Unidad 3 Circutos
March 8, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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TKNGIHIOBNI GENBIGEH DK LKVBNI
Bgstbtuti Tk Tkngihþobni d dkkh Bs Bstli
NEPPKPE= BGO. KHKNTPILKNEGBNE
EH[LGI= EL@PINBI HIPKG]I MI^K M[EG
NETKDPETBNI= BGO. DKFK^E QEHKGNBE OE^TIG
LETKPBE= EGEHB^B^ DK NBPN[BTI^ NBPN[BTI^ KHKNTPBNI^ DK ND
^KLK^TPK= ;º OP[ZI= ‘KL“
Gº DK NIGTPIH= 5;52:>22
>.5 A[GDELKGTI^ R KQEH[ENBÞG DK HE^ NIGDBNBIGK^ BGBNBEHK^ KG HI^ KHKLKGTI^ DK HI^ NBPN[BTI^ PH R PN NBPN[BTI^ PH His nbrnubtis PH sig equkhhis quk nigtbkgkg uge `i`bge (bgduntir) quk tbkgk euti bgduntegnbe, ksti qubkrk nbrnubti puksti quk sk nigsbdkre lunfi lkgir e he dkh bgdunt bgd untir. ir. Dknbr Dknbr quk quk kvbte kvbte nel`bi nel`bis s bgste bgstegtå gtågk gkis is kg he nirr nirrbkg bkgtk tk.. ^bklp ^bklprk rk sk dksprknbe he euti bgduntegnbe kg kh rksti dkh nbrnubti puksti quk sk nigsbdkre lunfi lkgir e he dkh bgduntir. Zere Zer e ug tbklpi tbklpi boueh boueh e nkri, nkri, he nirrb nirrbkg kgtk tk nilkgz nilkgzerå erå e nrknkr nrknkr y kh bgdun bgduntir tir pridunbrå bouehlkgtk uge aukrze khkntrilitrbz kg skgtbdi nigtrerbi, hi nueh ferå quk qu k he nirr nirrbk bkgt gtk k gi eulk eulkgt gtk. k. E ksti ksti sk hk nigi nigink nk nili nili aukr aukrze ze nigt nigtre re khkntrilitrbz. Kste akl kstå dede pir= Q < -H (bgduntegnbe) dB/dt Dk`bdi e quk he nirrbkgtk eulkgterå nig kh tbklpi, kh nel`bi skrå pisbtbvi (dB/dt) y he tkgsbþg skrå gkoetbve eh fe`kr uge neìde dk he lbsle kg kh bgduntir. ^koýg Cbrnffiaa= Q < (BP) + SH (dB / dt)\ BP < Neìde dk vihtemk e trevâs dk he rksbstkgnbe. Kste ks uge knuenbþg dbakrkgnbeh y sk pukdk fenkr he sustbtunbþg= x < (Q/P) „ B ks dknbr3 dx < -dB ^ustbtuykgdi kg he knuenbþg= x + S(H/P) (dx/dt)\ < : dx/x < - (P/H) dt Bgtkoregdi= hg (x/xi) < -(P/H) t Dkspkmegdi x= x < xi k „Pt / H Dk`bdi e quk xi < Q/P Kh tbklpi ks nkri R nirrbkgtk nkri Q/P „ B < Q/P k „Pt / H B < (Q/P) (5 - k „Pt / H) Kh tbklpi dkh nbrnubti kstå rkprkskgtedi pir t < H/P
PN NBPN[BTI^ PN
His nbrnubtis PN sig nbrnubtis quk kståg nilpukstis pir uge rksbstkgnbe y ug nigdkgsedir. ^k nerentkrbze pir quk he nirrbkgtk pukdk verber nig kh tbklpi. Nuegdi kh tbklpi ks boueh e nkri, kh nigdkgsedir kstå dksneroedi, kg kh lilkgti quk klpbkze e nirrkr kh tbklpi, kh nigdkgsedir nilbkgze e neroersk ye quk fey uge nirrbkgtk kg kh nbrnubti. Dk`bdi eh kspenbi kgtrk hes phenes dkh nigdkgsedir, kg kh nbrnubti gi nbrnuhe nirrbkgtk, ks pir ksi quk sk utbhbze uge rksbstkgnbe. Nuegdi kh nigdkgsedir sk neroe nilphktelkgtk, he nirrbkgtk kg kh nbrnubti ks boueh e nkri. He skougde rkohe dk Cbrnffiaa dbnk= Q < (BP) - (q/N) Digdk q/N ks he dbakrkgnbe dk pitkgnbeh kg kh nigdkgsedir. Kg ug tbklpi boueh e nkri, he nirrbkgtk skrå= B < Q/P nuegdi kh nigdkgsedir gi sk fe neroedi. Nuegdi kh nigdkgsedir sk fe neroedi nilphktelkgtk, he nirrbkgtk ks nkri y he neroe skrå boueh e= U < NQ He aboure bhustre ug kmklphi dk ug nbrnubti rksbstir-nepenbtir, i nbrnubti PN
