Unit 34 Data Structures and Algorithms

March 18, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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]OJ @XEO AIXEPIMD ZEPAJAOMXALI ‟ M__E__GEIX HEOA_ALI_ Rr Rrlf lfrm rmg gge ttaatd tde e

@X @XE EO D D5 5 KIH KIH ai olg olgpu puta tai if m mi ih _ _ys yste teg gs H He evedlp dlpgei eitt

Mssesslr Uiat(s)

Aiterimd Zerajaer

Hmtm _truotures mih Mdflratkgs

Mssafigeit tatde Demrier‑s imge Jarst su`gassali / resu`gassali< (Lidy lie resu`gassali mddlweh, mutklraseh `y Demh Aiterimd Zerajaer) Rmss

Dast wkaok mssessgeit mih frmhaif orateram tke mssesslr kms mwmrheh.

Jarst _u`gassali Gerat

Hastaiotali

∞ 

AIXEPIMD ZEPAJAEP OKEOCDA_X

Olggeits

Kmve tke demrier mih mssesslr olijargeh tke mutkeitaoaty lj tke evaheioe evaheioe< <

Q/I

Qes. tke demrier mih mssesslr olijargeh tke mutkeitaoaty lj tke evaheioe

Hl tke mssessgeit mssessgeit orateram mwmrheh gmtok tklse tmrfeteh `y tke `raej<

Q/I

Qes.Xke mssessgeit orateram mwmrheh gmtok tklse tmrfeteh `y tke `raej 

Kms tke wlrc `eei mssesseh moourmtedy< Hles tke mssessgeit jeeh`moc tl tke demrier> Daic tl redevmit mssessge mssessgeit it orateram< Nustajy emok mssessgeit oraterali mwmrheh< 

Q/I Qes. tke wlrc `eei mssesseh moourmtedy tke mssessgeit mssessgeit jeeh`moc jeeh`moc tl tke de demrier mrier as

Q/I

Daic tl redevmit mssessgeit orateram watk mpprlpramte  nustajaomtalis



Hles tke mssessgeit heoasali ieeh mgeihaif<

Q/I

Il

Mssesslr safimture Aiterimd Zerajaer safimture

Hmte 02=1/2=/2? t

Hmte Hm te 02 02=1 =1/2 /2=/ =/=2 =2

Demh Aiterimd Zerajaer safimture (aj requareh)

Hmte

Olijarg motali olgpdeteh Pegehamd motali tmcei Mssesslr safimture

Hmte

Aiterimd Zerajaer safimture

Hmte

Demh Aiterimd Zerajaer safimture (aj requareh)

Hmte

]OJ @XEO AIXEPIMD ZEPAJAOMXALI ‟ M__E__GEIX HEOA_ALI_

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Mssafigeit @raej  @XEO Deved 8-5 KIO/KIH Hapdlgm (]OJ) Xl `e jddeh `y tke Demrier > K.G.

Imge lj tke Demrier Ehexoed Il> C1581;8

Ailcm _mihmgmda

Oeitre> 1?=28

Hmte lj _u`gassali

@mtok>  2=8

> 02=;-=0-0:

Uiat Mssessgeit Ailrgmli ]umdaomli

> Kafker Imlimd Hapdlgm ai Olgpuif mih _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Uiat Olhe & Xatde

> K/:2=/=85:‟ Uiat ?8 - Hmtm _truotures mih Mdflratkgs

Mssess Mss essge geit it X Xatde atde & Il‑s Il‑s

> Uihe Uiherst rstmih mih mih agp agpdeg degeit eit Hmt Hmtm m struo struoture turess mih mih _tr _traif aifss (Il (Il = lj lj = =))

Demriaif lutolges mih frmhaif lpplrtuiaes>

DL 2=> Uiherstmih hmtm struotures mih mdflratkgs ∞ ∞ ∞ Demriaif Lutolges DL=.= DL=.0 D L = .? DL 20> @e m`de tl agpdegeit hmtm struotures mih mdflratkgs ∞ ∞ Demriaif Lutolges DL0.= ∞  DL0.0 D L 0 .? DL 2?> Uiherstmih klw straifs mre struotureh mih prloesseh. Demriaif Lu Lutolges DL?.= ∞ DL?.0 ∞

Gerat mih Hasioli Hesoraptlr  G= G0  G? H=

H0

H?

 

Mssesslr

>Xkmrucm _mihmgaia

Aiterimd Exmgaier (AE)

> Xkmracm Mgmda

Hmte Pevaeweh

>02=1-2=-2?

Hmte l AE

> 02=1-2=-=2

Hmte Assueh

>02=;-21-2=

Hmte Hue

>02=;-=0-0:

_tmtegeit l Lrafaimdaty mih _tuheit Heodmrmli 

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit   A kere`y, heodmre tkmt A cilw wkmt pdmfamrasg eitmads, imgedy tl use miltker‑s wlrc mih tl preseit at ms gy

lwi watklut mttra`utaif tke sluroes ai tke olrreot wmy. A jurtker uiherstmih wkmt at gemis tl olpy miltker‑s wlrc. 

=. A cilw tkmt pdmfamrasg as m puiaskm`de ljjeioe `eomuse at olistatutes tkejt. 0. A uiherstmih tke pdmfamrasg mih olpyaif pldaoy lj tke Ehexoed UC. ?. A cilw wkmt tke oliseq oliseque ueio ioes es wa wadd dd `e aj A pdmfa pdmfamr mrae aess lr ol olpy py mi miltk ltker er‑s ‑s wl wlrc rc ai miy miy lj tke tke mssafigeits jlr tkas prlfrmg.

8. A heodmre tkerejlre tkmt mdd wlrc preseiteh `y ge jlr every mspeots lj gy prlfrmg, wadd `e gy lwi, mih wkere A kmve gmhe use lj miltker‑s wlrc, A  wadd mttra`ute tke sluroe ai tke olrreot wmy.

5. A mocilwdehfe tkmt tke mttmokgeit lj tkas hlougeit safieh lr ilt, olistatutes m `aihaif mfreegeit `etweei gysedj mih Ehexoed UC.

:. A uiherstmih tkmt gy mssafigeit wadd ilt `e olisahereh ms su`gatteh aj tkas hlougeit as ilt mttmokeh tl tke mttmokeh.

Xmsc =

M pmdaihrlge as m pkrmse tkmt remhs tke smge jlrwmrhs ms at hles `mocwmrhs. Jlr exmgpde, —HMH‗,‗ GLG‗,‗ gmhmg‗ mre exmgpdes jlr pmdaihrlge .

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

=.=. Vrate m prlfrmg tkmt jafures lut wketker tke favei straif as m pmdaihrlge. Use suatm`de _traif lpermtalis tl mvlah wkate spmoes mih puiotumtali (DL?.0) (H?.8) Jlr exmgpde> "Iever m jllt tll jmr, evei." eve i." as m pmdaihrlge. "Xlp step -- _mrm's pet splt." as m pmdaihrlge. =.0.  Ore Oremte mte mi Exmgpde Exmgpde _tmoc _tmoc odmss odmss jlr tkas prl`deg prl`deg.. Use Mrrmy Mrrmy Dast lr mi mrrmy tl agpdegeit tke _tmoc, use suatm`de stmoc lpermtalis. (DL 0.=) =.?. Aheitajy mih agpdegeit lpplrtuiataes jlr errlr kmihdaif mih replrtaif. (DL 0.0) =.8. Rrepmre m user gmiumd jlr tke hevedlpeh hevedlp eh sldutali tl mssast tke users tl wlrc watk at. (G ?.=)

Xmsc 0 ‛Pemh-Vatk- Us‑ Da`rmry _ystegs prlvahes `llc reservmtali jmoadataes tl tkear geg`ers. Xke reservmtali

systeg uses m wmataif dast lr `llc lr ltker remhaif gmteramd mddlomtali. Moolrhaif tl tke da`rmry rudes mih refudmtalis, wkei plssa`de gmtok `etweei reservmtali mih tke `llc as jluih tke geg`er as olitmoteh vam egmad lr _G_ mih aijlrgeh. Aj geg`er as ilt resplihaif watkai tke favei tage peralh, ske lr ske as pdmoes `moc lj tke wmataif dast mih gust wmat mfmai. Ve wadd sagudmte tkas prloess usaif m queue, mih sagpdajy tke rudes. Ve wadd afilre tke remdastao olistrmaits lj tke geg`ers, mih sagpdy kmve emok geg`er stlre m rejereioe iug`er jlr tke `llc (m rmihlg iug`er). Ve wadd mdsl mssuge tkmt emok `llc, lioe mooepteh, wadd `e looupaeh jrlg m geg`er AH. Aisert `llc hetmads tkrlufk tke cey`lmrh. Emok `llc skludh kmve Pejereioe iug`er (m rmihlg iug`er ex> 0550) Xke `llc Mssafigeit prloess skludh reglve m geg`er jrlg tke queue aj tke geg`er —mooepts‗ tke reservmtali. Aj tke geg`er mooepts tkei hedete tke geg`er ilhe. Aj tke geg`er reneots tke reservmtali hedete tke geg`er, aisert kag tl tke `moc lj tke queue mih olgpmre iext geg`er mih repemt. Xkas prloess repemts uitad mdd geg`ers jaih tkear `llc 0.=.  Vrate ylur lwi agpdegeitmtali lj tke queue `y usaif m daiceh dast jlr tkas prl`deg watk mdd tke queue lpermtalis. (DL =.=) 0.0. Xest tke m`lve mppdaomtali watk m suatm`de test omses (DL 0.?)

Xmsc ?

?.=  Agpdegeit Daiemr/@aimry semrok usaif reoursave mdflratkg mih ili-reoursave mdflratkg, mih olgpmre olgpmre tke perjlrgmioe. (DL =.?)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit ?.0. _lrt tke mrrmy favei `edlw watk twl hajjereit mdflratkgs mih olgpmre tke perjlrgmioe. {=0, ?5, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11} 11} (DL =.0) ?.?.  Expdmai olggli straif lpermtalis suok ms oliomteimtali, su`straif, eto., mdsl stmte tkear prmotaomd mppdaomtalis `y favaif suatm`de exmgpdes. (DL ?.=) (G=.?)

MOCILVDEHFEGEIX

A wludh dace tl ljjer gy speoamd frmtatuhe tl lur Deoturer, Gass. Xkmrucm _mihmgaia wkl fmve ge suffestalis mih eiolurmfegeit ms wedd ms kedpeh ge ai wrataif gy prlneot.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkei, A wludh dace tl mppreoamte mdd tklse wkl fmve ge tke fremt lpplrtuiaty tl gmce tkas mssafigeit li tke tlpao Hmtm _truotures & Mdflratkgs. Jurtker, A gust express gy heepest mppreoamtali tl tke Gr.Hmgatk Rmtkarmim, tke kemh lj  Esljt Getrl Omgpus wkl fmve judd ejjlrt ai fuahaif tl olgpdete tkas prlneot. A gust remddy regeg`er lur deoturer Gass.Xkmracm Mgmda, wkl fmve ge fuahmioe tl olgpdete tkas prlneot. Mt dmst, A wludh dace tl tkmic mdd tke stmjj lj Esljt Getrl Omgpus wkl prlvaheh mdd tke jmoadataes tl olgpdete tkas prlneot. A wludh mdsl dace tl tkmic gy pmreits mih gy jraeihs wkl kedpeh tl jaimdaze tkas prlneot.

Oliteits

MOCILVDEHFEGEIX.........................................................................................................v DA_X LJ JAFUPE_.................................. JAFUPE_........................................................ ............................................ ........................................................ ..................................vaaa vaaa

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

DA_X LJ XM@DE_.................................. XM@DE_........................................................ ............................................ ............................................. ..................................... ..............xaa xaa Aitrlhuotali...................................... Aitrlhuotali................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...........................................= .....................= Hmtm _truotures........................................ _truotures............................................................... ............................................. .............................................. ............................... .......= = Mdflratkgs....................................... Mdflratkgs................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................................= ..................= Xmsc =..................................... =........................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................................0 ..................................0 M pmdaihrlge as m pkrmse tkmt remhs tke smge jlrwmrhs ms at hles `mocwmrhs. Jlr exmgpde, —HMH‗,‗ GLG‗,‗ gmhmg‗ mre exmgpdes jlr pmdaihrlge........................................................0 pmdaihrlge........................................................0 =.=. Vrate m prlfrmg tkmt jafures lut wketker tke favei straif as m pmdaihrlge. Use suatm`de _traif lpermtalis tl mvlah wkate spmoes mih puiotumtali (DL?.0) (H?.8).................................0 =.0. Oremte mi Exmgpde Exmgpde _tmoc odmss jlr tkas prl`deg. prl`deg. Use Mrrmy Dast lr mi mrrmy tl agpdegeit tke _tmoc, use suatm`de stmoc lpermtalis. (DL 0.=).....................................................................: _tmoc Hmtm _truoture........................................... _truoture................................................................. .................................................................... ..............................................: : _tmoc Lpermtalis....................................... Lpermtalis............................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...............................6 .........6 =.?. Aheitajy mih agpdegeit lpplrtuiataes jlr errlr kmihdaif mih replrtaif. (DL 0.0)...........=1 Errlr Kmihdaif................................... Kmihdaif......................................................... ............................................ .............................................................=1 .......................................=1 Agplrtmioe lj Errlr Kmihdaif mih m ih Peplrtaif............................................. Peplrtaif.......................................................................=1 ..........................=1 Getklhs lj Errlr Kmihdaif................................ Kmihdaif...................................................... ............................................ .............................................=1 .......................=1 Exoeptalis Kmihdaif.................................. Kmihdaif........................................................ ....................................................................... ................................................. 02 =.8. Rrepmre m user gmiumd jlr tke hevedlpeh sldutali tl mssast tke users tl wlrc watk at. (G ?.=)................................... ?.=)............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .................................................... ...................................... ........06 06 Oliteits........................................ Oliteits.................. ............................................ ............................................ ..................................................................0; ............................................0; Aitrlhuotali.......................................................................................................................0; Hesora`aif tke _ysteg........................................... _ysteg................................................................. ............................................ ......................................0; ................0; Aistruotalis jlr User.......................................... User................................................................ ............................................ .......................................... ....................0; 0; Oliodusali................................... Oliodusali............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..........................................?5 ....................?5 Xmsc 0..................................... 0........................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................................................?6 ................................?6 0.= Vrate ylur lwi agpdegeitmtali lj tke queue `y usaif m daiceh dast jlr tkas prl`deg watk mdd tke queue lpermtalis. (DL =.=).............................. =.=).................................................... ............................................ ........................................?6 ..................?6

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

]ueue Hmtm _truoture......................................... _truoture............................................................... ............................................ .............................................?6 .......................?6 ]ueue Lpermtalis......................................... Lpermtalis............................................................... ............................................ ............................................. .........................?6 ..?6 Daic Dast Hmtm _truoture........................................... _truoture................................................................. .................................................... ...................................... ........8= 8= _aifdy Daic Dast.......................................... Dast................................................................ ............................................ .................................................8= ...........................8= Hlu`dy Daic Dast............................................ Dast.................................................................. ................................................................... .............................................85 85 Agpdegeitmtali lj —Pemh watk Us‗ Da`rmry _ysteg....................................... _ysteg.............................................................5= ......................5= Dlfai................................... Dlfai............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................5= .......5= Geiu...................................... Geiu................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ................................................58 ..........................58 Peservmtali......................................... Peservmtali................... ............................................ ............................................ .........................................................56 ...................................56 _emrok............................................ _emrok...................... ............................................ ............................................ .............................................................. ........................................:2 :2 0.0 Xest tke m`lve mppdaomtali watk m suatm`de test omses (DL 0.?)..........................................62 Oliteit lj tke Xest Rdmi.......................................... Rdmi................................................................ ............................................ ........................................6= ..................6= Aitrlhuotali.......................................................................................................................6= Rurplse lj _ysteg Xestaif................................... Xestaif......................................................... .............................................................6? .......................................6? _olpe........................................ _olpe.................. ............................................ ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................68 68 Xest L`neotaves.......................................... L`neotaves................................................................ ............................................ .................................................. ............................68 68 Xest Omse Xegpdmte..................................... Xegpdmte........................................................... ............................................ .................................... .......................... ............68 68 Xestaif Rrloehure....................................... Rrloehure............................................................. ............................................ .................................................65 ...........................65 Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Zmdah Oreheitamds...................................................... Oreheitamds..................................................................... ................6: .6: Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Aivmdah Oreheitamds............................................ Oreheitamds....................................................................66 ........................66 Xest Omse jlr Geiu............................................... Geiu..................................................................... .................................................. ...................................... ..........6; 6; Xest Omse jlr Dlmh Mdd Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi Dast...........................................61 Xest Omse jlr Peservmtali........................................ Peservmtali.............................................................. ............................................ ....................................;= ..............;= Xest Omse jlr _emrok.......................................... _emrok................................................................ ............................................ ..........................................;0 ....................;0 Xest Omse jlr Exat...................................... Exat............................................................ ............................................ .................................................. ............................;: ;: Oliodusali................................... Oliodusali............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..........................................;6 ....................;6 Xmsc ?..................................... ?........................................................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................................................;; ................................;;

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

?.= Agpdegeit Daiemr/@aimry semrok usaif reoursave mdflratkg mih ili-reoursave mdflratkg, mih olgpmre tke tke perjlrgmioe. (DL =.?)........................... =.?)................................................. ...................................................... ................................;; ;; Mdflratkg..................................... Mdflratkg............... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ .............................................;; .......................;; _emrok Mdflratkgs................................... Mdflratkgs......................................................... ............................................ ................................................. .................................;; ......;; Daiemr _emrok........................................... _emrok................................................................. ............................................ ....................................................;; ..............................;; @aimry _emrok....................................... _emrok............................................................. ............................................ ................................................. .................................12 ......12 Olgpmre tke Rerjlrgmioe lj Peoursave mih Ili-Peoursave Mdflratkgs............................1: ?.0. _lrt tke mrrmy favei `edlw watk twl hajjereit mdflratkgs mih olgpmre tke perjlrgmioe. {=0, ?5, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11} 11} (DL =.0)..................................... =.0)........................................................... ...............................................16 .........................16 _lrtaif Mdflratkgs.................................... Mdflratkgs........................................................... ............................................. ....................................... .............................. .............16 16 _lrtaif...................................... _lrtaif................ ............................................ ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................16 16 Hajjereit _lrtaif Mdflratkgs.................................... Mdflratkgs.......................................................... ............................................. .................................. ...........16 16 Olgpmre tke Rerjlrgmioe lj Aisertali _lrt mih @u``de _lrt Mdflratkgs......................=2; ?.?. Expdmai olggli straif lpermtalis suok ms oliomteimtali, su`straif, eto., mdsl stmte tkear  prmotaomd mppdaomtalis `y favaif suatm`de exmgpdes. (DL ?.=) (G=.?)........................ (G=.?)....................................=21 ............=21 _traif......................................... _traif................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..............................................=21 ........................=21 _traif Lpermtalis...................................... Lpermtalis............................................................ ............................................ .................................................... ..............................==2 ==2 Oliomteimtali..................................... Oliomteimtali............... ............................................ ............................................ .......................................................==2 .................................==2 Exmgpdes lj Oliomteimtali.................................... Oliomteimtali.......................................................... ............................................ ................................... .............==2 ==2 Deiftk.................................... Deiftk.............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..............................................==5 ........................==5 Exmgpdes lj Deiftk.................................. Deiftk........................................................ ............................................ .................................................==5 ...........................==5 _u`straif................................... _u`straif............. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...........................................==; .....................==; Exmgpdes lj _u`straif..................................... _u`straif........................................................... ............................................ ..........................................==; ....................==; Xrag........................................ Xrag.................. ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................................... .......................=0= ..=0= Exmgpdes lj Xrag....................................... Xrag............................................................. ............................................ ............................................... .........................=00 =00 OlgpmreXl.................................. OlgpmreXl............ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ........................................ ..................=08 =08 Exmgpdes lj OlgpmreXl................................... OlgpmreXl......................................................... ............................................ ........................................=08 ..................=08 OLIODU_ALI............................. OLIODU_ALI....... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................. .......................=0: =0:

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

PEJEPEIOE_......................... PEJEPEIOE_... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................=0; ......=0; MRREIHA[................................ MRREIHA[.......... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ................................................=?? ..........................=??

