UNIDAD 2 - Propiedades de Visión y Luz 2021

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

[@HMOM 46 ^TA^HKMOMK\ MK E[V X SH\HÜ@ ―Eo euz ks u`o romholhü` quk bolk pashdek eo vhshü`… k` eo

gkmhmo quk sk rkcekfo k` eos mhckrk`tks supkrchlhks‗  EO E[V

Chjuro ? Hgojk` mk rkckrk`lho  Eos portçlueos mk mk eo euz lorklk` mk goso y sk mk`agh`o` mk`agh`o` cata`ks. 

±_uè ks eo Euz1 Kxhstk` mhvkrsos cargos mk romholhü` kekltragoj`èthlo prapojï`mask k` ke u`hvkrsa y tro`sparto`ma k`krjço mk u` eujor o atra. Eas royas R y eas royas joggo, sa` u` kfkgpea mk keea, laga togdhè` ea ks kso portk mke kspkltra kekltragoj`èthla quk pukmk skr pkrlhdhmo par ke afa bugo`a, y quk lagö`gk`tk rklhdk ke `agdrk mk euz. Eo euz, laga tamos eos cargos mk romholhü`, kstï lagpuksto par portçlueos kekgk`toeks, pkra eos suyos lorklk` mk goso y sk mk`agh`o` cata`ks. Mhlbas cata`ks y su lagpartoghk`ta muoe laga a`mos y laga portçlueos, sa` eas rkspa`sodeks mk eos praphkmomks cçshlos mk eo euz.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Eas cçshlas, `a adsto`tk, k`lorjomas mke kstumha mk kstk thpa mk ck`ügk`as, `as bo` k`skÿoma quk kxhstk` thpas mk euz `a vhshdek, ks mklhr, quk eo pkrlkpthdek ks opk`os u` ïrko mke k`argk kspkltra mk romholha`ks kekltragoj`èthlos quk sk `as kslopo`. Eo rogo mk eo lhk`lho k`lorjomo mk kstumhor eas ck`ügk`as mk eo euz sk mk`agh`o üpthlo.

Bhstarho mk eo euz

Chjuro 46 Hgojk` mk rkckrk`lho

Eo h`vk`lhü` mk eo kekltrhlhmom pkrghthü pracu`mhzor eas kstumhas sadrk eo euz.  

Eo euz bo shma adfkta mk lurhashmom y vk`krolhü` bugo`o mksmk thkgpas rkgatas. Eas o`thjuas

jrhkjas eo la`shmkrodo` cuk`tk cuk`t k mk vhmo y mk vkrmom, y cuk ogpehogk`tk kstumhomo par Kgpèmaleks y Kulehmks. Xo k` ksk k`ta`lks sk la`alço` oeju`os oeju` os mk sus praphkmomks cçshlos, sh dhk` skrço o porthr mke Tk`olhghk`ta quk su kstumha y opehlolhü` o eo vhmo bugo`o tagorço u` hgpuesa vkrmomkra. Eo h`vk`lhü` mk eo kekltrhlhmom y eo pashdhehmom mk heugh`or o vaeu`tom cuk atra mk eas jro`mks gatarks mk su kstumha, sh dhk` èstk kstuva shkgprk otk`hma o eo mhslushü` mk sh eo euz la`tk`ço  portçlueos a sh kro u`o a`mo mk k`krjço. Xo k` ke shjea RR, eo h`jk`hkrço üpthlo sk bhza lorja mke mksorraeea, fu`ta la` eo kekltrü`hlo, mk `ugkrasos opehlolha`ks gamkr`os poro eo euz, pumhk`ma lagprk`mkr gulba gkfar su cu`lha`oghk`ta jrolhos o eos tkarços luï`thlos y oe jhjo`tksla ovo`lk mk eo cçshlo y eo quçghlo quk H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

tuva eujor mkspuès mk eo ghtom mk eo lk`turho. O ksto kvaeulhü` mkdkgas tkl`aeajços laga ke eïskr, eas baeajrogos, ke lh`k , eo catajrocço, ke catalaphoma a eas po`keks catavaetohlas.

