Universidad Nacional Experimental de La Seguridad

 

 ^gjvnrsjmim

Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi

Pneurjmim g ivnei`j Jr i bi givne i`jðg ðgJr Jr i bi b i cÿsqun cÿ squnmi mi

^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim Pjebi

^GNP

]jpf

Qÿcbj`i

Dugmi`jðg

dncrnrf mn  mn 311: 311: (99  (99 iùfs)9 90 mn dncrnrf

Bf`ibjzi`jðg

Mjrn``jðg

@ngtrf mn Dfrki`jðg ^GNP - @itji? @ibbn Bi Bëgni, Igtjeui _fgi Jgmustrjib mn @itji, Bfs Dbfrns mn @itji, Kugj`jpjf Bjcnrtimfr, Mjstrjtf @ipjtib. @iri`is Pnmn  Pnmn @ngtrib, @iri`is

Tngnzunbi

Pjtjf wnc

http?//www.ugns.nmu.vn/

\nmjtir mitfs ng Ujljmiti[

Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim (^GNP) ns ugi ugjvnrsjmim pÿcbj`i nspn`jibjzimi pÿcbj`i  nspn`jibjzimi mn Tngnzunbi, `fg su snmn prjg`jpib ng @iri`is @iri`is.. Bi kjski sn ng`irei mn bi prfdnsjfgibjzi`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi ng nb piës, ngtrn nbbfs mn bfs `unrpfs nspn`jibns mn bi Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib Cfbjvirjigi, Cfbjvirjigi, nb @unrpf mn Jgvnstjei`jfgns @jngtëdj`is, Qngibns y @rjkjgibëstj`is, @rjkjgibëstj`is , ngtrn ftrfs.

Ëgmj`n    

9Hjstfrji 3Jgstjtu`jðg 0Kjsjðg =Tjsjðg

 

   

>Fcontjvfs 4Pnmns 5Sndnrng`jis 8Ngbi`ns nxtnrgfs

Hjstfrji\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim ^GNP gi`n `fkf rnsubtimf mn jg`igsicbns bu`his mn i`tjvjstis mn mnrn`hfs hukigfs, jgvnstjeimfrns, mf`ngtns, dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs pfbj`jibns, qun ipfyirfg bfs prf`nsfs engnrimfs mnsmn bi @fkjsjðg Gi`jfgib piri bi Sndfrki Qfbj`jib (@FGISNQFB). Bi @FGISNQFB dun `rnimi pfr nb Efcjnrgf Cfbjvirjigf `fg nb fcontf mn `fgstrujr ug gunvf kfmnbf pfbj`jib dugmikngtimf ng bi vfbugtim pfpubir qun bferð nxprnsirsn mn kignri pburib y mnkf`rétj`i pfr knmjf mn ugi ikpbji `fgsubti qun rn`fbn`tð y sjstnkitjzð bis fpjgjfgns y prfpfsj`jfgns mn kjbns mn pnrsfgis i bf biref y ig`hf mn gunstrf tnrrjtfrjf gi`jfgib. Nstn nonr`j`jf, icjnrtf n jg`buyngtn, jgvfbu`rð i bis prfpjis jgstjtu`jfgns pfbj`jibns, i rnprnsngti`jfgns sf`jibns mjvnrsis y i nxpnrtfs ng nb tnki mn bi sneurjmim (ng nb ékcjtf gi`jfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib). Bi @fgsubti Qfpubir sn sustngtð ng bfs prjg`jpjfs mn pirtj`jpi`jðg, trigspirng`ji, jkpir`jibjmim y `frrnspfgsicjbjmim y hfy ng mëi sn punmn idjrkir qun dun ug prf`nsf qun sjrvn `fkf `birf nonkpbf mn bf qun nb puncbf vngnzfbigf punmn `fgqujstir pfr knmjf mn su pirtj`jpi`jðg i`tjvi ng bi nbicfri`jðg mn pfbëtj`is pÿcbj`is, pbigns y prferikis rndnrjmfs i bi sneurjmim `jumimigi. Nstn knrjtfrjf nsdunrzf `fbn`tjvf icrjð bi pfsjcjbjmim mn bbikir bi itng`jðg sfcrn tnkis rndnrngtns i bi `irrnri pfbj`jib, ib `urrë`ubf i`imêkj`f, i bi enstjðg y ndj`jng`ji mn bfs `unrpfs pfbj`jibns y kn`igjskfs mn rngmj`jðg mn `ungtis, bi gn`nsjmim mn ug kiyfr i`nr`ikjngtf mn bfs `unrpfs pfbj`jibns i bi `fkugjmim, mn iukngtir bi prnsng`ji pfbj`jib y mn knofrir bi mfti`jðg mn nstis jgstjtu`jfgns piri bferir ibtfs gjvnbns mn enstjðg y ndj`jng`ji, ngtrn ftrfs. Bi @fkjsjðg rn`fkngmð, ngtrn ftris `fsis, jg`rnkngtir bi pirtj`jpi`jðg `fkugjtirji ng bi `fgtribfrëi y supnrvjsjðg mn sus `unrpfs pfbj`jibns< imnkés, mn prfpfgnr bi `rni`jðg mn ugi jgstig`ji jgtnrkjgjstnrjib qun mjsnùiri bfs nstégmirns mn bi dfrki`jðg pfbj`jib. Nb Gunvf Kfmnbf Qfbj`jib prfpunstf `fkf rnsubtimf mn bi vfbugtim pfpubir dun rndrngmimf i trivês mn Bny Hicjbjtigtn pfr Hicjbjtigtn pfr nb Qrnsjmngtn mn bi Snpÿcbj`i Cfbjvirjigi mn Tngnzunbi, Huef @hévnz,, rn`fejmf ng nb Mn`rntf `fg Sigef Tibfr y Dunrzi mn Bny Freégj`i mnb Pnrvj`jf mn @hévnz Qfbj`ëi y mnb @unrpf mn Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib (3118), nsticbn`n (ng su irtë`ubf >8) qun Ðreigf Sn`tfr ng `fgougtf `fg nb Kjgjstnrjf mnb Qfmnr Qfpubir `fg `fkpntng`ji ng kitnrji mn Nmu`i`jðg Pupnrjfr mntnrkjgiré nb mjsnùf `urrj`ubir y bis pfbëtj`is y i``jfgns qun eirigtj`ng bi ugjmim mnb prf`nsf mn dfrki`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf prfdnsjfgib pnrkigngtn qun mncnré ipbj`ir bi jgstjtu`jðg i`imêkj`i gi`jfgib rnspfgsicbn mnb sjstnki ÿgj`f mn dfrki`jðg mn bis dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs pfbj`jibns. Ng nb kir`f mn bi Kjsjðg Ibki Kitnr, sn dfrkibjzi bi `rni`jðg mn bi ^GNP, ng nb iùf 311:< `fkf bi jgstjtu`jðg ugjvnrsjtirji nspn`jibjzimi ng bi prfdnsjfgibjzi`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi ng nb piës.

