Unidad - 2 - Caidas de Presion en La Completacion

 

O GM _ MK XRK_GFE KE L OFNXLK] OGßE

 

Clu`f mk clugmfs ke lj ofnplktjogÿe  Dukof jbgkrtf _fe

ofnplktjogfeks

mfemk

kxgstk ofnuegojogÿe mgrkotj ketrk uej kl pfzf y kl yjogngketf, efrnjlnketk sk utglgzje ke cfrnjogfeks jltjnketk ofesflgmjmjs y ejturjlnketk crjoturjmjs.

 

Ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl _fe ofnplktjogfeks mfemk sk pkrcfrj ÿ ojúfekj lj tubkrîj mk rkvkstgngketf, kl oknketf y lj cfrnjogÿe prfmuotfrj pjrj orkjr tðeklks quk ofnuegquke kl pfzf ofe kl yjogngketf, efrnjlnketk sk utglgzje ke cfrnjogfeks ofesflgmjmjs.

 

Knpjquk ofe arjvj _fe ofnplktjogfeks mfemk sk oflfoj ue cgltrf mk jrkej mk arjefs sklkoogfejmfs (arjvj) pfr nkmgf mk uej tubkrîj rjeurjmj pjrj ofetrfljr lj ketrjmj mk jrkej jl pfzf, efrnjlnketk sk utglgzje ke cfrnjogfeks pfof ofesflgmjmjs. Kl knpjquk pukmk rkjlgzjrsk ofe lj tubkrîj mk rkvkstgngketf pkrcfrjmj ÿ ofe kl dfyf mkseumf.

 

Ojîmj mk prksgÿe ke ofnplktjogfeks j dukof jbgkrtf

Ojîmj mk prksgÿe ke ofnplktjogfeks ofe ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl  Lj koujogÿe @feks, Blfuet y Aljzk

 

Koujogfeks mk @feks, Blfuet y Aljzk  Jlrkmkmfr ojúfekjmf,

mkl tðekl murjetk uej

pkrcfrjogÿe efrnjl, kxgstgrê sgknprk uej zfej trgturjmj f ofnpjotjmj quk kxdgbk uej pkrnkjbglgmjm sustjeogjlnketk nkefr quk lj mkl yjogngketf.

 

_upfsgogfeks :. Lj pkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj zfej trgturjmj f ofnpjotjmj ks0 j) Kl :8% mk lj pkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj cfrnjogÿe, sg ks pkrcfrjmj ke ofemgogÿe mk sfbrk-bjljeok. b) Kl =8% mk lj pkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj cfrnjogÿe sg ks pkrcfrjmj ke ofemgogÿe mk bj`f-bjljeok. Nolkfm kspkogcgoÿ ue rjeaf mk vjlfrks pkrf sk trjbj`jrj ofe kstfs prfnkmgfs. 2. Kl kspksfr mk lj zfej trgturjmj ks mk jprfxgnjmjnketk jprfxgnjmjnketk :/2 pulajmj. ?. Kl pkqukúf pfzf pukmk skr trjtjmf ofnf ue yjogngketf gecgegtf0 ks mkogr, Xwcs pkrnjekok ofestjetk ke kl lîngtk mk lj zfej ofnpjotj, mk kstk nfmf sk klgngeje kl “-?/=„  mk lj koujogÿe mk Mjroy pjrj lj ofemgogÿe mk clu`f rjmgjl skngofetgeuf.

 

Koujogÿe mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk pjrj ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl 

 

Koujogÿe mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk pjrj ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl

 >  + ,  ( ( )

 >  +  () 

 

Cgrffzjbjmg y Ijtz - ofrrkljogÿe mk β ke cueogÿe mk I

 

