Unidad2 1

July 14, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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XGDLNL DD NG NGÎI ÎI D]D] T UINGH UI NGHNMDÝG NMDÝG BDGNGMDHS BDG NGMDHSN N BDGNGZN] N MOS\O UIN ZO

BDGNGZN] N MOS\O UINZO XGDLNL DD ” NGNID]D] T UINGHNMDOG BDGNGMDHSN H]\NLO] BDGNGMDHSO] Mogmhpto lh cningmh lh sdtunmdýg khghrni

Hs ug mo`poghgth lhi mogjugto mo`pihto lh l h ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros quh ùhstrn in sdtunmdýg pntrdògdni, hmogý`dmn y bdgngmdhrn hg quh sh hgmuhg hgmuhgtrn trn in h`prhsn hg ugn bhman lhthr`dgnln `hldngth in lhsmrdpmdýg lh ios mogmhptos lh nmtdvo, pnsdvo y pntrdògdo ghto, dlhgtdbdmnlos y vniunlos, prhmdsn`hgth, n in bhman n quh morrhspoglh hi cningmh. Mogmhpto lh hstnlo lh rhsuitnlos

Hs ug mo`poghgth lhi mogjugto mo`pihto lh ios hstnlos hs tnlos bdgngmdhros quh ùhstrn hi rhsuitnlo lh ins ophrnmdoghs, in sdtunmdýg bdgngmdhrn lh ugn hgtdlnl lurngth ug phrdolo lhthr`dgnlo. \o`n moò pnrî`htro ios dgkrhsos hg sus ldbhrhgths òlnidlnlhs: vhgtn lh cdhghs, shrvdmdos, shrvdmd os, muotns, nportnmdoghs nportnmdoghs y otros, moò moò tn`cd tn`cdäg äg hg mogtrn pnrtdln

ios Hkrhsos

rhprhshgtnlos por ios mostos mostos lh vhgtns, vhgtns, mosto lh shrvdmdos, shrvdmdos, knstos, hgtrh hgtrh otros. Hstos hih`hgtos propormdogng propormdogng in utdidlnl ghtn ghtn lh in h`prhsn. Hs lhmdr lhmdr (Dgkrhsos ” Hkrhsos 0 Xtdidlnl Ghtn) Mogmhpto Hstnlo lh Rnrdnmdýg lh Untrdògdo Ghto

Hs ug mo`poghgth lhi mogjugto mo`pihto lh l h ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros quh ùhstrn y hxpidmn in vnrdnmdýg hg mnln ugn lh ins muhgtns lhi pntrdògdo ghto lh ugn h`prhsn hg ug phrdolo lhthr`dgnlo mog rhinmdýg n ug phrdolo ngthrdor. Hs lhmdr ùhstrn ins vnrdnmdoghs hg tär`dgos lh nu`hgtos y lds`dgumdoghs lh ins muhgtns lhi pntrdògdo Ghto. pntrdògdo Hg khghrni hi ocjhtdvo prdgmdpni hs òstrnr y hxpidmnr ins vnrdnmdoghs omurrdlns hg ug phrdolo lhthr`dgnlo. ]h lhch òstrnr snilo dgdmdni, vnrdnmdoghs lhi hjhrmdmdo y ios snilos bdgnihs. Mogmhpto lh Hstnlos lh Ordkhg Ordkhg y Npidmnmdýg lh Boglos Boglos (Biujos lh Hbhmtdvo)

Hi hstnlo lh Ordkhg y Npidmnmdýg lh boglos (biujos lh hbhmtdvo) hs ug mo`poghgth lhi mogjugto mo`pihto lh ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros quh ùhstrn hi hbhmtdvo khghrnlo y utdidznlo hg ins nmtdvdlnlhs lh ophrnmdýg, dgvhrsdýg y bdgngmdnmdýg. Xg Hstnlo lh Hstnlo lh Ordkhg y Npidmnmdýg lh Boglos (Biujos lh Hbhmtdvo) hs lh tdpo bdgngmdhro y ùhstrn ins hgtrnlns, snidlns y ios mn`cdos ghtos hg hi hbhmtdvo lh ins ldbhrhgths

nmtdvdlnlhs lh ugn h`prhsn lurngth ug phràolo mogtncih, hg ugn bor`n quh mogmdidh ios snilos dgdmdnihs y snilos bdgnihs lhi hbhmtdvo. Mogmhpto lh Gotns n ios Hstnlos Bdgngmdhros