Jgstjtu`jðg\nmjtir [ @fg ug `urrë`ubf `urrë`ubf `fkÿg  `fkÿg césj`f y `fg mjvnrsjdj`i`jðg sneÿg bis mjs`jpbjgis y érnis nspn`jibjzimis mnb snrvj`jf, bi ^GNP isukn nb rntf mn `fgsfbjmir `unrpfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi ib snrvj`jf mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf qun snig trigspirngtns, `fg sngtjmf êtj`f,

 

`fgdjicbns, ndj`i`ns, icjnrtfs i bi pirtj`jpi`jðg pfpubir, i bi `fgtribfrëi sf`jib y ioustimfs ib `ukpbjkjngtf mn bfs mnrn`hfs y bjcnrtimns `jumimigis. Bi ^GNP dfrkiré pnrkigngtnkngtn i bis dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bfs sjeujngtns ðreigfs mn sneurjmim?       

Bi Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib Cfbjvirjigi @unrpfs mn Qfbj`ëi Nstimibns y Kugj`jpibns @unrpf mn Jgvnstjei`jfgns @jngtëdj`is, Qngibns y @rjkjgibëstj`is @unrpfs mn Cfkcnrfs y Cfkcnris @unrpf mn Qrftn``jðg @jvjb y Imkjgjstri`jðg mn Mnsistrns Qngjtng`jirjstis @unrpf ]ê`gj`f mn Tjejbig`ji y ]régsjtf ]nrrnstrn

Bfs prf`nsfs mn iprngmjzion mn bi ^GNP nstég dugmikngtimfs ng bi `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib, bi sjstnkitjzi`jðg mn bis pré`tj`is y prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim (ng bfs `fgtnxtfs gi`jfgib, rnejfgib y bf`ib), ng nb jgtnr`ikcjf mn sicnrns y ng bi pirtj`jpi`jðg i`tjvi mn nmu`imfrns y nstumjigtns. Ns pfr nbbf qun gunstri jgstjtu`jðg isukn bi nmu`i`jðg y nb `fgf`jkjngtf `fkf cjngns pÿcbj`fs ib snrvj`jf mn tfmis y tfmfs, ciof bfs prjg`jpjfs mn oustj`ji sf`jib, rnspntf i bfs mnrn`hfs hukigfs, jeuibmim mn eêgnrf, mjvnrsjmim n jgtnr`ubturibjmim, `ffpnri`jðg sfbjmirji, pirtj`jpi`jðg `jumimigi, `ibjmim, pnrtjgng`ji, dfrki`jðg jgtnerib, nmu`i`jðg i bf biref mn tfmi bi vjmi, vjg`ubi`jðg `fg bfs pbigns mn mnsirrfbbf gi`jfgib y `ffpnri`jðg jgtnrgi`jfgib.

