the subject matter of Psychology. 2. Discuss the localization of functions in the brain with particular reference to memory functions as propounded by Brodmann. 3. Describe signal detection theory and explain how it proposes an improvement over classical Psychological Physics. 4. Pituitary gland is the master gland. In light of this statement narrate the functions of pituitary gland. 2. Discuss the salient features of field experiment in psychology. Illustrate how, you would plan to conduct a field experiment on any Psychological problem of rural India. 3. Discuss the statement: Heredity sets the limits and environment provides opportunities to reach that limit. In your discussion cite important studies on families, on twins, and on foster home children. 4. Discuss the physiological bases of any two biogenic motives. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Explain briefly the nature of discrimination and generalization processes. Illustrate a typical experiment in respect of each of these processes. 2. Discuss the paradigms of transfer of training giving suitable examples. How do you distinguish between the term transfer of training and transposition? 3. Why is the index of validity of a test generally of a lower range in comparison to its reliability? Explain the models of establishing Validity of an intelligence test. 4. What is the concept of Concept? Discuss any model of concept learning. 2. Citing some important studies, discuss the motivational determinants of Perception. Elucidate the electrical field theory to explain visual figural after effect. 3. Discuss the behavioristic interpretation of the process of problem solving with the help of suitable experiments. How does the behavioristic interpretation differ from that of the Gestalt view? 4. Explain the term intelligence Viz-a-viz creativity. Discuss different factorial theories of intelligence along with you own evaluation of these theories. Paper II Section A 1. Write short notes on any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. behaviorism was a necessary protest but it hit beyond the mark. Discuss. 2. What do you understand by psychosomatic disorders? Explain the aetiology with special reference to gastrointestinal or respiratory system.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1988

3. Explain the appearance of different schools of psychology. How can it reconcile with the claims of psychology to be a science? 4. Using protective tests for the assessment of personality is an exercise in futility Do you agree? Illustrate your answer with TAT or Rorschach test 2. Briefly discuss the contributions of Neo-Freudians and show how they differ from classical psychoanalysts. 3. Compare and contrast the theory of personality propounded by Rogers and Erikson. 4. Discuss the dimensional approach to personality & show how far this has helped in the scientific assessment of personality. Section B 1. Attempt any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. From the point of view of community mental health for all by AD 2000 work out a project for mental health in our country. 2. Evaluate the efficacy of behavior therapy in the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction. 3. Explain the role of motivation in economic development citing studies made in India. 4. How are attitudes formed? Can they be modified or changed? Explain with special reference to conditions obtaining in our country. 2. Give a descriptive account of leadership in an. Industrial establishment. Discuss the role of the leader in group rivalries. 3. Education is a process of socialisation and social change. Discuss the steps taken by the national government for the socially disadvantaged groups. 4. Examine the relation of prejudice to self-regard and confirmity. Do you agree with Gordon All ports view that prejudiced attitudes may serve as psychological crutches for those crippled in the encounter of life?

1988 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Why is it difficult to unravel the relative importance of maturation and training in most human performance? Give concrete illustrations. 2. Explain and illustrate the terms stimulus generalization, response generalization and mediated generalization. Does the phenomenon of stimulus generalization represent a failure of association? Give experimental evidence. 3. How is creativity related to intelligence? Discuss the earlier and contemporary trends of research on creativity.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1988

4. Discuss the nature of perceptual organization. Show whether it is innately determined or acquired. Cite experimental evidence in support of your answer. 2. How far would you justify the view that contemporary psychology is by no means a unified field of study? Give your answer with reference to tough minded approach based on hard date as opposed to tender minded approach based on rational principles. 3. How does discrimination learning differ from learning by instrumental conditio-ning? Give your comments with relevant experimental evidences on the associative as opposed to relational type of explanations of discrimination learning. 4. Analyse the process of early socialization. Discuss the effects of exclusive mothering and substitute care on the child's later personality development. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. What are the various problems of measuring intelligence by means of intelligence tests? Give suitable illustrations. 2. Discuss the implications of the Organizational Man and the Humanistic Man Models for behavior change. 3. Give your comments on prediction of behavior from the knowledge of attitudes. Discuss cognitive dissonance approach and assimilation contrast approach to attitude change. 4. Analyse the process of communication and discuss the various strategies for making communication more effective. 2. Compare and contrast All port's trait theory and Freud's psychoanalytic theory with respect to their concept of personality, assumptions concerning human nature, empirical validation and application. 3. Discuss the nature and complexities of altered states of consciousness which are produced by hypnosis, drug Use and meditation. 4. What are the characteristics of motivated behavior? Give a critical account of Drive theory and Need hierarchy theory of motivation. Paper II Section A 1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Elucidating the concept of change-proneness, indicate its main psychological correlates. 2. Effectiveness of participatory management style is conditioned by the socio cultural context Comment. 3. Behavior therapy is rooted in some basic principles of learning. Explain. 4. Just putting the test questions in an objective form does not necessarily render the test scientific. Comment, and elucidate the characteristics of a good psychological test.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1989

2. Distinguish neurotic from psychotic disorders, and outline the common symptoms that go with depression. 3. Describe in concrete terms the interaction process analysis and discuss its utility in a classroom situation. 4. Any step to effect change is, beset with the phenomenon of resistance. Comment and discuss the psychological factors that are responsible for ‘resistance’ to change. Section B 1. Attempt any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Elucidate the concepts of prolonged deprivation and relative deprivation. 2. Pathology of prejudice is but a small part of the story of prejudice. Comment 3. Discuss the psychological factors that make communication in an organization effective. 4. Elucidate the psychological components of the entrepreneur syndrome. 2. Referring to different studies, discuss the role of achievement motivation in economic development. In this context, discuss whether agro-economic development is associated with a distinct pattern of motivation. 3. In the context of relevant studies, discuss the psychological correlates of sociocultural disadvantage. 4. Elucidating the concept of stress, discuss its psychological consequences. In this context, outline the role of some socio-psychological factors that help in the management of stress.

1989 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Distinguish between Classical and Instrumental conditioning on operational and theoretical grounds. 2. Discuss the role of extraneous variables in social research. How can they be controlled? 3. Critically examine the role of non-cognitive factors in perception. 4. What do you understand by term ‘National Character’ Critically examine the present Indian National Character according to your perception. 2. On the basis of experimental evidence discuss whether the phenomenon of perceptual defence is an experimental artifact and indicate the kind of mechanism that the phenomenon presupposes.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1989

3. Discuss, with reference to suitable experimental studies, the role of positive and negative instances in concept formation, and explain the strategies of concept learning. 4. What are the various stages involved in the processing and storage of information in human memory? Discuss. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Discuss the utility of psychometric vs. Protective tests in personality assessment. 2. Examine the implication of Expectancy Value theory of motivation in the light of experimental evidence concerning achievement oriented behavior in man. 3. Briefly discuss either Balance or Cognitive Dissonance theory of attitude change. 4. Define intelligence and discuss critically Spearman's two-factor theory. What are the latest views on the structure of human abilities. 2. Briefly describe the main factors responsible for effective communication. 3. What kind of relationship exists between culture and personality? Examine critically the concept of personality in Indian thought. 4. Which model of man do you consider to be most appropriate in the present social context? Give your reasons. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Critically examine the effect of television on the people of rural India. Suggest suitable measures to bring about socio-cultural change through this mass media. 2. Discuss how certain persons are predisposed to develop neurotic behavior under stress. What are the adaptive functions of neurotic symptoms? 3. Describe the major barriers of effective communication in a public sector industrial set-up in India. 4. Psychological properties of a small group determine its cohesion as well as its quality of decision making process. Illustrate your answer. 2. Critically examine the various terms of reliability and validity of psychological tests. Does reliability guarantee validity? Cite some tests of questionable validity. 3. What are the basic experimental findings which have contributed to behavior therapy? Can it be the sole therapeutic method to handle all types of behavior disorders? 4. What are the psychological resistances to social change? Draw up a program of change in favour of family planning in India, emphasising the successful removal of resistances existing in this area.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1990

Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words). 1. What are the Psycho-Social factors behind drug addiction? Suggest a rehabilitation program for the drug addicts. 2. What are the basic psychological problems of the adolescents in the home and school situations? Suggest measures for the proper adjustment of the adolescents both in homes and schools 3. What is appropriate technology? How does technological change influence human behavior and interaction? Point out its psychosocial implications in rural India, citing case studies. 4. What is prejudice? Do you think it is a part of personality syndrome which develops through socialization? How would you intervene in this process to arrest its development? 2. Authoritative decision making on the part of a leader does not rule out participatory management processes. Discuss. How does it operate in Indian industrial organizations? 3. Incentives do play a major role in work performance but they do not guarantee to maximize it. Discuss this by citing examples from different work situations. 4. What are the psychological and cognitive deficiencies of socially disadvantaged children? Draw up an effective educational training program to remove these deficiencies and bring them to the main stream of school children.