Ins gotns n ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros rhprhshgtng in ldvuiknmdýg lh mdhrtn dgbor`nmdýg quh go hstî ldrhmtn`hgth rhbihjnln hg ldmaos hstnlos, y quh hs lh su`n utdidlnl pnrn quh ios usunrdos lh in dgbor`nmdýg bdgngmdhrn, puhlng dgthrprhtnr lh in `nghrn `îs morrhmtn hi mogthgdlo lh ldmaos dgbor`hs. ]og gotns hxpidmntdvns, quh bor`ng pnrth dgthkrni lh ios Hstnlos Bdgngmdhros, sdhglo ocidkntordn su prhshgtnmdýg. Ios hstnlos hstnlos bdgngmdhros bdgngmdhros tn`cdäg mogtdhghg gotns, gotns, munlros mo`pih`hgtnrdos mo`pih`hgtnrdos y

otrn

dgbor`nmdýg. Uor hjh`pio, puhlhg mogthghr dgbor`nmdýg nldmdogni quh shn rhihvngth pnrn ins ghmhsdlnlhs lh ios usunrdos rhsphmto n lhthr`dgnlns pnrtdlns lhi cningmh lh sdtunmdýg khghrni y lhi hstnlo lh rhsuitnlos. Uuhlhg dgmiudr dgbor`nmdoghs nmhrmn lh ios rdhskos h dgmhrtdlu`crhs quh nbhmtng n in h`prhsn, y tn`cdäg socrh rhmursos u ocidknmdoghs go rhmogomdlns hg hi cningmh. Ocjhtdvo lh ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros

Hi ocjhtdvo lh ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros, mog propýsdtos lh dgbor`nmdýg khghrni, hs su`dgdstrnr dgbor`nmdýg nmhrmn lh in sdtunmdýg bdgngmdhrn, lhsh`phþo y mn`cdos hg in posdmdýg bdgngmdhrn, nsà moò lh ios biujos lh hbhmtdvo, quh shn útdi n ug n`pido n `pido hsphmtro lh usunrdos ni to`nr sus lhmdsdoghs hmogý`dmns. Hstn dgbor`nmdýg, jugto mog ins gotns n ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros, nyuln n ios usunrdos n prhlhmdr ios biujos lh hbhmtdvo h bhmtdvo buturos, pnrtdmuinr`hgth hg io quh sh rhbdhrh n in ldstr ldstrdcumd dcumdýg ýg th`porni y krnlo lh mhrtdlu`crh lh in khghrnmdýg lh hbhmtdvo y otros `hldos iàqudlos hqudvnihgths. Nquäiios usunrdos quh lhshng hvniunr in nl`dgdstrnmdýg o rhspogsncdidlnl lh in khrhgmdn, io anmhg pnrn to`nr lhmdsdoghs hmogý`dmns moò puhlhg shr, por hjh`pio, sd `ngthghr o vhglhr su dgvhrsdýg hg in h`prhsn, o sd mogtdgunr o rh`pinznr n ios nl`dgdstrnlorhs hgmnrknlos lh in khstdýg lh in hgtdlnl.> hgtdlnl. >

Shspogsncdidlnl hg in Urhpnrnmdýg y Urhshgtnmdýg lh ios Hstnlos Bdgngmdhros

In rhspogsncdidlnl lh in prhpnrnmdýg y hincornmdýg lh ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros morrhspoglh n in Nl`dgdstrnmdýg lh in h`prhsn. In nl`dgdstrnmdýg nl`dgdstrnmdýg lhch nlqudrdr nlqudrdr hg hsth ò`hgto ò`hgto ug mo`pro`dso mo`pro`dso rhni lh pnrtdmdpnmdýg pnrtdmdpnmdýg nmtdvn hg mungto n in prhpnrnmdýg y prhshgtnmdýg lh ios hstnlos bdgngmdhros, mog hi bdg lh quh hiios ùhstrhg in rhni sdtunmdýg bdgngmdhrn lh in h`prhsn, ios rhsuitnlos lh sus ophrnmdoghs, ios mn`cdos hg su pntrdògdo, ios mn`cdos hg su sdtunmdýg bdgngmdhrn y sus biujos lh hbhmtdvo quh morrhspoglng n ug hjhrmdmdo lhthr`dgnlo. Ldmao mo`pro`dso quhln bor`nidznlo mog in hincornmdýg lh ldmaos hstnlos bdgngmdhros quh lhch bdr`nr hi rhprhshgtngth ihkni lh in mo`pnþàn, mogjugtn`hgth mog hi mogtnlor púcidmo quh ios prhpnrý. DGLDMH] BDGNGMDHSO] O SN\DO] BDGNGMDHSO] attp://www.nmnlh`dn.hlu/15=>;;4/SN\DO]_BDGNGMDHSO]_MOGMHU\O]_OCJH\DRO attp://www.nmnlh`dn.hlu/15=>;;4/SN\DO]_BDGNGMD HSO]_MOGMHU\O]_OCJH\DRO]_D ]_D @UOS\NGMDN_USDGMDUNIH]_SN\DO]_MN]O]_>_MOGMHU\O_-Ios_Sntdos @UOS\NGMDN_USDGMDUNIH]_SN\DO]_MN]O]_>_MOGMHU\O_-Ios_Sntdos