Skealhmom mk eo Euz Eo prhgkro gkmhlhü` kxhtaso mk eo vkealhmom mk eo euz, cuk bklbo par Aek Takgkr, u` ostrüeaja mo`ès, k` ?3:3. Eo cçshlo la`tkgparï`ko, `a adsto`tk, bo och`oma eas gklo`hsgas mk pkrlkplhü` mk eo euz bosto pamkr mor la` eo gkmhlhü` oltuoegk`tk olkptomo, quk ks mk 488.:84.==;2 gktras  par skju`ma. Bodrço quk mklhr quk mhlbo vkealhmom rkchkrk o eo euz prapojï`mask k` ke volça, yo quk oe bolkrea o trovès mk eo gotkrho phkrmk u`o la`shmkrodek vkealhmom, mkpk`mhk`ma mk eo `oturoekzo mk eo gotkrho otrovksomo, leora kstï.

^rapojolhü` mk eo Euz

Eos sagdros sk lagpa`k` mk mas ktopos eo pk`ugdro y eo ugdro. 

[`o mk eos prhgkros loroltkrçsthlos opu`tomos mk eo euz, ks su cargo kspklçchlo mk prapojorsk6 k` eç`ko rklto. Mk bklba, ke arhjk` mk eos sagdros thk`k quk vkr la` ksta, yo quk, oe kstrkeeorsk la`tro u` adfkta apola, eo euz prayklto su sheukto6 sk heugh`o ke ca`ma oerkmkmar kxlkpta eo parlhü`  deaqukomo par ke lukrpa. H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Mhlbo sagdro sk lagpa`mrï mk mas ktopos6 eo pk`ugdro, gïs eugh`aso, y eo ugdro, gïs asluro, eas fukjas mk sagdros, quk mkpk`mk` mk eo pashlhü` y ke ï`juea mke arhjk` mk eo euz, mkgukstro` quk ks pashdek prkvkr ke mkspeozoghk`ta rkltheç`ka mk eos a`mos eugç`hlos. Mk bklba, o keea sk mkmhlo eo üpthlo jkagètrhlo.

Tkcrollhü` mk eo euz

Eo rkcrollhü` mk eo euz pukmk mor u`o hgprkshü` coeso mk ea adskrvoma.

[`a mk eas prh`lhpoeks ck`ügk`as cçshlas adskrvodeks mk eo euz, eo rkcrollhü` alurrk luo`ma eo euz logdho mk gkmha mk prapojolhü`, y sk kvhmk`lho k` u` logdha drusla mk su mhrkllhü`, ea luoe  pukmk mor u`o hgprkshü` coeso mk ea adskrvoma. Ks ke kcklta quk sk pramulk oe h`tramulhr u`o lulborheeo k` u` vosa la` ojuo, par kfkgpea, k` ke quk opork`to bodkrsk qukdroma eo lulborheeo. O goyar logdha mk vkealhmomks (k`trk ke gkmha h`hlhoe y ke sklu`morha), goyar skrï ke logdha mk mhrkllhü` y gïs pra`u`lhoma ke kcklta vhsuoe.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Mhcrollhü` mk eo euz

Eo mhcrollhü` mk eo euz ks u` prh`lhpha guy uthehzoma k` eo catajrocço.  

Ou`quk sodkgas quk eo euz sk prapojo k` eç`ko rklto, ks pashdek sagktkreo o la`mhlha`ks kspklçchlos quk lurvk` su troykltarho. ]oe ks ke ck`ügk`a mk eo mhcrollhü`, k` quk u` boz mk euz quk otrovhkso u`o odkrturo kstrklbo, par kfkgpea, mksvço m ksvço su lursa k` u`o `ukvo mhrkllhü`, kgpeko`ma eo odkrturo laga u` `ukva kghsar mk a`mos. Kstk ks u` prh`lhpha oetogk`tk uthehzoma k` eo catajrocço y k` ke mhskÿa tkekslüphla.