1990 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. What are the essential criteria for conducting a true experiment? Explain by giving a suitable example. 2. Operational definitions of learning facilitate scientist's activity. Discuss. 3. How does signal detection theory differ, classical psychophysics? Discuss 4. Point out the main differences in the approaches of Western and Vedantic theories of personality. 2. Though the model of Hebb has many shortcomings in the field of perception and certainty cannot be called a satisfactory general theory, it probably goes further in suggesting the way towards such a theory than do other conceptions that lack its denotational clarity and boldness of design? Discuss. 3. As you observe people about you, are you able to determine differences in their ability to do abstract, mechanical and social tasks? How would you investigate mechanical and social intelligence? How would the knowledge of these factors serve as an encouragement to children who do not possess high abstraction ability?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1990

4. Tendency to succeed is a multiplicative function of motive to achieve success, probability of success and incentive value of the goal. Discuss. Section B 1. Differentiate any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Field experiment and field study. 2. Thurstone and Likert attitude scales. 3. Roger's concept of the fully functioning person and Maslow's notion of self actualization. 4. Convergent and Divergent thinking. 2. Explain the characteristics of pre-existing attitudes as factors in attitude modification. 3. The human infants of different societies are biologically similar and born a social. It is the culture that makes them different and social. Elucidate with reference to the process of socialization. Give suitable examples. 4. Critically examine the human problems in aviation and space flight. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Critically examine the view that Intelligence scores very depending on various socio cultural differences of the subjects tested. Evaluate the status of reliability and validity of these tests as predictive instruments. 2. The same fire which melts butter hardens steel! Explain this phenomenon in the Context of frustration and stress resolution in personality development with examples. 3. What are the characteristics of neurotic and psychotic depressions? Do you think the lines of treatment should be similar in both? 4. What are the different forms of group therapy? Does it exclude behavior therapy from its process of insight development? 2. Discuss the motivational determinants of effective job performance. Do individual differences in respect of job satisfaction play a significant role in job performance? 3. How do socio-economic disadvantages adversely affect the cognitive development of children in early years of growth? Suggest ameliorative and compensatory educational measures to modify these deficiencies. Indicate the critical period concept in this context. 4. Examine the various ethnic and communal prejudices which operate against the forces of national integration in India. How do you plan a program of education and propaganda media leading to healthy national integration? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1991

1. Different leadership styles determine the nature and quality of group management. Discuss. 2. What are the motivational and attitudinal components of change proneness? Draw up a program of change to enhance and strengthen this property in people. 3. What is Entrepreneur syndrome? How do environmental and family setup determine the emergence of this syndrome? 4. Discuss how achievement motivation depends on socioeconomic and personality factors. Can achievement motivation be improved & strengthened? 2. What is mental retardation? Discuss the genesis of different types of mental retardation. Suggest measures for this rehabilitation. 3. Discuss how information management, with a view to facilitate effective communication in a democratic set-up is primarily the responsibility of various mass media. What should be the role of Government and leadership in this process? 4. Examine the view that alchoholism and drug addiction is basically a part of disorganised personality syndrome established in home setting. Suggest measures to arrest this process of personality disorganisation.

1991 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Examine the status of Psychology in the family of Social Sciences. 2. What are the salient features of a laboratory experiment? Illustrate how you would plan to conduct a laboratory experiment to ascertain the effect of a narcotic on student's academic performance. 3. Briefly discuss the environmental factors affecting vigilance. 4. Elucidate the concept of approval motive and discuss its influence on behavior. 2. Citing experimental evidence describe how values determine one's social perception. 3. What methods would you employ to study discrimination learning? Explain the phenomena of transposition. And how is it explained by relational theory? 4. Within the framework of operant conditioning experiments discuss major types of schedules of reinforcement and their impact on the modification of behavior. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Bring out the difference between surface and source traits of personality. How has Cattell identified the latter empirically? 2. Critically examine the significance and difficulties involved in the measurement of social attitudes.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1991

3. On what basis can it be asserted that there are two systems of memory? Discuss their importance to retention. 4. Outline the necessary steps for developing a test for the measurement of scientific aptitude or intelligence. 2. Murray's theory possesses the unique feature of a simultaneous emphasis upon the importance of the past of the organism and the present context within which behavior takes place. Discuss. 3. Analyse the process of communication. Highlight the importance of effective communication between students and teachers in the university set-up: 4. Discuss the implications of the Humanistic Man Model for behavior change. Will this model be suitable in the present-day world? Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Elucidate the technique of personnel selection and state its importance. 2. What is meant by social and cultural deprivation? Examine the major consequences of social deprivation. 3. In the light of psychological characteristics of the adolescents, discuss the specific problems they face in learning situation. 4. State in brief the important symptoms of psychopathic personality. Point out the fundamental difference between these symptoms and those of neuroses and psychoses. 2. Examine the basic principles in the construction of psychological tests. What steps are to be taken to get assured of their dependability? 3. Examine the major characteristics of client-centred therapy and group-therapy and state their respective merits and limitations. 4. Elucidate the psycho-social factors that are contributory to resistance to changes of any social system. Suggest a concrete plan to improve or eradicate the same. Section B 1. Write answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Discuss the major steps to achieve social integration. 2. What do you understand by work motivation? Discuss how its functional role may contribute profit to industry. 3. Drug addiction is acclaimed as a threat to our country. State its cause and remedy. 4. Elucidate the causes and consequences of deprivation. Suggest corrective measures. 2. Explain Entrepreneur Syndrome, and the steps that you will suggest corrective measures.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1992

3. What are the psychological barriers of effective communication? Discuss with particular reference to the mass media. How do you propose to overcome the barriers? 4. The multifarious problems of aged persons have posed a great challenge to the society and our country. Suggest a program for their all round rehabilitation.

1992 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Compare & contrast-armchair theorising and experiment, armchair theorising and naturalistic observation. 2. Give everyday example of instrumental reward conditioning and instrumental eversive conditioning. 3. Why is it incorrect to say that homeostasis is a single motivational factor? How many separate factors are included in it? 4. Describe the effective methods of communication giving suitable examples. 2. What does the reliability coefficient of a test indicate? Describe the approaches to the estimation of reliability. 3. Citing relevant experiments elucidate facilitative as well as fixating effects of set in problem-solving. 4. Attempt a description of the characteristics of the gifted and indicate how those could be identified and developed. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. What is national character? Explain the role of heredity in developing national character. 2. Describe the implications of the different models for behavioral changes. 3. Explain meditation and how far it is useful today for therapeutic purpose. 4. Critically evaluate Tolman's views on reward expectancy, place learning and latent learning. 2. Describe the cognitive, the effective and the behavioral components of attitudes and state their effect on behavior. 3. Write briefly on the nature and development of intelligence and on the factors that influence the development of intelligence. 4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of a type approach to the study of personality? Illustrate with reference to Jung's theory and to Sheldon's. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words):

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1993

1. What do you understand by retarded solution? Suggest measures for their relevant training. 2. What is meant by communication? Suggest suitable measures to bring about effective communication. 3. Examine the nature of achievement motivation and discuss how people are to be motivated. 4. Examine the actiology and symptoms of the socially deviant and suggest ways for their rehabilitation. 2. Examine the characteristics of good psychological test and discuss its limitation as raised by the critics. 3. Victims of anxieties and depressions do present a common sight to everyday life. Point out the difference in them and elucidate their actiology and the remedial measures to be adopted to treat these two maladies. 4. Whom would you label as the disadvantaged groups? Examine with illustrations the psychological consequences of disadvantages and suggest in brief, measures to educate them. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. What do you understand by psychological tests? Examine the principle of their classification under different heads. 2. State with examples how neurotic cases can be differentiated from psychoneurotic cases. 3. Examine the complexity inherent in the change process and discuss how resistance to change can be reduced. 4. What is meant by interaction process analysis? State how it helps in classifying major categories of communication. 2. Render a psychological definition of juvenile delinquency and discuss in what way it differs from crime. 3. Cite some common stresses in our daily life and examine the effects of psychological efforts to contain them, ending either in success or failure. 4. Examine the nature and source of prejudice, and also the different ways of their manifestation. Give relevant illustrations.

1993 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Is it possible to apply psychological principles to help in solving human problems for developing a fair, peaceful and satisfying society? 2. How are rules useful in solving problems? How do people make decisions about an uncertain situation? 3. Define perception. Differentiate between different types of perceptual distortions.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1993

4. Describe the case history method and its importance in clinical diagnosis. 2. What is cognitive approach to learning? How do latent learning, insight and imitation differ from each other? Illustrate cognitive approach to learning. 3. Explain the various stages of the information processing models of memory. What are the characteristics of each stage and how each stage is related to one another? 4. Discuss in detail the contribution of nature and nurture in the development of human behavior giving suitable examples. Give your views in this regard. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. State the contributions of Francis Galton to mental testing. 2. How did the Neo-Freudians improve upon the orthodox Freudian analysis of personality? 3. Computer program is the artificial intelligence. Explain. 4. Explain the role of dissonance arousal in prejudice. 2. State the various types of social motives the individual develops. How social motives are important in helping us to understand the behavioral differences among people? 3. What is communication? Discuss the importance of language and other effective modes of communication. 4. Explain the different models of man and their implications for behavioral change. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Examine the methods of reliability and validity of psychological tests. Does one guarantee the other? 2. Critically examine the relative efficacy of different leadership styles in management. Offer your own views in the matter. 3. What are essential social and psychological characteristics of change proneness? Illustrate your answer with a special reference to a certain personality syndrome 4. What are the components of work motivation? Does it mainly depend on financial incentives? 2. Discuss the basic differences between psychotic and neurotic behavior disorders. Can the same line of treatment be used in treating both types of cases? 3. Discuss the psychological characteristics of a group. How does interactional process analysis measure group dynamics?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1994

4. What are the psychological and social factors behind the resistances of change? Draw up an action program to remove the resistances in changing common stereotypes. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. How would you differentiate mentally retarded children from the normal in a classroom situation? Suggest measures both at home and school for successful training of such children. 2. Do you agree with the view that prejudice is an essential element of a certain personality syndrome? How does it develop in home situation? 3. Discuss the psychological and social problems of the Aged. Draw up a rehabilitation and counselling program for them. 4. Describe the motivational problems of the disadvantaged children. What ameliorative steps need be taken both at home and school to meet this deficiency? 2. Criticality examine the view that adolescent period is marked by greater emotional instability and social protest syndrome. Describe the remedial measures to handle this program. 3. Describe the factors both at home and outside which create and strengthen achievement motivation. Is it in any way related to entrepreneur syndrome? 4. Is drug addiction basically a deviant coping mechanism? State the psychological and social factors which have to be tackled for the successful rehabilitation of drug addicts.