DA_X LJ JAFUPE_

Jafure = - Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali.................................... Mppdaomtali.......................................................... ............................................. ...................................0 ............0 Jafure 0 - Okeocaif _traif usaif Rmdaihrlge..................................... Rmdaihrlge........................................................... .......................................? .................? Jafure ? - Okeocaif _traif Usaif Rmdaihrlge......................................................... Rmdaihrlge...........................................................................8 ..................8 Jafure 8 - _luroe Olhe lj Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali.............................................. Mppdaomtali...................................................................8 .....................8 Jafure 5 - Olhe jlr Peverse m _traif.........................................................................................5

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure : - Olhe jlr Errlr Kmihdaif.................................... Kmihdaif.......................................................... ............................................ ..................................5 ............5 Jafure 6 - Olhe jlr Odemr Aiputs....................................... Aiputs............................................................. ......................................................... ...................................5 5 Jafure ; - Olhe jlr Exat jrlg tke _ysteg....................................... _ysteg............................................................. ...........................................5 .....................5 Jafure 1 - _tmoc Hmtm _truoture............................................................. _truoture.................................................................................... ..................................... ..............: : Jafure =2 - Rusk Lpermtali........................................ Lpermtali.............................................................. ................................................................ ..........................................6 6 Jafure == - Olhe lj Rusk................................................. Rusk....................................................................... ................................................. .................................... .........; ; Jafure =0 - Rlp Lpermtali.................................. Lpermtali........................................................ ............................................ ..................................................1 ............................1 Jafure =? - _tmoc Odmss watk _tmoc Lpermtalis.................................. Lpermtalis........................................................ ......................................== ................== Jafure =8 - Gmcaif L`neots.............................................. L`neots.................................................................... ................................................. .................................=0 ......=0 Jafure =5 - Rusk Lpermtali........................................ Lpermtali.............................................................. .............................................................. ........................................=? =? Jafure =: - Rlp Lpermtali.................................. Lpermtali........................................................ ............................................ ................................................=8 ..........................=8 Jafure =6 - AsEgpty Lpermtali............................................ Lpermtali.................................................................. ....................................... .............................. .............=5 =5 Jafure =; - _traif as m Rmdaihrlge.............................................. Rmdaihrlge........................................................................................... .............................................=: =: Jafure =1 - _traif as Ilt m Rmdaihrlge.................................................. Rmdaihrlge............................................................................... ..................................=6 .....=6 Jafure 02 - Aiput as m Rmdaihrlge...................................... Rmdaihrlge............................................................ ............................................. .................................=; ..........=; Jafure 0= - Mratkgetao Expressali Exmgpde...................................................... Exmgpde............................................................................0= ......................0= Jafure 00 - MrrmyAihexLut@luih Exoeptali.................... Exoeptali.......................................... ............................................. .................................0= ..........0= Jafure 0? - JadeIltJluihExoeptali....................................... JadeIltJluihExoeptali............................................................. ...................................... ........................... ...........00 00 Jafure 08 - IuddRlaiterExoeptali............................... IuddRlaiterExoeptali..................................................... .............................................................00 .......................................00 Jafure 05 - Xry Omtok........................................ Omtok.............................................................. ............................................ .................................................08 ...........................08 Jafure 0: - Xke Xkrlws....................................... Xkrlws............................................................. ............................................ ............................................ .........................05 ...05 Jafure 06 - Xkrlws.................................. Xkrlws........................................................ ............................................ ............................................ .....................................05 ...............05 Jafure 0; ‟ Xkrlws.................................. Xkrlws........................................................ ............................................ ..........................................................0: ....................................0: Jafure 01 - Kmihdaif IuddRlaiterExoeptali.................................... IuddRlaiterExoeptali............................................................................ ........................................0: 0: Jafure ?2 - Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali........................................................ Mppdaomtali............................................................................... .................................01 ..........01 Jafure ?= - Eiter _traif ai tke Rmdaihrlge.................................................. Rmdaihrlge.............................................................................. ............................?2 ?2 Jafure ?0 - _traif as m Rmdaihrlge.............................................. Rmdaihrlge........................................................................................... .............................................?= ?= Jafure ?? - _traif as ilt m Rmdaihrlge................................................ Rmdaihrlge..................................................................................... .....................................?0 ?0 Jafure ?8 - Eiter Iugerao _traif.......................................... _traif................................................................ ............................................ .............................?? .......?? Jafure ?5 - Exoeptali Kmihdaif................................................. Kmihdaif....................................................................... ..............................................?8 ........................?8 Jafure ?: - Exat...................................... Exat............................................................ ............................................ ......................................................... ......................................?5 ...?5 Jafure ?6 ‟ ]ueue..................................... ]ueue........................................................... ............................................ .........................................................?6 ...................................?6 Jafure ?; - Eiqueue mih Hequeue Lpermtali...................................................... Lpermtali.......................................................................... ....................?1 ?1 Jafure ?1 - Daic Dast.......................................... Dast................................................................ ............................................ .......................................... ..........................8= ......8=

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 82 - _aifdy Daic Dast.......................................... Dast................................................................ ............................................ .....................................8= ...............8= Jafure 8= - Xrmversaif..................................... Xrmversaif........................................................... ............................................ ............................................ .............................80 .......80 Jafure 80 Aisert m Ilhe mt tke _tmrt lj tke Dast........................................................ Dast....................................................................... ................8? .8? Jafure 8? - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Gahhde Rlsatali lj tke Dast....................................................8? Dast....................................................8? Jafure 88 - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Eih lj tke Dast.................................. Dast........................................................ .....................................88 ...............88 Jafure 85 - Hedete m Ilhe jrlg m Dast.....................................................................................88 Jafure 8: - Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast.............................................. Dast............................................................................................... ................................................. 85 Jafure 86 - Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast Ilhe...................................... Ilhe............................................................ ................................................85 ..........................85 Jafure 8; - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Jrlit..................................... Jrlit........................................................... .................................................8: ...........................8: Jafure 81 - Aisert m Ilhe mjter Favei Ilhe............................................ Ilhe................................................................... .................................86 ..........86 Jafure 52 - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Eih..................................... Eih........................................................... ............................................... .............................81 ....81 Jafure 5= - Hedetali ai Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast............................................. Dast................................................................... ................................52 ..........52 Jafure 50 - Olhe lj Hedetali lj m Ilhe....................................... Ilhe............................................................. ............................................52 ......................52 Jafure 5? ‟ Dlfai................................ Dlfai...................................................... ............................................ ............................................ .........................................5= ...................5= Jafure 58 - Olhe lj Dlfai.................................. Dlfai........................................................ ............................................ ................................................50 ..........................50 Jafure 55 - Gmai Getklh.................................... Getklh.......................................................... ............................................ ............................................... .........................50 50 Jafure 5: - Aivmdah Dlfai................................. Dlfai....................................................... ............................................ .................................................. ............................5? 5? Jafure 56 - _uooessjud Dlfai............................................ Dlfai.................................................................. ................................................. .................................58 ......58 Jafure 5; ‟ Geiu..................................... Geiu........................................................... ............................................ ..........................................................58 ....................................58 Jafure 51 - Geiu Juiotalis.................................................... Juiotalis.......................................................................... .................................................55 ...........................55 Jafure :2 - Olhe lj Geiu Aiterjmoe................................................. Aiterjmoe....................................................................... ........................................55 ..................55 Jafure := - GHA Jlrg Oremtali...................................................... Oremtali............................................................................ .........................................5: ...................5: Jafure :0 - Peserve @llc............................................ @llc.................................................................. .................................................... ...................................... ........56 56 Jafure :? - Olhe lj Peserve @llc................................. @llc....................................................... ............................................ ....................................5; ..............5; Jafure :8 - Olhe lj Peserve juiotali..................................... juiotali........................................................... .................................................51 ...........................51 Jafure :5 - Olhe lj L`neot Oremtali........................................ Oremtali.............................................................. ................................................:2 ..........................:2 Jafure :: - _emrok Peservmtali........................................... Peservmtali................................................................. .....................................................:2 ...............................:2 Jafure :6 - _emrok juiotali....................................... juiotali............................................................. ............................................ .........................................:= ...................:= Jafure :; - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................:= ........................:= Jafure :1 - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................:0 ........................:0 Jafure 62 - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................:? ........................:? Jafure 6= - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................:? ........................:? Jafure 60 - _emrok getklh...................................... getklh............................................................ ............................................ ........................................ .....................:8 ...:8 Jafure 6? - Olhe lj _emrok Juiotali..................................... Juiotali........................................................... .................................................. ............................:5 :5

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 68 - Olhe lj ]ueue Odmss..................... Odms s........................................... ............................................ .................................................. ............................:: :: Jafure 65 - Olhe lj Hequeue Getklh....................................... Getklh............................................................. ............................................ .........................:6 ...:6 Jafure 6: - Olhe lj _emrok mih Fet Geg`er Hetmads............................................... Hetmads.............................................................. ...............:; :; Jafure 66 - Olhe lj ]ueueIlhe Odmss........................................... Odmss............................................................................. .........................................:1 .......:1 Jafure 6; - Dlfai Aiterjmoe......................... Aiterj moe............................................... ............................................ ...................................................... .................................6: .6: Jafure 61 - Aivmdah Dlfai................................ Dlfai...................................................... ............................................ .................................................. ............................66 66 Jafure ;2 ‟ Geiu..................................... Geiu........................................................... ............................................ ..........................................................6; ....................................6; Jafure ;= - Peserve @llc............................................ @llc.................................................................. .................................................... ...................................... ........61 61 Jafure ;0 - Dlmh Pejereioe Il ai tke Olg`l @lx.......................... @lx................................................................. .......................................;2 ;2 Jafure ;? - Peserve @llc............................................ @llc.................................................................. .................................................... ...................................... ........;= ;= Jafure ;8 - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................;? ........................;? Jafure ;5 - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................;? ........................;? Jafure ;: - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................;8 ........................;8 Jafure ;6 - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................;5 ........................;5 Jafure ;; - _emrok Juiotali....................................................... Juiotali............................................................................. ..............................................;: ........................;: Jafure ;1 - Daiemr _emrok....................................... _emrok............................................................. ............................................ ............................................;1 ......................;1 Jafure 12 - Daiemr _emrok....................................... _emrok............................................................. ............................................ ............................................;1 ......................;1 Jafure 1= - Daiemr _emrok....................................... _emrok............................................................. ............................................ ............................................;1 ......................;1 Jafure 10 - Daiemr _emrok....................................... _emrok............................................................. ............................................ ............................................12 ......................12 Jafure 1? - Rseuhl Olhe jlr @aimry _emrok........................................................ _emrok.............................................................................10 .....................10 Jafure 18 - @aimry _emrok usaif Peoursave Mdflratkgs..........................................................18 Jafure 15 - @aimry _emrok usaif Peoursave Mdflratkgs..........................................................15 Jafure 1: - Rrloess lj Aisertali _lrt......................................... _lrt............................................................... ............................................ .........................1; ...1; Jafure 16 ‟ Pepreseitmtali lj _edeotali _lrt........................................................................=20 Jafure 1; - _edeotali _lrt................................................ _lrt...................................................................... .......................................... ................................ ............=2? =2? Jafure 11 - Pepreseit lj ]uaoc _lrt............................................ _lrt...................................................................................... ..........................................=28 =28 Jafure =22 - Rseuhl Olhe jlr ]uaoc _lrt............................................. _lrt..............................................................................=25 .................................=25 Jafure =2= - Agpdegeitmtali lj Aisertali _lrt Mdflratkg.....................................................=2: Mdflratkg.....................................................=2: Jafure =20 - Agpdegeitmtali lj @u``de _lrt Mdflratkg.......................................................=26 Jafure =2? - _yitmx lj _traif as mi Mrrmy Okmrmoters.................... Okmrmoters .......................................... ........................................==2 ..................==2 Jafure =28 - Exmgpde jlr _traif Oliomteimtali......................................... Oliomteimtali............................................................... ...........................=== .....=== Jafure =25 - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali........................................ Oliomteimtali.............................................................. ..............................==0 ........==0 Jafure =2: - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali........................................ Oliomteimtali.............................................................. ..............................==0 ........==0 Jafure =26 - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali........................................ Oliomteimtali.............................................................. ..............................==? ........==?

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =2; - Aiterjmoe lj Oliomteimtali.......................................... Oliomteimtali............................................................................ ......................................==8 ....==8 Jafure =21 - Olhe lj Oliomteimtali...................................... Oliomteimtali............................................................ ............................................... ..........................==8 .==8 Jafure ==2 - Exmgpde lj _traif Deiftk................................... Deiftk................................................................................. ..............................................==5 ==5 Jafure === - Exmgpde lj _traif Deiftk................................... Deiftk................................................................................. ..............................................==: ==: Jafure ==0 - Aiterjmoe jlr _traif Deiftk............................................ Deiftk................................................................................==6 ....................................==6 Jafure ==? - Olhe lj _traif Deiftk................................... Deiftk......................................................... .................................................... ..............................==6 ==6 Jafure ==8 - Exmgpde lj _u`straif.................................... _u`straif.......................................................... .................................................... ..............................==; ==; Jafure ==5 - Exmgpde lj _u`straif.................................... _u`straif.......................................................... .................................................... ..............................==1 ==1 Jafure ==: - Aiterjmoe lj _u`straif.................................... _u`straif.......................................................... .................................................... ..............................=02 =02 Jafure ==6 - Olhe lj _u`straif.................................................. _u`straif........................................................................ ............................................=02 ......................=02 Jafure ==; - Pepreseit lj Xrag............................................................ Xrag.................................................................................. ..................................=0= ............=0= Jafure ==1 - Exmgpde lj Xrag........................................................... Xrag...................................................................................... .................................... .........=00 =00 Jafure =02 - Exmgpde lj Xrag........................................................... Xrag...................................................................................... .................................... .........=00 =00 Jafure =0= - Aiterjmoe lj Xrag...................... Xrag............................................. ......................................................................... .................................................. =0? Jafure =00 - Olhe lj Xrag......................................... Xrag............................................................... ............................................................ ......................................=0? =0? Jafure =0? - Exmgpde lj OlgpmreXl........................... OlgpmreXl................................................. .................................................... ...................................=08 .....=08 Jafure =08 - Exmgpde lj OlgpmreXl........................... OlgpmreXl................................................. .................................................... ...................................=05 .....=05 Jafure =05 - Fmitt okmrt.............................................. okmrt.................................................................... ...........................................................=?? .....................................=??

DA_X LJ XM@DE_

Xm`de = - Xest Omse Xegpdmte.......................................... Xegpdmte................................................................ ............................................ ...................................68 .............68 Xm`de 0 - Xestaif Rrloehure........................................ Rrloehure.............................................................. .............................................................65 .......................................65 Xm`de ? ‟ Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Zmdah Oreheitamds....................................................... Oreheitamds.............................................................6: ......6: Xm`de 8 - Xest Omse jlr Aivmdah Dlfai................................ Dlfai...................................................... ...................................................... ................................66 66 Xm`de 5 - Xest Omse jlr Geiu..................................... Geiu........................................................... ............................................ ........................................6; ..................6; Xm`de : - Dlmh Mdd Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi Dast............................................ Dast.........................................................61 .............61 Xm`de 6 - Xest Omse jlr Peservmtali.................................................... Peservmtali.......................................................................... ..................................... ...............;= ;= Xm`de ; - Xest Omse jlr _emrok................................ _emrok...................................................... ............................................ ...................................... .....................;0 .....;0

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xm`de 1 - Xest Omse jlr Exat..................................................... Exat........................................................................... .................................... .......................... ............;: ;:

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xmsc 2=

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Aitrlhuotali

Olgputers stlre, retraeve mih prloess dmrfe mgluit lj hmtm. Xke hmtm omi `e retraeveh very quaocdy jlr prloessaif tkmt jurtker heoremses tke jemture mih tke user as suppdaeh jmst resplise aj tke hmtm as stlreh ai wedd-lrfmiazeh wmy li stlrmfe geham mih ai olgputer‑s geglry. Hmtm _truotures

M speoajao wmy lj lrfmiazaif hmtm ai m olgputer ms at omi `e useh ejjaoaeitdy as cilwi ms Hmtm _truoture. At as m`lut exeoutali hmtm edegeits moolrhaif tl slge redmtaliskap jlr `etter 

lrfmiazmtali mih stlrmfe. (Hevedlperaisaher, 02=;) Xkas hmtm struotures omi `e seei ms m dlfaomd olioept tkmt skludh fave sldutali jlr twl juihmgeitmd olioeris suok ms klw tke hmtm wadd `e stlreh mih wkmt lpermtalis wadd `e perjlrgeh li at. Xkas as getklh lj hmtm sokegm. Mih mdsl, at skludh `e aihepeiheit lj ats agpdegeitmtali. MHX (M`strmot Hmtm Xype) as juiotalimd juiot alimd hejaiatali hejaiatali lj m hmtm struoture tkmt as aihepeihei aihepeiheitt lj agpdegeitmtali. agpdegeitmtali. Exmgpdes Exmgpdes lj  severmd olggli hmtm struotures mre mrrmys, daiceh dasts, queues, stmocs, `aimry trees, mih kmsk tm`des. Xkere mre twl types lj hmtm struotures suok ms Rragatave Hmtm _truotures mih Ili pragatave Hmtm _truotures. Mdflratkgs

M dagateh set lj aistruotalis lr dlfao wrattei ai lrher tl moolgpdask m oertmai prehejaieh tmsc  as cilwi ms mi mdflratkg. At ilt m olgpdete prlfrmg lr olhe. Mdflratkg as nust tke olre sldutali (dlfao) lj m prl`deg tkmt omi `e expresseh `ltk ms mi aijlrgmd kafk deved expdmimtali ms pseuhl olhe lr usaif m jdlwokmrt. (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;) Olgglidy, tke mdflratkgs mre usejud jlr semrokaif jlr m speoajao hmtm ateg mih slrtaif tke hm hmtm. tm. Mih Mih mdsl mdsl,, at as m st step ep `y st step ep pr prlo loess ess lj sldv sldvai aif f pr prl` l`deg degs. s. Xke Xke md mdfl flra ratk tkgs gs mre agpdegeiteh ai jlrg lj getklhs lr juiotalis lr rlutaies. Xke perjlrgmioe lj tke mdflratkgs mre useh tl gemsure twl `msao prlpertaes suok ms, 

Xage Olgpdexaty



_pmoe Olgpdexaty

Xage Olgpdexaty as useh tl hejaie tke mgluit lj tage ieeh `y tke prlfrmg tl rui tadd ats olgpdetali. Ilrgmddy, at as m `etter prmotaoe tl try tl ceep tke tage requareh gaiagug. Xkerejlre, tke mdflratkg olgpdetes ats exeoutali ai tke gaiagug tage plssa`de. _pmoe Olgpdexaty as tke mgluit lj geglry spmoe ieeh `y tke mdflratkg ai tke sequeioe lj  ats exeoutali. Xkas omi `e tmcei jlr gudta-user systegs mih ai loomsalis wkere dagateh geglry as mvmadm`de.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Xmsc = M pmdaihrlge as m pkrmse tkmt remhs tke smge jlrwmrhs ms at hles `mocwmrhs. Jlr exmgpde, —HMH‗,‗ GLG‗,‗ gmhmg‗ mre exmgpdes jlr pmdaihrlge. =.=. Vrate m prlfrmg tkmt jafures lut wketker tke favei straif as m pmdaihrlge. Use suatm`de _traif lpermtalis tl mvlah wkate spmoes mih puiotumtali (DL?.0) (H?.8)

Xke mutklr kms agpdegeiteh m Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali tl okeoc wketker tke miy straif as m  pmdaihrlge lr ilt. Xke mutklr kms useh Iet`emis AHE tl agpdegeit tkas mppdaomtali. Mih mdsl, Nmvm Rrlfrmggaif Rrlfrmggaif Dmifumfe as useh tl agpdegeit agpdegeit tkas mppdaomtali mppdaomtali.. At omi aheitajy aheitajy miy strai straif f as m pm pmda daih ihrl rlge ge lr il iltt `y us usai aif f tk tkas as mp mppd pdaom aomta tali li.. @edl @edlw w sklw sklw tk tkee pm pmda daih ihrl rlge ge mppdaomtali.

Jafure = - Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Vkei eiteraif m straif, at sklws tkmt straif as m pmdaihrlge lr ilt ms ai tke `edlw. @edlw jafure sklws tke eiteraif straif as m pmdaihrlge.

Jafure 0 - Okeocaif _traif usaif Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@edlw sklws tke eiteraif straif as ilt m pmdaihrlge.

Jafure ? - Okeocaif _traif Usaif Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xke sluroe olhe redmteh tl tkmt mppdaomtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. At sklws tke olhe tkmt as wrattei jlr tke OKEOC `uttli.

Jafure 8 - _luroe Olhe lj Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai tkas mppdaomtali, mppdaomtali, wkei eiteraif m straif mih press OKEOC `uttli `uttli,, at sklws tke reverse lj  tkmt straif. Ai tke `edlw olhe sklws tke olhe daies lj tkmt gmces tke reverse lj straif.

Jafure 5 - Olhe jlr Peverse m _traif (Mutklr, 02=;) Ai kere, tke mutklr kms gmhe tke exoeptali kmihdaif ai tkas mppdaomtali. Xke mutklr kms mvlah tke IuddRlaiterExoeptali `y usaif tkas olhe daies.

Jafure : - Olhe jlr Errlr Kmihdaif (Mutklr, 02=;) @edlw sklws tke olhe lj ODEMP `uttli. Xkas olhe as useh tl odemr aiputs ai tke text jaedhs.

Jafure 6 - Olhe jlr Odemr Aiputs (Mutklr, 02=;) @edlw sklws tke olhe daies tkmt as useh tl agpdegeit tke exat lj tke mppdaomtali.

Jafure ; - Olhe jlr Exat jrlg tke _ysteg (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit =.0. Oremte Oremte mi Exmgpde _tmoc _tmoc odmss jlr tkas prl` prl`deg. deg. Use Mrrmy Mrrmy Dast lr mi mrrmy mrrmy tl agpdegeit tke _tmoc, use suatm`de stmoc lpermtalis. (DL 0.=) _tmoc Hmtm _truoture

_tmoc as sagpde hmtm struoture. At as mi m`strmot hmtm type watk m prehejaieh saze. _tmoc omi mhhaif mih reglvaif edegeits ai m oertmai lrher. Vkei mi edegeit as mhheh tl m stmoc, every tage at fles li tke tlp lj tke stmoc mih wkei reglvaif mdsl, at kms tl reglve edegeit jlrg tke tlp. (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;) _tmoc as `ekmveh moolrhaif tl tke DAJL praioapde. At gemis, Dmst ai Jarst Lut. Xkere mre twl gmai juiotalis ai _tmoc hmtm struoture suok ms pusk juiotali mih plp juiotali. Rusk juiotali as useh tl mhh iew edegeit ai tl tke stmoc. Rlp as useh tl edagaimte mi edegeit jrlg tke stmoc. Edegeits omi `e mhheh mih edagaimteh jrlg tke stmoc  lidy mt tke tlp. Xkerejlre, m stmoc as m dagateh mooess hmtm struoture.