Tkcekxhü` mk eo Euz Eo gotkrho, oe skr hgpoltomo par eo euz, rkthk`k par u`as h`sto`tks eo k`krjço y eukja eo ehdkro mk `ukva, k` tamos eos mhrkllha`ks. O mhlba ck`ügk`a sk ek la`alk laga rkcekxhü`. Mk oeeç quk sk ochrgk o gk`uma quk eas adfktas `a thk`k` rkoegk`tk u` laear, sh`a quk u`o vkz hgpoltomas la` eo euz, eo rkcekfo` vhdro`ma k` u`o ghsgo crkluk`lho, quk ks ea quk poro `asatras mkvhk`k u` laear kspklçchla.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Eos supkrchlhks üpthlos ehsos, sh` kgdorja, phkrmk` eo goyar portk mk eo romholhü` quk rkcekfo` , kxlkpta eo quk sk prapojo k` ke ghsga ï`juea mk h`lhmk`lho. Bk oeeç lüga cu`lha`o` eas kspkfas,  par kfkgpea.

Mhspkrshü` mk eo Euz

Ks pashdek mkslagpa`kr eo euz k` su tatoehmom mk Laearks. 

Eo mhspkrshü`, k` logdha, ks u` ck`ügk`a quk hgpehlo quk eo euz, oe h`jrksor o u` lukrpa tro`spork`tk mk loros `a poroekeos, laga u` prhsgo a u`o jato mk ojuo, sk mkslagpa`k k` su tatoehmom mk laearks yo quk, laga bkgas vhsta, vorço su vkealhmom y crkluk`lho mk a`mo, pkrghthè`ma`as vkr tama ke kspkltra lragïthla quk la`thk`k eo euz deo`lo6 ksa quk mk`agh`ogas orlaçrhs.

^aeorhzolhü` mk eo Euz \k eeogo paeorhzolhü` o eo lopolhmom mk lhkrtas lrhstoeks tro`seölhmas, u`o vkz supkrpukstas y jhromas k` u` ï`juea kspklçchla, mk ghthjor ke posa mk eo euz y kvhtor lhkrtas ï`jueas mk rkcekxhü` . Ks osç laga apkro` eos jocos mk sae, par kfkgpea, a lhkrtas chetras poro eos lïgoros catajrïchlos, quk gamueo` o trovès mk kstk shstkgo mk lrhstoeks eo lo`thmom mk euz quk pukmk h`jrksor oe oporota opor ota a oe afa bugo`a. H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

]karços sadrk eo `oturoekzo mk eo euz O ea eorja mke thkgpa bo` kxhsthma `ugkrasos opraxhgolha`ks tkürhlos o eo `oturoekzo mk eo euz, ck`ügk`a quk sk bo gastroma keushva k` eo goyarço mk eas losas. ^amkgas kstumhor lomo tkarço par skporoma, dosï`ma`as k` su opraxhgolhü` kspklçchlo o eo supuksto `oturoekzo mk eo euz, o sodkr6  

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]karço a`mueotarho. \k opraxhgo o eo euz la`shmkrï`maeo u`o a`mo kekltragoj`èthlo, ks mklhr, u` logpa keèltrhla quk jk`kro u`a goj`èthla (y vhlkvkrso) outaprapojomo h`mkch`hmogk`tk par ke kspolha. Ksto pkrspklthvo ks öthe poro mkslrhdhr `ugkrasas lagpartoghk`tas mk eo euz, pkra `a ks to` kcklthvo poro mklhr què ks kxoltogk`tk eo euz, què lasos eo lagpa`k`.

 

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]karço larpuslueor. ^ar su portk, kso pkrspklthvo la`shmkro eo euz laga u` tarrk`tk mk portçlueos lork`tks mk lorjo y mk goso, eeogomos cata`ks. Osç, ks pashdek kstumhor eo h`tkrollhü` mk eo euz la` eo gotkrho, o porthr mk eos la`shmkrolha`ks cçshlos k`trk kekltra`ks y cata`ks.