1994 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of cognition that explains how mental processes are organised and function. Explain. 2. Examine the scope of application of psychology in different fields. Give suitable examples. 3. Explain that endopsychic conflicts, even though they do not become conscious, draw a great deal of nervous energy which could otherwise be used for creative activities. 4. Explain the concept of economic motive and discuss its influence on behavior. 2. What difference would it make in our educational procedure if there were little or-no transfer of learning? Discuss the scope of programd learning in curriculum of certain courses for students. 3. How is national character developed? Explain its need and importance in present day political situation.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1994

4. Explain the causes of forgetting. Is it a necessary aspect of learning process? Justify your answer with examples. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. Discuss the effectiveness of projective technique in the measurement of personality. Give suitable examples. 2. Dream is the guardian of sleep. Explain. 3. What is conflict resolution? How best can it be attained? Give suitable examples. 4. Describe an integrated model of man acceptable to the modern society. 2. Distinguish between physical and environmental stress and state the generalised responses. Is it possible to overcome this? 3. People tend to conform to group norms of thought and behavior. Conformity pressures can create situations in which the information obtained from personal modes conflicts with information obtained from social modes. Explain. 4. Describe the physical and psychological problems of man in aviation and space flight. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. What is behavior therapy? Can it handle alone all kinds of behavior disorder? Give reason. 2. Describe the chief features of participatory management system. Does it help creating better work culture? 3. Examine the characteristics of various types of work motivation. What is the role of social prestige and security in this context? 4. What is interaction process analysis? How does it measure group behavior? 2. Does quantitative measurement of psychological traits cover all aspects of personality? Suggest measures to overcome its limitation. 3. Describe the various kinds of psycho-physiological disorders. Are they in any way related to psychopathic personality? Indicate the line of treatment in this respect. 4. Examine the view that the psychological resistances to change are dynamically related to social change proneness prevalent in the society. Suggest measures to alter this syndrome. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Does the Indian school serve as a true agent of socialisation. Discuss this problem keeping in view the social objectives of modern Indian society.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1995

2. Elucidate the concept of cognitive deprivation. Describe the psychological measures to eliminate it. 3. Describe the psychological components of prejudices. Give suitable examples from Indian context and suggest possible remedies. 4. What are the chief features of achievement motivation? How does, can it be assessed? 2. What is information management system? Explain the problem of information overload. Describe the psychological factors which make it more effective in operation. 3. Distinguish between White Collar and Blue Collar Stress. Discuss some of the coping strategies with each type of stress. Give suitable examples. 4. Examine the role of mass media in the Indian social change process. Critically evaluate the role of Doordarshan with a special reference to its advertisement display program in this context.

1995 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. What do you mean by the S-O-R paradigm? 2. What is culturally conditioned behavior? Give examples. 3. Is reminiscence a fact or a misnomer? Answer with relevant findings in support 4. Explain covergent and divergent thinking. 2. Describe the essential features of an experiment in psychology giving suitable examples. Discuss the limitations of the experimental method. 3. Evaluate critically the contribution of the Gestalt school to the development of psychology as a science with special reference to the study of perception. 4. Give an adequate description of the classical and the operant conditioning situations and compare them with respect to the nature of reinforcement and the kind of responses that are learned. Section B 1. Explain any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Factorial approach to the study of personality 2. Stages in language development 3. Sensory deprivation and its effects on behavior 4. Man as viewed from the standpoint of humanistic psychology 2. Explain the G and the S factors in intelligence. Describe one test each known to you for measuring the G factor and the S factor. 3. Discuss the need-hierarchy theory and comment on its relevance and utility today in understanding human behavior.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1995

4. What are attitudes? Can they be changed? Explain the characteristics of the source of message which strongly affect one's response to any attempt at changing attitudes. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. What is the basic principle of psycho-dynamic approach in handling behavior disorder? Does it equally qualify as other kinds of therapeutic techniques? 2. What are the components of leadership training? Discuss the limiting and facilitative factors in leadership training for a public sector industrial set-up in India. 3. Describe the chief characteristics of a small group with a special reference to the quality of interpersonal interactions and relations. 4. Discuss the various psycho-social process of socialisation. Indicate the importance of home in this process. 2. What is the rationale behind use of psychological tests? Critically examine reliability and validity, of such tests, and their interdependence. 3. Evaluate the psychological and behavioristic theories of neurosis. Do you think, the therapies suggested by both the groups are inclusive of each other? 4. Examine the phenomenon of resistance of change. Explain the factors involved therein affecting social change in relation to productive processes of a community and suggest possible remedies. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Do you think, ail low achievers in school are mentally retarded? How are the low achievers actually identified? Suggest training program for the mentally retarded. 2. Discuss how achievement motivation is an essential component of entrepreneur syndrome. Draw up a program of creating achievement motivation in rural people. 3. Do you agree with the view that urbanisation creates greater problems for the aged? Give reasons. Suggest measures to handle their psychosocial problems. 4. What do you understand by information overload? Discuss the psychological factors involved in information management. 2. Discuss the various psychological and pedagogical factors which cause cognitive deficiency in early childhood period. Do Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe children come under this category? Draw up a compensatory educational program for such children with a view to bring them to the mainstream.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1996

3. What are the various components of dynamic social integration? Describe the various psycho-social factors which hamper proper social integration in India. Suggest remedial measures. 4. Describe the various psycho-social factors which contribute to communication gap. Illustrate your answer from a public sector industrial organisation as well as a Govt. Department. How would you overcome communication gap?

1996 Paper I Section A 1. Explain any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Maturation and learning as determinants of behavior. Give suitable examples 2. Nature of and theory underlying programd learning and its implications for teaching. 3. Relationship between emotions and perception with special reference to perceptual defence. 4. Theory-testing vs Theory-developing research. 2. How is psychological measurement different from measurement in physical sciences? Giving appropriate Illustrations, distinguish clearly between psychophysical and psychometric measures. 3. Explain the rationale in using perception as a medium for studying personality. Cite major findings of research in this area. 4. Discuss the information-processing approach to the study of memory. How does it differ from other approaches? Describe the three interacting systems of memory implied in the approach. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 1. How do values motivate human beings? Answer giving suitable examples from research. 2. Can computer ever acquire human-like ability to think, remember and solve problems? Discuss fully with illustrations. 3. How are intelligence and creativity interrelated? 4. Between brain-maturation and reinforcement, which one offers a more satisfactory explanation of language acquisition? 2. Give a complete psychoanalytic account of human motivation. Is it adequate, in your opinion? 3. Briefly, describe various projective measures of personality. Evaluate each of them. 4. What do you mean by altered states of consciousness? Describe the ways in which they can be acquired. Paper II Section A

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1997

1. Answer any three questions of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Describe the chief features of group therapy and also mention the neurotic behavior on which it can be used. 2. How can personality affect the formation of prejudices? 3. When does a group become a crowd? Any why? 4. Is work culture an essential component of effective work motivation? Discuss its operation in public and private industrial set-up in India. 2. Discuss the different types of psychological tests. Are the results obtained in different areas of testing equally scientific and dependable? Suggest measures for ensuring their reliability and accuracy. 3. What are the typical psychophysiologic disorders caused by anxiety and stress? Give your reasons for the same. 4. Why is social change necessary? Keeping the present state of affairs in India, What steps would you take to plan social change? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Can a normal school handle gifted as well as retarded children with equal justice? 2. Discuss the role of mass media with a special reference to television in spreading the idea of consumerism in India 3. How would you differentiate psychological consequences of disadvantage and deprivation? 4. Discuss the psychological and social factors behind effective communication. 2. What are the major components of prejudice? Discuss the factors which generate and strengthen prejudice with special reference to the Indian scene. 3. Discuss the effect of rapid technological advances on psychological and social behavior of Indian youth from rural and urban areas. 4. Discuss how alcoholism, drug addiction and various kinds of crime are the symptoms of basic social disorganisation. Suggest ameliorative and rehabilitation measures.