B < (Q/P) (5 „ k „ 5/t) Digdk pere Digdk pere ug tbklpi tbklpi bgabgbti bgabgbti,, å å B < Q/P. R sk pukdk nigsbdkrer kgtignks kh nel`bi dk he nirrbkgtk kg kh tbklpi nili nkri. Zere vkrbabner he knuenbþg quk blphbne e t y e B, sk dkrbve uge vkz y sk rkklpheze kg he bgbnbeh= dB/dt < Q/H k „ 5/t ^k sustbtuyk= Q < (BP) + SH (dB / dt)\ Q < S (Q/P) (5 „ k „ 5/t) P + (H Q/ H k „ 5/t)\ Q „ Q k „ 5/t < Q „ Q k „ 5/t
>.0 A[GNBÞG K^NEHÞG, PELZE, BLZ[H^I, NILZ[KPTE R KVZIGKGNBEH [ge augnbþg ksnehigede ks equkhhe augnbþg dkabgbde e trizis quk trizis quk kg nuehqubkr bg bgtk tkrv rveh ehi i abgb abgbti ti Se, `\ kg quk kstâ dkabgbde tbkgk ug gýlkri abgbti dk dbsnigtbgubdedks n 5 8 n 00 8 … 8 n g , y kg nede ede bgtk bgtkrv rveh ehi i e`bk e`bkrt rti i (n cc , n cc+5 +5) ks nigstegtk, tkgbkgdi dbsnigtbgubdedks dk sehti kg his pugtis n cc . . Nerentkrìstbnes [ge augnbþg ksnehigede ks equkhhe nuye oråabne tbkgk he airle dk uge ksnehkre quk pukdkg esnkgdkr i dksnkgdkr eh skr db`umedes. Kh kmklphi lås nilýg dk augnbþg augn bþg ksnehig ksnehigede ede ks he augnbþg augnbþg pertk pertk kgtkre kgtkre,, augnbþg augnbþg ksnehþg ksnehþg dk Fkevbs Fkevbsbdk bdk i i augnbþg ksnehþg ugbterbi, y he augnbþg sbogi. sbogi. He nilpi lpisbn sbnbþg bþg dk nueh nuehqu qubk bkrr augn ugnbþg bþg ksnehig higede s(x) y uge augnbþg nuehqubkre a(x) de pir rksuhte rksuhtedi di uge augnbþg augnbþg ksnehig ksnehigede ede o(x) < a(s(x)), sbkl sbklprk prk quk a(x) kstâ dkabgbde pere nuehqubkr vehir dk x kg kg kh regoi dk s(x). Kvbdkgtklkgtk, he dkrbvede dk uge augnbþg ksnehigede ks : kg nuehqubkr pugti kg qu quk k sk fehh fehhk k dkab dkabgb gbde de.. Gi pukd pukdk k dkab dkabgb gbrs rsk k kg his his pu pugt gtis is kg his his quk quk fey fey dbsnigtbgubdedks. KMKLZHI
A[GNBIG PELZE He augnbþg relpe ks uge augnbþg khklkgteh rkeh khklkgteh rkeh dk ug sihi eroulkgti, nigtbgue y dbakrkgnbe`hk kg tidi su dilbgbi kxnkpti kg ug pugti (bgbnbi dk he rele) aånbhlkgtk nilpute`hk e pertbr dk he augnbþg lìgbli i he augnbþg vehir e`sihuti. e`sihuti. Hes pr Hes prbgn bgnbpe bpehk hks s ephbn ephbnen enbig bigks ks prån pråntbn tbnes es dk kste kste augnbþ augnbþg g sk deg deg kg bgokg bgokgbkr bkrìe ìe (prinkselbkgti dbobteh dk skõehks, skõehks , phestbnbded, phestbnbded , ktn.). Kh târlbgi "augnbþg relpe" sk dk`k e he airle dk su rkprkskgtenbþg oråabne .