 

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]karços luï`thlos. \urjk` mkdhma o eo `klkshmom mk rkla`lhehor eos mas pkrspklthvos o`tkrharks, pkra oö` `a eajro` rkla`lhehor sus pasturos. Jro`mks ovo`lks k` ksk sk`thma cukra` eos tkarços mk Kh`stkh` rkspklta o eo rkeothvhmom y oe kcklta mk eo jrovkmom k` ke lagpartoghk`ta mk eo euz, osç laga eos rklhk`tks opraxhgolha`ks o u`o tkarço mke logpa u`hchloma, o porthr mke trodofa la` portçlueos kekgk`toeks.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Kspkltra kekltragoj`èthla

Eas laearks lïehmas rkjhstro` ea`jhtumks mk a`mo gïs oetos quk eas crças. c rças. 

\k eeogo kspkltras kekltragoj`èthlas oe ro`ja mk tamas eas pashdeks `hvkeks mk k`krjço mk eo euz. \k arjo`hzo k` dosk o eo ea`jhtum mk a`mo mk eos kghsha`ks larrkspa`mhk`tks o lomo `hvke, mk eos luoeks ke kspkltra vhshdek ks opk`os u`o parlhü` mkehghtomo. Eos ea`jhtumks mk a`mo pkrlkpthdeks par ke skr bugo`a vo` mk eas `o`ügktras (ma`mk h`hlho ke kspkltra uetrovhaekto) bosto eas :2>, ma`mk h`hlho ke h`crorrafa. Eas laearks lïehmas rkjhstro` ea`jhtumks mk a`mo gïs oetos, ghk`tros quk eas crças ea`jhtumks gïs dofos.

\H\]KGO SH\[OE6 H@CATGOLHA@ \ADTK KE K@]AT@A Ke afa ks ke ürjo`a k`lorjoma mke sk`thma mk eo vhsto quk fu`ta oe lkrkdra y eo euz  pkrghtk oe skr bugo`a bugo`a vkr euz y laear k` su vh vhmo mo lathmho`o. Ke afa bugo`a kstï lagpuksta par kekgk`tas kxtkr`as toeks laga ke pïrpoma, eos lkfos y eos  pkstoÿos luyo cu`lhü` ks pratkjkr oe afa mk eas ojk`tks kxtkr`as, paeva, sumar, kxlksas mk heugh`olhü`, ktl.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

Omkgïs, thk`k u` gklo`hsga mk outaehgphkzo la`sto`tk pramulhma par eos jeï`mueos eolrhgoeks, togdhè` la`alhmos laga eïjrhgos, quk, jrolhos oe porpomka, sk mhstrhduyk` par tamo eo supkrchlhk mke jeada alueor.

Eas kekgk`tas h`tkr`as quk lagpa`k` prh`lhpoegk`tk ke afa sa`6

- Kslekrüthlo6 ks eo gkgdro`o gïs kxtkr`o mke afa, ks muro y rkshstk`tk, mk laear deo`la. - Larahmks6 ks eo skju`mo gkgdro`o mke afa, k`lorjomo mk mor mo r apolhmom o eo kslekrüthlo y odsardkr eos romholha`ks vhshdeks. - Lür`ko6 ks eo gkgdro`o tro`spork`tk quk ludrk eo kslekrüthlo, k`lorjomo mk rklhdhr y tro`sghthr eos hgprksha`ks vhsuoeks. - Lrhstoeh`a6 ek`tk dhla`vkxo keïsthlo, h`laearo y trospork`tk trospor k`tk udhlomo mktrïs mke hrhs. K` cu cu`lhü` `lhü` mk eo mhsto`lho o eo quk sk boeeo` eas adfktas vorho su lurvoturo poro k`calor. Eas göslueas k`lorjomas mk kstk gavhghk`ta sa` eas göslueas lhrheorks. - Bugar oluasa6 eçquhma tro`spork`tk, cargoma goyargk`tk par ojuo udhloma k`trk eo lür`ko y ke hrhs, k`lorjoma mk `utrhr y go`tk`kr eo cargo mk eo o eo prkshü` quk kfkrlk k`trk eas mas. - Hrhs6 Gkgdro`o lhrlueor phjgk`tomo shtuomo mktrïs mk eo lür`ko, k`lorjomo mk la`traeor ke ceufa eugç`hla quk poso oe lrhstoeh`a. - ^upheo6  Arhchlha lhrlueor shtuoma k` ke lk`tra mke hrhs par ma`mk poso` eas royas mk euz. Kstï la`traeomo par ke hrhs, quk mkpk`mhk`ma mke ceufa eugh`asa mke k`tar`a, pukmk la`trokrsk (ghashs) a mheotorsk (ghmroshs)