1997 Paper I: Section A 1. Explain any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. What are the drawbacks of Ex-Post-Facto design of research? 2. Why do Figural-After-Effects take place? 3. What is the relation between Discrimination learning and Generalization? 4. What role does extinction play in long-term-memory?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1997

2. What would be the major methodological orientation for doing research in Physiological psychology, Social Psychology and Counselling Psychology? 3. Is there any relation between process of socialization and the social learning theories of personality? 4. In order to have effective communication how far should one learn the body language and relate it to verbal communication? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. What is the relation of creativity, artistic aptitude and intelligence? 2. Can you relate the ‘Guna’ theory of personality with any Western model of personality? 3. What is the difference in the altered state of consciousness through meditation and hyonotic trance? 4. Can the Cybernetic model of behavior explain problem solving behavior? 2. In terms of motivational properties how would you rank attitudes and values? 3. Dose the organizational man lead to the alienation in comparison to the Humanistic man? 4. How does sleep and sensory deprivation affect behavior of individuals who go for aviation and space flights? Paper IITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Briefly describe the origin of the measurement of individual differences and comment on the present status of psychological testing in India. 2. What is group cohesiveness? Discuss the factors affecting group cohesiveness. 3. Is aptitude testing sufficient for determining the suitability of a person for a particular job? If not, mention the other tests that should be applied? 4. Define achievement motivation. Discuss the basic factors on which the success of a program of increasing individual motivation depends. 2. Describe the prominent symptoms of psychosis and discuss the main points of difference between psychotic and neurotic reactions. 3. It is said that Indian society is resistant to change. Is it true? If so discuss the factors responsible for this and suggest measures to combat the same. 4. What is the aim of psychoanalytic therapy? Discuss the significance of free association and dream analysis in the process of psychoanalytic therapy.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1998

Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Explain the concept of deprivation. How is it different from disadvantage? 2. Can stress be totally eliminated? Discuss the main sources of stress in our society. 3. Describe the verbal and non-verbal modes of communication and mention their significance. 4. Juvenile delinquency is the outcome of broken homes. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer. 2. Discuss the different sources of development of prejudice in India, What steps do you suggest for minimizing the effects of prejudice. 3. Mention some of the techniques used in behavior therapy and comment or its applicability. 4. What is meant by socialization? Comment on the view that school is the best agent of socialization.

1998 Psychology 1998 Mains Paper ITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Analyse the salient features of a laboratory experimental design. 2. Is person perceiption a critical variable in human interaction? Illustrate your answer. 3. Delineate the principles involved in programd learning. Is it feasible to program higher form of learning. 4. How do convergent and divergent thinking differ? Nan it be integrated in higher form of creative thinking? 2. Analyse the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of human behavior. Illustrate your answer from real life situations. 3. Do the principles of perceptual organisation point to their inborn nature? Cite experimental evidences in this context. 4. Can We sustain the statement that much of our behavior is the result of classical and operant cnditioning? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1999

1. What specific role does social intelligence play in the management of people? 2. How do one's values motivate his behavior? Illustrate your answer. 3. Detail the correlates of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) in sleep. 4. Specify the human problems associat3> ed with space flight. Give experimental evidences. 2. Highlight with examples the strategies of concept formation in children. 3. Do the projective techniques of personality assessment have an edge over psychometric tests? Cite experimental evidences in this context. 4. Discuss the view that the mechanistic model of man is an oversimplification of the facts of behavior. Examine the concept of integrated model with a view to present a balanced picture. Paper IICandidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Highlight the basic principles of psychodynamic approach in handling behavior disorders. 2. Show your acquaintance with the components of leadership training. 3. Discuss the uses of psychological testing in selection. 4. Discuss the types of psychosomatic diseases. 2. Discuss the salient features of client-centered therapy. 3. What do you understand by work motivation? Discuss the Maslow's theory of need hierarchy. How can Maslow's theory be applied in industrial situations? 4. Discuss the types of group at work situations. How can group work be measured? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Distinguish between juvenile delinquency and crime. 2. Discuss the problems of educating the disadvantaged groups. 3. What are the nature and manifestations of social prejudices? 4. What is achievement motivation? What are the characteristics of an Indian with high achievement motivation? 2. What is organizational communication? Discuss the various factors of effective communication in industries. 3. What is stress? Discuss certain methods of stress management. 4. Discuss the social, cultural and economic consequences of the disadvantaged. How can Psychology help them?

1999

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

1999

Paper I Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. What is Reminiscene? Discuss this phenomenon in terms of interference processes. 2. Is it necessary to conceptualize self as a determinant of behavior besides heredity and environment? Give real life examples to support your contention. 3. Explain the scanning and the focusing strategies in attainment of concepts. 4. Give your arguments in support of claiming psychology a science. 2. Why is psychological experiment described as observation under controlled conditions? Explain, with illustration, the difference between control-groups and within-subjects designs of experiment. 3. What are perceptual styles? Evaluate attempts to conceptualise them as personality variables. 4. Describe, in brief, the typical classical and operant conditioning experiments. Comment on the nature of reinforcement in the two. Are they basically different? Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Which model of man is most suited and relevant to behavior modification? 2. State and evaluate the Drive-reduction theory of motivation. Has it any relevance to homeostasis? 3. Discuss the importance of military psychology highlighting the functions of psychologists in the aviation sphere. 4. Can attitudes be changed? Discuss the factors to be considered in changing attitudes. 2. Explain the concept of intelligence quotient. Has it outlived its utility for explaining individual differences? Is the concept of emotional quotient (EQ) more useful in this regard? 3. Elucidate Freud's conceptualization of human personality. Discuss its implications for counselling therapy. 4. Elucidate the main features of Skinner's and Chomsky's theory of language development and indicate their application.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2000

Paper II Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following each answer should not exceed 200 words: 1. Describe the steps and procedures involved in construction of psychological tests. 2. Discuss the common characteristics of psychopathic personality. 3. Discuss the techniques of motivating industrial employees with particular reference to Herzberg's theory of work motivation. 4. Briefly discuss the major theoretical explanations for group formation in the organization set-up: 2. Describe Beck's cognitive behavior therapy for the treatment of depression. 3. What is social change? Describe the relevant psychological factors that need to be considered while planning for social change. 4. Discuss the relevance of traditional and modern participative management techniques in the Indian industry. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Describe the characteristics of a learner, which make learning effective. 2. Discuss the socio-cultural approaches for understanding the origins of ethnic prejudice and discrimination. 3. Enumerate the methods for improving the effectiveness of upward communication in the organization. 4. Mention the physical, psychological and behavioral consequences of stress. 2. Describe the specific socio-cultural deprivation of Tribals of India as a socially and culturally disadvantage group. 3. Critically evaluate McClelland's ‘achievement motivation theory’ and discuss its relevance in the Indian context. 4. Discuss the relative effectiveness of mass media in creating social awareness and social change.

2000 Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Instructions Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English. The answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2000

All questions carry equal marksSection ‘A’ 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. What is the basic difference between the experimental and correlational methods of psychology? 2. How do models help in the process of socialization? 3. How can the contributions of heredity and environment be isolated in the study of human behavior. 4. How can the phenomenon of perceptual defence be demonstrated experimentally? 2. Explain how operant conditioning be used to establish behavior which is not spontaneously emitted by an organism. 3. Giving an account of Piagets's theory of cognitive development bring out the difference in the modes of thinking at different stages of development. 4. What is the theoretical and utilitarian justification of the concepts of aptitude and intelligence Section ‘B’ 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. How is perception of inanimate objects different from the person perception? 2. What is the importance of discrimination and generalization in learning? 3. Is national character a valid concept? 4. How experimenter effects and demand characteristics influence the findings of an experimental study? 2. Illustrate and discuss the salient features of motivated behavior. 3. Critically examine the optimistic conclusions of humanistic theories regarding human nature and existence. 4. Discuss the problems encountered in the use of verbal statements as the items of attitude scales. 2000:Paper IITime Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Instructions Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English. The answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section ‘A’ 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Briefly describe the classification of psychological discorders.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2001

2. Show your acquaintance with atleast am one theory of group behavior. 3. Show conceptual relationship between social change and organizational change. 4. How can cognitive therapy help a person develop his cognition? 2. There have been various leadership and management theories and styles. Which one of them do you consider to be the most suitable in the Indian condition? Give reasons. 3. Discuss Maslow's theory of need-hierarchy. Can Maslow's theory be applied-to industries? 4. What is stress? Can you suggest some Indian techniques for stress management? Elaborate. Section ‘B’ 1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Describe the concept of deprivation. 2. Give your idea about nosological systems of metal disorders. 3. How can you motivate people to achieve? 4. Discuss the impact of television in opinion formation. 2. Highlight the problems of alcoholism and drug addiction. Suggest measures to fight them. 3. Discuss the psychological theories and contributions of psychology in effective advertising. 4. What is organizational communication? What will be the form of organizational communication in the 21st century because of the advent of information technology?