SN\DO] BDGNGMDHSO] >) MOGMHU\O

- Ios Sntdos, àgldmhs, momdhgth, rnzýg o rhinmdýg, hxprhsng hi vnior lh ugn `nkgdtul hg bugmdýg lh otrn y sh octdhgh ldvdldhglo ug vnior vnior por ot otro. ro. - Ios àgldmhs bdgngmdhros iin`nlos tn`cdäg mohbdmdhgths bdgngmdhros, io polhòs lhbdgdr moò in rhinmdýg quh hxdsth hgtrh ins muhgtns lhi Cningmh y lhi Hstnlo lh Kngngmdns y pärldlns. MIN]DBDMNMDOG

** Àgldmh Àgldmh lh lh Idqudlhz Khstdýg * Àgldmh lh ]oivhgmdn * Àgldmh lh Shgtncdidlnl 3) OCJH\DRO OCJH\DRO] ]

Mogshkudr ugn dgbor`nmdýg ldstdgtn y mo`pih`hgtnrdn n in lh ins mdbrns ncsoiutns, quh shn útdi pnrn hi ngîidsds yn shn lh mnrîmthr pntrdògdni, bdgngmdhro o hmogý`dmo. - ]h lhch thghr hg muhgtn los mrdthrdos bugln`hgtnihs, ngths lh promhlhr n in hincornmdýg lh rntdos: -

* Shinmdýg:

]oio lhchòs lhthr`dgnr mog. `nkgdtulhs rhinmdognlns, lh io mogtrnrdo in dgbor`nmdýg propormdognln mnrhmhràn lhrntdos shgtdlo shgtdlo

* Shihvngmdn:

]h lhch mogsdlhrnr soio nquhiios rntdos quh propormdoghg dgbor`nmdýg útdi pnrn hi tdpo t dpo lh ngîidsds quh hsthòs rhnidznglo, lhchòs hid`dgnr nquhiios quh rhsuithg drrhihvngths. =) D@UOS\NGMDN

- Ios rntdos bdgngmdhros sog dgldmnlorhs quh kuàng n ios khrhgths anmdn ugn cuhgn ldrhmmdýg lh in h`prhsn, ihs propormdogn sus ocjhtdvos y sus hstîglnrhs. - Nyuln n ios khrhgths n ordhgtnrios anmdn ins hstrnthkdns n inrko pinzo `ns chghbdmdosos, nlh`îs n in to`n lh lhmdsdoghs hbhmtdvns n morto pinzo. D. SN\DO] LH ID^XDLHZ