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

- Bugar vçtrka6 goso tro`spork`tk y jkeoth`aso, lagpuksto goyargk`tk par ojuo, quk rkeek`o eo lovhmom quk boy k`trk ke lrhstoeh`a y eo rkth`o. - ^u`ta lhkja6 pu`ta mk u`hü` k`trk eo rkth`o y ke `krvha üpthla. Ks u` pu`ta h`sk`shdek o eo euz yo quk `a paskk `h`ju`o lèeueo catarklkptaro. -@krvha üpthla6 `krvha k`lorjoma mk la`mulhr eos hgïjk`ks mksmk eo rkth`o oe lkrkdra. - Tkth`o6 ks eo portk sk`shdek h`tkr`o pastkrhar mke afa, ma`mk sk pramulk eo tro`scargolhü` mk eos eugh`o`lhos k` kstçgueas `krvhasas. Eo rkth`o kstï lagpuksto par lèeueos catask`shdeks quk bolk` eo pashdek eo la`vkrshü`, sa` eas dosta`ks y eas la`as. - Cüvko6 ks u`o bk`mhmuro pala pracu`mo, shtuomo k` eo portk pastkrhar mk eo rkth`o cargomo saeogk`tk par la`as. Ksto ïrko kstï shtuomo fusta k` ke lk`tra mke logpa vhsuoe, sk la`shmkro ke ïrko mk goyar ojumkzo y gkfar vhshü`. - Gösluea lhehor gösluea k`lorjoma mk gamhchlor eo lurvoturo mk eo ek`tk poro fustor eo vhshü`.

C[@LHA@OGHK@]A MKE AFA Eo cu`lhü` mke afa la`shstk k` tromulhr eas kstçgueas eugh`asas mke k`tar`a k` hgpuesas `krvhasas quk eekjo` oe lkrkdra. Eas royas eugh`asas otrovhkso` eo lür`ko y ke bugar oluasa y ke hrhs chetro eo euz quk eekjo oe lrhstoeh`a. Eo ek`tk mke lrhstoeh`a cargo k` eo rkth`o u`o u `o hgojk` h`vkrthmo y mk gk`ar togoÿa Ks k` eo rkth`o, ma`mk eas la`as y eas dosta`ks rklhdk` eo euz y gkmho`tk rkollha`ks quçghlos tro`scargo` eo k`krjço k` hgpuesas keèltrhlas quk k`vço` eo h`cargolhü` o trovès mke `krvha üpthla bosto ke lkrkdra, ma`mk sk rklagpa`k eo hgojk` toe y laga sk la`alk.

Cu`lha`oghk`ta mke afa ( Cuk`tk6 Jaajek hgïjk`ks)

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

LO^OLHMOMK\ SH\[OEK\ -  LOG^A SH\[OE6 Ke afa bugo`a thk`k u` logpa vhsuoe ehghtoma quk ks mk opraxhgomogk`tk ?¶ k` sk`thma vkrthloe, 3>¶ par k`lhgo y :>¶ par mkdofa mk eo barhza`toe y ?;>¶ k` sk`thma s k`thma barhza`toe, ou`quk la` eo supkrpashlhü` mk ogdas afas sk pukmk odorlor ?2>¶. Ke logpa vhsuoe ks u` coltar quk sk mkdk tk`kr k` luk`to poro kvhtor ke mkseugdroghk`ta.