2001 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Describe the basic assumptions of regression analysis and explain what happens when these assumptions are violated. 2. Describe the decision rules employed by an individual for maximizing his gains. Also explain the uses of ROC curves. 3. Explain why is the humanistic perspective called the third force in psychology. 4. Discuss the role of vicarious reinforcement in social learning and modelling. 2. Describe the process of emergence of self-concept during late childhood. Citing suitable illustrations from Indian social milieu explain the impact of child rearing practices on the emergence of selfconcept. 3. Discuss the characteristic features of perception and bring out the significance of redundancy and feature detectors in it.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2001

4. Present a critical appraisal of stage versus process models of memory and citing suitable studies show how elaborative processing and self-generation improve memory. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Explain the concept of problem space and describe the methods in solving multi-step problems. 2. Erikson's theory of psycho-social development parallels Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Elaborate. 3. Is it correct to state that the theoretical conceptualization of achievement motivation is not adequate enough to describe the economic development of India? 4. Contemporary research has done much to inform us about the dark kingdom of sleepwakefulness. Comment 2. Describe the three-level hierarchical model of cognitive ability as followed in the fourth revision of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Is it necessary to administer all subtests of the fourth revision of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale on any one subject? Discuss. 3. Elaborate the statement that James's theory of emotion, followed by its criticism by Cannon, stimulated a great deal of empirical research while Lange's theory of emotion influenced the activation theories of emotion. 4. Citing experimental evidences discuss how social learning, social comparison and genetic factors influence formation of attitudes. Also explain how trivialisation reduces cognitive dissonance. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Mention different types of psychological tests and discuss their uses, misuses and limitations. 2. Discuss the special features of schizophrenia and describe the clinical picture in schizophrenia. 3. Explain the concept of personality and character development Discuss the role of value education for personality and character development. 4. Discuss the significance of social support programs. Mention the role of community psychologist in social change. 2. Describe the nature and vital role of behavior therapy in modern clinical treatment of mental disorder. Critically evaluate its effectiveness. 3. Human Resource Development is a continuous process to develop human capabilities and potentialities to achieve personal and organizational goals. Give your comments.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2002

4. Explain the need of prevention in mental health system. Describe Caplan's three-fold model of prevention. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words). 1. Discuss some psychological characteristics of socially deprived people and mention steps to be taken for the upliftment of socially deprived. 2. What is prejudice? Describe the methods for reducing prejudice and facilitating social integration. 3. Evaluate critically the relative effectiveness of mass media for distance learning. 4. Describe traumatic reactions to military combat and discuss in detail psychological factors contributing to stress. 2. Critically evaluate McClefland's achievement motivation theory with reference to Indian women entrepreneurs. 3. Differentiate the environmental features of single and multiple dwellings. Describe how residential environment affects social behavior of people. 4. Discuss the psycho-social factors contributing to terrorism in India. Suggest strategies to eliminate terrorism.

2002 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Attention develops from unfocussed scanning to focussed planfulness. Discuss giving illustrative examples. 2. Is subliminal perception a myth or a reality? Answer citing relevant experimental evidence. 3. ‘Psychology is called a science not because of its subject matter but because of the scientific method used in studying its subject matter.’ Write a detailed explanatory note. 4. Evaluate questionnaire as a tool for collecting data for psychological research. Offer suggestions for increasing its utility as a research tool. 2. What is observational learning? How does it differ from other forms of learning? Give three examples to explain its nature. 3. Can human memory be improved? If yes, what techniques would you recommend? Explain how each technique proposed by you can bring about improvement in memory. 4. Discuss fully the relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in determining human behavior. Cite findings of related studies in support of your answer. Section B

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2002

1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. Explain and evaluate the view that hypnosis represents ‘dissociated experience and dissociated control.’ 2. Is aggression an innate tendency or an externally elicited behavior? Answer with suitable examples to substantiate your view. 3. State and critically evaluate Slobin's cognitive theory of language development. 4. Describe in detail the Thurstone's method of scale-construction. 2. What is emotional intelligence? Has it revolutionized our knowledge of human abilities? Describe the method of measuring it. 3. ‘Human behavior is elicited by expectations of desirable outcomes.’ Discuss this statement to bring out the cognitive aspects of human motivation. 4. Elucidate Rogers ‘concept of a fully functioning person’ Indicate the importance of self-concept and anxiety in his account of human personality. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Elucidate the nature of individual differences. Describe the methods of validity and reliability. 2. Describing the important features of client centered therapy, present the similarities and differences between psychoanalytic therapy and client centered therapy. 3. Discuss the various conditions under which the teaching-learning process occurs. Defining learning styles indicate how knowledge of learning style of student would contribute to more effective teachinglearning process. 4. Enumerate the importance of Personnel Selection and Training in Industries. Describe the more commonly used psychological tests in personnel selection and evaluation of training effects. 2. Discuss critically the ethical issues involved in the construction and use of psychological tests. 3. Compare Cognitive Therapies and Behavior Therapies. Present behavior therapy as a method of treatment for anxiety disorders. 4. Discussing the various program towards prevention of mental disorders in the society, present in detail the role of psychologists in rehabilitating the mentally ill persons. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following: (Each answer should not exceed 200 words) 1. Elucidate the concept of Social Integration. How would you use this concept in bringing about unity amongst people of different castes, religion, language and class in India? 2. Trace the developments in the emerging field of sports psychology.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2003

3. Enumerate the important characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. Describe the test you would use to identify the entrepreneurial qualities in a person. 4. What are the important indicators of environmental degradation? What measures would you suggest to prevent and arrest this degradation? 2. Discuss critically the benefits of distance learning. How would you use Information Technology and Mass Media for bringing about 100% literacy in India through distance learning? 3. Critically enunciate the use of psychological counselling in assisting personnel to adjust to the military life. 4. What are the consequences of population explosions? How can psychologists help in motivating the public to adopt small family norm?

2003 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. In the present modern age there is a wide range of application of Psychology and consequently the present status of psychology is that of exporter of knowledge/Discuss the statement highlighting your point of view. 2. Explain the basic processes involved in remembering and also highlight the phenomenon which may occur when any one of the basic processes fails to operate properly. 3. ‘Psychology is a science’ Discuss the statement in the light of its historical development 4. What can be done to move from correlational inferences to causal inferences? 2. Differentiate between learning and training. Discuss Pavlovian learning theory with the help of experimental evidence. 3. What is perceptual organization? Describe its various factors with tine help of examples. 4. Discuss in detail the influence of child-rearing practices on the growth and development of an individual. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not. More than 200 words each: 1. Is personality consistent? Give your answer with the support of relevant studies. 2. ‘’ Motivation is a goal-directed behavior'Discuss the statement highlighting the steps involved in the process of motivation. 3. What is communication? Describe the processes involved in communication.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2003

4. Describe the meaning of creativity and discuss the ways for fostering creative talents. 2. Is intelligence different from aptitude? Discuss Spearman's theory of intelligence. 3. How attitudes are formed? Discuss its various components. 4. Give a detailed description of computer applications in psychological studies and research. Cite relevant examples in support of your answer. Paper II Section A 1. Answer any THREE of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Leaders in the organizational set up work with different kinds of strategies than leaders in other fields. Comment 2. Describe the salient tenets of career counselling. Is it different from vocational guidance? 3. Examine the significance of indigenous therapies like Yoga and meditation. How effective they are? 4. How would you identify the mentally and socially challenged individuals? Can they be brought back to the main-stream of life? 2. Discuss the salient features of a psychological test. Identify the process involved in construction and standardization of a psychological test. What are the ethical issues involved in the use of a psychological test? 3. Sustaining positive and effective mental health is more dependent on prevention than cure. Do you agree with this statement? Answer with the help of a relevant model and highlight the role of quality of life. 4. Evaluate the role of a community psychologist in arousing community consciousness and action for handling social problem. Give suitable examples to substantiate your arguments. Section B 1. Answer any THREE of the following (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 1. Examine the relevance of sports psychology with reference to Indian scenario. 2. Identify the true characteristics of an entrepreneur Discuss with reference to McClellands assumptions. 3. Has the mass media especially the TV played a significant role in affecting the psyche of people? Give examples to support your answer. 4. Environmental psychology is limited as far as its application is concerned. Do you agree with this statement? Cite examples to support your arguments. 2. How does the military psychology bring in a new perspective to the understanding of human behavior? What is the role of human engineering in defence?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2004

3. Is it possible to achieve social integration with the help of psychological principles? How can a psychologist deal effectively with class and caste conflicts? 4. Define relative deprivation. Draw a program which will facilitate the motivation and education of the deprived Discuss with some theoretical assumptions.

2004 Paper I.Section A 1. Answer any three of the following (in not more than 200 words each) 20 × 3 = 60 1. Give an evaluative account of the behavioristic, psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives of psychology. 2. Why should psychology be called a science? Justify your answer with the support of the methodology it adopts to study behavior. 3. How could the knowledge of psychology be usedin developing a national character? Answer with appropriate examples. 4. Explain the usefulness of ‘interview’ as a method of data collection. State the precautions that you would take for its effective use. 2. Discuss in detail the critical periods in human development. Give the suggestions to handle these critical periods effectively in Indian settings. 60 3. How is attention different from perception? Describe the role of various factors that influence attention. 60 4. Explain the nature of ‘operant conditioning’ Evaluate its various uses in shaping human behavior. 60 Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. What are the determinants of intelligence? Support your answer with research and observational evidences. 2. Explain the use of computers in psychologicalexperiments and tests. Illustrate with examples. 3. State the trait and type approaches to personality. Is there a reconciliation in the two in Eysenckian approach? 4. Explain the role of language in communication. Give a brief theoretical account of language development. 2. Discuss the significance of attitudes, interests and values in human life. Explain the usefulness of different procedures of attitude measurement. 60 3. State the various psychological explanations of human motivation. Explain in detail the cognitive approach to motivation and emotion. 60 4. Discuss the nature of problems and problem solving. Illustrate the process of problem-solving with appropriate examples. 60

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2005

Paper-II-2004Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.Section A 1. Write notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20 × 3 = 60 1. The role of. Small groups in social action 2. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims 3. Any two indigenous therapies 4. Factors influencing positive health and well-being 2. Discuss the managerial implications of motivation theories. State the specific programs drawn from these theories giving examples of organizations in which they are applied. 60 3. List the characteristics of psychological tests. Explain the process of construction of a standardized psychological test with an example of your choice. 60 4. Describe the various learning styles. How are/can they be used in educational guidance and counselling? 60 Section B 1. Write notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20 × 3 = 60 1. Measure to educate and motivate the disadvan-taged towards development 2. Human engineering in Defence 3. Consumer rights and Consumer courts-psycho-logical perspective 4. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment 2. Discuss the psychological consequences of recent developments in I. T. 60 3. Explain psychological strategies for handling conflicts and prejudices. Write about the measures to achieve integration. 60 4. Describe the application of psychological principles in enhancing performance of sports personnel, with relevant examples. 60