A[GNBIG BLZ[H^I
A[GNBIG NILZ[KPTE
Hes Nilpukrtes Hþobnes sig nbrnubtis khkntrþgbnis nigairledis bgtkrgelkgtk pir tregsbstirks quk sk kgnukgtreg nig errkohis kspknbehks nig his quk itiroeg sk skõe õehk hks s dk vi viht htem emk k ni nili li rksu rksuht hted edi i i uge uge sehb sehbde de dk airl airle e `iih `iihke kege ge,, kstå kståg g i`tkg i` tkgbdi bdis s pir ipkr ipkrenb enbig igks ks hþobne hþobnes s `bger `bgerbes bes (sule, (sule, luhtbp luhtbphbn hbnen enbþg bþg). ). Tel`b Tel`bâg âg gbkoe gbk oeg, g, eabrle eabrleg, g, bgnhu bgnhuyk ykg g i kxnhu kxnhuyk ykg g skoý skoýg g sus prip pripbkd bkded edks ks hþobne hþobnes. s. Kstes Kstes nilpu nil pukrt krtes es sk pukd pukdkg kg ephbn ephbner er kg itres itres årkes årkes dk he nbkgnb nbkgnbe e nili nili lknågbne, lknågbne, fbdråuhbne i gkulåtbne. gkulåtbne. Kxbstkg dbakrkgtks tbpis dk nilpukrtes y ehouges dk kstes sig lås nilphkmes, nig he pisb`bhbded dk skr sbluhedes pir nilpukrtes lås skgnbhhes. Tides kstes tbkgkg te`hes dk vkrded quk kxphbneg his nilpirtelbkgtis kg his rksuhtedis quk itiroe, dkpkgdbkgdi dkh vehir `iihkegi quk tkgoe kg nede uge dk sus kgtredes.
Abo. 5 Nilpukrtes Hþobnes
Tre`emeg kg dis kstedi, ‘5“ i5‘:“, his ug nuehks pukdk g nili esbogersk e he hþobne pisbtbve i hþobne gkoetbve. Kh kstedi tbkgk vehirpukdkg dk ;v låxbli y kh kstedi : tbkgk ug vehir dk :v nili lìgbli y kxbstbkgdi kxbstbkgdi ug ul`reh kgtrk kstis dis kstedis digdk di gdk kh rk rksuh suhted tedi i pukdk pukdk verbe verberr sbg sbg se`k se`krr nig nig kxentb kxentbtud tud he sehbd sehbde e quk gis gis kgtrkoere. Hes hþobnes sk kxphbneg e nigtbguenbþg=
He hþ hþob obne ne pisb pisbtb tbve ve ks equk equkhh hhe e quk quk ni nig g uge uge sk skõe õehh kg ehti ehti sk ennb ennbig ige, e, rkprkskgtegdi ug 5 `bgerbi y nig uge skõeh kg `emi sk dksentbve. rkprkskgtedi ug : `bgerbi. He hþobne gkoetbve pripirnbige his rksuhtedis bgvkrselkgtk, uge skõeh kg ehti sk rkprkskgte nig ug : `bgerbi y uge skõeh kg `emi sk rkprkskgte nig ug 5 `bgerbi.