Kjsjðg\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim, dun `rnimi nb 90 mn dncrnrf mn dncrnrf  mn 311: 311: ng  ng nb kir`f mn bi Kjsjðg Ibki Kitnr , `fg pnrsfgibjmim ourëmj`i y pitrjkfgjf prfpjf, `fg dug`jfgns mn dfrki`jðg jgtnerib, `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib y vjg`ubi`jðg sf`jib, nstiré ib snrvj`jf mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf, ng ug prf`nsf pnrkigngtn mn dfrki`jðg prfdnsjfgib y mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn qujngns `fgdfrkig bfs ðreigfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi. Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim ns mn `iré`tnr `jvjb, bf `uib sn nxprnsi ng sus iutfrjmimns, mjrn``jðg, kfmnbf mn enstjðg, pnrsfgib, `ubturi, rêejkng mjs`jpbjgirjf, jgstibi`jfgns, nqujpikjngtf y mfti`jðg, mn i`unrmf `fg sus rnqunrjkjngtfs.9

 Tjsjðg\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim eirigtjzi bi `ibjmim i`imêkj`i y nb `fkprfkjsf sf`jib, sustngtimi ng bfs vibfrns mn `fgdjicjbjmim, trigspirng`ji, ndj`i`ji y pirtj`jpi`jðg, frjngtimfs pfr su sngtjmf êtj`f hi`ji nb rnspntf mn bfs mnrn`hfs hukigfs, bjcnrtimns `jumimigis y bi rnsfbu`jðg mn bfs prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf. Pjrvn `fkf `ngtrf mn rndnrng`ji gi`jfgib, rnejfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib `fg ikpbjf rn`fgf`jkjngtf pfr bfs nstumjfs ng nb `ikpf mn bi sneurjmim< bi `ibjmim n jkpi`tf mn su enstjðg ng bi dfrki`jðg jgtnerib mn bis y bfs mjs`ngtns< bi `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib y bi vjg`ubi`jðg sf`jib. Ns ugi ^gjvnrsjmim qun nbnvi, mn kignri `fgtjgui, su `ipi`jmim piri engnrir y sjstnkitjzir `fgf`jkjngtf ÿtjb, prfmu`tf mn su rnbi`jðg `fg nb `fgtnxtf y bi jgtnri``jðg mjrn`ti `fg nb puncbf vngnzfbigf, sus gn`nsjmimns y pftng`jibjmimns, i djg mn mir rnspunsti ndj`jngtn i bis `rn`jngtns mnkigmis y trigsdfrki`jfgns sf`jibns ng tfrgf i bfs prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim, ib mnsirrfbbf `jngtëdj`f tn`gfbðej`f n jg`jmjr ng bi rnvnrsjðg mn bis tngmng`jis mnbj`tjvis i`tuibns y bis pnrspn`tjvis i gjvnb gi`jfgib, rnejfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib. Ns ugi ^gjvnrsjmim ng bi qun, mfgmn sn ig`big sus snmns, sn mnspbjneig mjspfsjtjvfs mn triciof irtj`ubimf `fg bi `fkugjmim n jgstjtu`jfgns bf`ibns y gi`jfgibns, piriy `fgtrjcujr rnsfbu`jðg mn bfs erivns prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim qun iqunong i bi bf`ibjmim eirigtjzir`fg ugibi

 

vjmi trigqujbi, ng bi qun bis pnrsfgis punmig mjsdrutir mnb bjcrn nonr`j`jf mn sus mnrn`hfs dugmikngtibns.

Fcontjvfs\nmjtir [ 

Dfrkir i bis dug`jfgirjis y bfs dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi `fkf kuonrns y hfkcrns prfdnsjfgibns, `fg prfdugmi sngsjcjbjmim sf`jib, piri prftnenr i bis pnrsfgis y sus prfkfvnr bimnb `fgvjvng`ji y vnbir pfr nbycjng ib nstir `fkprfkntjmfs `fg mnrn`hfs, nb `icib `ukpbjkjngtf frmngikjngtf ourëmj`f `fg`fkÿg, nb mnsirrfbbf sfcnrigf mn bi Qitrji, sfcrn bi cisn mn bi êtj`i sf`jibjsti.