- @dlhg in mnpnmdlnl lh pnko quh tdhgh in h`prhsn pnrn anmhr brhgth n sus lhulns lh morto pinzo. Hs lhmdr, lhmdr, hi ldghro hg hbhmtdvo hbhmtdvo lh quh ldspogh, ldspogh, pnrn mngmhinr mngmhinr ins lhulns. lhulns. - Hxprhsng go soin`hgth hi `nghjo lh ins bdgngzns totnihs lh in h`prhsn, sdgo in ancdidlnl khrhgmdni pnrn mogvhrtdr hg hbhmtdvo lhthr`dgnlos nmtdvos y pnsdvos morrdhgths. - Bnmdidtng hxn`dgnr in sdtunmdýg bdgngmdhrn lh in h`prhsn brhgth n otrns, hg hsth mnso ios rntdos sh id`dtng ni ngîidsds lhi nmtdvo y pnsdvo morrdhgth. - Xgn cuhgn d`nkhg y posdmdýg brhgth n ios dgthr`hldnrdos bdgngmdhros, rhqudhrh: @ngthghr ug gdvhi lh mnpdtni lh trncnjo subdmdhgth pnrn iihvnr n mnco ins ophrnmdoghs quh shng ghmhsnrdns pnrn khghrnr ug hxmhlhgth quh phr`dtn n in h`prhsn mogtdgunr gor`ni`hgth mog su nmtdvdlnl y quh proluzmn hi ldghro subdmdhgth pnrn mngmhinr ins ghmhsdlnlhs lh ios knstos bdgngmdhros quh ih lh`nglh su hstrumturn lh hglhuln`dhgto hg hi morto pinzo . Hstos rntdos sog: - Sntdo lh idqudlhz khghrni o rnzýg morrdhgth - Sntdo pruhcn îmdln - Sntdo pruhcn lhbhgsdvn - Sntdo mnpdtni lh trncnjo - Sntdos lh idqudlhz lh ins muhgtns por mocrnr D.>. Idqudlhz Morrdhgth - Hi rntdo lh idqudlhz khghrni io octhghòs ldvdldhglo ldvdldhglo hi nmtdvo morrdhgth hgtrh hi pnsdvo morrdhgth. - Hi nmtdvo morrdhgth dgmiuyh cîsdmn`hgth ins muhgtns lh mnjn, cngmos, muhgtns y ihtrns por mocrnr, vniorhs lh bîmdi ghkomdnmdýg h dgvhgtnrdos. - Hsth rntdo hs in prdgmdpni `hldln lh idqudlhz, ùhstrn quä propormdýg lh lhulns lh morto pinzo sog mucdhrtns por hih`hgtos lhi nmtdvo, muyn mogvhrsdýg mo gvhrsdýg hg ldghro morrhspoglh morrhspoglh nproxd`nln`hgth ni vhgmd`dhgto lh ins lhulns:

NM\DRO MOSSDHG\H MOSSDHG\H/UN]DR /UN]DRO O MOSSDHG\H MOSSDHG\H 0 RHMH] RHMH] HJH@UIO: 3,855 / 455 0 3.;1 Rhmhs Hsto qudhrh lhmdr quh hi nmtdvo morrdhgth hs X@ 3.;1 vhmhs `îs krnglh quh hi pnsdvo morrdhgth6 o quh por mnln

X@ > lh lhuln, in h`prhsn muhgtn mog X@ 3.;1 pnrn pnknrin. Mungto `nyor shn hi vnior lh hstn rnzýg, `nyor shrî in mnpnmdlnl lh in h`prhsn lh pnknr sus lhulns.

D.3. Idqudlhz ]hvhrn-Uruhcn Nmdln - Hs nquhi dgldmnlor dgldmnlor quh ni lhsmnrtnr lhi nmtdvo morrdhgth muhgtns quh go sog bîmdi`hgth rhnidzncihs, propormdogn ugn `hldln `îs hxdkhgth lh in mnpnmdlnl lh pnko lh ugn h`prhsn hg hi morto pinzo. - Hs niko `îs shvhrn quh in ngthrdor y hs mnimuinln rhstnglo hi dgvhgtnrdo lhi nmtdvo morrdhgth y ldvdldhglo hstn ldbhrhgmdn hgtrh hi pnsdvo morrdhgth. - Ios dgvhgtnrdos sog hxmiudlos lhi ngîidsds porquh sog ios nmtdvos `hgos iàqudlos y ios `îs sujhtos n pärldlns hg mnso lh qudhcrn.

(Nmtdvo Morrdhgth ” Hxdsthgmdns) / Unsdvo Morrdhgth 0 Rhmhs HJH@UIO: (3,855 ” ;55) / 455 0 3 Rhmhs N ldbhrhgmdn lh in rnzýg ngthrdor, ngthrdor, hstn hxmiuyh hxmiuyh ios dgvhgtnrdos dgvhgtnrdos por shr mogsdlhrnln mogsdlhrnln in pnrth `hgos iàqudln iàqudln hg mnso lh qudhcrn. Hstn rnzýg sh mogmhgtrn hg ios nmtdvos `îs iàqudlos, por io quh propormdogn lntos `îs morrhmtos ni ngnidstn.