Ke uej prukbj mk clu`f mk trks f oujtrf puetfs kl arêcgo arêcgof f mk @BA ks ðtgl pjrj mgckrkeogjr lj ojîmj mk prksgÿe ojusjmj pfr kl clu`f mk lj ojîmj mk prksgÿe ojusjmj pfr kl mjúf mk cfrnjogÿe :. _g kl kl vj vjlfr mk mk b ks bj`f (nkefr mk 8,8;), ke kl pfzf ef fourrgrê mjúf mk lj cfrnjogÿe. 2. Kl vjlfr mk mk j gemgoj kl arjmf mk turbulkeogj ke kl _gstknj pfz pfzf-cfrnjogÿe. f-cfrnjogÿe. ?. _g b‗/b ks bj`f (nkefr mk 2), pkqukúj f egeauej turbulkeogj fourrk ke kl sgstknj =. _g kl kl vj vjlfr mk mk b y kl mk b‗/b sfe bj`fs kl pfzf cuk bgke ofnplktjmf. ofnplktjmf. ;. _ g kl kl vj vjlfr mk mk b ks bj`f y kl mk b‗/b ks jltf, ef sk rkofngkemj rkjlgzjr kstgnuljogÿe 3. _g kl kl vj vjlfr mk mk b ks jltf y kl mk b‗/b ks bj`f, sk rkofngkemj rkjlgzjr rkjlgzjr kstgnuljogÿe

b‗ > b +j*qnjx

 

K`knplf0 Mjmj lj sgaugketk gecfrnjogÿe getkrprktk, skaðe lj arêcgoj mk @feks, Blfuet y Aljzk, lj ojîmj mk prksgÿe ke lj ofnplktjogÿe pfr ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl. Xws > ?888 Xsg

Xrukbj Ef.

]jsj mk clu`f (BCXM)

Xrksgÿe mk cfemf (Xsg)

:

=88

2428

2

:888

2:1;

?

:?=8

:383

=

:388

:848

 

XRFOKMGNGKE]F

:. 2. ?. =.

Ojlo Ojloul uljr jr (Xw (Xws ‟ Xwc)/q Arjc Arjcggojr (Xw (Xwss ‟ Xwc)/q vs q Ojlouljr Ojlouljr lfs vjlfrks vjlfrks m mk k j (pkemgketk (pkemgketk)) y b mk lj koujogÿe koujogÿe mk lj rkotj rkotj jx + b > y Rkknpljzj Rkknpljzjrr y djlljr qfnjx djogkemf djogkemf Xwc > 8 ke lj koujogÿe0 koujogÿe0

;. Keofetrjr kl vjlfr mk b‗ mk lj koujogÿe b‗ > b + j*qfnjx 3. Ofeolusgÿe

 

[ef mk lfs prfblknjs mkl mgskúf mk uej ofnplktjogÿe pkrcfrjmj pkrcfrjmj ks kstgnjr lj kcgogkeogj mk ljs pkrcfrjogfeks pkrcfrjogf eks pjrj trjesngtgr kl clugmf mksmk kl rkskrvfrgf jl pfzf. Lj kcgogkeogj mkpkemk mk 0 • Eðnkrf mk ljs pkrcfr pkrcfrjogfeks jogfeks jbgkrtjs • Mgênktrf mk ljs l js pkrcfrjogfeks • Xrfcuemgmjm mk pkektrjogÿe • Arjmf mk mjúf jlrkmkmfr mk lj pkrcfrjogÿe • Cjsk

 

pkrcfrjogÿe, jogÿe, ngegngzjemf kl Lj pkrcfrjogÿe bj`fbjljeok (Xwc < Xr) rksultj ke k e bjoiclfw f surakeogj j trjvçs mk lj pkrcfr tjpfejngketf mkl mkbrgs y kl mjúf ke lj zfej trgturjmj. ]rks ]r ks tçoegojs mk pkrcfrjogÿe pjrj bj`fbjljeok sk prksketje j ofetgeujogÿe Kl nçtfmf mk ]ubgea pkrcfrjmf pkrcfrjmf juequk skj kl nês ofstfsf ks kl nk`fr Ojsg oujlqugkr arjmf mk bj`fbjljeok pukmk skr orkjmf, lj mkesgmjm mk lj pkrcfr pkrcfrjogÿe jogÿe pukmk skr jltj, ljrajs zfejs pukmke skr pkrcfrjmjs y kl pfzf pukmk prfmuogr genkmgjtjnketk genkmgjtjnketk mkspuçs mk lj pkrcfrjogÿe

 