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Eirigtjzir bi dfrki`jðg mn cisn y `fgtjgui, `fgdfrkn i bfs prjg`jpjfs `fgstjtu`jfgibns y bfs jgstrukngtfs ourëmj`fs qun rneubig bfs kn`igjskfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi, `fg mjvnrsjdj`i`jðg sneÿg bis mjs`jpbjgis y érnis mnb snrvj`jf, `fgtnxtuibjzimi ng dug`jðg mn bis rnibjmimns gi`jfgibns, tigtf bf`ibns `fkf rnejfgibns. Engnrir, mjdugmjr y sf`jibjzir `fgf`jkjngtfs ng nb érni mn sneurjmim, pfr knmjf mn bi jgvnstjei`jðg, bi sjstnkitjzi`jðg y nb igébjsjs `rëtj`f mn bis sjtui`jfgns, `isfs y pré`tj`is prfdnsjfgibns, bi `fgsubti pÿcbj`i y nb mjébfef mn sicnrns `fg bis `fkugjmimns. @fgtrjcujr i `rnir ugi `ubturi mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi mjrjejmi ib pbngf nonr`j`jf mn bfs mnrn`hfs mn tfmis y tfmfs, ng jeuibmim `fgmj`jfgns, ng bi `frrnspfgsicjbjmim ngtrn bfs mjstjgtfs gjvnbnsmnmn bfs Qfmnrnsdugmikngtimi Qÿcbj`fs y bi sf`jnmim.

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Jkpubsir bi pirtj`jpi`jðg prftieðgj`i mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf ng bi dfrkubi`jðg, non`u`jðg y nvibui`jðg mn pfbëtj`is pÿcbj`is ng kitnrji mn sneurjmim.

Pnmns\nmjtir [               

@iri` @ir i`is is (Mjstrjtf @ipjtib) @ipjtib) (Pnmn Qrjg`jpib) @jumim Cf bëvir ir (Nstimf Cfbëvir ) @jum im Cfbëv Cir`nb Cir `nbfg fgi i (Nstimf Igzfétneuj) Igzfétneuj) Kir i`iy Kiri` iy (Nstimf Irieui) Irieui) Cirq ujsjknt Cirqujs jkntf f (Nstimf Biri) Biri) Pig @rjstðcib  (Nstimf ]é`hjri) ]é`hjri) Kiri` ijcf cf (Nstimf _ubji) _ubji) Kir i`ij Pig Dnb D nbjpn jpn (Nstimf Ziri`uy) Ziri`uy) Pig Dnrg Dnrgigm igmf f(Nstimf Ipurn) Ipurn) Cirjgi Cir jgiss (Nstimf Cirjgis) Cirjgis) @frf (Nstimf Dib`ðg) Dib`ðg) Tire Ti reis is (Nstimf Tireis) Tireis) Tibng` Tib ng`ji ji (Nstimf @iricfcf) @iricfcf)  I`irjeui (Nstimf Qfrtueunsi) Qfrtueunsi) Nb Nspjgib  (Nstimf Gunvi Nspirti) Nspirti)

 

^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim g ivnei`j Jr i bi givne i`jðg ðgJr Jr i bi b i cÿsqun cÿ squnmi mi

^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim Pjebi

^GNP

]jpf

Qÿcbj`i

Dugmi`jðg

90 mn dncrnrf dncrnrf mn  mn 311: 311: (99  (99 iùfs)9

Bf`ibjzi`jðg

Mjrn``jðg

@ngtrf mn Dfrki`jðg ^GNP - @itji? @ibbn Bi Bëgni, Igtjeui _fgi Jgmustrjib mn @itji, Bfs Dbfrns mn @itji, Kugj`jpjf Bjcnrtimfr, Mjstrjtf @ipjtib. @iri`is @iri`is Pnmn  Pnmn @ngtrib,

Tngnzunbi

Pjtjf wnc

http?//www.ugns.nmu.vn/

\nmjtir mitfs ng Ujljmiti[

Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim (^GNP) ns ugi ugjvnrsjmim pÿcbj`i nspn`jibjzimi pÿcbj`i  nspn`jibjzimi mn Tngnzunbi, `fg su snmn prjg`jpib ng @iri`is @iri`is.. Bi kjski sn ng`irei mn bi prfdnsjfgibjzi`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi ng nb piës, ngtrn nbbfs mn bfs `unrpfs nspn`jibns mn bi Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib Cfbjvirjigi, Cfbjvirjigi, nb @unrpf mn Jgvnstjei`jfgns @jngtëdj`is, Qngibns y @rjkjgibëstj`is, @rjkjgibëstj`is , ngtrn ftrfs.

