UNIDAD 3.docx

INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA

PRUEBAS Y MANTENIMIENTO ELÉCTRICO

UNIDAD 3 Mantenimiento Eléctico !e E"#i$o% !e Di%ti&#ci'n

Eléctica(

Martínez Sánchez Iván

14251144

DOCENTE:  TORTI SOSA SERGIO ARMANDO

 ABRI 2!1"

INDICE

Mantenimiento eléctico !e e"#i$o% !e !i%ti&#ci'n eléctica( .........................................1 3() con%t#cci'n !e ca&le% !e me!ia ten%i'n * cla%i+icaci'n !e ai%lamiento%(............1 3()() teminale%, %# con%t#cci'n * caacte-%tica%(........................................................3 3()(. $#e&a% !e e%i%tencia !e ai%lamiento en ca&le% #ni$olae% * ti$olae%(.......6 .. 7 3()(3 $#e&a% !e alto $otencial, /i0$ot a 1 min#to%( * )(2 ece% ten%i'n !e ce%ta..7

3(. %#&e%tacione% com$acta% * ta&leo% !e !i%ti&#ci'n(..................................................9 3(.() caacte-%tica% 4eneale%, con%t#cci'n * $ate% $inci$ale%(...........................10 3(.(. actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................11 3(.(3 +ec#encia% !e in%$ecci'n * $o4amaci'n !e m($(.............................................13 3(3( P#e&a% !e ai%lamiento a &aa%, ai%la!oe% !e %o$ote, c#c/illa% * +#%i&le% .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................................ ................................. 13 $imaio%(............................ 3(5 ta&leo% !e !i%ti&#ci'n !e &a6a ten%i'n(.......................................................................16 3(5() caacte-%tica% 4eneale%, con%t#cci'n * $ate% $inci$ale%(...........................18 3(5(. actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................20 3(5(3 +ec#encia% !e in%$ecci'n * $o4amaci'n !e m($(.............................................20 3(1 inte#$toe% !e me!ia * &a6a ten%i'n, en aie * al ac-o(..........................................21 3(1() actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................22 3(1(. $#e&a% !e e%i%tencia !e ai%lamiento * !e contacto(.........................................22 ........................................... ............................. ............................. ..................25 ...25 3(1(3 $#e&a% o$eacionale% !e !i%$ao(............................

3(7 elea!oe% * !i%$o%itio% !e $otecci'n(.....................................................................26 3(7() actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................27 ........................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................ ................. ....... 28 Concl#%ione%(............................. .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..........................29 ............29 Bi&lio4a+-a(............................

INDICE

Mantenimiento eléctico !e e"#i$o% !e !i%ti&#ci'n eléctica( .........................................1 3() con%t#cci'n !e ca&le% !e me!ia ten%i'n * cla%i+icaci'n !e ai%lamiento%(............1 3()() teminale%, %# con%t#cci'n * caacte-%tica%(........................................................3 3()(. $#e&a% !e e%i%tencia !e ai%lamiento en ca&le% #ni$olae% * ti$olae%(.......6 .. 7 3()(3 $#e&a% !e alto $otencial, /i0$ot a 1 min#to%( * )(2 ece% ten%i'n !e ce%ta..7

3(. %#&e%tacione% com$acta% * ta&leo% !e !i%ti&#ci'n(..................................................9 3(.() caacte-%tica% 4eneale%, con%t#cci'n * $ate% $inci$ale%(...........................10 3(.(. actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................11 3(.(3 +ec#encia% !e in%$ecci'n * $o4amaci'n !e m($(.............................................13 3(3( P#e&a% !e ai%lamiento a &aa%, ai%la!oe% !e %o$ote, c#c/illa% * +#%i&le% .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................................ ................................. 13 $imaio%(............................ 3(5 ta&leo% !e !i%ti&#ci'n !e &a6a ten%i'n(.......................................................................16 3(5() caacte-%tica% 4eneale%, con%t#cci'n * $ate% $inci$ale%(...........................18 3(5(. actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................20 3(5(3 +ec#encia% !e in%$ecci'n * $o4amaci'n !e m($(.............................................20 3(1 inte#$toe% !e me!ia * &a6a ten%i'n, en aie * al ac-o(..........................................21 3(1() actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................22 3(1(. $#e&a% !e e%i%tencia !e ai%lamiento * !e contacto(.........................................22 ........................................... ............................. ............................. ..................25 ...25 3(1(3 $#e&a% o$eacionale% !e !i%$ao(............................

3(7 elea!oe% * !i%$o%itio% !e $otecci'n(.....................................................................26 3(7() actii!a!e% !e in%$ecci'n * 4#-a% !e m($(.............................................................27 ........................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................ ................. ....... 28 Concl#%ione%(............................. .......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..........................29 ............29 Bi&lio4a+-a(............................