D.=.Idqudlhz ]hvhrn-Uruhcn Lhbhgsdvn - Uhr`dth `hldr in mnpnmdlnl hbhmtdvn lh in h`prhsn hg hi morto pinzo6 mogsdlhrn úgdmn`hgth úgdmn`hgth ios nmtdvos `ngthgdlos hg Mnjn-Cngmos y ios vniorhs ghkomdncihs, lhsmnrtnglo in dgbiuhgmdn lh in vnrdncih tdh`po y in dgmhrtdlu`crh lh ios prhmdos lh ins lh`îs muhgtns lhi nmtdvo morrdhgth. - Gos dgldmn in mnpnmdlnl lh in h`prhsn pnrn ophrnr mog sus nmtdvos `îs iàqudlos, iàqudlos, sdg rhmurrdr n sus biujos lh vhgtn. - Mnimuinòs hsth rntdo ldvdldhglo hi totni lh ios snilos lh mnjn y cngmos hgtrh hi pnsdvo morrdhgth. morrdhgth.

HJH@UIO: * MNJN T CNGMO]/UN]DRO MOSSDHG\H 0 % 355 / 455 0 5.33 Hs lhmdr, mogtnòs mog hi 33% lh idqudlhz pnrn ophrnr sdg rhmurrdr n ios biujos lh vhgtn

D.,255

Hg guhstro mnso, gos hstî dgldmnglo quh mogtnòs mog mnpnmdlnl hmogý`dmn pnrn rhspoglhr ocidknmdoghs mog thrmhros.

D.8. Sntdos lh Idqudlhz lh ins Muhgtns por Mocrnr Ins muhgtns por mocrnr sog nmtdvos iàqudlos sýio hg in `hldln hg quh puhlng mocrnrsh hg ug tdh`po prulhgth.

5>: UHSDOLO USO@HLDO LH MOCSNGZN: * Muhgtns por Mocrnr x làns lhi nþo / Rhgtns ngunihs n mräldto 0 làns ;55,555 x =25 / y 53) sog rhmàpromns hgtrh sà. ]d ldvdldòs hi phràolo pro`hldo lh mocrngzns hgtrh =25 làns quh tdhgh hi nþo mo`hrmdni o cngmnrdo, octhglrhòs in rotnmdýg lh ins muhgtns por mocrnr 8.;> vhmhs ni nþo. Nsd`dsò, hi gú`hro lh làns lhi nþo nþo ldvdldlo hgtrh hgtrh hi àgldmh àgldmh lh rotnmdýg rotnmdýg lh ins muhgtns muhgtns por mocrnr gos ln hi phràolo pro`hldo lh mocrngzn. Uolhòs usnr dgldstdgtn`hgth hstos rntdos.

DD. SN\DO] LH KH]\DOG - @dlhg in hbhmtdvdlnl y hbdmdhgmdn lh in khstdýg, hg in nl`dgdstrnmdýg lhi mnpdtni lh trncnjo, hxprhsng ios hbhmtos lh lhmdsdoghs y poiàtdmns shkudlns por in h`prhsn, mog rhsphmto n in utdidznmdýg lh sus boglos boglos.. - Hvdlhgmdng mýò sh `nghjý `n ghjý in h`prhsn hg io rhbhrhgth n mocrngzns, vhgtns ni mogtnlo, dgvhgtnrdos y vhgtns totnihs. - Hstos rntdos d`pidmng ugn mo`pnrnmdýg hgtrh vhgtns y nmtdvos ghmhsnrdos pnrn soportnr hi gdvhi lh vhgtns, mogsdlhrnglo quh hxdsth ug npropdnlo vnior lh morrhspoglhg m orrhspoglhgmdn mdn hgtrh hstos mogmhptos. - Hxprhsng in rnpdlhz mog quh ins muhgtns por mocrnr o ios dgvhgtnrdos sh mogvdhrthg hg hbhmtdvo. - ]og ug mo`pih`hgt mo`pih`hgto o lh ins in s rnzoghs lh idqudlhz, yn quh phr`dthg prhmdsnr nproxd`nln`hgth nproxd`nln`hgth hi ph ràolo lh tdh`po quh in muhgtn m uhgtn rhsphmtdvn (muhgtn por mocrnr, dgvhgtnrdo), ghmhsdtn pnrn mogvhrtdrsh hg ldghro. @dlhg in mnpnmdlnl quh tdhgh in khrhgmdn pnrn khghrnr boglos dgthrgos, ni nl`dgdstrnr hg bor`n nlhmunln ios rhmursos dgvhrtdlos hg hstos nmtdvos.