Ëgmj`n 

9Hjstfrji

 

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3Jgstjtu`jðg 0Kjsjðg =Tjsjðg >Fcontjvfs 4Pnmns 5Sndnrng`jis 8Ngbi`ns nxtnrgfs

Hjstfrji\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim ^GNP gi`n `fkf rnsubtimf mn jg`igsicbns bu`his mn i`tjvjstis mn mnrn`hfs hukigfs, jgvnstjeimfrns, mf`ngtns, dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs pfbj`jibns, qun ipfyirfg bfs prf`nsfs engnrimfs mnsmn bi @fkjsjðg Gi`jfgib piri bi Sndfrki Qfbj`jib (@FGISNQFB). Bi @FGISNQFB dun `rnimi pfr nb Efcjnrgf Cfbjvirjigf `fg nb fcontf mn `fgstrujr ug gunvf kfmnbf pfbj`jib dugmikngtimf ng bi vfbugtim pfpubir qun bferð nxprnsirsn mn kignri pburib y mnkf`rétj`i pfr knmjf mn ugi ikpbji `fgsubti qun rn`fbn`tð y sjstnkitjzð bis fpjgjfgns y prfpfsj`jfgns mn kjbns mn pnrsfgis i bf biref y ig`hf mn gunstrf tnrrjtfrjf gi`jfgib. Nstn nonr`j`jf, icjnrtf n jg`buyngtn, jgvfbu`rð i bis prfpjis jgstjtu`jfgns pfbj`jibns, i rnprnsngti`jfgns sf`jibns mjvnrsis y i nxpnrtfs ng nb tnki mn bi sneurjmim (ng nb ékcjtf gi`jfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib). Bi @fgsubti Qfpubir sn sustngtð ng bfs prjg`jpjfs mn pirtj`jpi`jðg, trigspirng`ji, jkpir`jibjmim y `frrnspfgsicjbjmim y hfy ng mëi sn punmn idjrkir qun dun ug prf`nsf qun sjrvn `fkf `birf nonkpbf mn bf qun nb puncbf vngnzfbigf punmn `fgqujstir pfr knmjf mn su pirtj`jpi`jðg i`tjvi ng bi nbicfri`jðg mn pfbëtj`is pÿcbj`is, pbigns y prferikis rndnrjmfs i bi sneurjmim `jumimigi. Nstn knrjtfrjf nsdunrzf `fbn`tjvf icrjð bi pfsjcjbjmim mn bbikir bi itng`jðg sfcrn tnkis rndnrngtns i bi `irrnri pfbj`jib, ib `urrë`ubf i`imêkj`f, i bi enstjðg y ndj`jng`ji mn bfs `unrpfs pfbj`jibns y kn`igjskfs mn rngmj`jðg mn `ungtis, bi gn`nsjmim mn ug kiyfr i`nr`ikjngtf mn bfs `unrpfs pfbj`jibns i bi `fkugjmim, mn iukngtir bi prnsng`ji pfbj`jib y mn knofrir bi mfti`jðg mn nstis jgstjtu`jfgns piri bferir ibtfs gjvnbns mn enstjðg y ndj`jng`ji, ngtrn ftrfs. Bi @fkjsjðg rn`fkngmð, ngtrn ftris `fsis, jg`rnkngtir bi pirtj`jpi`jðg `fkugjtirji ng bi `fgtribfrëi y supnrvjsjðg mn sus `unrpfs pfbj`jibns< imnkés, mn prfpfgnr bi `rni`jðg mn ugi jgstig`ji jgtnrkjgjstnrjib qun mjsnùiri bfs nstégmirns mn bi dfrki`jðg pfbj`jib. Nb Gunvf Qfbj`jib pfr prfpunstf `fkf rnsubtimf mn bi vfbugtim pfpubir dun rndrngmimf trivês mn Kfmnbf Bny Hicjbjtigtn pfr Hicjbjtigtn nb Qrnsjmngtn mn bi Snpÿcbj`i Cfbjvirjigi mn Tngnzunbi, Huefi @hévnz,, rn`fejmf ng nb Mn`rntf `fg Sigef Tibfr y Dunrzi mn Bny Freégj`i mnb Pnrvj`jf mn @hévnz Qfbj`ëi y mnb @unrpf mn Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib (3118), nsticbn`n (ng su irtë`ubf >8) qun Ðreigf Sn`tfr ng `fgougtf `fg nb Kjgjstnrjf mnb Qfmnr Qfpubir `fg `fkpntng`ji ng kitnrji mn Nmu`i`jðg Pupnrjfr mntnrkjgiré nb mjsnùf `urrj`ubir y bis pfbëtj`is y i``jfgns qun eirigtj`ng bi ugjmim mnb prf`nsf mn dfrki`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf prfdnsjfgib pnrkigngtn qun mncnré ipbj`ir bi jgstjtu`jðg i`imêkj`i gi`jfgib rnspfgsicbn mnb sjstnki ÿgj`f mn dfrki`jðg mn bis dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs pfbj`jibns. Ng nb kir`f mn bi Kjsjðg Ibki Kitnr, sn dfrkibjzi bi `rni`jðg mn bi ^GNP, ng nb iùf 311:< `fkf bi jgstjtu`jðg ugjvnrsjtirji nspn`jibjzimi ng bi prfdnsjfgibjzi`jðg y nb mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi ng nb piës.