2005 Paper I: Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. Discuss the factors that jeopardize experimenter's power of scientifically evaluating the effect of independent variable in carrying out any research.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2005

2. Amongst the two statistical techniques ANOV A and regression, which statistical method is superior? Discuss the advantages of regression statistical technique. 3. What is attention? Discuss factors influencing attention. 4. Citing relevant research study, discuss the significance of modeling in social learning. 2. Explain in detail the role of Bottom-up and Top-down process in recognition with the help of suitable examples. 60 3. What is perception? Discuss biological factors in perception. 60 4. Differentiate between applied and fundamental research. Discuss major steps in psychological researches. 60 Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more-than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. What is personality? Discuss Freudian approach to personality. 2. Discuss properties and structure of human language. 3. Citing relevant example, describe extra-sensory perception. 4. Discuss different methods for measuring intelligence. 2. Explaining the nature of problem solving, discuss its strategies with the help of suitable examples. 60 3. Citing experimental studies, discuss cognitive-dissonance theory of attitude change. 60 4. How are instinct, drive and arousal theories of motivation different from incentive theory? Describe incentive theory of motivation giving at least three relevant examples. 60 Paper II Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300 Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.Section A 1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20 × 3 = 60 1. Personality Disorder. 2. Symptoms and etiology of schizophrenia 3. Psychodynamic therapies 4. Career counselling 2. Discuss the different types of psychological tests. Describe ethical issues involved in the use of psychological tests. 60 3. Highlight the role of psychologists in rehabilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged persons. 60

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2006

4. What do you mean by positive health? Suggest some of the important factors responsible for positive health, well being, life style and quality of life. 60 Section B 1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 20 × 3 = 60 1. Psychological strategies in handling the conflicts and prejudices. 2. Factors responsible for improving performance of sports personnel 3. Importance of Environmental Psychology 4. Human Engineering in Defence 2. Describe the concept of social integration. What are the major problems of social integration? Explain in detail the measures to achieve social integration. 60 3. What do you mean by women entrepreneurs? What are the important characteristics of an entrepreneurial behavior? 60 4. What psychological disorders take place due to war? Discuss the importance ofCounseling in dealing wit War victims. 60

2006 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. State the basic differences between a field experiment and a laboratory experiment especially with regard to the external-internal validity of the findings. 2. Explain the concept of perceptual organization. What are the processes which influence it? Support your answer with theoretical constructs. 3. Show how self-efficacy and outcome judgments influence the process of social learning. Answer with relevant experimental studies 4. Critically examine the notion of life-span development. Determine the impact of cultural factors on child rearing practices. 2. Is there a conceptual continuity between sensation and perception? Explain the role of contextual constraints in the inferential nature of the psychological construct of perception. 3. Describe experimental designs as the strategy to control variance. Present a classification of experimental designs and specify problems associated with matched group designs. 4. How far is it correct to state that working memory presents the most complete description of a multicomponent nature of the Short-term memory? Describe the components of working memory with suitable examples. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2006

1. Show how and to what extent emotional intelligence is an amalgamation of emotional orientation, regulation and control. 2. Present an account of the attributes of the creative thinking and explain the factors tat impede creativity. 3. Examine the notion of meditation. What are its cognitive implications? Explain. 4. Critically evaluate the psychosocial theory of personality development. 2. Present a critical appraisal of the cognitive evaluation theory of intrinsic motivation and describe those studies that bring out that achievement responsibility, interest and competence are independent of extrinsic motivators. 3. The mand and the tact functions'of language development proposed by Skinner are not powerful enough to explain why particular utterances are produced at particular times. Discuss in the context of Chomsky s rebuttal of Skinnerian theory of language development. Also explain Chomsky's theory of language development. 4. Trace the common linkages between interests and values. Describe the factor analytical studies of the structure of interests and values. Also delineate upon those strategies that ought to be adopted for fostering values in the Indian socio-cultural milieu. Paper II Section A 1. Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 1. Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse. 2. Role of Community Psychology in social change. 3. Training for improving memory and better academic achievement. 4. Advertising and marketing. 2. What do you mean by personnel selection and training? Explain the uses and importance of psychological tests in the industry. 3. What are the important psychological principles responsible for effective teaching and learning processes? Discuss in detail as to how Gifted and Retarded can be trained. 4. Describe the concept of Community Psychology. Explain some of the important factors responsible for arousing community consciousness and action plan in handling social problems. Section B 1. Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 1. Role of military psychologists in defence. 2. Impact of rapid scientific and technological growth on degradation of environment. 3. Identify the effective measures for motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and economic development.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2007

4. Psychological consequences of population explosion and density. 2. What do you mean by psychology of terrorism? Explain some of the important strategies to deal with terrorism and insurgency. 3. Describe the role of psychologists in the present scenario of information technology and mass media boom. Suggest some of the important techniques in making IT more popular in rural areas. 4. Are the concepts of disadvantage, deprivation and social deprivation synonymous? Suggest some important strategies for educating and motivating disadvantaged towards development.

2007 Paper I Section A 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. How do psychologists use case study and survey to describe behavior? Indicate their advantages and disadvantages. 2. What is the impact of multiculturalism and globalisation on psychological studies? Discuss the question with the help of salient contemporary trends in psychology. 3. Discuss the role of repression and interference in forgetting. 4. What are the theoretical and practical implications of research on signal detection and vigilance? Discuss in the light of experimental studies. 2. Define the scales used in psychological measurement and distinguish between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Illustrate the relative significance of these statistics by citing relevant research problems. 3. Critically evaluate the efficacy of multi store and multi componential models of memory in the light of relevant experimental evidence. 4. What do you mean by S-R and S-S conditioning? Discuss the question with the help of relevant experimental evidences. Section B 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: 1. How do concepts help problem solving? Discuss the factors which influence concept formation. 2. Distinguish between aptitude and interest and describe methods of their measurement. 3. What are the key assumptions of projective tests? Indicate the problems encountered in determining their reliability and validity. 4. In view of increasing computer-human interface discuss its impact on human behavior. 2. Do attitudes influence behavior? If yes, when and how? Give your answer in the light of relevant research studies. 3. What is effective communication? Discuss the role of message and communicator variables in ensuring effective persuasive communication.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2008

4. The scientific theories of traits have an intuitive appeal because their basic unit of analysis, personality traits, are very similar to simple nonscientific folk understandings of personality. Critically evaluate this statement in the light of theoretical developments in the trait approach of personality. Paper II Section A 1. Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 1. Role of community psychologist in social change. 2. Career counseling in the current scenario 3. Assumptions underlying client-centered therapy and their evaluation 4. Rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims 2. Explain the characteristics and types of standardized psychological tests. Critically comment on their utility and limitations. 3. What are substance abuse disorders? Explain etiological factors underlying them. Indicate the strategies for rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse disorders. 4. Evaluate the applications of any two theories of Work Motivation in modern organizations. State the importance of Participatory Management in Indian Industry. Section B 1. Write short notes on any 3 of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words): 1. Educating and motivating the disadvantaged groups towards development 2. Psychological strategies for handling prejudice 3. Fostering values through mass media and information technology 4. Applications of psychology in combating terrorism 2. Explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial behavior. How can people be motivated and trained for entrepreneurship and economic development? Comment on the utility of such programs. 3. Explain the psychological consequences of population explosion and high population density. How can we motivate people towards small family norms? 4. Explain the role of Military Psychologist in Defence. Discuss the importance of Human Engineering in Defence.

2008 Paper I Section A 1. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words) (20 × 3 = 60)

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2008

1. Poverty and level of economic achievement as a social problem can only be explained from the psychological perspective Comment with relevant research studies. 2. Bring out the differences in the concepts of growth, maturation and development in human behavior. Use suitable example in your answers. 3. The level at which an information is processed has a bearing on recall of that particular information. Discuss in the light of experimental studies. 4. Grounded theory takes a case rather than variable perspective. Elaborate this statement. 2. Explain Bandura's theory using a suitable social learning task. Extend research support to your answer (60). 3. Can Item Response theory be called a latent trade theory? Describe the mathematical functions that are used in this theory and explain the various models related to the theory (60). 4. Using the procedure of programd learning, how would you conduct ‘angerreduction’ training for a group of individuals who have been assessed high on anger? The training procedure needs to be as per the instructional design model (60). Section B 1. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each: (20 × 3 = 60) 1. What is the meant by ‘echoic memory’ How long does this memory last? Discuss with experimental evidence. 2. Describe the PASS model of intelligence and show the grounds on which it has challenged the ‘g’ theory. 3. Describe pattern of attribution that are used by persons in supporting their interaction. 4. Artificial Intelligence and cognitive psychology have a symbolic relationship. Elaborate this statement. 2. Give a comparative account of ‘Self’ as conceived by Adler and Rogers (60). 3. Describe the phase of language acquisition and show how critical period hypothesis explains the process of language acquisition (60). 4. Representational knowledge can be investigating neurocognitively through the studies of amnesia Elaborate this statement (60). Paper II Section A 1. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words) (20 × 3 = 60) 1. Enumerate the methods of assessing validity of a personality inventory and highlight their significance. 2. Distinguish ‘alcoholism’ from ‘social drinking’ and discuss the factors contributing to alcoholism.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2009