Mantenimiento eléctico !e e"#i$o% !e !i%ti&#ci'n eléctica(

3() con%t#cci'n !e ca&le% !e me!ia ten%i'n * cla%i+icaci'n !e ai%lamiento%( #n ca$%e &e '(tenc)a e* +n &)*'(*)t)v( e%,ctr)c( +t)%)za&( 'ara tran*-)t)r ener.ía e%,ctr)ca &e +n %+.ar a (tr( a +na c(rr)ente / ten*)0n &eter-)na&a* (r %( tant(3 +n ca$%e a)*%a&( t)ene c(-( )na%)&a& tran*'(rtar ener.ía3 a&e-á* &e %(.rar +e %a* ',r&)&a* e%,ctr)ca* +e e6)*tan '(r ca+*a &e %a tran*erenc)a &e ener.ía &e +n %+.a %+.arr a (tr( (tr( *ean *ean %a* %a* -ín) -ín)-a -a** '(*) '(*)$% $%e* e*33 e*t( e*t( e* 7+*t 7+*taa-en ente te %( +e +e %e &a +nc)(na%)&a& a +na )n*ta%ac)0n C+an&( +n c(n&+ct(r e%,ctr)c( a)*%a&( *e c(necta a +na +ente &e ener.ía e%,ctr)ca3 *e (r&ena3 (r)enta / ace%era e% -(v)-)ent( &e %(* e%ectr(ne* c(-( ca+*a &e% eect( &e% ca-'( e%,ctr)c( (* ca$%e* &e '(tenc)a *e c%a*))can &e var)a* (r-a*3 / en e*te ca*( e* 8t)% c%a*))car%(* '(r %a ten*)0n a %a +e ('eran3 en ,*te ca*( e*'ecí)c(3 a% tratar e% te-a &e ca$%e* 'ara -e&)a ten*)0n3 *e e*tá ha$%an&( &e +n ran.( &e 11 9v; ha*ta et)%en('r(')%en( &e a%t( -0&+%( ?ER  > et)%en('r(')%en( ?ER anta%%a *e-)c(n&+ct(ra e6terna Rec+$re t(ta%-ente e% a)*%a-)ent( Se rea%)za c(n c(-'+e*t(* '(%)-,r)c(* c(n a%ta c(ncentrac)0n &e ne.r( &e h+-( 'ara ($tener %a 'r(')e&a& *e-)c(n&+ct(ra E*te -ater)a% e*tá ret)c+%a&( / en 'erect( c(ntact( c(n e% a)*%a-)ent( a$)t+a%-ente 2

*e +t)%)zan *e-)c(n&+ct(ra* 'e%a$%e*3 'arc)a%-ente a&her)&a* a% a)*%a-)ent(3 'ara ac)%)tar a% -á6)-( %a 're'arac)0n &e %a* c(ne6)(ne* anta%%a -etá%)ca (* ca$%e* &e -e&)a ten*)0n %%evan +na 'anta%%a -etá%)ca en c(ntact( c(n %a *e-)c(n&+ct(ra e6terna E*ta 'anta%%a e*tá c(n*t)t+)&a '(r )$ra* &e c($re c(%(ca&a* en h,%)ce rec+$r)en&( +n)(r-e-ente t(&( e% 'erí-etr( &e% ca$%e S($re e*ta* )$ra* *e c(%(ca ha$)t+a%-ente +na c(ntra e*')ra &e %e7e &e c($re3 en h,%)ce a$)erta r(tecc)0n c(ntra e% a.+a En ca$%e* c(n ($t+rac)0n %(n.)t+&)na% ?t)'( (% *e c(%(ca $a7( %a c+$)erta +na c)nta &e -ater)a% h).r(*c0')c(3 +e )-')&e %a 'r('a.ac)0n %(n.)t+&)na% &e% a.+a En ca$%e* c(n &($%e ($t+rac)0n *e c(%(ca a&e-á* +na *er)e &e h)%(* &e -ater)a% h).r(*c0')c( en e% c(n&+ct(r ?t)'( 2(% C+$)erta )nter)(r T(&(* %(* ca$%e* ar-a&(* %%evan +na c+$)erta &e *e'arac)0n ?( a*)ent( &e ar-a&+ra entre %a 'anta%%a -etá%)ca / %a ar-a&+ra E*tá c+$)erta )nterna e* &e% -)*-( -ater)a% +e %a c+$)erta e6ter)(r  Ar-a&+ra ara -e7(rar %a 'r(tecc)0n &e% ca$%e rente a a.re*)(ne* e6terna*3 *e +t)%)zan %a* ar-a&+ra* Se rec(-)en&a *+ +*( en t(&a* a+e%%a* )n*ta%ac)(ne* &(n&e e% r)e*.( &e r(ce*3 .(%'e* / c+a%+)er a.re*)0n -ecán)ca *ea e%eva&( a* ar-a&+ra* e*tán c(n*t)t+)&a* '(r a%a-$re* ( %e7e* -etá%)c(* &)*'+e*t(* *($re %a c+$)erta )nter)(r E% -eta% +t)%)za&( en ca$%e* +n)'(%are* e* e% a%+-)n)( C+$)erta e6ter)(r *ta e* %a ca'a -á* e6terna &e% ca$%e / 'r(te.e a% ca$%e &e %a* a.re*)(ne* -ecán)ca* / +í-)ca* &e% ent(rn( E*tá (r-a&a '(r +n rec+$r)-)ent( +n)(r-e / c(nt)n+(3 ha$)t+a%-ente &e c(%(r r(7(3 t(ta%-ente e*tanc( / a%ta-ente re*)*tente a %(* .(%'e* / a$ra*)(ne*3 a*í c(-( a %a acc)0n &e %a )nte-'er)e (* -ater)a%e* +t)%)za&(* n(r-a%-ente *(n e% 'vc / %a* '(%)(%e)na* %)$re* &e ha%0.en(