Jgstjtu`jðg\nmjtir [

 

@fg ug `urrë`ubf `urrë`ubf `fkÿg  `fkÿg césj`f y `fg mjvnrsjdj`i`jðg sneÿg bis mjs`jpbjgis y érnis nspn`jibjzimis mnb snrvj`jf, bi ^GNP isukn nb rntf mn `fgsfbjmir `unrpfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi ib snrvj`jf mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf qun snig trigspirngtns, `fg sngtjmf êtj`f, `fgdjicbns, ndj`i`ns, icjnrtfs i bi pirtj`jpi`jðg pfpubir, i bi `fgtribfrëi sf`jib y ioustimfs ib `ukpbjkjngtf mn bfs mnrn`hfs y bjcnrtimns `jumimigis. Bi ^GNP dfrkiré pnrkigngtnkngtn i bis dug`jfgirjis y dug`jfgirjfs mn bfs sjeujngtns ðreigfs mn sneurjmim?       

Bi Qfbj`ëi Gi`jfgib Cfbjvirjigi @unrpfs mn Qfbj`ëi Nstimibns y Kugj`jpibns @unrpf mn Jgvnstjei`jfgns @jngtëdj`is, Qngibns y @rjkjgibëstj`is @unrpfs mn Cfkcnrfs y Cfkcnris @unrpf mn Qrftn``jðg @jvjb y Imkjgjstri`jðg mn Mnsistrns Qngjtng`jirjstis @unrpf ]ê`gj`f mn Tjejbig`ji y ]régsjtf ]nrrnstrn

Bfs prf`nsfs mn iprngmjzion mn bi ^GNP nstég dugmikngtimfs ng bi `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib, bi sjstnkitjzi`jðg mn bis pré`tj`is y prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim (ng bfs `fgtnxtfs gi`jfgib, rnejfgib y bf`ib), ng nb jgtnr`ikcjf mn sicnrns y ng bi pirtj`jpi`jðg i`tjvi mn nmu`imfrns y nstumjigtns. Ns pfr nbbf qun gunstri jgstjtu`jðg isukn bi nmu`i`jðg y nb `fgf`jkjngtf `fkf cjngns pÿcbj`fs ib snrvj`jf mn tfmis y tfmfs, ciof bfs prjg`jpjfs mn oustj`ji sf`jib, rnspntf i bfs mnrn`hfs hukigfs, jeuibmim mn eêgnrf, mjvnrsjmim n jgtnr`ubturibjmim, `ffpnri`jðg pirtj`jpi`jðg `jumimigi, `ibjmim, pnrtjgng`ji, dfrki`jðg jgtnerib, nmu`i`jðg i bf birefsfbjmirji, mn tfmi bi vjmi, vjg`ubi`jðg `fg bfs pbigns mn mnsirrfbbf gi`jfgib y `ffpnri`jðg jgtnrgi`jfgib.

Kjsjðg\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim, dun `rnimi nb 90 mn dncrnrf mn dncrnrf  mn 311: 311: ng  ng nb kir`f mn bi Kjsjðg Ibki Kitnr , `fg pnrsfgibjmim ourëmj`i y pitrjkfgjf prfpjf, `fg dug`jfgns mn dfrki`jðg jgtnerib, `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib y vjg`ubi`jðg sf`jib, nstiré ib snrvj`jf mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf, ng ug prf`nsf pnrkigngtn mn dfrki`jðg prfdnsjfgib y mnsirrfbbf jgtnerib mn qujngns `fgdfrkig bfs ðreigfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi. Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim ns mn `iré`tnr `jvjb, bf `uib sn nxprnsi ng sus iutfrjmimns, mjrn``jðg, kfmnbf mn enstjðg, pnrsfgib, `ubturi, rêejkng mjs`jpbjgirjf, jgstibi`jfgns, nqujpikjngtf y mfti`jðg, mn i`unrmf `fg sus rnqunrjkjngtfs.9