Jafure 1 - _tmoc Hmtm _truoture (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit _tmoc Lpermtalis

Gmaidy, tkere mre twl lpermtalis mddlweh ai tke stmoc hmtm struoture. =. Rusk Lpermtali Lpermtali ‟ Aisertaif Aisertaif mi edegeit edegeit ai tl tl tke tke stmoc  stmoc  0. Rlp Lpermtali Lpermtali ‟ Edagai Edagaimtaif mtaif mi edegeit edegeit jrlg tke stmoc  Rusk Lpermtali

Ruskaif Ruska if lr stlraif mi edegeit tl tke stmoc. M iew edegeit as mhheh mt tke tlp lj tke stmoc mt every tage. At ieehs tke ateg mih il returi vmdue wkei puskaif mi edegeit tl tke stmoc. Vkei aisertaif mi edegeit tl tke stmoc, at skludh `e aiserteh jrlg tke tlp lj tke stmoc. Xkere mre jave steps mre tmcei ai tl olisahermtali ai pusk lpermtali. =. _tep _tep 2= - Okeo Okeoc c wketke wketkerr tke stmoc stmoc as as judd judd lr ilt ilt 0. _tep 20 20 - Rrlhu Rrlhuoes oes mi errlr mih exat, exat, aj aj tke stmoc as as judd ?. _tep 2? - Aiorege Aioregeits its tlp tl tl plait plait iext egpty egpty spmoe, spmoe, aj tke stmoc stmoc as ilt judd judd 8. _tep 28 - Aisert Aisert mi edegeit edegeit tl tke stmoc stmoc dlomtali dlomtali wkere wkere tlp as plaitaif plaitaif 5. _t _tep ep 25 - Pet Petur uris is su suoo ooess ess (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Jafure =2 - Rusk Lpermtali (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Xke mdflratkg jlr Rusk lpermtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

(i as m gmxagug saze lj tke stmoc) @efai

Aj tlp 7 i - = tkei stmocjudd3  

Xlp 7 tlp + =3

 

_tmoc (tlp) 7 ateg3

Eih

Mi exmgpde olhe jlr tke pusk lpermtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

Jafure == - Olhe lj Rusk (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Rlp Lpermtali

Peglvaif lr edagaimtaif mi edegeit jrlg tke stmoc. Jarst edegeit as reglveh jrlg tke tlp lj  tke stmoc mt every tage. At ieehs il pmrmgeters mih returis tke ateg. Vkei reglvaif mi edegeit jrlg tke stmoc, tke stmoc as glhajaeh. Vkei reglvaif mi edegeit jrlg tke stmoc, at skludh `e reglveh jrlg tke tlp lj tke stmoc. M plp lpermtali omi `e olisaher ai jave steps suok ms, =. _tep _tep 2= ‟ Okeoc Okeoc wket wketker ker tke tke stmoc stmoc as as egpty egpty 0. _tep 20 20 ‟ Rrlhuoes Rrlhuoes mi errlr mih exat, exat, aj aj tke stmoc as as egpty egpty ?. _tep 2? ‟ Peglve Peglve mi edegeit edegeit mt wkaok wkaok tlp as plaita plaitaif, if, aj tke tke stmoc as ilt ilt egpty 8. _tep _tep 28 ‟ Pehuoe Pehuoess tke vmdue vmdue lj lj tlp tlp `y = 5. _t _tep ep 25 25 ‟ Petu Peturi riss _uooe _uooess ss (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =0 - Rlp Lpermtali (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Xke mdflratkg jlr Rlp lpermtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai

 

Aj tlp 7 -= tkei stmocegpty3

 

Ateg 7 stmoc (tlp)3

 

Xlp 7 tlp ‟ =3

Eih

Ltker tkmi tkese lpermtalis, slge juiotalimdataes mre mhheh tl stmoc. At ieeh tl okeoc tke stmtus lj stmoc ms wedd, tl use tke stmoc ejjaoaeitdy. Xkese juiotalimdataes mre, Reec () 



asJudd ()



asEgpty ()

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Reec ()

Ai kere, reglve tke tlp ateg jrlg tke stmoc `ut hles ilt reglve at. Lidy tke olpy lj tkmt edegeitt as reglveh. edegei reglveh. At ieehs il pmrmgeters. Xke stmoc as ilt glhajaeh ms at hles ilt gmce m okmife kere. Xke mdflratkg lj peec () juiotali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai prloehure peec   

Peturi stmoc StlpW3

Eih prloehure AsJudd ()

Ai tkas juiotali, at tests tl see wketker tke stmoc as judd. At ieehs il pmrmgeters mih returis m @lldemi vmdue (true lr jmdse). Xke mdflratkg as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai prloehure asJudd   Aj tlp equmds tl GM[_A^E3 Peturi true3   Edse Peturi jmdse3   Eihaj  Eih prloehure AsEgpty ()

Xkas okeocs tl see wketker tke stmoc as egpty. At ieehs il pmrmgeters mih returis m @lldemi vmdue. Xke mdflratkg as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai prloehure asEgpty   Aj tlp dess tkmi =3 Peturi true3   Edse Peturi jmdse3   Eihaj  Eih prloehure

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke mutklr kms useh _tmoc odmss mdsl tl oremte tkas pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali tkmt as useh tl okeoc tke straif as m pmdaihrlge lr ilt usaif tke _tmoc lpermtalis suok ms Rusk, Rlp, mih AsEgpty. Ai kere, tke mutklr kms jarst oremte m _tmoc odmss ms `edlw.

Jafure =? - _tmoc Odmss watk _tmoc Lpermtalis (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure =8 - Gmcaif L`neots (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkei, tkas stmoc odmss omdd ai tke `uttli lj tke pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali `y gmcaif l`neots ms sklwi ai tke jafure.

Xkei, stmoc lpermtalis suok ms Rusk, Rlp mih AsEgpty mre omddeh usaif l`neot imge.

Jafure =5 - Rusk Lpermtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =: - Rlp Lpermtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =6 - AsEgpty Lpermtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Klwever, pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali mre perjlrgeh usaif _tmoc odmss watk _tmoc lpermtalis.

Jafure =; - _traif as m Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 02 - Aiput as m Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit =.?. Aheitajy mih agpdegeit lpplrtuiataes jlr errlr kmihdaif mih replrtaif. (DL 0.0) Errlr Kmihdaif

Ai Errl Errlrr km kmih ihda daif if,, at geit geital alis is tl tk tkee ex expe peot otmta mtali li,, jaiha jaihaif if,, mi mih h resld resldva vaif if errlr errlrss lj   prlfrmggaif, mppdaomtali, mih olgguiaomtalis. _lge mppdaomtalis kmve preseiteh speoamdazeh prlfrmgs, at gemis errlr kmihders. At omi reolver tke errlr wkei tke errlr loour  watklut eihaif tke mppdaomtali lr frmoejuddy eih mi mjjeoteh mppdaomtali mih tkei smve tke errlr aijlrgmtali tl m dlf jade. (Xeoktmrfet, 02=;) Vkei hevedlpaif hevedlpaif systegs systegs mih sorapts, errlr kmihdaif kmihdaif as glstdy glstdy agplrtmit agplrtmit pmrt. Mpprlpramte Mpprlpramte errlr kmihdaif kmihdaif as glstdy glstdy esseitamd jlr tke sljtwmre systegs tl rehuoe tke iug`er iug`er lj errlrs ai tke olhe. Agplrtmioe lj Errlr Kmihdaif mih Peplrtaif

Errlr kmihdaif mih replrtaif as very agplrtmit tl eih users lj tke olhe. At gmces very emsaer  jlr tkeg tl use tke olhe olrreotdy. Mih mdsl, errlr kmihdaif gmces emsy tl gmaitmai tke olhe. Xkei, at wadd gmhe emsaer tl aisert aiput speoajaomtalis aitl tke olhe. Xkerejlre, tke users hli‑t kmve tl dllc up tke hesafi wkei tkey wrate mih dmter gmaitmai tke olhe. Xke prlfrmg wadd dacedy olitaiue tl juiotali mjter mi errlr, tke oustlgers omi dacedy olitaiue wlrcaif mih at omi suppdy m replrt lj moourmtedy klw tke `ufs kmppeieh. Xkerejlre, at omi jax tke errlrs. Aj tkey kmihde tkear errlrs. @ut, at hles ilt kmihde tke errlrs ai tke prlfrmg, tke prlfrmg gmy ormsk. Xkerejlre, errlr  kmihdaif as glstdy agplrtmit jlr prlfrmggaif. Getklhs lj Errlr Kmihdaif

Hue tl mdd tke m`lve tkaifs, tkere mre slge errlr kmihdaif getklh ai prlfrmggaif. _lge lj  tkeg mre, 

Exoeptalis Kmihdaif



He`uffaif

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Exoeptalis Kmihdaif Exoeptalis

Xke geokmiasgs tkmt useh tl replrtaif mih kmihdaif errlrs, suhhei lr exoeptalimd olihatalis tkmt omi loour huraif tke exeoutali lj mi l`neot‑s getklhs mre cilwi ms exoeptalis. Xke olhe tkmt hasolvers tke errlr lr olihatali —tkrlws‗ mi exoeptali, wkei suok m satumtali loours. Xke odaeit lj tke olhe tkmt tkrew tke exoeptali gmy —omtok‗ tke exoeptali mih kmihde at lr prlpmfmte tke exoeptali. Exoeptali suppdy m getklh tl okmife tke prlfrmg‑s exeoutali  pmtk jlr tages wkei uiexpeoteh `ekmvalur `ekmvalur loours. (Hooo, 02=;) Vkei m prlfrmg as ruiiaif, tke prloess lj resplihaif tl exoeptalis mre cilwi ms exoeptali kmihdaif. At gemis, tke errlrs tkmt loourreh ai tke rui tage lj tke prlfrmg as omddeh ms mi exoeptali. Mi exoeptali kmppeis, wkei mi uiexpeoteh aioaheit kmppeis tkmt requares speoamd  prloessaif. Vkei m user favaif arrefudmr aiput lr ilt favaif mi aiput, m systeg errlr `eaif get wkei tryaif tl remh lr wrate m jade. At gemis, tke systeg fets stuoc. Exoeptali kmihdaif traes tl kmihde kmihde tkese olihatali olihatalis. s. At tkmt loomsalis, loomsalis, at ieehs tl fave m olisaherm`de olisaherm`de resplise resplise tl tke user. Xkerejlre, tke prlfrmg hles ilt ormsk/stuoc. Xypes lj Exoeptalis

Xkere mre gmiy exoeptalis tkmt omi loourreh ai m prlfrmg. _lge lj tkeg mre, 

Mratkgetao Exoeptali



MrrmyAihexLutLj@luih Exoeptali



JadeIltJluih Exoeptali



 IuddRlaiter Exoeptali

(_tuhy, 02=;)

Mratkgetao Exoeptali

Xkas omi `e loourreh wkei mi exoeptalimd olihatali kms loourreh ai mi mratkgetao lpermtalis. @edlw sklws tke olhe lj kmihdaif lj mratkgetao exoeptali.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 0= - Mratkgetao Expressali Exmgpde (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

MrrmyAihexLutLj@luih Exoeptali

Xkas exoeptali omi loour tl sklw tkmt mi mrrmy kms `eei retraeveh watk mi addefmd aihex. Eatker  tke aihex as iefmtave lr fremter tkmi lr equmd tl tke saze lj tke mrrmy. @edlw jafure sklws prlfrmg lj kmihdaif Mrrmyaihexlutlj`luih Mrrmyaihexlutlj`luih exoeptali.

Jafure 00 - MrrmyAihexLut@luih Exoeptali (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit JadeIltJluih Exoeptali

Vkei m jade as ilt mooessa`de lr hles ilt lpei, tkas exoeptali omi `e loourreh.

Jafure 0? - JadeIltJluihExoeptali (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;) IuddRlaiter Exoeptali

Xkas exoeptali as loourreh wkei rejerraif tl tke geg`ers lj m iudd l`neot. Iudd gemis egpty. @edlw sklws m olhe jlr kmihdaif iuddplaiter exoeptali.

Jafure 08 - IuddRlaiterExoeptali (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

Getklh lj Kmihdaif Exoeptalis

Xkere mre slge getklhs useh tl kmihde exoeptalis ai prlfrmgs suok ms,

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit 

Xry-Omtok @dloc 



Xke tkrlws

Xry-Omtok @dloc 

Xke try-omtok `dloc as satumteh ai tke olhe tkmt oludh `e loourreh mi exoeptali. Xke olhe aisahee tke try-omtok `dloc aisah `dloc as heilteh tl ms prlteoteh prlteoteh olhe. Xke try-omtok try-omtok `dloc syitmx syitmx as sklwi ai tke `edlw. Xry {

Olhe

} Omtok (ExoeptaliImge e=) {

Omtok @dloc  } At as pdmoeh ai tke try `dloc tkmt tke olhe wkaok as prlie tl exoeptalis. Xke exoeptali tkmt as loourreh wkei mi exoeptali loours. Emok mih every try `dloc as olisasts lj eatker `y m omtok  `dloc lr jaimddy `dloc. Xke omtok aioduhes stmtaif tke type lj exoeptali tkmt as tryaif tl omtok. Xke omtok `dloc tkmt jlddlweh tke try as testeh aj mi exoeptali loours ai tke prlteoteh olhe. Xke exoeptalis as  pmsseh tl tke omtok o mtok `dloc guok ms mi mrfugeit as pmsseh aitl m getklh pmrmgeter, aj tke type lj exoeptali tkmt loourreh as dasteh ai m omtok `dloc.

Xke mutklr kms useh try-omtok `dlocs ai tkas mppdaomtali. Exmgpdes lj try-omtok `dloc useh ai tkas olhe as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke tkrlws At omi tkrlw mi exoeptali, eatker m iewdy prepmreh lie lr mi exoeptali tkmt nust omufkt `y

usaif tke tkrlws. Xkrlw as useh tl mppemd mi exoeptali odemrdy. _lge exmgpdes mre sklwi ai tke `edlw.

Jafure 0: - Xke Xkrlws (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 06 - Xkrlws (@efaiiers@llc, 02=;)

Jafure 0; ‟ Xkrlws (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Moolrhaif tl tkas pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali, tke mutklr kms kmihdeh IuddRlaiter Exoeptali. Xkas exoeptali as loourreh aj tke user odaocs tke OKEOC `uttli watklut eiteraif mi aiput. Xkmt as tke exoeptali tkmt omi loourreh ai tkas mppdaomtali. Xkerejlre, tke mutklr kms kmihdeh tkas exoeptali prlperdy. @edlw sklws tke sluroe olhe lj kmihdaif iuddplaiter exoeptali.

Jafure 01 - Kmihdaif IuddRlaiterExoeptali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit =.8. Rrepmre m user gmiumd jlr tke hevedlpeh sldutali tl mssast tke users tl wlrc watk at. (G ?.=)  

U_EP GMIUMD JLP XKE RMDAIHPLGE MRRDAOMXALI

  Rrepmreh @y> K.G.Ailcm _mihmgmda

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Oliteits

=. Aitr Aitrlh lhuo uota tal li 

Vkmt as m User Gmiumd



Rurplse lj User Gmiumd

0. Hesor Hesora` a`ai aif f tk tkee _yst _ysteg eg ?. Aistr Aistruo uota tali liss jjlr lr User  User  8. Oliodusali

Aitrlhuotali User Gmiumd

User Gmiumd as m hlougeit tkmt as wrattei tl kedp pelpde uiherstmih m sljtwmre mppdaomtali lr  AX systeg. Vkei wrataif m User Gmiumd, use sagpde dmifumfe watk sklrt seiteioes. Xkas sagpde wrataif styde kedps tke user uiherstmih tke mppdaomtali. @y usaif tkas hlougeit, tke userr omi fet odemr use odemr uiherst uiherstmih mihaif aif m`lut m`lut tke mppdao mppdaomta mtali. li. Xke User User Gmiumd Gmiumd aioduh aioduhes es mdd aijlrgmtali jlr tke user m`lut judd use lj tke mppdaomtali. At olitmais m hesoraptali lj tke systeg juiotalis mih step `y step prloehures jlr systeg mooess mih use. Rurplse lj tke User Gmiumd

Rurplse lj tke ompm`adataes User Gmiumd as tl prlvahe aijlrgmtali tl m user. Xkey wedd lrfmiazeh mih very emsy tl uiherstmih mih very sagpde tl uiherstmih. User Gmiumd as fave slgelie slgel ie aistruotalis aistruotalis li klw tl hl slgetkaif slgetkaif olrreotdy. olrreotdy. At prlvahes prlvahes mi lvervaew lvervaew hesora`aif tke `est prmotaoes, motavataes, aijlrgmtali m`lut systeg usaif. Hesora`aif tke _ysteg

Xkas as m Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali. Gmaidy tkas mppdaomtali as useh tl aheitajy wketker miy straif as pmdaihrlge lr ilt. Vkei eiteraif miy straif ms tke aiput, at sklw wketker tkmt straif as m pmdaihrlge lr ilt. Aistruotalis jlr User

@edlw at sklws tke odemr aistruotalis m`lut klw tl use tkas mppdaomtali. @y jlddlwaif tkese aistruotalis, tke user omi kmihde tke mppdaomtali wedd. At sklws tke aistruotalis very odemrdy. At omi uiherstmih `y everylie. Xke mutklr kms useh sagpde Eifdask tl fave tkese aistruotali tl uiherstmih tke user.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai tkas Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali, tke user omi see `edlw aiterjmoe mt jarst.

Jafure ?2 - Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkei, tke user kms tl eiter tke straif tkmt ieeh tl okeoc jlr pmdaihrlge ms ai tke `edlw.

Jafure ?= - Eiter _traif ai tke Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xkei tke user kms tl press OKEOC `uttli. Mjter tkmt tke user omi see wketker tkmt straif as m  pmdaihrlge lr ilt ms ai tke `edlw jafure. jafure. Mjter pressaif OKEOC `uttli, tkas sklws tke Peverse lj tke _traif ai tke jaedh. Mih mdsl, tke Pesudt as sklws ai tke jaedh ms ai tke `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ltker tkmi tke Pesudt sklwaif ai tke jaedh, tke mppdaomtali faves tke resudt jrlg tke gessmfe hamdlf `lx mdsl.

Jafure ?0 - _traif as m Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Aj tke user kms eitereh hajjereit straifs, ms ai tke `edlw tke mppdaomtali sklws tkmt straif as ilt m pmdaihrlge. Xke user omi see tkas gessmfe jrlg m gessmfe hamdlf `lx mdsl. Xke resudt as  prlveh wedd ms tkas gessmfe hamdlf `lx.

Jafure ?? - _traif as ilt m Rmdaihrlge (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Vkei tke user eiteraif m straif olisasts lj iug`ers, ms tke `edlw at sklws tke resudts.  Iug`ers mdsl jmdds uiher tke straifs.

Jafure ?8 - Eiter Iugerao _traif (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Aj tke user kms presseh OKEOC `uttli watklut eiteraif m straif, m gessmfe wadd mutlgmtaomddy olge ms ai tke `edlw `y aijlrgaif tke gessmfe —Rdemse Aisert _traif Zmdue‗.

Jafure ?5 - Exoeptali Kmihdaif (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Mjter jaiaskaif tke okeocaif jlr pmdaihrlges, tke user omi exat jrlg tke mppdaomtali. Xke user  omi exat jrlg tke mppdaomtali `y pressaif Exat `uttli ms sklwi ai tke `edlw.

Jafure ?: - Exat (Mutklr, 02=;)

Oliodusali

Ai tkas hlougeit, at omi fet tke odemr uiherstmihaif m`lut tke User Gmiumd. At odemrdy sklws klw tl wrate m user Gmiumd jlr usmfe lj users. User Gmiumd as very agplrtmit mih esseitamd hlougeit jlr users ms tkey omi fet odemr cilwdehfe m`lut tke mppdaomtali mih klw at wlrcs. Ai tke emrdaer, tke mutklr hles ilt kms guok eilufk cilwdehfe m`lut klw tl wrate m User  Gmiumd. Mt preseit tke mutklr kms `etter cilwdehfe m`lut tke User Gmiumd. User Gmiumd aioduhes mdd tke aistruotalis esseitamd jlr tke user m`lut use lj tke mppdaomtali. Ai kere, at kms geitalieh geita lieh m`lut klw perjlrg perjlrg tke Rmdaihrlge Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali Mppdaomtali.. Ai kere, at kms geitalieh emsady uiherstmihm`de steps. Klwever, tkas hlougeit as glstdy agplrtmit jlr tke users wkl use tkas Rmdaihrlge Mppdaomtali. Jaimddy, at omi olioduhe tkmt tke User Gmiumd as m very esseitamd tl

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

tke user tl fet tke ahem m`lut tke mppdaomtali. Xke User Gmiumd as hejaiatedy prepmreh jlr tke user mjter hevedlpaif mi mppdaomtali.

Xmsc 20

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xmsc 0 0.= Vrate ylur lwi agpdegeitmtali lj tke queue `y usaif m daiceh dast jlr tkas prl`deg watk mdd tke queue lpermtalis. (DL =.=) ]ueue Hmtm _truoture _truoture  

]ueue as m daiemr hmtm struoture lr m`strmot hmtm type. At as mdsl dace stmoc hmtm struoture. Xke jarst edegeit tkmt as aiserteh jrlg lie eih as cilwi ms Pemr lr Xmad. Xke ltker eih tkmt tke reglvm`de reglv m`de lj exastaif edegeit tmces pdmoe as cilwi cilwi ms Jrlit lr Kemh. Xkas hmtm struoture as  `ekmveh moolrhaif tl tke JAJL (Jarst ai Jarst Lut) praioapde. At gemis, wkei tke edegeit as aiserteh jarst, at wadd `e reglveh jarst. (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;) Xke queue hmtm struoture as mdsl mi lrhereh dast lj edegeits watk smge hmtm types. Iew edegeit as aiserteh ai tl tke remr lj tke queuee wkei aisertaif queu aisertaif iew edegeit ai tl m queue. queue. Xl reglve reglve mi edegeit edegeit jrlg tke queue, mdd tke edegeits `ejlre tke reglvaif edegeit skludh `e reglveh ai tke queue.