3()() teminale%, %# con%t#cci'n * caacte-%tica%( Ter-)na%e* 3

(* ca$%e* &e '(tenc)a *(n 'arte &e %(* e%e-ent(* &e +n *)*te-a e%,ctr)c( &e '(tenc)a3 +e a% ).+a% +e %(* c)rc+)t(* a,re(* t)ene c(-( +nc)0n %a tran*-)*)0n &e ener.ía e%,ctr)ca De$)&( a *+ &)*e(3 %(* ca$%e* *(n c(necta&(* a (tr(* e+)'(* ?tran*(r-a&(re*3 )nterr+'t(re*3 c)rc+)t(* a,re(*3 etc -e&)ante ter-)na%e* E*t(* acce*(r)(* &e$en *er &)*ea&(*3 a$r)ca&(* e )n*ta%a&(* en (r-a rá')&a / e)c)ente 'ara a*e.+rar +n 'erí(&( 'r(%(n.a&( &e v)&a 8t)% en $ene)c)( &e %a c(nt)n+)&a& &e% *erv)c)( a* ter-)na%e* t)enen +na c%a*))cac)0n &eter-)na&a c(n %( c+a% tene-(* +e %a c%a*))cac)0n &e ter-)na%e* e* %a *).+)ente: 1 ter-)na% c%a*e 1: e* a+,%%a +e 'r('(rc)(na e% c(ntr(% &e %(* e*+erz(* +e *e 're*entan en e% a)*%a-)ent( &e% ca$%e a% )nterr+-')r / ret)rar %a 'anta%%aF 'r('(rc)(na a)*%a-)ent( e6tern( c(-'%et( c(ntra c(rr)ente* &e +.a entre e%?%(* c(n&+ct(r?e* / t)erraF a&e-á* 'r('(rc)(na +n *e%%( a% )na% &e% ca$%e c(ntra %a entra&a &e% a-$)ente e6tern( / -ant)ene %a 're*)0n &e ('erac)0n &e &)*e( &e% *)*te-a3 *) e6)*te E*ta c%a*e e*tá &)v)&)&a en tre*3 +e *(n %a* *).+)ente*: a ter-)na%e* c%a*e 1a: 'ara +*ar*e en ca$%e c(n a)*%a-)ent( e6tr+)&( $ ter-)na%e* c%a*e 1$: 'ara +*ar*e en ca$%e c(n a)*%a-)ent( %a-)na&( ?'a'e% )-'re.na&( en ace)te3 'er( +e n( *erá *(-et)&( a 're*)0n c ter-)na%e* c%a*e 1c: 'ara +*ar*e en ca$%e c(n a)*%a-)ent( %a-)na&( / +e *erá *(-et)&( a 're*)0n ?ca$%e t)'( ')'e 2 Ter-)na% c%a*e 2: *(n a+,%%a* +e 'r('(rc)(nan e% c(ntr(% &e %(* e*+erz(* e%,ctr)c(* +e *e 're*entan en e% a)*%a-)ent( &e% ca$%e a% )nterr+-')r / ret)rar %a 'anta%%a e%ectr(*tát)caF 'r('(rc)(na a)*%a-)ent( e6tern( c(-'%et( c(ntra c(rr)ente* &e +.a entre e%?%(* c(n&+ct(re* / t)erra