3. Critically evaluate the research finding relating to the influence of media on aggression and violence. 4. Discuss the salient features of behavior therapy. Comment on its applicability to the Indian Community. 2. Describe the various techniques used in improving memory. Discuss their merits and demerits for teaching students in undergraduate courses (60). 3. Explain the nature and advantages of client centered therapy. Critically evaluate its utility in treating various psychological problems (60). 4. Discuss the psychological and cognitive problems of AIDS patients. Explain the facilities essential for their rehabilitation (60). Section B 1. Write Short Notes on any Three of the following (Each one should not exceed 200 words): (20 × 3 = 60) 1. Describe various psychological factors contributing to violence. Suggest strategies to be used for rehabilitation of the victims. 2. Discuss the psychological effects of noise pollution. Support your answer with recent research finding. 3. Discuss various rights of consumers. Critically evaluate the effect of consumer awareness on consumer behavior. 4. How can media contribute to prosocial behavior by applying principle of psychology. 2. Discuss the role of information technology in the process of formal education. Critically evaluate its effectiveness for motivating a learner (60). 3. Discuss and critically evaluate the contribution of military psychology in defence (60). 4. Discuss the contribution of David McClelland in the field of motivation. Discuss the salient feature of conducive environment for enhancement of achievement motivation (60).

2009 Section A 1. Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. Perception of size is explained from visual angle perspective. Evaluate its adequate. 2. The History of psychology show ‘mind-body’ approach as one of the popular ways of explaining behavior. Discuss how this is being revisited in modern psychology.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2009

3. With suitable examples distinguish between exploratory type and confirmatory type factor analysis. How do you examine the significance level of factors loadings? 4. Distinguish the application of signal detection theory In the selection process of defense personal. How do you get and interpret ROC Curve. 2. Answer the following 1. Distinguish between ‘intelligence’ and ‘aptitude’ tests. Lists commonly measured aptitudes and their tests. 30 2. Prepare an experimental design following Sperling's technique to study iconic memory. What does the experiment prove? 30 3. What is psychological well being? Discuss various methods in promoting psychological well being across major stages of the life span. 60 4. Discuss various characteristics of probability learning. Prepare an experimental design of probability learning following ‘Bernoulli Sequence’ When is the behavior of the subject labeled as ‘gambler's fallacy’ 60 Section B 1. Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. Comment on Chomsky's theory of transformational Generative grammar and discuss its later modifications. 2. Discuss the use (s) of SPSS program in psychological testing. 3. What is non directive thinking? Discuss different dimensions of thoughts processes in relation to concept and creativity? 4. How is emotional competence assessed? Discuss the efforts of emotion on behavior. Cite experimental evidence. 2. What are the different stages of sleep? How are these stages assessed experimentally? Citing relevant research studies discuss the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions. 60 3. Critically evaluate the relative merits and demerits of psychometric measures of personality and intelligence. 60 4. Discuss nature, formation and measurement of attitude. Can attitude be changed? Substantiate your answer citing research finding. 60 Paper II: Section A 1. Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. You have been asked to establish convergent and discriminant validity of the Civil Service (Preliminary) Test. How would you do it? 2. Compare gender differences in prevalence of substance abuse in India. 3. Comment on the role of cognitive factors in the experience of stress.

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2010

4. What psychological priciples can be used to improve the effectiveness of poverty eradication programs? 2. Answer the following: 1. What are the methodological differences between a ‘constructed’ and a ‘standardized’ psychological test? 20 2. Comment on the limits of psychotherapeutic methods. 20 3. What are the merits of ‘sensitivity training groups’ as a training progarmme in organizations? 20 3. Answer the following: 1. Should children with learning disabilities be taught in mainstream schools? Critically examine. 30 2. What, in your view, are the psychological problems that physically challenge people are more prone to? 30 4. Discuss the psychological significance of ‘group decision’ How can this be applied in fostering mental health in a Community? 60 Section B 1. Answer any THREE of the following in not more than 200 words each: 20 × 3 = 60 1. What are the psychological consequence of crowding? 2. What psychological processes are associated with a self fulfilling prophecy? 3. As a Psychologist, How would you design a Training progamme for the defence personal for Operating in low intensity conflicts areas? 4. what psychological principles can be used to protect our environment? 2. Answer the following: 1. Discuss the psychological consequences of ‘prolonged’ as well as ‘relative’ deprivation. 30 2. Evaluate the contribution of psychology in dealing with the issue of gender discrimination. 30 3. What psychological explanation would you offer for India's failure in reducing its growth rate significantly? 60 4. What processes create out groups? To What extent can developing super ordinate goals and norms promote inter-group cooperation and reduce conflicts between groups? 60

2010 Paper I Section - A 1. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: a. Under what conditions would a researcher prefer to use focused group discussion over interviewing? 10

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2010

b. In what ways does an experimental desgn differ from a quasi-experimental design ? 10 c. What is REM sleep and how is it related to dreaming ? 10 d. How would you process information for maintaining it for long-term usage ? 10 e. What are the stage of cognitive development according to Piaget ? 10 f. What is sensory adaptation ? Explain with examples . 15 2. (a) Discuss the role of monocular and binocular cues in depth perception. 20 (b) You are the head of an office in which employees habitually come late and leave early. Suggest a behavior modification plan for such employees. 20 (c) Briefly suggest how well-being of the elderly can be promoted. 10 (d) Comment on the impact of immediate and delayed reinforment on learning. 10 3. (a) What are the broblems a researcher is likely to face in making causal inferences if the researcher were to use a single - group pre-test-post-test design ? 30 (b) How can biological aging be modified with the help of enviromental factors ? 30 4. (a) How do task similarity and modality influence dual-task performance ? 30 (b) Discuss the levels of processing framework of memory and the relevant supporting research evidence. 30 Paper I Section-B 5. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: (a) Discuss the constituents of emotional intelligence. 10 (b) Discuss the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. 10 (c) Distinguish between IQ and deviation IQ. 10 (d) Explain anterograde amnesia with special reference to the classical case of HM. 10 (e) Discuss the role of heuristics in reasoning. 10 (f) What is likely to happen if a person is asked to behave in a manner contrary to the attitude the person holds ? Explain on the basis of a theory. 10 6. (a) What are the 'big' five' personality factors? Critically examine their conceptual basis. 30 (b) Khap Panchayats have been in the news recentaly because of their opposition to same-'gotra' marriages . What psychological constructs would explain their behavior ? 30 7. (a) Discuss the concept of N Ach and different methods which have been used to measure it. 30 (b) Comapre Chomsky's innate mechanism view with Skinner's view of language development. 30 8. (a) Critically asses Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence. 30 (b) Discuss the role of cognition in experiencing emotion in the light of experience studies. 30 Paper II Section - A 1. Answer any three of the following. (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 20×3=60 (a) Discuss the application of psychological tests in the selection of creative students. Elucidate their limitations. (b) In which way, the eastern traditional wisdom has contributed to dealing with psychological illesses ?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2011

(c) Evaluate the applications of equity theory and Porter- Lawler's theory in modern organizations. (d) Discuss the role of social agencies in rehabilitation of HIV/AIDS victims. 2. (a) Enumerate the different types of phobias encountered in clinical practice. Explain the application of behavior therapy in handling these phobic disorders. 30 (b) Explain the role of case study in understanding the learning disabilities in school children. Prepare a proforma for the case study of a dyslexic child. 30 3. (a) Discuss critically the relevance of community psychology in India for the eradication of superstitions. 30 (b) Discuss the challenges encountered by the guidance and counselling movement in Inda. 30 4. 'In diagnosis,treatment and prognosis, it is more important to know which person has the disease rather than the disease he has'. Express your agreement or otherwise with the statement with justifications and discuss its implications for Psychotherapy. 60 Paper II Section B 5. Answer any three of the following. (Each answer should not exceed 200 words): 20×3=60 (a) Analyse the motivational deficits in the disadvantaged and the deprived groups. Suggest remedial remedial measures for overcoming these deficits. (b) Is gender difference dichotomous or does it constitute a continuum ? Explain in the light of research on masculinity- feminity. (c) How can psychologists help sports persons in enhancing their performance on the field ? (d) Comment on the effectiveness of training programs for developing entrepreneurship and achievement motivation. 6. (a) What is Intergroup- contact' hypothesis ? Discuss its implications and limitations in reducing prejudices. 30 (b) Critically examine distance education in the light of mass media and in formation technology. Comment on the role of psychologists in this regard. 30 7. (a) Discuss the psychological consequences of recent developments in Information Technology with special reference to cognitive and social development. 30 (b) 'Terroism begins in the minds of young people and it is in their mind that lasting solutions to the problem is to be sought'. Comment on this statement and suggest the remedial measures. 30 8. (a) 'Prejudice is a consequence of socialisation and learning '. Discuss this statement and suggest measures to reduce prejudices in the Indian context. 30 (b) State the salient faetures of the Man-Environment relationship. Discuss their implications for architects in designing built-environment. 30