A[GNBIG KVZIGKGNBEH x eperknk [ge augnbþg kxpigkgnbeh ks equkhhe quk he verbe`hk bgdkpkgdbkgtk bgdkpkgdbkgtk x eperknk
kg kh kxpigkgtk y tbkgk dk `esk uge nigstegtk e. ^u kxprksbþg ks= sbkgdi e ug rkeh pisbtbvi, e 7 :, y dbakrkgtk dk 5, e ≪ 5. Nueg Nu egdi di
: 8 e 8 5,
kgtig tignks
augnbþ nbþg g he aug
kxpi kxpigkg gkgnbe nbehh ks
uge augnbþg
dknrknbkgtk y nuegdi e 7 5, ks uge augnbþg nrknbkgtk.
Tel`bâg sk sukhk dkgiter he augnbþg nili kxp ( x ). He augnb augnbþg þg kxpigkgnbeh kxpigkgnbeh pukdk pukdk nigsbdk nigsbdkrer rersk sk nili he bgvkrse dk bgvkrse dk he augnbþg hioerìtlbne.. hioerìtlbne
R, nuegdi : 8 e 8 5=
>.> Pkspukste getureh y airzede dk nbrnubtis PH y PN Bgvkstboelis he rkspukste getureh dk dk ug nbrnubti quk nigsbstk dk ug rksbstir y ug bgduntir. Kste dbsnusbþg ks perehkhe eh egåhbsbs dk he rkspukste dk ug nbrnubti PN
Kstk nbrnubti PH ks luy nilýg. Eperknk sbklprk quk fey ug ehel`rk kgrihhedi kg ug nbrnubti, nili nuegdi i`hboes e ug rkhâ lknågbni e priviner ug livblbkgti aìsbni (ug rkhâ nigtbkg nigtbkgk k uge `i`bge quk sk utbhbze nili khkntriblåg). Kgnigtrelis Kgnigtrelis bgduntirks kg nesb tides hes aukgtks dk pidkr y kg lunfis abhtris. Tidis his ne`hks y his trezedis dk hes termktes dk nbrnubtis tbkgkg uge pkqukõe euti bgduntegnbe, quk pukdk skr blpirtegtk kg nbrnubtis luy vkhinks. Kstk ks ug nbrnubti kg kh quk tkgklis quk tiler kg nukgte kh tbklpi. Zere dkserri dks errihher hher uge nilp nilprkgs rkgsbþg bþg prk prknbse nbse,, rkq rkqukrb ukrblis lis nig nignkp nkptis tis dkh nåhn nåhnuhi, uhi, puk puks s gknksbtelis dkrbvedes pere dksnrb`br kh nilpirtelbkgti dk ug nbrnubti PH Kh nbrnubti rksbstir-nepenbtir PN ks ugi dk his prblkris nbrnubtis bgtkrksegtks quk pidklis nigstrubr y egehbzer. Nilprkgdkr kh nilpirtelbkgti dk kstk nbrnubti ks kskgnbehh pere eprkgdkr khkntrþgbne. kskgnbe khkntrþgbne. Zidklis kgnigtrer airles dk kstk nbrnubti kg tides tide s pert pertks. ks. E vkn vknks, ks, nigs nigstrub trubrås rås kstk nbrnubti nbrnubti e pri pripþs pþsbti3 bti3 itre itres, s, kh nbrn nbrnubti ubti eperknkrå pir su nukgte. Kstk ks ugi dk his prblkris nbrnubtis quk kgnigtrelis kgnigtrelis digdk tkgklis quk tiler kg nuk nukgte gte kh tbkl tbklpi. pi. Zer Zere e dks dkserri errihher hher uge nil nilprkg prkgsbþ sbþg g prkn prknbse bse gkn gknksb ksbteli telis s fkrrelbkgtes dk nåhnuhi. Zere dksnrb`br kh nbrnubti PN dkrbvedes dkrbvedes..
Uukrklis kgtkgdkr he rkspukste getureh dk kstk nbrnubti.
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