Ke logpa vhsuoe (Cuk`tk6 Jaajek hgïjk`ks)

-  OJ[MKVO SH\[OE Lopolhmom mke afa quk pkrghtk rkla`alkr y mhsth`juhr eas mktoeeks mk u` adfkta, shtuomas o u`o mhsto`lho larto mke logpa mk vhshü`. Ksto lopolhmom mke afa, hjuoe quk eo olagamolhü`, kstï guy rkeolha`omo la` ke `hvke mk heugh`olhü`. ^ar kfkgpea, sh ke `hvke mk heugh`olhü` ks guy dofa, eo ojumkzo vhsuoe togdhè` mhsgh`uyk mhchlueto`ma oe afa mhsth`juhr eas mktoeeks y oe la`trorha, sh ke `hvke ks kekvoma ks gïs cïlhe mhsth`juhr ke adfkta, ga`ugk`ta, ktl.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

-  OLAGAMOLHÜ@ Eo olagamolhü` ks eo bodhehmom mke afa poro k`calor eas adfktas y adtk`kr u`o hgojk` gïs `çthmo, sh` hgpartor eo mhsto`lho o eo quk kstï` shtuomas. Luo`ma eo lurvoturo mke lrhstoeh`a ks prïlthlogk`tk peo`o, ke afa k`calo sadrk adfktas shtuomas o jro`mks mhsto`lhos. ^oro pamkr k`calor adfktas lkrlo`as, ke lrhstoeh`a la`trok eas göslueas lhehorks y osç ougk`to su la`vkxhmom. Eo olagamolhü` kstï ehghtomo par u` h`tkrvoea lagprk`mhma k`trk ke pu`ta rkgata, pu`ta gïs ekfo`a quk sk pukmk oelo`zor y ke pu`ta prüxhga quk mkpk`mk mk eo lurvoturo quk la`shjo ke lrhstoeh`a. Ke oelo`lk mk eo olagamolhü` mhsgh`uyk mk go`kro jromuoe la` eo kmom laga la`skluk`lho mk eo pkrmhmo mk cekxhdhehmom mke lrhstoeh`a. Luo`ma sk rkoehzo` torkos vhsuoeks la` u` `hvke mk heugh`olhü` h`ckrhar oe rkqukrhma, eas göslueas lhehorks mkdk` carzorsk gïs mk ea `klksorha y ksa pukmk pravalor cïthjo k` mhlbas göslueas y su pastkrhar mktkrhara. ^ar ea to`ta boy quk tk`kr k` luk`to o eo baro mk kckltuor ke mhskÿa mke prayklta quk ke `hvke mk heugh`olhü` sko ke omkluoma.

 Olagamolhü` (Cuk`tk6 BH\]Ü^]HLO)

-  OMO^]OLHÜ@

Eo omoptolhü` ks eo bodhehmom mke afa poro k`calor y ofustorsk luo`ma kxhstk` logdhas k` eas `hvkeks mk heugh`olhü`. Ksto cu`lhü` eo rkoehzo eo pupheo quk odrk y lhkrro su odkrturo poro pkrghthr ke posa mk euz `klksorho oyumomo par eo rkth`o quk ks lopoz par keeo ghsgo mk omoptorsk o jro`mks mhckrk`lhos mk lo`thmom mk euz. Ke pralksa mk omoptolhü` rkquhkrk u` thkgpa poro quk eo  pupheo ofustk su odkrturo. Ke thkgpa mkpk`mk mk eo mhckrk`lho quk qu k boy k`trk eos h`tk`shmomks mk eo euz. Kstk thkgpa ks goyar k` ke losa mk posor mk u` k`tar`a leora o u`a aslura, eekjo`ma o supkror eas gh`utas poro omoptorsk o u`o aslurhmom lkrromo. ^ar ke

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

la`trorha ke thkgpa `klksorha poro posor mk `hvkeks mk heugh`olhü` dofas o kekvomas rkquhkrk opraxhgomogk`tk ? gh`uta.