2011 Paper I Section - A 1. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: 10 x 6 = 60

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2011

(a) Describe the key assumptions on which psychology claims to be a science. (b) Suggest a plan of an experimental study to evaluate the effect of compensatory education on academic achievement of school- going students from low income group. (c) On what grounds are STM and LTM distinguished? (d) How the principles of encoding help enhancing the use of mnemonic devices? (e) Distinguish between negative reinforcement and punishment. Indicate the limitations of punishment in the context of learning. (f) What do illusions tell about the nature of perception? 2. (a) What is social constructionism? How does it challenge the mainstream psychology? 20 (b) Discuss the consequences of learned helplessness as demonstrated in classic experiment on dogs. Find out its parallels in real life. 20 (c) How does the brain mediate between the genotype and the phenotype for psychological characteristics? 10 (d) Contrast bottom-up and top-down theories of perception. 10 3. (a) How does signal – detection theory envisage the decision process? In what other areas of psychology can it be applied? 30 (b) How does level of processing model differ from multistore and working memory models? Explain. 30 4. (a) Critically evaluate the role of parenting style, peer group and media in identity formation during adolescence. 30 (b) Examine the concerns for control, measurement and artifacts, and also indicate the threats they pose to the development of scientific psychology. 30 Paper I Section –B 5. Answer the following, each in not more than 100 words: 10 x 6 = 60 a. Differentiate between inductive and deductive reasoning, and give reasons for the preference of scientist towards inductive reasoning. b. How does arousal theory explain human motivation? c. What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? Explain with the help of examples. d. How is the information we hold about ourselves organized and interpreted? e. Compare the model of fluid and crystallized intelligence with the two factor theory of Spearman. f. What are the functions of emotions? 6. (a) What are the criteria to identify creativity? How can a teacher promote creativity in the classroom setting? 30 (b) Describe and evaluate the model of intelligence proposed by J.P. Das. 30 7. (a) How does language differ from other forms of communication? Referring to relevant studies, document children’s progress from non–verbal communication to the use of language . 30 (b) Compare the Indian and western constructions of ‘Self’ with reference to cross – cultural studies and bring out their implication for well – being. 30

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2011

8. (a) Elaborate upon the salient developments in consciousness studies and indicate the effect of ‘meditation’ on psychological functions. 30 (b) Describe different psychological measures of values and outline a program for fostering values. among school- going children. 30 Paper II: Section-A 1. Answer the following questions. Each answer must not exceed 200 words : 20x3=60 a. Discuss the process of selection of 'gifted children' on the basis of psychological tests. Make recommendations for their proper schooling. b. Critically evaluate internal consistency and stability coefficients as indices of reliability. c. Explain delusional disorders and highlight their distinguishing features. 2. (a) Discuss the various aspects subjective well-being as propounded by positive psychology movement. 30 (b) Critically evaluate the effectiveness of Beck's cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of different types of depressions. 30 3. (a) Explain paranoid and schizoid personality disorders. 30 (b) Compare procedural and distributive justice, and present their effect on employees ' motivation. 30 4. (a) Explain person-centred therapy and state its limitation with suitable examples. 30 (b) Differentiate between- managerial effectiveness. and efficiency, and discuss the factors influencing them. 30 Paper II Section –B 5. Answer the following question. Each answer should not exceed 200 words. : 20 x 3 = 60 a. Provide comparison between transformational and transactional leadership for their relevance to Indian organizations. b. Discuss the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in the. management of mental health. c. Bring out the need of value education in personality development of students during schooling. 6. (a) What are the techniques and devices used in improving memory to ensure better academic achievements? Discuss. 30 (b) Clarify the relationship between stereotypes and prejudices, and examine their impact on social integration. 30 7. (a) Detail out the relationship between information technology, mass media and their psychological consequences with suitable examples. 30 (b) Can deprivation be a source of motivation? Discuss the psychological measures relevant to deal with the negative consequences of prolonged deprivation. 30

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2012

8. (a) Examine the role of ‘mental-plus-muscle’ practices in training of athletes. 30 (b) Discuss the challenges of managing gender biases in Indian society. 30

2012 Paper 1 Section A Q1 12 marks 150 WORDS 1. Elucidate the contribution of Sir Francis Galton in shaping psychology 2. Discuss the criteria of question writing in a survey research 3. Bring out the differences between sampling error and error in sampling. How sampling error is 4. Describe the role of epigenetic model in determining human behavior 5. Discuss the payoff matrix in relation to signal detection theory Q2 20 marks, 250 words 1. discuss the three basic conditions for using t-test of significance. Describe at least five different uses of t-test, with examples. 2. Compare the Sterling’s experiments with that of Neisser’s experiments in the study of sensory memory. What did this to experiments prove? 3. with suitable examples, critically evaluate both primary and secondary reinforcements and bring out their role in establishing conditioning Q3 30 marks 400 words 1. In which way IRT is an improvement over classical tests clearly? Compare the two approaches and critically evaluate Rasch’s model of IRT 2. describe Broadbent’s filter theory of attention. Why this elegant theory turned out to be inadequate? Comment upon the alternate approaches Q4 20 marks, 250 words 1. what is McCrary Hunter invariance hypothesis? Discuss the shape and characteristics of serial position error curve in terms of invariance hypothesis. 2. Evaluate duplicity theory of vision. Cite experimental evidences in support of the theory. 3. examine the impact of cultural factors on socialising process among children Psychology Paper 1 Section B Q5 12 marks 150 words

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2012

1. Discuss various dimensions of thought process in relation to concept. 2. is facial expression of emotion innate or acquired? support your answer with suitable evidence 3. discuss the modification of Chomsky’s transformational generative grammar 4. compare LISREL program with that of SPASS in the analysis of multivariate data 5. Evaluate various factors which influence intrinsic motivation Q6 20 marks 250 words 1. compare multifactor theory of intelligence with that of multiple intelligences 2. Enumberate different stages of sleep. discuss the effects of sleep deprivation Enumerate various methods of problem-solving. critically evaluate their advantages and limitations. Q7 30 marks 400 words 1. what is the essence of projective technique? Critically evaluate perceptive, appreciative and productive projective tests in the measurement of personality 2. discuss A-B-C , opponents of attitudes. Describe the procedure of development of a tool for measurement of attitude Q8 20 words, 250 marks 1. what is meant by effective communication? Evaluate various sources of effective communication 2. critically evaluate the relation between intelligence and creativity. Cite experimental evidences in support of your answer 3. how would you measure emotion of an individual? Discuss the effect of emotion on behavior Paper II Section A Q1. 12 marks, 150 words 1. What do you understand by personality disorders? Distinguish between schizoid personality disorder and schizophrenia 2. Comment on the present practices related to educational guidance and counselling programs in indian schools and colleges. Highlight the problems in implementing and strengthening these programs in indian context 3. Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of psychodynamic therapies in the treatment of mental disorders. 4. Discuss how the major role of rehabilitation psychologists is primarily as a facilitator of adjusting behavior rather than as a symptom eradicator

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2012

5. Discuss the merits of the role of small groups in social action and community handling of social problem’s Q2 30 marks 400 words 1. Explain the characteristics of standardised psychological tests. Discuss the major steps in developing self-report personality inventory. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples 2. Discuss different learning disabilities and their educational and psychological consequences. Suggest relevant remedial measures in this context. Q3 20 marks 250 words 1. Explain the assumptions underlying cognitive therapy. Critically comment on its utility in the treatment of mental disorders 2. Identify the physical and psychological consequences of being the victim of violence. Explain the nature of counselling and rehabilitation services a psychologist can render to the victim of violence 3. Define the notion of environmental pollution. How would you explain the impact of scientific and technological innovation on environmental degradation from psychological perspective. Q4 20 marks 250 words 1. defined learned helplessness. How can this concept be used to explain depressive disorders? 2. Explain the model of sensitivity training. Relate them to organisational development 3. explaining Vroom’s expectancy theory of work motivation and link this theory with variable pay programs Paper II Section B Q5 12 marks 150 words 1. Canon achievement motivation be included as a base of training for economic growth and development of a country? Discuss the contribution of Mcclelland and his team in this context 2. justify with examples of the insights derived from studies on intergroup contact hypothesis would be useful in promoting harmonious relationship among different castes and in maintaining social order 3. What are the causes of domestic violence? How is the belief in a just world used to rationalise this violence?

Psychology Previous Years’ Papers:

2012

4. Explain the concept of team cohesiveness in the context of sports. How can teamwork be improved through the application of sports psychology? 5. Discuss the components of gender sensitivity training. Indicate its importance in the context of management of workforce diversity. Q6 30 marks 400 words 1. What are the psychological components of advertising and marketing? Identify and discuss the relevant ethical considerations. 2. Explain the consequences of short-term and long-term exposure to noise. How does noise affect our social behavior? Cite the impact of crowding in this context Q7 20 marks 250 words 1. Explain the psychological consequences of being a part of socially disadvantaged groups especially with reference to self-concept, identity, motivation and achievement. Give examples from Indian context 2. Distinguish between prejudice and discrimination. Explain the variable moderating the manifestation of prejudice into overt behavior. 3. What is glass ceiling effect? Explain the casual factors underlying it. What remedy in steps can be taken by the employing organizations to minimise the glass ceiling effect? Q8 20 marks 250 words 1. Discuss critically the utility of IT and mass media in the context of distance learning. Throw light on the strengths and limitations of distance learning 2. Explaine the psychological factors and mates that demotivate people from following small family norms. Suggest relevant motivational strategies in this context 3. what is man machine system in the context of human engineering? Highlight the application of human engineering in defence with reference to equipment design.