Jafure ?6 ‟ ]ueue (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;)

]ueue Lpermtalis

Vkei olisaheraif tke queues, tkere mre `msao queue lpermtalis omi `e aheitajaeh. =. Eiqueu Eiqueuee ‟ Aise Aisert rt mi mi ateg ateg tl tl tke tke queue queue

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

0. Hequeu Hequeuee ‟ Peglv Peglvee mi ateg ateg jrlg jrlg tke queu queuee Eiqueue Lpermtali

Vkei olisaheraif queues, tkere mre twl hmtm plaiters dace Jrlit mih Pemr. Hmtm as aiserteh ai tl tke remr lj tke queue ai tke Eiqueue lpermtali. Pemr gemis tke `moc lj tke queue. Xkere mre slge steps tl jlddlw wkei aisertaif hmtm ateg tl tke remr lj tke queue. =. _tep _tep 2= ‟ _ee _ee wketk wketker er tke tke queue queue as judd judd lr lr ilt 0. _tep 20 20 ‟ Rrlhuoe Rrlhuoe exoess exoess errlr errlr mih mih exat, exat, aj tke tke queue queue as as judd ?. _tep 2? ‟ Aioremse Aioremse remr plaiter plaiter tl plait plait tke tke iext egpty egpty spmoe, spmoe, aj tke queue queue as ilt ilt judd 8. _tep 28 ‟ Aisert Aisert hmtm tl tke queue queue dlomtal dlomtali i wkere tke tke remr as plaitaif plaitaif 5. _t _tep ep 25 ‟ Petu Peturi ri _uoo _uooess ess (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Mdflratkg jlr Eiqueue lpermtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai

Aj queue asJudd3 Peturi lverjdlw3  

Eihaj 

 

Pemr 7 remr + =3

 

]ueue SremrW 7 ateg3 Peturi true3

Eih Hequeue Lpermtali

Ai kere, reglvaif mi ateg jrlg tke jrlit ai tke queue as kmppeieh. kmppeieh. Vkei reglvaif reglvaif mi ateg jrlg tke jrlit, jlddlwaif steps skludh `e tmcei ai tl olisahermtali. =. _tep _tep 2= ‟ _ee _ee wketk wketker er tke tke queue queue as egpt egpty y lr ilt ilt 0. _tep 20 ‟ Rrlhuoe Rrlhuoe lverjdl lverjdlw w errlr mih exat, exat, aj tke tke queue queue as egpty egpty ?. _tep 2? ‟ Peglve Peglve tke hmtm wkere wkere jrlit jrlit as plaitai plaitaif, f, aj tke queue queue as ilt ilt egpty 8. _tep 28 ‟ Aioremse Aioremse jrlit plaite plaiterr tl plait plait tl tke iext iext mvmadm`de mvmadm`de hmtm hmtm edegeit edegeit 5. _t _tep ep 25 ‟ Petu Peturi ri _uoo _uooess ess (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke mdflratkg redmteh tl Hequeue lpermtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. @efai

Aj queue asEgpty3

 

Peturi uiherjdlw3 Eihaj 

 

Ateg 7 queue SjrlitW3

 

Jrlit 7 jrlit + =3 Peturi true3

Eih

At omi uiherstmih m`lut tke Eiqueue mih Hequeue lpermtalis usaif `edlw jafure.

Jafure ?; - Eiqueue mih Hequeue Lpermtali (Kmoceremrtk, 02=;, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkere mre slge supplrtave juiotalis lj tke queue ms ai tke stmoc hmtm struoture. Xkese juiotalis gmce tke queue lpermtalis ejjaoaeit. 

Reec () ‟ Xmce tke ateg mt tke jrlit lj tke queue watklut reglvaif at. Lidy dace m olpy lj tke ateg tmcei.

Mdflratkg as sklwi `edlw jlr tkas juiotali   @efai prloehure peec   

Peturi queue SjrlitW3

 

Eih prloehure



AsJudd () ‟ Okeocs tke queue as judd

Mdflratkg lj asJudd () as sklwi ai tke `edlw  

@efai prloehure asJudd

 

Aj remr equmds tl GM[_A^E3

   

Edse

Peturi true3

 

Peturi jmdse3

 

Eihaj Eih prloehure



AsEgpty () ‟ Okeocs aj tke queue as egpty

@edlw sklws tke mdflratkg lj asEgpty ()  

@efai prloehure asEgpty

   

Aj jrlit 4 GAI lr jrlit 9 remr3 Peturi true3

 

Edse

   

Peturi jmdse3 Eihaj Eih prloehure

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Daic Dast Hmtm _truoture

Daic dast as mi mrrmifegeit lj hmtm struotures tkmt mre oliieoteh tlfetker tkrlufk daics. Motumddy at as mi mrrmifegeit lj daics tkmt olitmais ategs. Every daic aioduhes m oliieotali tl miltker miltk er daic. Mjter tke mrrmy, tkas hmtm struoture struoture as tke glst useh lie. (Xutlramdsplai (Xutlramdsplait, t, 02=;) 02=;) Daic dast omi `e represeit ms m seraes lj ilhes. Emok ilhe plaits tl tke iext ilhe.

Jafure ?1 - Daic Dast (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Xkere mre twl types lj Daic Dast hmtm struoture. =. _a _aif ifdy dy Daic Daic Da Dast st 0. Hlu` Hlu`dy dy Daic Daic Dast Dast _aifdy Daic Dast

Emok edegeit kms slge hmtm mih m ih m daic tl tke iext edegeit, wkaok mddlws tl ceep tke struoture ai _aifdy Daic Dast. (Mdfldast, 02=;) Every edegeit as omddeh ms m Ilhe. Xke jarst ilhe omi `e aheitajaeh aheit ajaeh ms Kemh. At omi mooess ltker ilhes ai tke dast `y olisaheraif olisaheraif tke kemh ilhe. Every ilhe plaits tl tke iext ilhe preseit ai tke lrher. Mdwmys, dmst ilhe as plaiteh tl IUDD. Xkas daic dast as trmverseh lidy jlr lie hareotali. At gemis, tkere as lidy lie iext plaiter. Xkerejlre, at omi‑t trmverse tke saifdy dast tl tke reverse hareotali.

Jafure 82 - _aifdy Daic Dast (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Xrmversaif   Xrmversaif

Xrmversaif as tke prloess lj stmrt watk tke kemh mih mooess emok ilhe uitad remok iudd. At hles ilt okmife tke kemh rejereioe. (Os.ogu, 02=;) _agpdy tkas gemis, glvaif tkrlufk ilhe `y ilhe sequeitamddy. Xke gmai pmtteri lj prloessaif tke hmtm edegeit lj m ilhe omi `e sklwi ms jlddlws. 

_tmrt mt tke jarst ilhe



Pepemt uitad tkere mre il glre ilhes



Rrloess tke exastaif ilhe



Glve tl tke iext ilhe

Xkas pmtteri lj prloess as tke stmihmrh sequeitamd prloessaif. Daics mre aivldveh ai emok step. At ieeh tl use daic vmram`des tl mooess every ilhe ai tke hmtm struoture. Ms at glvaif every ilhe, uphmte tkas daic tl ceep up watk tke ourreit pdmoe ai tke hmtm struoture. Xkas prloess omi `e glstdy uiherstmih `y usaif tke `edlw jafure.

Jafure 8= - Xrmversaif (_qm, 02=;) Lpermtalis Gmaidy, at omi perjlrg tkese juiotalis usaif saifdy daic dast.

=. Aisert 0. Hedete Aisert

Xkas aisert lpermtali as useh tl mhh iew ilhe tl tke daic dast. Aisert omi `e kmppeieh ai tkree wmys. (Xutlramdrahe, 02=;) =. Mt tk tkee _tm _tmrt rt lj tk tkee ddast ast 0. Mt tke tke Gahh Gahhde de plsa plsatal tali i lj lj tke tke dast dast ?. Mt tke tke Eih Eih lj tk tkee das dastt Mt tke _tmrt lj tke dast

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai kere, tl aisert m iew ilhe tl tke stmrt, at gemis tl tke kemh lj tke dast, m iew ilhe ieeh tl mhh kemh mih tke jarst hmtm ilhe. Xke steps mre, =. Jlrg Jlrg m iew ilhe ilhe usai usaif f tke hmtm hmtm tl `e `e mhheh. mhheh. 0. _et iew iew ilhe ilhe tl tke jarst jarst hmtm hmtm ilhe, ilhe, tke tke kemh as plaitai plaitaif. f. ?. _et _et k kem emh h ttl l ttke ke ie iew w ilh ilhee Aisertaif m iew ilhe tl `efai lj tke dast omi `e sklwi ai `edlw jafure.

Jafure 80 Aisert m Ilhe mt tke _tmrt lj tke Dast (Os.ogu, 02=;) Mt tke Gahhde plsatali lj tke dast

Ai kere, tkas gemis mhhaif m iew ilhe mt tke gahhde lj tke daic dast. Ai tkas prloess, `edlw steps omi `e jlddlweh. =. L`serve L`serve tkrlufk tkrlufk tke dast uitad uitad tke ilhe ilhe `ejlre tke requareh requareh aisertal aisertali i plait as jluih. jluih. 0. Jlrg Jlrg m iew ilhe ilhe usai usaif f tke hmtm hmtm tl `e `e mhheh. mhheh. ?. _et tke iew iew ilhe‑s ilhe‑s iext rejereio rejereioee tl tke smge ms ms tke iext iext rejereioe rejereioe lj tke ilhe ilhe `ejlre `ejlre tke aisertali plait. 8. _et tke ilhe ilhe `ejlre `ejlre tke aisertal aisertali i plait‑s plait‑s iext rejereio rejereioee tl tke iew iew ilhe. ilhe. Xke jlddlwaif jafure sklws tkas prloess odemrdy.

Jafure 8? - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Gahhde Rlsatali lj tke Dast (Xutlramdrahe, 02=;) Mt tke Eih lj tke dast

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke jlddlwaif steps omi `e jlddlweh wkei mhhaif m iew ilhe mt tke eih lj tke daic dast. =. L`serve L`serve tkrlufk tkrlufk tke dast dast uitad uitad tke jaimd ilhe as get. get. 0. Jlrg Jlrg m iew ilhe ilhe usai usaif f tke hmtm hmtm tl `e `e mhheh. mhheh. ?. _et tke tke iew ilhe ilhe‑s ‑s iext iext rejere rejereioe ioe tl tl iudd. iudd. 8. _et tke tke eih ilhe ilhe‑s ‑s iext iext rejerei rejereioe oe tl tke tke iew ilhe. ilhe. Usaif tke `edlw jafure, at omi uiherstmih tke prloess lj aisertaif m iew ilhe mt ke eih lj tke dast.

Jafure 88 - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Eih lj tke Dast (Os.ogu, 02=;)

Hedete

Hedete lpermtali lpermtali omi `e useh tl hedete m ilhe jrlg tke dast. Vkei olisaheraif olisaheraif tke hedetaif m ilhe jrlg tke daic dast, moolrhaif tl tke `edlw jafure jaih tke requareh ilhe mih hedete at jrlg tke dast. Ai tke `edlw jafure, at kms hedeteh m ilhe watk [.

Jafure 85 - Hedete m Ilhe jrlg m Dast (Xutlramdrahe, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Hlu`dy Daic Dast

Zmramtali lj daiceh dast ai wkaok imvafmtali as plssa`de ai `ltk wmys, `ltk jlrwmrh mih  `mocwmrh emsady olgpmreh tl saifde daic dast as cilwi ms hlu`dy daic dast. (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Every ilhe olisast lj twl jaedhs omddeh daics tkmt mre rejereioes tl tke prevalus mih tl tke iext ilhe ai tke sequeioe lj ilhes. At ieeh tl okmife glre daics tkmi tke smge lpermtalis li m saifdy daic dast wkade mhhaif lr reglvaif m ilhe ai m hlu`dy daiceh dast. @edlw sklws tke jafure vaew lj hlu`dy daic dast.

Jafure 8: - Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast (Rrlfrmgaz, 02=;)

At omi represeit hlu`dy daic dast ilhe.

Jafure 86 - Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast Ilhe (Nmvmtplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Lpermtalis

Gmaidy, at omi aheitajy twl lpermtalis usaif hlu`dy daic dast. =. Aisertali 0. Hedetali Aisertali

Ai kere, tke aisertali at gemis mhh ilhe omi `e hlie ai tkree wmys. =. Aiser Aisertt m il ilhe he mt tk tkee jjrl rlit it 0. Aiser Aisertt m ilhe ilhe mjt mjter er fave favei i ilhe ilhe ?. Aiser Aisertt m il ilhe he mt tk tkee eih eih Aisert m ilhe mt tke jrlit

Ai tkas prloess, m iew ilhe as aiserteh `ejlre tke kemh lj tke daic dast. Xkei, iewdy aiserteh ilhe `eolges tke iew kemh lj tke hlu`dy daic dast. Xkei, omdd tke pusk () juiotali tkmt mhhs m ilhe mt tke jrlit lj tke dast. Juiotali Juiotali pusk () gust l`tma l`tmai i m plaiter plaiter tl tke kemh plaiter saioe  pusk gust okmife tke kemh plaiter plaiter tl plait tl tke iew ilhe. @edlw jafure sklws m tkas prloess.

Jafure 8; - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Jrlit (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;) Jave steps tl mhh ilhe mt tke jrlit as sklwi ai tke `edlw. pu`dao vlah pusk (ait iew\hmtm) {

=. Mddlomte ilhe 0. Rut ai tke hmtm Ilhe iew\Ilhe 7 iew Ilhe (iew\hmtm)3

?. Gmce iext lj iew ilhe ms kemh mih prevalus ms IUDD iew\Ilhe.iext 7 kemh3

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit   iew\Ilhe.prev iew\Ilhe.prev 7 iudd3 

8. Okmife prev lj kemh ilhe tl iew ilhe aj (kemh! 7 iudd) kemh.prev 7 iew\Ilhe3

5. Glve tke kemh tl plait tl tke iew ilhe kemh 7 iew\Ilhe3 }

Aisert m ilhe mjter favei ilhe

At kms favei plaiter tl m ilhe ms prev\ilhe mih iew ilhe as mhheh mjter tke favei ilhe. Rrloess as smge ms tke m`lve aisertaif m ilhe mt tke jrlit. Xkas prloess as sklwi ai tke `edlw jafure.

Jafure 81 - Aisert m Ilhe mjter Favei Ilhe (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

At ieehs twl steps extrm tl okmife prevalus plaiter lj iew ilhe mih prevalus plaiter lj iew ilhe‑s iext ilhe. pu`dao vlah AisertMjter AisertMjter (Ilhe prev\Ilhe, ait iew\hmtm) {

=. Okeoc aj tke favei prev\ilhe as IUDD aj (prev\Ilhe 77 iudd) { _ysteg.lut.praitdi ("Xke favei prevalus ilhe omiilt `e IUDD ")3 returi3 }

0. Mddlomte ilhe

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

?. Rut ai tke hmtm Ilhe iew\ilhe 7 iew Ilhe (iew\hmtm)3

8. Gmce iext lj iew ilhe ms iext lj prev\ilhe iew\ilhe.iext 7 prev\Ilhe.iext3

5. Gmce tke iext lj prev\ilhe ms iew\ilhe prev\Ilhe.iext prev\Ilhe.ie xt 7 iew\ilhe3

:. Gmce prev\ilhe ms prevalus lj iew\ilhe iew\Ilhe.prev iew\Ilhe.pr ev 7 prev\Ilhe3

6. Okmife prevalus lj iew\ilhe's iext ilhe aj (iew\ilhe.iext !7 iudd) iew\ilhe.iext.prev iew\ilhe.ie xt.prev 7 iew\ilhe3 }

Aisert m ilhe mt tke eih

Ai kere, m iewdy ilhe as aiserteh mjter tke dmst ilhe lj tke daic dast. At ieehs tl trmverse tke daic  dast uitad eih. Xkei, okmife tke iext lj dmst ilhe tl iew ilhe.

Jafure 52 - Aisert m Ilhe mt tke Eih (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;) Jlddlwaif mre sevei steps tl aisert m ilhe mt tke eih.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

vlah mppeih (ait iew\hmtm) { =. Mddlomte ilhe 0. Rut ai tke hmtm Ilhe iew\ilhe 7 iew Ilhe (iew\hmtm)3 Ilhe dmst 7 kemh3  

Useh ai step 5

?. Xkas iew ilhe as flaif tl `e tke dmst ilhe, sl gmce iext lj at ms IUDD   iew\ilhe.ie iew\ilhe.iext xt 7 iudd3 8. Aj tke Daiceh Dast as egpty, tkei gmce tke iew ilhe ms kemh aj (kemh 77 iudd) { iew\ilhe.prev iew\ilhe.pr ev 7 iudd3 kemh 7 iew\ilhe3 returi3 }

5. Edse trmverse tadd tke dmst ilhe wkade (dmst.iext!7 iudd) dmst 7 dmst.iext3

:. Okmife tke iext lj dmst ilhe dmst.iext 7 iew\ilhe3

6. Gmce dmst ilhe ms prevalus lj iew ilhe iew\ilhe.prev iew\ilhe.pr ev 7 dmst3 } Hedetali

Hedete m ilhe jrlg tke dast usaif tke cey. @edlw sklws tke jafure lj hedetaif m ilhe ai tke gahhde lj m hlu`dy daiceh dast.

Jafure 5= - Hedetali ai Hlu`dy Daiceh Dast (Nmvm0ilvaoe, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

At kms represeiteh m olhe lj hedetali lj m ilhe mt tke `efaiiaif lj m hlu`dy daiceh dast.

Jafure 50 - Olhe lj Hedetali lj m Ilhe (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Agpdegeitmtali Agpdegeitmt ali lj —Pemh watk Us‗ Da`rmry _ysteg

Ai ke kere re,, tk tkas as syste systeg g km kmss agpd agpdeg egei eite teh h jl jlrr —Pem —Pemh h wa watk tk Us‗ Da`r Da`rmry mry.. Mool Moolrh rhai aif f tl tk tkee requaregeits lj tke da`rmry, tkas systeg kms agpdegeiteh. Xke mutklr kms useh Iet@emis AHE ;.0 sljtwmre tl oremte tkas Da`rmry _ysteg. Xkas systeg kms agpdegeiteh usaif tke olioept lj  Hmtm _truotures. _truotures. Ai tkas omse, tke mutklr mutklr kms useh ]ueue mih Daic Dast Hmtm _truotures _truotures wkei agpdeg agp degeit eitaif aif tkas tkas systeg systeg.. Xke Xke mutklr mutklr kms useh useh qu queue eue lpermta lpermtali liss suok suok ms Eiqueu Eiqueuee mih Hequeue mih glre wkade usaif daic dast lpermtalis. Moolrhaif tl tkas systeg, gmaidy at k kedps edps tl perjlrg tke `llc reservmtali jmoadataes tl tke geg`ers.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Dlfai

@edlw sklws mi aiterjmoe lj dlfai. At omi dlfai tl tke systeg usaif tkas aiterjmoe.

Jafure 5? ‟ Dlfai (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure 58 - Olhe lj Dlfai (Mutklr, 02=;) Xke sluroe olhe tkmt as useh tl agpdegeit tke dlfai juiotali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. Ai kere, at kms geitalieh tke systeg exat olhe mdsl tkmt as wrattei jlr tke Exat `uttli.

Xkas systeg as rui jrlg tke `edlw olhe. At gemis, at stmrts rui tke systeg jrlg tke gmai getklh.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Aj

at

kms

Jafure 55 - Gmai Getklh (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure 5: - Aivmdah Dlfai (Mutklr, 02=;) eitereh mi aiolrreot userimge lr pmsswlrh, errlr gessmfe omi `e seei ms ai tke `edlw.

@y eiteraif olrreot userimge mih pmsswlrh, wedolge gessmfe omi `e seei ms ai tke `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 56 - _uooessjud Dlfai (Mutklr, 02=;)

Geiu

At omi eiter tl tke Geiu pmfe `y suooessjud dlfai.

Jafure 5; ‟ Geiu (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai tk tkas as ai aite terj rjmoe moe,, at om omi i pe perjl rjlrg rg ju juio iota tali liss re redm dmte teh h tl tk tkee da`r da`rmr mry. y. At omi pe perj rjlr lrg g @llc  @llc  Peservmtali mih _emrok @llc ms ai tke `edlw jafure.

Jafure :2 - Olhe lj Geiu Aiterjmoe 02=;) Jafure (Mutklr, 51 - Geiu Juiotalis (Mutklr, 02=;) Xke sluroe olhe redmteh tl m`lve aiterjmoe as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Uidace tke ltker systeg, tkas systeg as agpdegeiteh usaif GHA jlrg olioept. Xkei, at omi  perjlrg severmd juiotalis mt lioe. GHA getklh gemis, at omi lpei severmd aiterjmoes mih  perjlrg tke tmsc ms ai tke `edlw.

Jafure := - GHA Jlrg Oremtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Peservmtali

Xkas aiterjmoe aiterjmoe useh tl gmce `llc reservmtali. reservmtali. Geg`er omi reserve `llc usaif tkas. Ai kere, dlmh tke Pejereioe Il ai tke hrlp hlwi dast mutlg mutlgmtaomdd mtaomddy. y. Xkei, at omi sedeot Pejereioe Il usaif tkas dast. Mjter tkmt, at jadds tke Geg`er AH jaedh mutlgmtaomdd mutlgmtaomddy y redmteh tl tkmt Pejereioe  Il. Xke remsli as wkei agpdegeitaif tke systeg, at kms aiserteh `llc hetmads tkrlufk cey`lmrh. Xkei, tkmt hetmads mutlgmtaomddy jaddeh. @y pressaif Peserve `uttli, at omi reserve m  `llc suooessjuddy ms ai tke `edlw. _uooessjud gessmfe mdsl olges.

Jafure :0 - Peserve @llc  (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@edlw sklws tke olhe daies lj reservmtali juiotali. At kms useh aitefer type vmram`des tl stlre Pejereioe Il mih Geg`er AH. Xkei, tmces vmdues jrlg tke jaedhs mih omdd tl tke Eiqueue getklh `y gmcaif l`neots redmteh tl tke Eiqueue getklh ai tkas odmss ms ai tke olhe.