Nsà thghòs hg hsth krupo ios sdkudhgths sdkudhgths rntdos: rntdos: - Sntdo rotnmdýg lh mnrthrn (muhgtns por mocrnr) - Sotnmdýg lh ios Dgvhgtnrdos

- Uhràolo pro`hldo lh pnko n provhhlorhs - Sotnmdýg lh mnjn y cngmos - Sotnmdýg lh Nmtdvos \otnihs - Sotnmdýg lhi Nmtdvo Bdjo DD.>. Sntdo rotnmdýg lh mnrthrn (muhgtns por mocrnr) - @dlhg in brhmuhg brhmuhgmdn mdn lh rhmuphrnmdýg lh ins muhgtns por mocrnr. - Hi propýsdto lh hsth rntdo hs `hldr hi pinzo pro`hldo lh mräldtos otorknlos n ios midhgths y, hvniunr in poiàtdmn lh mräldto y mocrngzn. - Hi snilo hg muhgtns por mocrnr go lhch suphrnr hi voiu`hg lh vhgtns. - Munglo hsth snilo hs `nyor quh ins vhgtns sh prolumh in dgòvdidzn dgòvdidznmdýg mdýg totni lh boglos hg muhgtns por mocrnr, rhstnglo n in h`prhsn, mnpnmdlnl lh pnko y pärldln lh polhr nlqudsdtdvo. - Hs lhshncih quh hi snilo lh muhgtns por mocrnr roth rnzogncih`hgth, rnzogncih`hgth, lh tni `nghrn quh go d`pidquh mostos bdgngmdhros ùy nitos y quh phr`dtn utdidznr hi mräldto moò hstrnthkdn lh vhgtns.

Uhràolo lh mocros o rotnmdýg nguni: * Uuhlh shr mnimuinlo hxprhsnglo ios làns pro`hldo quh phr`nghmhg ins muhgtns ngths lh shr mocrnlns o shþninglo hi gú`hro lh vhmhs quh rotng ins muhgtns por mocrnr. * Unrn mogvhrtdr hi gú`hro lh làns hg gú`hro lh vhmhs quh ins muhgtns por mocrnr phr`nghmhg dgòvdidznlos, dgòvdidznlos, ldvdldòs por =25 làns quh tdhgh ug nþo.

Muhgtns por Mocrnr pro`hldo x =25 / Rhgtns 0 làns làns ((;55,555 + 155,555))/3) x =25 /3 vhmhs ni nþo, 25 n =5 làns lh phràolo lh mocro.

DD.3. Sotnmdýg lh ios Dgvhgtnrdos - Mungtdbdmn hi tdh`po quh lhòrn in dgvhrsdýg hg dgvhgtnrdos anstn mogvhrtdrsh hg hbhmtdvo y phr`dth snchr hi gú`hro lh vhmhs quh hstn dgvhrsdýg vn ni `hrmnlo, hg ug nþo y muîgtns vhmhs sh rhpogh. - Hxdsthg vnrdos tdpos lh dgvhgtnrdos. Xgn dglustrdn quh trngsbor`n `nthrdn prd`n, thglrî trhs tdpos lh dgvhgtnrdos: hi lh `nthrdn prd`n, hi lh prolumtos hg promhso y hi lh prolumtos thr`dgnlos. thr`dgnlos. - ]d in h`prhsn sh lhldmn ni mo`hrmdo, hxdstdrî ug sýio tdpo lh dgvhgtnrdo, lhgo`dgnlo mogtncih`hgth, moò `hrmnlhràns.

Uhràolo lh in dgòvdidznmdýg lh dgvhgtnrdos o rotnmdýg nguni: - Hi gú`hro lh làns quh phr`nghmhg dgòvdidznlos dgòvdidznlos o hi gú`hro lh vhmhs quh rotng ios dgvhgtnrdos hg hi nþo. - Unrn mogvhrtdr hi gú`hro lh làns hg gú`hro lh vhmhs quh in dgvhrsdýg `ngthgdln `ngthgdln hg prolumtos p rolumtos thr`dgnlos thr`dgnlos vn ni `hrmnlo, ldvdldòs por =25 làns quh tdhgh ug nþo.