-  LA@]TO\]K Ke la`trostk ks eo mhckrk`lho mk eugh`orho quk kxhstk k`trk ke adfkta y ke ca`ma, poro quk ke h`mhvhmua sk lopoz mk hmk`thchlor u` adfkta lu`oma ke `hvke mk heugh`olhü` ks dofa. Luo`ma ke ca`ma ks gïs aslura quk ke adfkta quk sk adskrvo, ke la`trostk ks goyar y par ea to`ta gïs cïlhe mk vhsuoehzor.

Ke la`trostk (cuk`tk6 go`uoe mk heugh`olhü` H@MOE)

-  SH\HÜ@ DH@AL[EOT Ks eo bodhehmom mke afa mk go`tk`kr u` adfkta k`caloma la` eas mas afas, lrko`ma osç u`o hgojk` k` < mhgk`sha`ks mo`ma sk`solhü` mk pracu`mhmom. Eo vhshü` dh`alueor togdhè` ks rkspa`sodek mk eo pkrlkplhü` mk eos mhsto`lhos.

Shshü` Dh`alueor (Cuk`tk6 BH\]Ü^]HLO)

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

GAM[EA H  C[@MOGK@]A\ MK SH\HÜ@ X E[V

\K@\HDHEHMOM MKE AFA Ke afa `a rkspa`mk mk eo ghsgo go`kro o eos romholha`ks eugh`asos mk lomo u`o mk eos ea`jhtumks mk a`mo mke kspkltra kekltragoj`èthla vhshdek. Eo vhshü` mk mço ks la`alhmo laga vhshü` catüphlo. K` kstk thpa mk vhshü` eas la`as sa` eas rkspa`sodeks mk eo vhshü` y eo mhsth`lhü` mk laearks ks guy oeto. K` logdha, luo`ma eas `hvkeks mk heugh`olhü` sa` dofas oltöo` eas dosta`ks quk, laga sk lagk`tü, thk`k` u`o goyar sk`shdhehmom  pkra `a sa` lopolks mk mhsth`juhr eas laearks. Ksto vhshü` ks la`alhmo laga vhshü` kslatüphlo. Luo`ma eas `hvkeks mk heugh`olhü` sa` h`tkrgkmhas, eo vhshü` sk mk`agh`o vhshü` gksüphlo. 

Lurvo mk sk`shdhehmom mke afa (Cuk`tk6 H@MOE)

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la

 

 

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Outar H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao-LHMKO-[^]L

TKCKTK@LHO\6   "Euz". Outar6 Fueho Gïxhgo [rhortk. ^oro6 Loroltkrhsthlos.la . Öethgo kmhlhü`6 ?? mk ojasta

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mk 4>?8. Mhspa`hdek k`6 bttps6//www.loroltkrhsthlos.la/euz/.  bttps6//www.loroltkrhsthlos.la/euz/.  La`suetoma6 43 mk fueha mk 4>4>.   \iaaj, Maujeos O.9 Baeekr, C. Fogks9 @hkgo`, ]hgatby O. (4>>?). «H`tramullhü` o eas

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gètamas kspkltragètrhlas¹. ^rh`lhphas mk O`ïehshs h`strugk`toe. ;ª Kmhlhü`. Gomrhm6 GlJrow-Bhee. •

  Durik, Fab` Tadkrt (?888). Cçshlo6 eo `oturoekzo mk eos lasos. Gèxhla MC6 H`tkr`otha`oe

]bagsa` Kmhtarks

  Lrhsth`o Gark`tk Ga`tskrrot (4>?3) Cu`mogk`tas mk vhshü`. [`hvkrshmom ^aehtèl`hlo mk

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Lotoeuÿo.

H`j. Zheehog Fovhkr \ï`lbkz Jogdao  “  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la  wheehogfovhkr.so`lbkzNuptl.kmu.la