Jafure :? - Olhe lj Peserve @llc  (Mutklr, 02=;)

Moolrhaif tl tkas systeg, mdd tke Pejereioe Il mre dlmh tl tke hrlp hlwi dast. Hue tl tkas olhe, tkas prloess as kmppeieh. kmppeieh. _watok omse olitrld struoture struoture as useh tl perjlrg tkas prloess ms ai tke jafure. Moolrhaif tl tkas, wkei sedeotaif tke Pejereioe Il jrlg tke Hrlp hlwi dast, tke Geg`er AH as jadds mutlgmtaomddy ai tke jaedh redmteh tl tkmt Pejereioe Il.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai tke `edlw, at kms sklwi l`neot tkmt oremte ai tke reservmtali odmss tl nlai watk ]ueue odmss.

Jafure :5 - Olhe lj L`neot Oremtali (Mutklr, 02=;) _emrok

Xkas aiterjmoe omi `e useh tl semrok reservmtali. @y eiteraif Pejereioe Il mih pressaif _EMPOK `uttli, at perjlrgs tke juiotali.

Jafure :: - _emrok Peservmtali

(Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@y pressaif _EMPOK `uttli, gessmfe kms olge ms ai tke `edlw.

Jafure :6 - _emrok juiotali (Mutklr, 02=;) Jafure :; - _emrok Juiotali (Mutklr, 02=;)

Aj at wadd presseh Qes, sklw gessmfe mfmai ms ai tke jafure. Aj at as favei Qes, reservmtali omi `e mooesseh. Gessmfe as sklwi ai tke jafure.

Jafure :1 - _emrok Juiotali

(Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkere as il resplise jrlg tke geg`er, tke reservmtali wadd omioeddeh ms ai tke `edlw. Jafure 62 - _emrok Juiotali (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure 6= - _emrok Juiotali (Mutklr, 02=;) Aj at hles ilt ieeh tl aijlrg tl tke geg`er, tke reservmtali as kldh uitad tke geg`er as resplihaif.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke sluroe olhe redmteh tl tkas juiotali as sklwi ai tke `edlw. Ai kere, l`neot as oremteh tl oliieot watk ]ueue odmss. Mih getklh as oremteh ms _emrok ai tke semrok odmss. Xkas _emrok getklh as hejaieh tl Eiqueue Geg`er AH mih tke Pejereioe Il ms ai tke jafure.

Jafure 60 - _emrok getklh (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

_emrok as kmppeieh usaif Pejereioe Il. Hetmads mre fet jrlg tke emrdaer gmhe Iew\L`neot. Aj  at kmppei m reservmtali, tke Eiqueue hetmads mre Hequeue jrlg tke dast. Gessmfe hamdlfue  `lxes mre useh jlr sklw tkas prloess.

Jafure 6? - Olhe lj _emrok Juiotali (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Gmaidy, tkas systeg perjlrgs moolrhaif tl tke agpdegeitaif tkas ]ueue Odmss. Vklde prloess as kmppeieh moolrhaif moolrhaif tl tkas odmss. Aisahe tkas odmss. At kms aioduhes aioduhes mdd tke getklhs getklhs suok ms aisertaif mih hedetaif hetmads jrlg tke dast. At gemis dace Eiqueue, Hequeue juiotalis mih smge ms aisert, hedete juiotalis usaif daiceh dast. @edlw sklws tke Eiqueue juiotali mih vmram`de heodmrmtali jlr kemh, jrlit mih remr.

Jafure 68 - Olhe lj ]ueue Odmss (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xkas sklws m Hequeue juiotali.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@edlw sklws tke juiotalis lj semrok mih fet geg`er hetmads.

Jafure 6: - Olhe lj _emrok mih Fet Geg`er Hetmads

(Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

]ueueIlhe odmss as sklwi ai tke `edlw. Aitefer type vmram`des mre hejaieh ai kere mih gmhe tkese ms pu`dao sl ms tl use tkese vmram`des ai miy getklh.

Jafure 66 - Olhe lj ]ueueIlhe Odmss (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

0.0 Xest tke m`lve mppdaomtali watk m suatm`de test omses (DL 0.?)

XE_X RDMI JLP XKE —PEMH VAXK U_‗ DA@PMPQ _Q_XEG

 

Rrepmreh Jlr> Pemh Vatk Us Da`rmry   Rrepmreh @y> K.G.Ailcm _mihmgmda

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Oliteit lj tke Xest Rdmi =. Aitrlhuotali

  Vkmt as _ysteg Xestaif<   @dmoc @lx Xestaif   Vkate @lx Xestaif 0. Rurplse lj _ysteg Xestaif ?. _olpe 8. Xest L`neotaves 5. Xest Omse Xegpdmte :. Xestaif Rrloehure 6. Oliodusali Aitrlhuotali

—Pemh watk Us‗ Da`rmry _ysteg omi use tl reserve `llc tl tkear geg`ers. Ai kere, tkas systeg perjlrgs m wmataif dast lr `llc lr ltker remhaif gmteramd mddlomtali. M geg`er as olitmoteh tkrlufk egmad lr _G_ mih aijlrgeh aj tke plssa`de gmtok `etweei reservmtali mih tke `llc as jluih. Mutklr kms useh ]ueue Hmtm _truoture watk Daiceh dast tl hevedlp tkas systeg. Mutklr kms useh test pdmi tl test tkas systeg. _ysteg Xestaif

Xestaif lj m olgpdete mih juddy aitefrmteh sljtwmre prlhuot as tke _ysteg Xestaif. Feiermddy, sljtwmre as lidy lie edegeit lj m dmrfer olgputer `mseh systeg. Xkas testaif as remddy m seraes lj hajjere hajjereit it tests tests wklse wklse saifde saifde purplse purplse as tl exeroa exeroase se tke judd olgput olgputer er `mseh `mseh systeg systeg.. (furu11, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkere mre twl types lj _ysteg Xestaif. =. @dmo @dmoc c @lx @lx Xest Xestai aif f 0. Vkat Vkatee @lx @lx Xest Xestai aif f

@dmoc @lx Xestaif

 Ilrgmddy, _ysteg Xest jmdds uiher tke @dmoc @lx Xestaif. Xkas as useh tl test juiotalimdaty lj  tke prlfrmg watklut cilwaif tke aiterimd struoture lj tke mppdaomtali. At gemis tke tester  okeocs tke systeg mrokateoture watklut mooessaif tl tke sluroe olhe lj at. Mhvmitmfes lj @dmoc @lx Xestaif> 

_luroe olhe as ilt requareh



Glstdy suateh mih ejjeotave jlr dmrfe olhe sefgeits



Xesters omi test tke mppdaomtali watk il cilwdehfe lj agpdegeitaif lr prlfrmggaif dmifumfe.



Xests mre hlie jrlg user‑s vaewplait

Hasmhvmitmfes lj @dmoc @lx Xestaif> 

Dagateh test omses omi `e exeouteh



Xke tester omiilt tmrfet speoajao olhe sefgeits lr errlr mrems, at mjjeot jlr tke `daih olvermfe





At as hajjaoudt tl hesafi tke test omses ]umdaty lj olhaif mih stmihmrhs wadd `e uiaheitajaeh (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Vkate @lx Xestaif

Xestaif lj tke aiterimd wlrcaif lr olhe lj m sljtwmre mppdaomtali as tke  Vkate @lx Xestaif. At gemis tkas as useh tl test aiterimd aiterimd struoture lj tke mppdaomtali. mppdaomtali. Ai kere, tester tests juiotalimd juiotalimd jdlw, vmram`de vmdues mih omdoudmtalis lj tke sluroe olhe tl aheitajy tkmt lutput as expeoteh lr  ilt.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Mhvmitmfes lj Vkate @lx Xestaif> 

At tedds errlrs ai kahhei olhes



Kedps tl lptagaze tke olhe



Omi reglve extrm daies lj tke olhe tkmt omi `raif ai kahhei hejeots



At as very emsy tl jaih wkaok caih lj hmtm omi kedp tl test tke mppdaomtali ejjeotavedy hue tl tke tester kms cilwdehfe lj sluroe olhe

Hasmhvmitmfes lj Vkate @lx Xestaif> 

_caddeh testers mre requareh tl perjlrg wkate `lx testaif, tke olst as aioremseh



_peoamdazeh tllds mre ieeheh suok ms olhe mimdyser mih he`uffaif tllds



At ieehs ieehs speoam speoamdaze dazeh h tllds tllds dace dace olhe olhe mimdys mimdyser er mih he`uffai he`uffaif f tllds tllds jlr wkate wkate `lx testaif. Xkerejlre, at as hajjaoudt tl gmaitmai wkate `lx testaif (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

Rurplse lj _ysteg Xestaif

Xestaif as very agplrtmit pmrt lj tke systeg hevedlpaif. Gmaidy, tke mutklr kms useh testaif jlr test tke qumdaty lj tke systeg mih hajjereit jmotlrs suok ms seouraty, ejjaoaeioy, usm`adaty mih gmaitmaim`adaty. At gust `e hlie `ejlre at fave tl tke user. _ysteg tes testaif taif as hlie tl okeoc  tke `ekmvalur lj m olgpdeteh mih juddy olg`aieh mppdaomtali. Xke gmai mag lj testaif as evmdum evm dumte te eih user requar requarege egeits its.. Xkas Xkas testaif testaif as useh useh tl jaih jaih `ufs `ufs `mseh `mseh li mppdaom mppdaomtal tali i  `ekmvalur, hesafi mih expeotmtali lj eih users. At omi `e useh tl vmdahmte mih verajy tke systeg. _ysteg testaif as useh tl eisure tkmt tke systeg wadd juiotali olrreotdy mih prlperdy wkei mdd juiotalis mre `uihdeh ms m wklde. Jaimddy, systeg testaif as very usejud jlr fave  `etter prlhuot jlr tke user. @y olisaheraif mdd tkese jmots, tke mutklr kms testeh tkas mppdaomtali.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

_olpe

Ai kere, tkas systeg perjlrgs m wmataif dast lr `llc lr ltker remhaif gmteramd mddlomtali. M geg`er as olitmoteh tkrlufk egmad lr _G_ mih aijlrgeh aj tke plssa`de gmtok `etweei reservmtali mih tke `llc as jluih. @ejlre kmih lver tke lutput tl tke user, tke testaif skludh  `e hlie tl tke wklde systeg. Mutklr kms oremteh hajjereit test omses tl systeg testaif. Ai kere, tke mutklr kms okeoc tke motumd resudts mih expeoteh resudts mih olgpmre `ltk resudts. @y usaif smgpde hmtm, tke mutklr  kms okeoceh wketker motumd resudts kms `eei olge lr ilt. Xke mutklr kms testeh wketker mdd reolrhs mre hemd watk systeg prlperdy lr ilt. Xest L`neotaves

_ysteg test expeots tl verajy mdd tke juiotalis mre perjlrgeh prlperdy. _ysteg testaif gmce sure tkmt mdd tke user requaregeits mre geet. At as very usejud tl jaih errlrs mih gaiagaze tkeg. _ysteg test as useh tl jaih aiolrreot aiolrreot mih gassaif juiotali. juiotali. At sklws sklws tke errlrs ai olhe mdsl. At as emsy tl aheitajy perjlrgmioe errlrs mdsl usaif systeg testaif. _ysteg tests expeots olijaheioe ai mih suppdyaif aijlrgmtali m`lut tke deved lj qumdaty.

Xest Omse Xegpdmte

Xest Omse

Aiput Hmtm

Xm`de = - Xest Omse Xegpdmte (Mutklr, 02=;)

Expeoteh

Motumd

Xest Lutolge

Pesudts

Pesudts

(Rmss/Jmad)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xestaif Rrloehure

Ai kere, mutklr kms fmve tke systeg tl test ltkers ms tke testaif prloehure. Mutklr kms sedeoteh slge perslis perslis mih test tke systeg. Xkei tke mutklr omi aheitajy aheitajy mdd errlrs ai tke systeg. Mih mdsl, tke user omi aheitajy tke ejjaoaeioy, perjlrgmioe, speeh, moourmoy mih mdd ltker tkaifs ai tke systeg `y tkas testaif prloehure. Xest Omse Il

Hesoraptali

Dlfai watk Zmdah

2=

Oreheitamds Dlfai watk Aivmdah

20

Oreheitamds

Xester Imge

Xest Hmte

_upui Cmuskmdym

0?rh lj Ilveg`er 02=;

Rraisa Rrm`lhkm

0?rh lj Ilveg`er 02=;

Dakaia Dmcgm

0?  lj Ilveg`er 02=;

Uhmrm Gmhusmicm

08tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;

rh

2?

28

Gmai Geiu Dlmh Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp Hlwi Dast

25

Peservmtali

Gmdaihu Hmrskmim

08tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;

2:

_emrok

_limda Zahuskm

06tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;

26

Exat

Hadskmi Fmgmfe

06tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;

Xm`de 0 - Xestaif Rrloehure (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Zmdah Oreheitamds

Xest Omse> 2= Xest Omse Imge> Dlfai watk Zmdah Oreheitamds

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xesteh @y> _upui Craskmitkm Aiput

Xest Omse

Dlfai

watk

Hmtm

Zmdah

Expe Ex peot oteh eh Pes Pesud udts ts

Ha Hasp spdm dmy y

Oreheitamds

Motu Motumd md Pes Pesud udts ts

_tmtus (Rmss/Jmad)

Haspdmy y _uooess _uooess _uooe _uooess ss Haspdm

Gessmfe —VEDOLGE‗

Gessmfe —VEDOLGE‗

=. Userimge Rmss

Da`rmrami 0. Rmsswlrh =0?

Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Aivmdah Oreheitamds

Xest Omse> 20

Xm`de ? ‟ Xest Omse jlr Dlfai watk Zmdah Oreheitamds Mutklr, 02=;

Jafure 6; - Dlfai Aiterjmoe (Mutklr, 02=;) Xest Omse Imge> Dlfai watk Aivmdah Oreheitamds Xesteh @y> Rraisa Rrm`lhkm Xest Omse

Aiput

Expe Ex peot oteh eh Pes Pesud udts ts

Motu Motumd md Pes Pesud udts ts

_tmtus

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Hmtm

Dlfai fai

watk watk

Aiv Aivmdah mdah

(Rmss/Jmad)

Haspdmy

Oreheitamds

Errlr  Hasp Haspdm dmy y

Errl rrlr 

Gessmfee —Vrlif Gessmf —Vrlif Gessmfe Da`rmrami

=. Userimge

Userimge Rmsswlrh‗

0. Rmsswlrh

lr   —Vrlif Userimge Rmsswlrh‗

lr 

Rmss

=085:

Xest Omse jlr Geiu

Xest Omse> 2? Xest Omse Imge> Geiu Xesteh @y> Dakaia Dmcgm Xest Omse

Aiput Hmtm

Expeoteh Pesudt

_tmtus Motumd Pesudt

(Rmss/Jmad )

Geiu _klw =. Rr Rres esss

Pes Peser ervm vmta tali li

Peservmtali mih

_emrok 0. Rress _emro rok k Xm`de 8 - Xest Omse jlr Aivmdah Dlfai Aiterjmoes (Mutklr, 02=;)

_klw Peservmtali mih _emrok Aiterjmoes

Rmss

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Xest Omse jlr Dlmh Mdd Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi Dast

Xest Omse> 28 Xest Omse Imge> Dlmh Mdd Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi Dast Xesteh @y> Uhmrm Gmhusmicm Aiput Hmtm

Xest Omse

Expe Ex peot oteh eh Pes Pesud udts ts

Motu Motumd md Pes Pesud udts ts

Dlmh Dl mh Md Mddd Peje Pejere reio ioee

_klws m

 Ilt _klws m

 Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi

Pejereioe Il dast

Pejereioe Il

Dast 5 - Xest Omse jlr Geiu Xm`de Hrlp Hlwi @lx =. (Mutklr, Odaoc L02=;) i

_tmtus (Rmss/Jmad)

dast

Jmad

Moolrhaif tl m`lve omse, tke mutklr kms prepmreh tkas juiotali tl sklw mdd tke Pejereioe  Iug`ers ai tke hrlp hlwi dast wkei odaoc li tke Olg`l @lx. @ut, @ut, wkei testaif tke systeg at

Xm`de : - Dlmh Mdd Pejereioe Il tl tke Hrlp hlwi Dast (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure ;= - Peserve @llc  (Mutklr, 02=;)

Jafure ;0 - Dlmh Pejereioe Il ai tke Olg`l @lx (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

kms ilt wlrceh prlperdy ms ai tke m`lve. Xke mutklr kms prepmreh tkas assue `y gmcaif okmifes okmif es tl tke sluroe olhe. Jaimddy, Jaimddy, tkas juiotali juiotali as wlrceh wlrceh prlperdy ms ai tke `edlw jafure. jafure. Xke mutklr wludh `e m`de tl aheitajy tkas prl`deg hue tl tke testaif tke systeg. Xke mutklr  oludh `e m`de tl uiherstmih tke agplrtmioe lj tke systeg testaif hue tl tkas prl`deg.

Xest Omse jlr Peservmtali

Xest Omse> 25 Xest Omse Imge> Peservmtali Xesteh @y> Gmdaihu Hmrskmim Xest Omse

Dlfai fai

watk watk

Aiput Hmtm

Aiv Aivmdah mdah

Oreheitamds =. Peje Pejere rei ioe Il

=22?

Expe Ex peot oteh eh Pesu Pesudt dtss

Motu Motumd md Pesu Pesudt dtss

Haspdmy Gessmfe

Haspdmy Gessmfe

—@llc Peserveh‗

—@llc

_tmtus (Rmss/Jmad)

Peserveh‗ Rmss

0. Geg`er AH AH

?2

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Xest Omse jlr _emrok Xest Omse> 25

Xest Omse Imge> _emrok Xesteh @y> Gmdaihu Hmrskmim

Xest Omse

Aiput Hmtm

_emrok

Expeoteh Pe Pesudts

Haspdmy ]uestali

Gessmfe —Hl Qlu Xm`de=6. -PXest Omse jlr Peservmtali ejereioe =220 Vmit tl Aijlrg tl tke (Mutklr, 02=;)  Il Geg`er 02 Exat Xesteh @y> Hadskmi Fmgmfe

Xest Omse

Aiput Hmtm

Exat. Rress

Expeoteh Pesudts

Motumd Pesudts

Zaew exat jrlg tke systeg

Zaew exat jrlg tke systeg

_tmtus (Rmss/Jmad)

Exat Rmss

Oliodusali

Xke mutklr kms testeh aiterjmoes ai tkas systeg prlperdy. Ai kere, tke mutklr omi `e m`de tl aheitajy aheit ajy klw tl gmce m test omse jlr tke testaif m systeg. At omi `e m`de tl aheitajy aj tkere as miy errlr ai tke systeg. @y testaif tke systeg, at omi fave prlper lutput tl tke user. At gemis, user omi fet qumdaty systeg tl perjlrg tkear tmscs emsady. Vkei testaif tkese tkaifs, tke mutklr  omi fet prmotaomd cilwdehfe mih tke odemr ahem m`lut klw tl testaif m systeg mih wkmt mre tke errlrs omi loour huraif hevedlpgeit lj tkas systeg. Xm`de 1 - Xest Omse jlr Exat Ai glst lj test omses, `ltk expeoteh resudt mih tke motumd resudt mre gmtokeh suooessjuddy. suooessjuddy. At gemis at omi olioduhe olioduhe tkmt tkere as (Mutklr, 02=;) il olisaherm`de errlr ai tke systeg.   @ut, ai slge omses lie lj  tke test omse jluih watk Jmad. Xkei, tke mutklr kms jaxeh at `y okmifaif tke sluroe olhe mih gmcaif aiterjmoes suatm`dy. Jurtkerglr Jurtk erglre, e, tke mutklr kms flt `etter experaeioe m`lut tke systeg testaif. testaif. Klwever, Klwever, ai tke m`lve glst lj test omses, `ltk expeoteh resudt mih tke motumd resudt mre gmtokeh suooessjuddy. _lge assues mre sldveh prlperdy. Jaimddy, at omi olioduhe tkmt tkere mre il olisaherm`de errlrs ai tke juiotalis tkmt kmve testeh ai tke m`lve.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xmsc ? ?.= Agpdegeit Agpdegeit Daiemr/@ Daiemr/@aimry aimry semrok semrok usaif usaif reoursav reoursavee mdflratkg mdflratkg mih ili-reo ili-reoursav ursavee mdflratkg, mih olgpmre tke perjlrgmioe. (DL =.?) Mdflratkg

M step-`y-step prloehure lr getklh jlr sldvaif m prl`deg `y m olgputer ai m jaiate iug`er  lj steps omi `e hejaieh ms mi Mdflratkg. (Os-juihmgeitmds, 02=;) _teps lj mdflratkgs mre wratte wra ttei i ai kugmi kugmi uiherst uiherstmih mihm`d m`dee dmifum dmifumfe. fe. Mih tklse tklse steps steps mre aihepe aihepeihe iheit it jrlg jrlg miy  prlfrmggaif dmifumfe. At omi agpdegeit mi mdflratkg m dflratkg ai miy prlfrmggaif dmifumfe lj lur  sedeotali. Mi mdflratkg skludh aioduhe slge jemtures suok ms, =. Aiput Aiput ‟ Mdfl Mdflratk ratkg g kmve kmve zerl lr glre glre aiput aiputss 0. Lutput Lutput ‟ Mdflratkg Mdflratkg kmve kmve lie lie lr glre lutpu lutputs ts mih skludh skludh l`tmai l`tmai hesareh hesareh lutput lutput ?. Jaiateiess Jaiateiess ‟ Mdflra Mdflratkg tkg gust gust tergaimte tergaimte mjter mjter m jaiate jaiate iug`er iug`er lj steps 8. Jemsa`adaty Jemsa`adaty ‟ Mdflratkg Mdflratkg skludh skludh `e jemsa`de jemsa`de watk watk tke mvmadm`de mvmadm`de resluroes resluroes 5. Aihe Aihepe peih ihei eitt ‟ Md Mdfl flra ratk tkg g sk sklu ludh dh kmve kmve step step-` -`yy-st step ep ha hare reot otal alis is tk tkmt mt sk sklu ludh dh `e aihepeiheit lj miy prlfrmggaif olhe (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) _emrok Mdflratkgs

_emrokaif as m wmy lj aheitajyaif lr jaihaif m speoajao reolrh. _emrokaif as very emsy mih ejjaoaeit, aj tke hmtm as gmhe ai slrteh lrher prlperdy. Motumddy, tke semrokaif as m teokiaque

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

tkmt useh tl jaih tke remd pdmoe lj m favei edegeit lr vmdue ai tke dast. Xkere mre slge semrokaif teokiaques mre useh ai tke hmtm struoture. Xkese stmihmrh teokiaques mre, =. Da Dai iemr emr _emr _emrok ok 0. @a @ai imry mry _emro emrok k Daiemr _emrok

Xke `msao semrok mdflratkg useh ai hmtm struoture as Daiemr _emrok. At‑s mdsl cilwi ms _equeitamd _emrok. Xkas daiemr semrok as useh tl jaih m speoajao edegeit ai mi mrrmy. At as ilt ieeh tl mrrmife tke mrrmy ai msoeihaif lr hesoeihaif lrher olgpudslry. (Olhe`urst, 02=;) Daiemr _emrok as glstdy useh jlr sklrt dasts saioe tkas mdflratkg as sagpde mih ieeh gaiagug olhe tl agpdegeit. Ai m dast, tke `est omse as wkei tke vmdue as equmd tl tke jarst edegeit lj tke dast, ai wkaok omse lidy lie olgpmrasli as ieeheh. Xke pllrest omse as wkei tke vmdue as ilt ai tke dast lr loours lidy lioe mt tke eih lj tke dast, ai wkaok iug`er lj edegeits ai tke dast olgpmraslis mre ieeheh.