* Dgvhgtnrdo pro`hldo x =25 / Mosto lh Rhgtns 0 làns (>—855,555 + >—=55,555/ 3) x =25 / =—555,555 0 >21 làns

* Mosto lh Rhgtns / dgvhgtnrdo Uro`hldo 0 Rhmhs =—555,555/ (>—855,555 + >—=55,555/3) 0 3.>< vhmhs vhmhs - Hsto qudhrh lhmdr quh ios dgvhgtnrdos vng ni `hrmnlo mnln >21 làns, io quh lhùhstrn ugn cnjn rotnmdýg lh hstn dgvhrsdýg, hg guhstro mnso 3.>< vhmhs ni nþo. - N `nyor rotnmdýg `nyor òvdidlnl lhi mnpdtni dgvhrtdlo hg dgvhgtnrdos y `îs rîpdln rhmuphrnmdýg lh in utdidlnl quh tdhgh mnln ugdlnl lh prolumto thr`dgnlo. - Gos dgldmn in rnpdlhz mog quh mn`cdn hi dgvhgtnrdo hg muhgtns por mocrnr por `hldo lh ins vhgtns. - @dhgtrns `îs nitn shn in i n rotnmdýg lh dgvhgtnrdos, dgvhgtnrdos, `îs hbdmdhgth shrî hi `nghjo lhi dgvhgtnrdo lh ugn h`prhsn.

DD.=. Uhràolo pro`hldo lh pnko n provhhlorhs - Hsth hs otro dgldmnlor quh phr`dth octhghr dgldmdos lhi mo`portn`dhg mo`portn`dhgto to lhi mnpdtni lh trncnjo. * @dlh hsphmàbdmn`hgth hi gú`hro lh làns quh in h`prhsn, tnrln hg pnknr ios mräldtos quh ios provhhlorhs ih ang otorknlo. - Xgn prîmtdmn usuni hs cusmnr quh hi gú`hro lh làns lh pnko shn `nyor, nugquh lhch thghrsh mudlnlo lh go nbhmtnr su d`nkhg lh «cuhgn pnkn¶ mog sus provhhlorhs lh `nthrdn prd`n. - Hg äpomns dgbinmdognrdns lhch lhsmnrknrsh pnrth lh in pärldln lh polhr nlqudsdtdvo lhi ldghro hg ios provhhlorhs, mo`prîgloihs n mräldto.

Muhgtns por Unknr Uro`hldo x =25 / Mo`prns n Urovhhlorhs 0 làns (>15,555 + >85,555/ 3) x =25 / 3,255,555 0 33.18 làns Sotnmdýg nguni 0 =25/33.18 0 >8.;8 vhmhs ni nþo. - Ios rhsuitnlos lh hsth rntdo io lhchòs dgthrprhtnr lh bor`n opuhstn n ios lh muhgtns m uhgtns por mocrnr h dgvhgtnrdos. Io dlhni hs octhghr ugn rnzýg ihgtn (hs lhmdr >, 3 ý < vhmhs ni nþo) yn quh sdkgdbd sdkgdbdmn mn quh hstnòs nprovhmanglo ni `îxdò hi mräldto quh ih obrhmhg sus provhhlorhs lh `nthrdn prd`n. Guhstro rntdo hstî ùy hihvnlo.

DD.1 làns lh vhgtn. - Sntdo quh tdhgh por ocjhto `hldr in nmtdvdlnl hg vhgtns lh in bdr`n. - O shn, muîgtns m uîgtns vhmhs in h`prhsn puhlh moiomnr hgtrh sus midhgths ug vnior dkuni n in dgvhrsdýg rhnidznln. rhnidznln.

Unrn octhghrio ldvdldòs ins vhgtns ghtns por hi vnior lh ios nmtdvos totnihs: * Rhgtns/Nmtdvos \otnihs 0 Rhmhs .3= vhmhs vhmhs

- Hs lhmdr quh guhstrn h`prhsn hstî moiomnglo moiomnglo hgtrh sus midhgths >.3= vhmhs hi vnior lh in dgvhrsdýg d gvhrsdýg hbhmtunln. hbhmtunln. - Hstn rhinmdýg dgldmn quä tng prolumtdvos sog ios nmtdvos pnrn khghrnr vhgtns, hs lhmdr, muîgto sh hstî khghrnglo lh vhgtns por mnln X@ dgvhrtdlo.

DD.2. Sotnmdýg lhi Nmtdvo Bdjo - Hstn rnzýg hs sd`dinr n in i n ngthrdor, mog hi nkrhknlo quh `dlh in mnpnmdlnl lh in h`prhsn lh utdidznr hi mnpdtni hg nmtdvos bdjos. - @dlh in nmtdvdlnl lh vhgtns lh in h`prhsn. - Ldmh, muîgtns vhmhs polhòs moiomnr hgtrh ios midhgths ug vnior dkuni n in dgvhrsdýg rhnidznln hg nmtdvo bdjo.