 Tjsjðg\nmjtir [ Bi ^gjvnrsjmim Gi`jfgib Nxpnrjkngtib mn bi Pneurjmim eirigtjzi bi `ibjmim i`imêkj`i y nb `fkprfkjsf sf`jib, sustngtimi ng bfs vibfrns mn `fgdjicjbjmim, trigspirng`ji, ndj`i`ji y pirtj`jpi`jðg, frjngtimfs pfr su sngtjmf êtj`f hi`ji nb rnspntf mn bfs mnrn`hfs hukigfs, bjcnrtimns `jumimigis y bi rnsfbu`jðg mn bfs prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf. Pjrvn `fkf `ngtrf mn rndnrng`ji gi`jfgib, rnejfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib `fg ikpbjf rn`fgf`jkjngtf pfr bfs nstumjfs ng nb `ikpf mn bi sneurjmim< bi `ibjmim n jkpi`tf mn su enstjðg ng bi dfrki`jðg jgtnerib mn bis y bfs mjs`ngtns< bi `rni`jðg jgtnbn`tuib y bi vjg`ubi`jðg sf`jib. Ns ugi ^gjvnrsjmim qun nbnvi, mn kignri `fgtjgui, su `ipi`jmim piri engnrir y sjstnkitjzir `fgf`jkjngtf ÿtjb, prfmu`tf mn su rnbi`jðg `fg nb `fgtnxtf y bi jgtnri``jðg mjrn`ti `fg nb puncbf vngnzfbigf, sus gn`nsjmimns y pftng`jibjmimns, i djg mn mir rnspunsti ndj`jngtn i bis `rn`jngtns mnkigmis y trigsdfrki`jfgns sf`jibns ng tfrgf i bfs prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim, ib mnsirrfbbf `jngtëdj`f tn`gfbðej`f n jg`jmjr ng bi rnvnrsjðg mn bis tngmng`jis mnbj`tjvis i`tuibns y bis pnrspn`tjvis i gjvnb gi`jfgib, rnejfgib n jgtnrgi`jfgib.

 

Ns ugi ^gjvnrsjmim ng bi qun, mfgmn sn ig`big sus snmns, sn mnspbjneig mjspfsjtjvfs mn triciof irtj`ubimf `fg bi `fkugjmim n jgstjtu`jfgns bf`ibns y gi`jfgibns, piri `fgtrjcujr `fg bi rnsfbu`jðg mn bfs erivns prfcbnkis mn sneurjmim qun iqunong i bi bf`ibjmim y eirigtjzir ugi vjmi trigqujbi, ng bi qun bis pnrsfgis punmig mjsdrutir mnb bjcrn nonr`j`jf mn sus mnrn`hfs dugmikngtibns.

Fcontjvfs\nmjtir [ 

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Dfrkir i bis dug`jfgirjis y bfs dug`jfgirjfs mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi `fkf kuonrns y hfkcrns prfdnsjfgibns, `fg prfdugmi sngsjcjbjmim sf`jib, piri prftnenr i bis pnrsfgis y sus mnrn`hfs, prfkfvnr bi `fgvjvng`ji y vnbir pfr nb cjng `fkÿg, ib nstir `fkprfkntjmfs `fg nb `icib `ukpbjkjngtf mnb frmngikjngtf ourëmj`f y `fg nb mnsirrfbbf sfcnrigf mn bi Qitrji, sfcrn bi cisn mn bi êtj`i sf`jibjsti. Eirigtjzir bi dfrki`jðg mn cisn y `fgtjgui, `fgdfrkn i bfs prjg`jpjfs `fgstjtu`jfgibns y bfs jgstrukngtfs ourëmj`fs qun rneubig bfs kn`igjskfs mn sneurjmim `jumimigi, `fg mjvnrsjdj`i`jðg sneÿg bis mjs`jpbjgis y érnis mnb snrvj`jf, `fgtnxtuibjzimi ng dug`jðg mn bis rnibjmimns gi`jfgibns, tigtf bf`ibns `fkf rnejfgibns. Engnrir, mjdugmjr y sf`jibjzir `fgf`jkjngtfs ng nb érni mn sneurjmim, pfr knmjf mn bi jgvnstjei`jðg, bi sjstnkitjzi`jðg y nb igébjsjs `rëtj`f mn bis sjtui`jfgns, `isfs y pré`tj`is prfdnsjfgibns, bi `fgsubti pÿcbj`i y nb mjébfef mn sicnrns `fg bis `fkugjmimns.