Ms mi exmgpde, at omi olisaher jlddlwaif dast lj edegeit. Ai kere tke _emrok edegeit as ??.

Jafure ;1 - Daiemr _emrok (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Jafure 12 - Daiemr _emrok (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Xkei, at olgpmreh semrok edegeit ?? as olgpmreh watk jarst edegeit =2.

@ltk edegeits mre ilt gmtokaif. Xkerejlre, okeoc tke iext edegeit. Dacewase, glve iemr tl tke edegeits mih okeoc tklse edegeits mre gmtokeh watk tke semrok edegeit.

Jafure 1= - Daiemr _emrok (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)  

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jaim Jaimdd ddy, y, semro semrok k edeg edegei eitt ?? as gmto gmtoke keh h wa watk tk mi ed edeg egei eitt ?? ai tk tkee dast dast.. Xker Xkerejl ejlre, re, stlp stlp olgpmraif mih haspdmy edegeit ms tke lutput.

Xke Rseuhl Olhe lj tke Daiemr _emrok as sklwi ai tke `edlw. Rrloehure  daiemrsemrok (dast, vmdue) Jlr emok edegeit ai tke dast Aj  gmtok  gmtok edegeit 77 vmdue

  Peturi tke edegeit‑s dlomtali Eih aj Eih jlr Eih prloehure @aimry _emrok

Zery ejjaoaeit mih tke jmst semrokaif teokiaques as tke @aimry _emrok. At olgpudslry ieeh tke dast tl `e ai slrteh lrher ai tke @aimry _emrok. (V?sokllds, 02=;) At omi olgpmre tke edegeit watk tke preseit edegeit mt tke oeiter lj tke dast wkei semrokaif mi edegeit. Xke semrok as suooess, aj tke edegeit as gmtokes. Ltkerwase, tke edegeit dast as havaheh ai tl twl pmrts. Lie  pmrt as zerl tl tke gahhde edegeit. Ltker pmrt jrlg gahhde edegeit tl tke dmst edegeit. Xkas  `aimry semrok as olitaiues jrlg eatker lj tke twl pmrts hepeihaif upli wketker tke requareh edegeit as sgmdder lr fremter tkmi tke oeitrmd tkmi tke gahhde edegeit. _emrokaif as hlie ai tke jarst pmrt, aj tke edegeit as sgmdder tkmi tke gahhde edegeit. Ltkerwase, semrokaif as hlie ai tke seolih pmrt. Ms mi exmgpde, at omi olisaher jlddlwaif mrrmy. Xke mrrmy skludh `e slrteh ai tke `aimry semrok. Ai kere, _emrok edegeit as 0?.

0

5

;

=0

=:

0?

?;

5:

60

1=

Xkei, at kms tl jaih tke gah vmdue jarst. Moolrhaif tl tkas exmgpde, tke gah vmdue as tke =:. Aj  tke vmdue lj tke semrok edegeit as dess tkmi gah vmdue, at imrrlw tke dlwer kmdj lj tke mrrmy.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ltkerwase, at imrrlw tke upper kmdj lj tke mrrmy. Xkas prloess as kmppeieh repemtehdy uitad tke vmdue as jluih ms ai tke `edlw jafure.

0? as kafker tkmi =:. Xkerejlre, tkas imrrlws upper kmdj lj tke mrrmy. Dlwer

 

0 2

Upper  5 =

; 0

=0 ?

=: 8

0? 5

?; :

5: 6

60 ;

1= 1

0? as desser tkmi 5:. Xkerejlre, tkas imrrlws dlwer kmdj. Dlwer  

Upper 

0

5

;

=0

=:

0?

?;

5:

60

1=

2

=

0

?

8

5

:

6

;

1

56:

6;0

1=

Jaimddy, jluih tke edegeit 0?. 0? as stlreh ai tke dlomtali 5. Dlwer Upper   

20

=5

0;

=?0

=8:

05?

?:;

Xke Rseuhl Olhe lj tke @aimry _emrok as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

 

Ja ur uree 1? - Rseu Rseuhl hl Olhe Olhe jlr jlr @ai @aimr mr _e _emro mrok k

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkere mre twl wmys lj agpdegeitmtali lj @aimry _emrok. =. Peou Peoursa rsave ve @a @aim imry ry _emr _emrok ok 0. IliIli-Pe Peou oursa rsave ve @aim @aimry ry _emro _emrok k

Peoursave @aimry _emrok

Xke mutklr kms agpdegeiteh @aimry _emrok usaif reoursave mih ili-reoursave mdflratkgs. Ai tke `edlw, at kms sklwi tke agpdegeitmtali lj @aimry _emrok usaif Peoursave Mdflratkgs.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 18 - @aimry _emrok usaif Peoursave Mdflratkgs (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ili-Peoursave @aimry _emrok

@edlw sklws tke agpdegeitmtali lj @aimry _emrok usaif Ili-Peoursave Mdflratkgs.

Jafure 15 - @aimry _emrok usaif Peoursave Mdflratkgs (Mutklr, 02=;)  

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Olgpmre tke Rerjlrgmioe lj Peoursave mih Ili-Peoursave Mdflratkgs

 Ilrgmddy, reoursave gemis tkmt m juiotali omdds atsedj. Xkas gmy ilt `e pdmiieh. Rdmiieh reoursali, wkere m juiotali perjlrgs pmrt lj mi lpermtali, tkei omdds atsedj tl perjlrg tke regmaiaif pmrt, as ljtei m usejud prlfrmggaif pmrmhafg. Gmaidy, reoursali omi `e useh tl repdmoe "repetatali" (dllps) mih tl repdmoe mssloamteh mrrmy mddlomtalis (watk vmram`des dlomd tl tke juiotali `lhy). @ut ilt emok atermtave lr mrrmy-usaif juiotali omi `e ejjeotavedy oliverteh tl ats reoursave equavmdeit. At omi ljtei wrate m reoursave versali tkmt as m`lut equavmdeit ai exeoutali ejjaoaeioy tl tke ili-reoursave versali, gmy`e sdafktdy `etter lr wlrse hepeihaif li klw ejjaoaeit tke omdd geokmi geo kmiasg asg as olgpmr olgpmreh eh tl dllpai dllpaif f mih mrrmy mrrmy aihexa aihexaif if ai tke dmifum dmifumfe/o fe/olgp lgpader ader,, aj   tke  prl`deg as suatm`de jlr reoursali Ai tergs lj stlrmfe, reoursali as rmredy glre ejjaoaeit, `ut at  `eiejats jrlg ilt kmvaif tl pre-mddlomte (mih pre-cilw tke saze lj tke mddlomtali) jlr tke  pmrtaoudmr prl`deg mt kmih. Glstdy Gls tdy reoursali reoursali as `etter `etter tkmi tkmi ili-re ili-reour oursav savee (wkei (wkei at motumdd motumddy y as) `eomus `eomusee at gmces gmces mi agpdegeitmtali guok sagpder mih dess errlr-prlie, mih errlrs mre `y jmr tke `affest olst ai olgputaif. (Mih lj olurse agprlperdy hlie at omi olst ylu `af tage ms wedd.) @y olisaheraif m`lve jew jmots, at omi olioduhe tkmt tke reoursave mdflratkg as `etter tkmi ili-reoursave mdflratkg.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit ?.0.. _lrt ?.0 _lrt tke mrrmy mrrmy favei favei `edlw `edlw watk watk twl hajje hajjere reit it mdflra mdflratkg tkgss mih olgpmr olgpmree tke perjlrgmioe. perjlrgmi oe. {=0, ?5, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11} (DL =.0)  _lrtaif Mdflratkgs _lrtaif

_lrtaif as mi mrrmifegeit _lrtaif mrrmifegeit lj hmtm ai m pmrtaoudmr jlrgmt. _lrtaif _lrtaif mdflratkgs mdflratkgs stmte tke wmy lj  mrrmifaif ai m pmrtaoudmr lrher. Lrher omi `e tmcei ms msoeihaif lr hesoeihaif lrher. _lrtaif as very usejud tl sklw hmtm ai m glre remhm`de jlrgmts. (Xutlramdsplait, 02=;) Ai tke remd daje, at ieeh tl semrok jlr gmiy tkaifs suok ms reolrhs ai hmtm`mse, tedepklie iug`er iug `erss ai tedepkl tedepklie ie hareotl hareotlry, ry, pmrtao pmrtaoudm udmrr pmfes pmfes ai m `llc `llc mih glre. Xkese tkaif tkaifss fet hajjaoudt, aj tke hmtm wms cept uislrteh lr uilrhereh wmy. _lrtaif olioept omge aitl exasteioe jlrtuimtedy. At gmces emsy tl mrrmife hmtm ai mi lrher. Xkerejlre, at gmces emsy tl semrok hmtm. Hmtm as mrrmife ai mi lrher ai slrtaif tkmt gmces emsaer tl semrok. Xkere mre hajjereit mdflratkgs tl slrt hmtm. Hajjereit _lrtaif Mdflratkgs Hajjere Haj jereit it teokia teokiaque quess omi `e seei seei jlr slrtaif slrtaif.. Xkese Xkese teokia teokiaque quess mre hajjere hajjereit it jrlg jrlg tkear  tkear 

ejjaoaeioy mih spmoe requaregeits. _lge lj tke slrtaif teokiaques mre, =. Aise Aisert rtal ali i _lr _lrtt 0. @u``de _l _lrt ?. _ede _edeot otal ali i _lr _lrtt 8. ]uaoc _l _lrt  Aisertali _lrt

Xkas as m sagpde slrtaif mdflratkg. At gmces tke jaimd slrteh mrrmy lie edegeit mt m tage. Aisertali slrt as dess ejjaoaeit li dmrfe dasts tkmi ltker slrt mdflratkgs. (Nmvm0ilvaoe, 02=;) Aisertali slrt as ejjaoaeit jlr sgmdder hmtm sets. At omi jlddlw jlddlwaif steps ai aisertali slrt. 

Jarst edegeit as mdremhy slrteh. At returis =.



At omi stmrt `y gmcaif tke seolih edegeit lj tke favei mrrmy, edegeit mt aihex =, tke cey.



Olgpmre Olgp mre tke cey edegeit watk tke edegeit `ejlre at, ai tkas omse, edegeit mt aihex 2. Aisert tke cey edegeit `ejlre tke jarst edegeit, aj tke cey edegeit as dess tkmi tke jarst edegeit. Mih aisert at mjter tke jarst edegeit, aj tke cey edegeit as fremter tkmi tke jarst edegeit.



Xkei, at tmces tkarh edegeit lj tke mrrmy ms cey mih at wadd olgpmre watk edegeits mih aisert at mt tke olrreot plsatali.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit 

Pepemt tkas prloess uitad tke judd mrrmy as slrteh.

At represeits m prloess lj aisertali slrt ai tke `edlw jafure.

Jafure 1: - Rrloess lj Aisertali _lrt (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit @u``de _lrt

@u``de slrt as mdsl m sagpde mdflratkg tkmt olgpmres tke jarst edegeit lj tke mrrmy tl tke iext lie. Xke edegeits mre swmppeh, aj tke ourreit edegeit lj tke mrrmy as iugeraomddy fremter tkmi tke iext lie. Xkas prloess wadd kmppei repemtehdy tkrlufk tke eitare edegeits lj tke mrrmy. (Furu11, 02=;) Aj miy mrrmy ieeh tl `e slrteh ai msoeihaif lrher, `u``de slrt wadd stmrt `y olgpmraif tke jarst edegeitt lj tke mrrmy watk tke seolih edeg edegei edegeit. eit. @ltk edegeits mre swmp, aj tke jarst edegeit as fremter tkmi tke seolih edegeit. Xkei tmce seolih mih tkarh edegeits mih olgpmre. Rrloeeh tkas prloess uitad tke mrrmy as slrteh. Lvermdd Lve rmdd,, tke slrtai slrtaif f as kmppei kmppeieh eh `y steppai steppaif f tkrlu tkrlufk fk mdd tke edegei edegeits ts lie-`y lie-`y-li -liee mih olgpmre at watk tke iemr`y edegeit mih swmppaif tkeg aj ieoessmry. Vkei olisaheraif tke `edlw mrrmy, at omi slrt `y usaif `u``de slrt. 82

02

:2

=2

52

?2

M`lve mrrmy omi `e slrt usaif `u``de slrt ms ai tke `edlw steps. Ai tke `u``de slrt, olgpmre iemr`y edegeits mih swmp tkeg aj tkey mre lut lj lrher. Ai emok satumtali, dmrfest edegeit wadd `e glveh ms ats suatm`de pdmoe. Ai tke m`lve mrrmy, jarstdy 02 mih 82 olgpmreh. Okeoc 82902. Olihatali as true. Xkerejlre, 82 mih 02 wadd `e swmppeh. Xkei, 82 mih :2 wadd `e olgpmreh, okeoc 829:2. Olihatali as jmdse. Xkerejlre, ilt ieeh tl swmp mih fl mkemh.

Xkei, :2 mih =2 wadd `e olgpmreh, okeoc :29=2. Olihatali as true. Xkerejlre, :2 mih =2 wadd  `e swmppeh.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkei, :2 mih ?2 wadd `e olgpmreh, okeoc :29?2. Olihatali as true. Xkerejlre, :2 mih ?2 wadd  `e swmppeh mih dmrfest edegeit :2 `u``deh up up mt ats suatm`de pdmoe.

Pepemt tke steps jlr regmaiaif uislrteh su` mrrmy mih every satumtali tkrlufk tke mrrmy pdmoes tke iext dmrfest vmdue ai ats suatm`de pdmoe.

(Nmvm`ypmted, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit _edeotali _lrt

Ai tke _edeotali slrt, at slrts mi mrrmy `y repemtehdy jaihaif tke sgmddest edegeit (olisaheraif msoeihaif lrher) jrlg uislrteh pmrt mih pdmoaif at mt tke `efaiiaif. (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;) Ai tkas slrtaif teokiaque, tke mdflratkg olitmais twl su` mrrmys ai m favei mrrmy. =. Md Mdrem remhy hy slrte slrteh h ssu` u` mr mrrmy rmy 0. Uisl Uislrt rteh eh regm regmai aiai aif f su` mrrm mrrmy y Ai tke sedeotali slrt, tke sgmddest edegeit (olisaheraif msoeihaif lrher) jrlg tke uislrteh su` mrrmy as paoceh mih glveh tl tke slrteh su` mrrmy. At omi uiherstmih tke sedeotali slrt `y usaif `edlw exmgpde. At omi olisaher `edlw mrrmy. mrr SW 7 :? 08 =? 0? =2

Jarst, jaih tke sgmddest edegeit ai mrr S2...8W mih pdmoe at mt `efaiiaif =2 08 =? 0? :?

Mih, jaih sgmddest edegeit ai mrr S=…8W mih pdmoe at mt `efaiiaif lj mrr S=…8W =2 =? 08 0? :?

Jaih sgmddest edegeit ai mrr S0…8W mih pdmoe at mt `efaiiaif lj mrr S0…8W =2 =? 0? 08 :?

Jaih sgmddest edegeit ai mrr S?…8W mih pdmoe at mt `efaiiaif lj mrr S?…8W =2 =? 0? 08 :?

Jaimddy, at omi see tkmt tke mrrmy as mdremhy slrteh. =2 =? 0? 08 :?

@edlw jafure mdsl sklws klw at wlrcs ai tke sedeotali slrt.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure 16 ‟ Pepreseitmtali lj _edeotali _lrt (V?_oklld, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

At omi olisaher m`lut m prlfrmg tkmt as wrattei tl slrt mi mrrmy usaif sedeotali slrt.

Jafure 1; - _edeotali _lrt (Nmvm0ilvaoe, 02=;) Lutput> 0, 6, =2, ?8, 80, 5:, :6, ;;

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit ]uaoc _lrt

]uaoc slrt as wahedy useh slrtaif mdflratkg teokiaque. At as `mseh li Havahe mih Oliquer  olioept. Ai tkas slrt, every kemvy wlrc as hlie wkade havahaif tke mrrmy aitl su` mrrmys. Xkas slrt as cilwi Rmrtali-exokmife slrt mdsl. (_tuhytliafkt, 02=;) _lge steps kmve tl jlddlw ai tke quaoc slrt. 

Mi edegeit as sedeoteh jrlg m favei mrrmy. Xkas sedeoteh edegeit as imgeh ms —Ravlt Edegeit‗. Ms mi exmgpde, sedeot tke gahhde edegeit lj tke mrrmy.



Xkei, pdmoe mdd tke edegeits wkaok mre sgmdder tkmi tke pavlt edegeit ai lie mrrmy mih dmrfer mdd edegeits pdmoeh ai miltker mrrmy.



Xkei, mppdy quaoc slrt tl tkeg mih slrt `ltk mrrmys.



Jaimddy, olg`aie slrteh mrrmys.

Usaif `edlw jafure, at omi fet odemr ahem m`lut tke quaoc slrt.

Jafure 11 - Pepreseit lj ]uaoc _lrt (Xecgmrmtkli, 02=;)

Rseuhl olhe jlr tke quaoc slrt as favei `edlw.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =22 - Rseuhl Olhe jlr ]uaoc _lrt (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;)

Xke mutklr kms slrt tkas mrrmy {=0, 05, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11}  usaif Aisertali _lrt mih @u``de _lrt.

Agpdegeitmtali lj Aisertali _lrt Mdflratkg tl _lrt   tke Mrrmy {=0, 05, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11}

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke mutklr kms slrt tke m`lve mrrmy usaif aisertali slrt mdflratkg. At kms sklwi tke mdflratkg tkmt as useh tl slrt m`lve mrrmy ai tke `edlw.

Jafure =2= - Agpdegeitmtali lj Aisertali _lrt Mdflratkg (Mutklr, 02=;)

Agpdegeitmtali Agpdegeitmt ali lj @u``de _lrt Mdflratkg tl _lrt tke Mrrmy {=0, 05, ?2, ;5, :1, =20, 11}

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke mutklr kms slrt m`lve mrrmy usaif `u``de slrt mdflratkg mdsl. Ai tke `edlw sklws tke mdflratkg.

Jafure =20 - Agpdegeitmtali lj @u``de _lrt Mdflratkg (Mutklr, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Olgpmre tke Rerjlrgmioe lj Aisertali _lrt mih @u``de _lrt Mdflratkgs

Rerjlrgmioe lj miy mdflratkg hepeihs li tke iug`er lj olgpmrasli mih iug`er lj tages tmcei tl swmp lj dast edegeits. Rerjlrgmioe hajjer jrlg mdflratkg tl mdflratkg. Xke `est omse jlr aisertali slrt loours wkei tke dast as mdremhy slrteh. Ai kere, aisertali slrt kms m daiemr  ruiiaif tage (L (I)). Huraif every repetatali, tke jarst regmaiaif ilhe lj tke aiput as lidy olgpmreh watk tke rafkt glst edegeit lj tke slrteh pmrt lj tke mrrmy. Xke wlrst omse jlr  aisertali aisert ali slrt loours mi mrrmy slrteh ai reverse lrher. Xke olddeotali olddeotali lj mdd wlrst omse aiputs olitmais lj mdd mrrmys wkere every edegeit as tke dlwest lr seolih dlwest lj tke edegeits  `ejlre at. Ai tkas omse, aisertali slrt kms m qumhrmtao ruiiaif tage (L (I 0)). Xke mvermfee omse as mdsl kms m qumhrmtao. Aisertali mvermf Aisertali slrt as m jmst mdflratkgs mdflratkgs jlr slrtaif very sgmdd mrrmys. Aisertali slrt as glstdy sagadmr tl tke @u``de slrt. Xke perjlrgmioe `etweei tke @u``de slrt mih tke Aisertali slrt as hepeih li klw gmiy tages edegeit as swmppeh mih tke il lj olgpmraslis. olgpmraslis. Ai kere, `u``des `u``des slrt perjlrgs glre swmps ai every pmss, at wadd ol olgpdete gpdete tke tke sl slrt rtai aif f tk tkee dast dast qu quao aocd cdy y tk tkmi mi ai aiser serta tali li slrt slrt.. @u`` @u``de de slrt slrt wadd wadd md mdwm wmys ys ol olgp gpmr mree tw twl l sequeitamd edegeits ai tke dast. Mih aj tke edegeit mre lut lj lrher, tkey wadd swmp. Aj we stmrtaif mt tke `efaiiaif lj tke dast, tkmt mt every pmss tkrlufk tke mdflratkg, tke `affest regmaiaif edegeit ai tke dast wadd `e pdmoeh mt ats suatm`de pdmoe ai tke dast. Vkei tke dast as mdremhy slrteh, tke `est omse jlr `u``de slrt loours. Ai kere, `u``de slrt gmces lie pmss lver tke dast, perjlrgaif il swmps mih I-= olgpmraslis. Vkei tke dast as ai reverse lrher, tke wlrst omse jlr `u``de slrt loours. Ai kere, emok edegeit wadd kmve tl `e swmppeh watk every ltker ateg li every pmss lver tke mdflratkg. Xkere wadd `e L (I0) olgpmrasli olgp mrasliss ai tke `u``de slrt. Xkere mre L (I0) swmps ai `u``de slrt. Xke mvermfe omse lj  tke `u``de slrt dllcs dace tke wlrst omse, L (I0) olgpmraslis mih L (I0) swmps. Xke trmheljj as tkmt at gmy `e m`de tl hl kmdj ms gmiy repetatalis, li mvermfe. Klwever, at omi olioduhe tkmt tke `u``de slrt perjlrgs `etter tkmi aisertali slrt ai tergs lj tke iug`er lj olgpmraslis, wkei olisaheraif m`lve jmots.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit ?.?. Expdmai olggli straif lpermtalis suok ms oliomteimtali, su`straif, eto., mdsl stmte tkear prmotaomd mppdaomtalis `y favaif suatm`de exmgpdes. (DL ?.=) (G=.?) _traif

_traif _trai f as mi l`neot tkmt represeits m seraes lj okmrmoters. (Eurecm, (Eurecm, 02=;) Gmaidy, _traif as mi mrrmy lj okmrmoters. Xkere slge syitmx exmgpde lj _traif sklwi ai tke `edlw. _yitmx tkmt represeiteh ms _traif as mi mrrmy lj okmrmoters. 