* Rhgtns / Nmtdvo Bdjo 0 Rhmhs —855,555 / >—455,555 0 5.;4 o ;4% - Hsto qudhrh lhmdr, quh por mnln X@ nportnln, any X@ 5.;4 mhgtnvos o hi ;4% nportnlo por ios nmrhhlorhs

DDD.3. Hglhuln`dhgto - Shprhshgtn hi pormhgtnjh lh boglos lh pnrtdmdpnmdýg pnrtdmdpnmdýg lh ios nmrhhlorhs, yn shn hg hi morto o inrko pinzo, hg ios nmtdvos. - Hg hsth mnso, hi ocjhtdvo hs `hldr hi gdvhi kiocni lh hglhuln`dhgto o propormdýg lh boglos nportnlos por ios nmrhhlorhs.

* Unsdvo \otni/ Nmtdvo \otni 0 >—255,555 / =—855,555 0 5.3.12% por mnln X@ dgvhrtdlo hg sus nmtdvos.

DR.5.55% hg hi nþo.

DR.8. Xtdidlnl por nmmdýg - Sntdo utdidznlo pnrn lhthr`dgnr ins utdidlnlhs ghtns por nmmdýg mo`úg.

* Xtdidlnl Ghtn / (Go. Lh nmmdoghs/ Rnior lh nmmdýg) 0 X@ ;5,555 /(,1>1 0 5.18 - Hsth rntdo gos hstî dgldmnglo quh in utdidlnl por mnln nmmdýg mo`úg buh lh X@ 5.18

DR.2. @nrkhg lh utdidl utdidlnl nl crutn - Hsth rntdo rhinmdogn ins vhgtns `hgos hi mosto lh vhgtns mog ins vhgtns. - Dgldmn in mngtdlnl quh sh octdhgh lh utdidlnl por mnln X@ lh vhgtns, lhspuäs lh quh in h`prhsn an mucdhrto hi mosto lh ios cdhghs quh prolu prolumh mh y/o vhglh

* Rhgtns ” Mosto lh vhgtns / vhgtns 0 % .2=% - Hsto qudhrh lhmdr quh por mnln X@ quh vhgldý in h`prhsn, octuvo ugn utdidlnl lh >.2=%. Hsth rntdo phr`dth hvniunr sd hi hsbuhrzo ahmao hg in ophrnmdýg lurngth hi phràolo lh ngîidsds, hstî prolumdhglo prolumdhglo ugn nlhmunln rhtrdcumdýg pnrn hi h`prhsnrdo

Cningmh Khghrni Khghrni ni =>/>3/35x3 y =>/>3/35x>

Nmtdvo Nmtdvo Morrdhgth Morrdhgth Mnjn y Cngmos Lhulorhs por Rhgtns @hrmnlhràns @hrmnlhr àns (dgvhgtnrdo) Knstos pnknlos por ngtdmdpnl ngtdmdpnlo o Otros Nmtdvos Morrdhgths \otni Nmtdvo Morrdhgth Morrdhgth

3.5x3

>442 ;.314 >.< >.=.1;< 3.=41.454

Nmtdvo Go Morrdhgth Morrdhgth Dgùhcihs y hqudpos hqudpos (>) Nòrtdznmdoghss nmuùinlns (3) Nòrtdznmdogh Nmtdvos bdjos Ghtos 0(>)-(3) 0(>)-(3)

>.; -4=2..21>.1 -123.;58 1>1.;>=

Dgvhrsdýg lh inrko inGo rkoMorrdhgths Uinzo Otros Nmtdvos \otni Nmtdvo Go Morrdhgth

24.32= 338 >.>53.31<

33.5;4.8.845.5>5

21.==<

>.144.;35

=.88>.=/>3/35x> =>/>3/35x> 3.5x3

3.5x>

Rhgtns

.==2.;= 2.;=2 2

Knstos lh Nl`dgdstrnm Nl`dgdstrnmdýg dýg Knstos lh Mo`hrmdnidznmdýg Nòrtdznmdoghs Nòrtdzn mdoghs Xtd Xtdididlnl lnl ngths lh Dgthrhshs Otros Dgkrhsos Otros Hkrhsos (Dgthrhshs Uhrldlos) Xtd Xtdididlnl lnl lhspu äs lh Dgthrhshs D`puhsto n ins Kngngmdns (>5%) Xtd Xtdididlnl lnl Ghtn

1;8.13>.121,, >3>.121

Unidad2 1

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