[e prfblknj sk prksketÿ prksketÿ ke kl mgskúf mk uej pkrcfrjogÿe pkrcfrjogÿe bj`fbjljeok ks kl arjmf ÿptgnf ÿptgnf mk prksgÿe bj`fbjljeok pjrj usf. [e kstumgf mk ojnpf llkvjmf j ojbf pfr Igea, kt jl, rksultÿ ke ofrrkljogfeks ketrk lj pkektrjbglgmjm pkektrjbglgmjm mkl yjogngketf yjogngke tf y lj prksgÿe mk bj`f bjljeok ekoksjrgj pjrj fbtkekr rkemgngketf rkemgngketf mk pkrcfrjogÿe quk ef cuk nk`frjmf pfr lj pfstkrgfr jogmgcgojetk.

[emkrbj/jeok uskm fe tub/ea-ofevkykm pkrcfrjtgea

ge fgl zfeks ge sjemstfek  

[emkrbjljeok prkssurk uskm fe tubna-ofevkykm  pkrcfrjlgea ge ajs zfeks zfeks ge sjemstfek. 

 

K@KROGOGF MK JXLGOJOGFE

 

Ojîmj mk prksgÿe ke ofnplktjogfeks ofe knpjquk ofe arjvj Lj ofnplktjogÿe, ofe bjsk j lj kxpkrgkeogj, ks ÿptgnj oujemf lj ojîmj mk prksgÿe j trjvçs trjv çs mkl ojúfekf kstê ketrk 288 j ?88 psg.

Lfs clugmfs vgj`je j trjv trjvçs çs mk lj cfrnjogÿe j lj rkagÿe okrojej quk rfmkj kl pfzf, ketrje pfr ljs pkrcfrjogfeks mk lj tubkrîj mk rkvkstgngketf rkvkstgngketf djogj kl knpjquk mk arjvj y lukaf pjsjr kl getkrgfr mkl "lgekr" pkrcfrjmf f rjeurjmf.

 

Xrkngsjs sk ofesgmkrje pjrj utglgzjr ljs koujogfeks mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk _k jsunk quk kl clu`f j trjvçs mkl knpjquk mk arjvj ks lgekjl y ef rjmgjl

_k utglgzj lj koujogÿe mk Mjroy pjrj clu`f lgekjl.

 

Lfeagtum lgekjl mk clu`f “L„„0 ks lj “L mgstjeogj pjrkm mklketrk “lgekrlj„  rjeurjmf y lj pjrkm mkl dfyf mkl pfzf.

 

Xrkngsjs sk ofesgmkrje pjrj pjrj utglgzjr ljs koujogfeks mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk kl tjnjúf mk lfs arjefs mk arjvj mkbk skr sklkoogfejmf skaðe kl tjnjúf prfnkmgf mk lfs arjefs mk jrkej mk lj rfoj mk yjogngketf.

Xkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj arjvj nuodf njyfr quk lj mkl yjogngketf

kl tjnjúf mk ljs rjeurjs mk lj tubkrîj ÿ “lgekr„ “lgekr „ rjeurjmf mkpkemk mk lj arjvj utglgzjmj

 

K_Z[KNJ MK KNXJZ[K MK ARJS AR JSJ J

Lj njyfrîj mk fpkrjmfrjs kstêe mk joukrmf quklj ojîmj mk prksgÿe mkl knpjquk mk arjvk Xwcs ‟ Xwc mkbkrîj skr nkefr j ?88 psg.

 

Koujogÿe mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk pjrj ofnplktjogfeks ofe knpjquk ofe arjvj 

 

Koujogÿe mk @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk pjrj ofnplktjogfeks ofe knpjquk ofe arjvj 

 

K@KROGOGF MK JXLGOJOGFE

 

Ourvj mk jclukeogj mk clugmfs quk kl yjogngketf yjogngketf ketrkaj ke kl cfemf mkl pfzf (Xwc v.s. q)  •

_k lk mkbk sustrjkr j lj GXR pjrj ojmj tjsj mk prfmuoogÿe, lj ojîmj mk prksgÿe quk kxgstk j trjvçs mk lj ofnplktjogÿe.

mfemk MXo sk kstgnj pfr ljs koujogfeks suakrgmjs pfr @feks, Blfuet & Aljzk bgke skj pjrj ojúfekf ofevkeogfejl f pjrj knpjquk ofe arjvj, y Xwcs ks lj prksgÿe cluyketk fbtkegmjs ke lfs oêloulfs mk lj GXR.