Jafure =2? - _yitmx lj _traif as mi Mrrmy Okmrmoters (Furu11, 02=;)



_yitmx tkmt represeiteh ms _traif as ilt mi mrrmy _traif str 7 —NMZM‗3

_traif Lpermtalis

_traif lpermtalis mddlw tl perjlrg hajjereit gmiapudmtalis li m _traif. At omi aheitajy vmralus _traif Lpermtalis. _lge lj tkeg mre, =. Olio Oliomt mtei eimt mtal ali i 0. Deiftk ?. _u`straif 8. Xrag 5. OlgpmreXl Oliomteimtali

_agpdy, oliomteimtali as olg`aiaif lj twl lr glre _traifs tlfetker. Nlais m straif tl tke eih lj miltker straif. Jaimddy, returis m olg`aieh straif. (Ehurecm, 02=;) Oliomteimte straif mot ms m iew miltker straif. At omi oliomt straif ai twl wmys suok ms `y + lpermtlr mih `y oliomt () getklh.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Exmgpdes lj Oliomteimtali Oliomteimtali

@y usaif + lpermtlr, at omi mhh straifs. At gemis oliomt straifs. Oliomteimtali lpermtlr (+) omi oliomt `ltk straif mih pragatave vmdues. Ms mi exmgpde, Exmgpde 2=>

Jafure =28 - Exmgpde jlr _traif Oliomteimtali (@dlf_plt, 02=;)

 

Lutput> Zarmt Clkda 

@y usaif oliomt () getklh, at omi oliomt straifs. Ai tkas getklh, oliomt tke speoajaeh straif tl tke eih lj exastaif straif.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Exmgpde 20>

Jafure =25 - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali (Nmi`msctrmaiaif, 02=;) Lutput> wedolge`moc  Exmgpde 2?>

@edlw sklws miltker exmgpde lj oliomteimtali lj straif usaif oliomt () getklh.

Jafure =2: - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali (@efaiiers@llc, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Lutput> Vedolge tl _traif Kmihdaif

 

Xkas as nust m _traif

Vkei olgpmraif watk Exmgpde 20, at omi odemrdy see tke oliomteimtaif gudtapde straifs omi  `e hlie ai lie daie mdsl ms ai tke Exmgpde Exmgpde 2?. At rehuoes tke iug`er lj daies lj tke prlfrmg. At as emsady wrate usaif jew daies. Exmgpde 28>

@edlw exmgpde as useh tl oliomt spmoes mih speoamd syg`lds. At gemis, at gmces tke spmoe mglif straifs wkei oliomteimtaif tke straifs.

Jafure =26 - Exmgpde lj _traif Oliomteimtali (Nmvmtplait, 02=;) Lutput> Keddl Nmvmtplait Pemher 

 

Keddl!!!

 

KeddlBNmvmtplait

At omi use tkas straif lpermtalis prmotaomddy. Xke mutklr kms oremte slge sagpde mppdaomtalis tl sklw klw tkese lpermtalis mre perjlrgeh.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@edlw sklws mi mppdaomtali tkmt as oremteh tl sklw tke Oliomteimtali mih Deiftk straif lpermtalis. lperm talis. Ai kere, moolrhaif moolrhaif tl tkas mppdaomtali mppdaomtali wkei eiteraif twl hajjereit hajjereit straif vmdues mih pressaif tke Oliomteimtali `uttli, tke resudt straif as sklwi ai tke gessmfe `lx ms ai tke  `edlw jafure `y oliomteimtaif tkese twl eiteraif vmdues.

Jafure =2; - Aiterjmoe lj Oliomteimtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xke sluroe olhe jlr tke m`lve mppdaomtali as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

Jafure =21 - Olhe lj Oliomteimtali (Mutklr, 02=;)

Deiftk

Xl returis m deiftk lj m _traif, at omi use _traif deiftk () getklh. Deiftk lj miy straif as equmd tl tke iug`er lj =:-`at Uiaolhe okmrmoters ai tke _traif.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Exmgpdes lj Deiftk Exmgpde 2=>

Jafure ==2 - Exmgpde lj _traif Deiftk Lutput> _traif Deiftk> 01

 

(Xutlramdsplait, 02=;)

_traif Deiftk> 1

Moolrhaif tl m`lve exmgpde, _tr=, _tr0 mre _traif l`neots tkmt heodmre ai tke prlfrmg. Deiftk () getklh as returis m deiftk lj _tr= mih _tr0. Xkerejlre, 01 as tke deiftk lj _traif —Vedolge tl Xutlramdsplait.olg‗ mih 1 as tke deiftk lj _traif —Xutlramds‗.

Exmgpde 20>

Vkei olgpmraif tkas exmgpde watk tke exmgpde 2=, tkas as hajjereit. Ai kere, at olisaher m`lut tke olihatali mdsl. _traif vmram`de as heodmreh mih mssafi at tl m vmdue. Xkei, okeoc straif as egpty lr ilt. At gemis, tke deiftk as fremter tkmi 2. Aj at as, prait tke deiftk. Ltkerwase, okeoc tke vmdue as equmd tl 2. Aj at as, prait lutput ms 2. At gemis, tke deiftk as 2.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure === - Exmgpde lj _traif Deiftk (Nmvmtplait, 02=;) Lutput> _traif as ilt egpty mih deiftk as> =2  

_traif as egpty ilw> 2

Xkas lpermtali as mdsl omi `e useh ms m prmotaomddy ms ai tke `edlw mppdaomtali. _mge ms tke oliomteimtali, ai kere `y eiteraif straif vmdue mih pressaif tke `uttli, at omi l`tmai tke deiftk lj tke straif ms tke resudt ai tke gessmfe hamdlf `lx.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure ==0 - Aiterjmoe jlr _traif Deiftk (Mutklr, 02=;) Xke sluroe olhe as sklwi ai tke `edlw redmteh tl tkas mppdaomtali.

Jafure ==? - Olhe lj _traif Deiftk (Mutklr, 02=;)

_u`straif

Xkas as useh tl fet m su`straif lj m pmrtaoudmr _traif. (@efaiiers@llc, 02=;) _u`straif () getklh kms twl jlrgs.

=. _traif _traif su`stra su`straif if (ait (ait `efaiA `efaiAihe ihex) x)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

0. _traif su`straif su`straif (ait `efaiAihex `efaiAihex,, ait ait eihAihe eihAihex) x) _traif su`straif (ait `efaiAihex)

Ai kere, kere, returis returis tke su`stra su`straif if `efaii `efaiiaif aif jrlg jrlg tke hejaia hejaiate te aihex aihex (`efai (`efaiAih Aihex) ex) uitad uitad tke olgpdetali lj tke straif. Ms mi exmgpde, _traif str 7 "@efaiiers"3 _ysteg.lut.praitdi (str.su`straif (0))3 Lutput>  efaiiers _traif su`straif (ait `efaiAihex, ait eihAihex)

At returis tke su`straif `efaiiaif jrlg tke favei aihex (`efaiAihex) uitad tke speoajaeh aihex (eihAihex). Ms mi exmgpde, _traif str 7 —@efaiiers "3 _ysteg.lut.praitdi (str.su`straif (0, :))3 Lutput> eifai Exmgpdes lj _u`straif Exmgpde 2=>

Ai

Jafure ==8 - Exmgpde lj _u`straif (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;) tke m`lve exmgpde, heodmre _tr straif l`neot mih tkei fet su`straif usaif su`straif () getklh. Peturis tke lutput ms jlddlws. Lutput> feecsjlrfeecs

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Exmgpde 20>

 

Jafure ==5 - Exmgpde lj _u`straif (Nquery-mz, 02=;) Lutput> feecsjlrfeecs

Xke mutklr kms oremteh mi mppdaomtali tl sklw tke prmotaomd satumtali lj usaif su`straif lpermtali ms ai tke `edlw. At kms mdremhy geitalieh wkmt as su`straif lpermtali m`lut. Usaif  `edlw at omi uiherstmih, klw tkas lpermtali useh prmotaomddy. @y eiteraif straif vmdue mih  `efai aihex ms tke vmdue jaedh, tke resudt omi `e tmcei `y pressaif Pesudt `uttli.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xke agpdegeitaif olhe omi `e sklwi ms jlddlws jlr tkas mppdaomtali.

Jafure ==6 - Olhe lj _u`straif (Mutklr, 02=;)

Xrag

Xkas as useh tl tmce m straif wkaok vmdue as tkas straif, watk miy demhaif mih arrefudmr  wkatespmoe reglveh. Aj m straif l`neot heiltes mi egpty okmrmoter lrher lr tke jarst mih dmst okmrmoters lj okmrmoter mrrmifegeit heilteh `y tkas straif l`neot `ltk kmve olhes fremter tkmi 'Tu2202' (tke spmoe okmrmoter), tkei m geitali tl tkas straif l`neot as returieh. Xkei, m straif l`neot heiltaif mi egpty straif as returieh, aj tkere mre il okmrmoters watk m olhe fremter tkmi 'Tu2202' ai tke straif. (V?resluroe, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

At omi uiherstmih m`lut tke trag usaif `edlw jafure.

Jafure ==; - Pepreseit lj Xrag (Feecsjlrfeecs, 02=;,) Ai sagpdy, ai tke trag at okeocs tke Uiaolhe vmdue lj spmoe okmrmoter (‛Tu2202‑) `ejlre mih mjter tke straif. Aj tke vmdue exasts, tkei reglves tke spmoes mih returi tke lgatteh straif.

Exmgpdes lj Xrag Exmgpde 2=>

Ai kere, at reglves tke spmoes mih returi mih prait tke lgatteh straif ms ai tke `edlw jafure.

Jafure ==1 - Exmgpde lj Xrag (Ehurecm, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Lutput> keddl klw mre ylu

 

keddlklwmreylu

Exmgpde 20>

@edlw exmgpde as slgewkmt hajjereit tkmi m`lve lie. Ai kere, reglves mdd tke trmadaif spmoes ms wedd ms tke deiftk lj straif mdsl rehuoes.

Jafure =02 - Exmgpde lj Xrag (Nmvmtplait, 02=;) Lutput> 00

 

keddl nmvm straif

 

=6

 

keddl nmvm straif

@edlw @ed lw mppdaom mppdaomtal tali i sklws sklws klw klw at perjlr perjlrg g ai tke trag trag staif staif lpermta lpermtali li ai prmota prmotaomdd omddy. y. @y eiteraif straif vmdue mih press Pesudt `uttli, at omi fet tke resudt lj tke straif. Xke mutklr kms expdmaieh m`lut tke trag straif lpermtali emrdaer. Xkerejlre, at omi uiherstmih wkmt kmppeieh ai tkas mppdaomtali.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =0= - Aiterjmoe lj Xrag (Mutklr, 02=;) Xke sluroe olhe as sklwi ai tke `edlw.

Jafure =00 - Olhe lj Xrag (Mutklr, 02=;)

OlgpmreXl

Moolrhaif tl tkas lpermtali, at olgpmres ourreit straif watk m favei straif. Xkei returis m  plsatave iug`er, iefmtave iug`er lr 2. Xkas olgpmres straifs li tke `efaiiaif lj Uiaolhe vmdue lj every okmrmoter ai tke straifs. (Nmvmtplait, 02=;)

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Ai kere, at returis plsatave iug`er (hajjereioe lj okmrmoter vmdue), aj tke jarst straif as fremter  tkmi seolih straif. Mih mdsl, at returis iefmtave iug`er, aj jarst straif as dess tkmi seolih straif. Jarst straif as equmd tl seolih straif, at returis 2. Exmgpdes lj OlgpmreXl Exmgpde 2=>

Moolrhaif tl `edlw exmgpde, at kms olisahereh m`lut tkree straifs mih olgpmraif tkeg emok ltker `y usaif OlgpmreXl () getklh.

Jafure =0? - Exmgpde lj OlgpmreXl (@efaiiers`llc, 02=;) Lutput> str= & str0 olgpmrasli> -=:

str= & str? olgpmrasli> 2 str0 & straif mrfugeit olgpmrasli> 2

 

Exmgpde 20>

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xkas exmgpde as hajjereit jrlg m`lve exmgpde. At gemis, at kms olisahereh m`lut egpty straif mdsl wkei olgpmraif. Aj miylie olgpmres straif watk egpty straif, at returis m deiftk lj tke straif. Xke resudt wadd `e plsatave, aj tke seolih straif as egpty. Mih mdsl, tke resudt wadd `e iefmtave, aj tke jarst straif as egpty.

Jafure =08 - Exmgpde lj OlgpmreXl (Nmvmtplait, 02=;) Lutput> 5

 

-0

OLIODU_ALI

Xkas Xk as stuh stuhy y as `m `mse seh h li Hmtm Hmtm _tru _truot otur ures es mi mih h Md Mdfl flra ratk tkgs gs.. Ai tk tkas as om omse, se, tk tkee mu mutk tklr lr km kmss

agpdegeiteh m pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali. Ai tke emrdaer, tke mutklr hles ilt kms m odemr ahem

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

m`lut m pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali. @ut, wkei hevedlpaif tkas mppdaomtali tke mutklr oludh `e m`de tl fet odemr cilwdehfe m`lut tke pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali. Xke mutklr kms useh `ltk ai  `uadh odmss ai tke nmvm mih oremte stmoc odmss odms s watk stmoc lpermtalis. Xkerejlre, at oludh `e m`de tl fet wedd experaeioe lj usaif stmoc lpermtalis. Xke mutklr kms favei mtteitali jlr tke errlr  kmihdaif mdsl wkei hevedlpaif kmihdaif hevedlpaif tkas mppdaomtali mppdaomtali.. At kms kmihdeh tke iudd plaiter plaiter exoeptali exoeptali ai tkas mppdaomtali. Ai kere, mutklr kms stuhy m`lut types lj exoeptalis mih getklhs lj kmihdaif exoeptalis. Rrmotaomddy, tke mutklr kms useh try omtok `dloc tl kmihde exoeptalis. Ilt lidy tkmt tkmt,, tke tke mu mutk tklr lr km kmss pr prep epmr mreh eh us user er gmiu gmiumd md jl jlrr tk tkas as mp mppd pdaom aomta tali li.. At ke kedp dpss tl tk tkee us user er tl uiherstmih klw tl use tkas mppdaomtali. Moolrhaif tl tkas stuhy, tke mutklr kms tl agpdegeit m Da`rmry _ysteg usaif queue mih daiceh dai ceh dast hmtm hmtm struotu struotures. res. Gmaidy Gmaidy,, tkas tkas systeg systeg prlvah prlvahes es m `llc `llc reservm reservmtal tali i jmoada jmoadaty ty jlr  geg`ers. Ai tkas omse, queue lpermtalis mih daiceh dast lpermtalis mre useh. ]ueue mih daiceh dast lpermtalis mre useh tl oremte juiotalis mih odmsses lj tkas systeg. Xke mutklr oludh `e m`de tl fet odemr cilwdehfe m`lut queue mih daiceh dast hmtm struotures. Mjter agpdegeitaif tke systeg, tke mutklr kms testeh tkas systeg sepmrmtedy. sepmrmtedy. @y usaif tke testaif, tke mutklr omi uiherstmih wkmt mre tke errlrs omi loour ai tke systeg mih klw tl jax tkeg. At kms fet fllh  prmotaomd experaeioe m`lut tke systeg tkmt wms gmhe jrlg hmtm struotures. Xke mutklr kms remdazeh tkmt tke testaif as agplrtmit mih esseitamd tkaif wkei agpdegeitaif m systeg. Vkei testaif tke systeg, tke mutklr kms fet slge jmad test omses mdsl. At wms m gastmce lj tke mutklr. Ms mi exmgpde, ai tkas systeg, at kms ilt dlmhaif tke hmtm wkei odaocaif. At wms mi assue aheitajaeh `y tke testaif. Xke mutklr kms prepmreh tkas assue `y gmcaif okmifes tl tke sluroe olhe. Xkei, tkas juiotali wlrcs prlperdy. Ai ke kere re,, tk tkee mu mutk tklr lr km kmss agpd agpdeg egei eitt m `aim `aimry ry se semro mrok k us usai aif f re reou oursa rsave ve mi mih h il ilii-re reou ours rsav avee mdflratkgs. mdflr atkgs. Xke mutklr kms gmhe m stuhy m`lut semrokaif semrokaif mdflratkgs. mdflratkgs. At gemis daiemr semrok mdflratkgs mdflr atkgs mih `aimry `aimry semrok mdflratkgs. mdflratkgs. Mih tke mutklr kms olgpmre olgpmre perjlrgmioe perjlrgmioe lj tkese mdflratkgs. Ilt lidy tkmt, tke mutklr kms fet odemr cilwdehfe m`lut slrtaif mdflratkgs mdsl usaif tkas stuhy. At kms stuhy hajjereit slraif mdflratkgs suok ms aisertali slrt, `u``de slrt, sedeotali slrt mih quaoc slrt mih olgpmre perjlrgmioe lj slge lj tklse mdflratkgs.

Jaimddy, ai tkas stuhy, tke mutklr oludh `e m`de tl stuhy m`lut olggli straif lpermtalis suok ms oliomteimtali, deiftk, su`straif, trag, olgpmretl. Xke mutklr sklws exmgpdes jlr tkese lpermtalis `y gmcaif lpermtalis gmcaif prmotaomd prmotaomd mppdaomtali mppdaomtalis. s. Xke mutklr kms suffest suffest slge agprlvegeits agprlvegeits tl tkese tke se mppdao mppdaomta mtali li suok suok ms pmdaih pmdaihrlg rlgee mppdao mppdaomtal mtali i mih da`rmry da`rmry systeg systeg.. At omi suffes suffestt tl

agprlve tke pmdaihrlge mppdaomtali ms tl fet tke dlifest pmdaihrlge straif mglif set lj 

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

 pmdaihrlge straifs. At gemis, `y eiteraif set s et lj pmdaihrlge straifs, at wadd m`de tl sklw wkmt tke dlifest pmdaihrlge wlrh ms tke lutput. Ilt lidy tkmt, at omi suffest tl agprlve tkas mppdaomtali mppda omtali ms tl see wketker tke iug`ers mre pmdaihrlge pmdaihrlge lr ilt. Ai kere, at hles ilt okeocs straifs. At kms lidy okeoc tke pmdaihrlge iug`ers. Jlr tke da`rmry systeg, at omi suffest tl agprlve ltker juiotali ms Zaew geg`er. At gemis, at omi see mdd tke geg`ers wkl gmcaif reservm rese rvmtal tali i ai tm`de. tm`de. At omi fet geg`er geg`erss eiters eiters tl tke queue queue wkei wkei reserva reservaif if m `llc. `llc. @y agprlvaif tke m`lve agprlvegeits, tke mutklr omi agprlve tkas systeg guok glre ejjeotave mih kafk perjlrgmioe ai tke juture.