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@fgtrjcujr i `rnir ugi `ubturi mn bi sneurjmim `jumimigi mjrjejmi ib pbngf nonr`j`jf mn bfs mnrn`hfs mn tfmis y tfmfs, ng jeuibmim mn `fgmj`jfgns, dugmikngtimi ng bi `frrnspfgsicjbjmim ngtrn bfs mjstjgtfs gjvnbns mn bfs Qfmnrns Qÿcbj`fs y bi sf`jnmim. Jkpubsir bi pirtj`jpi`jðg prftieðgj`i mnb puncbf vngnzfbigf ng bi dfrkubi`jðg, non`u`jðg y nvibui`jðg mn pfbëtj`is pÿcbj`is ng kitnrji mn sneurjmim.

Pnmns\nmjtir [  

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@iri` @ir i`is is (Mjstrjtf @ipjtib) @ipjtib) (Pnmn Qrjg`jpib) @jumim @jum im Cfbëv Cf bëvir ir (Nstimf Cfbëvir ) Cir `nbfg Cir`nb fgi i (Nstimf Igzfétneuj) Igzfétneuj) Kiri` Kir i`iy iy (Nstimf Irieui) Irieui) Cirqujs Cirq ujsjknt jkntf f (Nstimf Biri) Biri) Pig @rjstðcib  (Nstimf ]é`hjri) ]é`hjri) Kiri` Kir i`ij ijcf cf (Nstimf _ubji) _ubji) Pig Dnb D nbjpn jpn (Nstimf Ziri`uy) Ziri`uy) Pig Dnrg Dnrgigm igmf f(Nstimf Ipurn) Ipurn) Cirjgi Cir jgiss (Nstimf Cirjgis) Cirjgis) @frf (Nstimf Dib`ðg) Dib`ðg) Tire Ti reis is (Nstimf Tireis) Tireis) Tibng` Tib ng`ji ji (Nstimf @iricfcf) @iricfcf)  I`irjeui (Nstimf Qfrtueunsi) Qfrtueunsi) Nb Nspjgib  (Nstimf Gunvi Nspirti) Nspirti)

 

Fcsnrvi`jðg Jr i bi givnei`jðgJr givnei`jðgJr i bi cÿsqunmi

 Ivjstikjngtf mn cibbngis cibbngis ng  ng pngëgsubi Tibmês, Tibmês, Irengtjgi  Irengtjgi..

Bi fcsnrvi`jðg ns bi imqujsj`jðg i`tjvi mn jgdfrki`jðg i pirtjr mnb sngtjmf mn bi vjsti. Pn triti mn ugi i`tjvjmim rnibjzimi pfr ug snr vjvf (hukigfs, igjkibns, nt`), qun mntn`ti y isjkjbi bfs risefs mn ug nbnkngtf utjbjzigmf sus sngtjmfs `fkf jgstrukngtfs prjg`jpibns. Nb têrkjgf tikcjêg sn punmn rndnrjr i `uibqujnr mitf mitf rn`fejmf  rn`fejmf murigtn nsti i`tjvjmim. Nb prjknr pisf mnb kêtfmf nkpërj`f, nkpërj`f, rnqujsjtf mn bi jgvnstjei`jðg `jngtëdj`i, `jngtëdj`i, ns rnibjzir fcsnrvi`jfgns mn bi gituribnzi, sni `fg triciof mn bicfritfrjf f bicfritfrjf f `fg triciof mn `ikpf. `ikpf.

Fcsnrvi`jðg ng bi jgvnstjei`jðg `uibjtitjv `uibjtitjvi i\nmjtir [ Ng jgvnstjei`jðg sf`jib sn sf`jib sn bbiki fcsnrvi`jðg i ug prf`nmjkjngtf nstru`turimf mn rn`fbn``jðg mn mitfs qun nxpbfri, mns`rjcn, `fkprngmn, jmngtjdj`i y engnri hjpðtnsjs sfcrn ikcjngtns, `fgtnxtfs, suc-`ubturis y bi kiyfrëi mn bfs ispn`tfs mn bi vjmi sf`jib. Bfs tjpfs mn fcsnrvi`jðg sfg? 

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Ns fcsnrvi`jðg pirtj`jpigtn `uigmf pirtj`jpigtn `uigmf nb jgvnstjeimfr sn jgvfbu`ri i`tjvikngtn ng tirnis f sjtui`jfgns. Ns fcsnrvi`jðg gf pirtj`jpigtn `uigmf gimjn `fgf`n su rfb gj sn sicn qun nsté fcsnrvigmf.