 

K@KNXLF OFNXLK]JOGßE OFE KNXJZ[K MK ARJSJ

 

Nktfmflfaîjs pjrj kl oêloulf mk lj GXR ke pfzfs mk ajs Nçtfmf mk @feks, Blfuet y Aljzk0

Mfemk0 J> Ofnpfeketk ljngejr B> Ofnpfeketk turbulketf

Mfemk0 JR> Ofnpfeketk mk rkskrvfrgf ljngejr Jp> Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe ljngejr JA> Ofnpfeketk mk knpjquk ofe arjvj ljngejr BR> Ofnpfeketk mk rkskrvfrgf turbulketf Bp> Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe turbulketf BA> Ofnpfeketk mk knpjquk ofe arjvj turbulketf

 

Ofnpfeketk mk rkskrvfrgf ljngejr

Mfemk0 iaR> Xkrnkjbglgmjm gejltkrjmj gejltkrjmj mkl rkskrvfrgf jl ajs _m> Cjotfr mkl mjúf mkbgmf j lj jltkrjogÿe mk lj pkrnkjbglgmjm jlrkmkmf jlrkmkmfrr mkl pfzf

Mfemk0 iR> Xkrnkjbglgmjm mkl rkskrvfrgf, rkskrvfrgf, nm im> Xkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj zfej jltkrjmj, nm rm> Rjmgf mk lj zfej jltkrjmj, ct _g ue vjlfr mk _ sk pukmk fbtkekr mk uej prukbj trjesgtfrgj, trjesgtfrgj, kstf skrê gaujl j _m.

 

Ofnpfeketk mk rkskrvfrgf turbulketf

Mfemk0 βR> Ofkcgogketk mk vklfogmjm ke kl rkskrvfrgf, rkskrvfrgf, ct−:  

 

Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe ljngejr

Mfemk0 _X> Cjotfr mk mjúf pjrj kl kckotf mkl clu`f quk ofevkrak ke pkrcfrjogfeks jlrkmkmfr mkl pfzf _pm> Cjotfr mk mjúf pjrj kl clu`f j trjvçs mk lj zfej mjújmj y ofnpjotjmj jlrkmkmfr mk lj pkrcfrjogÿe

Mfemk0 d> Kspksfr tftjl mk lj cfrnjogÿe, ct dp> Lfeagtum mkl getkrvjlf pkrcfrjmf, ct iR> Xkrnkjbglgmjm mkl rkskrvfrgf ke lj mgrkoogÿe dfrgzfetjl, dfrgzfetjl, nm iv> Xkrnkjbglgmjm mkl rkskrvfrgf ke lj mgrkoogÿe vkrtgojl, nm

 

Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe ljngejr

Mfemk0 Lp> Lfeagtum mk pkrcfrjogÿe, ct E> Eðnkrf tftjl mk pkrcfrjogfeks imp> Xkrnkjbglgmjm Xkrnkjbglgmjm mk lj zfej ofnpjotjmj f trgturjmj, nm rp> Rjmgf mk pkrcfrjogÿe, pkrcfrjogÿe, ct rmp> Rjmgf mk lj zfej ofnpjotjmj f trgturjmj, ct

 

Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe ljngejr Kl kspksfr mk lj zfej ofnpjotjmj ks efrnjlnketk mk 8,; pulajmjs. Ks mkogr, rmp > rp + 8,; sg rp kstê ke pulajmjs. _g ef djy gecfrnjogÿe mgspfegblk sfbrk kl rjmgf mk lj zfej jltkrjmj, ue vjlfr mk  > +: y pukmk skr usjmf sg rw kstj ke pgks.

 

Ofnpfeketk mk pkrcfrjogÿe turbulketf

 

Ofnpfeketk mk knpjquk ofe arjvj arjvj ljngejr

Mfemk0 iA> Xkrnkjbglgmjm mkl knpjquk ofe arjvj

L> Lfeagtum mkl tðekl mk pkrcfrjogÿe

 

K@KROGOGF