PEJEPEIOE_

Mdfldast.iet (02=;) saifdy (02=;) saifdy daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttp>//www.mdfldast.iet/Hmtm\struotures/_aifdy-daiceh\dast kttp>//www.mdfldast.iet/Hmtm\struotures/_aifdy-daiceh\dast  SMooesseh li =8tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

@efaiiers`llc.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif olgpmretl getklh exmgpde SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl-getklh-exmgpde/  kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl-getklh-exmgpde/ SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W @efaiiers`llc.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif oliomt getklh exmgpde SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> tk

kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-oliomt-getklh-exmgpde/ SMooesseh li 28  lj  kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-oliomt-getklh-exmgpde/  Heoeg`er 02=; @efaiiers`llc.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif su`straif getklh exmgpde SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-su`straif-getklh-exmgpde/  SMooesseh li 28tk kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/=0/nmvm-straif-su`straif-getklh-exmgpde/ lj Heoeg`er 02=;W @efaiiers`llc.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm tkrlws SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/28/nmvm-tkrlws/  kttps>//`efaiiers`llc.olg/02=?/28/nmvm-tkrlws/ SMooesseh li 21tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Olhe`urst.al (02=;) semrokaif (02=;) semrokaif mih slrtaif mdflratkgs mdflratkgs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//olhe`urst.al/mdflratkgs-a-semrokaif-mih-slrtaif-mdflratkgs-5:816h`mej02  SMooesseh kttps>//olhe`urst.al/mdflratkgs-a-semrokaif-mih-slrtaif-mdflratkgs-5:816h`mej02 tk

li 0;  lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Os.ogu.ehu (02=;) daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.os.ogu.ehu/~mhmgokac/=5=0=/deotures/Daiceh%02Dasts/daiceh%02dasts.ktgd  SMooesseh li =5tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W =0=/deotures/Daiceh%02Dasts/daiceh%02dasts.ktgd Os-juihmgeitmds.olg (02=;) wkmt as mi mdflratkg SlidaieW. mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttp>//osjuihmgeitmds.olg/teok-aitervaew/hsm/wkmt-as-mi-mdflratkg.pkp  SMooesseh li 0;tk lj juihmgeitmds.olg/teok-aitervaew/hsm/wkmt-as-mi-mdflratkg.pkp  Ilveg`er 02=;W Hooo.ehu (02=;) exoeptali kmihdaif  SlidaieW.  SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.hooo.ehu/sates/hejmudt/jades/jmoudty/waddamg\gmidey/exoeptali-kmihdaif.phj   SMooesseh li 21tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Hevedlperaisaher.ol (02=;) aitrlhuotali tl hmtm struotures mih mdflratkgs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//hevedlperaisaher.ol/aitrlhuotali-tl-hmtm-struotures-mih-mdflratkgs/  kttps>//hevedlperaisaher.ol/aitrlhuotali-tl-hmtm-struotures-mih-mdflratkgs/  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Ehurecm.ol (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.ehurecm.ol/`dlf/nmvmstraif/  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W straif/ Ehurecm.ol (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.ehurecm.ol/`dlf/nmvmstraif/  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W straif/ Ehurecm.ol (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straifs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.ehurecm.ol/`dlf/nmvmstraif/  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W straif/ Feecsjlrfeecs.lrf (02=;) daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/hmtm-struotures/daiceh-dast/ kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/hmtm-struotures/daiceh-dast/  SMooesseh li =8tk lj Ilveg`er

02=;W

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Feecsjlrfeecs.lrf (02=;) quaoc slrt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/quaoc-slrt/ SMooesseh kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/quaoc-slrt/ SMooesseh li 2?rh lj Heoeg`er 02=;W Feecsjlrfeecs.lrf (02=;) sedeotali (02=;) sedeotali slrt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/sedeotali-slrt/ SMooesseh li 2=st lj Heoeg`er 02=;W kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/sedeotali-slrt/  Feecsjlrfeecs.lrf (02=;) su`straif (02=;) su`straif ai nmvm SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/su`straif-ai-nmvm/  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/su`straif-ai-nmvm/ Feecsjlrfeecs.lrf (02=;) types lj exoeptalis ai nmvm watk exmgpdes SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/types-lj-exoeptali-ai-nmvm-watk-exmgpdes/ SMooesseh li 21tk  kttps>//www.feecsjlrfeecs.lrf/types-lj-exoeptali-ai-nmvm-watk-exmgpdes/  lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Furu11.olg (02=;) `u``de slrt nmvm SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.furu11.olg/`u``deslrt-nmvm.ktgd  SMooesseh li 2=st lj Heoeg`er 02=;W slrt-nmvm.ktgd Furu11.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straifs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.furu11.olg/nmvmstraifs.ktgd  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W straifs.ktgd Furu11.olg (02=;) systeg (02=;) systeg testaif SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.furu11.olg/systegtestaif.ktgd  SMooesseh li 08tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W testaif.ktgd Kmoceremrtk.olg (02=;) `msaos lj queues SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.kmoceremrtk.olg/prmotaoe/hmtm-struotures/queues/`msaos-lj-queues/tutlramd/ kttps>//www.kmoceremrtk.olg/prmotaoe/hmtm-struotures/queues/`msaos-lj-queues/tutlramd/   SMooesseh li =8tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Nmi`msctrmaiaif.olg (02=;) nmvm-straif-juiotalis-getklhs-exmgpdes (02=;) nmvm-straif-juiotalis-getklhs-exmgpdes SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmi`msctrmaiaif.olg/`dlf/nmvm-straif-juiotalis-getklhs-exmgpdes/ S28tk lj kttps>//www.nmi`msctrmaiaif.olg/`dlf/nmvm-straif-juiotalis-getklhs-exmgpdes/  Heoeg`er 02=;W Nmvm0ilvaoe.olg (02=;) hlu`dy daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/hmtm-struotures-ai-nmvm/daiceh-dast/hlu`dy-daiceh-dast/ SMooesseh kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/hmtm-struotures-ai-nmvm/daiceh-dast/hlu`dy-daiceh-dast/  li =:tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Nmvm0ilvaoe.olg (02=;) aisertali slrt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/nmvm-slrtaif-mdflratkgs/aisertali-slrt/ SMooesseh li ?2tk lj kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/nmvm-slrtaif-mdflratkgs/aisertali-slrt/   Ilveg`er 02=;W Nmvm0ilvaoe.olg (02=;) sedeotali (02=;) sedeotali slrt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/nmvm-slrtaif-mdflratkgs/sedeotali-slrt/  kttp>//www.nmvm0ilvaoe.olg/nmvm-slrtaif-mdflratkgs/sedeotali-slrt/ SMooesseh li 20ih lj Heoeg`er 02=;W Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) hlu`dy daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/hlu`dy-daiceh-dast  kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/hlu`dy-daiceh-dast SMooesseh li =:tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif olgpmretl SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl  kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif olgpmretl SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-olgpmretl  Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif oliomt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-oliomt  kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-oliomt SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif trag SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-trag kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/nmvm-straif-trag  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er 02=;W Nmvmtplait.olg (02=;) straif (02=;) straif oliomteimtali ai nmvm SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/straif-oliomteimtali-ai-nmvm   SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er kttps>//www.nmvmtplait.olg/straif-oliomteimtali-ai-nmvm 02=;W Nquery-mz.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm su`straif ? exmgpdes tl expdmai straifs su`straif juiotali juiotali SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.nquery-mz.olg/nmvm-su`straif-?-exmgpdes-tl-expdmaitk

straifs-su`straif-juiotali/ SMooesseh li 28  lj Heoeg`er 02=;W straifs-su`straif-juiotali/  Rrlfrmgaz.olg (02=;) daiceh dast types SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.prlfrmgaz.olg/hsm/daiceh-dast-types  kttps>//www.prlfrmgaz.olg/hsm/daiceh-dast-types SMooesseh li =:tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W _qm.lrf (02=;) daiceh dast SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.sqm.lrf.uc/edemriaif/DaicehH_20OH/pmfe\8:.ktg  SMooesseh li =5tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W demriaif/DaicehH_20OH/pmfe\8:.ktg _tuhy.olg (02=;) exoeptalis ai nmvm hejaiatali exmgpde SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//stuhy.olg/momhegy/dessli/exoeptalis-ai-nmvm-hejaiatali-exmgpde.ktgd kttps>//stuhy.olg/momhegy/dessli/exoeptalis-ai-nmvm-hejaiatali-exmgpde.ktgd  SMooesseh li 21tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W _tuhytliafkt.olg (02=;) aisertali slrtaif SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> tk

kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/aisertali-slrtaif kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/aisertali-slrtaif  SMooesseh li ?2  lj  Ilveg`er 02=;W _tuhytliafkt.olg (02=;) aitrlhuotali tl hmtm struoture SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/aitrlhuotali-tl-hmtm-struotures SMooesseh li kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/aitrlhuotali-tl-hmtm-struotures  28tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W _tuhytliafkt.olg (02=;) queue hmtm struoture SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/queue-hmtm-struoture SMooesseh  SMooesseh li =?tk lj kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/queue-hmtm-struoture  Ilveg`er 02=;W _tuhytliafkt.olg (02=;) quaoc slrt SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> rh

kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/quaoc-slrt  kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/quaoc-slrt SMooesseh li 2?  lj Heoeg`er 02=;W

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

_tuhytliafkt.olg (02=;) stmoc (02=;) stmoc hmtm struoture SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/stmoc-hmtm-struoture  SMooesseh li 26tk lj kttps>//www.stuhytliafkt.olg/hmtm-struotures/stmoc-hmtm-struoture  Ilveg`er 02=;W Xeoktmrfet.olg (02=;) errlr kmihdaif SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> tk

kttps>//semroksljtwmrequmdaty.teoktmrfet.olg/hejaiatali/errl r-kmihdaif r-kmihdaif  SMooesseh li 21  lj  Ilveg`er 02=;W Xecgmrmtkli.olg (02=;) uiherstmihaif  quaoc slrt mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//tecgmrmtkli.olg/02=?/21/=6/uiherstmihaif-quaocslrt-mdflratkg/  kttps>//tecgmrmtkli.olg/02=?/21/=6/uiherstmihaif-quaocslrt-mdflratkg/ SMooesseh li 2?rh lj  Heoeg`er 02=;W Xutlramdrahe.olg (02=;) daiceh dast ai hmtm struoture SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdrahe.olg/hmtm-struotures/daiceh-dast-ai-hmtm-struoture.ktg  SMooesseh li kttps>//www.tutlramdrahe.olg/hmtm-struotures/daiceh-dast-ai-hmtm-struoture.ktg =5tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) mdflratkgs `msaos SlidaieW. `msaos SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/mdflratkgs\`msaos.ktg  SMooesseh kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/mdflratkgs\`msaos.ktg li 0;tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) hlu`dy daiceh dast mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/hlu`dy\daiceh\dast\mdflratkg.ktg SMooesseh li =5tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) hsm queue SlidaieW. queue SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/hsm\queue.ktg SMooesseh li =?tk  kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/hsm\queue.ktg  lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm exoeptalis SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> tk

kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/nmvm/nmvm\exoeptalis.ktg SMooesseh li 21  lj Ilveg`er kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/nmvm/nmvm\exoeptalis.ktg  02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) nmvm (02=;) nmvm straif deiftk SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/nmvm/nmvm\straif\deiftk.ktg  SMooesseh li 28tk lj Heoeg`er kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/nmvm/nmvm\straif\deiftk.ktg 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) daiemr semrok  semrok mdflratkgs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/daiemr\semrok\mdflratkg.ktg   kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/daiemr\semrok\mdflratkg.ktg SMooesseh li 01tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) daic dast mdflratkg SlidaieW. mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/daiceh\dast\mdflratkgs.ktg  kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/daiceh\dast\mdflratkgs.ktg  SMooesseh li =8tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) sljtwmre (02=;) sljtwmre testaif getklh  SlidaieW.  SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/sljtwmre\testaif/sljtwmre\testaif\getklhs.ktg  kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/sljtwmre\testaif/sljtwmre\testaif\getklhs.ktg SMooesseh li 0?tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) slrtaif (02=;) slrtaif mdflratkgs SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/slrtaif\mdflratkgs.ktg  SMooesseh kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/slrtaif\mdflratkgs.ktg li ?2tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) stmoc (02=;) stmoc mdflratkg SlidaieW. mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/stmoc\mdflratkg.ktg kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/stmoc\mdflratkg.ktg  SMooesseh li 2;tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W Xutlramdsplait.olg (02=;) stmoc (02=;) stmoc mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/stmoc\mdflratkg.ktg  SMooesseh kttps>//www.tutlramdsplait.olg/hmtm\struotures\mdflratkgs/stmoc\mdflratkg.ktg li 2;tk lj Ilveg`er 02=;W V?resluroe.olg (02=;) straif (02=;) straif trag SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.w?resluroe.olg/nmvmtk

tutlramd/straif/straif\trag.pkp  SMooesseh li 28  lj Heoeg`er 02=;W tutlramd/straif/straif\trag.pkp V?sokllds.ai (02=;) semrokaif (02=;) semrokaif teokiaques SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.w?sokllds.ai/hmtm-struotures-tutlramd/semrokaif-teokiaques/ kttps>//www.w?sokllds.ai/hmtm-struotures-tutlramd/semrokaif-teokiaques/  SMooesseh li 01tk lj  Ilveg`er 02=;W V?sokllds.ai (02=;) sedeotali (02=;) sedeotali slrt mdflratkg SlidaieW. Mvmadm`de mt> kttps>//www.w?sokllds.ai/hmtm-struotures-tutlramd/slrtaif-teokiaques/sedeotali-slrtmdflratkg/  SMooesseh li 20ih lj Heoeg`er 02=;W mdflratkg/

MRREIHA[

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Jafure =05 - Fmitt okmrt (Mutklr, 02=;)

Rrmoomd L`servmli _keet

Glhude> Hmtm _truotures _truotures mih Mdflratkgs

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Uiat Il> ?8 _tuheit Imge> \\\\K.G.Ailcm _mihmgmda\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ _mihmgmda\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Movaty

Movaty

Demriaif

Il

Lutolge

=

(DL) DL 0.=

0

Rrlvahe evaheioe lj olhaif, mih expdmai m paeoe lj olhaif tl tke muhaeioe. Pui tke sldutali 

DL ?.0

DL 0.= DL ?.0

?

8

5

Xest tke sldutali watk rmihlg hmtm

DL 0.?

Rrlve tke use lj Errlr Olitrlddaif Geokmiasg ai tke sldutali mih Errlr replrtaif struoture

DL 0.0

Olgpmre tke perjlrgmioe lj hajjereit mdflratkgs

H0

Hmte

_afimture

0:/=0/02= ; 

tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg 

0:/=0/02= ;

 

 

0:/=0/02= ;

tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg  

0:/=0/02= ;

 

tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.ol g

0:/=0/02= ;

Mssesslr Imge

> Xkmrucm Vanetuifm  Vanetuifm 

Hmte

> 0:/=0/02= 0:/=0/02=; ;

_afimture

> tkmrucmwanetuifmB tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg fgmad.olg

tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg

 

tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg

  Olggeits>

Demrier kms suooessjuddy heglistrmteh tke hevedlpeh mppdaomlis.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Mssessgeit Orateram (_tuheits mre ilt mutklrazeh tl glhajy lr wrate miytkaif li `edlw) Rlssa`de evaheioe

Lutolges/Orateram lr RM__

Rmfe

Jeeh`moc

DL= Uiherstmih hmtm struotures mih mdflratkgs =.= prlhuoe hesafi speoajaomtali jlr hmtm struotures struotures expdmaiaif tke vmdah lpermtalis tkmt omi `e omrraeh lut li tke struotures

Xmsc =.=, Xmsc 0.=

0-5 ?6-:1

Demrier kms prlhuoeh hesafi speoajaomtali jlr hmtm struotures expdmaiaif tke vmdah lpermtalis tkmt omi `e omrraeh lut li tke struotures

=.0 expdmai tke lpermtali mih perjlrgmioe lj slrtaif mih semrok mdflratkgs

Xmsc ?.=, Xmsc ?.0

;;-1: 16-=2;

Demrier kms agpdegeiteh tke `aimry semrok usaif reoursave mih ili-reoursave mdflratkgs mih kms olgpmreh tke perjlrgmioe. Mdsl demrier kms hlie m fllh resemrok li tke tlpao. Demrier kms aheieh tke satumlis wkere reoursali as useh.

=.? expdmai tke lpermtali lj reoursave mdflratkgs mih aheitajy satumtalis wkei reoursali as useh

Xmsc ?.0

16-=2;

Demrier Demrier kms agpdeg agpdegeiteh eiteh tke `aimry `aimry semrok semrok usaif reou reoursave rsave mih ili-reoursav ili-reoursave e mdflratkgs mih kms olgpmreh tke perjlrgmioe.

DL0 @e m`de tl agpdegeit hmtm struotures mih mdflratkgs 0.= agpdegeit hmtm struotures ai mi exeoutm`de  prlfrmggaif dmifumfe ai tke olitext lj wedd-hejaieh wedd-hejaieh  prl`degs

Xmsc =.0,Xmsc 0.=

:-=; ?6-:1

Demrier kms agpdegeiteh tke hmtm struotures ai nmvm prlfrmggaif dmifumfe jlr tke heieh prl`degs.

0.0 agpdegeit lpplrtuiataes jlr errlr kmihdaif mih Peplrtaif

Xmsc =.?

=1-0:

Demrier kms agpdegeiteh lpplrtuiataes jlr errlr kmihdaif mih Peplrtaif

0.? test resudts tl eim`de olgpmrasli watk expeoteh resudts

Xmsc =.8,Xmsc 0.0

06-?5 62-;6

Demrier kms heieh severmd test omses tl olgpmre tke expeoteh resudt mih tke motumd resudt.

DL? Uiherstmih klw straifs mre struotureh mih prloesseh. ?.= expdmai olggli straif lpermtalis mih tkear prmotaomd mppdaomtalis

Xmsc ?.? Xmsc =.=

=21-=08 0-5

Demrier kms expdmaieh slge olggli straif lpermtalis mih tkear prmotaomd mppdaomtalis.

?.0 heglistrmte tke lutolge lj straif lpermtalis ai speoajaeh mdflratkgs.

Xmsc ?.? Xmsc =.=

=21-=08 0-5

Demrier kms heglistrmteh tke lutolge lj straif lpermtalis.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

Frmhe Hesoraptlr jlr GEPAX G= Ahei Aheita tajy jy mih mih mpp mppdy dy strm strmte tefa faes es tl jaih jaih mppr mpprlp lpra ramt mte e sldutalis

Rlssa`de evaheioe Xmsc ?.0 Xmsc ?.?

Mokaeveh Demrier kms Olgpmreh haereit mdflratkgs jlr

G=.?

Olgpmr Olg pmre e haj hajjer jereit eit mdflra mdflratkg tkgss jlr

semrokaif mih slrif

semrokaif mih slrtaif

Mdsl demrier kms _emrokeh m`lut haereit straif

mi ejjeotave mpprlmok tl stuhy mih resemrok kms `eei

Mppdaeh

_emr _emrok ok

m` m`lu lutt

Jeeh`moc

ha hajj jjer erei eitt

stra straif if

lpermlis

lpermtalis

G0 G0.? 

_e _ede deot ot / hes hesaf afi i mpp mpprl rlpr pram amte te ge getk tklh lhss / te teok okia iaqu ques es m rmife lj sluroes lj aijlrgmtali kms `eei useh

Xmsc ?

Mokaeveh

Rrlper use lj Kmrvmrh Pejereioaif

Demrier kms useh Kmrvmrh Pejereioaif olrreotdy.

_emr _emrok ok

Demrier kms _emrokeh m`lut haereit straif lpermlis

m` m`lu lutt

ha hajj jjer erei eitt

stra straif if

lpermtalis

G?

Rres Rresei eitt mi mih h ol olgg ggui uiao aomt mte e mppr mpprlp lpra ramt mte e jaih jaihai aifs fs

Xmsc =.5 Hlo Hlouge ugeitmt itmtali ali as wedd wedd struot struoture ureh h

G?.=

tke mpprlpramte struoture mih mpprlmok kms `eei useh.

mhkeraif

tl

fua fuahed hedaies aies

wat watk k

tke

jlrgmtta if if

ili-lv ili-lverd erdmpp mppaif aif

jmots. Hmt Hmtm m prlvah prlvaheh eh m`l m`lut ut tke olg olgpmiy pmiy mre

moourmte ,

olisasteit

re dadam ` `dde

mih

Mokaeveh Hlougeit as wedd struotureh mih mhkere tl jlrgmif fuahedaies.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit Frmhe Hesoraptlr jlr HA_XAIOXALI H= Us Use eo ora rata taom omdd rej rejde deot otal ali i tl tl evm evmdu dumt mte e lwi lwi wl wlrc rc mih mih  nustajy vmdah oliodusalis

Rlssa`de evaheioe Peplrt> sklwi ai tke sedj-rejdeotali seotali, fllh oliodusali watk suffestalis jlr jurtker agprlvegeit

oliodusalis kmve `eei mrraveh mt tkrlufk syitkesas lj ahems mih H=.= kmve `eei nustajaeh

H0

Xmce Xmce resp respli lisa sa`a `ada daty ty jlr jlr g gmi mimf mfai aif fm mih ih lrfm lrfmia iaza zaif if motavataes

H0.?

Motavataes kmve `eei gmimfeh

Uihertmcei Motavataes jrlg 2= ‟ 25 ms geitalieh ai tke l`servmtali skeet

Jeeh`moc Mokaeveh Peplrt olitmais sedj-oraoasg pmrt mih oliodusalis mdlif watk suffeslis jlr juture agprlvegeits. Mokaeveh Demrier kms gmimfeh movaes wedd mih hepaoteh usaif m Fmi okmrt. Mih demrier kms su`gaeh wlrc li ge

_u`gatteh tke wlrc li tage

H?

Hegl Heglis istr trmt mte eo oli live verf rfei eitt / dmte dmterm rmdd / orem oremta tave ve tk tkai aica caif if

H?.8

 prl`degs kmve `eei sldveh.

Xmsc =.=, Xmsc 0.=, Xmsc ?.=, Xmsc ?.0

 Ilt Mokaeveh Demrier as mhvaseh tl mppdy oraomd tkaicaif wk ei sldvaif prl`degs.

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit _treiftks>

Vemciesses>

Demrier kms hlie m sujjaoaeit resemrok li hajjereit hmtm struotures mih tkear lpermtalis.

Juture Agprlvegeits & Mssesslr Olggeit>

Mppreoamte tke wlrc hlie `y demrier.

Mssesslr> M.V. Xkmrucm _mihmgaia Hmte> \\2?\/\2=\\\/\\\02=1\\\  =0  Aiterimd Zerajaer‑s Olggeits>

_afimture> tkmrucmwanetuifmBfgmad.olg

Xke mssafigeit kms `eei gmrceh mih evmdumteh prlperdy.

Aiterimd Zerajaer> Xkmracm Mgmda

_afimture>tkmracmBesljt.dc

Hmte> \=2\\\/\\\=\/\\\02=1\\\  

 

KIH ai Olgputaif & _ystegs Hevedlpgeit

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